Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matériau argileux'
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Guillot, Xavier. "Couplage entre propriétés microscopiques et comportement mécanique d'un matériau argileux." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0742.
Boucly-Norotte, Véronique. "Évolution des caractéristiques mécaniques et de la perméabilité de matériaux argileux sous l'effet de sollicitations thermiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1991. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569032.
Le, Troedec Marianne. "Caractérisation des interactions physico-chimiques dans un matériau composite à base de phyllosilicates, de chaux et de fibres végétales." Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/e24c28f9-a650-4203-a4d0-a9fe7302ca00/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4055.pdf.
In order to understand the physico-chemical mechanisms governing the interactions between hemp fibres and mineral matrices based on lime and on mixtures of lime and clay minerals, the influence of various chemical treatments of fibres on their surface properties and on macroscopic mechanical properties of mortars were evaluated. Treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) removes various organic components from the surface of the fibres, increases the adhesion forces between the fibre and a colloid made of silica and improves the mechanical properties of the resulting composites for lime and lime/kaolin matrices. An explanation for this behaviour could be linked to an increase of the fibre surface roughness and homogeneity. Other chemical treatments, with Ethylene Diamine Tetra-acetic Acid (EDTA), Polythylene imine (PEI), a saturated lime solution and a calcium chloride solution have no impact on the mechanical properties of the composite material
Kohler, Eric. "La réactivité des matériaux argileux sous gradient thermique." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009942.
Lainé, Maxime. "Etude du comportement de matériaux argileux sous rayonnement ionisant." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS192/document.
The aim of this PhD thesis is to study and understand, by proposing reaction mechanisms, the behavior under irradiation of various clay materials. The systems of interest were first synthetic talc, which is the prototype of a non-swelling material. Under irradiation by accelerated electrons, the production of dihydrogen in this system, due solely to surface hydroxyl groups, is of the same order of magnitude as the one obtained in liquid water. This yield is divided by 30 in the case of natural talc from Luzenac, thus highlighting the importance of the impurities as scavengers of the precursors of dihydrogen. Synthetic smectites, which are swelling materials, were then studied.The results evidence the radiolysis of water confined in the interlayer space, leading to H2 yields which may be two to three times higher than those measured in water. Moreover, they are similar for montmorillonite and saponite, evidencing that the charge location plays only a minor role. Finally, the study of double layered hydroxides or anionic clays shows that, in this case, the nature of the anion in the interlamellar space controls the reactivity. Parallel to these measurements, electron paramagnetic spectroscopy experiments have enabled proposing reaction mechanisms. Finally, all these results are of interest in the context of the disposal of radioactive waste
Perronnet, Murielle. "Réactivité des matériaux argileux dans un contexte de corrosion métallique : application au stockage des déchets radioactifs en site argileux." Phd thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2004_PERRONNET_M.pdf.
Ln order to confine radioactive wastes in deep settings, it is envisaged to use some natural clay materials and bentonites. Their stability when in contact with metallic iron, main component of the canisters, is studied. These studies show that the reactivity of such materials is mainly controlled by those of their dioctaedral smectites and kaolinites. On the contrary, the presence of sulfides stops the Fe(O)-clays reaction. The kind of reaction products depends on the quantity of available metallic iron. When pH is over 7, the Fe(O) is oxidized consecutive to a physical contact with the oxidant agents of the smectite (H+, OH- et Fe3+). This reaction is favored by the heterogeneities of the lateral surfaces of the smectite, which then describes a microenvironments in which some serpentines grow up if the iron supply is sufficient. Such new-crystallizations imply a decrease of the confinement properties of the clay barrier
Jozja, Nevila. "Étude de matériaux argileux albanais. Caractérisation "multi-échelle" d'une bentonite magnésienne." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003740.
Kikouama, Odilon. "Propriétés physico-chimiques d'associations matériaux argileux - oligoéléments : formulation et propectives prophylactiques." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA114815.
Clay is natural raw material essentially composed of clayey minerals and which can contain some trace elements likely to participate in the treatment of some affections. The mineralogical composition of seven clay samples taken in Côte d'Ivoire, Guinée, Sénégal, has been determined by several methods of analysis (DRX,FT-IR, ATD, ATG, DSC, ICP). The predominant mineral is kaolinite (Si2Al2O5(OH)4; 47 to 72% in mass). The microbiological control of three among them indicates that they don't present any risk in accordance with the microbiological requirements specified in the monograph of the pharmacopeia european (5. 05). The kinetic study of the release of some trave elements (Cu2+, Zn2+: ICP; Fe2+, Fe3+: spectrophotometry) and of the essential elements (Ca2+, Mg2+: Ionic chromatography) in physico-chemically simulated physiological mediums (MPS: "Mouth, stomach, intestine"; pH, T°, electrolyte) shows that this one is fast (approximately 15min) and is done preferentially in the stomach medium because of its acidity. This release is also done because to the presence of the Na+ ion in the MPS, which replaces the various cations because of the proximity of their ionic rays. We conceived pellets (by extrusion-spheronization) floating in the gastric medium from one of the studied varieties, of polymeric (HPMC, PVP, Eudragit® 30 D) and minerals binders (NaHCO3, Talc). The results obtained show that the pellets have a time of buoyancy of 5 and quantitatively improve the release of the trace elements: Fe2+ (95%), Fe3+ (70%), Zn2+ (60%) versus 40% of Fe2+ and Zn2+; 30% of Fe3+ for the raw clay
Comparon, Laetitia. "Etude expérimentale des propriétés électriques et diélectriques des matériaux argileux consolidés." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135855.
