Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Material'
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Braconnier, Daniel J. "Materials Informatics Approach to Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing." Digital WPI, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/204.
Full textStochero, Naiane Paiva. "Desenvolvimento de cerâmica refratária com fibra de aço e sílica residual proveniente da queima da casca de arroz." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2015. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/782.
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O Estado do Rio Grande do Sul apresenta um dos maiores índices de produção de arroz do país, e Alegrete é um dos municípios que lidera esta estatística. A casca de arroz é um dos subprodutos originados do beneficiamento do arroz, e é muito utilizada como fonte de energia térmica para a geração de energia elétrica. Após a queima é gerada a cinza da casca do arroz, rica em sílica. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é diversificar o aproveitamento deste resíduo como matéria-prima alternativa para materiais cerâmicos refratários e agregar valor a este subproduto. Outro objetivo é aumentar as propriedades mecânicas de matrizes frágeis, que possuem uma tendência a falhar por fadiga e choque térmico, limitando a sua aplicabilidade. Foram fabricados materiais cerâmicos refratários com 80% de argila caulim, 20% de sílica da casca de arroz e fibras de aço em teores volumétricos de 3%, 6% e 9%. Realizaram-se ensaios de absorção de água, densidade aparente, porosidade aparente, resistência à compressão, tração direta, flexão em três pontos, ensaio de choque térmico e análise de microestrutura do material. Com a substituição de argila pela sílica, foram obtidas maior resistência mecânica, e maior tenacidade, possivelmente devido à diminuição da porosidade e pelo aumento do nível de vitrificação. A cerâmica com 9% de fibra obteve o melhor desempenho em relação à ductilidade, em razão do maior grau de deformação do material até o momento de ruptura. As cerâmicas com 3% de fibra e 6% de fibra apresentaram os melhores desempenhos frente ao choque térmico. Na análise da mineralogia do material após a sinterização, observou-se a formação de picos de mulita. Com a substituição da argila pela sílica foram identificados picos de cristobalita.
The State of Rio Grande do Sul presents one of the highest indices of rice production in the Country, and Alegrete is one of the towns that leads this statistics. Rice husk, is one of the byproducts originated from processing of rice, and is very used as thermal energy source to generate electricity. After firing generated rice husk ash, rich in silica. Thus, the aim of this work is to diversify the use of this waste as an alternative raw material for refractory ceramic materials and add value to this byproduct. Another objectiveis to increase the mechanical properties of brittle matrices that have tendency to fail by fatigue and thermal shock, limiting its applicability. Were manufactured refractory ceramic materials with 80% of kaolin clay, 20% rice husk silica, and steel fibers in volumetric concentrations of 3%, 6% and 9%. Tests about water absorption were done, apparent density, apparent porosity, compressive strength, direct traction, three points flexion, thermal shock test and analysis of the microstructure of the material. Replacing the clay by silica, was obtained greater strength, and greater toughness, possibly due to the decrease of the porosity and increasing the level of vitrifying. The ceramic with 9% fiber obtained the better performance relative for ductility, due to the higher degree of deformation of the material until the moment of rupture. The ceramic with 3% fiber and 6% fiber showed better performance front thermal shock. In mineralogical analysis of the material showed the formation of mullite peaks. With substituting the clay by silica cristobalite peak was identified.
Sobrosa, Fabiano Zanini. "Desenvolvimento de materiais cerâmicos refratários com adição da sílica residual proveniente da queima da casca de arroz." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2014. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/767.
