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1

Braconnier, Daniel J. "Materials Informatics Approach to Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing." Digital WPI, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/204.

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Process-structure-property relationships in material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEAM) are complex, non-linear, and poorly understood. Without proper characterization of the effects of each processing parameter, products produced through fused filament fabrication (FFF) and other MEAM processes may not successfully reach the material properties required of the usage environment. The two aims of this thesis were to first use an informatics approach to design a workflow that would ensure the collection of high pedigree data from each stage of the printing process; second, to apply the workflow, in conjunction with a design of experiments (DOE), to investigate FFF processing parameters. Environmental, material, and print conditions that may impact performance were monitored to ensure that relevant data was collected in a consistent manner. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament was used to print ASTM D638 Type V tensile bars. MakerBot Replicator 2X, Ultimaker 3, and Zortrax M200 were used to fabricate the tensile bars. Data was analyzed using multivariate statistical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA). The magnitude of effect of layer thickness, extrusion temperature, print speed, and print bed temperature on the tensile properties of the final print were determined. Other characterization techniques used in this thesis included: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that printer selection is incredibly important and changes the effects of print parameters; moreover, further investigation is needed to determine the sources of these differences.
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Stochero, Naiane Paiva. "Desenvolvimento de cerâmica refratária com fibra de aço e sílica residual proveniente da queima da casca de arroz." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2015. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/782.

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O Estado do Rio Grande do Sul apresenta um dos maiores índices de produção de arroz do país, e Alegrete é um dos municípios que lidera esta estatística. A casca de arroz é um dos subprodutos originados do beneficiamento do arroz, e é muito utilizada como fonte de energia térmica para a geração de energia elétrica. Após a queima é gerada a cinza da casca do arroz, rica em sílica. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é diversificar o aproveitamento deste resíduo como matéria-prima alternativa para materiais cerâmicos refratários e agregar valor a este subproduto. Outro objetivo é aumentar as propriedades mecânicas de matrizes frágeis, que possuem uma tendência a falhar por fadiga e choque térmico, limitando a sua aplicabilidade. Foram fabricados materiais cerâmicos refratários com 80% de argila caulim, 20% de sílica da casca de arroz e fibras de aço em teores volumétricos de 3%, 6% e 9%. Realizaram-se ensaios de absorção de água, densidade aparente, porosidade aparente, resistência à compressão, tração direta, flexão em três pontos, ensaio de choque térmico e análise de microestrutura do material. Com a substituição de argila pela sílica, foram obtidas maior resistência mecânica, e maior tenacidade, possivelmente devido à diminuição da porosidade e pelo aumento do nível de vitrificação. A cerâmica com 9% de fibra obteve o melhor desempenho em relação à ductilidade, em razão do maior grau de deformação do material até o momento de ruptura. As cerâmicas com 3% de fibra e 6% de fibra apresentaram os melhores desempenhos frente ao choque térmico. Na análise da mineralogia do material após a sinterização, observou-se a formação de picos de mulita. Com a substituição da argila pela sílica foram identificados picos de cristobalita.
The State of Rio Grande do Sul presents one of the highest indices of rice production in the Country, and Alegrete is one of the towns that leads this statistics. Rice husk, is one of the byproducts originated from processing of rice, and is very used as thermal energy source to generate electricity. After firing generated rice husk ash, rich in silica. Thus, the aim of this work is to diversify the use of this waste as an alternative raw material for refractory ceramic materials and add value to this byproduct. Another objectiveis to increase the mechanical properties of brittle matrices that have tendency to fail by fatigue and thermal shock, limiting its applicability. Were manufactured refractory ceramic materials with 80% of kaolin clay, 20% rice husk silica, and steel fibers in volumetric concentrations of 3%, 6% and 9%. Tests about water absorption were done, apparent density, apparent porosity, compressive strength, direct traction, three points flexion, thermal shock test and analysis of the microstructure of the material. Replacing the clay by silica, was obtained greater strength, and greater toughness, possibly due to the decrease of the porosity and increasing the level of vitrifying. The ceramic with 9% fiber obtained the better performance relative for ductility, due to the higher degree of deformation of the material until the moment of rupture. The ceramic with 3% fiber and 6% fiber showed better performance front thermal shock. In mineralogical analysis of the material showed the formation of mullite peaks. With substituting the clay by silica cristobalite peak was identified.
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3

Sobrosa, Fabiano Zanini. "Desenvolvimento de materiais cerâmicos refratários com adição da sílica residual proveniente da queima da casca de arroz." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2014. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/767.

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Com a intenção de agregar valor à cinza da casca de arroz, subproduto da indústria orizícola, e colaborar para um desenvolvimento sustentável do país, esta pesquisa buscou desenvolver materiais cerâmicos refratários com a substituição parcial da argila pela sílica de casca de arroz (SCA) produzida a partir da geração de energia elétrica. Atualmente, na região da fronteira oeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, existem várias usinas termoelétricas de biomassa para geração de energia elétrica através da queima da casca de arroz. Essa tecnologia vem ao encontro da necessidade de diversificação da matriz energética no país. A indústria orizícola produz no Brasil aproximadamente 12 milhões de toneladas por ano de arroz, e aproximadamente 2,5 milhões de toneladas por ano são convertidos em casca. Caso toda esta casca fosse queimada, gerar-se-iam aproximadamente 500 mil toneladas de cinza, a qual é rica em sílica. Portanto, viabilizar seu aproveitamento tende a reduzir o passivo ambiental, além dos benefícios econômicos. No presente trabalho foi analisado o efeito da substituição parcial da argila refratária por sílica da casca de arroz (SCA) nas propriedades mecânicas e termomecânicas dos materiais cerâmicos refratários produzidos, em percentuais de 5, 10 e 20%. Foram analisadas as propriedades mecânicas desses materiais através de ensaios de resistência à compressão, tração direta, flexão em três pontos e dureza superficial Vickers. Analisaram-se também a retração linear, absorção de água, porosidade aparente e resistência ao choque térmico. Conforme se aumentou a substituição parcial de argila refratária por SCA, foi obtido um melhor empacotamento da mistura granular e, consequentemente, ocorreu uma melhora nas propriedades mecânicas das amostras. Por outro lado, o material apresentou-se mais frágil, com menor resistência ao choque térmico. Não foi encontrada variação na retração linear após a queima, já a absorção de água e porosidade aparente diminuíram conforme se aumentou a substituição da argila pela SCA. A microestrutura do material foi analisada através de análise por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e difração de raios-x, onde se identificaram as fases cristalinas na mineralogia do material resultante. Na análise da mineralogia do material observou-se um aumento de pico de cristobalita conforme se aumentou o teor de SCA na mistura, em função da cristalização da sílica livre. Um menor volume de porosidade foi encontrado conforme se aumentou o teor de substituição de argila pela SCA.
With the intention of adding value to rice husk ash, a byproduct of paddy industry, and contribute to sustainable development of the country, this research sought to develop refractory ceramic materials with refractory partial replacement of clay by silica from rice husk (SCA) produced from electricity generation. Currently on the western border of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, there are several biomass power plants for generating electricity by burning rice husk. This technology comes against the need for diversification of energy sources in the country. The paddy industry in Brazil produces approximately 12 million tons of rice per year, of which approximately 2.5 million tons per year are converted into shell. If all this bark was burned, it would generate approximately 500 tons of ash, which is rich in silica. Thus enabling its use tends to reduce the environmental liability beyond economic benefits. In the present work, the effect of partial replacement of silica refractory clay for rice husk (SCA) on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of refractory ceramic materials was analyzed for percentages of 5, 10 and 20%. The mechanical properties of these materials were analyzed by testing compressive strength, direct-drive, three point bending and superficial hardness. We also analyzed the linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity and resistance to thermal shock. As increased the partial replacement of refractory clay for SCA in the mixture was obtained a better packing of the granular mixture and, consequently, better results in mechanical properties were found. On the other hand, the material appeared more brittle, with a lower thermal shock resistance. Was not found in the linear shrinkage after firing, the water absorption and apparent porosity decreased as the clay was increased by replacement SCA. The microstructure of the material was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (MEV) and x-ray diffraction where the crystalline phases identified in the mineralogy of the resulting material. The analysis of the mineralogy of the material was observed an increase of cristobalite peak was increased as the content of SCA, depending on the crystallization of the free silica. A smaller volume of porosity is found according to the increased content of clay replacement SCA.
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Skerry, Nathaniel S. (Nathaniel Standish) 1971. "Transformed materials : a material research center in Milan, Italy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70358.