This study is devoted to the electical and dielectric properties of consolidated clays. A better understanding of the conduction and polarisation phenomena in clays is necessary to better interpret in situ measurements in term of water saturation and texture. An experimental study was carried out on synthetic clay samples (kaolinite and smectite) compacted with various water contents, porosities and mineralogical compositions, on a large frequency range, using three laboratory setups. The electrical properties of natural argillites (from Andra) were theninvestigated. We found that the response of the synthetic samples is mainly controlled by water content on the whole frequency range ; two polarization phenomena were observed, which were related to the Maxwell-Wagner polarization and the electrical double layer polarization around the clay particles. The electrical response of argillites is more complex ; it is controlled by water content but also by the microstructure of the rocks, the electrical and dielectric anisotropies are high ; anisotropy was also measured for the synthetic clays. The existing models explain the high frequency part of the dielectric permittivity of the clayey materials, but the low frequency part of the spectra (<1MHz) needs theoreticaldevelopmentsThis study is devoted to the electical and dielectric properties of consolidated clays. A better understanding of the conduction and polarisation phenomena in clays is necessary to better interpret in situ measurements in term of water saturation and texture. An experimental study was carried out on synthetic clay samples (kaolinite and smectite) compacted with various water contents, porosities and mineralogical compositions, on a large frequency range, using three laboratory setups. The electrical properties of natural argillites (from Andra) were theninvestigated. We found that the response of the synthetic samples is mainly controlled by water content on the whole frequency range ; two polarization phenomena were observed, which were related to the Maxwell-Wagner polarization and the electrical double layer polarization around the clay particles. The electrical response of argillites is more complex ; it is controlled by water content but also by the microstructure of the rocks, the electrical and dielectric anisotropies are high ; anisotropy was also measured for the synthetic clays. The existing models explain the high frequency part of the dielectric permittivity of the clayey materials, but the low frequency part of the spectra (<1MHz) needs theoreticaldevelopments
Poulain, Daniel. "Pressions intersticielles de construction dans les barrages homogènes en matériaux argileux humides." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10618.
Konan, Koffi Léon. "Interaction entre des matériaux argileux et un milieu basique riche en calcium." Limoges, 2006. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/3b7f2cb8-3de2-4e3b-b69f-6248510754de/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0010.pdf.
Clay materials can be used in cementitous materials for their pozzolanic effect (after deshydroxylation) or like inert load to partly fill open porosity. The study of interactions between the cement based materials and clays is thus essential to optimise the valorisation of these materials. Surface reactivity of three clays (kaolin, illite and montmorillonite) in calcium hydroxide based dispersions (Ca(OH)2) was thus studied. The results obtained show that all these clays trap simultaneously calcium and hydroxyl ions. This adsorption is a function of the specific surface of clay minerals and the alkalinity of the dispersion. The calcium proves to be a coagulant for the kaolin and a dispersant for the illite in a basic medium. The case of montmorillonite is more complex because of interfoliar exchange. The results could be interpreted by taking into account the donor or acceptor character of atoms of various surfaces. The effect of organic dispersants is also discussed
Nejmeh, Kassem. "Enhancing adhesion and Water Resistance in Clayey adhesives Mixtures : Strategies for Vertical and Horizontal Applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UEFL2012.
Earthen material has long been favored in building construction for its eco-friendly characteristics. Fine clay particles play a crucial role in enhancing the cohesion of such materials. This research focuses on exploring clay-based mixtures as potential substitutes for traditional tile adhesives used on concrete slabs. The objective is to develop a material that exhibits strong adhesion resistance and maintains its integrity even when submerged in water. Considering the porous nature of the clay mixture, adherence to specific drying conditions and immersion periods becomes crucial.The initial stage of the investigation involves conducting a mechanical test to measure the adhesive stress of the material before and after water immersion. A reference soil sample serves as the baseline for evaluating this stress. To influence the mechanical properties, we introduce a proportional amount of polymers or fibers into the reference soil, aiming to alter its cohesive attributes. The selection of polymers or fibers is strategic, intended to induce changes in the material's mechanical properties and its resistance to water.In the subsequent phase, the study focuses on understanding the drying process and imbibition kinetics following the addition of polymers. Additionally, we provide evidence that the choice of polymer significantly affects the kinetics of immersion and the degree of water absorption.The research approach unfolds in three distinctive scenarios: firstly, we enhance the strength of the mortar by incorporating diverse polymers and fibers; secondly, we aim to impede water absorption into the adhesive; and finally, we endeavor to develop a reversible adhesive capable of reclaiming its mechanical strength after experiencing loss due to immersion, solely through a drying process. Moreover, we devise strategies specific to different application methods, addressing both vertical and horizontal applications
Samaké, Drissa. "Traitement des eaux usées de tannerie à l'aide de matériaux à base d'argile." Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10300.
