Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Materialist critique'
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Roberts, Stephen John. "Environmentalist views on science and technology : a materialist critique." Thesis, Keele University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409549.
Full textLoomba, A. "Disorderly women in Jacobean tragedy : Towards a materialist-feminist critique." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378281.
Full textSpong, Andrew. "The repertory of the Rose : a contribution to an historical materialist critique of early modern English drama." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421202.
Full textChemengich, Emmanuel. "Ideology and interpretation in Luke 1-2 a critique of Itumeleng Mosala's black materialist hermeneutics for (South) Africa /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.
Full textLeubolt, Bernhard. "History, institutions, and selectivities in historical-materialist policy analysis: A sympathetic critique of Brand's State, context and Correspondence." Österreichische Gesellschaft für Politikwissenschaft (ÖGPW), 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4870/1/Leubolt_2014_OZP_History%2Dinstitutions%2Dand%2Dselectivities.pdf.
Full textJunior, João Bosco Leite dos Santos. "Critérios jurídicos-normativos na determinação da pena: análise dos discursos em torno da finalidade da punição." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2136/tde-20012015-133648/.
Full textThis paper summarizes the search for an alternative orientation to the theoretical and practical treatment of judicial sentencing, with particular attention to the particularities regarding the base sentencing. To do so, the traditional discourse on punishment was revisited, in order to clarify, from this field of penalty legitimacy, some of the main limitations of the so called official approach concerning the foundations and purposes attributed to criminal reprimand. Next, we sought to undertake a materialist critique of punishment, which was done through a socio-historical approach of sentences and penal institutions, whose origin and consolidation was examined, to the current flow of mass incarceration. Finally, the main theoretical contributions to the debates on the determination of punishment were analyzed, so that they were put forward to its most serious shortcomings, and indications were laid out, albeit general, geared primarily to a criminal action referenced on the need to mitigate the well known disocialisating effects of the jail.
Entezareghaem, Seyed Shahab Al Din. "Ideology, Power and Dissidence in The 'Revenger's Tragedy' (1607) and Cyril Tourneur's 'The Atheist's Tragedy' (1611) : a cultural materialist approach." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAC031.
Full textThis thesis aims to explore the contentious relationship of The Revenger's Tragedy and The Atheist's Tragedy with the dominant ideology which informed them. The theoretical positioning to which I adhere for my analysis of the tragedies is Cultural Materialism. A Cultural Materialist analysis endeavors to show how ideology and thus the existing socio-economic and religious order attempt to maintain their predominance despite being seriously called into question. Adhering to the concepts of dissidence, ‘self-fashioning’ and subversion, I explore the political, moral, philosophical, and generic dissidence underlying The Revenger's Tragedy and The Atheist's Tragedy. These two tragedies could be considered, along with other Elizabethan and Jacobean plays, as the most radical critiques of the dominant socio-political structure of England in the early modern era
Watt, Abdoulaye. "Feuerbach critique de Hegel : de l’idéel au réel." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE2007.
Full textThis work proposes an analysis of the absolute idealism, the humanism and the dialectical materialism through the respective thoughts of Hegel, Feuerbach and Marx. It is a question for us of studying here three philosophic doctrines which follow each other chro - logically by showing in particular how took place the passage of the idealism absolved from Hegel in the philosophic humanism of Feuerbach which will be the object of a rather severe criticism on behalf of Marx who at the same time rejects him(it) having integrated(joined) him(it) as moment into the elaboration of its materialistic conception(design) of the word
Dorn, René Sebastian. "Critique de la vision phénoménologique." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30005/document.
Full textThis work is driven by the attempt to criticise Phenomenology with the help of Levinas. Similar to the Frankfurt School, he characterises it as a “vision of essences”. These eidetical essences are, and can never be fully absolute, not only because several movements of Hegelian Dialectics are refuted in submitting knowledge either to the imago of mere immanence, or to normative structures which are postulated as invariant like in certain versions of Neoplatonism, but because they function as an apriori of an eternally unfinished and fragmented Lebenswelt. Maybe it is to harsh to compare Husserl to the neoscholastic readings of Descartes and to the formalist interpretations of Kant. Husserl is well aware of the kinaesthetic foundations of consciousness and, contrary to Heidegger, he even promotes Spinozism in a certain phase of his which excels his adolescent fervour of Berkeley. Nevertheless, Husserl incorporates a subject-based, “monadic” transcendentalism, that paradoxically leads to the dissolution of subjective identity. Traditional reasoning itself is exfoliated to perfection in Heidegger afterwards. Husserl's halfhearted formalism ignores the materialist theory of the simulacrum by Lucretius. Heideggers philosophy widens this overseen aspect in calling the Eidos an Aussehen in referring to the Presocratics, but it despises any kind of method and finally flees in to poetry, maintaining its fatalist errors which it committed right form the start: this is why it gained the name of pseudo-concreteness. Cursed through a specific anti-sociological tendency caused by an anti-empiricist vision of history, their theories virtually (not conceptually) exclude the influences of society on philosophy: they are the end result of the era of Kulturkampf, in which idealism tried to battle positivism, naturalism and historicism. Husserl even defines this philosophical battle as the very struggle of existence. The formulation of the Eidos becomes performance. Aristotle used Eidos synonymous to genus and species. Hence the amplitudes of these philosophies foster the metaphysical standpoint of race, that got out of hand in the Nazi Era and even later on. The “topic” of blood and soil appears in Husserl's definition of Heimwelt and his Eurocentrism. Phenomenology is in no case to blame for National Socialism, and that it has very little to to with its causes. My work simply tries to make the same analogy that Marx had made for Hegel. It tries to describe, how two leading philosophers of the German Bourgeoisie are reproducing the categories of their surrounding society without even really observing it
Lucero, David Zachary, and David Zachary Lucero. "Historicizing Sexuality: Materialism, Recent Trends, and Surplus Populations." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625073.
Full textKennedy, S. B. "Analytical Marxism and Marx's theory of history : a realist critique of G.A. Cohen's historical materialism." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637776.
Full textZalla, Tiziana. "Unite et multiplicite de la conscience : une etude critique des theories contemporaines a la lumiere d'une hypothese modulariste." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EPXX0047.
Full textThe thesis is composed of four parts. In the first part, i present the theoretical and historical framework of the problem of consciousness. In the first chapter, an overview of the conceptual and methodological background is given in order to define the problems i shall raise. In the second chapter, i set out the hypothesis and the arguments in favor of the existence of phenomenal properties of consciousness. The third chapter exams some projects of naturalisation of consciousness proposed by neuroscience. I show how, and to what extent, such theories can help understanding of conscious processes. In the second part of the thesis, i deal with the conceptual problems due to the ambiguity of the notions of "qualia" and of "phenomenal consciousness", such as those put forward by philosophers of mind. In the fourth chapter, i present several cases of dissociation between implicit and explicit knowledge which empirically justify the conceptual distinction between cognitive consciousness and phenomenal consciousness. The phenomenon named "feeling of knowing", seems to suggest the psychological reality of these two types of consciousness. In chapter 5, i critique the high-order theory of consciousness. In the third part, i put forward a modularist conception of phenomenal consciousness. The sixth chapter deals with the idea according to which phenomenal properties depend on a modular device specialised in the processing of perceptual and proprioceptual information. Chapter 7 is focused on intentionality and consciousness
Wolf, Thomas. "Etude de nanojonctions Josephson à haute température critique en vue d'applications térahertz." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00575929.
Full textFrachet, Mehdi. "Etudes ultrasonores de l'état normal des cuprates supraconducteurs à haute température critique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY063.