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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-75).
[Transformed Materials] is an exploration into today's design methodologies of architecture production. The emergence of architectural form is questioned in relation to the temporal state of design intent and the physical material construct. At a time when there is an increased awareness of the current state of technology, material innovation and methods of fabrication, there are new speculations of what materiality is and can be. This thesis will propose an architecture that emerges through an exploration of the material concept that directly informs and expresses the fundamental ideas of the project. Building methods have changed widely over time, and are co-responsible for creating a dialog between functional requirements, technological invention, and material implication that reflects the current cultural state. Today's architectural products have in a sense reverted back to thin surfaces. Current cultural issues such as socioeconomic, environmental impact, transportability, efficiency, lightness, storability, technology, and mass production, have over time created a state of "thinness ". This project tries to offset the current trend of building by accepting the norms of architectural products, and reinventing their role within a contemporary language that explores more deeply the material qualities and properties associates with it. This thesis will use steel as the primary building material. Steel is a material that has become standardized in how it is shaped and formed, thus its ability to produce an architecture has been reduced purely to a dogmatiC approach of engineered solutions or preconceived results. Steel, is artificial by nature; if we suspend our preconceptions of steel, could the material be designed such that its role is critical in defining space, structure and program in a tectonic system? The area of research and examination will be focused on the design of a Material Research Center (mRC). located in Milan, Italy.
by Nathaniel S. Skerry.
M.Arch.
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Martin, Luke Andrew. "A Novel Material Modulus Function for Modeling Viscoelastic Materials." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26891.

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Accurately modeling damping in engineering structures has plagued scientist and engineers for decades. The integration of viscoelastic materials into engineering structures can reduce undesired vibrations and serve as an effective passive control mechanism. Various techniques have been developed to model viscoelastic materials. The growing popularity of finite element analysis in the 1980s and 1990s spawned new techniques for modeling damping in complex structures. The technique defined in this dissertation can be incorporated into finite element models. In metals, the modulus of elasticity can be modeled as a constant. That is, the modulus of elasticity is not treated as a function of frequency in dynamic models. For viscoelastic materials, the modulus of elasticity can be assumed to be constant for static forces and sinusoidal forcing functions. However, when viscoelastic materials undergo excitations from a random or transient forcing function the constant modulus of elasticity assumption may not be valid. This is because the second order equation of motion has non-constant coefficients or coefficients that vary as a function of frequency. The Golla-Hughes-McTavish (GHM) method is a technique used to incorporate the frequency dependency of viscoelastic materials into finite element models. The GHM method is used as a way to alleviate working with second order differential equations with non-constant coefficients. This dissertation presents the theory for a new material modulus function suitable for application within the framework of the GHM method. However, the new material modulus function uses different assumptions and is referred to as the Modified GHM method or MGHM method. The MGHM method is shown to improve the curve fit and damping characteristics of the GHM method. Additionally, the MGHM method is shown to reduce to the GHM method when the original GHM assumptions are imposed.
Ph. D.
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Samsonow, Emily L. "Material Celebration: Exploring the Architectural Potential of Waste Materials." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1306501078.

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Ståhl, Daniel. "Material Library : A sense of material." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Maskinteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-25076.

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This day of age when an increasing demands for better and more environmental friendlymaterial is requested. At the same time is also higher demands on the designers todevelop new products for the future. To design new products which express a futuristicfeeling and a “must-have-feeling”. Therefore is there a need to educate better designersand architects for the future a better knowledge for material. Both for existing designersand architects but also for new designers. To encourage learning and discover newmaterial is new tools important, a tool such as a meeting point in which people meet, talkand discover new materials. A meeting place in which a material library has its naturalplace, a place designers, architects and laymen can visit. The great advantages of a material library is the possibility to touch and feel the materialsamples. To invite people to use their senses and learn about materials. This report focus on how to best build and present a material library in the facility of apublic place. But also how to construct a mobile module used as a tool for education.Each scenario has their own dilemma and needs, for example, in the University library atJönköping has criterion for a module that fits into the regular exhibition. To present newand innovative material samples in a manner that reminds of how people search forbooks on the shelves. For the mobile module is focus more towards presenting material samples used in theproduction today. The presentation is more focus on presenting material samples during alecture in which the teacher stands in front of a class and pointing towards the materialand students are allowed to touch and feel the material samples when they have thepossibility to do so. Besides this will the mobile module also work as mobile storagelocation for each department’s material samples.
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Karlsson, Johan. "Composite material in car hood : Investigation of possible sandwich materials." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-45633.

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Wretborn, Joel. "Modelling cracks in solid materials using the Material Point Method." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-136797.

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This thesis investigates a novel way to simulate cracks as an extension of the Mate- rial Point Method (MPM). Previous methods, like CRAMP (CRAcks with Material Points), often use an explicit crack representation to define the material crack. We use an implicit crack representation defined as the intersection between pieces of the original specimen created by a pre-fracture process. Material chunks are there- after forced together using massless particle constraints. The method has proven successful in tearing scenarios, and the main benefits are: (1) minor computational overhead compared to the initial MPM algorithm; (2) simple to implement and scales well in 3 dimensions; (3) gives easy and controllable setup phase for desired material failure mode. The development of the crack extension has required a fully general MPM solver that can handle arbitrarily many distinct bodies connected in the same simulation. Current collision schemes for MPM exists, however these are often focused on two-body collisions and does not scale well for additional objects due to inaccuracies in contact normal calculations. We present a method that uses an iterative pair-wise comparison scheme to resolve grid collisions that extends to any number of collision objects.
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Frank, Jenny. "Material för utomhusundervisning : Lärarens förhållningssätt och användning av materialet." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektroteknik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36837.

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Pajic, Ruzica. "Elevperspektiv på laborativt material, en studie om hur laborativt material används i årskurs 6. Students perspective on laboratory material, a study about laboratory materials used in sixth grade." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-32826.