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Com a intenção de agregar valor à cinza da casca de arroz, subproduto da indústria orizícola, e colaborar para um desenvolvimento sustentável do país, esta pesquisa buscou desenvolver materiais cerâmicos refratários com a substituição parcial da argila pela sílica de casca de arroz (SCA) produzida a partir da geração de energia elétrica. Atualmente, na região da fronteira oeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, existem várias usinas termoelétricas de biomassa para geração de energia elétrica através da queima da casca de arroz. Essa tecnologia vem ao encontro da necessidade de diversificação da matriz energética no país. A indústria orizícola produz no Brasil aproximadamente 12 milhões de toneladas por ano de arroz, e aproximadamente 2,5 milhões de toneladas por ano são convertidos em casca. Caso toda esta casca fosse queimada, gerar-se-iam aproximadamente 500 mil toneladas de cinza, a qual é rica em sílica. Portanto, viabilizar seu aproveitamento tende a reduzir o passivo ambiental, além dos benefícios econômicos. No presente trabalho foi analisado o efeito da substituição parcial da argila refratária por sílica da casca de arroz (SCA) nas propriedades mecânicas e termomecânicas dos materiais cerâmicos refratários produzidos, em percentuais de 5, 10 e 20%. Foram analisadas as propriedades mecânicas desses materiais através de ensaios de resistência à compressão, tração direta, flexão em três pontos e dureza superficial Vickers. Analisaram-se também a retração linear, absorção de água, porosidade aparente e resistência ao choque térmico. Conforme se aumentou a substituição parcial de argila refratária por SCA, foi obtido um melhor empacotamento da mistura granular e, consequentemente, ocorreu uma melhora nas propriedades mecânicas das amostras. Por outro lado, o material apresentou-se mais frágil, com menor resistência ao choque térmico. Não foi encontrada variação na retração linear após a queima, já a absorção de água e porosidade aparente diminuíram conforme se aumentou a substituição da argila pela SCA. A microestrutura do material foi analisada através de análise por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e difração de raios-x, onde se identificaram as fases cristalinas na mineralogia do material resultante. Na análise da mineralogia do material observou-se um aumento de pico de cristobalita conforme se aumentou o teor de SCA na mistura, em função da cristalização da sílica livre. Um menor volume de porosidade foi encontrado conforme se aumentou o teor de substituição de argila pela SCA.
With the intention of adding value to rice husk ash, a byproduct of paddy industry, and contribute to sustainable development of the country, this research sought to develop refractory ceramic materials with refractory partial replacement of clay by silica from rice husk (SCA) produced from electricity generation. Currently on the western border of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, there are several biomass power plants for generating electricity by burning rice husk. This technology comes against the need for diversification of energy sources in the country. The paddy industry in Brazil produces approximately 12 million tons of rice per year, of which approximately 2.5 million tons per year are converted into shell. If all this bark was burned, it would generate approximately 500 tons of ash, which is rich in silica. Thus enabling its use tends to reduce the environmental liability beyond economic benefits. In the present work, the effect of partial replacement of silica refractory clay for rice husk (SCA) on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of refractory ceramic materials was analyzed for percentages of 5, 10 and 20%. The mechanical properties of these materials were analyzed by testing compressive strength, direct-drive, three point bending and superficial hardness. We also analyzed the linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity and resistance to thermal shock. As increased the partial replacement of refractory clay for SCA in the mixture was obtained a better packing of the granular mixture and, consequently, better results in mechanical properties were found. On the other hand, the material appeared more brittle, with a lower thermal shock resistance. Was not found in the linear shrinkage after firing, the water absorption and apparent porosity decreased as the clay was increased by replacement SCA. The microstructure of the material was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (MEV) and x-ray diffraction where the crystalline phases identified in the mineralogy of the resulting material. The analysis of the mineralogy of the material was observed an increase of cristobalite peak was increased as the content of SCA, depending on the crystallization of the free silica. A smaller volume of porosity is found according to the increased content of clay replacement SCA.
Skerry, Nathaniel S. (Nathaniel Standish) 1971. "Transformed materials : a material research center in Milan, Italy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70358.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 74-75).
[Transformed Materials] is an exploration into today's design methodologies of architecture production. The emergence of architectural form is questioned in relation to the temporal state of design intent and the physical material construct. At a time when there is an increased awareness of the current state of technology, material innovation and methods of fabrication, there are new speculations of what materiality is and can be. This thesis will propose an architecture that emerges through an exploration of the material concept that directly informs and expresses the fundamental ideas of the project. Building methods have changed widely over time, and are co-responsible for creating a dialog between functional requirements, technological invention, and material implication that reflects the current cultural state. Today's architectural products have in a sense reverted back to thin surfaces. Current cultural issues such as socioeconomic, environmental impact, transportability, efficiency, lightness, storability, technology, and mass production, have over time created a state of "thinness ". This project tries to offset the current trend of building by accepting the norms of architectural products, and reinventing their role within a contemporary language that explores more deeply the material qualities and properties associates with it. This thesis will use steel as the primary building material. Steel is a material that has become standardized in how it is shaped and formed, thus its ability to produce an architecture has been reduced purely to a dogmatiC approach of engineered solutions or preconceived results. Steel, is artificial by nature; if we suspend our preconceptions of steel, could the material be designed such that its role is critical in defining space, structure and program in a tectonic system? The area of research and examination will be focused on the design of a Material Research Center (mRC). located in Milan, Italy.
by Nathaniel S. Skerry.
M.Arch.
Martin, Luke Andrew. "A Novel Material Modulus Function for Modeling Viscoelastic Materials." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26891.
Full textPh. D.
Samsonow, Emily L. "Material Celebration: Exploring the Architectural Potential of Waste Materials." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1306501078.