In this work we propose to study methods of waste water processing, in particular those of a tannery of Mali (TAMALI), we investigate the immobilization of chromium, by using clay minerals. We identified the compounds present in the effluents of the tannery of TAMALI: Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ca, Si. We measured the total Cr and Cr(VI). We found a Cr concentration significant total (1,2 g/L) and very little dissolved Cr (VI) (0,035g/L). We detected organic acids. We characterized a clay sample coming from Marakabassy MB: the diffraction of x-rays on rough clay and the fine fractions (2 µm) shows that the clay MB is composed of kaolinite, quartz with a small quantity of smectite and illite. The chemical analysis showed ratio SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 higher than that of a kaolinite. MgO, Na 2 O, K 2 O and MnO indicate the presence beside the kaolinite of smectite and illite. ETM showed that clay is a kaolinite with fine particles lower than 0. 1 µm and ESM showed fine particles of size lower than 100 nm beside well crystallized larger particles. The CEC and specific surface area confirmed these observations with values respectively 0. 34 M eq. Kg -1 and 64 m 2 g -1. Chromium (III) adsorption increases with the pH; 97% are adsorbed. The adsorption of chromium (III) occurs well in the simple matrices (distilled water) but when one has complicated matrices it passes from 97% to less than 15%. Adsorption is obstructed by organic compounds. For that we made the adsorption of chromium in distilled water in the presence of organic compounds. It was seen that the weak concentrations do not have a significant effect on adsorption but from 5 mM one noted a fall of adsorption
Khelifi, Hamid. "Matériaux argileux stabilisés au ciment et renforcés de fibres végétales : formulation pour extrusion." Lorient, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORIS277.
The main aim of this thesis was to contribute to the study of the extrusion of cement-clay paste and the valorization of local materials in order to produce extruded building bricks. To do this, extrudable cement-stabilized argillaceous materials (kaolin) have been designed. These mix designs comply with actual requirements concerning environmental impacts (use of a significant proportion of clay) and they may be used as building materials. Bio-based fibers (flax fibers) have been incorporated. As for any other type of inclusions, flax fibers modify the rheological behavior of material at fresh state. Furthermore, their hydrophilic character amplifies the changes and has required a specific study. The mechanical perform-ances of the tested mix design and the positive effect of extrusion process as well as the addi-tion of fiber have been characterized. Such as for concrete, the Féret relationship is shown to be able to predict the compressive strength assuming that kaolin acts as a high water demand aggregate. A model for stiff paste ram extrusion incorporating the filtration phenomenon and the frictional behavior of the granular packing has been developed. This model is based on the soil mechanics approach and is able to predict the transition between pure plastic behavior and frictional plastic behavior. Finally, the mechanical and thermal performances of the cho-sen eco-friendly mix designs have been compared to those of traditional building products (concrete blocks, concrete, clay bricks, AAC. . . ). Environmental impacts of these mix design have also been evaluated and compared. It appears from this study that the extrudable cement-stabilized argillaceous materials comply with legislations concerning environmental impacts thermal comfort. They are also able to present an alternative to actual building products
Delisée, Annie. "Etude expérimentale, modélisation et optimisation de la rétention du césium sur des matériaux argileux." Reims, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REIMS008.
Dang, Kim Dung. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique des matériaux argileux (bentanite MX 80 et argilite du callovo-oxfordien)." Rennes, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISARA007.
Bouguerra, Ahmed. "Contribution à l'étude d'un procédé de valorisation de déchets argileux : comportement hygrothermique des matériaux élabores." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0002.
Sand deposits currently exploited on Western France are increasingly clayey (20-30% in mass) and require the separation of the fine parts by washing. These clayey fines are an increasingly important supply. To increase the value of these co-products the proposed technique develops new insulating bearing materials from the clayey fines and stabilised wood aggregates. This work concerns the behavior of the developed materials in varying climatic conditions. This required the adjustment of measuring techniques and the determination of the structural characteristics. These materials should equally have a bearing function; a short mechanical study was carried out to a macroscopic scale. The overall results show the significance of lightening of a clayey cement matrix using wood aggregates. A density of 0. 8 respects the mechanical and thermal requirements of the insulating bearing materials as well as insuring thermal stocking function. The behavior towards humidity in normal operating conditions is very satisfactory. The fixation of water in the vapor stage remains weak and in the case of contact with liquid water the presence of wood aggregates slows down the progress of the satured front and reduces the overall quantity of water absorbed by the material. For temperatures in excess of 20C, the wood aggregates take part in the coupled heat and mass transfer. The estimation models of the thermal conductivity as a function of the morphological characteristics and of the hygrothermal state were also developed and valided
Ferrand, Thierry. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés thermiques et d'échange cationique des matériaux argileux employés en pelothérapie." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10537.
Wahyudi, Herman. "Étude des propriétés mécaniques des matériaux argileux en relation avec leur organisation à différentes échelles." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECAP0205.