Full textIn cuprates, copper oxides, an unconventionnal superconductivity appears by chemical doping between a Mott insulator and a correlated Fermi liquid. Beyond superconductivity, the phase diagram includes multiple broken symmetry phases, including spin and charge density waves. All these phases interact together and with superconductivity, in a complex way. A deeper knowledge of this phase diagram is without doubt a necessary step toward the resolution of the high-Tc enigma. In this aim, we propose in this experimental thesis to measure velocity and attenuation of sound in the low temperature normal state of cuprates, using high magnetic fields.The first (main) part of this thesis focus on the magnetism of La2-xSrxCuO4 (LSCO). In this compound, an antiferromagnetic glass competes with superconductivity. By applying high magnetic fields of the order of 90 T we show that, when superconductivity is weakened enough, the antiferromagnetic glass disappears together with the pseudogap. The persistence of this order up to p*, and the associated ordered magnetic moment, could explain recent observations at p* without necessarily implying that the pseudogap is an ordered phase. Among them are the fall of the Hall number and quantum criticality signatures observed in different cuprates.The shorter second part deals with a related topic: the two distinct charge density waves (CDW, 2D and 3D) of YBa2Cu3O6+_ (Y-123). By performing sound velocity measurements in high magnetic fields we constrain the doping range of the 3D CDW and show that the latter is unlikely at the origin of the Fermi surface reconstruction. Sound velocity measurements also allow the determination of dTc/dεi, the Tc's susceptibility to a given elastic deformation. The complex and anisotropic doping dependence of dTc/dεi cannot be easily reconcile alone with a scenario of competition between CDW(s) and superconductivity
Benoit, Audrey. "Le matérialisme discursif : pour une critique féministe de la construction idéologique du "sexe"." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H229.
Full textThis analysis starts by pointing out a reluctance in the French Marxist reception of Judith Butler's feminist theories, mainly those regarding the discursive construction of « sex » by «gender». This apparent conflict between materialism and constructivism encourages us to look upstream for a materialistic solution to the epistemological issue of the conceptual construction of «facts». By getting back at the root of Marx, one can indeed show that his thought has provided input into Althusser's and Foucault's reflections for the development of a materialistic approach of discourse, which may be qualified as contructivist. In the light of Canguilhem's historical epistemology, some philosophical kinship between Althusser and Foucault takes shape, which provides a previously unseen posterity to Marx : the examination of two features of «discursive materialism» in Foucault's archeology and in Althusser's epistemology enables to make null and void the empiricist objections at the idea of a discursive construction of «sex». The goal is to pro vide a philosophical junction between Marxist materialism and queer theory, by highlighting a tradition of thought which combines the contributions of historical epistemology and materialism, and which takes seriously into consideration the production of nature and body by discourse. The goal is to provide Butler's theory with the means to be heard as a materialistic account, and in return to specify for marxism what it might gain when this theory challenges the given facts
Kuehne, Jan (Jan Cavan). "The impact of materialistic monism and suffering on medical students :a critique of the biomedical and biopsychosocial model of medical schools." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18209.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: On entry to medical school, students are confronted with a worldview that can be typified as materialistic monism. The student progressively becomes a materialistic monist, not only because of the teaching, but also because medical schools fail to address the question of suffering. One would expect the biopsychosocial model to surmount the limitations of the biomedical model, but it in itself has to deal with both suffering and materialistic monism. Suffering cements the collapse into materialistic monism in the way the student practises medicine. What life strategies would transcend this materialistic monism? This thesis examines potential educational interventions that might help the student to analyse the philosophy of medical school and find ways of dealing with the question of suffering.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met toelating tot mediese skool word studente gekonfronteer met ’n wêreldsiening wat as materialistiese monisme beskryf kan word. Die student verander progressief in ’n materialistiese monis, nie slegs as gevolg van die onderrig nie, maar ook omdat mediese skole nie daarin slaag om die kwessie van lyding aan te spreek nie. ’n Mens sou verwag dat die biopsigies-sosiale model die beperkinge van die biomediese model sou oorkom, maar instede moet dit self beide lyding en materialistiese monisme aanspreek. Lyding moedig die verval in materialistiese monisme in die wyse waarop die student geneeskunde beoefen aan. Watter soort lewensstrategieë is nodig om hierdie materialistiese monisme te transendeer? Hierdie tesis ondersoek die opvoedkundige intervensies wat die student kan help om die mediese skool se filosofie te analiseer en wyses te vind om die kwessie van lyding te hanteer.
Nouët, Clotilde. "L'hétéronomie du discours : une approche critique de la philosophie politique de Jürgen Habermas." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H224.
Full textIn this dissertation I offer a critical examination of Jurgen Habermas’s political philosophy while questioning the conception of discourse which it is grounded in. From his first texts on the “public space” to the legal and political theory elaborated in Law and Democracy, Habermas explores the intuition that it is through a certain practice of argumentative discourse that spaces of communication, deliberation and decision are formed, the vitality of which is crucial to a truly “radical” democracy. The theory of discourse underpinning his political thought must hence be reconstructed at the different levels it operates on, including the practice of ordinary language through which we communicate in everyday life, the discourse we apply as political subjects when we claim rights in the public space, and the discourse which enables us to form arguments from a moral point of view when principles of justice need to be determined. My thesis supports the idea that fundamental norms of discourse, which Habermas establishes on a quasi-transcendental level, must be confronted to the heteronomy of material conditions of discourse. The materialist-derived philosophy which Horkheimer strove to reconstruct in the 1930s paves the way for this analysis. I therefore reconstitute the debate within the Frankfurt School on the question of how Marx’s historical materialism should be interpreted
Huang, Weichun. "Acoustic properties of natural materials." Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA1031/document.
Full textStraw-inspired metamaterials for sound absorption are investigated in this Thesis. A straw stack is idealized as a highly concentratedresonant anisotropic porous medium constituted of a periodic arrangement of densely packed cylindrical hollow tubes. The approach tothis metamaterial relies on the two-scale asymptotic homogenization of a permeable array of perfectly rigid resonators, where the physicsis further enriched by tailoring inner resonances. The main features of such sound absorbing medium are the possibility for the effectivecompressibility to become negative around the tube resonance and the drastic reduction of the effective sound speed (slow sound) at verylow frequency in the system. Moreover, an optimal configuration for sound absorption is designed, based on the critical couplingcondition, in which the energy leakage out of the open resonant system is perfectly compensated by the intrinsic losses induced by thevisco-thermal losses both in the anisotropic matrix and in the resonators. Impedance tube measurements are performed on 3-D printedsamples with controlled parameters to validate the theoretical results. This metamaterial is a sub-wavelength absorber that can achievetotal absorption at a very low frequency and possesses a quasi-band-gap around the tube resonance. Furthermore, the anisotropic nature ofthe configuration gives rise to high absorption at low-frequency range for all incidences and diffuse field excitation. It paves the way tothe design of angular and frequency selective sound absorber. To conclude, the results of this Thesis show that straw is a good candidatefor perfect sound absorption
Paschall, Steven. "Metaphrastic materiality : the typographic archive of Ezra Pound and Susan Howe." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0108.
