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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Materials conservation'
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McFadden, Peter Daniel, and Peter Daniel McFadden. "Molecular Engineering of Specialty Thermoset Materials." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626330.
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This work seeks to lay the foundation for improved art conservation epoxies by addressing two of the problems which currently limit their use. The first problem with current conservation epoxies is the difficulty of removal post-cure. This can be solved by synthesizing epoxies with thermally re-workable Diels-Alder weak links. The second problem relates to difficulty in identifying epoxy joints in reconstructed artifacts and can be solved by incorporating fluorescent monomers within the epoxy network. The challenge in both of these projects is to ensure that the modified epoxies are still suitable for conservation use.
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Fairhurst, Alison R. G. "The materials, construction and conservation of eighteenth century women's shoes." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2015. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/27536/.
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This thesis analyses a 12% sample of the 900 extant pairs of eighteenth-century women’s shoes in British museums and argues that shoes are a valuable but currently underused historical resource. The analysis is supported by both primary and secondary literature and contemporary images and much of the research is presented in a visual format such as images, diagrams and tables. The thesis revolves around the following questions: What can women’s shoes tell us about eighteenth-century culture? How can object based analysis of shoes enhance our current understanding of women’s footwear in the eighteenth century? How can we characterise materials, construction and manufacture of such shoes based on extant examples? What implications do these findings have for conservators and others responsible for the survival and management of the extant corpus? By recording the complexity of shoes as composite objects and examining how they are made; from what and how their components were processed and manufactured the thesis greatly increases the current available knowledge. It proposes a methodology for studying shoes and recording subsequent findings. The thesis also recognises the potential of shoes as historical sources. In addition it examines how we might seek to manage shoes as heritage assets in the future and acknowledges the significant role of the conservator in this. A holistic approach involving both curators and conservators in the decision making process relating to conservation and preservation is given. The appendices give full details of the sampled shoes and show the completed survey forms.
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Thomas, Glyn Rees. "Counter electrode materials for electrochromic windows." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261513.
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Glynn, Deborah. "The preservation and conservation of ink jet and electrophotographic printed materials." Thesis, Open University, 2001. http://oro.open.ac.uk/58177/.
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This research project has investigated the light fastness of ink jet and electrophotographic printed materials by the means of an extensive accelerated and natural ageing test programme. The effect of visible radiation of different wavebands on the deterioration of a selection of ink jet printed materials has also been assessed. The findings of the research indicate that all of the ink jet printed materials tested are sensitive to light and should not therefore, be put on permanent display. Most of the ink jet printed samples exhibited greater light sensitivity to the shorter wavelengths of the visible spectrum, than the longer wavelengths, with damage decreasing as wavelength increases. This relationship was not evident with the cyan and blue printed samples, which showed that their light sensitivity was determined by the spectral absorption characteristics of the printed patch. Some of the ink jet printed materials produced erratic fading rates on exposure to light. This phenomenon was attributed to either the occurrence of photochromism or the disintegration of the dye particles in the ink, but further testing needs to be conducted to gain a better understanding of this reaction. Other factors also influenced the light fastness of the ink jet materials, such as the type of paper employed for printing, ink concentration and ink combination. The electrophotographic printed materials were found to be more stable to light, although the yellow toner from some of the systems would show noticeable fading after approximately 65 to 325 years on permanent display (at 50 lux for eight hours per day). A range of basic conservation treatments was also been investigated and the results indicated that ink jet print materials are very sensitive to all forms of aqueous treatments. Finally, thermal/dark ageing has been performed on the digital printed papers employed in this investigation. The conclusion is that all of the papers are prone to yellowing in storage.
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Bisulca, Christina. "Case Studies in Conservation Science." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332904.
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The research presented in this dissertation covers three separate topics of conservation as defined by the National Science Foundation: 1) Materials Stabilization, Strengthening, Monitoring, and Repair; 2. Understanding Material Degradation and Aging; and 3) Materials and Structural Characterization of Cultural Heritage Objects (the `technical study'). The first topic is addressed through a study to assess the consolidant tetraethoxysilane for the stabilization of alum treated wood. Falling under materials degradation studies is a study published in American Museum Novitates to understand how environmental conditions affect the aging of fossil resins from five different deposits. Two separate studies are included in technical study of cultural heritage objects which comprises the third research area of materials characterization. The first is a survey of red dyes used in Chinese paintings from the Ming Dynasty to the Early Republic (1364-1911). The second is a study of the pigments, dyes and binders used in Hawaiian barkcloth (kapa) from the 19th century.
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Costa, Alice Maria Tavares Alves da. "Integrated conservation strategy of built heritage: traditional construction systems and natural materials." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14808.
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Doutoramento em Engenharia CivilThe risk of losing ancient construction systems is highly relevant in the whole Mediterranean region, but also in many other countries worldwide. The earthen heritage and the mixed construction systems with timber are decreasing very fast and being identified in lists of risk by UNESCO, ICOMOS and by many researchers all over the world. They represent a cultural value of the societies that is being neglected due to unbalanced development, demolitions, lack of knowledge, and guidelines for conservation, instead of the expected unique reason of decay due to natural agents or ageing. Although some conservation approaches have been successful, the results are still scarce and the mistakes continuously repeated imposing irreversible gaps in reading this relevant heritage, mainly in urban areas. This entails questions about the approach to protection, conservation, and the reasons behind such disseminated failure in these objectives. The earthen architecture shows precisely the difficulties in the establishment of a strategy able to successfully achieve the goal of preserving its cultural value. This needs continuous research and ability to communicate the best conservation strategy as just one of the steps of a balanced framework. This investigation aims to discover reasons for failure of conservation strategies involving the traditional construction systems, valuing the case of adobe architecture; to give significance to traditional construction systems as a cultural value to protect and preserve; to propose conservation research areas necessary in a framework of integrated conservation of built heritage, involving the specific case of adobe buildings. The research methodology of this investigation is based mostly on qualitative methods and a case study about adobe construction system, its evolution since the 19th century until the middle of 20th century, and its interaction with architecture. The case study was used to address the main identified gaps of research needed to proceed with an integrated conservation and protection approach of adobe heritage in Portugal. A combination of sources was used following a multi-method approach: in situ surveys, collection of archive files (drawings, written documents and photos), published literature, published and unpublished reports from international organisations, photographic reports, open interviews, and laboratory tests. The first analyses show evidence of multiple causes of failure for the support of conservation strategies. The most important is the lack of a long-term integrated strategy within a recognized and supported framework. Secondly, the continuity of shortcomings is expressed in inadequate choices at several levels of decision-making, absence of measures of maintenance and conservation. Thirdly, the lack of knowledge about the adobe traditional construction system, its evolution and wide interaction with architecture, the approach to the present standards of comfort, and finally, the problem of waterproof barrier and salt’s effects are the main causes of failure in the promotion of adobe conservation strategies. This research recommends the use of the construction system as a cultural value to guarantee the longevity of traditional building heritage, supported by research. It also stresses the importance of understanding the difficulties of application of conservation strategies, looking to a wider international area to better understand the reasons behind causes and eventual successes. It proposes an interpretation of evolution of the adobe construction system and identifies the main defects, both of which should constitute the base of knowledge of any conservation strategy. Finally, considering an integrated framework of conservation strategy, an approach is recommended that integrates key issues of awareness for heritage and research. The specific case study of adobe construction emphasized three main approach areas: the vernacular architecture for public awareness; thermal and comfort issues for protection strategy; and finally, the waterproof barrier with diatomaceous earth, its role in the decrease of salt’s effects and as an effective barrier, for the use of research to solve technical problems of earthen construction.