Full textStåhl, Daniel. "Material Library : A sense of material." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Maskinteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-25076.
Full textKarlsson, Johan. "Composite material in car hood : Investigation of possible sandwich materials." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-45633.
Full textWretborn, Joel. "Modelling cracks in solid materials using the Material Point Method." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-136797.
Full textFrank, Jenny. "Material för utomhusundervisning : Lärarens förhållningssätt och användning av materialet." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektroteknik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36837.
Full textPajic, Ruzica. "Elevperspektiv på laborativt material, en studie om hur laborativt material används i årskurs 6. Students perspective on laboratory material, a study about laboratory materials used in sixth grade." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-32826.
Full textA study of the laboratory material in fraction teaching based on students' perspectiveAuthor: Ruzica PajicThe purpose of this study is to achieve a deeper understanding of the laboratory material significance in school mathematics. In this master thesis has been examined how children's perspectives are affected in 6th grade based on how learning materials are used in mathematics education . In earlier research reported children's learning and how it is portrayed by the cognitive, cultural and socio-cultural perspective. These perspectives are presented and compared theorists ; Vygotsky and Bruner with each other. These theorists have been chosen because they present the basics of using the learning materials in schools . In this study, laboratory material for teaching purposes , the laboratory material that students can use is , fractions rods. Laboratory materials have been defined based artifacts according to Wartofsky (1979) can be divided into three categories : primary , secondary and tertiary . I have chosen to work from artifacts when I have interpreted and drew conclusions based on theory and research.During the observations in the classroom I could see the perspective of children affected depending on how they used the laboratory material. Students could use the material in three different categories. This was evident in the interviews held in the focus groups. The results showed that most children used the secondary artifact , there were some students who used both the tertiary and the primary artifact. The children came up with the teacher as an important factor if prima facie they learn and this came up clearly in the observations and interviews . It is the teacher's instructions and guidelines that affect the child's perspective , and it has great impact on how children learn fractions. How does the use of learning materials the children's perspective and what impact it has on how they learn ?The results turned out to students' perspectives from the three categories . Students who used the secondary and tertiary artifact experienced laboratory material positive and instructive. The students described in their interviews that they could be active, team-working, have a variety and get a greater understanding of fractions. The students who used the primary artifact did not understand how to use learning materials in teaching. The difficulties that students experienced when they would use laboratory material was primarily due to teachers' instructions . The students did not understand how to use the material and it was not sufficiently specific and clear to them. Some students thought that it is teachers who have the answers . The observation could interpreted in that some students had difficulty understanding the task when they did not actively participate . Mostly in the study experienced students when they assumed the secondary and tertiary artifact that fights the data became more concrete with the help of rods , leading to the sense of reality that also led to increased communication between students.
Freitas, Ricardo Luiz Barros de [UNESP]. "Fabricação, caracterização e aplicações do compósito PZT/PVDF." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100281.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Um material compósito é constituído pela combinação de dois ou mais materiais, onde se procura sintetizar um novo material multifásico, e que abrigue as melhores características individuais de cada um de seus constituintes. Compósitos de polímeros (matriz) e ferroelétricos (inclusões) podem manifestar piezoeletricidade, ou seja, a produção de uma resposta elétrica devido a uma excitação mecânica, e vice-versa. Nesta tese o material polimérico usado para preparar os filmes ou lâminas de nanocompósitos é o PVDF, e, o material cerâmico é formado por nanopartículas de PZT. Ambos os materiais são dielétricos, porém, com características muito distintas (por exemplo, o PVDF tem aproximadamente 1/4 da densidade e 1/250 da constante dielétrica do PZT). O PZT é muito utilizado em transdutores, principalmente devido aos seus elevados coeficientes piezoelétricos, contudo, é quebradiço e sofre desgaste quando empregado na forma de filmes ou lâminas. Por outro lado, o PVDF é um polímero piezoelétrico que apresenta grande flexibilidade e excelentes resistências mecânica e química, porém, seus coeficientes piezoelétricos são apenas moderados. A fim de se aumentar a flexibilidade do PZT, mistura-se o pó cerâmico, na forma de nanopartículas, com o PVDF, também pulverizado. Na tese, evidencia-se que o compósito constituído por esta combinação cerâmica-polímero proporciona uma nova classe de materiais funcionais com grande potencial de aplicação, por terem combinadas a resistência e rigidez das cerâmicas, e, a elasticidade, flexibilidade, baixa densidade e elevada resistência a ruptura mecânica dos polímeros. O novo material tem grande resistência a choques mecânicos, flexibilidade, maleabilidade, e, principalmente, coeficientes piezoelétricos relativamente elevados. Amostras do compósito...