Full textSet against the tradition of the 20th-century poet-historian, the documentary poetics practiced in distinct yet related ways by Ezra Pound and Susan Howe serves as the basis of this study's investigation of the complex materiality underpinning each writer's compositional process. Pound's "Malatesta Cantos" and Howe's "Melville's Marginalia" are the focus of detailed analysis specifically grounded in the archival materials for each sequence in order to explore the development of typographic metaphrasis. Throughout this critical work, Steven Paschall sets the processes of materiality's signification in parallel to Pound and Howe's conceptions of, and engagements with, the historical archive and literary production. Pound's reading of the quattrocento and the saga of Sigismondo Malatesta, and Howe's reading of marginalia and manuscript drafts, resulted in unique source-based poems, the structural and formal techniques of which redefine conventional notions of historiography and interpretative poetic practice. In addressing the mechanics of literary appropriation, editing written language, and the visio-spatial page, Paschall asserts a genealogical thread between the archival materiality of Pound's "poem containing history" and the visual experiments in articulation of Howe's palimpsestic reconfigurations thereof
Yenisoy, Eylem. "The Critiques Of The Enlightenment By Max Horkheimer And Theodor Adorno And Their Understanding Of A New Method And Philosophy." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608105/index.pdf.
Full texts philosophy is their critique of the Enlightenment. They argue that the consequent of the Enlightenment has been the destruction of the Enlightenment itself. There are two main reasons in the background of this destruction. First of them is the destruction of individual because of the understanding of reason in the Enlightenment. Individuals cannot define their existence beyond the determined roles of society any more. The second reason is the certain distinction between the human beings and nature. The epistemology of the Enlightenment makes nature an object of knowledge and views the world as a summation of facts. This understanding makes subjects passive in providing the objectivity of knowledge. Accordingly, the subject is alienated from his or her knowledge. Horkheimer and Adorno&rsquo
s critical thinking provides possibility for the human autonomy. It tries to understand human beings and society in a dialectical process. It considers the relation between parts and the whole as a mutual relation. According to Horkheimer and Adorno, the relation between subject and object is neither an absolute duality nor an absolute unity.
Cosenza, Mario. "Jacques André Naigeon (1735-1810) tra ombre e Lumi." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://bdr.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2020/2020PA100025/2020PA100025.pdf.
Full textA study about Jacques-André Naigeon (1735-1810) could only be based on an biographical reconstruction’s attempt, in order to present the publisher-philosopher in an integral way. This dissertation is designed to develop on several topics in order to mix Naigeon's life with some "cultural" events that affected his life. Each chapter proposes the development of one of the founding themes of the Enlightenment, trying to build a dialogue between the existence of the philosopher and the interpretations provided by the most advanced historiography.The studies mention Jacques-André Naigeon giving the image of a character entirely subordinated to his two tutelary gods, Diderot and d'Holbach, while, instead, on closer inspection, Naigeon is not completely confused with the figures of his master and his "colleague", and his personal thinking (especially his atheism and his materialism) is not uninteresting.Throughout his life, Naigeon was an encyclopedist; “éditeur”; he even tried to earn political credit, at the debut of the Revolution, by writing a furious writing against some concepts of the Déclaration des droits de l'homme and sending it to the first Assemblée Nationale; he assumed the role of chief editor of the Philosophie ancienne et moderne’s section of the Encyclopédie Méthodique; at the end, he became a member of the Institut de France in 1795. He frequented many prominent personalities, so that he could thus feel all the disappointment of an intellectual who was integrated into the cultural system but at the same time was completely neutralized. The silence and secrets of his later years are far more significant and full of meaning than what one might think
Uno studio su Jacques-André Naigeon (1735-1810) non poteva che basarsi su di un tentativo di ricostruzione biografico, al fine di presentare l’editore-filosofo in maniera integrale. La tesi è pensata per svilupparsi su più fronti, in modo da far dialogare la vita di Naigeon con alcuni eventi “culturali” che più hanno inciso sul suo incedere. Ogni capitolo propone lo sviluppo di uno dei temi fondanti del secolo dei Lumi francese, cercando di costruire un dialogo tra l’esistenza del filosofo e l chiavi di lettura fornite dalla storiografia più avanzata.Gli studi menzionano Jacques-André Naigeon dandone l’immagine di un personaggio del tutto subordinato ai suoi due numi tutelari, Diderot e d’Holbach, ma, invece, ad uno sguardo più attento, Naigeon non si confonde del tutto con le figure del suo maestro e del suo “collega”, e il pensiero personale, in particolare il suo ateismo e materialismo, non è privo di interesse.Nel corso della sua vita, Naigeon fu enciclopedista; editore; tentò inoltre di accreditarsi politicamente, al debutto della Rivoluzione, rivolgendo un furioso scritto contro alcuni concetti della Déclaration des droits de l'homme e inviandolo alla prima Assemblée Nationale; assunse il ruolo di editore capo della sezione di Philosophie ancienne et moderne dell’Encyclopédie Méthodique; divenne, infine, membro, nel 1795, dell’Institut de France. Frequentò molti personaggi in vista, e poté così sentire su di sé tutta la delusione di un intelletuale il quale fu integrato nel sistema culturale per essere completamente neutralizzato. Il silenzio e i segreti dei suoi ultimi anni sono molto più significativi e carichi di senso di ciò che si potrebbe pensare
Collamati, Chiara. "La ragione dialettica come esperienza critica : praxis, storia ed etica nella filosofia di Jean-Paul Sartre." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20142/document.
Full textThe aim of this research is to delineate, within the Sartrian thought of the Sixties, the mobile perimeter inside which to define ethics as the overcoming possibility for a critical thought. In other words: as the subjective assumption of its political dimension. The shift of Sartre’s historical-political thought follows a development not yet studied enough by scholars. The manuscripts of the Sixties about dialectical ethics appear as the fundamental completion of the dialectical experience of the Critique de la Raison dialectique (1960). Sartre was not able to publish the second part of the book during his life: indeed, the blockage of that work is the result of the structural limit of every attempt to conceptualize historical experience. In the Critique, the possibility to make a single history intelligible depends on a refoundation of dialectics as research method for concrete historical reality. Starting by such refoundation, it becomes possible to define the epistemological basis of a historical structural anthropology, and the conditions for the insurgence of human collective action at the same time. In our interpretation, this approach is out of a future perfect’s logic that means out of the core of the modern sovereignty’s system. Once fixed those points, the research moves around two principal problematic axis. The first evaluates the methodological and epistemological accuracy of Sartre’s attempt to formulate a theory of knowledge for Marxism, considering this one as a theoretical-practical experiment yet to be done. At this point, Sartre’s regressive-progressive method is compared to Marx’s method of critique of political economy, evaluating affinity aspects and overcoming lines. Around the second axis, transverse to the first, the more properly historical-political plexus finds its profile: the dialectical comprehension of events connoting subjectively (that means politically) historical time’s flow isn’t detachable from questioning about the historicity of subjects involved in this flowing. For this reason, in the Sartrian thought of the Sixties the subjectivity’s status is analyzed questioning the normative disposition of social sphere: focusing on normativity allows to understand the mutual implication of subjectification and objectification, in addition to locating basis for a Marxist axiology. Moreover, this perspective allows to improve historical effectiveness of praxis’s ethical dimension. This one is the lens by which Sartre analyzes both Stalinism and colonial liberation struggles, but also the point of clarification of the torsion he imposes to the notion of longing. Materialistically, with the longing Sartre discovers the root of an ethics as the necessary step for every politics