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En studie om det laborativa materialet i bråkundervisningen utifrån elevernas perspektiv Författare: Ruzica PajicSyftet med denna studie är att uppnå en djupare förståelse om det laborativa materialets betydelse i skolans matematik. I detta magisterarbete har det undersökts hur barns perspektiv påverkas i årskurs 6 utifrån hur laborativt material används i matematikundervisningen. I tidigare forskning redovisas barns lärande och hur den skildras utifrån kognitiva, kulturhistoriska och sociokulturella perspektiv. Bland dessa perspektiv presenteras och jämförs teoretikerna; Vygotsky och Bruner med varandra. Dessa teoretiker har valts, eftersom de presenterar grunderna för användning av laborativt material i skolan. I denna studie används laborativt material i undervisningssyfte, det laborativa materialet som eleverna får använda är, bråkstavar. Laborativt material har definierats utifrån artefakter som i enlighet med Wartofsky (1979) kan delas upp i tre olika kategorier; primär, sekundär och tertiär. Jag har valt att utgå ifrån artefakter när jag har tolkat och dragit slutsatser utifrån teori och forskning. Under observationerna i klassrummet såg man hur barns perspektiv påverkades beroende på hur de använde det laborativa materialet. Eleverna kunde använda materialet i tre olika kategorier. Detta kom tydligare fram i intervjuerna som hölls i fokusgrupper. I resultaten framgick det att de flesta barn använde den sekundära artefakten, det fanns några elever som använde sig av både den tertiära och den primära artefakten. Barnen tog fram läraren som en viktig faktor om hurvida de lär sig och detta kom fram tydligt i observationer och intervjuer. Det är lärarens instruktioner och vägledningar som påverkar barnens perspektiv och det har stor inverkan på hur barnen lär sig bråk. Hur påverkar användningen av laborativt material barnens perspektiv och vilken inverkan har det på hur de lär sig?I resultaten visade sig elevernas perspektiv utifrån de tre olika kategorierna. Eleverna som använde sig av den sekundära och tertiära artefakten upplevde laborativt material positivt och lärorikt. Eleverna beskrev i sina intervjuer att de kunde vara aktiva, arbeta i grupp, ha en variation och få större förståelse för bråk. De elever som använde sig av den primära artefakten förstod inte hur de skulle använda laborativt material i undervisningen. Svårigheterna som eleverna upplevde när de skulle använda laborativt material berodde framförallt på lärarinstruktionerna. Eleverna förstod inte hur de skulle använda materialet och det var inte tillräckligt konkret och tydligt för dem. Vissa elever trodde att det är lärarna som sitter inne med svaren. Vid observationen kunde det uttydas i att vissa elever hade svårigheter med förståelsen av uppgiften då de inte deltog aktivt. Övervägande i studien upplevde eleverna när de utgick ifrån den sekundära och tertiära artefakten att bråkuppgifterna blev mer konkreta med hjälp av stavarna, vilket ledde till verklighetsanknytning som också ledde till en ökad kommunikation mellan elever.
A study of the laboratory material in fraction teaching based on students' perspectiveAuthor: Ruzica PajicThe purpose of this study is to achieve a deeper understanding of the laboratory material significance in school mathematics. In this master thesis has been examined how children's perspectives are affected in 6th grade based on how learning materials are used in mathematics education . In earlier research reported children's learning and how it is portrayed by the cognitive, cultural and socio-cultural perspective. These perspectives are presented and compared theorists ; Vygotsky and Bruner with each other. These theorists have been chosen because they present the basics of using the learning materials in schools . In this study, laboratory material for teaching purposes , the laboratory material that students can use is , fractions rods. Laboratory materials have been defined based artifacts according to Wartofsky (1979) can be divided into three categories : primary , secondary and tertiary . I have chosen to work from artifacts when I have interpreted and drew conclusions based on theory and research.During the observations in the classroom I could see the perspective of children affected depending on how they used the laboratory material. Students could use the material in three different categories. This was evident in the interviews held in the focus groups. The results showed that most children used the secondary artifact , there were some students who used both the tertiary and the primary artifact. The children came up with the teacher as an important factor if prima facie they learn and this came up clearly in the observations and interviews . It is the teacher's instructions and guidelines that affect the child's perspective , and it has great impact on how children learn fractions. How does the use of learning materials the children's perspective and what impact it has on how they learn ?The results turned out to students' perspectives from the three categories . Students who used the secondary and tertiary artifact experienced laboratory material positive and instructive. The students described in their interviews that they could be active, team-working, have a variety and get a greater understanding of fractions. The students who used the primary artifact did not understand how to use learning materials in teaching. The difficulties that students experienced when they would use laboratory material was primarily due to teachers' instructions . The students did not understand how to use the material and it was not sufficiently specific and clear to them. Some students thought that it is teachers who have the answers . The observation could interpreted in that some students had difficulty understanding the task when they did not actively participate . Mostly in the study experienced students when they assumed the secondary and tertiary artifact that fights the data became more concrete with the help of rods , leading to the sense of reality that also led to increased communication between students.
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Freitas, Ricardo Luiz Barros de [UNESP]. "Fabricação, caracterização e aplicações do compósito PZT/PVDF." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100281.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Um material compósito é constituído pela combinação de dois ou mais materiais, onde se procura sintetizar um novo material multifásico, e que abrigue as melhores características individuais de cada um de seus constituintes. Compósitos de polímeros (matriz) e ferroelétricos (inclusões) podem manifestar piezoeletricidade, ou seja, a produção de uma resposta elétrica devido a uma excitação mecânica, e vice-versa. Nesta tese o material polimérico usado para preparar os filmes ou lâminas de nanocompósitos é o PVDF, e, o material cerâmico é formado por nanopartículas de PZT. Ambos os materiais são dielétricos, porém, com características muito distintas (por exemplo, o PVDF tem aproximadamente 1/4 da densidade e 1/250 da constante dielétrica do PZT). O PZT é muito utilizado em transdutores, principalmente devido aos seus elevados coeficientes piezoelétricos, contudo, é quebradiço e sofre desgaste quando empregado na forma de filmes ou lâminas. Por outro lado, o PVDF é um polímero piezoelétrico que apresenta grande flexibilidade e excelentes resistências mecânica e química, porém, seus coeficientes piezoelétricos são apenas moderados. A fim de se aumentar a flexibilidade do PZT, mistura-se o pó cerâmico, na forma de nanopartículas, com o PVDF, também pulverizado. Na tese, evidencia-se que o compósito constituído por esta combinação cerâmica-polímero proporciona uma nova classe de materiais funcionais com grande potencial de aplicação, por terem combinadas a resistência e rigidez das cerâmicas, e, a elasticidade, flexibilidade, baixa densidade e elevada resistência a ruptura mecânica dos polímeros. O novo material tem grande resistência a choques mecânicos, flexibilidade, maleabilidade, e, principalmente, coeficientes piezoelétricos relativamente elevados. Amostras do compósito...
A composite material is constituted by the combination of two or more materials, which synthesizes a new multiphase material, and has the best individual characteristics of each of its constituents. Polymer composites (matrix) and ferroelectric (inclusions) can express piezoelectricity, i.e. the production of an electrical response due to a mechanical excitation, and vice versa. In this thesis the polymeric material used to prepare the films or slides of nanocomposites is the PVDF, and, ceramic material is formed by PZT nanoparticles. Both materials are dielectrics, however, with very different characteristics (for example, the PVDF is approximately 1/4 density and 1/250 relative permittivity from PZT). The PZT is widely used in transducers, mainly due to their high piezoelectric coefficients, however, is brittle and suffers wear and tear when employed in the form of films or slides. On the other hand, the PVDF is a piezoelectric polymer that offers great flexibility and excellent mechanical and chemical resistances, however, its piezoelectric coefficients are only moderate. In order to increase the flexibility of PZT, ceramic powder is mix, in the form of nanoparticles, with PVDF, also sprayed. In theory, it becomes evident that composite consisting of this ceramic- polymer combination delivers a new class of functional materials with great potential for application, because they combine the strength and rigidity of ceramics, and elasticity, flexibility, low density and high resistance to mechanical disruption of polymers. The new material has great resistance to mechanical shock, flexibility, suppleness, and, primarily, relatively high piezoelectric coefficients. PZT/PVDF composite samples were fabricated and characterized aiming to applications such as: piezoelectric actuators, acoustic emission detectors, and energy... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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13

Freitas, Ricardo Luiz Barros de. "Fabricação, caracterização e aplicações do compósito PZT/PVDF /." Ilha Solteira, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100281.

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Orientador: Aparecido Augusto de Carvalho
Coorientador: Antônio de Pádua Lima Filho
Banca: Cláudio Kitano
Banca: João Antonio Pereira
Banca: Adriano Rogério Bruno Tech
Resumo: Um material compósito é constituído pela combinação de dois ou mais materiais, onde se procura sintetizar um novo material multifásico, e que abrigue as melhores características individuais de cada um de seus constituintes. Compósitos de polímeros (matriz) e ferroelétricos (inclusões) podem manifestar piezoeletricidade, ou seja, a produção de uma resposta elétrica devido a uma excitação mecânica, e vice-versa. Nesta tese o material polimérico usado para preparar os filmes ou lâminas de nanocompósitos é o PVDF, e, o material cerâmico é formado por nanopartículas de PZT. Ambos os materiais são dielétricos, porém, com características muito distintas (por exemplo, o PVDF tem aproximadamente 1/4 da densidade e 1/250 da constante dielétrica do PZT). O PZT é muito utilizado em transdutores, principalmente devido aos seus elevados coeficientes piezoelétricos, contudo, é quebradiço e sofre desgaste quando empregado na forma de filmes ou lâminas. Por outro lado, o PVDF é um polímero piezoelétrico que apresenta grande flexibilidade e excelentes resistências mecânica e química, porém, seus coeficientes piezoelétricos são apenas moderados. A fim de se aumentar a flexibilidade do PZT, mistura-se o pó cerâmico, na forma de nanopartículas, com o PVDF, também pulverizado. Na tese, evidencia-se que o compósito constituído por esta combinação cerâmica-polímero proporciona uma nova classe de materiais funcionais com grande potencial de aplicação, por terem combinadas a resistência e rigidez das cerâmicas, e, a elasticidade, flexibilidade, baixa densidade e elevada resistência a ruptura mecânica dos polímeros. O novo material tem grande resistência a choques mecânicos, flexibilidade, maleabilidade, e, principalmente, coeficientes piezoelétricos relativamente elevados. Amostras do compósito... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: A composite material is constituted by the combination of two or more materials, which synthesizes a new multiphase material, and has the best individual characteristics of each of its constituents. Polymer composites (matrix) and ferroelectric (inclusions) can express piezoelectricity, i.e. the production of an electrical response due to a mechanical excitation, and vice versa. In this thesis the polymeric material used to prepare the films or slides of nanocomposites is the PVDF, and, ceramic material is formed by PZT nanoparticles. Both materials are dielectrics, however, with very different characteristics (for example, the PVDF is approximately 1/4 density and 1/250 relative permittivity from PZT). The PZT is widely used in transducers, mainly due to their high piezoelectric coefficients, however, is brittle and suffers wear and tear when employed in the form of films or slides. On the other hand, the PVDF is a piezoelectric polymer that offers great flexibility and excellent mechanical and chemical resistances, however, its piezoelectric coefficients are only moderate. In order to increase the flexibility of PZT, ceramic powder is mix, in the form of nanoparticles, with PVDF, also sprayed. In theory, it becomes evident that composite consisting of this ceramic- polymer combination delivers a new class of functional materials with great potential for application, because they combine the strength and rigidity of ceramics, and elasticity, flexibility, low density and high resistance to mechanical disruption of polymers. The new material has great resistance to mechanical shock, flexibility, suppleness, and, primarily, relatively high piezoelectric coefficients. PZT/PVDF composite samples were fabricated and characterized aiming to applications such as: piezoelectric actuators, acoustic emission detectors, and energy... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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14

Fahlén, Sara, and Ljungqvist Josefa Nädele. "Textila material." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-16842.

