Journal articles: 'Materiale solubile e cellulato'

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Liska, R., F. Schwager, C. Maier, R. Cano-Vives, and J. Stampfl. "Water-soluble photopolymers for rapid prototyping of cellular materials." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 97, no. 6 (2005): 2286–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.22025.

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Taniguchi, Masayuki, Kazuhiro Hoshino, Kouichi Watanabe, Kazuhito Sugai, and Michihiro Fujii. "Production of soluble sugar from cellulosic materials by repeated use of a reversibly soluble-autoprecipitating cellulase." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 39, no. 3 (February 5, 1992): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260390306.

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Vo, Tan Phat, Nguyen Hong Nhung Duong, Thuy Han Phan, Thanh Phong Mai, and Dinh Quan Nguyen. "Optimized Cellulase-Hydrolyzed Deoiled Coconut Cake Powder as Wheat Flour Substitute in Cookies." Foods 11, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 2709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11172709.

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Deoiled coconut cake powder (DCCP) was hydrolyzed to reduce the ratio of insoluble/soluble dietary fiber (RIS) by partially converting insoluble dietary fiber to soluble using Celluclast 1.5 L, a commercial cellulase preparation in citrate buffer medium. Firstly, the influence of citrate buffer amount, enzyme concentration, pH, and retention time on the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was investigated. Then, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the process in which the insoluble and soluble dietary fiber contents were the responses. The results revealed that 10.3 g buffer/g of materials, 3.7 U/g of the materials, and 60 min of retention time were the optimal conditions for the enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain the insoluble and soluble contents of 68.21%db and 8.18%db, respectively. Finally, DCCP or hydrolyzed DCCP (HDCCP) was partially substituted for wheat flour at different replacement ratios in a cookie recipe at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%. The cookies with a 10% replacement ratio of hydrolyzed deoiled coconut cake powders had a lower RIS by more than two folds those of DCCP and had the same sensorial score as the control sample. This study proposed that Celluclast 1.5 L effectively reduced RIS by partially converting insoluble to soluble dietary fiber, improving the soluble dietary fiber content in fiber-enriched cookies.

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Schuster, Monika, Robert Inführ, Claudia Turecek, Jürgen Stampfl, Franz Varga, and Robert Liska. "Photopolymers for Rapid Prototyping of Soluble Mold Materials and Molding of Cellular Biomaterials." Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly 137, no. 7 (June 19, 2006): 843–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00706-006-0484-2.

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Bellamakondi, Pavan Kumar, Ashok Godavarthi, Mohammed Ibrahim, Ramachandra Naik M, and Rashmi Kanti Patel. "Pharmacognostic evaluation of selected species of Caralluma genus." Journal of Phytopharmacology 4, no. 1 (January 25, 2015): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2015.4107.

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Objective: To establish a set of standardized parameters this will assist in identification of raw material of Caralluma species. Materials: The present study reports, detailed set of parameters from four species, Caralluma lasiantha, Caralluma umbellata, Caralluma attenuata and Caralluma diffusa, for powder characteristics, physicochemical evaluation, HPTLC fingerprint profile, and quantitative estimation of phytoconstituents that would contribute in the correct identity of the raw materials. Results: Various prominent cellular components were observed under the microscopic study, extractive values showed the presence of more water soluble compounds and phytochemical analysis revealed the presence nearly eight classes of phytoconstituents. HPTLC analysis showed the marked differences among species. Conclusion: The results of the present study serve as valuable information for correct identification of plant and determine its genuinity.

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Carballo-Sanchez, Marco Polo, Ruben San Miguel-Chávez, Alejandro Alarcón, and Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato. "Polyphenol characterization in Azolla filiculoides after drying and enzymatic hydrolysis processes." BioResources 17, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 2074–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.2.2074-2083.

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Azolla filiculoides is an aquatic fern with the potential to become a source of raw materials in a biorefinery system, e.g., a source of soluble and insoluble carbohydrates, proteins, carotenoids, and polyphenols. The fiber chemical content was determined as cellulose (19.2% dry basis) and hemicellulose (7.6% dry basis) content. Azolla has no lignin as a cell wall structure material. Cellulase treatment showed no effect in ethanolic extraction, but polyphenols were found in the enzyme solution at the end of the reaction. The phenolic acids and flavonoids contents of those with health promoting activity were determined, with gallic, syringic, rosmarinic, and p-coumaric the most abundant acids; kaempferol, apigenin, and quercetin were the most abundant flavonoids. The results show that A. filiculoides is a valuable source of bioactive components and cellulosic materials.

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Busing, Wim M., and Marc J. C. de Jong. "The CM-CRYO: A Microscope Dedicated to Cryo-Electron Microscopy in Life Science Applications." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 1 (August 12, 1990): 176–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100179634.

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Low-temperature (cryo) electron microscopy has been established as a promising approach for alleviating technical problems encountered in electron microscopy of life science materials. Cryofixation freezes in the native situation of biological material, with the rapid freezing process preventing redistribution of water-soluble elements in cellular and non-cellular compartments. Thus it becomes possible to correlate tissue morphology with chemical and physical properties.The use of cryo techniques puts stringent demands on the electron microscope technology: an ultra-high vacuum, including special measures to tackle the water vapour released by the specimen; stable, low-drift cryo-temperature specimen holders; special functions providing low-dose imaging conditions; electron dose indicators; and a TV system for observation under low-level illumination. The new CM-CRYO combines these features with the ease of use of the CM microscope concept and the quality of the TWIN objective lens system.

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Su, Qiufang, Xianglu Li, Lexing Wang, Bochen Wang, Yifeng Feng, Huijuan Yang, and Zhengyang Zhao. "Variation in Cell Wall Metabolism and Flesh Firmness of Four Apple Cultivars during Fruit Development." Foods 11, no. 21 (November 4, 2022): 3518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11213518.

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Fruit ripening and softening are highly complex processes, and there is an interplay and coordination between the metabolic pathways that are involved in the biological processes. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the variation in the characters and possible causes of cell wall materials and morphological structure during apple fruits development. We studied the cell wall material (CWM), structure, cellular morphology, hydrolase activity, and the transcriptional levels of the related genes in four apple varieties ‘Ruixue’ and ‘Ruixianghong’ and their parents (‘Pink Lady’ and ‘Fuji’) during fruit development. The decrease in the contents of CWMs, sodium carbonate soluble pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose were positively correlated with the decline in the hardness during the fruit development. In general, the activities of polygalacturonase, β-galactosidase, and cellulase enzymes increased during the late developmental period. As the fruit grew, the fruit cells of all of the cultivars gradually became larger, and the cell arrangement became more relaxed, the fruit cell walls became thinner, and the intercellular space became larger. In conclusion, the correlation analysis indicated that the up-regulation of the relative expression levels of ethylene synthesis and cell wall hydrolase genes enhanced the activity of the cell wall hydrolase, resulting in the degradation of the CWMs and the depolymerization of the cell wall structure, which affected the final firmness of the apple cultivars in the mature period.