Il lavoro di ricerca si propone di circoscrivere, all’interno del pensiero sartriano de-gli anni ’60, il perimetro mobile entro cui si definice l’etica come possibilità ulteriore del pensiero critico, come assunzione soggettiva della sua politicità. Lo spostamento operato nella riflessione storico-politica di Sartre si compie in una direzione – seguita finora solo parzialmente dagli interpreti ‒ volta ad assumere i manoscritti degli anni ’60 sull’etica dialettica come complemento fondamentale dell’esperienza critica condotta nella Critique de la Raison dialectique (1960) ‒ il cui blocage, esito di un limite struttu-rale ed interno ad ogni concettualizzazione dell’esperienza storica, impedirà la pubbli-cazione del secondo tomo dell’opera. Nella Critique, la possibilità di rendere una storia intelligibile è sospesa alla rifondazione della dialettica come metodo d’indagine del concreto storico. A partire da tale rifondazione è possibile determinare tanto le basi epi-stemologiche di un’antropologia storica e strutturale, quanto le condizioni d’insorgenza dell’agire in comune degli uomini. Nella nostra lettura, tale prospettiva si sottrae alla logica del futuro anteriore, caratterizzante il moderno dispositivo sovranista. Fissati questi punti, la ricerca ruota attorno a due assi problematici principali. Il primo valuta, su un piano al contempo metodologico ed epistemologico, la tenuta del tentativo sar-triano di fornire una teoria della conoscenza al marxismo, reso possibile dalla convin-zione che quest’ultimo sia un esperimento teorico-pratico ancora da compiere. A questa altezza, il metodo regressivo-progressivo di Sartre viene confrontato con quello adottato dal Marx critico dell’economia politica, per valutarne i punti di vicinanza e di supera-mento. Attorno al secondo asse, trasversale al primo, si profila il plesso più propriamen-te storico-politico: la comprensione dialettica degli eventi che connotano in senso sog-gettivo (e quindi politico) il corso del tempo storico, non è separabile da un’interroga-zione sulla storicità dei soggetti che, in tale movimento, sono implicati. Per questo mo-tivo, lo statuto della soggettività nel pensiero sartriano degli anni ‘60 viene analizzato mediante un’interrogazione sul carattere normativo del sociale: il focus sulla nozione di normatività permette infatti da un lato, di comprendere l’interiorità reciproca di sogget-tivazione ed oggettivazione e, dall’altro, d’individuare le basi per un’assiologia marxi-sta. Tale prospettiva consente di valorizzare l’efficacia storica della dimensione etica 4 della praxis, attraverso cui Sartre analizza i problemi posti dallo stalinismo e dalle lotte di liberazione coloniale, ma anche d’illuminare la torsione cui egli sottopone la nozione di bisogno per farne, materialisticamente, la radice di un’etica che diviene passaggio obbligato per ogni politica
Oliveira, Maria Angélica Albuquerque Moura de. "A especificidade da forma jurídica como relação ou norma: a teoria jurídica materialista de Pachukanis e sua crítica ao normativismo de Kelsen." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2017. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9628.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The specificity of the legal phenomenon is a lasting debate in the field of legal philosophy. In his materialist theory of law, Pashukanis found the specificity of law in the realm of social relations. The legal form, Pashukanis argues, is the form of a specific social relation: it developed directly out of the exchange of commodities in the capitalist market place. Thus, the legal form is an inherently bourgeois phenomenon. In a society in which social relations appear as an endless chain of legal relations, the legal subject is a fundamental element, as it is a necessary abstraction for the grasping of law as a concrete totality. Kelsen gives precedence to the legal norm as the element able to make a relation into a legal relation, as he conceives law as a coercive order: this, for Kelsen, is the specificity of the legal phenomenon. With a legal science that disregards the historical determinations of its object, Kelsen – the most notable among neo-Kantian legal philosophers – has reached the complete split between “is” and “ought”, separating normativity from reality, and thus law from social life. Insofar as Kelsen’s pure theory of law represents the most complete theoretical expression of an autonomised modern law, apprehended by its superficial movement, the dialogue with the Marxist critique of law by Pachukanis is a prolific field of reflections on the complexity and the contradictions of the legal phenomenon. This dissertation is an attempt to revive the theoretical contribution by Pashukanis by following his critique of Kelsen's legal science. To do this, we are going to use mainly Pashukanis’ and Kelsen’s main work, respectively: The general theory of law and Marxism, 1924; and Pure the of law, in its second German edition, 1960. Also, the criticisms directed to one another, regarding the core of their legal theories, will constitute a primary source for this research.
A questão da especificidade do fenômeno jurídico é um lugar persistente nos debates jusfilosóficos. Pachukanis, em sua teoria materialista do direito, logrou encontrá-la na arena das relações sociais, considerando o direito como relação social específica vinculada à sociabilidade capitalista: a relação de troca mercantil sendo aquela relação que se expressa, especificamente, sob a forma jurídica. Assim, em uma sociedade que se apresenta como um cadeia de relações jurídicas, o sujeito de direito figura como elemento fundamental, sendo uma mediação imprescindível para a apreensão do direito como totalidade concreta. Em Kelsen há a primazia da norma como elemento capaz de dotar de juridicidade uma relação, na medida em que este concebe o direito como ordenamento coercitivo externo, residindo aí a sua especificidade. Com uma ciência do direito que despreza as determinações históricas do seu objeto, Kelsen – o mais notável entre os filósofos do direito neokantianos – chegou à completa cisão entre ser e dever-ser, apartando normatividade e realidade, e assim direito e vida social. Na medida em que a teoria pura do direito kelseniana representa a mais acabada expressão teórica do direito moderno autonomizado e apreendido a partir do seu movimento superficial, o diálogo com a crítica marxista do direito de Pachukanis se mostra um campo profícuo de reflexões acerca da complexidade e das contradições do fenômeno jurídico. Nesta dissertação, pretende-se a retomada da contribuição teórica de Pachukanis guiada pela crítica deste ao pensamento jurídico de Kelsen. Isto será feito, sobretudo, a partir da obra principal de cada autor: Teoria geral do direito e marxismo, de 1924; e Teoria pura do direito, em sua segunda edição alemã, de 1960. As críticas reciprocamente direcionadas entre Kelsen e Pachukanis, atinentes ao cerne de suas teorias, também constituirão uma fonte primária desta pesquisa.
Carpier, Yann. "Contribution à l’analyse multi-échelles et multi-physiques du comportement mécanique de matériaux composites à matrice thermoplastique sous températures critiques." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMIR28/document.
Full textThe increasing use of thermoplastic-based composite materials in the aeronautical industry requires a better understanding of their mechanical behavior when exposed to radiant heat flux (consequence of a fire exposure). This study, which examines the thermo-mechanical behavior of quasi-isotropic woven laminates composed of PPS reinforced with carbon fibers, is divided into 3 parts. First, the thermal decomposition of the material and the evolution of its mechanical properties with temperature is studied. These data help to understand the behavior of these materials subjected to combined loads (radiant heat flux and tensile or compressive loadings). The last part aims to identify the material parameters necessary for thermo-mechanical simulation at macroscopic and mesoscopic scales
Rowe, Chris William Nicholas. "An Analysis of Psychologist Postdoctoral Psychopharmacology Training Materials for Critiques of Neurobiological Hypotheses of Depression's Etiology, Critical Analyses of the DSM's Rigor, and for Consumer/Survivor/Ex-Patient Content." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1473104145.
Full textChan, Yu-Chieh. "Du travail postfordiste vers la pratique nouvelle matérialiste et posthumaniste : un art en devenir-avec." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0e68a678-4ffa-4221-b455-1eafbfd5f69a.