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Under ett samarbete med underklädesbutiken Bornevings har information om textila materialtagits fram. Butiken erbjuder alltid god service när det gäller utprovning av plagg men saknarbaskunskaper om textila material och hur de tillverkas. Textil informationen har tagits framför att underlätta detta problem. Kunskapsbristen kommer nu att eliminerats så personalen kanerbjuda den bästa servicen.För att få reda på hur informationen på bästa sätt skulle redovisas för butiken studeradespedagogik. Inlärning fungerar olika för alla, vissa tar till sig bilder medan andra lättare kanregistrera text. Lärande äger rum mellan minst två personer. Det ena kan vara i form av enskrift, till exempel en bok. För att kunna ställa sig kritisk till ämnen krävs först kunskap. Allkunskap är positiv för individen och ligger till grund för ens förutsättningar i livet.För att personalen hela tiden ska kunna gå tillbaka till den information som tagits fram tillbutiken har informationen valts att redovisas i ett tryckt format. Resultatet blev en handbok.Den innehåller information om materialen som varorna i Bornevings butik består av. Materialsom tas upp är bomull, polyester, polyamid, elastan, modal, viskos, lyocell, ull och silke.I handboken beskrivs det grundläggande om hur ett material blir till, alltifrån fiberstadiettill tillverkningsprocesser såsom väv och trikå, samt hur de olika metoderna kan påverkaslutresultatet.Handboken gavs ut till en urvalsgrupp av olika ålder, kön och yrke. Det för att kontrolleratextens nivå så att den var enkel att ta in och att fackord eliminerats. Allt för att skapa en såenkel och informativ text som möjligt.During collaboration with the underwear store Borneving has information on textile materialsbeen developed. The store always offers excellent service when it comes to try out the best fitof garments but lacks basic knowledge of textile materials and how they are made. A textilehandbook has been produced to prevent this problem. The lack of knowledge will now beeliminated so the staff can provide the best service.To find out how the information in the best way would be presented for the store werepedagogy studied. Learning works differently for everyone. Some will remember pictureswhile others can more easily register text. Learning takes place between at least two people.One person may be in the form of a book. In order to be critical to subjects it requiresknowledge. All knowledge is positive for the individual and forms the basis of one'sopportunities in life.In order so the staff all the time can go back to the information generated to the shop theinformation has been selected to be presented in a printed format. The result of this was ahandbook. It includes information about materials to which the goods in Bornevings shopconsists of. Materials covered are cotton, polyester, polyamide, elastane, modal, viscose,lyocell, wool and silk. The handbook describes the basic of how a material is created, fromfiber through to manufacturing processes such as woven and knitted, and how the differentmethods can affect the final result.The handbook was distributed to a select group of different age, gender and occupation. Thiswas to control the text's level so it was easy to take in and that technical terms are eliminated.All to create a simple and informative handbook as possible.
Program: Textil produktutveckling med entreprenörs- och affärsinriktning
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15

Murphy, John A. "Material accomodation." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53239.

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Architectural decision making, in terms of a formal design methodology, must be based on a sincere understanding and sympathetic employment of architectural building materials. These materials, each with their own inherent tectonics, come together to formulate a network of inter-dependent relationships categorized as material accommodation. Material accommodation consists of three specific areas. First, as indicators of formal issues, secondly, they will communicate structural awareness, and finally from a syntactic dimension.
Master of Architecture
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Granger, Danielle Ray. "Material Distinctions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98557.

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The object of this thesis is a modestly scaled house at Smith Mountain Lake. The objective of this thesis is to please the senses through material composition. We gain knowledge and sensible understanding of our world through physical interaction and direct sensory experience. Through touching, smelling, listening, and observing we form and guide our choices. These experiences enrich the designer's knowledge of material properties and thus the proper use of materials. The primary focus of this study seeks to understand the physical properties of materials in relation to a site and to each other. Following, it attempts to transform these materials into elements of architecture, as the functional components of a building. Forms derive their unique qualities from these materials; qualities that enrich our consciousness, evoke sensible memories, and fulfill expectations. Chosen for their qualities as well as their perceptions, brick and wood, present a dynamic dialogue about mass in volume.The story of this house is told in relation to how the brick responds to the primary structure and how it orchestrates architectural elements within the whole. The dichotomy between these two materials lends this study to a larger exploration of joinery. The internal joining of wood to wood, or tectonic joining, produces a different expression than the joining of different materials. Wood to brick, for instance produces the legible differentiation of the architectural elements within the house. The arrangement of these materials articulates structure as well as spatial distinctions within the whole. Where volumes detach, glass bridges these materials as its attributes blend the differentiation between an interior and exterior condition. Articulating how these materials meet addresses essential architectural questions of knowledge, thought, and order as well as ephemeral pleasures. To enjoy the physical experience, as it is embraced by all of the senses, is the final goal and desire of this thesis.
Master of Architecture
This quest began by trying to treat one side of a constructed line independently from the other side. Formal distinctions were made, and then later material distinctions in order to treat a building's interior and exterior independently. This thesis study treats the structure independently from the envelope, while creating spatial distinctions within the house through material decisions. Brick and wood were chosen for their contrasting properties, both physically and perceptually. The Brick, with its telluric, of the earth presence, has an obligation to the site, weather, and time. The wood on the other hand, with its tectonic nature, has an obligation to the human touch. The structure, which serves as protection from the elements, its pulled inside to live with the humans as heavy timber posts. The brick is then left to the essential elements of the house, to one day stand as ruins. Namely, the entrance, the hearth, the base, and parts of the envelope, The architectural questions are then asked through material composition and elemental joints.
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17

Hakala, Allison Lynn. "Material homonyms." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1327598023.

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KRIVANKA, SARAH M. "SENSITIVE MATERIAL." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1179208847.

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Bailey, Teri. "Material Bodies." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555451326557221.

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20

Wetterström, Vendela. "Social Material." Thesis, Konstfack, Grafisk design & illustration, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7998.

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21

Jordan, Anne. "Material Meaning." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2789.

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The synthesis of old and new, analog and digital, and hand- and computer-based methods provides designers with an opportunity to work beyond the constraints of the computer and take advantage of the aesthetic effects that actual materials bring to visual communication. Designers who choose to actively participate in their process – bringing the aesthetic effects of working materially into the realm of the digital – will likely learn to reject an approach that relies too heavily on passive digital tools. Active participation in the design process can extend our creative vocabulary and humanize visual communication.
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Meadows, Jessica Morris Natasha. "Material sustainability /." Click here to view, 2009. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/arcesp/1/.

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23

Minchin, Carol E. "Material Origins." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5164.

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The intent of this thesis project was to use sculpture as a means of investigation for exploring the structural uses of Masonite, and to understand how those uses affect the nature of my work. The transformation of this material into form becomes the a process that is adjusted and refined until a formal solution is found. The tension, texture, scale, and form of the work contribute to a dialogue that results in sculptures that reference the human body and the growth of plants.
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Medina, Menares Sebastían, Espinoza Francisco Higinio Ruiz, and Rojas Daniel Sanhueza. "Material Pipol." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/146309.

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Memoria audiovisual para optar al Título Profesional de Periodista
"En la primera visita de Madonna al país, Eduardo Espinoza, presidente del fan club oficial Madonna Chile, quiere estar lo más preparado posible para recibir a su ídola. Su amor por ella es tan grande, que durante meses prepara las actividades que rodearán el evento, pero las dificultades surgirán cuando los fanáticos prefieran preocuparse por su propio bien, antes que por la comunidad completa”.
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Zeligman, Brooke. "Material murmurings." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1600.