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Ngoc Minh, Bach, Huynh Hoan My, Hoang Kim Anh, and Ngo Ke Suong. "Optimization of protein extraction from green algae Chaetomorpha sp. by response surface methodology." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 3, no. 3 (December 22, 2019): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v3i2.864.

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Green brackish algae Chaetomorpha sp. are easily found in shrimp ponds in Mekong Delta, Vietnam. They can also be co-cultured with shrimps in brackish water shrimp ponds to increase shrimp health and yield. Chaetomorpha sp. algae contain high amount of protein from 10 to 20% w/w db, including water soluble protein and alkaline-soluble protein with over 88% total protein. Dried material were used for protein extraction by using cellulase enzyme (Crestone Conc., Genecor) and NaOH solution. In this research, we optimize the extraction condition of protein from green algae Chaetomorpha sp. by using response surface methodology (RSM). At optimal extraction conditions, dried material was used for protein extraction by using cellulase enzyme (Crestone Conc., Genecor) with the enzyme dosage of 121 UI/g db at 400C during 90 mins. After extraction, the slurry was centrifuged to separate the algae biomass residue to extract the alkaline-soluble protein. The protein extraction yield by using cellulase enzyme was 38.921 mg/g db. After that the, algae biomass residue was extracted by a 1.2% NaOH solution for 78 mins at 500C. The protein extraction yield was 68.651 mg/g db. The total protein extraction yield was 105.755 mg/g db. The extraction yield was increased 10.33% when using the response surface methodology. Concentrated algae protein can be used as a good protein source for food and feed products.

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Biagini, G., S. Stefoni, R. Solmi, C. Castaldini, R. Buttazzi, A. Rossetti, M. Mattioli Belmonte, et al. "Fibroblast proliferation over dialysis membrane: an experimental model for “tissue” biocompatibility evaluation." International Journal of Artificial Organs 17, no. 12 (December 1994): 620–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889401701202.

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The present study reports on a biological model based on fibroblast proliferation applied to 3 different types of flat-plate dialysis membrane, in order to ascertain whether the artificial materials currently used in hemodialysis cause in vitro cellular proliferation. The study plan we followed involved plate membrane isolation from non-used dialyzers and used dialyzers, observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) both before and after testing with human fibroblasts by means of cell culture. Fibroblast growth was assessed by phase contrast light microscopy examination and cytometric DNA content evaluation. Our investigations proved that the artificial materials we considered interact with fibroblast cultures. Noticeable proliferative response was observed both after contact with unused material and on mediation by the protein layer absorbed on the membrane surface at the end of dialysis sessions. In this last case fibroblast proliferative activity appeared higher than that observed with unused membranes, showing that the soluble molecules entrapped in the protein layer appeared able to exert a biological activity even in in vitro tests

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Trindade, V. M. T., J. L. M. Menegasso, and C. G. Salbergo. "Vitamins and Coenzymes: An Interactive Study." Revista de Ensino de Bioquímica 17 (September 13, 2019): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.16923/reb.v17i0.888.

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Introduction: Vitamins form a group of organic micronutrients without chemical relation, whose biosynthesis in humans is nonexistent or insufficient, being required in the diet. They have specific cellular functions and are precursors of coenzymes in the intermediate metabolism. They are classified as water-soluble and lipid-soluble. Water-soluble substances are subdivided into the group known as "non-complex B" and "B complex". The last one has three subgroups: vitamins that act on the energy metabolism (B1, B2, B3, B5 and B7), vitamins that act on hematopoietic metabolism (B9, and B12) and others (B6). Objectives: Considering the scarcity of interactive materials in the subject, this educational object aims to present interactively B vitamins showing: their chemical structures with their respective coenzyme forms, the reactions in which they are involved, their action mechanisms, food sources and consequences of their deficiencies. Materials and Methods: This material was developed with PHP web language, associated with HTML, CSS and Javascript for the creation and insertion of figures, hypertexts and animations. A questionnaire about interactivity, functionality and esthetics characteristics and general information levels was used for its evaluation. Results and Discussion: This educational resource presents web page properties, including the possibility of access by mobile devices. It is composed by flaps referring to the visual identity, tutorial and credits, followed by a start button that reveals a menu subdivided into 10 flaps corresponding to a conceptual introductory text, vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12 and an interactive questionnaire (www.ufrgs.br/vitaminas-b). The functionality, design, language, and interactivity characteristics were rated as excellent by 80% of basic biochemistry students. Conclusion: This digital educational resource can be considered an adequate teaching-learning tool, easily accessible to students in the health area, as well as to the general public.

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Orhon, D., N. Artan, and Y. Cimşit. "The Concept of Soluble Residual Product Formation in the Modelling of Activated Sludge." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 4-5 (April 1, 1989): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0236.

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The soluble effluent COD of a well operated activated sludge plant is likely to be composed almost entirely of organic matter generated by microbial activity. There is evidence to show that a significant portion of this soluble organic matter is non-degradable and may be due to similar microbial mechanisms. A model for the formation of these soluble residual products, (SRP), is propose'd, relating the SRP formation to the hydrolysis of non-viable cellular materials in the reactor. The set of equations describing the model are successfully calibrated and verified for a set of representative experimental data derived from Sequencing Batch Reactors. The model is found to explain and predict COD accumulation at the end of each cycle of these activated sludge systems.

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Gao, Tingting, Hongtao Bi, Shuai Ma, and Jingmei Lu. "The Antitumor and Immunostimulating Activities of Water Soluble Polysaccharides from Radix Aconiti, Radix Aconiti Lateralis and Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii." Natural Product Communications 5, no. 3 (March 2010): 1934578X1000500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1000500322.