O risco de perder sistemas de construtivos antigos é altamente relevante em toda a região do Mediterrâneo, mas também em muitos outros países do mundo. O Património de terra e os sistemas construtivos mistos com madeira estão a decrescer rapidamente e são alvo de propostas para integrarem listas de Risco pela UNESCO, ICOMOS e com alertas de vários investigadores de todo o mundo. Estes sistemas, representam um valor cultural das sociedades, que está a ser negligenciado devido ao desenvolvimento desequilibrado, às demolições, à falta de conhecimento, e à falta de diretrizes para a conservação, em vez de a expectável única razão, de deterioração devido aos agentes naturais ou ao seu próprio envelhecimento. Embora algumas experiências de Conservação tenham sido bem sucedidas, os resultados ainda são escassos e os erros continuamente repetidos, impondo lacunas irreversíveis na leitura deste Património relevante, principalmente em áreas urbanas. Isto levanta questões sobre a abordagem à proteção, à conservação, e às razões que estão por trás de tão disseminada falha nos objetivos. A Arquitectura de Terra sofre precisamente destas dificuldades no estabelecimento de uma estratégia capaz de alcançar com sucesso o objetivo de preservar o seu Valor Cultural. O que requer uma investigação contínua e capacidade de comunicar a melhor estratégia de conservação capaz de alcançar com sucesso a compatibilização para a preservação do seu valor cultural, como apenas uma das etapas de um enquadramento equilibrado. Esta investigação tem como objetivo: descobrir as razões subjacentes ao fracasso de estratégias de conservação; investigar os sistemas de construção tradicionais, valorizando o caso da arquitetura de adobe; estudar a significância dos sistemas construtivos tradicionais como valores culturais a proteger e preservar; propor áreas de pesquisa de conservação dentro de um quadro de Conservação Integrada do Património construído, envolvendo o caso específico dos edifícios de adobe. As primeiras análises mostram evidências de múltiplas causas de fracasso para o apoio de medidas de conservação. O que mais se destaca é a falta de uma estratégia integrada de longo prazo, num programa reconhecido e apoiado. Em segundo lugar, a continuidade das deficiências é expressa nas escolhas inadequadas em vários níveis da tomada de decisão, a ausência de medidas de manutenção e conservação. Em terceiro lugar, a falta de conhecimento sobre os sistemas construtivos tradicionais (de adobe), sua evolução e ampla interação com a arquitetura, a abordagem sobre compatibilização dos atuais padrões de conforto com o valor cultural, e, finalmente, o problema particular do corte hídrico e controlo da ação dos sais no edificado antigo, são causas de falha nas estratégias de conservação de adobe, por falta de informação e de investigação. Esta pesquisa recomenda o reconhecimento do sistema construtivo como um valor cultural, para garantir a longevidade do Património construído tradicional, apoiado na investigação. Aborda as dificuldades de aplicação de estratégias de conservação, a nível internacional para melhor compreender as razões de sucesso ou fracasso. Propõe uma interpretação da evolução do sistema construtivo de adobe e identifica os principais defeitos, para apoiar a base de conhecimento de estratégias de conservação. Por fim, considerando o âmbito de uma Conservação Integrada recomenda uma abordagem que integre questões-chave de sensibilização para o património e investigação. O caso de estudo de construção de adobe enfatiza três destas áreas: a ligação entre a arquitetura vernacular e a arquitetura, para sensibilização do público; os problemas de compatibilidade com o conforto, para estratégia de proteção; e finalmente, o efeito da diatomite em barreiras de corte hídrico e aos sais, para apoio aos problemas técnicos de conservação do Património de Terra.
FCT - SFRH/BPD/113053/2015
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Raskin, Shaina. "Analysis and Ethical Conservation of a Roman Statue Head in the Scripps College Permanent Collection." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/664.
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Unprovenanced and undocumented antiquities play a large roll in the international trade of antiquities, a billion dollar sector of the art market. The removal of these antiquities from their source countries creates many problems for the academic community and the standards put in place to eliminate illegal activity. An analysis of an ancient Roman statue head of Livia was used to demonstrate the usefulness of such an legally acquired undocumented antiquity. A visual analysis was first conducted on the Scripps Livia residing within the Scripps Permanent collection by creating comparisons to other known portraits of Livia. A chemical analysis was then conducted to continue verifying authenticity. With the use of a Scanning Electron Microscope, four samples removed from the sculpture were analyzed for elemental composition. Based on the data gathered from these analyses recommendations for new acquisition policies were created for the purpose of ethically researching and displaying the Scripps Livia.
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Conde, Diana Nogueira Rodrigues. "Study of materials, technique and conservation treatment of Sinfonia Heroica by Dordio Gomes." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6225.
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Reis, Dina da Costa. "The materials, technique, conservation treatment and after-care of interior de um convento." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6670.
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Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Conservação e Restauro, especialização em pintura sobre telaThis thesis concerns the study of the materials and techniques of the painting on canvas “Interior de um Convento” belonging to the Portuguese monument Pena National Palace (PNP) and the description of the conservation treatment carried out. The study required the use of several examination and analysis tools such as OM (Optical Microscopy), UV (ultraviolet) and IR (infrared) photography, μ-EDXRF (Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence), μ-Raman (Raman spectroscopy) μ-FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and SEM-EDX (Electron Scanning Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy). The conservation treatment focused on minimal intervention with the purpose of maintaining the integrity of a nineteen century painting that has never been restored until the present date. Simultaneously, a project to investigate the best back and front protection system for the PNP’s paintings collection was initiated. Relative Humidity (RH) and temperature fluctuations were measured in the Palace and inside the half-closed and fully closed systems used to protect twelve model paintings constructed for the purpose. The objective was to choose the best protection system for dampening RH and temperature fluctuations while preventing the risk of mould occurrence. The preliminary results (4 months of readings) showed that the risk of mould growth requires further study for in a more prolonged period which encompasses seasonal changes.
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Wilson, Helen Louise. "Investigation into non-aqueous remedial conservation treatments for iron-tannate dyed organic materials." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigation-into-nonaqueous-remedial-conservation-treatments-for-irontannate-dyed-organic-materials(e708b2e6-8932-472e-973e-2ad5cb1bf855).html.
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Iron-tannate dyes have been used for thousands of years and on many continents to colour materials that are now part of our cultural heritage shades of black, grey, or brown. Cellulosic and proteinaceous yarns and woven textiles have been dyed with iron-tannate dyes to form objects or components of objects for domestic and ceremonial use. Unfortunately, the longevity and useful lifetime of iron-tannate dyed objects is threatened by the dye itself which accelerates the degradation of organic materials through metal-catalysed oxidation and acid-catalysed hydrolysis. The accelerated degradation causes weakening, discolouration, and embrittlement of the organic materials at a faster rate than undyed equivalents and if left unimpeded, weakens the objects to the point that they are no longer able to be exhibited without damage. In some cases the degradation is so great that the dyed areas of the objects have crumbled to dust. At present there is no suitable chemical stabilisation method available with which to inhibit this degradation. An aqueous treatment is available for successfully stabilising paper containing iron gall ink; iron gall ink is chemically similar to iron-tannate dye. However, the aqueous nature of this treatment makes it unsuitable for weakened fibres, water soluble components, and water sensitive materials which may be part of a composite material containing iron-tannate dye. Non-aqueous treatments are therefore urgently needed in order to preserve our iron-tannate dyed cultural heritage for future generations.In this project a range of non-aqueous antioxidants and a non-aqueous deacidifier (described in Chapter 8) were tested alongside existing aqueous treatment in order to establish their ability to slow down the degradation of a range of model iron-tannate dyed textiles (Chapters 9 and 10). Model textiles were developed as part of the project (Chapters 3-5) to be substitutes for historic materials in these stabilisation studies. Validation of the model textiles for this purpose (Chapter 6) involved the comparison of the model textiles with selected historic iron-tannate dyed objects within the British Museum’s collection (Chapter 6). The historic objects and the properties of the model textiles before and after accelerated ageing (Chapters 5 and 6) and before and after treatment application (Chapters 9 and 10) have been characterised using a variety of analytical techniques (Chapter 2). In order to determine which accelerated ageing conditions were the most suitable for this project various combinations of elevated temperature and either cycling or stable relative humidity were tested for their ability to produce noticeable changes in the properties of the dyed model textiles within four weeks of ageing (Chapter 7). This project is an AHRC/EPSRC funded Science and Heritage Programme PhD in which the British Museum has been a collaborative institution. Among other wider dissemination methods, research from this project has been presented to the public on numerous occasions at gallery tours and Science Day events at the British Museum.