A composite material is constituted by the combination of two or more materials, which synthesizes a new multiphase material, and has the best individual characteristics of each of its constituents. Polymer composites (matrix) and ferroelectric (inclusions) can express piezoelectricity, i.e. the production of an electrical response due to a mechanical excitation, and vice versa. In this thesis the polymeric material used to prepare the films or slides of nanocomposites is the PVDF, and, ceramic material is formed by PZT nanoparticles. Both materials are dielectrics, however, with very different characteristics (for example, the PVDF is approximately 1/4 density and 1/250 relative permittivity from PZT). The PZT is widely used in transducers, mainly due to their high piezoelectric coefficients, however, is brittle and suffers wear and tear when employed in the form of films or slides. On the other hand, the PVDF is a piezoelectric polymer that offers great flexibility and excellent mechanical and chemical resistances, however, its piezoelectric coefficients are only moderate. In order to increase the flexibility of PZT, ceramic powder is mix, in the form of nanoparticles, with PVDF, also sprayed. In theory, it becomes evident that composite consisting of this ceramic- polymer combination delivers a new class of functional materials with great potential for application, because they combine the strength and rigidity of ceramics, and elasticity, flexibility, low density and high resistance to mechanical disruption of polymers. The new material has great resistance to mechanical shock, flexibility, suppleness, and, primarily, relatively high piezoelectric coefficients. PZT/PVDF composite samples were fabricated and characterized aiming to applications such as: piezoelectric actuators, acoustic emission detectors, and energy... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Freitas, Ricardo Luiz Barros de. "Fabricação, caracterização e aplicações do compósito PZT/PVDF /." Ilha Solteira, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100281.
Full textCoorientador: Antônio de Pádua Lima Filho
Banca: Cláudio Kitano
Banca: João Antonio Pereira
Banca: Adriano Rogério Bruno Tech
Resumo: Um material compósito é constituído pela combinação de dois ou mais materiais, onde se procura sintetizar um novo material multifásico, e que abrigue as melhores características individuais de cada um de seus constituintes. Compósitos de polímeros (matriz) e ferroelétricos (inclusões) podem manifestar piezoeletricidade, ou seja, a produção de uma resposta elétrica devido a uma excitação mecânica, e vice-versa. Nesta tese o material polimérico usado para preparar os filmes ou lâminas de nanocompósitos é o PVDF, e, o material cerâmico é formado por nanopartículas de PZT. Ambos os materiais são dielétricos, porém, com características muito distintas (por exemplo, o PVDF tem aproximadamente 1/4 da densidade e 1/250 da constante dielétrica do PZT). O PZT é muito utilizado em transdutores, principalmente devido aos seus elevados coeficientes piezoelétricos, contudo, é quebradiço e sofre desgaste quando empregado na forma de filmes ou lâminas. Por outro lado, o PVDF é um polímero piezoelétrico que apresenta grande flexibilidade e excelentes resistências mecânica e química, porém, seus coeficientes piezoelétricos são apenas moderados. A fim de se aumentar a flexibilidade do PZT, mistura-se o pó cerâmico, na forma de nanopartículas, com o PVDF, também pulverizado. Na tese, evidencia-se que o compósito constituído por esta combinação cerâmica-polímero proporciona uma nova classe de materiais funcionais com grande potencial de aplicação, por terem combinadas a resistência e rigidez das cerâmicas, e, a elasticidade, flexibilidade, baixa densidade e elevada resistência a ruptura mecânica dos polímeros. O novo material tem grande resistência a choques mecânicos, flexibilidade, maleabilidade, e, principalmente, coeficientes piezoelétricos relativamente elevados. Amostras do compósito... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: A composite material is constituted by the combination of two or more materials, which synthesizes a new multiphase material, and has the best individual characteristics of each of its constituents. Polymer composites (matrix) and ferroelectric (inclusions) can express piezoelectricity, i.e. the production of an electrical response due to a mechanical excitation, and vice versa. In this thesis the polymeric material used to prepare the films or slides of nanocomposites is the PVDF, and, ceramic material is formed by PZT nanoparticles. Both materials are dielectrics, however, with very different characteristics (for example, the PVDF is approximately 1/4 density and 1/250 relative permittivity from PZT). The PZT is widely used in transducers, mainly due to their high piezoelectric coefficients, however, is brittle and suffers wear and tear when employed in the form of films or slides. On the other hand, the PVDF is a piezoelectric polymer that offers great flexibility and excellent mechanical and chemical resistances, however, its piezoelectric coefficients are only moderate. In order to increase the flexibility of PZT, ceramic powder is mix, in the form of nanoparticles, with PVDF, also sprayed. In theory, it becomes evident that composite consisting of this ceramic- polymer combination delivers a new class of functional materials with great potential for application, because they combine the strength and rigidity of ceramics, and elasticity, flexibility, low density and high resistance to mechanical disruption of polymers. The new material has great resistance to mechanical shock, flexibility, suppleness, and, primarily, relatively high piezoelectric coefficients. PZT/PVDF composite samples were fabricated and characterized aiming to applications such as: piezoelectric actuators, acoustic emission detectors, and energy... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Fahlén, Sara, and Ljungqvist Josefa Nädele. "Textila material." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-16842.