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In the present study, the water-soluble polysaccharides of Radix Aconiti, Radix Aconiti Lateralis and Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii, were extracted and fractionated into four fractions of each material. The FT-IR and chemical analyses indicated the water-soluble polysaccharides of the three materials were all mainly composed of starch, non-starch type α-D-glucans and pectic polysaccharides with different molecular weight distributions and monosaccharide composition ratios. The antitumor assay showed that all the non-starch type polysaccharide fractions had good antitumor activities, and the tumor growth inhibition ratios were 37.24-70.42%. Specifically the inhibition ratios of pectic polysaccharides were over 60%. Moreover, the immunological tests using the Cyclophosphamide (Cy) induced immunosuppressive mice, including phagocytosis of macrophage, NK cell activity, concanavalin A (ConA)-induced T-cell proliferation, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced B-cell proliferation, quantitative haemolysis of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and dinitro-fluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response assays, exhibited that all the non-starch type polysaccharides, especially the pectic polysaccharide fractions, not only had remarkable immunostimulating activities including nonspecific immunity, cellular immunity and humoral immunity, but also could restore the antitumor drug-suppressed immune function. Therefore, the polysaccharides from Aconitum species might be conveniently exploited to be good immune stimulating modifiers and had the potential to apply in the tumor therapy.

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Yu, Yuanyuan, Jiugang Yuan, Qiang Wang, Xuerong Fan, Xiaoyan Ni, Ping Wang, and Li Cui. "Cellulase immobilization onto the reversibly soluble methacrylate copolymer for denim washing." Carbohydrate Polymers 95, no. 2 (June 2013): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.03.043.

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Litvack, Michael L., and Nades Palaniyar. "Review: Soluble innate immune pattern-recognition proteins for clearing dying cells and cellular components: implications on exacerbating or resolving inflammation." Innate Immunity 16, no. 3 (June 2010): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753425910369271.

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Soluble innate immune pattern-recognition proteins (sPRPs) identify non-self or altered-self molecular patterns. Dying cells often display altered-self arrays of molecules on their surfaces. Hence, sPRPs are ideal for recognizing these cells and their components. Dying cell surfaces often contain, or allow the access to different lipids, intracellular glycoproteins and nucleic acids such as DNA at different stages of cell death. These are considered as ‘eat me’ signals that replace the native ‘don’t eat me’ signals such as CD31, CD47 present on the live cells. A programmed cell death process such as apoptosis also generates cell surface blebs that contain intracellular components. These blebs are easily released for effective clearance or signalling. During late stages of cell death, soluble components are also released that act as ‘find me’ signal (e.g. LysoPC, nucleotides). The sPRPs such as collectins, ficolins, pentraxins, sCD14, MFG-E8, natural IgM and C1q can effectively identify some of these specific molecular patterns. The biological end-point is different depending on sPRP, tissue, stage of apoptosis and the type of cell death. The sPRPs that reside in the immune-privileged surfaces such as lungs often act as opsonins and enhance a silent clearance of dying cells and cellular material by macrophages and other phagocytic cells. Although the recognition of these materials by complement-activating proteins could amplify the opsonic signal, this pathway may aggravate inflammation. Clear understanding of the involvement of specific sPRPs in cell death and subsequent clearance of dying cell and their components is essential for devising appropriate treatment strategies for diseases involving infection, inflammation and auto-antibody generation.

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Tripathi, Kumud Malika, Tuan Sang Tran, Tran Thanh Tung, Dusan Losic, and TaeYoung Kim. "Water Soluble Fluorescent Carbon Nanodots from Biosource for Cells Imaging." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7029731.

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Carbon nanodots (CNDs) derived from a green precursor, kidney beans, was synthesized with high yield via a facile pyrolysis technique. The CND material was easily modified through simple oxidative treatment with nitric acid, leading to a high density “self-passivated” water soluble form (wsCNDs). The synthesized wsCNDs have been extensively characterized by using various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques and were crystalline in nature. The highly carboxylated wsCNDs possessed tunable-photoluminescence emission behavior throughout the visible region of the spectrum, demonstrating their application for multicolor cellular imaging of HeLa cells. The tunable-photoluminescence properties of “self-passivated” wsCNDs make them a promising candidate as a probe in biological cell-imaging applications.

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Wall, Johanna, Didem Ag Seleci, Feranika Schworm, Ronja Neuberger, Martin Link, Matthias Hufnagel, Paul Schumacher, et al. "Comparison of Metal-Based Nanoparticles and Nanowires: Solubility, Reactivity, Bioavailability and Cellular Toxicity." Nanomaterials 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12010147.

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While the toxicity of metal-based nanoparticles (NP) has been investigated in an increasing number of studies, little is known about metal-based fibrous materials, so-called nanowires (NWs). Within the present study, the physico-chemical properties of particulate and fibrous nanomaterials based on Cu, CuO, Ni, and Ag as well as TiO2 and CeO2 NP were characterized and compared with respect to abiotic metal ion release in different physiologically relevant media as well as acellular reactivity. While none of the materials was soluble at neutral pH in artificial alveolar fluid (AAF), Cu, CuO, and Ni-based materials displayed distinct dissolution under the acidic conditions found in artificial lysosomal fluids (ALF and PSF). Subsequently, four different cell lines were applied to compare cytotoxicity as well as intracellular metal ion release in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Both cytotoxicity and bioavailability reflected the acellular dissolution rates in physiological lysosomal media (pH 4.5); only Ag-based materials showed no or very low acellular solubility, but pronounced intracellular bioavailability and cytotoxicity, leading to particularly high concentrations in the nucleus. In conclusion, in spite of some quantitative differences, the intracellular bioavailability as well as toxicity is mostly driven by the respective metal and is less modulated by the shape of the respective NP or NW.

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Lina, Robin, Olivier Lepine, Pascal Jaouen, and Anthony Masse. "Recovery of Water-Soluble Compounds from Tisochrysis lutea." Membranes 12, no. 8 (August 5, 2022): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12080766.

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This work aims at studying the techno-economic feasibility to produce an extract, at a small industrial-production scale, from a Tisochrysis lutea’s paste, in view of cosmetic applications. The paste was first thawed, diluted and centrifuged to get a crude water extract. Then, two successive stages of membrane filtration were carried out: the first one to essentially remove/retain the particles (cellular debris) by microfiltration and the second one to concentrate (ultrafiltration) the soluble compounds of the permeate from the previous step. The robustness of the processing chain has been demonstrated following the production of three similar extracts with more than 30 L input material each. Around 54% of the final extract was composed of proteins and carbohydrates. The final ingredient was assessed for genomic activity and showed multiple positive responses. Finally, an economic analysis was performed, which demonstrated that the major cost is linked to centrifugation step. The total manpower represents the highest cost of the OPEX categories.

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Baier, Urs, and Peter Schmidheiny. "Enhanced anaerobic degradation of mechanically disintegrated sludge." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 11 (December 1, 1997): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0404.