Pothier, Catherine. "Etudes des propriétés de confinement de matériaux argileux pour barrières ouvragées de stockages de déchets." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2052.
Nadji, Djaouida. "Colmatage d'un milieu modèle par une suspension d'argile : Application au colmatage des chaussées poreuses." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENPC9814.
The objective of this thesis is to provide an insight into the phenomenon of porous asphalt clogging. An experimental device has been built in order to test the hypothesis that this phenomenon is caused by the combined effects of a supply of colloidal suspension (clay and clay-bitumen particles) and the cycle of hydratation-drying of the granular porous sample. Therefore, the evolution of the permability and the cohesion of a model porous media, subject to these cycles, have been studied. We have shown that the permeability versus the hydratation cycle number decreases linearly. Moreover, we have noticed that the evolution of clogging in the case of the clay-bitumen particles is quicker than in the case of suspension of bentonite particles. In fact, during the suspension flow, the clay particules pass through the granular pack without any retention. Whereas, the clay-bitumen particules are retained on the grains of the porous medium. A phenomenon of colloidal migration from the bulk to the surface evaporation during the cycle of deshyratation has also been noticed. The repetition of this phenomenon leads to a heterogeneous sample composed of two parts : the solid part (crust) near to the surface evaporation and the crumbly part which constitute the bulk of the granular pack. The mechanical measurements have shown that a small quantity of clay within the crust part is enough to generate important values of Young’s modulus and yield stress. By micoscopic observations, we have shown that the cohesion of the sample is due to two types of clay structure : the « cement » and the « veils and bridges ». We have called « cement » the clay pile resulting from the superposition of the plane membranes which are perpendicular to the direction of evaporation and are situated in the pores formed by the grains. We have designed by « veils and briges » the clay structures created at the contact point between grains
Boucly-Norotte, Véronique. "Evolution des caractéristiques mécaniques et de la perméabilité de matériaux argileux sous l'effet de sollicitations thermiques." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ENPC9123.
AL-RIM, KAMAL. "Etude de l'influence de différents facteurs d'allègement des matériaux argileux : Le béton argileux léger, généralisation à d'autres fines roches et applications à la cenception d'éléments de construction préfabriqués." Rennes 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10213.
Carrière, Simon. "Recherche de précurseurs géophysiques à la transition solide-fluide dans les glissements-coulées affectant les matériaux argileux." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU021/document.
Landslides affecting clay materials sometimes evolve in quick earthflows that can constitute serious threats for populations and infrastructures. This thesis focuses on the search of possible geophysical precursors for the solid-fluid transition that characterizes these clay materials, and also on the understanding of the processes involved in this transition. Firstly, laboratory rheometrical experiments carried out on clays samples coming from five flow-like landslides yield the following results: 1) the water content deviation from the Atterberg liquid limit controls the stress at which the sample fluidizes; 2) sample fluidization is accompanied by a drop in the elastic shear modulus (hence, in the shear wave velocity); 3) fluidization is not accompanied by a change in electrical resistivity.Secondly, processing of data coming from a surveillance system (seismic, electric, geodesic and meteorological data) on the Pont-Bourquin landslide in Switzerland shows that: 1) landslide kinematics is correlated at short term (a few days) with rainfall; 2) material stiffness measured by seismic parameters is influenced at short term (a few days) by rainfall and at longer term (a hundred days) by temperature; 3) apparent electrical resistivity measured with a system of electrodes located on the stables banks of the landslide is very sensitive to changes at the surface and hardly exhibits possible changes at depth
Marme, Frédérique. "Synthèse et caractérisation de solides acides à base de matériaux lamellaires ou mésoporeux." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10237.
Attari, Allel. "Caractéristiques physiques et processus de migration de l'eau dans les matériaux à base de gypse et de minéraux argileux." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0094.
After hardening, β hemihydrate plasters are essentially macroporus materials (r>1000Å), then constitute media into which liquid water can easily migrate. The aim of the present work was to remedy such an inconvenient by incorporating into the material, before hardening; finely divided solids such as mineral clays (kaolinite, montmorillonite, muscovite, talc, sepioloite and attapulgite) or a thermally activated mineral clay (meta-kaolinite) added or not to calcium hydroxide or ordinary Portland cement. The research as allowed to point out that certain precited solids idi not sensitively modify either hydratation kinetics (investigation by isothermal calorimetry) nor both compressive and flexural strength, when the content of additive solids does not exceed 10% in weight in plaster. But all added solids decrease both the pore size distribution and , except for metakaolinite-lime addition, the water migration rate into the material. He results concerning the last point have been obtained by using an original experimental set allowing the study of water migration on variable hydraulic charge. A theoretical modelling of the phenomenon implying to take into account experimental values of permeability coefficient, pore size distribution and total open porosity of the material, has been proposed. The present work has allowed to define without any ambiguity, the choice of solid additives able to resolve the set problem
Esnault, Loïc. "Réactivité géomicrobiologique des matériaux et minéraux ferrifères : impact sur la sureté d'un stockage de déchets radioactifs en milieux argileux." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10139/document.