Full textThis dissertation aims to question the phenomenon of going beyond the dualism that emerges during the passage from the postfordist context of production, to another context that we try to examine according to the approach of the current of new materialism. It is a watermark and finally, the machine of abstraction and speculation, and therefore creativity in our current era of real abstraction, financial, cognitive capitalism and the Anthropocene. From the posthumanist point of view that claims that everything is material in process, we propose to rethink the practice of creativity, the practitioner, and the coming common world in terms of the entanglement of becoming, which is transformed into "becoming-with". This thesis is divided into three parts: The first, based on Paolo Virno and Gilbert Simondon to examine artistic productions, as a creation of social and collective form, whose overriding tendencies are omnipresent and question autonomy, the alienation and the production of subjectivity. In Part 2, to delineate the relationship between creativity and the overcoming of dualism, we will rely on the speculative thinking of Alfred North Whitehead, particularly in comparison with the idea of real abstraction and speculation as production. Then, we will explore the idea of speculative engagement, and cosmopolitics with Isabelle Stengers, Latour Bruno, Donna Haraway in an aesthetic-politico-ecological and posthumanist approach. In Part 3, we will study the various thoughts of new materialism, including those by Manuel De Landa, Bruno Latour, Rosi Braidotti, and Karen Barad, who emphasize the agency of matter by questioning dualism. Thus, we propose to rethink the work and the public, as an assembly of human-non-humans, and the transformative effect of art in the "becoming-with," which lies between the subject and the posthumanist practice, which acts as a correspondence with material flows in an ecology of practice
Mortari, Virgilio. "Avant-garde et révolution. Pour une critique des implications politiques de la théorie du cinéma d’avant-garde, avec l’étude du cas de Jean Epstein." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030026.
Full textFaced with the institutional and hegemonic ideological reappropriation of the emancipatory pretensions of what we call « Avant-Garde Art », this research aims at questioning the ideological and the social assumptions of such a paradoxical situation. Considering that cinema offers the most fertile research field, and confronting some of the most important recent studies on avant-garde cinema, this work criticizes the formalist approach while endeavouring to understand its ideological and political stakes in order to rethink, not only the concept of « Avant-Garde Art », but also Modernity and the vision of the Modern Age itself. Conceiving modernisation as a process of secularisation and democratisation of the socio-cultural spheres, the dynamics between critics and apology of the institutions, between stylistic or technical tradition and innovation, might rearrange themselves – according to a dialectical-materialist approach – as positions taken when faced with ideological and political conflicts related to the progress of Modernity and the discovery of its limitations. Intertwining poetical gestures with their ideological premises while leaving behind the definition that reduces Avant-Garde Art to a series of abstract formal breaches, we are led to acknowledge an evolution of Avant-Garde tendencies, reciprocally conflictual, reactionary and progressive. With this in mind and contrary to the hegemonic critical and historiographical discourse, we have attempted to show the reactionary dimension of both the theoretical understanding and the political instrumentalization of cinema formulated by Jean Epstein
Neelsen, Sarah. "Les essais d'Elfriede Jelinek. Genre. Relation. Singularité." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030130.
Full textThis thesis discusses the work of the Austrian writer Elfriede Jelinek (Nobel Prize for Literature 2004) from its margins, from a corpus of “short texts” written from the beginning of her career beside her novels and plays. As occasional prose, these essays are grounded in a specific aesthetic paradigm, which this dissertation seeks to define by examining their original conditions of publication. This method brings to light that these are commissioned works, released on very different media formats than a book (journals, flyers, programs and the internet), which have their own mode of reception due to their volatility in space and time. The corpus is presented against the backdrop of Jelinek’s main work and its major turning-points. It is also set in the context of Austria’s post-1945 literature according to the author’s personal and professional network in order to reintegrate Jelinek in her generation. Three chapters are then dedicated to a detailed analysis of the texts. This thesis highlights the slow genesis of their main theme, the possibility of a feminine work of art. Then it studies three characteristics of their style - hollowing, paradox and liquidity. Lastly, it deals with the relation to the reader, conceived as jamming and interference, both allowing, at least for a time, to prolong the text’s meaning, as it otherwise tends to become more and more obscure. Relation and singularity are key notions of this thesis, considered as the main aesthetic and political issues of its corpus, being also part of the essayistic tradition, discussed through some canonical definitions (Lukács, Adorno, Barthes, Marielle Macé, Georg Stanitzek)
Sinéty, Jocelyn de. "Machiavel et le(s) machiavélisme(s) : l’esprit du droit." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100088/document.
Full textCommon sense and philosophy are arguing about the interpretation of Machiavelli’s works. The first one accuses him of being even worse than a sophist, because his historical part would have been to inoculate perversity in political practice and theory. Whereas the second one claims that he would be one of the first builders of modern political science, who would have thought with lucidity the conditions of reasons of State. At first, we try to defend the pertinency of those interpretations, which bring to light, both, a fundamental aspect of Machiavellian’s lessons: the necessity, on the one hand, of “getting into the evil” in politics, in order to rise the society out of anomie, and, on the other hand, the impossibility for the subject who resolves to do it of being well-intentioned and well-advised. The subject of Machiavellianism, indeed, is in a relation of strangeness to the objective institution of State and to universal; he wants and thinks his "stato", and not the State. Paradoxically, however, it is because he is endowed with malignity that he can take part in the effectiveness of right. We then try to show how Machiavelli strove to solve this paradox. His originality consists in not relying on the idealistic requisites of practical reason: neither those of social morality nor those of consequentialist ethics. From a materialistic perspective, he opts for an equivocal advice addressed to a plurality of recipients; narrow-minded recipients, with opposite appetites, but able to restrain and to enhance one another, in spite of themselves. Our thesis, finally, is that the "republic" performatively activated by his advice is a non-Hegelian state, an ecological balance order between socio-political powers of different but paired species
Martina, Piero Andrea. "La produzione manoscritta del romanzo francese in versi : modelli materiali e modelli di cultura." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL051.
Full textThis thesis intends focuses on the history of a literary genre, starting from the study of its manuscript production. The aim of the study is to investigate the relation between the text and the manuscript and the existence of a relation between a typology of text and a typology of manuscript. If it is possible, in a variety of texts can the same be accomplished for the ‘verse romance manuscript’ as well? Research on the entire manuscript production of medieval romans en vers allowed us to trace the material models and codex typologies associated with this genre. It also enabled us to retrace the history of this genre, its diffusion and some aspects of its fortune, also giving us some valuable insights into the copyists’ awareness of their work and their cultural role. The presence of key points is particularly interesting and leads to new research perspectives, especially with respect to the way these texts were read. Together with the study of five aspects of the relationship between the text and its manuscript context (production of texts, production of manuscripts, codices’ dimensions, layout, collection), the thesis includes a catalogue of selected novels and a catalogue of manuscripts – intact or fragmentary – containing novels in verse
Bujor, Flavia. "Une poétique de l’étrangeté : plasticité des corps et matérialité du pouvoir (Suzette Mayr, Marie NDiaye, Yoko Tawada)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20051.
Full textThe poetics of strangeness is one of the expressions of a “return to the body” in contemporary fiction, a return through which fiction questions its own ability to depict society accurately. In the works of Suzette Mayr, Marie NDiaye and Yoko Tawada, the body appears as a strange object, the natural evidence of which can no longer be taken for granted. Its main characteristics are its plasticity, or even its tendency towards metamorphosis, and the fact that it bears the signs of domination. The poetics of strangeness can be viewed as the literary translation of the “queer materialist” turn operated in feminist studies to show how the production of subjectivity affects the dynamics of power while at the same time exposing the economically-determined, structural forms of domination. In the texts under study, the body is de-naturalized and simultaneously used as the sign of an intersectional history that shapes the narrative process. It is not so much the expression of a true identity as the fictional construction of a “situated standpoint”. That is why its strangeness cannot be separated from its narrative value : the description of a fictitious body allows to capture a certain perception of the world, to redefine narrative models, to create a “strange” use of language. These aesthetic mutations reflect, in terms proper to our corpus, a possible epistemological rupture, that leads to the reevaluation of the very “nature” of the body. Through a dialogue between theory and fiction based on their reciprocal strangeness, this thesis seeks to offer new perspectives on contemporary representations of the body and shed light on the literary reconfiguration of the social world it entails
Coissard, Guillaume. "Lectures matérialistes de Leibniz au 18e siècle." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN052.