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Mechanical disintegration - wet milling - was chosen to physically disrupt cellular material. By breaking up microbial or plant cell walls intracellular carbon sources as well as nutrients are made available for further anaerobic digestion. Ball milling consistently showed better disintegration results than high speed cutter milling. With respect to solubilisation of COD a high degree of cell disruption could be achieved in a variety of aerobic and anaerobic sewage sludges, where the fraction of soluble COD could be changed from 1–5% in original sludges to up to 47% after wet milling. In distillery slops and brewery residues milling failed to enhance soluble COD significantly. Anaerobic digestion testing showed a good digestability of the solubilized intracellular material and consistently enhanced overall COD-degradation of the sludges by a factor of 1.2–1.5. Net biogas production was enhanced in the same order of magnitude. Stabilised sludges showed a higher beneficial effect of wet milling than raw excess sludge.

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Verma, Nitin, and Vivek Kumar. "Influence of Sugars, Sugar Alcohols and Their Combinations on Environmentally Significant Cellulase Production Under Liquid State Fermentation." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, no. 1 (March 6, 2022): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i01.014.

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To expand the range of soluble carbon sources for enzyme production by the microbial system, we investigated the ability of different sugars in cellulase production. Carbon sources play a vital role in cell metabolism and the synthesis of cellulase. Although the insoluble cellulosic materials are considered the most effective natural inducers for cellulase production by microorganisms in terms of both enzyme yield and productivity, their insolubility causes many problems and presents a major drawback that is partly responsible for the high cost of cellulase production. Mostly, the insolubility of sugar polymer leads to difficult and complex fermentation operations, including sterilization, cell biomass measurement, mixing and aeration of the fermentation broth, continuous feeding/sampling, and subsequent enzyme purification. Second, cellulase gets absorbed into the solid cellulose surface, leading to enzyme loss. The present paper gives a comparative view on the utility of pure sugars (lactose, CMC, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, xylose, trehalose, arabinose) and sugar alcohols (sorbitol, mannitol) on cellulase production by various fungal strains. It also describes the blending effect of sugars as well as sugar alcohols on cellulase production by fungal strains.

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Green, Keith, Kenneth E. Cheeks, Linda Watkins, Karen A. Bowman, Thomas F. McDonald, Hiram Ocasio, Howard M. Deutsch, Linda C. Hodges, and Leon H. Zalkow. "Prostaglandin involvement in the responses of the rabbit eye to water-soluble marihuana-derived material." Current Eye Research 6, no. 2 (January 1987): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02713688709025185.

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Carnovale, Catherine, Daniela Guarnieri, Luisana Di Cristo, Isabella De Angelis, Giulia Veronesi, Alice Scarpellini, Maria Ada Malvindi, Flavia Barone, Pier Paolo Pompa, and Stefania Sabella. "Biotransformation of Silver Nanoparticles into Oro-Gastrointestinal Tract by Integrated In Vitro Testing Assay: Generation of Exposure-Dependent Physical Descriptors for Nanomaterial Grouping." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6 (June 17, 2021): 1587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061587.

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Grouping approaches of nanomaterials have the potential to facilitate high throughput and cost effective nanomaterial screening. However, an effective grouping of nanomaterials hinges on the application of suitable physicochemical descriptors to identify similarities. To address the problem, we developed an integrated testing approach coupling acellular and cellular phases, to study the full life cycle of ingested silver nanoparticles (NPs) and silver salts in the oro-gastrointestinal (OGI) tract including their impact on cellular uptake and integrity. This approach enables the derivation of exposure-dependent physical descriptors (EDPDs) upon biotransformation of undigested nanoparticles, digested nanoparticles and digested silver salts. These descriptors are identified in: size, crystallinity, chemistry of the core material, dissolution, high and low molecular weight Ag-biomolecule soluble complexes, and are compared in terms of similarities in a grouping hypothesis. Experimental results indicate that digested silver nanoparticles are neither similar to pristine nanoparticles nor completely similar to digested silver salts, due to the presence of different chemical nanoforms (silver and silver chloride nanocrystals), which were characterized in terms of their interactions with the digestive matrices. Interestingly, the cellular responses observed in the cellular phase of the integrated assay (uptake and inflammation) are also similar for the digested samples, clearly indicating a possible role of the soluble fraction of silver complexes. This study highlights the importance of quantifying exposure-related physical descriptors to advance grouping of NPs based on structural similarities.

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Siesjö, Bo K., George Bendek, Tohru Koide, Eva Westerberg, and Tadeusz Wieloch. "Influence of Acidosis on Lipid Peroxidation in Brain Tissues in vitro." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 5, no. 2 (June 1985): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1985.32.

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To study the influence of acidosis on free radical formation and lipid peroxidation in brain tissues, homogenates fortified with ferrous ions and, in some experiments, with ascorbic acid were equilibrated with 5–15% O2 at pH values of 7.0, 6.5, 6.0, and 5.0, with subsequent measurements of thiobarbituric acid-reactive (TBAR) material, as well as of water- and lipid-soluble antioxidants (glutathione, ascorbate, and α-tocopherol) and phospholipid-bound fatty acids (FAs). Moderate to marked acidosis (pH 6.5–6.0) was found to grossly exaggerate the formation of TBAR material and the decrease in α-tocopherol content and to enhance degradation of phospholipid-bound, polyenoic FAs. These effects were reversed at pH 5.0, suggesting a pH optimum at pH 6.0–6.5. It is concluded that acidosis of a degree encountered in ischemic brain tissues has the potential of triggering increased free radical formation. This effect may involve increased formation of the protonated form of superoxide radicals, which is strongly prooxidant and lipid soluble, and/or the decompartmentalization of iron bound to cellular macromolecules like ferritin.

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Niu, Boyu, and Byeong Hwa Kim. "Method for Manufacturing Corn Straw Cement-Based Composite and Its Physical Properties." Materials 15, no. 9 (April 28, 2022): 3199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093199.

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This paper introduces an innovative method for making cement-based composites from corn straw plants, and investigates the strength, thermal conductivity, and hydration characteristics of the composites. Corn straw is a natural, renewable, and breathable thermal insulation composite that contains cellular sealed pores. Corn straw contains a large amount of soluble cellulosic sugar, which hinders the hydration reaction of Portland cement and affects the use of corn straw as a building material. In this study, a 3 wt.% siliceous solution was used for surface treatment of corn straw particles to prevent cellulosic sugar from affecting the hydration performance of Portland cement. The composition of added cement-based composite materials with treated corn straw at the dosage of 11–20 wt.% was investigated. The test results showed that the corn straw cement-based composite (CSCC) had an optimal thermal conductivity of 0.102–0.112 (W/(m·K)) and a minimum compressive strength of above 1 MPa. The hydration performance of four typical CSCCs was examined using XRD, SEM, and EDS. The experimental results of this study may help to increase the comprehensive utilization of corn straw. The manufacturing method of the composite materials is simple, effective, and convenient for popularization and application, and it provides a new important technical measure to solve the problem of high energy consumption in rural houses.