This thesis sought to describe the dynamic concept of a viable and sustainable microbiological activity under deep geological disposal conditions and to assess its impact on containment properties and storage components. Thus, in this study, a model based on the bacterial ferric reduction was chosen for its sustainability criteria in the system and its ability to alter the materials in storage conditions. The main results of this work demonstrated the capability of the environment to stand the iron-reducing bacterial activity and the conditions of its development in the deep clay environments. The bio-availability of structural Fe (III) in clay minerals and iron oxides produced during the process of metal corrosion was clearly demonstrated. In this system, the corrosion appears to be a positive factor on bacterial activities by producing an energy source, hydrogen. The iron-reducing bacterial activities can lead to a resumption of metallic corrosion through the consumption of iron oxides in the passive film. The direct consequence would be a reduction of the lifetime of metal containers. In the case of ferric clay minerals, the consequences of such an activity are such that they can have an impact on the overall porous structure both in terms of chemical reactivity of the materials or physical behavior of the clayey barrier. One of the most significant results is the crystallization of new clay phases at very low temperatures, below 40°C, highlighting the influence of the anaerobic microbial activity in the mineralogical transformations of clay minerals. Furthermore, these experiments also allowed to visualize, for the first time, a mechanism of bacterial respiration at distance, this increases the field of the availability of essential elements as Fe3+ for bacterial growth in extreme environment. In conclusion, these results clearly showed the impact of the microbiological factor on the reactivity of clay and metal minerals, while relying on control parameters on bacterial activity. The relevance of taking into account these microbiological activities in the case of safety assessments of a repository is then established
Pialy, Pierre. "Étude de quelques matériaux argileux du site de Lembo (Cameroun) : minéralogie, comportement au frittage et analyse des propriétés d’élasticité." Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/bc02badf-6723-4dd9-b3b6-99f3e222a5b0/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4002.pdf.
The objective of this work was to study the ability of some clay raw materials from Lembo site (Cameroon) for the manufacture of wide diffusion ceramics. In this respect, their mineralogical composition has been determined by using different characterization techniques. The study of the evolution on heating of Young’s modulus of the sample which undergoes densification by viscous flow at T<1200°C has then been achieved by using hypotheses on phases distribution. The strong increase of this modulus observed when the mullite volume proportion increases of only 4. 7% between 1150 and 1200°C has been related to a microstructural transition: the connectivity of mullite needles and quartz grains changes from rigid isolated inclusions in a softer matrix to a rigid percolating subnetwork. The good mechanical strength of the sample after thermal treatment has been therefore brought to light
Rakotondratsima, Lee Yong Guy. "Mécanismes de gonflement et d'altération des schistes carton." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL084N.
De, Oliveira Tiago. "Absorption de produits pharmaceutiques par les organoclays : des matériaux polyvalents pour des applications environnementales." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE3001.
Adsorption represents an easy, simple and low-cost way to remove both organic and inorganic pollutants in water. Clay minerals are well known for their outstanding adsorption properties for numerous products. The chemical modification of its surface through the intercalation of surfactants for the preparation of organoclays considerably improves the adsorption properties, in particular for hydrophobic organic compounds such as pharmaceutical products (PPs) which are more and more commonly found in sewage and surface water. In the present contribution, the adsorption PPs with different therapeutic actions and varied physicochemical properties onto clay mineral and organoclay derivatives prepared with different surfactants (cationic and nonionic) has been studied with a particular understanding of the interactional mechanisms of PP with the adsorbents in order to (i) evaluate the stability of materials for an application in purifying context and (ii) to apprehend the role of the mineral phases in the fate of organic micropollutants in the natural environment. The experimental data obtained by a set of complementary techniques reveal that organoclays prepared with nonionic surfactants show a versatility for numerous PPs while the hydrophobic environment generated by the grafting of surfactants with alkyl-chains particularly enhances the adsorption of the organic compounds. The study confirmed the efficiency and the promising remediation behavior of organoclays for wastewater treatment
Aouad, Amina. "Pontage de bentonites en milieu concentré : synthèse, caractérisation physico-chimique et application." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2022.
Jozja, Nevila. "Etude de matériaux argileux albanais : caractérisation multi-échelle d'une bentonite magnésienne : impact de l'interaction avec le nitrate de plomb sur la perméabilité." Orléans, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003740.
Collet-Foucault, Florence. "Caractérisation hydrique et thermique de matériaux de génie civil à faibles impacts environnementaux." Rennes, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAR0016.
This work deals with hydric and thermal characterization of cob, hemp and lime coating, hemp mortar and hemp wool. The first part deals with environmental quality of building materials and presents the ones studied. Their structural physical characteristics are given. The wet fixing and transfer are then studied by sorption and permeability measurement. The results obtained are compared with the porous structure and are coupled in order to calculate the isothermal hydric diffusivity coefficient. Lastly, the thermal characteristics of the materials are measured for three wet contents. The results are compared with those obtained for other materials. Simulations enable to compare the heating needs of a building with walls made of different materials (insulated concrete blocks, cob, hemp mortar). The results show that the heating needs for the studied materials are similar for lower environmental impacts all the building life cycle long
Cadalen, Sébastien. "Transport d'un polluant dans des sables argileux : écoulement réactif en milieu poreux saturé ou non-saturé en eau." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPT050H.