Full textProgram: Textil produktutveckling med entreprenörs- och affärsinriktning
Murphy, John A. "Material accomodation." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53239.
Full textMaster of Architecture
Granger, Danielle Ray. "Material Distinctions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98557.
Full textMaster of Architecture
This quest began by trying to treat one side of a constructed line independently from the other side. Formal distinctions were made, and then later material distinctions in order to treat a building's interior and exterior independently. This thesis study treats the structure independently from the envelope, while creating spatial distinctions within the house through material decisions. Brick and wood were chosen for their contrasting properties, both physically and perceptually. The Brick, with its telluric, of the earth presence, has an obligation to the site, weather, and time. The wood on the other hand, with its tectonic nature, has an obligation to the human touch. The structure, which serves as protection from the elements, its pulled inside to live with the humans as heavy timber posts. The brick is then left to the essential elements of the house, to one day stand as ruins. Namely, the entrance, the hearth, the base, and parts of the envelope, The architectural questions are then asked through material composition and elemental joints.
Hakala, Allison Lynn. "Material homonyms." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1327598023.
Full textKRIVANKA, SARAH M. "SENSITIVE MATERIAL." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1179208847.
Full textBailey, Teri. "Material Bodies." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555451326557221.
Full textWetterström, Vendela. "Social Material." Thesis, Konstfack, Grafisk design & illustration, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7998.
Full textJordan, Anne. "Material Meaning." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2789.
Full textMeadows, Jessica Morris Natasha. "Material sustainability /." Click here to view, 2009. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/arcesp/1/.
Full textMinchin, Carol E. "Material Origins." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5164.
Full textMedina, Menares Sebastían, Espinoza Francisco Higinio Ruiz, and Rojas Daniel Sanhueza. "Material Pipol." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/146309.
Full text"En la primera visita de Madonna al país, Eduardo Espinoza, presidente del fan club oficial Madonna Chile, quiere estar lo más preparado posible para recibir a su ídola. Su amor por ella es tan grande, que durante meses prepara las actividades que rodearán el evento, pero las dificultades surgirán cuando los fanáticos prefieran preocuparse por su propio bien, antes que por la comunidad completa”.
Zeligman, Brooke. "Material murmurings." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1600.
Full textGokay, Kemal. "Contact Mechanics Of Graded Materials With Two Dimensional Material Property Variations." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606527/index.pdf.
Full textkay, Kemal M.S., Department of Mechanical Engineering Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Serkan Dag September 2005, 62 pages Ceramic layers used as protective coatings in tribological applications are known to be prone to cracking and debonding due to their brittle nature. Recent experiments with functionally graded ceramics however show that these material systems are particularly useful in enhancing the resistance of a surface to tribological damage. This improved behavior is attributed to the influence of the material property gradation on the stress distribution that develops at the contacting surfaces. The main interest in the present study is in the contact mechanics of a functionally graded surface with a two &ndash
dimensional spatial variation in the modulus of elasticity. Poisson&rsquo
s ratio is assumed to be constant due to its insignificant effect on the contact stress distribution [30]. In the formulation of the problem it is assumed that the functionally graded surface is in frictional sliding contact with a rigid flat stamp. Using elasticity theory and semi-infinite plane approximation for the graded medium, the problem is reduced to a singular integral equation of the second kind. Integral equation is solved numerically by expanding the unknown contact stress distribution into a series of Jacobi polynomials and using suitable collocation points. The developed method is validated by providing comparisons to a closed form solution derived for homogeneous materials. Main numerical results consist of the effects of the material nonhomogeneity parameters, coefficient of friction and stamp size and location on the contact stress distribution.
Magnusson, Simon. "Environmental Perspectives on Urban Material Stocks used in Construction : Granular Materials." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geoteknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-60305.
Full textWinstanley, Julie Anne. "A material-discursive-intrapsychic (MDI) approach to understanding women's maternal experiences." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430295.