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Sugai, Jitsuo, Kyohei Joko, Toshio Hayashi, and Motoo Arai. "Hydrolysis of Cotton Yarns by Cellulase Chemically Modified with Water Soluble Polymer." FIBER 58, no. 12 (2002): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.58.466.

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Pomidor, Mary M., Rebecca Cimildoro, Bien Lazatin, Ping Zheng, James A. Gurr,·, Irene M. Leigh, Olli A. Jänne, Rocky S. Tuan, and Noreen J. Hickok. "Phosphorylated Human Keratinocyte Ornithine Decarboxylase Is Preferentially Associated with Insoluble Cellular Proteins." Molecular Biology of the Cell 10, no. 12 (December 1999): 4299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.10.12.4299.

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Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the first enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, is highly regulated by many trophic stimuli, and changes in its levels and organization correlate with cytoskeletal changes in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK). NHEK ODC exhibits a filamentous perinuclear/nuclear localization that becomes more diffuse under conditions that alter actin architecture. We have thus asked whether ODC colocalizes with a component of the NHEK cytoskeleton. Confocal immunofluorescence showed that ODC distribution in NHEK was primarily perinuclear; upon disruption of the actin cytoskeleton with cytochalasin D, ODC distribution was diffuse. The ODC distribution in untreated NHEK overlapped with that of keratin in the perinuclear but not cytoplasmic area; after treatment with cytochalasin D, overlap between staining for ODC and for keratin was extensive. No significant overlap with actin and minimal overlap with tubulin filament systems were observed. Subcellular fractionation by sequential homogenizations and centrifugations of NHEK lysates or detergent and salt extractions of NHEK in situ revealed that ODC protein and activity were detectable in both soluble and insoluble fractions, with mechanical disruption causing additional solubilization of ODC activity (three- to sevenfold above controls). Fractionation and ODC immunoprecipitation from [32P]orthophosphate-labeled NHEK lysates showed that a phosphorylated form of ODC was present in the insoluble fractions. Taken together, these data suggest that two pools of ODC exist in NHEK. The first is the previously described soluble pool, and the second is enriched in phospho-ODC and associated with insoluble cellular material that by immunohistochemistry appears to be organized in conjunction with the keratin cytoskeleton.

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Estalayo-Adrián, Sandra, Salvador Blasco, Sandra A. Bright, Gavin J. McManus, Guillermo Orellana, D. Clive Williams, John M. Kelly, and Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson. "Water-soluble amphiphilic ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes as potential light-activated therapeutic agents." Chemical Communications 56, no. 65 (2020): 9332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc04397d.

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Two new water-soluble amphiphilic Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes were synthesised and their photophysical and photobiological properties evaluated; both complexes showed a rapid cellular uptake and phototoxicity against HeLa cervical cancer cells.

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McDonald, Thomas F., and Keith Green. "Effects of water-soluble marihuana-derived material (MDM) on the rabbit ciliary body: Light and electron microscopy." Current Eye Research 5, no. 6 (January 1986): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02713688609015115.

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Eppell, Steven, Weidong Tong, James McMasters, Yohannes Soenjaya, Anca Barbu, Alvin Ko, and Jonathan Baskin. "Minor Review: An Overview of a Synthetic Nanophase Bone Substitute." Materials 11, no. 9 (August 29, 2018): 1556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091556.

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Material is reviewed that consists of reconstituted collagen fibril gel mineralized in a manner that produces biomimetically sized nanoapatites intimately associated with the fibrils. This gel is formed into usable shapes with a modulus and strength that allow it to be surgically press fitted into bony defects. The design paradigm for the material is that the nanoapatites will dissolve into soluble Ca2+ as the collagen is degraded into RGD-containing peptide fragments due to osteoclastic action. This is intended to signal to the osteoclasts to continue removing the material in a biomimetic fashion similar to bony remodeling. Preliminary experiments in a subcutaneous rat model show that the material is biocompatible with respect to inflammatory and immunogenic responses, and that it supports cellular invasion. Preliminary experiments in a critical-sized mandibular defect in rats show that the material is resorbable and functions well as a bone morphogenetic 2 (BMP-2) carrier. We have produced a range of mechanical and biological responses by varying mechanical and chemical processing of the material.

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Vijaya Bharathi, M., Santanu Maiti, Bidisha Sarkar, Kaustab Ghosh, and Priyankar Paira. "Water-mediated green synthesis of PbS quantum dot and its glutathione and biotin conjugates for non-invasive live cell imaging." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 3 (March 2018): 171614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171614.

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This study addresses the cellular uptake of nanomaterials in the field of bio-applications. In the present study, we have synthesized water-soluble lead sulfide quantum dot (PbS QD) with glutathione and 3-MPA (mercaptopropionic acid) as the stabilizing ligand using a green approach. 3-MPA-capped QDs were further modified with streptavidin and then bound to biotin because of its high conjugation efficiency. Labelling and bio-imaging of cells with these bio-conjugated QDs were evaluated. The bright red fluorescence from these types of QDs in HeLa cells makes these materials suitable for deep tissue imaging.

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Chen, Xiaokai, Xiaodong Zhang, Hong-Yin Wang, and Fu-Gen Wu. "Subcellular fate and cellular perturbations of water-soluble cholesterol-containing membrane anchoring reagents." Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 14, no. 5 (July 2018): 1808–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2017.11.190.

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VOSTRIKOVA, T. V., O. A. ZEMLYANUKHINA, and V. N. KALAEV. "USE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL-BIOCHEMICAL, CELLULAR AND SUB-CELLAR CHARACTERISTICS OF BETULA PENDULA AS MARKERS OF SEED GERMINATION AND MONITORING TERRITORY POLLUTION." Periódico Tchê Química 16, no. 32 (August 20, 2019): 1034–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v16.n32.2019.1051_periodico32_pgs_1034_1044.pdf.