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This thesis, Material Murmurings, comprising of exegesis and creative practice, focuses on the central research question: “How do we understand the materiality of glass and what happens when said materiality is approached through feminist scholarship?” This question forms the basis for an investigation through creative practice and analysis via an interpretive framework of feminist knowledges of the body. The creative practice embraces glass as the central medium with a series of exhibitions that responded to the interpretive paradigm. It is expected that Material Murmurings will highlight and make evident the value of post-technical approaches in glass art which have only recently become an acknowledged form of contemporary visual arts within Australia and, to a lesser degree, the broader international context. The intention of this thesis is to address the lack of dialogue surrounding glass as a contemporary visual arts material by discussing how female artists have been using glass within their practice through a paradigm of feminist scholarship of the body. A lack of formalised inquiry into the material depth of glass exists. Through formalising this discussion via a framework of feminist knowledges, the study will open up the possibilities for writing about glass, allowing for the expansion of the dialogue surrounding contemporary glass art. The study will also make visible and highlight the breadth and diversity of contemporary glass works being produced particularly by female visual artists, embracing the material itself for its depth and wealth of possible meaning. The exegesis pays particular attention to the work of female artists who have embraced glass for its materiality. Materiality is understood as the insistence of meaning that a material contributes to a work of art; the qualities, history and function beyond the decorative or aesthetic value that the material contributes to the artwork. My feminist visual arts praxis has provided the motivation for this exegesis and my obsession with glass has driven the choices of artists and theorists discussed. The exegesis demonstrates how glass can be interpreted/read/understood within the visual arts through a feminist lens. Various exhibitions through the research period culminated in a final exhibition titled Material Murmurings (2013). These exhibitions revealed different ways of critically interpreting and locating glass works beyond the traditional craft paradigm. This research has responded to the contemporary scholarly call for a need for visual arts critical review to be more inclusive of contemporary glass works, and has provided through practice-led research that is inclusive of materiality, praxis and process, a basis for this, with significant outcomes exhibited as artefact/object/publication.
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Gokay, Kemal. "Contact Mechanics Of Graded Materials With Two Dimensional Material Property Variations." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606527/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT CONTACT MECHANICS OF GRADED MATERIALS WITH TWODIMENSIONAL MATERIAL PROPERTY VARIATIONS Gö
kay, Kemal M.S., Department of Mechanical Engineering Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Serkan Dag September 2005, 62 pages Ceramic layers used as protective coatings in tribological applications are known to be prone to cracking and debonding due to their brittle nature. Recent experiments with functionally graded ceramics however show that these material systems are particularly useful in enhancing the resistance of a surface to tribological damage. This improved behavior is attributed to the influence of the material property gradation on the stress distribution that develops at the contacting surfaces. The main interest in the present study is in the contact mechanics of a functionally graded surface with a two &ndash
dimensional spatial variation in the modulus of elasticity. Poisson&rsquo
s ratio is assumed to be constant due to its insignificant effect on the contact stress distribution [30]. In the formulation of the problem it is assumed that the functionally graded surface is in frictional sliding contact with a rigid flat stamp. Using elasticity theory and semi-infinite plane approximation for the graded medium, the problem is reduced to a singular integral equation of the second kind. Integral equation is solved numerically by expanding the unknown contact stress distribution into a series of Jacobi polynomials and using suitable collocation points. The developed method is validated by providing comparisons to a closed form solution derived for homogeneous materials. Main numerical results consist of the effects of the material nonhomogeneity parameters, coefficient of friction and stamp size and location on the contact stress distribution.
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27

Magnusson, Simon. "Environmental Perspectives on Urban Material Stocks used in Construction : Granular Materials." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geoteknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-60305.

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The peoples demand of functions and services in cities is the driver for energy and material flows. Most people in the world are now living in urban areas. In order to achieve a sustainable development of cities, both resource use and environmental impact have to be reduced. For construction activities, an important aspect is to increase the reuse of construction materials. From a resource perspective, the urban demand for construction of buildings, infrastructure and other facilities results in materials accumulated in constructions but also in other applications and in landfills. The materials can be described as the urban material stock where some materials are used and others are not used, i.e. wasted. There are many cases where material stocks are used for construction purposes. For example, used concrete and bricks, excavated soil and rock from construction projects and other wasted materials such as rubber from tires can be crushed, shredded and sorted to granules and used in many different construction applications. Different perspectives can be applied when assessing the environmental impacts of using stocked material in construction. The overall aim of this thesis is to study the environmental impacts of using granular soil, rock and rubber in construction. For soil and rock, the aim is to study the environmental impact of material management in urban areas. For granular rubber, the aim is to study the environmental impact of artificial turf from a life cycle perspective and from different infill materials of recycled and new rubber and plastics.  The literature of excavated soil and rock was reviewed in order to identify and quantify the material flows and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the management of soil and rock materials. For artificial turf and the different infill materials, a life cycle approach was used to quantify the energy use and GHG emissions. A chemical analysis of potential chemical leaching from the different infill materials to water was conducted in order to compare potential local emissions to water.  Based on the results, it was concluded that the knowledge about the urban flows of excavated soil and rock is lacking in terms of patterns, quantities, qualities and its environmental performance. A resource perspective is missing in the literature. However, the recycling of soil and rock can reduce resource use and GHG emissions. It was suggested that models are developed that take into account future material demand and availability to soils and rock. From such information it would be able to assess sustainable management practices and the possibilities of sharing materials between urban construction projects in order to reduce resource use and environmental impact.  It was concluded that for the life cycle of artificial turf, the production of construction materials contributes largely to energy use and GHG emissions. Differences in terms of energy use and GHG emissions for the production of infill materials are large. The production of new material required more energy and resulted in more GHG emissions than using recycled rubber. The potential release of substances from infill materials to water were shown to be possible for all infill materials analyzed. Previous assessments of local environmental impacts of using infills generally concludes that the impacts are small. These assessments are primarily focused on infill of recycled tires. It is therefore concluded that environmental assessments of local impact should include all infill types.  Environmental assessments of using stocked materials in construction should take into consideration the material applications´ significance for the environmental impacts at a higher system level. Broader system boundaries in environmental assessments will reduce the risk for sub-optimizations when taking decisions on how materials should be used in construction.
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28

Winstanley, Julie Anne. "A material-discursive-intrapsychic (MDI) approach to understanding women's maternal experiences." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430295.

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29

Blom, Ulrika. "Hållbara material : fossilbaserade material byts mot hållbar (biobaserad) textil." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-22059.

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Textil- och klädtillverkning är en tungt miljöbelastande bransch. För att ändra på det och få textilindustrin i en riktning mot en hållbar utveckling behöver CO2-utsläpp avsevärt minskas, vattenförbrukningen drastiskt sjunka och risken för spridning av mikroplaster i naturen minimeras. De tre vanligaste textila fibrerna på marknaden, polyester, bomull och polyamid, orsakar stora utsläpp av CO2 och förbrukar enorma mängder vatten. Den här rapporten söker finna svar på vilka textila material som kan uppfylla kraven på hållbarhet och om det finns miljövänliga material med likvärdig slitstyrka som hos de tre största fiberslagen. Med hjälp av en litteraturstudie, ett klassificeringsverktyg och ett antal tester på fysiska prover har materialen ovan tillsammans med lyocell och PLA undersökts och studerats. Den ekologiska och den fysiska hållbarheten har jämförts och värderats. Resultatet av studierna ger inga entydiga svar på frågorna. PLA verkar lovande, men är omgiven av en osäkerhet. Under tiden studien har pågått finns inga tecken på försvagning av PLA-tyget, men kommer det hålla för hundra tvättar? Lyocell är miljömässigt hållbart och slitstarkt i teorin, men smulades tidigt sönder i nötningstestet. Lyocelltyget var gjort av tunt stapelfibergarn. Skulle det varit starkare om det varit tillverkat av filamentgarn? Återvunnen polyester kontra jungfrulig polyester ger ingen stor miljövinst. Däremot ger återvunnen polyamid och ekologisk bomull stora miljömässiga förtjänster. Lyocell, PLA, ekologisk bomull och återvunnen polyamid skulle kunna vara ekologiskt och fysiskt hållbara material.
Textiles and apparel manufacturing is a heavily polluting industry. To change that and get the textile industry in the direction of sustainable development, following must be done. Emissions of CO2 need to be considerably reduced, water consumption must drastically decline and the risk of spreading microplastics in nature have to be minimized. The three most common textile fibres on the market, polyester, cotton and polyamide, causing large emissions of CO2 and consumes huge amounts of water. This report seeks to find the textile materials that can meet the requirements of sustainability and eco-friendly materials of equivalent strength as in the three largest fibers like above. With the help of a literature review, a classification tool and a number of tests on physical samples have the materials above along with lyocell and PLA been examined and studied. The ecological sustainability and physical durability has been compared and measured. The results of the studies provides no clear-cut answers to the questions. The PLA seems promising, but are surrounded by uncertainty. In the meantime, the study has been going on, there are no signs of weakening of PLA-fabric, but will it keep for one hundred washes? Lyocell is environmentally sustainable and durable in the theory, but got an early break in the abrasion test. The lyocell fabric were made of thin yarn of staple fibers. Would it have been stronger if it had been made of filament yarn? Recycled polyester versus virgin polyester gives no great environmental benefits. However, recycled polyamide and organic cotton get large environmental gains. Lyocell, PLA, organic cotton and recycled polyamide could be environmentally and physically durable materials.
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30

Andersson, Julia. "För- och nackdelar med olika undervisningsmaterial : En intervjustudie om undervisningsmaterial vid introduktionen av subtraktion." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, Matematikdidaktik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30795.