Full textIn this dissertation, I study the unexpected reception of Leibniz's philosophy in the 18th century French materialism. The aim is to identify the leibnizian concepts, arguments or images that are used by La Mettrie, Diderot, d'Holbach and Helvétius to build their own thoughts. Three kinds of results are shown. Firstly, to understand better the origins of French modern materialisme and particularly its relationship to 17th century metaphysics. In this perspective, this stydy shows that materialists do not necessarilyu reject metaphysics but rather use it for their own goals. Secondly, to show the role of Leibniz in the in the elaboration of a so-called radical philosophy, which means to question the common idea that radicalism originates from spinozism. Lastly, by looking at the materialists uses of Leibniz's concepts, it tries to identify new possible interpretations of his philosophy, more precisely to consider the historical reception of leibnizian philosophy as a way to reveal his theoretical potential. This work is divided in two parts : in the first one, it studies the mediations by which Leibniz's philosophy was introduced in France in the 18th century (Wolff, Du Châtelet, Maupertuis). In the second one, it examines four different uses of the leibnizian philosophy, namely, in La Mettrie, Diderot, d'Holbach and Helvétius
Palese, Federico. "Modellazione statica e dinamica di gusci in materiale composito rinforzati da fibre curvilinee: vibrazioni libere, profili di tensione e deformazione, velocità critiche di rotazione." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Find full textCiantelli, Veronica. "Mythe et objet chez Walter Benjamin." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0062.
Full textThis thesis presents an analyse of Walter Benjamin's reflection on myth from a very special point of view : things. Hidden, forgotten, lost, dreamed, objects contain traces of the past, but also fears, whishes and fantaisies that have haunted (and are haunting) collective and individual imagination. Based on his early writings, more particurarly "On langage in general and human langage" and the fragments of perception, this study brought out the connection between word and thing on wich Benjamin based the possibility of an interaction between the imagination and the inanimate's materials. Receptacles of images and symbols, objects don't trigger off only the process of recollection, but they also evoke an original perception of reality - happier, said Benjamin. The question of myth cannot be ignored, in his attempt to define a new form of experience, höherer Erfahrung, wich would be able to integrate the spiritual. Elusive elements, the symbols that flow into the collective mythology indicate the fullness as well as the danger for knowledge to open up to a dimension that borders the irrational. Finally, this work seeks to bring back Benjamin's work in his rightful position in the debate on the anthropological, psychological and sociological aspects of myth that appeared in the inter-war period between Germany and France. Through a reconstruction of biographical and theoretical links that united the members of Berlin philosopher College of Sociology, this study emphasizes the importance of this fondamental relationship and so far almost unexplored
Charliat, Anne-Camille. "De la couleur comme phénomène lumineux à la lumière comme matériau pictural : chemins vers Mark Rothko et Pierre Soulages." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL199.
Full textThis doctoral thesis suggests questionning how light, a natural and physical phenomenon has also become a concept in the field of painting. Light, artifical or natural, is not only the mere driving force behind vision for the majority of beings in this world, it is also at the origin of colors, which result from the action of light on the eye. By interacting directly with the material, light produces color. Therefore, to think philosophically the concept of light in pictorial art would thus means first to understand the inner ways of color, which have been gradually recognized as the true specificity of painting. Intrinsically connected within any perceptive experience, light and color involve a physiological process paradigm which evolved in the course of the centuries. Color reveals a visible world whose bright origin still cannot be grasped by our perception, and painters have worked to release the invisible origin of the visible: light, the essence of the visibility. The role of the perceiving subject is then profoundly transformed as it becomes regarded as the active agent of the optical experience. The visible world, thus far a privileged shape of knowledge, is reconsidered according to the subjective characteristics of the eye. By becoming an object of knowledge, vision became associated to the fields of philosophy and experimental sciences. Most precisely, since the concept of light meets in their works such rich aesthetic problems which resonate with the artistic paradigms that belong to the history of painting, it is throughout an analysis of Mark Rothko’s and Pierre Soulages’s work that the research work has been focused in a second part
Horta, Arduin Rachel. "De la gestion des déchets à l'approvisionnement de matières secondaires : développement d'indicateurs pour la gestion des DEEE - focus sur la filière française." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0064.
Full textWaste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is among the key urban mining stream due to its composition and rising volume. Currently, in the European Union, WEEE chain performance is mainly assessed by technical indicators that aim to ensure system compliance with collection and recovery targets set by the WEEE Directive. The WEEE Directive and French regulation target higher collection and treatment rates in the coming years. Therefore, to ensure an increase in quantity and quality of e-waste collected, reused and recycled, it is necessary to improve our knowledge and control of the WEEE flows. The goal of this thesis is to establish a robust set of indicators covering multidimensional aspects related to the collection and treatment of WEEE. These indicators intend to improve the visibility on the progress of the WEEE official schemes in a circular economy. Different technical, environmental, economic and criticality priorities related to the recovery of raw materials from e-waste are assessed. The indicators are presented and validated with a case study focused on waste screens, considering data and particularities of the e-waste chain in France. The multidimensional approach presented in this study can support future policies and best practices in WEEE management in order to improve e-waste tracking and the recovery of (critical) raw materials. In so doing, more targeted WEEE management activities have the potential to extend the scope from waste and hazardous substances management to enhancing the supply of quality secondary raw materials
Millon-Hazo, Louise. "« Quelles bestes sont ce là ? » L’humanisme rabelaisien à l’épreuve de ses bestiaires." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA171/document.
Full textThis dissertation analyses François Rabelais’ bestiaries through the exploration of its antique and medieval sources. The first part of this thesis focuses on the way Rabelais distorts certain literary genres containing prototypical animal figures by reversing the epic paradigms associated with horses and boars, multiplying and merging farces and charivaris’ animals, and undermining the exemplary animals portrayed in the fables. The next part uncovers how the famous humanist plays with animal figures drawn from scholarly and serious writings such as encyclopedias, gnomic literature, and recipe books. The third part overturns this perspective to examine the aesthetical and sensory impact of these bestiaries on the reader and listener as well as the grotesque aesthetic they seem to thrive from. Overall, this investigation leads to a redefinition of the Rabelaisian humanism, which reveals itself through an abundance of animal images
Liu, Qiping. "An ecological return to harmony in Amy Tan's novels." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20073/document.
Full textComments on Amy Tan's novels mainly focus on what we associate with human culture, ignoring the material dimensions of existence that figure prominently in her novels. Influenced by the anthropocentric idea that the human being/the subject is superior to things/the object, critics mainly focus on the mother-daughter relation, the importance of language and memory and the conflicts of Chinese and American culture. However, in the context of the so-called “return to things,” “back to things,” and “turn to the non-human” which has become visible in the humanities since the 1990s, I concentrate on things, specifically on the interactions between humans and nonhumans in her novels. Under the influence of both American and Chinese culture, Tan breaks with the western tradition of binary opposition in which the subject is superior to the object. Qi-things include natural and man-made things, human beings, and even spiritual things and things in the textual world. Bringing the twenty-first century western revision of things into dialogue with Chinese philosophies, especially Taoism, this dissertation discusses the traits of Qi-things and how they interact with each other to foster an ecological return to harmony within the textual world that reconciles humans and non-humans, microcosm and macrocosm
Olcay, Taner. "Expressing Temporality In Graphical User Interface." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23102.
Full textRobache, Delphine. "La matérialité du texte dans Manhattan Transfer et USA de John Dos Passos." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA075/document.