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The amount of total soluble protein cytogenetic indices, germination ability in the seed progeny of Betula pendula in areas with different levels of anthropogenic pollution was studied. The seed progeny of Betula pendula has an increased germination ability and total protein in areas with low pollution levels as compared to the control group (seeds collected in the ecologically clean territory) and to the same parameters for the areas with high levels of anthropogenic pressure. A high positive correlation was established between seed germination and the amount of total soluble protein. The parameter “amount of total protein” is characterized as a marker of seed germination, which determines the possibility of their germination. Cytogenetic parameters (mitotic activity, percentage ratio of cell number at mitosis stages, level of mitosis pathologies, level of cells with persistent nucleoli at metaphase - anaphase mitosis stage) of seed seedlings of weeping birch were studied as marker signs of anthropogenic pollution of territories. Relations between cytogenetic and biochemical characteristics were found. The impact of the environment, caused mainly by heavy metal pollution, on birch trees and their seed progeny, can be defined as hormesis by biochemical and cytogenetic indices. A comprehensive study of cytogenetic and biochemical parameters can allow a quick and adequate evaluation of the seed quality of unknown origin which is especially important for plant industry and forestry as it allows selecting stable planting material and for the collection of material for pharmacognostic purposes in areas with different ecological pressure. Determining cytogenetic indices and the amount of total protein allows forecasting the germination capacities and germination abilities of the seeds of the weeping birch.

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Savinova, Ekaterina A., Elizaveta S. Ershova, Olga A. Kraevaya, Pavel A. Troshin, and S. V. Kostyuk. "Genotoxic Effect of a New Water-Soluble Fullerene Derivative C70 and its Effect on the Transcriptional Activity of Genes that Regulate the Cell Cycle, DNA Repair and Apoptosis." Materials Science Forum 1031 (May 2021): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1031.222.

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It is important to take into consideration the new fullerene derivatives genotoxicity. In the present is study, we analyzed the new water-soluble fullerene C70 (F350) effects on the human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HELF) oxidative damage and DNA breaks. We found that the studied compound causes cellular DNA damage and affects the transcriptional activity of cell cycle and cell apoptosis regulating genes.

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Leary, Kelsie A., and Michael J. Ragusa. "Characterization of Protein–Membrane Interactions in Yeast Autophagy." Cells 11, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 1876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11121876.

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Cells rely on autophagy to degrade cytosolic material and maintain homeostasis. During autophagy, content to be degraded is encapsulated in double membrane vesicles, termed autophagosomes, which fuse with the yeast vacuole for degradation. This conserved cellular process requires the dynamic rearrangement of membranes. As such, the process of autophagy requires many soluble proteins that bind to membranes to restructure, tether, or facilitate lipid transfer between membranes. Here, we review the methods that have been used to investigate membrane binding by the core autophagy machinery and additional accessory proteins involved in autophagy in yeast. We also review the key experiments demonstrating how each autophagy protein was shown to interact with membranes.

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Verma, Srishti, Visheshta Valvi, and Kamlesh Kumar Shukla. "Screening Some Extracellular Enzymes of Wild Mushrooms from Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Campus." Journal of Ravishankar University (PART-B) 35, no. 1 (March 8, 2022): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52228/jrub.2022-35-1-6.

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Wild mushrooms are well known to produce wide range of bioactive metabolites and different types of enzymes. In this study 5 wild mushroom samples were collected which belongs to different groups. Samples were isolated and observed the culture characteristics, during the growth of mycelia many biochemical changes are known to occur, as a result of which enzymes are secreted extracellularly to degrade the insoluble materials into the substrates. Primary screening of extracellular amylase and cellulose were carried out by plate culture method in the GYP media with soluble starch to test the amylase activity and for cellulase, CMC (Carboxymethyl cellulose) plate assay was used. All the mushroom cultures differ in context of extracellular enzymatic activity. The activity of amylase enzyme was substantially higher in all the mushroom cultures. In the screening of cellulase enzyme two cultures were observed as positive. Present study suggests the capacity of these wild mushrooms in the production of biotechnologically useful enzymes with great industrial importance.

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Murai, Toshiyuki, Mitsuyoshi Ueda, Takashi Kawaguchi, Motoo Arai, and Atsuo Tanaka. "Assimilation of Cellooligosaccharides by a Cell Surface-Engineered Yeast Expressing β-Glucosidase and Carboxymethylcellulase from Aspergillus aculeatus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 4857–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.12.4857-4861.1998.

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ABSTRACT Since Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacks the cellulase complexes that hydrolyze cellulosic materials, which are abundant in the world, two types of hydrolytic enzymes involved in the degradation of cellulosic materials to glucose were genetically co-immobilized on its cell surface for direct utilization of cellulosic materials, one of the final goals of our studies. The genes encoding FI-carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) and β-glucosidase from the fungusAspergillus aculeatus were individually fused with the gene encoding the C-terminal half (320 amino acid residues from the C terminus) of yeast α-agglutinin and introduced into S. cerevisiae. The delivery of CMCase and β-glucosidase to the cell surface was carried out by the secretion signal sequence of the native signal sequence of CMCase and by the secretion signal sequence of glucoamylase from Rhizopus oryzae for β-glucosidase, respectively. The genes were expressed by the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter from S. cerevisiae. The CMCase and β-glucosidase activities were detected in the cell pellet fraction, not in the culture supernatant. The display of CMCase and β-glucosidase proteins on the cell surface was confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy. The cells displaying these cellulases could grow on cellobiose or water-soluble cellooligosaccharides as the sole carbon source. The degradation and assimilation of cellooligosaccharides were confirmed by thin-layer chromatography. This result showed that the cell surface-engineered yeast with these enzymes can be endowed with the ability to assimilate cellooligosaccharides. This is the first step in the assimilation of cellulosic materials by S. cerevisiae expressing heterologous cellulase genes.

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Corr, Stuart J., Mustafa Raoof, Brandon T. Cisneros, Oleksandr Kuznetsov, Katheryn Massey, Warna D. Kaluarachchi, Matthew A. Cheney, Edward W. Billups, Lon J. Wilson, and Steven A. Curley. "Cytotoxicity and variant cellular internalization behavior of water-soluble sulfonated nanographene sheets in liver cancer cells." Nanoscale Research Letters 8, no. 1 (2013): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1556-276x-8-208.

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Herledan, Adrien, Marine Andres, Aurore Lejeune-Dodge, Florence Leroux, Alexandre Biela, Catherine Piveteau, Sandrine Warenghem, Cyril Couturier, Benoit Deprez, and Rebecca Deprez-Poulain. "Drug Target Engagement Using Coupled Cellular Thermal Shift Assay—Acoustic Reverse-Phase Protein Array." SLAS DISCOVERY: Advancing the Science of Drug Discovery 25, no. 2 (December 29, 2019): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472555219897256.