In the context of nuclear risk control associated to nuclear waste storage, the french nuclear agency plays an increasing role in terms of research and development in the area of subsurface contamination. This study focuses on an homogeneous porous media constituted of Fontainebleau sand and clay grains (illite) presenting sorption capacities. The modeling of the complex geometry and physical phenomena at different scales enables us to describe the average transport at Darcy's scale. The two main axes developped are the impact of an heterogeneous sorption on transport phenomena and the dispersivity of an unsaturated porous media
Attayebi, Houda. "Suivi de l'état de dispersion des nanoparticules d'argile dans un polymère par rhéo-spectroscopie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28283/28283.pdf.
Vo, Van Son. "Élaboration, caractérisation et simulation de nanocomposites argile-polymère : des nouveaux matériaux pour l'éco-conception." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1162/document.
Clay nanoparticles (CNP) are abundantly available low-cost natural resources with numerous positive attributes such as large surface area, impermeability to gas, superior mechanical and thermal properties so that they have attracted over the last three decades significant attention, notably for the reinforcement of polymer-based materials. However, CNP suffer from incompatibility, hence weak interfacial interactions and poor dispersion with/in most of organic polymeric materials because of their intrinsic hydrophilicity and strong interlayer interactions. This limitation is one of the major reasons why polymer nanocomposites have to date remained mainly in laboratories. Thus, one of the key challenges in developing clay-based polymer nanocomposites (PCNs) with advanced thermo-mechanical, gas barrier...properties relies on the control at the molecular level of the interface properties of clay nanoplatelets-filled polymer resins. Taking into account the criteria for sustainable development, civil engineering and green economy, we have developed, in the first part of this thesis, reactive and pre-exfoliated clay nanofillers that may be further incorporated in a diverse set of biopolymer matrices and giving rise to strong energy interactions with the said matrices for improved mechanical behavior. To ensure a closer fit of these specifications we have implemented green approaches for the preparation of these generic nanofillers, namely photopolymerisation was used as a low energy consumption and fast method for the surface functionalization of native clays, solvent-free protocols were applied to prepare polymer nanocomposites, while biopolymers (starch, cellulose) or bio-based precursors (epoxidized vegetal oils) served as dispersion media. By controlling the preparation conditions, reactive clay nanofillers with adjustable interlayer spacing and chemical surface reactivity were prepared. Of particular interest is that the layered-like structure of the clay nano ller is preserved while the d-interlayer spacing can be increased though increasing the photopolymerization time, i.e. amount of polymer within the clay nanosheets. Our major results from the the first part can be summarized as follows: Morphology and reactivity of clay nanofillers are easily controlled though adjusting the photopolymerization time and selecting adequate vinyl monomer. - The newly preparation methods allow preparation of samples beyond the gram-scale. - Reactive and surface chemistry of pre-exfoliated clay nanofillers can be tuned to provide compatibility with both conventional preformed biopolymers and bio-based epoxy resins. - The mechanical properties of the resulting polymer nanocomposites are improved as compared to the neat polymeric matrices owing to the strong interface interaction between fillers and dispersion matrices
Prêt, Dimitri. "Nouvelles méthodes quantitatives de cartographie de la minéralogie et de la porosité dans les matériaux argileux : application aux bentonites compactées des barrières ouvragées." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2334.
TEMIMI, MOURAD. "Utilisation des cendres volantes dans l'élaboration des matériaux argileux stabilités a froid a l'aide de différents liants et mis en forme par extrusion." Rennes, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAR0013.
Risse, Sophie. "Elaboration et caractérisation de matériaux issus des agro-ressources. Applications en emballage souple." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMS024.
This PhD thesis deals with the elaboration of flexible tubes for cosmetics, made from agro-resources. Nowadays, flexible tubes for cosmetic applications are made with PE for its good mechanical properties and its very low water vapor permeability. What can limit the development of polyesters made from agro-resources in the packaging area is precisely their bad water vapor barrier properties. Now incorporating nanoclays in a polymer matrix is one of the most promising techniques to decrease the permeability of the matrix.Then PLA/PBS/clay and PHA/PBS/clay were studied. Two organoclays, with two different organic modifiers, were used: the Dellite® 67G (D67G) and the Cloisite® 30B (Cl30B). The nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing in a laboratory scale twin screw extruder. XRD and rheological measurements indicated a mixed partial intercalated and exfoliated structure. The exfoliation level was shown to increase with Cl30B content but had an optimum using D67G. The Young's modulus increased when increasing clay content and the presence of residual large clay aggregates leads to brittle blends for the high clay content. Even if the incorporation of Cl30B enhances significantly the water vapor barrier properties of PLA/PBS and PHA/PLA blends (up to 50%), it could not yet concurrence PE. An accelerated ageing test (specific for PE tubes) on our tubes filled with cream showed very important weight loss (16%) compared to the PE tubes (<1%)
Monfared, Mohammad. "Couplages température-endommagement-perméabilité dans les sols et les roches argileux." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00657206.