Full textThe early novels of John Dos Passos are part of the modernist literary movement. They are characterized by an original organization of the words on the page. The text is no longer a monolithic block, but is divided into sections and its separations are highlighted by a vast paratext. It also contains a variety of collages presented in various styles and in different fonts. These observations are the starting point of this research, which focuses on the materiality of the text in the early novels of John Dos Passos, Manhattan Transfer and the trilogy USA, published between 1925 and 1938. These novels question the gaze of the reader on the text, showing what is placed in front of and around the eye of the observer. The reader becomes aware of what influences his vision. The novel displays its internal structure and various thresholds, allowing the reader to continue or to stop reading, to go backwards and to create connections between the different sections of the text. The novel displays how it has been constructed, highlighting that it is the product of the rearrangement of previous texts. This visible internal structure is also built out of gaps and empty spaces. It reflects the tension between the ambition to be exhaustive, to contain everything and to acknowledge the difficulty to tell a story. The interplay with the blank space on the page, the use of punctuation and phonetic indicators reinforce the written aspect of the text, while at the same time making the words stand off the page and resistant to closure
Cánovas, Vidal Ana Belén. "Poesía e historia en el último tercio del siglo XX español : el caso de Javier Egea (1952-1999)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30014/document.
Full textThe creative impulse resulting from the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) remained very vivid in the generations of poets who wrote in Spain in the 1950s; this is called social poetry, where authors as Blas de Otero, Gabriel Celaya or José Hierro are usually classified. The combative tone of the war years (Alberti, Hernández) then became resigned and only a hint of hope seemed to arise from this radically solidary poetry. A few years later, for a new poetic generation (Jaime Gil de Biedma, José Agustín Goytisolo, among others), it is no longer a question of writing a poem of circumstances, but of giving voice to their personal anxieties, even if those anxieties are closely linked to the collective future of their country. Usually it is considered that this type of committed poetry ended with the advent, in the 70s, of the Novísimos, a group of poets were seeking, on the contrary, to make a poetry at the antipodes of the mournful Spanish reality. These poets needed to actualize an outdated lyrical horizon and to give poetry a playful dimension absent from Spanish poetry since the avant-gardes of the years 20-30. Nevertheless, this highly criticized position was also a subversive reaction. For these young poets it was necessary to resolutely go forward and not let the Spanish poetry, which had known such brilliant hours, also plunge into the underworld of a dictatorial regime. This paradigm shift will in turn be seen in some way interrupted in the 80s by the poetic group La otra sentimentalidad, which returns to poetry closely linked to history. This period coincided with the arrival of the Socialists in power in 1982 and the movida, a social and cultural movement life which dynamited the Spanish manners. It will now be a question of conceiving literature as an ideological discourse and assuming its radical historicity. Javier Egea, founding member of the Grenada group and central figure of this work, strives not only to integrate the materialistic reflections in his work, especially in his capital collections (Troppo mare, 1984, Paseo de los Tristes, of 1982, and Raro de luna, of 1990), but also a poetry directly related to the historical events, especially in his dispersed or unpublished poems. This thesis proposes a reflection on this work and on the links between poetry and history in the last third of the Spanish twentieth century
Jarnouën, de Villartay Rozenn. "Être, c’est pour savoir. Approche syntaxique de la poésie de Guillevic." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040059.
Full textGuillevic’s poems are endlessly-repeated attempts to tell the ineffable in the world, to name it and to tame reality which is felt as a threat. These poems very often include the verbs "être" and "avoir" in definitional phrases, in turns of phrases which indicate something exists, in cleft sentences. Let it be noted that these sentences quite regularly break with commonly accepted grammatical rules. In this thesis, we intend to make a stylistic analysis which will rely on the syntactic and semantic study of the verbs "être" and "avoir". This study will use the text as a unit for analysis which implies that we consider that these verbs are meaningful only in so far as they connect with the whole poem they are part of. Our purpose is to bring to light the poet’s desire of giving substance to a world which is under constant threat of crumbling down, and fighting against its instability and frailty. We’ll also show that Guillevic’s poetics is a poetics of fragments. This writing features gaps, loopholes, elliptic phrases, and is well-suited to tell about a world which is falling apart, a lonely and fractured world. But it is more precisely the seat of a tension between splitting up and cohesion : for the poet, writing is fundamentally "poiein " and has got a repairing function. It consists in weaving again bonds between human beings and the world and in learning to live together. This poetics with an ethical dimension tries to define a new order, abolishing hierarchies in and through language : all the constituents of reality and the words in the sentence share the same importance. At last, defining living beings and things allows the poet to build an ontological project : on the one hand, being is leading an unremitting investigation to understand the world, on the other hand, and so far as reality is under control, being is living in the fulfilment of the instant
Dillard, Eguchi Patricia. "Satire du matérialisme dans le roman féminin britannique de 1778 à 1824 : Fanny Burney, Jane Austen, Suzan Ferrier." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00690631.
Full textGaffuri, Pierre. "Nouveaux matériaux pour des LED blanches éco-efficientes : hétérostructures à base de nanofils de ZnO et luminophores d'aluminoborates sans terres rares." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021GRALI004.
Full textThe widespread implementation of white light-emitting diodes (wLEDs), based on the blue electroluminescence of an LED and the yellow photoluminescence of a phosphor, represents a major opportunity to reduce global energy consumption. The performances of wLEDs are based on materials considered as critical, such as gallium and gallium/indium nitrides for the blue LED, and cerium doped yttrium aluminium garnet for the phosphor. The synthesis of these materials require costly and high-temperature physical and chemical deposition techniques. In this context, new non-critical materials have been studied and manufactured by soft chemistry methods: ZnO nanowires array as n-type semiconductor, and aluminoborate powders as phosphor. On the one hand, the mechanisms of the extrinsic doping and related modification of the growth of ZnO nanowires deposited by chemical bath deposition were investigated, showing the dominant roles of pH and precursor concentrations. Defects and complex defects incorporated in ZnO nanowires, crucial from an application point of view, greatly modify their optical and electrical proprieties. Their epitaxial growth on p-type GaN thin films forms heterojunctions whose electroluminescence properties are evaluated. On the other hand, aluminoborate-based phosphors powders were synthesized by the Pechini method, by substituting yttrium, usually present in the amorphous particles. The optimization of the new chemical compositions and thermal annealing offers a broad emission whose internal quantum luminescence efficiency exceeds 60 %. This study provides a better understanding of the trapping of carbon species, and their role in the luminescence. Eventually, consumer interest in such structures without critical materials and with low embodied energy is measured and offers optimistic prospects for their development
Martínez-Patón, Víctor. "Análisis histórico de la responsabilidad penal corporativa." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100063/document.