Full textBlom, Ulrika. "Hållbara material : fossilbaserade material byts mot hållbar (biobaserad) textil." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-22059.
Full textTextiles and apparel manufacturing is a heavily polluting industry. To change that and get the textile industry in the direction of sustainable development, following must be done. Emissions of CO2 need to be considerably reduced, water consumption must drastically decline and the risk of spreading microplastics in nature have to be minimized. The three most common textile fibres on the market, polyester, cotton and polyamide, causing large emissions of CO2 and consumes huge amounts of water. This report seeks to find the textile materials that can meet the requirements of sustainability and eco-friendly materials of equivalent strength as in the three largest fibers like above. With the help of a literature review, a classification tool and a number of tests on physical samples have the materials above along with lyocell and PLA been examined and studied. The ecological sustainability and physical durability has been compared and measured. The results of the studies provides no clear-cut answers to the questions. The PLA seems promising, but are surrounded by uncertainty. In the meantime, the study has been going on, there are no signs of weakening of PLA-fabric, but will it keep for one hundred washes? Lyocell is environmentally sustainable and durable in the theory, but got an early break in the abrasion test. The lyocell fabric were made of thin yarn of staple fibers. Would it have been stronger if it had been made of filament yarn? Recycled polyester versus virgin polyester gives no great environmental benefits. However, recycled polyamide and organic cotton get large environmental gains. Lyocell, PLA, organic cotton and recycled polyamide could be environmentally and physically durable materials.
Andersson, Julia. "För- och nackdelar med olika undervisningsmaterial : En intervjustudie om undervisningsmaterial vid introduktionen av subtraktion." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, Matematikdidaktik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30795.
Full textThe aim of this study is to look into what teaching material seven teachers choose to use during the introduction of subtraction.The study has been inspired by life-world phenomenology, and has been conducted through semi-structured interviews, where the qualitative datasets later have been analyzed through different themes. The results show that all of the teachers agreed that concrete and laboratory materials where to prefer when introducing subtraction. The textbooks were used at a later stage to help the pupils consolidate their knowledge at a more abstract level.
Correia, Sivaldo Leite. "Efeito de materias-primas nas propriedades tecnologicas de massas ceramicas para pavimento gres." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1996. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/158084.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2016-01-08T21:10:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 105512.pdf: 2317550 bytes, checksum: 9193c7f4765fca76cc8b906c9b1daab0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996
Estudo de propriedades físico-químicas e tecnológicas de matérias-primas e massas cerâmicas para pavimento grês. Foram efetuadas análises químicas e mineralógicas em argilas, caulim, arenito, filito, fonolito e talco. O processamento foi feito a partir do pó. Visando dar uma aplicação para as matérias-primas, foi determinado o diagramas de gresificação, a densidade aparente a seco e no sinterizado, o coeficiente de dilatação térmica linear e a resistência mecânica por compressão diametral.
Zeng, Jiani. "Expand material presence to material experience with volumetric thinking : voxel based multi-material printing in designing objects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129844.
Full textCataloged from student-submitted version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 68-70).
Material serves as the first touchpoint between an object and a person. In current product development, material together with color and finishing is regarded as a separate entity from the form and function design. Every material needs to be paired with a series of optimal manufacturing processes for the desired effect. In many cases, this is handled with material design specialists. People perceive a material primarily by its surface: chromatic, tactile, and decorative identity it displays or the temperature and hardness when touching it. Typically, this material surface can be viewed as a two-dimensional entity that reveals limited-expression and information to be delivered via human intervention. In this thesis, we propose to get away from surface obsession in object and industrial design, by adding another dimension to the material interface. By embedding information into three-dimensional matter, we introduce volumetric material: a new material organization that responds directly to the user intervention or the environment. With multi-material 3D printing, we envision a future in product development where the design of surface detail, texture, reflexivity can finally be merged with the overall product composition from the beginning of the design process. With voxel printing capability, we designed and tested material interface with depth and explored volumetric behavior that is both visually and functionally meaningful to the user, and discussed the results.
by Jiani Zeng.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
S.M.inEngineeringandManagement Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program
Wiedenman, Nathan Scott. "Towards programmable materials : tunable material properties through feedback control of conducting polymers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45889.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 159-168).