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Rogerson, Cordelia. "Preserving jewellery created from plastics and rubber : application of materials and interpretation of objects." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 2010. http://researchonline.rca.ac.uk/338/.
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The adoption of plastics and rubber to artist jewellers’ repertoire of materials in the late 1960s marks a significant and permanent alteration to the artist jewellery discipline. Since this time the physical and conceptual possibilities of plastics have fuelled and enabled developments in this artistic field. Since the early 1970s museums and private collections have continually acquired artist jewellery created from plastic. Some of these artworks are now exhibiting change or deterioration. Discussion and debate regarding their preservation is a pressing need. To date, whilst there has been recent research into the deterioration of plastic materials found in cultural heritage, almost no published work or debate has addressed artist jewellery specifically. This research positions plastic artist jewellery within the expanding discipline of modern materials conservation and aims to raise awareness of preserving plastic jewellery artworks. The prevalent plastics in use for artist jewellery, their properties and importantly application, to create artistic intent, are identified. Current attitudes of custodians and artists towards preservation, which has a bearing on the past and future prospects of the artworks, are analysed. Despite not having articulated their opinion previously, many jewellery artists have considered the long term prospects of their work as part of their artistic practice. As change and deterioration of the artworks is inevitable the impact of change to jewellery artworks is considered. Understanding how material properties are applied to create intent, as identified, is essential to comprehend meaning and any alterations as a result of change. Finally, having deliberately drawn artists into the preservation debate the nature of their input is considered. Should jewellery artists intervene in their own work when treatment is required? The research is from a humanities rather than scientific perspective and is concerned with objects and their interpretation in the context of preservation. The artworks are the starting point and their context as jewellery objects is the primary concern. Oral testimony of artists is also crucial to draw the artists into the preservation process as stakeholders and because jewellery artists are hitherto unrecorded in this context. What is demonstrated throughout the thesis is that the wearable function of jewellery has a bearing on their perception and interpretation as objects.
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Kaner, Jake. "Early polymeric materials encountered in furniture, 1880-1920 : their chemistry, conservation, history and manufacture." Thesis, Bucks New University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342084.
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Learner, Thomas J. S. "The characterisation of acrylic painting materials and implications for their use, conservation and stability." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326669.
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Tyler, Sandra Rose. "Preparing for the Future: Creating Outreach Materials for Edge of the Farm Conservation Area." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1409266895.
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Hoey, Erin M. "Out of Site, But Not Out of Mind: The Conservation and Display of Ancient Roman Floor Mosaics in Situ and in Museums." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/842.
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This thesis explores the display of Roman floor mosaics in museums and in situ. Taking the original mosaic to museums for display and protection, and replacing them on site with replicas, is best for the preservation of the original material and its context.
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Khaire, Shraddha. "Development of cleaning procedures of copper corrosion products by using “green” deep eutectic solvents." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28982.
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Abstract:
Selection and refinement of a method for copper corrosion removal were
undertaken in an environmentally friendly way by using deep eutectic solvents
(DES) integrated in a cellulose-based membrane.
DES is a potential “green” solvent based on natural compounds. In this thesis,
a DES composed of choline chloride and ascorbic acid in a 2:1 ratio, was prepared
and used for copper corrosion cleaning. The DES was diluted with water and the
DES to water ratio was optimized in terms of efficiency, time consumption, and
selectivity of cleaning.
It was found that DES solutions, having a concentration higher than 70 wt.%
were suitable for dissolving copper corrosion products. Meanwhile, they exhibited a
supressed dissolution ability of CaCO3 which is a common compound in many of
the supporting structures used for copper artefacts.
These solutions were then used for swelling cellulose membranes, and the
swelling capacity was monitored for a week. The swollen membrane was put on an
electrochemically corroded copper sheet for 24 hours. By removing the membrane,
the green malachite layer was successfully removed from the copper sheet while
preserving a reddish-brown cuprite layer. This was confirmed by performing X-ray
diffraction analysis before and after cleaning the copper sample.
For heritage objects, the defacing copper corrosion products of Cu (II) need to
be removed apart from protective layer of cuprite. We concluded that the cellulose
membranes containing DES solutions are promising materials for this purpose.
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Nurmi, Kaela L. "Challenges Surrounding the Conservation and Replication of Eva Hesse’s Sculpture." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/709.
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The sculpture of German-born American artist, Eva Hesse (1936-1970), presents many conservation challenges. Hesse’s experimentations with latex and fiberglass created stunningly innovative works of art in the late 1960s bringing these unorthodox materials into the world of fine art; but now these materials are creating major conservation problems. Her artwork is an extreme example of the conservation challenges of contemporary art. This thesis examines the challenges surrounding the conservation and replication of Eva Hesse’s large-scale latex and fiberglass sculptures. The latex and fiberglass materials that captivated Hesse are compromising the structural integrity of her large-scale sculptures today. Hesse’s art forces conservators to establish conservation practices specific to modern and contemporary art. Although replication pushes conservators to re-examine their usual practices and violates the standard notion of minimal intervention, the replication of Hesse’s sculptural works is necessary to represent her artistic vision.
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Bugani, Simone <1977>. "Evaluation of the impact of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and conservation treatments on stone building materials." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/716/.
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Wagoner, Jared Wesley. "Performance Evaluation of PCM-in-Walls of Residential Buildings for Energy Conservation." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2636.
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Phase Change Materials have been the subject of increased research in modern times. Phase Change Materials, abbreviated as PCMs, are being used in a variety of applications in the energy conservation world. In this study, the effect of PCMs on a residential building’s energy consumption was evaluated at different locations across the United States and compared to the standard building at the same locations. An average American residential building was designed and modeled in SketchUp software. The building was evaluated for energy consumption at different locations across the United States using weather data for each chosen location. After the baseline results were collected, the building was re-evaluated, under the same conditions, with a Heptadecane embedded in the exterior walls as the chosen PCM for this study. The results of this study show that Phase Change Materials have a wide-ranging effect on the energy consumption of the designed building. Addition of the PCM to the building walls decreased total energy usage, over the course of a year, by 3.02 – 6.72%, depending on the location.
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Karatasios, Ioannis. "The effect of barium hydroxide on the physicochemical properties of lime-based conservation mortars." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/13255.
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The research undertaken concerns the analysis of original Byzantine mortars and the study of new compatible lime-based mixtures, for conservation purposes, which present enhanced resistance to sulphates. The thesis focuses on the effect of barium hydroxide, as an additive, to both the physicochemical properties and the durability of conservation mortars. Both binary pastes and mortar mixtures, containing varying amounts of barium hydroxide, were prepared and their physicochemical properties and durability determined. Comparisons were made with a reference mixture containing no barium hydroxide. The laboratory mixtures were synthesised according to the analysis of original mortars, collected from six different Byzantine mosaic pavements. The durability of the mortar mixtures against sulphate action was studied through the use of accelerated aging tests: crystallisation of soluble salts; electrochemical degradation; sulphate fixation; and resistance to leaching of cementing material. The results of these tests were considered together with the physical properties of the mortars, since these also influence their durability. From the interpretation of the results it was shown that the setting of lime-based barium mixtures can be described by two mechanisms; the carbonation process of calcium hydroxide and barium hydroxide; and the precipitation of a barium calcium carbonate [BaCa(CO3)2] solid solution. It has been shown that the presence of barium hydroxide in lime-based mortars has a physical effect on the pore space characteristics of the mortar. It has also been shown that its presence improves the durability of the mortar, playing a protective role against sulphate attack.