Full textThis thesis provides a comprehensive history of corporate criminal liability, from the Book of Genesis up to the rulings handed down by the Spanish Supreme Court in 2016. However, this history is not limited to a mere descriptive survey of authors or historical periods: instead, it constitutes a powerful critique of a doctrinal tradition which purports to find in the Latin maxim societas delinquere non potest the best argument to deny that corporations can be held criminally liable. Once that the concepts and ideas which lie at the basis of this thesis are established following the philosophical system known as “philosophical materialism”, founded by Spanish philosopher Gustavo Bueno, I present an inquiry on the heretofore unknown origins of the Latin maxim which I have been able to trace back to 1881, when its originator, Franz von Liszt coined it. After it I undertake a comprehensive reconstruction of the history of this idea, from which two major findings emerge: firstly, that the French revolutionaries never intended to reject corporate criminal responsibility and secondly, that the Spanish Supreme Court issued convictions against societies in the 19th century. On the basis of these facts, the end of World War II emerges as the key turning point in History when the Latin maxim acquired the status of a philosophical principle denying the ontological possibility of a society to be criminally responsible. A principle whose roots are not to be found in legal doctrine but in a political idea: the decision by the Allied powers that it was not Germany that was to be held responsible for war crimes, but rather only those Nazi Party organizations and hierarchy directly involved
La tesis presenta un estudio histórico completo sobre la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas, desde el libro del Génesis hasta las sentencias del Tribunal Supremo de 2016. Este estudio no se plantea únicamente como una mera descripción de diferentes autores o momentos históricos, sino como una reconstrucción crítica construida principalmente para identificar y destruir la doctrina que encuentra en la expresión latina societas delinquere non potest el argumento más importante para negar la responsabilidad penal corporativa. Una vez establecidos los conceptos y las ideas según el sistema filosófico llamado "materialismo filosófico", cuyo autor es el filósofo español Gustavo Bueno, se presenta un estudio de la frase latina, de origen desconocido hasta ahora. Por primera vez se identifica y se explica este origen: fue inventada por Franz von Liszt en 1881. Tras ello se presenta una reconstrucción completa de la historia de la idea en la que se descubren diversas novedades historiográficas, entre las que destacan el hecho de que la Revolución Francesa nunca pretendiera rechazar la responsabilidad penal corporativa y que el Tribunal Supremo español hubiera pronunciado sentencias condenatorias a empresas en el siglo XIX. Sobre la base de estos hechos, situamos al final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial el momento en el que la sentencia latina toma el sentido de imposibilidad ontológica de las corporaciones de cometer delitos y que según entendemos se basa en una idea política y no jurídica: la decisión de las potencias vencedoras de que Alemania no había sido culpable, sino solamente algunos jerarcas y corporaciones nazis
Durand, Anne. "L'anthropologie feuerbachienne : philosophie et praxis." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010544.
Full textFeuerbach's anthropological critique of Hegel's idealism has strongly influenced German materialists and humanists in the nineteenth-century as well as the following generations of thinkers. Even so particularly French scholars may still not recognize his contribution as central in the history of thought. The aim of my work is to present the development of Feuerbach's thought in particular how Feuerbach's early Hegelianism evolved into professing an empirical realism and materialist humanism, resulting in what was considered by Feuerbach himself as the negation of speculative German idealism. His critique of religion is fundamentally different from that of the French Enlightenment since according to him religion is not only fraudulent and deceptive, but also an essential anthropological feature. Essentially the thought of Feuerbach consists in a new interpretation of religion's phenomena, giving an anthropological explanation. For Feuerbach, the human subject was a complex weave of rationality and sensuality, affectivity and passivity, sociality and individualism. Contrasting with Marx's interpretation of Feuerbach, in this work 1 will study the role of the social praxis in Feuerbach's anthropology. Besides including a thorough reading of Feuerbach's work, my thesis will present a re-contextualisation of it in the Left Hegelian mouvement and after the March Revolution, as an additional rnaterial for my interpretation
Tragangoon, Arruck. "Etude d'assemblages multi-matériaux par boulonnage, par fixation avec insert et par collage d'une structure composite." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM048.
Full textTo reduce the weight of vehicles, the multi-material structures with composite materials have been used in the automotive industries. However, the joints are considered as the weakest parts of the structure. In this work, the joining methods used for metal/ composite automotive seat, including a mechanical joint, a threaded insert and an adhesive joint, have been studied. The components of the seat under consideration were made of woven composite (glass/PA6) and short fiber composite (glass/PA66). The mechanical behaviors of the studied materials, including adhesives, have been modeled based on the experimental results. For parts containing an open-hole and for mechanical joints, the characteristic volume has been used to determine the failure of woven composite. In the case of adhesive joints, the characteristic length has been used to determine the failure. Single lap shear tests and the torsion tests on a bonded structure were conducted and simulated. For the failure of short fiber composite structure, the material strength has been evaluated as a function of local fiber orientation. The tensile tests on the short fiber composite connecting rod were conducted and simulated. Finally, the proposed constitutive laws and failure prediction methods were applied for the simulation of the automotive seat under crash test condition
Devinant, Julien. "Les Troubles psychiques chez Galien : étude d’une approche philosophique et médicale de l’âme." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040101.
Full textThe study examines Galen of Pergamon’s philosophical, physiological and clinical ideas at play in his approach to psychic disorders; it is based on a commentary of texts collected from the entire available corpus. Disturbances of the soul are giving rise to a conflict of authority between medicine and philosophy in Antiquity. Galen’s engagement in both fields of knowledge as well as apparent tensions within his views on the soul expose the consistency of his works. The first chapter presents his theoretical approach to the problem and argues that the materialistic and teleological perspectives are indeed compatible both with each other and with his agnosticism about the nature of the soul. The second chapter shows that it is not an admission of weakness which would be at odds with his practice; it thus dismisses the idea that the doctor would aim to replace the philosopher. The last two chapters look into the reasons for it and underline a number of factors inhibiting the creation of an overbearing psychopathology; it is first shown that the physician assigns cognitive and emotional disorders to different categories and will mostly take direct action on the first one; a detailed reconstruction of the etiological theories engaged in his diagnostic and therapeutic practice then shows why it is nonetheless deemed difficult to take care of such disorders. The study thus aims at contributing to an unified reading of the Galenic corpus by showing that the tension between systematic thought and theoretical cautiousness finds solution in his practical goal
Milli, Pietro. "Giacomo Manzoni : son oeuvre et sa poétique." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR045.
Full textThis thesis, which consists of three parts, represents an introduction to Giacomo Manzoni’s (Milan, 1932) musical ideas. First part deals with eight dimensions of his work from an analytical point of view (material, time, dynamics, timbre, form, sound shapes, space and text). In the second part, which contains an analysis of Per Massimiliano Robespierre (1974) and Doktor Faustus (1988), two main axes of his poetics were examined: commitment and innovation. Last part conceptualizes the notion of materialism in his poetics, as it constitutes the basis of his musical praxis. To this end, Atomtod (1964), his third work for the stage, was analysed. Unpublished documents, like sketches of his works and a correspondence with Luigi Nono, were commented throughout the thesis. Appendices include a chronological and thematic catalogue of his works, a bilingual critical edition of the texts which he set to music, a French translation of his last book (Parole per musica) and a discography
Navarrete, Carolina. "La construction de la subjectivité dans les chroniques de Pedro Lemebel." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20038/document.
Full textThe objective of this study is to analyze the construction of various subjects in the chronicles of the Chilean writer Pedro Lemebel. The dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet and the implementation of neoliberalism have profoundly transformed Chilean society. The author retrieves these transformations from the subjects who participate in this reality, and who have no real place in the institutional, literary and artistic discourse. We meet cross-dressers, prostitutes, homosexuals, street children, vagabonds, mentally disturbed individuals, and women from the slums. We want to demonstrate how these invisible subjects represent the discursive strategies invoked to highlight the processes of subjection imposed by the economic, political and social system. Furthermore, how do these strategies emphasize corporeality as a means of resistance discourse or even possibly a political force? The research is based on three lines of thought. We discuss the questions of whether the author is the textual space most conducive to explore the individual subjects. We then address the mode of subjection and constitution by subjects (subjectivity) at the fringes of society. These groups have made desire and memory their fundamental principles. Finally, we study the various text strategies related to the concept of “nomadic theory” and “resistant body”. Thus, we analyze the notion of being nomadic as part of one’s identity, bodily metamorphosis, the dominance of the flesh and the transformation of the imaginary order issued from the corporeality. Theoretically, we take as reference the work of Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari and Rosi Braidotti