Takla, Mohamad. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement des argiles saturées et non saturées : analogie avec les matériaux carbones." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ECAP0087.
Cazaux, David. "Mesure et contrôle in situ de la perméabilité des matériaux utilisés dans les dispositifs d'étanchéité pour la protection de l'environnement : état de l'art et développements." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0066.
Field permeability measurement of soils and materials used in containment system for protection of soils et groundwater is now a obligation in French regulation. These materials have a permeability generally Jess than 1. 10-6 m/s and need specific test methods. We distinguish traditionally two families that are shallow methods with ting infiltrometers and borehole methods more common for characterization of deeper materials. We wrote a State of the Art about the main methods used in France and abroad trying, with the help of comparative tests, to determinate their respective field of application and eventual restrictions. We propose a precise analysis of constant head test methods which was chosen for French standardization with the new apparatus we conceived from passed experiences. Experimental studies are performed on clayey soils which have different physical properties and permeability: silt, clay, sand bentonite mixtures, and also geosynthetic clay liners. Our work deal with an original analysis of infiltration data during the first hours of infiltration. We compare different unsaturated and saturated approach with the traditional methods. To manage short term tests to qualify soil liners, we propose some developments on the pressure pulse technique applied to boreholes. This method can lead to estimation of perm abilities less than 1. 10-9 m/s in a few hours what provide a great interest for permeability control during construction of soil liners
Ounaies, Wassef. "Contribution à l’étude du comportement des argiles par des sollicitations avec rotation des axes principaux." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0009.
This thesis considers the behaviour of a P300 kaolinite subjected to three-dimensional solicitations with principal axes rotation. Firstly we present the diverse array of laboratory testing methods along with their respective advantages and limitations. Next, we describe the hollow cylinder torsion apparatus for clays and the modifications that we performed on it. It was with this apparatus that we performed the experimental work in this research. Particular attention was paid to the homogeneity of the hollow cylinder tests. . A specific study was conducted on the homogeneity of the samples made. In order to determine the effects of principal axes rotation on the behaviour of the kaolinite, we performed monotone drained and non-drained tests while varying the orientation with respect to the vertical of the principal stress axes. In addition, non-drained tests were performed with continuous rotation of the principal stress axes. In order to study the influence of induced anisotropy, we undertook a series of drained tests with constant orientation of the principal stress axes consisting of a cycle of pure torsion to create the anisotropy. Another set of non-drained cyclic torsion tests were carried out with the objective of studying the influence of the axial deviation imposed and the shear stress applied. The behaviour at failure is also touched upon through the results of our tests and of those published in some literature
Michot, Aurélie. "Caractéristiques thermophysiques de matériaux à base d'argile : évolution avec des traitements thermiques jusqu'à 1400°C." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/7e8b118b-1931-4bd3-8647-dd3c4b73ff85/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4040.pdf.
The structure and micro structure of a clay material change significantly with thermal treatment. The consequences in terms of thermal conductivity and specific heat have been studied. Using calorimetry and the laser flash technique, measurements were made on the green body and samples subjected to thermal treatments at different temperatures between 700°C and 1400°C. For the case of a standard reference kaolin, a significant decrease of heat capacity is observed following deshydroxylation. Thermal conductivity increases from 0,4 W. M-1. K-1 for the solid phase in the green body to 3 W. M-1. K-1 after crystallisation due to a thermal treatment at 1400°C. Industrial materials, which are mixtures of different clay minerals, show similar changes but of less magnitude
Dabat, Thomas. "Anisotropie des milieux poreux argileux et implication sur la diffusion de l'eau." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2277/document.
Clay minerals are ubiquitous at the surface of the Earth and can influence, among other properties, the permeability and the ionic exchange properties of soils and rocks due to their platy shape and their most often (sub)micrometric size. Thus, studying clay porous media is of prime importance for different research fields such as: the exploitation and conservation of natural resources, the tracking of pollutants or CO2 storage. While the physicochemical properties of the surface of clay minerals control the adsorption-desorption mechanisms of water and ions, it is the porosity and the anisotropy of the poral network that govern diffusion phenomenon within clay porous media. In this respect, the work presented in the following doctoral thesis focuses on the characterization of clay particle orientation and its influence on anisotropic diffusion properties of water in the associated pores. A first part of this manuscript gathers systematic structural analyses of various model and natural samples. One study presents the analyze of experimental and simulated stackings made from sedimented discs with a unique particle size. Results underlined a simple correlation between the particle orientation anisotropy and the poral network anisotropy. Then, an other study was performed on experimental media made of pure clay minerals for various mineralogical compositions and various preparation methods. Based on this data, a reference function was proposed to describe the experimental orientation distribution functions and was successfully applied to three natural porous media. These results aim to facilitate and improve the description of the preferential orientation of clay particles as part of a geometrical characterization of clay porous media. A second part of this manuscript try to describe the link between the anisotropy of the solid phase, previously characterize by the particle orientation, and the prediction of water diffusion coefficients in these clay porous media. A study using both simulated and experimental media was performed on kaolinite porous media presenting contrasted anisotropy and with all other parameters held equal (porosity of the medium, size and shape of particles). Results show a variation of water diffusion coefficients with a factor 2 in the longitudinal direction, compared to the compaction axis, and an anisotropic diffusive ratio varying from 1 (isotropic) to almost 5 (most anisotropic medium analyzed). Then, complementary measures allowed establishing a modified version of Archie’s law that predicts water diffusion coefficients from the porosity/particle orientation couple for a range of porosity of 30-60%. These results aim to improve the description of the orientational anisotropy of clay particles in macroscopic diffusion models of water. Simultaneously, the influence of a salinity gradient and the roles of interparticular and interfoliar porosities are discussed for the diffusion of water, Na+, and Cl- within vermiculite media (charged media with double porosity) for known structural organizations
Ruzicka, Martin. "Optimisation d'un procède de moussage protéinique de pates argile-ciment : conséquences sur le comportement physicomécanique du matériau durci." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0090.