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In the last 5 years, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), a technology based on ligand-induced changes in protein thermal stability, has been increasingly used in drug discovery to address the fundamental question of whether drug candidates engage their intended target in a biologically relevant setting. To analyze lysates from cells submitted to increasing temperature, the detection and quantification of the remaining soluble protein can be achieved using quantitative mass spectrometry, Western blotting, or AlphaScreen techniques. Still, these approaches can be time- and cell-consuming. To cope with limitations of throughput and protein amount requirements, we developed a new coupled assay combining the advantages of a nanoacoustic transfer system and reverse-phase protein array technology within CETSA experiments. We validated the technology to assess engagement of inhibitors of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), an enzyme involved in diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. CETSA—acoustic reverse-phase protein array (CETSA-aRPPA) allows simultaneous analysis of many conditions and drug–target engagement with a small sample size, in a rapid, cost-effective, and biological material-saving manner.

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Yuan, Qunying, Manjula Bomma, and Zhigang Xiao. "Enhanced Extracellular Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles by Soluble Extracts from Escherichia coli Transformed with Rhizobium tropici Phytochelatin Synthase Gene." Metals 11, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11030472.

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Phytochelatins, the enzymatic products of phytochelatin synthase, play a principal role in protecting the plants from heavy metal and metalloid toxicity due to their ability to scavenge metal ions. In the present study, we investigated the capacity of soluble intracellular extracts from E. coli cells expressing R. tropici phytochelatin synthase to synthesize gold nanoparticle. We discovered that the reaction mediated by soluble extracts from the recombinant E. coli cells had a higher yield of gold nanoparticles, compared to that from the control cells. The compositional and morphological properties of the gold nanoparticles synthesized by the intracellular extracts from recombinant cells and control cells were similar. In addition, this extracellular nanoparticle synthesis method produced purer gold nanoparticles, avoiding the isolation of nanoparticles from cellular debris when whole cells are used to synthesize nanoparticles. Our results suggested that phytochelatins can improve the efficiency of gold nanoparticle synthesis mediated by bacterial soluble intracellular extracts, and the potential of extracellular nanoparticle synthesis platform for the production of nanoparticles in large quantity and pure form is worth further investigation.

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Pakdemirli, Ahu, and Gizem Calibasi Kocal. "TNF-alpha Induces Pro-Inflammatory Factors in Colorectal Cancer Microenvironment." Medical Science and Discovery 7, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36472/msd.v7i4.368.

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Objective: The tumor microenvironment has a crucial role in organizing cancer malignancy, progression, drug resistance and survival. It consists of cellular and non-cellular components. These non-cellular components such as cytokines, extracellular matrix, growth factors and metabolites are responsible for shifting the action from pro-cancer to anti-cancer effects. Twenty percent of all cancers occur in association with chronic inflammation via cytokines. Even cancers that are not caused by chronic inflammation, present high levels of cytokine expression pattern in their tumor microenvironment. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and some interleukins are characterized as pro-tumorigenic cytokines and they were involved in cancer by presenting their ability to activate the oncogenic transcription factors. The aim of this study is to evaluate the remodeling of colorectal cancer tumor microenvironment by TNF-α. Material and Methods: TNF-α (5ng/ml) was applied to HT-29 colorectal cancer cells, then human soluble factors were determined by using Human Cytokine Group 1, 8 plex Panel (Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc. USA) and Magpix Luminex instrument and xPONENT software (version 4.2, Luminex Corp, Austin, Texas, US). The results were normalized to total protein concentration estimated via Bradford assay. Results: Current research highlights the effect of TNF-α on the tumor microenvironment. Interleukin-6 and interleukin -8 soluble factors were higher in TNF-α treated colorectal cancer cells when compared with untreated control group. Conclusion: The results of the study show that TNF-α is responsible for elevating the levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8, which are associated with inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. Key words: Colorectal Cancer, Tumor Microenvironment, Cytokines, TNF-α, Interleukin-6, interleukin -8

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Hippler, Marc, Kai Weißenbruch, Kai Richler, Enrico D. Lemma, Masaki Nakahata, Benjamin Richter, Christopher Barner-Kowollik, et al. "Mechanical stimulation of single cells by reversible host-guest interactions in 3D microscaffolds." Science Advances 6, no. 39 (September 2020): eabc2648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc2648.

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Many essential cellular processes are regulated by mechanical properties of their microenvironment. Here, we introduce stimuli-responsive composite scaffolds fabricated by three-dimensional (3D) laser lithography to simultaneously stretch large numbers of single cells in tailored 3D microenvironments. The key material is a stimuli-responsive photoresist containing cross-links formed by noncovalent, directional interactions between β-cyclodextrin (host) and adamantane (guest). This allows reversible actuation under physiological conditions by application of soluble competitive guests. Cells adhering in these scaffolds build up initial traction forces of ~80 nN. After application of an equibiaxial stretch of up to 25%, cells remodel their actin cytoskeleton, double their traction forces, and equilibrate at a new dynamic set point within 30 min. When the stretch is released, traction forces gradually decrease until the initial set point is retrieved. Pharmacological inhibition or knockout of nonmuscle myosin 2A prevents these adjustments, suggesting that cellular tensional homeostasis strongly depends on functional myosin motors.

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Andrianov, Alexander K., Alexander Marin, Joseph Deng, and Thomas R. Fuerst. "Protein-loaded soluble and nanoparticulate formulations of ionic polyphosphazenes and their interactions on molecular and cellular levels." Materials Science and Engineering: C 106 (January 2020): 110179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.110179.

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Kim, Donguk, Jaehyeon Jeong, Ji-Ae Ryu, Sa Rang Choi, Jung Myoung Lee, and Heeyoun Bunch. "In Vitro Evaluation of Lignin-Containing Nanocellulose." Materials 13, no. 15 (July 29, 2020): 3365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153365.