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Studiens syfte är att undersöka sju lärares val av undervisningsmaterial vid introduktionen av subtraktion. Utgångspunkten i studien är taget ur livsvärldsfenomenologin, och data har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer där det kvalitativa datamaterialet sedan analyserats genom olika teman. Resultatet visar att samtliga lärare var överens om att konkret och laborativt material var att föredra vid introduktionen av subtraktion. Läroböckerna användes istället vid ett senare stadium för att hjälpa eleverna att befästa kunskaperna på en mer abstrakt nivå.
The aim of this study is to look into what teaching material seven teachers choose to use during the introduction of subtraction.The study has been inspired by life-world phenomenology, and has been conducted through semi-structured interviews, where the qualitative datasets later have been analyzed through different themes. The results show that all of the teachers agreed that concrete and laboratory materials where to prefer when introducing subtraction. The textbooks were used at a later stage to help the pupils consolidate their knowledge at a more abstract level.
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Correia, Sivaldo Leite. "Efeito de materias-primas nas propriedades tecnologicas de massas ceramicas para pavimento gres." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1996. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/158084.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnologico
Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-08T21:10:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 105512.pdf: 2317550 bytes, checksum: 9193c7f4765fca76cc8b906c9b1daab0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996
Estudo de propriedades físico-químicas e tecnológicas de matérias-primas e massas cerâmicas para pavimento grês. Foram efetuadas análises químicas e mineralógicas em argilas, caulim, arenito, filito, fonolito e talco. O processamento foi feito a partir do pó. Visando dar uma aplicação para as matérias-primas, foi determinado o diagramas de gresificação, a densidade aparente a seco e no sinterizado, o coeficiente de dilatação térmica linear e a resistência mecânica por compressão diametral.
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32

Zeng, Jiani. "Expand material presence to material experience with volumetric thinking : voxel based multi-material printing in designing objects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129844.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, February, 2020
Cataloged from student-submitted version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 68-70).
Material serves as the first touchpoint between an object and a person. In current product development, material together with color and finishing is regarded as a separate entity from the form and function design. Every material needs to be paired with a series of optimal manufacturing processes for the desired effect. In many cases, this is handled with material design specialists. People perceive a material primarily by its surface: chromatic, tactile, and decorative identity it displays or the temperature and hardness when touching it. Typically, this material surface can be viewed as a two-dimensional entity that reveals limited-expression and information to be delivered via human intervention. In this thesis, we propose to get away from surface obsession in object and industrial design, by adding another dimension to the material interface. By embedding information into three-dimensional matter, we introduce volumetric material: a new material organization that responds directly to the user intervention or the environment. With multi-material 3D printing, we envision a future in product development where the design of surface detail, texture, reflexivity can finally be merged with the overall product composition from the beginning of the design process. With voxel printing capability, we designed and tested material interface with depth and explored volumetric behavior that is both visually and functionally meaningful to the user, and discussed the results.
by Jiani Zeng.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
S.M.inEngineeringandManagement Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program
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33

Wiedenman, Nathan Scott. "Towards programmable materials : tunable material properties through feedback control of conducting polymers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45889.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-168).
Mammalian skeletal muscle is an amazing actuation technology that can controllably modify its force and position outputs as well as its material properties such as stiffness. Unlike muscle, current engineering materials are limited by their intrinsic properties, dictated at the molecular level.This work is focused on developing an integrated device, called a programmable material, which mirrors the capabilities of natural co-fabricated controlled actuation systems such as muscle. While such a device may have the external appearance of a homogeneous material, it can possess unique properties not existing in any currently manufactured material. When actuation, sensing, and control capabilities are integrated within a closed-loop system, the mechanical properties of the system such as stiffness, viscosity, and inertia will arise from the dynamics of the feedback loop rather than from any inherent mechanical properties of the materials from which the device was fabricated. Moreover, these properties may be 'tuned' by altering the feedback parameters embedded in the material system. With this approach properties such as negative stiffness may be generated which do not exist in bulk materials.The most promising of the existing artificial muscle technologies is actuation with conducting polymer. Additionally, conducting polymer has been used to fabricate the position sensor and control electronics. Creating these components from a single type of material has made it possible to co-fabricate the system into an integrated device. This is the first research to attempt to create a co-fabricated, fully integrated conducting polymer feedback device. This work establishes the feasibility of building the device and answers many of the questions of fabrication and design.
by Nathan Scott Wiedenman.
Ph.D.
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34

Johansson, Simon. "Creating Digital Photorealistic Material Renders by Observing Physical Material Properties." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-16943.

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When creating materials in computer graphics, the most common method is to estimate the properties based on intuition. This seems like a flawed approach, seeing as a big part of the industry has already moved to a physically based workflow. A better method would be to observe real material properties, and use that data in the application. This research delves into the art of material creation by first explaining the theory behind the properties of materials through a literature review. The review also reveals techniques that separate and visually presents these properties to artists, giving them a better understanding of how a material behaves. Through action research, an empirical study then presents a workflow for creating photorealistic renders using data collected with these techniques. While the techniques still require subjective decisions when recreating the materials, they do help artists create more accurate renderings with less guesswork.
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Dan-Jumbo, F. G. "Material and structural properties of a novel Aer-Tech material." Thesis, Coventry University, 2015. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/699ca3a1-deec-4549-b907-0e06bcdad83f/1.

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This study critically investigates the material and structural behaviour of Aer-Tech material. Aer- Tech material is composed of 10% by volume of foam mechanically entrapped in a plastic mortar. The research study showed that the density of the material mix controls all other properties such as fresh state properties, mechanical properties, functional properties and acoustic properties. Appreciably, the research had confirmed that Aer-Tech material despite being classified as a light weight material had given high compressive strength of about 33.91N/mm2. The compressive strength characteristics of Aer-Tech material make the material a potential cost effective construction material, comparable to conventional concrete. The material also showed through this study that it is a structural effective material with its singly reinforced beam giving ultimate moment of about 38.7KN. In addition, the Aer-Tech material is seen as a very good ductile material since, the singly reinforced beam in tension showed visible signs of diagonal vertical cracks long before impending rapture. Consequently, the SEM test and the neural network model predictions, carried out had showed how billions of closely tight air cells are evenly distributed within the Aer-Tech void system as well as the close prediction of NN model for compressive strength and density are same with the experimental results of compressive strength and density. The result shows that the Aer-Tech NN-model can simulate inputs data and predicts their corresponding output data.
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Jönsson, Inez. "Med måleriets material." Thesis, Kungl. Konsthögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kkh:diva-303.

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Ng, Chun-yuen Ronald, and 伍俊源. "Building Material Centre." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31983583.

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38

Ek, Kristofer. "Additivt tillverkat material." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-152230.