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Marsh, Glenda Susan, and n/a. "Artifacts conservation : bronzes, bones, bowls and boxes : a report on an internship in archaeological conservation, The Nicholson Museum of Antiquities, The University of Sydney." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1985. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060907.095717.
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During 1984 I carried out an Internship in Materials Conservation
under the supervision of Mrs. Patricia Johnson, the Conservator
of the Nicholson Museum of Antiquities, the University of Sydney.
My area of specialization was in the conservation of artifacts.
The majority of artifacts examined and treated during the
Internship were from archaeological excavations in the Middle
East, at the site of Pella, in Jordan. The site of Pella has
produced artifacts from a wide chronological range ; Neolithic,
Bronze Age, Iron Age, Hellenistic (Greek), Roman, and Arabic
historical periods. A selection of these artifacts has been granted
to the University of Sydney by the Jordanian government, and
constitute the present Pella Collection.
Most of the materials are inorganic, i.e. ceramics, metals,
glass, and stone, although bone and ivory artifacts, as well
as skeletal material, form a part of the collection. Upon an
initial examination of the collection, conservation problems
were identified and a program of conservation work for the
collection was formulated.
Priority treatment was given to the metals in the collection,
particularly to the small bronzes which were found to be
suffering from "bronze disease" (active corrosion), to ceramics
needed for study and display, and to glass with unstable surfaces.
Improvements in storage conditions for the Pella Collection,
particularly in the packing of small finds and the storage of
metals, were also given a high priority.
Taken altogether, the Pella Collection has proved to be a wellbalanced
collection, covering almost every period of Kiddle
Eastern Archaeology, and containing artifacts representative
of most types of materials and of ancient technology. Planned
as a research and teaching collection for the students of the
Department of Archaeology, the University of Sydney, it also
proved to be an excellent teaching collection for a student
of materials conservation.
The following, therefore, is a report on my Internship in
Archaeological Conservation, and includes a description of
the institution which sponsored the Internship, a description
of both the program of work and the program of instruction
for the Internship, detailed descriptions of all conservation
work and other activities which were undertaken as part of the:
Internship, and a final evaluation of the Internship.
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Cvetkovic, Mila. "Unveiling the mural art of Almada Negreiros at the Maritime Stations of Lisbon: diagnosis research of paint layers as a guide for its future." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29079.
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Diagnostic research of the three mural paintings from Alcântara Maritime Station in Lisbon was conducted in order to understand the main decay phenomena and their dynamics, with respect for future conservation work. The analytical setup was composed of in-situ analyses by p-OM, spectro-colorimetry and h-EDXRF, followed by micro-sampling for a more profound analyses with OM, SEM-EDS, μ-XRD, FT-IR and py-GC-MS. Deterioration features identified include salts (salts efflorescence and sub efflorescence), flaking, lacunae, erosion and lack of cohesion of paint layers. Developed salts were classified as sulphates and their origin seems to be linked to polluted atmosphere and water infiltration into building materials. Greenish paint layer present in all three murals appears as the most deteriorated one, as it shows problems of severe flaking and lacunae; Resumo:
Desvelando a arte mural de Almada Negreiros nas estações marítimas de Lisboa: Diagnóstico de pesquisa de camadas de pintura como guia para sua conservação futura
Uma pesquisa diagnóstica das três pinturas murais da Estação Marítima de Alcântara, em Lisboa, foi realizada para entender os principais fenômenos de degradação e sua dinâmica com respeito a trabalhos futuros de conservação. A configuração analítica foi composta por análises in-situ com p-OM, espectro-colorimetria e h-EDXRF, seguida de micro-amostragem para análises mais profundas com OM, SEM-EDS, μ-XRD, FT-IR e py-GC-MS. As características de deterioração incluem sais (eflorescência e subflorescência), descamação, lacunas, erosão e falta de coesão. Os sais desenvolvidos foram classificados como sulfatos e sua origem parece estar ligada à atmosfera poluída e à infiltração de água em materiais de construção. A camada de tinta esverdeada presente nos três murais aparece como a mais deteriorada, pois apresenta severos problemas de descamação e lacunas.
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Fricker, Anna L. "The conservation of polymeric materials in museum collections using advanced surface science and surface analysis techniques." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/44079.
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This thesis describes the research work performed to determine the effect of conservation cleaning treatments on plastics that might be encountered in the museum environment. As part of this work, surface analysis techniques were used to examine the changes occurring to the surfaces of two plastics, polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate), following the application of seven different cleaning treatments. Substrates were analysed using optical microscopy, white light interferometry, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry in conjunction with principal component analysis of the data. The use of sophisticated analysis techniques enabled the characterisation of surface changes at the sub-micron scale. Experimental data obtained for virgin sheet polystyrene substrates revealed surface damage due to cleaning in the form of scratching, attributed in part to the mechanical action of the cloth over the substrate. Residues from surfactants were also detected and were still present after repeated rinsing. The addition of an artificial carbonaceous soil to the surface was found to result in the appearance of scratches on PMMA and a change in the topography of scratches formed on polystyrene due to abrasion from the soil. Accelerated ageing of the substrates revealed changes to the plastics' bulk properties and surface chemistry, as well as the appearance of formations on the polystyrene surface. Further indications of damage caused by cleaning also became apparent with ageing. The cleaning behaviour of aged polystyrene substrates was found to be notably different to that of the unaged substrates. Finally, the initial physical and chemical condition of a real-world object was characterised and its cleaning behaviour evaluated, enabling comparison with the virgin polystyrene substrate. The findings from this work provide valuable information regarding the microscopic changes that can occur to plastic substrates as a result of cleaning and the implications for their future stability.
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Swartz, Natasja Alexandria. "Rational Design of Materials for the Protection of Outdoor Metalworks." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2488.
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Protective coatings are commonly used to protect culturally significant works, such as outdoor sculptures and architectural elements. Given the valuable nature of such metalworks, there is a surprising lack of environmentally sustainable coatings available for their conservation. High performance clear coatings are not developed or thoroughly tested for compatibility and longevity on outdoor sculptures. This can make the implementation of both methods and materials, no matter how promising in a lab, a significant hurdle for the conservation science community. This dissertation work initially aims to replace high-VOC formulations such as acrylic lacquers and waxes currently used as protective coatings for bronze with a waterborne coating by investigating the film formation differences between coating types. Such differences likely have implications for initial film barrier properties as well as long-term performance.
For coating any large-scale metal object, cost-effectiveness limits applicable coatings to commercially available resins with some minor adjustments. Additional requirements for protective coatings for artwork require they must also be transparent, reversible, easily applied and environmentally sustainable. The chemical and physical properties of polymeric coatings with nanoclays modifiers were investigated as they may offer superior weatherability and act as better barriers to water absorption than commonly used lacquers and waxes. This work ultimately finds that nanocomposites with poly(vinylidene fluoride) latex and chemically stabilized nanoclays significantly improved performance and may be a viable option in the protection of material cultural heritage. Protection of high value objects where aesthetics is also important, such as airplanes, buildings, and sculptures are among the possible applications for this research.
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Athanassiou, Athanassia. "Physical effects in the UV-laser ablation of polymeric materials : implications for the laser cleaning of easel paintings." Thesis, University of Salford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366063.
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Kliafa, Maria. "An investigation of bioremediation for the conservation of petroleum-contaminated stone monuments." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2005. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/5105/.