Mammalian skeletal muscle is an amazing actuation technology that can controllably modify its force and position outputs as well as its material properties such as stiffness. Unlike muscle, current engineering materials are limited by their intrinsic properties, dictated at the molecular level.This work is focused on developing an integrated device, called a programmable material, which mirrors the capabilities of natural co-fabricated controlled actuation systems such as muscle. While such a device may have the external appearance of a homogeneous material, it can possess unique properties not existing in any currently manufactured material. When actuation, sensing, and control capabilities are integrated within a closed-loop system, the mechanical properties of the system such as stiffness, viscosity, and inertia will arise from the dynamics of the feedback loop rather than from any inherent mechanical properties of the materials from which the device was fabricated. Moreover, these properties may be 'tuned' by altering the feedback parameters embedded in the material system. With this approach properties such as negative stiffness may be generated which do not exist in bulk materials.The most promising of the existing artificial muscle technologies is actuation with conducting polymer. Additionally, conducting polymer has been used to fabricate the position sensor and control electronics. Creating these components from a single type of material has made it possible to co-fabricate the system into an integrated device. This is the first research to attempt to create a co-fabricated, fully integrated conducting polymer feedback device. This work establishes the feasibility of building the device and answers many of the questions of fabrication and design.
by Nathan Scott Wiedenman.
Ph.D.
Johansson, Simon. "Creating Digital Photorealistic Material Renders by Observing Physical Material Properties." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-16943.
Full textDan-Jumbo, F. G. "Material and structural properties of a novel Aer-Tech material." Thesis, Coventry University, 2015. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/699ca3a1-deec-4549-b907-0e06bcdad83f/1.
Full textJönsson, Inez. "Med måleriets material." Thesis, Kungl. Konsthögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kkh:diva-303.
Full textNg, Chun-yuen Ronald, and 伍俊源. "Building Material Centre." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31983583.
Full textEk, Kristofer. "Additivt tillverkat material." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-152230.
Full textAbstractThis project treats Additive Manufacturing (AM) for metallic material and the question if it is suitable to be used in the aeronautics industry. AM is a relatively new production method where objects are built up layer by layer from a computer model. The art of AM allows in many cases more design freedoms that enables production of more weight optimized and functional articles. Other advantages are material savings and shorter lead times which have a large economic value.An extensive literature study has been made to evaluate all techniques on the market and characterize what separates the different processes. Also machine performance and material quality is evaluated, and advantages and disadvantages are listed for each technique. The techniques are widely separated in powder bed processes and material deposition processes. The powder bed techniques allow more design freedom while the material deposition techniques allow production of large articles. The most common energy source is laser that gives a harder and more brittle material than the alternative energy sources electron beam and electric arc.Two specific techniques have been selected to investigate further in this project. Electron Beam Melting (EBM) from Arcam and Wire fed plasma arc direct metal deposition from Norsk Titanium (NTiC). EBM is a powder bed process that can manufacture finished articles in limited size when no requirements are set on tolerances and surface roughness. NTiC uses a material deposition process with electric arc to melt wire material to a near-net shape. The latter method is very fast and can produce large articles, but have to be machined to finished shape. A material investigation have been made where Ti6Al4V-material from both techniques have been investigated in microscope and tested for hardness. For the EBM-material have also surface roughness and weldability been investigated since the limited building volume often requires welding. The materials have mechanical properties better than cast material with respect to strength and ductility, but not as good as wrought material. Test results show that the difference in mechanical properties in different directions is small, even though the material has an inhomogeneous macrostructure with columnar grains in the building direction. The EBM-material has a finer microstructure and a stronger material and, in combination with improved design freedom, this technique is most suitable for aerospace articles when the weldability is good and it is possible to surface work where requirements of the surface roughness are set.Keywords: Additive Manufacturing, Aeronautics, Titanium
Ek, Kristofer. "Additive Manufactured Material." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-156887.