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SammanfattningDet här projektet behandlar området Additiv Tillverkning (AM) för metalliska material och undersöker om det är lämpligt att använda vid produktion inom flygindustrin. AM är en relativt ny tillverkningsmetod där föremål byggs upp lager för lager direkt ifrån en datormodell. Teknikområdet tillåter i många fall större konstruktionsfriheter som möjliggör tillverkning av mer viktoptimerade och funktionella artiklar. Andra fördelar är materialbesparing och kortare ledtider vilket har ett stort ekonomiskt värde.En omfattande litteraturstudie har gjorts för att utvärdera alla tekniker som finns på marknaden och karakterisera vad som skiljer de olika processerna. Även maskiners prestanda och kvalité på tillverkat material utvärderas, och för varje teknik listas möjligheter och begränsningar. Teknikerna delas grovt upp i pulverbäddsprocesser och material deposition-processer. Pulverbäddsteknikerna tillåter större friheter i konstruktion, medan material deposition-processerna tillåter tillverkning av större artiklar. Den vanligaste energikällan är laser som ger ett starkare men mer sprött material än de alternativa energikällorna elektronstråle och ljusbåge.Två specifika tekniker har valts ut för att undersöka närmare i detta projekt. Electron Beam Melting (EBM) från Arcam och Wire fed plasma arc direct metal deposition från Norsk Titanium (NTiC). EBM är en pulverbäddsprocess som kan tillverka färdiga artiklar i begränsad storlek då låga krav ställs på toleranser och ytfinhet. NTiC använder en material deposition-process med en ljusbåge för att smälta ner trådmaterial till en nära färdig artikel. Den senare metoden är mycket snabb och kan tillverka stora artiklar, men måste maskinbearbetas till slutgiltig form. En materialundersökning har genomförts där Ti6Al4V-material från båda teknikerna har undersökts i mikroskop och testats för hårdhet. För EBM-material har även ytfinhet och svetsbarhet undersökts då begränsad byggvolym i många fall kräver fogning. Materialen har egenskaper bättre än gjutet material med avseende på styrka och duktilitet, men inte lika bra som valsat material. Provning visar att skillnaden på mekaniska egenskaper i olika riktningar är liten även fast materialet har en inhomogen makrostruktur med kolumnära korn i byggriktningen. EBM ger en finare mikrostruktur och ett starkare material och, tillsammans med de ökade konstruktionsfriheterna, så är det den tekniken som är bäst lämpad för flygplansartiklar då svetsbarheten är god och det finns möjlighet att bearbeta ytan till slutgiltigt krav.Nyckelord: Additiv Tillverkning, Flygteknik, Titan
AbstractThis project treats Additive Manufacturing (AM) for metallic material and the question if it is suitable to be used in the aeronautics industry. AM is a relatively new production method where objects are built up layer by layer from a computer model. The art of AM allows in many cases more design freedoms that enables production of more weight optimized and functional articles. Other advantages are material savings and shorter lead times which have a large economic value.An extensive literature study has been made to evaluate all techniques on the market and characterize what separates the different processes. Also machine performance and material quality is evaluated, and advantages and disadvantages are listed for each technique. The techniques are widely separated in powder bed processes and material deposition processes. The powder bed techniques allow more design freedom while the material deposition techniques allow production of large articles. The most common energy source is laser that gives a harder and more brittle material than the alternative energy sources electron beam and electric arc.Two specific techniques have been selected to investigate further in this project. Electron Beam Melting (EBM) from Arcam and Wire fed plasma arc direct metal deposition from Norsk Titanium (NTiC). EBM is a powder bed process that can manufacture finished articles in limited size when no requirements are set on tolerances and surface roughness. NTiC uses a material deposition process with electric arc to melt wire material to a near-net shape. The latter method is very fast and can produce large articles, but have to be machined to finished shape. A material investigation have been made where Ti6Al4V-material from both techniques have been investigated in microscope and tested for hardness. For the EBM-material have also surface roughness and weldability been investigated since the limited building volume often requires welding. The materials have mechanical properties better than cast material with respect to strength and ductility, but not as good as wrought material. Test results show that the difference in mechanical properties in different directions is small, even though the material has an inhomogeneous macrostructure with columnar grains in the building direction. The EBM-material has a finer microstructure and a stronger material and, in combination with improved design freedom, this technique is most suitable for aerospace articles when the weldability is good and it is possible to surface work where requirements of the surface roughness are set.Keywords: Additive Manufacturing, Aeronautics, Titanium
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39

Ek, Kristofer. "Additive Manufactured Material." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-156887.

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This project treats Additive Manufacturing (AM) for metallic material and the question if it is suitable to be used in the aeronautics industry. AM is a relatively new production method where objects are built up layer by layer from a computer model. The art of AM allows in many cases more design freedoms that enables production of more weight optimized and functional articles. Other advantages are material savings and shorter lead times which have a large economic value. An extensive literature study has been made to evaluate all techniques on the market and characterize what separates the different processes. Also machine performance and material quality is evaluated, and advantages and disadvantages are listed for each technique. The techniques are widely separated in powder bed processes and material deposition processes. The powder bed techniques allow more design freedom while the material deposition techniques allow production of large articles. The most common energy source is laser that gives a harder and more brittle material than the alternative energy sources electron beam and electric arc. Two specific techniques have been selected to investigate further in this project. Electron Beam Melting (EBM) from Arcam and Wire fed plasma arc direct metal deposition from Norsk Titanium (NTiC). EBM is a powder bed process that can manufacture finished articles in limited size when no requirements are set on tolerances and surface roughness. NTiC uses a material deposition process with electric arc to melt wire material to a near-net shape. The latter method is very fast and can produce large articles, but have to be machined to finished shape. A material investigation have been made where Ti6Al4V-material from both techniques have been investigated in microscope and tested for hardness. For the EBM-material have also surface roughness and weldability been investigated since the limited building volume often requires welding. The materials have mechanical properties better than cast material with respect to strength and ductility, but not as good as wrought material. Test results show that the difference in mechanical properties in different directions is small, even though the material has an inhomogeneous macrostructure with columnar grains in the building direction. The EBM-material has a finer microstructure and a stronger material and, in combination with improved design freedom, this technique is most suitable for aerospace articles when the weldability is good and it is possible to surface work where requirements of the surface roughness are set. Keywords: Additive Manufacturing, Aeronautics, Titanium
Det här projektet behandlar området Additiv Tillverkning (AM) för metalliska material och undersöker om det är lämpligt att använda vid produktion inom flygindustrin. AM är en relativt ny tillverkningsmetod där föremål byggs upp lager för lager direkt ifrån en datormodell. Teknikområdet tillåter i många fall större konstruktionsfriheter som möjliggör tillverkning av mer viktoptimerade och funktionella artiklar. Andra fördelar är materialbesparing och kortare ledtider vilket har ett stort ekonomiskt värde. En omfattande litteraturstudie har gjorts för att utvärdera alla tekniker som finns på marknaden och karakterisera vad som skiljer de olika processerna. Även maskiners prestanda och kvalité på tillverkat material utvärderas, och för varje teknik listas möjligheter och begränsningar. Teknikerna delas grovt upp i pulverbäddsprocesser och material deposition-processer. Pulverbäddsteknikerna tillåter större friheter i konstruktion, medan material deposition-processerna tillåter tillverkning av större artiklar. Den vanligaste energikällan är laser som ger ett starkare men mer sprött material än de alternativa energikällorna elektronstråle och ljusbåge. Två specifika tekniker har valts ut för att undersöka närmare i detta projekt. Electron Beam Melting (EBM) från Arcam och Wire fed plasma arc direct metal deposition från Norsk Titanium (NTiC). EBM är en pulverbäddsprocess som kan tillverka färdiga artiklar i begränsad storlek då låga krav ställs på toleranser och ytfinhet. NTiC använder en material deposition-process med en ljusbåge för att smälta ner trådmaterial till en nära färdig artikel. Den senare metoden är mycket snabb och kan tillverka stora artiklar, men måste maskinbearbetas till slutgiltig form. En materialundersökning har genomförts där Ti6Al4V-material från båda teknikerna har undersökts i mikroskop och testats för hårdhet. För EBM-material har även ytfinhet och svetsbarhet undersökts då begränsad byggvolym i många fall kräver fogning. Materialen har egenskaper bättre än gjutet material med avseende på styrka och duktilitet, men inte lika bra som valsat material. Provning visar att skillnaden på mekaniska egenskaper i olika riktningar är liten även fast materialet har en inhomogen makrostruktur med kolumnära korn i byggriktningen. EBM ger en finare mikrostruktur och ett starkare material och, tillsammans med de ökade konstruktionsfriheterna, så är det den tekniken som är bäst lämpad för flygplansartiklar då svetsbarheten är god och det finns möjlighet att bearbeta ytan till slutgiltigt krav. Nyckelord: Additiv Tillverkning, Flygteknik, Titan
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40

Ahmed, Zeinab. "Material och Lagerstyrningssystem." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-42739.