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Today, great effort is made for the protection of cultural heritage. Natural or anthropogenic factors decrease the conservation condition of the cultural artefacts, while their protection and survival mainly depends on political, financial, and technological issues. This project concerns the influence of the environmental pollution on cultural heritage and focuses on the potential effect of chronic petroleum hydrocarbon ground leakage on the subterranean parts of stone monuments. Bibliographic research revealed that there are many references to the effect of air pollution on building stone. However, research has not been expanded to the field of underground pollution in relation to the condition of the stone. Thus, the sources of petroleum pollution are presented, the paths of migration to the monument, the physical phenomena concerning the entrance of such pollution into the pores of the stone, as well as its potential movement in the porous net. The main effort was to assess the protection of a monument subjected to chronic petroleum pollution, by reducing the pollutant content of the stone. The existing methodologies on the reduction of hydrocarbon content in soil and groundwater were assessed, and criteria were set for a remediation method applicable to the treatment of the foundations of stone monuments. The method identified as most appropriate was bioventing, which is the use of air to stimulate indigenous microorganisms that have the ability to transform petroleum hydrocarbons into harmless by-products. Three types of limestone (grey-, marly-, and sandy-) were shown to be significantly weakened by a non-immiscible mixture of water and petroleum hydrocarbons when present in the pores of the stone. The bioventing treatment was shown to reduce the hydrocarbon content of the stone by 75% after a 60 day treatment. The rate of biodegradation achieved was 30 times higher than when no treatment was administered. Recommendations on future management and conservation policies of stone monuments are given.
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Alcayde, Palanca Maria José. "Novel synthesis of calcium consolidants for the conservation of limestone in heritage." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/298718.
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L’alteració dels materials constructius es deguda principalment a les condicions climàtiques i als contaminants ambientals. Dins dels diversos processos de degradació que poden afectar la pedra, emprada tant com material estructural com decoratiu, aquest treball es centra en la desintegració superficial. El tractament de conservació utilitzat per a la recuperació de la cohesió superficial de la pedra es la consolidació. L’objectiu d’aquest treball es sintetitzar i avaluar l’aplicació de consolidants efectius i compatibles amb la pedra calcària.
La compatibilitat és actualment un concepte de gran importància en els tractaments de conservació, per tal de mantenir la màxima estabilitat i durabilitat del tractament i per evitar que es modifiquen les propietats hídriques del suport y la creació d’estrès i envelliment diferencial.
Dos tipus de consolidants compatibles han estat proposats. El primer es basa en suspensions de nanopartícules de calç, en base alcohòlica i en base aquosa. La síntesi ha estat realitzada en microemulsions micel·lars inverses, millorant finalment la penetració del producte en la seva aplicació. La síntesi del segon consolidant consisteix en la formació de hidroxiapatatita mitjançant el procés de sol-gel. La investigació de nous precursors de reacció i la optimització del procés han portat a obtenir un producte amb resultats molt favorables en la seva aplicació.
El tractament amb els consolidants sintetitzats ha estat avaluat en comparació amb altres dos consolidants comercials, sobre pedres envellides artificialment i sobre morters de calç pintats. En la valoració dels assajos realitzats, les propietats petrofísiques, mecàniques i estètiques de la pedra han estat considerades.La alteración de los materiales constructivos se debe principalmente a las condiciones climáticas y a los contaminantes ambientales a los que se enfrenta. De entre las diversas formas de degradación que puede sufrir la piedra, empleada como material estructural o decorativo, este trabajo se centra en la desintegración superficial. El tratamiento de conservación recomendado para la recuperación de la cohesión superficial de la piedra es la consolidación. El objetivo de este trabajo es sintetizar y evaluar la aplicación de consolidantes efectivos y compatibles con la piedra calcárea. La compatibilidad es actualmente un concepto de gran importancia en los tratamientos de conservación. Con ello se pretende mantener la máxima estabilidad y durabilidad del tratamiento y evitar que se modifiquen las propiedades hídricas del soporte y la creación de stress y el envejecimiento diferencial. Se han propuesto dos tipos de consolidantes compatibles. El primero de ellos basado en suspensiones de nanopartículas de cal, en base alcohólica y en base acuosa. La síntesis se ha realizado en microemulsiones de micelas inversas, mejorando la penetración del producto en la aplicación final. La síntesis del segundo consolidante consiste en la formación de hidroxiapatita mediante el proceso de sol-gel. La investigación de nuevos precursores de reacción y la optimización del proceso han llevado a obtener un producto con resultados prometedores en su aplicación. El tratamiento con los consolidantes sintetizados ha sido evaluado en comparativa con otros dos consolidantes comerciales, sobre piedras envejecidas artificialmente y sobre morteros de cal pintados. En la valoración de los ensayos realizados se ha tenido en cuenta las propiedades petrofísicas, mecánicas y estéticas de la piedra.
The key factors in building material degradation are climatic conditions and atmospheric pollutants. Although there are the many processes which can alter stone in either a structural or decorative context, superficial disintegration is the process focused upon in this work. Consolidation is the recommended treatment for the recovery of the superficial cohesion of stone. The aim of this work is to synthetize and to evaluate the application of effective and compatible consolidants for limestone. Nowadays, conservation cures place significant importance upon compatibility in order to achieve the maximum stability and durability of the treatment, to avoid on one hand the modification of the stone’s hydric properties, and on the other, the creation of differential stress and ageing. Two types of compatible consolidants are proposed. The first consolidant is based in lime nanoparticles, in both alcohol and water suspensions. The synthesis has been conducted in inverse micelles microemulsions. The penetration depth in the final application of the product has been improved. The second consolidant synthesis consists in the formation of hydroxyapatite by sol-gel process. New reaction precursor research and the optimization of the process have led to the achievement of a product with promising results in its application. The assessment of the consolidation treatment performed with the synthetized product has been compared to commercial consolidants on artificially aged stones and on painted lime mortars. These test evaluations has been developed considering the petrophisic, mechanical, and esthetic properties of the stone.
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Lake, Christy. "Exhibit Construction: Conservation, Preservation, Materials, and Design Focus on the Pro Football Hall of Fame Canton, Ohio." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1320685649.
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Schwantes, Gesa. "Guarding the guardians: a closer look at claystatues of guardian gods in Hong Kong temples : materials, techniquesand damages." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47967274.
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This dissertation addresses the characteristics and material properties of clay
statues of Guardian Gods in Hong Kong temples. Guardian God statues in Hong
Kong temples are usually represented as a pair, flanking the main deity and are
usually the approximate height of a person.
The statues under study in this dissertation may be categorized as Hong Kong’s
vernacular temple sculpture of the late Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) and The
Republic of China Period (1911-1949), as most of the statues are approximately 50
to 150 years old.
This dissertation documents general information about the statutes and includes an
inventory of specific statues in Hong Kong SAR, in combination with a detailed
case study of a particular statue currently deposited in the Conservation Section of
Hong Kong Heritage Museum.
By describing and documenting the damages of the statues and discussing the
physical properties of the encountered materials, theories for the reasons of the
damages are made.
The research about the characteristics, materials and techniques and damages to
the statues serves in preparation to find an appropriate conservation concept for
the case study statue, and aims to provide information for possible future
conservation concepts for similar statues.published_or_final_version
Conservation
Master
Master of Science in Conservation
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Grabish, Calla. "The preservation crisis and beyond, a recommendation to microfilm the textual records of the Historical Archives Responsibility Centre at the Provincial Archives of Manitoba." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0014/MQ32921.pdf.
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Carothers, Milena R. "Ancient Cypriot Glass: Production, Reception, and the Collections at the Claremont Colleges." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1339.
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This thesis examines the collection of Cypriot glass stored in the basement at Scripps and its context throughout history. The first chapter focuses on the collection itself and includes a brief summary of the founding of the Mudd family’s Cyprus Mines Corporation, which led to the collection of the glass. The repatriation of the collection is also detailed. The second chapter examines the history of Cyprus, and how valuable resources such as copper led to trade on the island. A history of glass is given: how it was made, what it was made out of, and how it was used and appreciated at different times in history. The third chapter addresses the history of the glass trade and production on Cyprus. Island-specific shapes and production are explored. This chapter also looks at how glass was valued and used by different levels of society as glass production evolved and led to a saturated market. The fourth chapter focuses on five pieces selected from the Scripps and Mudd collections. These case studies include conservation condition reports. Physical description, condition, use, and similar examples in other collections are detailed. The final chapter addresses glass conservation. It contains an analysis of previous conservation interventions, descriptions of different types of weathering and degradation, and tips for stabilizing, storing, shipping, handling, and displaying the collection.