This work studies the clay-cement composite foamed by a proteinic airentraining agent. The clayey part is presently an unused by-product of the exploitation of clay-containing sands. The air-entraining agent, recycled hemoglobin of ox-blood, is also an industrial waste-product. The clayey nature and the foamy character of the material make very complex its behavior in the fresh state as well as in the hardened state. In view of the material application in the building industry, it is absolutely indispensable to control this behavior. Therefore, the study and the optimization of this behavior make the object of this work. In the first part, some theoretical aspects are reviewed. Notably, the elements of clay behavior, its interactions with the cement and proteinic matter as well as the principles of foaming are given. The second and the third part present some characteristics of the mixture components and the applied experimental techniques respectively. The fourth part treats and analyzes the experimental results. Concerning the fresh material, we study the creation of foamed mixture and its rheology. Influences of the ph, of the constituents and of the chemical treatments are exposed. The behavior in the hardened state and the impacts of some treatments are evaluated. Finally, having in view a material of construction possessing the satisfactory properties and considering the results of the study, an optimal composition and foaming conditions are expressed
Anger, Romain. "Approche granulaire et colloïdale du matériau terre pour la construction." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735722.
Chinellato, Anne Cristine. "Etude d'un procédé d'élaboration et caractérisation de nanocomposites à base de polypropylène et de montmorillonite." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_CHINELLATO_A_C.pdf.
This work dealt with polypropylene/organically modified montmorillonite (PP/o-MMT) nanocomposites. The main objective was to study the efficiency of using an acrylic acid modified PP (PP-g-AA) as a compatibilizer to promote the intercalation and/or exfoliation of the o-MMT in the PP, on the one hand; and the structures and properties of the resulting composites, on the other hand. Two kinds of PP-g-AA having the same acrylic acid content (6 wt. %) and differing in molar mass were used. The o-MMT content was 0, 1, or 5 wt. % and the PP-g-AA/o-MMT mass ratio was 0:1, 1:1, 2:1 or 5:1. X-ray diffraction and transmission electronic microscopy showed that without PP-g-AA, the structure of the PP/o-MMT was like that of a conventional micro-composite. With PP-g-AA, the o-MMT was intercalated. Compared to the neat PP, the PP/o-MMT showed an increase in thermal stability of up to 40°C and 30% in elastic modulus. However this increase was concomitant to a decrease in impact strength as the compatibilizer/montmorilonite mass ratio increased. Incorporation of the o-MMT in the PP always led to a decrease in CO2 permeability and the degree of decrease was more significant for compatibilized PP/o-MMT composites (better intercalation/exfoliation) reaching up to 50% with respect to the virgin PP. Based on the above results, it was concluded that the PP-g-AA was efficient to promote the intercalation/exfoliation of the o-MMT in the PP. However, there seemed no significant differences between the two PP-g-AA compatibilizers. Overall, for both PP-g-AA, better properties were obtained for higher PP-g-AA/o-MMT mass ratio
Moreau, Éric. "Etude de la morphologie et de la topologie 2D et 3D d'un sol argileux par analyse d'images - application à la décontamination des sols par champs électriques." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2261.
Waché, Rémi. "Formulation et caractérisation de polyéthylènes chargés avec des argiles : Propriétés barrière des nanocomposites obtenus." Brest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BRES2035.
The particularity of polymer layered silicate nanocomposites is based on the exfoliation of the clay platelets in the polymer matrix. Therefore properties may be dramatically modified with very low clay loading. In this work polyethylene and organoclay have been melt blended. Due to a lack of polarity, the polymer chains do not intercalate the clay stacking. However exfoliation is achieved using maleated polyethylene. We used this polymer as a compatibilizer to promote clay exfoliation in the polyethylene matrix. Partial exfoliation is obtained. Barrier properties of these materials have been characterized. Permeability is higher for the clay reinforced products than their matrix. To understand the poor permeability results a tortuosity model has been developed. The quality of the interface seems to be involved. Several organoclays and compatibilizers have been tested to improve it. But for the concentrations of these products used polyethylene clay interactions always exist and lead to an increase of diffusion