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Tidigare hade Husmuttern problem med att styra lagernivåer och inköpsorder, detta påverkade negativt på produktionen. Företaget hade inget effektivt system för att utföra planering och styra lagernivåer. Styrning av material och lagernivå utförs utifrån externa leverantörer. Transporten av råmaterial har planerats till varannan dag utan att ta hänsyn till fordonens uppfyllnadsnivå eller hur det påverkar transportkostnad och miljö. Syftet med examenarbetet är att identifiera problem och ge rekommendationer med stöd av teorier om hur ett effektivt materialplaneringssystem kan genomföras, för att öka lönsamhet, minska transportkostnad, miljöpåverkan samt uppnå balans mellan materialflöde och efterfrågan. Resultaten visade att genom att använda ett effektivt materialplaneringssystem, styrs både lagernivå och inköpsorder. Studenten testade även att använda beställningspunktsmetod för att styra lagernivå och inköpsorder.
Previously, Husmuttern had difficulty controlling inventory levels and purchase orders. This had a negative impact on production. The company had no effective system to plan and control inventory levels; material and inventory management was performed by an external supplier. The transport of raw materials was planned every other day and failed to take into account the vehicle’s load capacity, it has affected transport costs and the environment. The purpose of the thesis work is to identify problems and provide recommendations, supported by theories of how an efficient material planning system can be implemented, to increase profitability, reduce transport costs, environmental impacts, as well as achieve balance between material flow and demand. The results showed that using an effective material planning system, both stock levels and purchase orders are controlled. The student tested using the order point method to control stock levels and purchase orders.
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Fitzgerald, Daniel John S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Spatial material interfaces." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112535.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 135-139).
Tangible Interfaces allow us to utilize our natural propensity for kinesthetic manipulation to control digital computation and touch virtual information. As the technology advances, these interfaces are re-envisioned as programmable materials, able to emulate dynamic physical properties to provide material-based affordances. In this work, I review the motivation and a brief history of Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) and examine the implications of the Radical Atoms vision for programmable Material User Interfaces (MUIs). I identify two current limitations to Radical Atoms in practice: 1) material rendering capability and 2) affordance prediction for general-purpose MUIs. I propose force-controlled material displays as a framework for future advancement in material property rendering. I also discuss the use of Al for contextual interaction recognition and introduce Spatial Behaviors as an alternative method to allow interfaces to infer appropriate interaction modes from their location in space. This thesis presents the context, motivation, framework, implementation, evaluation, and future roadmaps towards these visions. I present examples of each proposed paradigm, focusing on inFORCE, a force-controlled material display, and ReVeal, a spatial shape display for tangible rendering in Augmented and Virtual Reality. I analyze the technical performance of this system and assess the interface through user studies. Finally, I discuss potential applications of the current system, as well as limitations and premises for future development and improvement in the context of Radical Atoms.
by Daniel John Fitzgerald.
S.M.
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42

Andersson, Stefan, and Johan Elfvenfrost. "Material replenishment system." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10750.

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This thesis work has been written both for and in co-operation with the company IAC Group Gothenburg. The main purpose of the report is to find a new alternative material replenishment system which will improve the internal material flow and eliminate unnecessary work activities such as manual call offs. The aim is to find a new system to reduce the incidental costs incurred and improve customer service in quality and performance. Observations and interviews were conducted and an analysis of the current situation was made. Waste was identified in the form of unnecessary transport, specifically in milk runs, where time was spent looking for materials to be loaded. This creates uncertainty and may contribute to increased costs and poor customer service. Three different options for a new replenishment system were developed which were compared with the theory and present situation. The proposal was evaluated with respect to cost, available support, complexity and future compatibility. The analysis of the theory and current state shows the importance of a long-term solution with few risks of waste. The solution that best cope with this is an e-Kanban system that automates the replenishment system and would make manual material call offs disappear completely. The conclusion is that an e-Kanban system is the best long term option for a manufacturing company like IAC because it is highly adaptable to change, and can be integrated in the company’s ERP system. The recommendation is to implement a new e-Kanban system. First, it should be tested on a pilot station and then introduced to the whole production process.
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Allerstål, Elin, and Cecilia Nilsson. "Konkret material imatematikundervisningen." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö universitetsbibliotek, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-41698.

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Syftet med denna kunskapsöversikt är att undersöka om och hur konkret material gynnar eleversmatematikinlärning i de tidigare åren i grundskolan. Frågeställningen är följande:-Om och på vilket sätt kan konkret material främja elevers matematikinlärning?Genom ett systematiskt söksätt i olika databaser har vi funnit relevanta vetenskapliga artiklarsom besvarar arbetets frågeställning och resultatet grundar sig på. Databaserna som har använtsär ERIC, ERC, SWEpub samt Google Scholar. För att hitta fler relevanta artiklar har ävenkedjesökningar genomförts och sammanlagt har 8 artiklar analyserats och sammanfattats.Resultatet bygger på analyserat material utifrån internationella vetenskapliga artiklar som ledertill samstämmiga fakta kring konkret material och matematiklärandeResultatet har delats in i två delar som beskriver hur konkret material ökar begreppsförståelsesamt konkret material i matematikundervisningen. Slutsatsen av resultatet i dennakunskapsöversikt visar på att konkret material kan främja elevers matematikinlärning och attdet finns vissa förutsättningar för lärande i samband med konkret material som arbetssätt.
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Rončka, Martin. "Material Artefact Generation." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399191.

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Ne vždy je jednoduché získání dostatečně velké a kvalitní datové sady s obrázky zřetelných artefaktů, ať už kvůli nedostatku ze strany zdroje dat nebo složitosti tvorby anotací. To platí například pro radiologii, nebo také strojírenství. Abychom mohli využít moderní uznávané metody strojového učení které se využívají pro klasifikaci, segmentaci a detekci defektů, je potřeba aby byla datová sada dostatečně velká a vyvážená. Pro malé datové sady čelíme problémům jako je přeučení a slabost dat, které způsobují nesprávnou klasifikaci na úkor málo reprezentovaných tříd. Tato práce se zabývá prozkoumáváním využití generativních sítí pro rozšíření a vyvážení datové sady o nové vygenerované obrázky. Za použití sítí typu Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (CGAN) a heuristického generátoru anotací jsme schopni generovat velké množství nových snímků součástek s defekty. Pro experimenty s generováním byla použita datová sada závitů. Dále byly použity dvě další datové sady keramiky a snímků z MRI (BraTS). Nad těmito dvěma datovými sadami je provedeno zhodnocení vlivu generovaných dat na učení a zhodnocení přínosu pro zlepšení klasifikace a segmentace.
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Larsen, Matthew. "Material and Form." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31336.

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This thesis is the search for clarity in the relationship between essence and appearance, construction and form, necessity and possibility, object and subject. It is a reflection on the question of the nature of building. I cannot tell you that something is beautiful. I can only explain why I do what I do, and how I do it. I have tried to limit the text to a minimum, because architecture is not about words. Text is added to clarify an idea. The project is a bank made with brick in Old Town Alexandria.
Master of Architecture
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Sillies, Nicholas J. "Activating Material Craft." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1275663097.

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Lewis, Sage M. "The Material Image." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405708145.

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Ng, Chun-yuen Ronald. "Building Material Centre." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25948799.

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49

Paul, Lewis. "Story, narrative, material." Thesis, University of East London, 2014. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/4979/.

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This practice based Professional Doctorate in Fine Art explores the interaction between story, narrative, material, and related concepts. My creative practice is driven by considering autobiographical identity as a reclaimed space, the boundaries of which are adoption and sexuality. Conceptually, my work is informed by a matrix of boundary points, for example: masculine sexual identity and gender politics, (concepts that relate to the working man such as class, craft skill, visual identity) and on an experiential level, genetic and learned behaviour as considered through the nature and nurture debates concerning adoption. These conceptual positions become articulated by formally engaging strategies of doubling, reflection, hybridisation, stillness and movement. These are materially evident in the range of my creative practice where sartorial codes of male dress are deconstructed in made objects, manipulated found objects are repurposed and film-based single screen works undertake to position the body in relation to the hidden view point. My research considers the position of lyrical discourse as an artist’s strategy, reviewing contemporary practitioners that explore these concerns. Through a developed material practice I have sought an exploration of how the intersections between concepts of story, narrative and material might contribute to how concepts of gender perceptions, family perceptions, and identity perceptions might be developed and articulated.
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Andersson, Isabelle. "MATERIAL, - vad, hur och varför? : - En undersökning om material i bildundervisningen." Thesis, Konstfack, Institutionen för Bildpedagogik (BI), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-4561.

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