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Zajac, Lauren Elizabeth. "An SEM and Microanalysis Examination of a Marquis de Lafayette Terracotta Portrait Bust." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1958.
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Thesis advisor: Gregory McMahonThesis advisor: Barbara Adams Hebard
A terracotta portrait bust of the Marquis de Lafayette with the signature “houdon an. 1790”, now broken, was given to Boston College by Edward S. Ryan in 1966. The two objectives of this study were: (1) To determine the methods used to create this bust and (2) whether or not it could have been made in the studio of Jean-Antoine Houdon. A materials analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) was performed on five representative samples from different regions of the bust. Three samples were unpolished and two were polished using an argon beam milling technique, completely preserving the heterogeneous samples. It was found that the bust was created by pressing wet clay into piece mold, the waxy surface is not original to the sculpture, and the pink layer is the result of a higher iron particle concentration. It is almost impossible to absolutely determine whether or not Houdon made the bust, due to uncertainties in provenance and the large number of busts made by, and copied from, Houdon. However, it is clear that the materials original to the sculpture correlate with the time Houdon lived and the methods he used
Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: College Honors Program
Discipline: College Honors Program
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Roggia, Sally. "William James Barrow a biographical study of his formative years and his role in the history of Library and archives conservation from 1931-1941 /." [Stanford, Calif. : Conservation OnLine, 2002. http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/byauth/roggia/barrow/.
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Sheppard, Barbara Dorothea. "Assessing the environmental performance of building developments : the Green Building Tool." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envs549.pdf.
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Bibliography: p. 119-122. Aims to show how the GB Tool (Green BuildingTool) can be used to access the environmental performance of residential building developments, with a focus on South Australia. Describes the history of, and rationale for, the GB Tool; and its practical implementation. Identifies some theoretical short comings of the GB Tool, as well as some practical difficulties with using it.
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Barq, Shelly. "Exposed." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1503.
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Marcon, Bertrand. "Hygromécanique des panneaux en bois et conservation du patrimoine culturel : des pathologies... aux outils pour la conservation." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00704301.
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Jusqu'à la fin de la Renaissance le bois est resté le principal support pour la peinture, grâce à ses caractéristiques de relative légèreté, sa facilité de mise en œuvre, sa résistance mécanique (résistance spécifique du peuplier comparable à celle de l'acier), et sa durabilité dans le temps. Outre les aspects historico-artistiques des diverses œuvres, les problèmes techniques liés à la conservation et à la restauration des peintures sur bois sont restées - jusqu'à des temps récents - quasi secrets, par les ateliers de restauration. Depuis peu, ces derniers ont reconnu la nécessité d'une meilleure compréhension des phénomènes mis en jeu et travaillent maintenant en relation avec les scientifiques. Dans le cadre de cette thèse deux approches ont été envisagées. D'une part se trouve le dialogue avec les artisans de la restauration et de la conservation et la formulation de leurs attentes dans le but de leur proposer des solutions en adéquation avec leur besoin. D'autre part, les phénomènes à appréhender sont très complexes ce qui justifie en parallèle le développement d'outils spécifiques prenant en compte la mécanique des structures, l'humidité et les caractéristiques spécifiques du matériau bois. Un des objectifs est la prédiction du comportement des tableaux à long terme de par l'étude de leur état par le suivi de comportement in-situ par l'appareillage (mesures non destructives, éventuellement sans contact : mesures optiques) des tableaux en exposition ou de répliques. Pour cela, il a été nécessaire de développer des essais de caractérisation, des modèles de comportement matériau spécifiques au bois et de technique de couplage de codes ou de méthodes numériques dédiées pour simuler les couplages de structure et de matériau dans ce type de problématique. Les applications de cette étude ont porté sur l'analyse et la prédiction du comportement de la Monna Lisa [del Giocondo], le Couronnement d'épines de l'église saint-Didier en Avignon et de diverses techniques récentes de restauration (châssis à ressorts, par exemple).
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Panayiotou, Gregoris. "Thermal performance of dwellings in Cyprus and approaches for energy conservation." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9204.
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Energy has always been the dominant driving force for the socio-economic development of mankind. Nowadays, the global energy system is highly depended on fossil fuels. A great share of the final energy consumption, over 40%, in the EU-27 is consumed by the existing building stock whereas dwellings account for 66.62% of this. Thus, the need to increase the energy performance of dwellings is an important instrument in the efforts to lessen Europe’s energy dependency. In order to define measures to increase the energy performance of dwellings a deeper understanding of their characteristics should be gained. Unfortunately, in Cyprus there is a gap in knowledge on this aspect. In this thesis the characteristics of the dwellings in Cyprus are defined through a sample of 500 dwellings. The results revealed that more than 80% of dwellings in Cyprus do not have thermal insulation installed on their envelope. From this it is clear that the definition of the optimum thermal insulation material to be applied in dwellings is very important. Thus, the commercially available thermal insulation materials and topologies used in Cyprus were reviewed and defined through a market survey and the typical dwelling was modelled. The effect of the application of thermal insulation to its energy behaviour was simulated using TRNSYS. This resulted in the definition of the optimum thermal insulation materials and topologies to be applied in both new and existing dwellings. Accordingly, the application of advanced commercially available materials such as Phase Change Materials (PCM) to the envelope of the typical dwelling was investigated. The energy savings achieved by the addition of a PCM layer on the envelope of the typical dwelling was found to be 28.6%. The optimum PCM case was also combined with the optimum thermal insulation combination and an energy saving of 68% was predicted. The incorporation of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) to the typical dwelling was also simulated and studied. Specifically, two types of standalone RES systems were initially evaluated; a solely photovoltaic (PV) system and a hybrid PV-Wind system. The results showed that the solely PV system is a much better option due to the very high solar potential of Cyprus in comparison to the poor wind profile of the island. Subsequently, a grid-connected PV system was also evaluated and the results showed that when a RES system is grid-connected the cost of the system is reduced to half of that of the standalone cases. This research has revealed that the optimum topology combinations to be applied in both new and existing dwellings in Cyprus is thermal insulation plaster or thermal insulation bricks (only for new dwellings) on the external walls combined with expanded polystyrene on the roof. These results will provide valuable information that will assist both engineers and architects in the efficient design of dwellings in Cyprus. The investigation of the application of macroencapsulated PCM showed that these materials are not yet an economically viable solution for application in Cyprus The findings also show that a solely PV system is the optimum RES system to be applied in Cyprus especially when it is grid-connected. The findings of this project are useful for individuals, house builders and designers as well as policy makers for the design of energy saving subsidy schemes.
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Stupin, Nicole B. "What We Give." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/222.
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The artist discusses the concept, imagery, and research influences behind a body of work entitled What We Give, for the completion of her Bachelor of Arts Degree and undergraduate research for the Fine and Performing Arts Scholars branch of East Tennessee State University’s Honors College. The artist used this body of work to explore her personal relationships with the ocean, Aspergers, and information. Particularly, the artist’s pseudo-mystic beliefs about the ocean, her frustrations with her life struggles, and fascinations with scientific facts and libation vessels are discussed. Dysfunctionality is cited as the driving force behind the thought process of the project. Her work includes two sculptural vessels, rendered in ceramics and painted with house paint. The artist cites gastropod shells, ancient libation vessels, and contemporary artists Marcel Duchamp, Beth Cavener Stichter, and Alison Evans as inspirations.