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The increasing importance of environmental sustainability has led to the development of new materials that are environmentally friendly, functional, and cost-effective. Lignin-containing cellulose nanomaterials are a common example of these. The advantages of lignocelluloses include their renewability, sustainability, and functionality combined with molecular rigidity and enhanced hydrophobicity. In order to valorize these beneficial traits from lignin-containing nanocellulose, various approaches have been examined in industrial applications. However, the safety of these materials has not been tested or validated in humans. In this study, we tested 21 wt% lignin-containing nanocellulose (L-MFC) in vitro using the human lung and kidney cell lines, H460 and HEK293 cells, respectively. The cytotoxicity of cellulose, L-MFC, and lignin was compared using the water-soluble tetrazolium salt assays. In addition, the gene expressions of HSP70 and HSP90 as cellular stress markers treated with cellulose, L-MFC, and lignin were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. Our data indicated little cytotoxicity for cellulose and significant cytotoxicity for lignin and a relatively low level of cytotoxicity for L-MFC, providing the lethal median concentration (LC50) values of L-MFC and lignin. The gene expression of HSP70 and HSP90 was little affected by moderate concentrations of L-MFC. Interestingly, the lignin contained in L-MFC influenced the cell viability and the gene expression of HSP70 and HSP90 less than the same amount of lignin alone. These results indicate that L-MFC displays cell-type-dependent sensitivity and suggest that L-MFC could serve as a new eco-friendly material that is relatively safe for humans.

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Manhat, Beth A., Anna L. Brown, Labe A. Black, J. B. Alexander Ross, Katye Fichter, Tania Vu, Erik Richman, and Andrea M. Goforth. "One-Step Melt Synthesis of Water-Soluble, Photoluminescent, Surface-Oxidized Silicon Nanoparticles for Cellular Imaging Applications." Chemistry of Materials 23, no. 9 (May 10, 2011): 2407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm200270d.

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Qian, Yunxia, Hongmei Liu, Haijian Tan, Qingmin Yang, Shuchen Zhang, Lingui Han, Xuegang Yi, et al. "A Novel Water-Soluble Fluorescence Probe with Wash-Free Cellular Imaging Capacity Based on AIE Characteristics." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 38, no. 10 (March 21, 2017): 1600684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.201600684.

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Liu, Lu, Hu Xu, Bing Shen, and Xinhua Zhong. "High-Quality Water-Soluble Core/Shell/Shell CdSe/CdS/ZnS Quantum Dots Balanced by Ionic and Nonionic Hydrophilic Capping Ligands." Nano 11, no. 07 (July 2016): 1650073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292016500739.

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Pentaerythritol tetrakis 3-mercaptopropionate (PTMP) grafted poly(acryl acid) (PAA) ionic hydrophilic oligomer PAA-PTMP (PP) and dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) grafted methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) nonionic hydrophilic oligomer mPEG-DHLA (PD) have been designed, synthesized and used as co-capping ligands in water-solubilization of hydrophobic quantum dots (QDs) via ligand exchange. The obtained oligomers with multi-thiol groups could bind strongly to the surface atoms of QDs. Meanwhile, the carboxyl groups (from PP) and mPEG segment (from PD) can render QDs water-soluble, and the free carboxylic groups can possibly be used for the further bioconjugation. The resulting water-soluble QDs have been characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The water-soluble QDs have relatively small hydrodynamic size (10[Formula: see text]12 nm), and importantly, retain high fluorescence quantum yields (up to 45%) compared with that of the originally hydrophobic QDs (49%). In addition, they have tunable surface charges and show excellent colloidal stability over a relatively broad pH range ([Formula: see text]), in high salt concentration, and even after thermal treatment at 100[Formula: see text]C. These results indicate that the water-soluble QDs coated by PP and PD oligomers have potential applications in cellular imaging and biosensor.

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Hung, Chiung-Yu, Neil M. Ampel, Lara Christian, Kalpathi R. Seshan, and Garry T. Cole. "A Major Cell Surface Antigen of Coccidioides immitis Which Elicits Both Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 584–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.2.584-593.2000.

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ABSTRACT Multinucleate parasitic cells (spherules) of Coccidioides immitis isolates produce a membranous outer wall component (SOW) in vitro which has been reported to be reactive with antibody from patients with coccidioidal infection, elicits a potent proliferative response of murine immune T cells, and has immunoprotective capacity in a murine model of coccidioidomycosis. To identify the antigenic components of SOW, the crude wall material was first subjected to Triton X-114 extraction, and a water-soluble fraction derived from this treatment was examined for protein composition and reactivity in humoral and cellular immunoassays. Protein electrophoresis revealed that the aqueous fraction of three different isolates of C. immitis each contained one or two major glycoproteins (SOWgps), distinguished by their molecular sizes, which ranged from 58 to 82 kDa. The SOWgps, however, showed identical N-terminal amino acid sequences, and each was recognized by sera from patients with C. immitis infection. Antibody raised against the purified 58-kDa glycoprotein (SOWgp58) of the Silveira isolate was used for Western blot and immunolocalization analyses. Expression of SOWgp was shown to be parasitic phase specific, and the antigen was localized to the membranous SOW. The water-soluble fraction of SOW and the purified SOWgp58 were tested for the ability to stimulate proliferation of human peripheral monocytic cells (PBMC). The latter were obtained from healthy volunteers with positive skin test reaction to spherulin, a parasitic-phase antigen of C. immitis, and from volunteers who showed no skin test reaction to the same antigen. The SOW preparations stimulated proliferation of PBMC from skin test-positive but not skin test-negative donors, and the activated cells secreted gamma interferon, which is indicative of a T helper 1 pathway of immune response. Results of this study suggest that SOWgp is a major parasitic cell surface-expressed antigen that elicits both humoral and cellular immune responses in patients with coccidioidal infection.

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Shimizu, K., K. Honda, S. Takabe, and M. Hokano. "Hydroxyproline concentration in soluble and insoluble material from serum treated with trichloroacetic acid in postpartum mice." Experientia 42, no. 7 (July 1986): 819–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01941536.

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Yang, Hong, Liutao Li, Liqiang Wan, Zhiguo Zhou, and Shiping Yang. "Synthesis of water soluble PEG-functionalized iridium complex via click chemistry and application for cellular bioimaging." Inorganic Chemistry Communications 13, no. 12 (December 2010): 1387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2010.07.042.

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NISHIO, TAKASHI, KENICHI NIIKURA, YASUTAKA MATSUO, and KUNIHARU IJIRO. "ENHANCED ACCUMULATION OF CARBOHYDRATE-DISPLAYING CdTe QUANTUM DOTS IN CELLS RESPONDING TO CELLULAR CHEMICAL STRESSES." International Journal of Nanoscience 08, no. 01n02 (February 2009): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x09005694.

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We propose a novel stress sensing methods using water soluble, sugar-displaying quantum dot and digitonin-permeabilized semi-intact HeLa cells. The amount of GlcNAc -QDs (N-acetylglucosamine-displaying quantum dots) binding to heavy metal ion exposed cells was investigated by fluorescence intensity, and it increased in a dose-dependent manner. This result suggests that GlcNAc -QD could be applied for a new stress sensing probe.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Materiale solubile e cellulato'

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