Full textDet här projektet behandlar området Additiv Tillverkning (AM) för metalliska material och undersöker om det är lämpligt att använda vid produktion inom flygindustrin. AM är en relativt ny tillverkningsmetod där föremål byggs upp lager för lager direkt ifrån en datormodell. Teknikområdet tillåter i många fall större konstruktionsfriheter som möjliggör tillverkning av mer viktoptimerade och funktionella artiklar. Andra fördelar är materialbesparing och kortare ledtider vilket har ett stort ekonomiskt värde. En omfattande litteraturstudie har gjorts för att utvärdera alla tekniker som finns på marknaden och karakterisera vad som skiljer de olika processerna. Även maskiners prestanda och kvalité på tillverkat material utvärderas, och för varje teknik listas möjligheter och begränsningar. Teknikerna delas grovt upp i pulverbäddsprocesser och material deposition-processer. Pulverbäddsteknikerna tillåter större friheter i konstruktion, medan material deposition-processerna tillåter tillverkning av större artiklar. Den vanligaste energikällan är laser som ger ett starkare men mer sprött material än de alternativa energikällorna elektronstråle och ljusbåge. Två specifika tekniker har valts ut för att undersöka närmare i detta projekt. Electron Beam Melting (EBM) från Arcam och Wire fed plasma arc direct metal deposition från Norsk Titanium (NTiC). EBM är en pulverbäddsprocess som kan tillverka färdiga artiklar i begränsad storlek då låga krav ställs på toleranser och ytfinhet. NTiC använder en material deposition-process med en ljusbåge för att smälta ner trådmaterial till en nära färdig artikel. Den senare metoden är mycket snabb och kan tillverka stora artiklar, men måste maskinbearbetas till slutgiltig form. En materialundersökning har genomförts där Ti6Al4V-material från båda teknikerna har undersökts i mikroskop och testats för hårdhet. För EBM-material har även ytfinhet och svetsbarhet undersökts då begränsad byggvolym i många fall kräver fogning. Materialen har egenskaper bättre än gjutet material med avseende på styrka och duktilitet, men inte lika bra som valsat material. Provning visar att skillnaden på mekaniska egenskaper i olika riktningar är liten även fast materialet har en inhomogen makrostruktur med kolumnära korn i byggriktningen. EBM ger en finare mikrostruktur och ett starkare material och, tillsammans med de ökade konstruktionsfriheterna, så är det den tekniken som är bäst lämpad för flygplansartiklar då svetsbarheten är god och det finns möjlighet att bearbeta ytan till slutgiltigt krav. Nyckelord: Additiv Tillverkning, Flygteknik, Titan
Ahmed, Zeinab. "Material och Lagerstyrningssystem." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-42739.
Full textPreviously, Husmuttern had difficulty controlling inventory levels and purchase orders. This had a negative impact on production. The company had no effective system to plan and control inventory levels; material and inventory management was performed by an external supplier. The transport of raw materials was planned every other day and failed to take into account the vehicle’s load capacity, it has affected transport costs and the environment. The purpose of the thesis work is to identify problems and provide recommendations, supported by theories of how an efficient material planning system can be implemented, to increase profitability, reduce transport costs, environmental impacts, as well as achieve balance between material flow and demand. The results showed that using an effective material planning system, both stock levels and purchase orders are controlled. The student tested using the order point method to control stock levels and purchase orders.
Fitzgerald, Daniel John S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Spatial material interfaces." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112535.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 135-139).
Tangible Interfaces allow us to utilize our natural propensity for kinesthetic manipulation to control digital computation and touch virtual information. As the technology advances, these interfaces are re-envisioned as programmable materials, able to emulate dynamic physical properties to provide material-based affordances. In this work, I review the motivation and a brief history of Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) and examine the implications of the Radical Atoms vision for programmable Material User Interfaces (MUIs). I identify two current limitations to Radical Atoms in practice: 1) material rendering capability and 2) affordance prediction for general-purpose MUIs. I propose force-controlled material displays as a framework for future advancement in material property rendering. I also discuss the use of Al for contextual interaction recognition and introduce Spatial Behaviors as an alternative method to allow interfaces to infer appropriate interaction modes from their location in space. This thesis presents the context, motivation, framework, implementation, evaluation, and future roadmaps towards these visions. I present examples of each proposed paradigm, focusing on inFORCE, a force-controlled material display, and ReVeal, a spatial shape display for tangible rendering in Augmented and Virtual Reality. I analyze the technical performance of this system and assess the interface through user studies. Finally, I discuss potential applications of the current system, as well as limitations and premises for future development and improvement in the context of Radical Atoms.
by Daniel John Fitzgerald.
S.M.
Andersson, Stefan, and Johan Elfvenfrost. "Material replenishment system." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10750.
Full textAllerstål, Elin, and Cecilia Nilsson. "Konkret material imatematikundervisningen." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö universitetsbibliotek, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-41698.
Full textRončka, Martin. "Material Artefact Generation." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399191.
Full textLarsen, Matthew. "Material and Form." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31336.
Full textMaster of Architecture
Sillies, Nicholas J. "Activating Material Craft." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1275663097.
Full textLewis, Sage M. "The Material Image." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405708145.
Full textNg, Chun-yuen Ronald. "Building Material Centre." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25948799.
Full textPaul, Lewis. "Story, narrative, material." Thesis, University of East London, 2014. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/4979/.
Full textAndersson, Isabelle. "MATERIAL, - vad, hur och varför? : - En undersökning om material i bildundervisningen." Thesis, Konstfack, Institutionen för Bildpedagogik (BI), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-4561.
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