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Lauck, Jeffrey Stephen. "Evaluation of Phase Change Materials for Cooling in a Super-Insulated Passive House." PDXScholar, 2013. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1444.
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Due to factors such as rising energy costs, diminishing resources, and climate change, the demand for high performance buildings is on the rise. As a result, several new building standards have emerged including the Passive House Standard, a rigorous energy-use standard based on a super-insulated and very tightly sealed building envelope. The standard requires that that air infiltration is less than or equal to 0.6 air changes per hour at a 50 Pascal pressure difference, annual heating energy is less than or equal to 15kWh/m2, and total annual source energy is less than or equal to 120 kWh/m2. A common complaint about passive houses is that they tend to overheat. Prior research using simulation suggests that the use of Phase Change Materials (PCMs), which store heat as they melt and release heat as the freeze, can reduce the number of overheated hours and improve thermal comfort.
In this study, an actual passive house duplex in Southeast Portland was thoroughly instrumented to monitor various air and surface temperatures. One unit contains 130kg of PCM while the other unit contains no PCM to serve as an experimental control. The performance of the PCM was evaluated through analysis of observed data and through additional simulation using an EnergyPlus model validated with observed data. The study found that installation of the PCM had a positive effect on thermal comfort, reducing the estimated overheated hours from about 400 to 200.
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Sheehan, Jennifer Karr. "Intangible Qualities of Rare Books: Toward a Decision-Making Framework for Preservation Management in Rare Book Collections, Based Upon the Concept of the Book as Object." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5213/.
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For rare book collections, a considerable challenge is involved in evaluating collection materials in terms of their inherent value, which includes the textual and intangible information the materials provide for the collection's users. Preservation management in rare book collections is a complex and costly process. As digitization and other technological advances in surrogate technology have provided new forms representation, new dilemmas in weighing the rare book's inherently valuable characteristics against the possibly lesser financial costs of surrogates have arisen. No model has been in wide use to guide preservation management decisions. An initial iteration of such a model is developed, based on a Delphi-like iterative questioning of a group of experts in the field of rare books. The results are used to synthesize a preservation management framework for rare book collections, and a small-scale test of the framework has been completed through two independent analyses of five rare books in a functioning collection. Utilizing a standardized template for making preservation decisions offers a variety of benefits. Preservation decisions may include prioritizing action upon the authentic objects, or developing and maintaining surrogates in lieu of retaining costly original collection materials. The framework constructed in this study provides a method for reducing the subjectivity of preservation decision-making and facilitating the development of a standard of practice for preservation management within rare book collections.
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Ren, Josephine. "Islamic Ceramics, Indelible Creations: Assessing and Preserving the Scripps Collection." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1353.
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This research project examines and documents the collection of Islamic ceramics at Scripps College from an art conservation standpoint. The main objectives were to establish provenance for these objects, assess their current conditions, propose recommendations for future preservation, and discuss the importance of preventive conservation and general collections care methods. Based on my survey and research, I demonstrated which objects in particular should be prioritized due to their states of conservation and significant educational value. Such objects raise further points of departure regarding authenticity and conservation ethics.
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Costa, Gaspar Pedro Miguel da. "Cleaning marble, oolitic limestone and terracotta surfaces : a topographical assessment and comparison of the effects of conservation cleaning treatments on architectural materials." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410433.
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This project is an attempt to investigate the potential and applicability of White Light Interferometry in surface studies in conservation and to establish a methodology to be used in topographical studies of statuary and architectural materials. Surface texture is a key parameter when dealing with works of art and is central in the assessment of cleaning treatments. In addition to this, the development of laser cleaning as a conservation treatment has imposed a need for the evaluation and assessment of other cleaning techniques. The use of more traditional methods has relied so far on a visual assessment, unlike much of the research applied to laser cleaning. A conscientious use of these cleaning methods requires their assessment as well as the need for a comparison based on a common methodology. In this study, the importance of surface texture in conservation is explored, followed by the presentation of the principles of topographical studies. A topographical assessment of laser, abrasive, steam, chemical (using hydrofluoric acid, ammonium carbonate and EDTA) and water-based cleaning is presented, where topographical variations induced on marble, oolitic limestone and architectural terracotta surfaces are assessed by means of light interferometry. This research focuses on the topographical alterations occurred on both non-polluted and polluted surfaces. Whereas the former is the basis of the investigation of the mechanisms of interaction between cleaning treatments and the several materials tested, the latter will contribute to the understanding of the topographical alterations occurred during cleaning treatments. Based on this assessment, a comparison between the topographical effects induced by these cleaning treatments is also presented.
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Rivenc, Rachel. "Made in L. A. : the role of materials and processes in the birth of West Coast Minimalism : and implications for its conservation." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS040S.
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Dans les années dix-neuf-cent-soixante, un groupe d’artistes de Los Angeles entamèrent une démarche de réduction esthétique qui abouti à la création du Minimalisme de la Cote Ouest des États-Unis. L’utilisation de matériaux et procédés novateurs, souvent d’origine industrielle, a été un élément crucial de leur pratique artistique. Cette thèse de doctorat étudie les matériaux et procédés utilisés par quatre pionniers du Minimalisme de la Cote Ouest, Larry Bell, Robert Irwin, Craig Kauffman and John McCracken. On y montre combien les matériaux ont jour un rôle essentiel dans le développent de ces artistes notamment dans le passage de la peinture a la création d’objets hybrides peinture/sculpture. On y montre également que la relation de ces artistes avec l’aspect technique de leur travail n’était pas uniquement pragmatique mais avait au contraire un caractère intime et fondamental qui devrait être pris en compte pour la conservation de leurs œuvresIn the 1960s, a group of Los Angeles based artists embarked on a reductive process that led to the creation of a distinct aesthetic, often referred to as West Coast Minimalism. The use of innovative materials and processes, often borrowed from the industrial world has been a critical element of their artistic innovation. This doctoral thesis focuses on the use of materials and processes by four pioneers of West Coast Minimalism, Larry Bell, Robert Irwin, Craig Kauffman and John McCracken. The thesis contends that materials and processes played a crucial role in prompting these artists to transition from paintings to objects that were hybrid painting – sculpture, and in making their practice an avant-garde one. The thesis also demonstrates their intimate and first-hand involvement with their process and suggest that this should be taken into account when deciding how to approach the conservation of their work
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Colmars, Julien. "Hygromécanique du matériau bois appliquée à la conservation du patrimoine culturel." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765961.
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Avant la généralisation des toiles vers le XVI-XVIIème siècle, le bois a servi de support à d'innombrables peintures qui constituent aujourd'hui une part importante, dans les musées et les églises notamment, de notre patrimoine culturel. Après plusieurs siècles d'existence, les planches servant de support aux panneaux peints sont très souvent courbées : cette courbure est généralement imputée à la présence unilatérale de la couche picturale, imposant des échanges asymétriques d'humidité entre le bois, matériau hygroscopique, et son environnement de conservation. Par ailleurs il existe dans ces déformations une forte contribution de l'orthotropie cylindrique du bois qui est une conséquence de la croissance des arbres. Enfin, l'historique des variations hygrométriques à proximité d'un panneau peint renvoie à l'étude plus générale du comportement thermo-hygro-mécanique différé du bois. Une compréhension d'ensemble de ces phénomènes doit permettre d'orienter des décisions difficiles de conservation, notamment celles relatives au déplacement des œuvres ou à la maîtrise des environnements dans les musées. Nous proposons dans ce travail une approche générale de mécanique du matériau et des structures bois appliquée aux panneaux peints. La méthode utilisée intègre des moyens expérimentaux en laboratoire et sur des œuvres in-situ, des méthodes numériques, et l'accent est mis sur le lien fort existant entre les aspects " comportement " propres au bois (anisotropie, couplages hygromécaniques, etc.) et les aspects de structure relatifs aux panneaux peints (débit des planches, efforts extérieurs dus à leur assemblage, etc.). Un outil de calcul basé sur la modélisation mécanique des plaques orthotropes est développé. Il prend appui sur un code préexistant de transfert de masse et de chaleur décrivant les mouvements d'eau dans le support. Ce code de calcul complet est utilisé notamment sur un cas d'étude : un panneau peint de 500 ans environ, en situation d'exposition dans une église.
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Booth, Jennifer Harriet Halsey. "Back to nature : geologically informed consolidants for stone museum artefacts." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2a549300-a45f-4b72-8cef-2d30fc296883.
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The Back to Nature project was developed as a collaborative doctoral award between the British Museum and the School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford. The British Museum has a large collection of limestone artefacts, some of which have deteriorated to an extent that a consolidation treatment, to improve internal cohesion, has been deemed necessary to ensure the value of the artefacts is maintained. Previous consolidation practices within the museum had centred on the use of organic consolidants. In the past, inorganic consolidants had been considered ineffective chiefly due to poor penetration depth and inconsistent deposition within the stone. Recent scientific developments within conservation, particularly the development of nano-limes, coupled with a trend towards treatments offering physical and chemical compatibility, led to the British Museum reconsidering the use of inorganic consolidants. Three inorganic consolidants: ammonium oxalate treatment, Calcite In-situ Precipitation System (CIPS), and CaLoSil have been investigated by the Back to Nature project to assess their potential for use on the British Museum’s deteriorated limestone artefacts. The investigation involved a developmental sequence of four experimental phases to assess the effectiveness of each consolidant upon freshly cut, artificially pre-weathered, and naturally weathered stone samples. In all experiments an organic silane Wacker SILRES BS OH 100 was used as a comparison. A variety of analytical methods were used including: Equotip, GrindoSonic, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Karsten Tubes, Drilling Resistance Measurement System, spectrophotometry, X-ray Diffraction and Ion Chromatography. Experiments show that the CIPS treatment could hold promise for use as a consolidant. Ammonium oxalate only appears to provide consolidation at the surface level, and CaLoSil would need modifying and more investigation before using in the museum environment. The differences noted between experiments on artificially weathered and naturally weathered stone indicate that a two-step process, involving testing on both types of samples, would give the best indication of consolidant effectiveness. High variability between samples shows a large number are needed to give an accurate interpretation of change due to consolidation.
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Rodriguez, Abigail E. "Playing With Fire: An Examination of the Context and Conservation of Jose Clemente Orozco's Prometheus." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/860.
Full textAbstract:
Tucked within Pomona College’s campus in Claremont, California, sits Frary Hall, the home of Mexican muralist Jose Clemente Orozco’s first work in the United States. The mural, titled Prometheus (1930), has been subjected to many instances of vandalism over the years. Thus, in 1980, a protective coating was applied. Today, the coating, a highly-reflective varnish, has been noted as a hindrance of the fresco’s original matte surface. Using case studies and art historical analysis, this thesis examines the importance of the mural within the history of Mexican muralism and the pros and cons of removing the protective coating. In addition, this research looks at the potential of art conservation as a means of reactivating the mural and promoting discussions across campus about the preservation of this cultural landmark. The thesis is culminated by a detailed proposal for the continued conservation of the mural, using Prometheus as a starting point for further discussions about aesthetics and ethics within the discourses of art history, art conservation and art restoration.
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Tokmak, Musa Supervisor :. Caner-Saltık Emine N. "Documentation and examination of historic building materials for the purpose of conservation : case study, part of the walls at the citadel of Ankara." Ankara : METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605895/index.pdf.
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Odegaard, nancy Nell, and n/a. "Archaeological and ethnographic painted wood artifacts from the North American Southwest : the case study of a matrix approach for the conservation of cultural materials." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1996. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060822.132115.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines and demonstrates the value of a matrix approach in the
discipline of conservation and the concerns specific to the conservation of
archaeological and ethnographic objects. The chapters identify the relevance of
the matrix to current conservation practices through a history of artifact
conservation and a discussion of the factors that compromise the conservators'
role in the study and preservation of material culture. The discussion evaluates
the nature of systematic research collections, the impact of legal issues, and the
ethics of including cultural context as important aspects in the development of
the matrix approach.
The matrix approach provides the conservator with a number of variables or
categories of information that may assist in the determination of an appropriate
conservation process. In this study, the matrix approach was tested on a
number of artifact objects. To provide a common link, all of the objects were
characterized by paint on some form of cellulose (wood or a wood-like
substrate). The object cases were from both ethnographic and archaeological
contexts, and the work involved both laboratory procedures and consideration
of non-laboratory (i.e. legal, cultural, ethical) aspects. The specific objects
included (1) a probable tiponi of archaeological (Anasazi culture) context, (2) a
group of coiled baskets of archaeological (Mogollon culture) context, (3) a
kachina doll of ethnographic (Hopi culture) context, (4) a group of prayer
sticks of archaeological (Puebloan and Tohono O'Odham) context, and (5) a
fiddle of ethnographic (Apache culture) context.
By recognizing the unique and diverse aspects of anthropology collections, the
conservator who uses a matrix approach is better equipped to work with
archaeologists on sites, with curators and exhibit designers in museums, and
with claimants (or the descendants of an object's maker) in carrying out the
multiple activities frequently involved in the conservation of objects as they
exist in an ever broadening and more political context.
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Forster, Alan M. "An assessment of the relationship between the water vapour permeability and hydraulicity of lime based mortars with particular reference to building conservation materials science." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1132.
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Anderson, Jae R. "Coping with Arsenic-Based Pesticides on Diné (Navajo) Textiles." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333471.
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Arsenic-based pesticide residues have been detected on Arizona State Museum’s (ASM) Diné (Navajo) textile collection using a handheld portable X-ray (pXRF) spectrometer. The removal of this toxic pesticide from historic textiles in museums and collections is necessary to reduce potential health risks to Native American communities, museum professionals, and visitors to these cultural institutions. A leader in engineering innovative pesticide removal methods, ASM received federal funding support to continue essential research in removing heavy metal pesticides from cultural property. The research objective was divided into three interconnected stages: (1) calibrate the pXRF instrument for arsenic contaminated cotton and wool textiles; (2) engineer a textile conservation aqueous washing treatment to remove arsenic from wool textiles; (3) demonstrate the aqueous washing treatment method on actual Navajo textiles known to have arsenic-based pesticide residues. The calibration process consisted of a dipping method to produce known homogenous arsenic cotton and wool test samples saturated with solutions of 100, 500, 1000, 2500, and 5000 parts per million (ppm). A linear correlation between observed pXRF test readings and formulated arsenic solutions corroborated the instruments range of detection for arsenic on specific textile materials. The calibration confirms that the pXRF is suitable instrument to measure the removal of arsenic from wool textiles. Wool test samples treated with solutions of an arsenic concentration of 1000ppm were used to develop an optimal aqueous washing treatment exploring the effects of time, temperature, agitation, and pH conditions to efficiently remove arsenic while minimizing damage to the structure and properties of the textile. Each conditional effect removed a certain percentage of arsenic, although the most efficient aqueous washing treatment consisted of submerging a wool textile in deionized water at room temperature for ten minutes with the greatest level of agitation within reason to minimize damage the textile. The final stage of the research applied the aqueous washing guidelines formulated from experimental research on three historic ASM Navajo textiles. Two textiles contained low arsenic concentrations (<100ppm), and one tested with a high arsenic concentration (~1000ppm). The aqueous washing treatment resulted in minimal change for low arsenic concentration textiles, and a 96% removal of arsenic on a high arsenic concentration textile. The preliminary success of removing arsenic-based pesticide residues from historic Navajo textiles greatly impacts the future management of historic textile collections, and also raises questions to further refine the research methodology or pursue alternative related research such as engineering a closed circulating arsenic removal system to limit the quantity of toxic water.