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1
Gupta, Vinod Kumar, Njud S. Alharbie, Shilpi Agarwal, and Vladimir A. Grachev. "New Emerging One Dimensional Nanostructure Materials for Gas Sensing Application: A Mini Review." Current Analytical Chemistry 15, no. 2 (February 19, 2019): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411014666180319151407.
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Background: Nanomaterials have numerous potential applications in many areas such as electronics, optoelectronics, catalysis and composite materials. Particularly, one dimensional (1D) nanomaterials such as nanobelts, nanorods, and nanotubes can be used as either functional materials or building blocks for hierarchical nanostructures. 1D nanostructure plays a very important role in sensor technology. Objective: In the current review, our efforts are directed toward recent review on the use of 1D nanostructure materials which are used in the literature for developing high-performance gas sensors with fast response, quick recovery time and low detection limit. This mini review also focuses on the methods of synthesis of 1D nanostructural sensor array, sensing mechanisms and its application in sensing of different types of toxic gases which are fatal for human mankind. Particular emphasis is given to the relation between the nanostructure and sensor properties in an attempt to address structure-property correlations. Finally, some future research perspectives and new challenges that the field of 1D nanostructure sensors will have to address are also discussed.
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Pan, Hui, Yuan Ping Feng, Jianyi Lin, Chuan Jun Liu, and Thye Shen Wee. "Catalyst-Free Template-Synthesis of ZnO Nanopetals at 60 °C." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 696–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.140.
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We report successful growth of a new form of ZnO nanostructures, ZnO nanopetals at low temperature. This two-dimensional nanostructure is morphologically different from nanowalls. The flat and circularly edged nanopetals intersect each other. The thickness of nanopetals is uniform and about 30 nm. The nanostructure was produced using a simple catalyst-free chemical method based on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template. The growth temperature was 60 °C which is much lower than that required for growing ZnO nanowalls. The formation of the nanopetal network was induced by the porous alumina network on the surface of the AAO template.
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Sousa Neto, Vicente de Oliveira, Gilberto Dantas Saraiva, A. J. Ramiro De Castro, Paulo de Tarso Cavalcante Freire, and Ronaldo Ferreira Do Nascimento. "Electrodeposition of One-Dimensional Nanostructures: Environmentally Friendly Method." Journal of Composites and Biodegradable Polymers 10 (December 28, 2022): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12974/2311-8717.2022.10.03.
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During the past decade, nanotechnology has become an active field of research because of its huge potential for a variety of applications. When the size of many established, well-studied materials is reduced to the nanoscale, radically improved or new surprising properties often emerge. There are mainly four types of nanostructures: zero, one, two and three dimensional structures. Among them, one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures have been the focus of quite extensive studies worldwide, partially because of their unique physical and chemical properties. Compared to the other three dimensional structures, the first characteristic of 1D nanostructure is its smaller dimension structure and high aspect ratio, which could efficiently transport electrical carriers along one controllable direction; as a consequence they are highly suitable for moving charges in integrated nanoscale systems. The second characteristic of 1D nanostructure is its device function, which can be exploited as device elements in many kinds of nanodevices. Indeed it is important to note that superior physical properties including superconductivity, enhanced magnetic coercivity and the unusual magnetic state of some 1D nanostructures have been theoretically predicted and some of them have already been confirmed by experiments. In order to attain the potential offered by 1D nanostructures, one of the most important issues is how to synthesize 1D nanostructures in large quantities with a convenient method. Many synthetic strategies, such as solution or vapor-phase approaches, template-directed methods, electrospinning techniques, solvothermal syntheses, self-assembly methods, etc., have been developed to fabricate different classes of 1D nanostructured materials, including metals, semiconductors, functional oxides, structural ceramics, polymers and composites. All the methods can be divided into two categories: those carried out in a gas phase (i.e., “dry processes”) and those carried out in a liquid phase (i.e., “wet processes”). The dry processes include, for example, techniques such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), pulse laser deposition (PLD), metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). In general, these gas phase processes require expensive and specialized equipments. The wet processes include sol-gel method, hydrothermal method, chemical bath deposition (CBD) and electrodeposition. Among the above mentioned methods, electrodeposition has many advantages such as low cost, environmentally friendly, high growth rate at relatively low temperatures and easier control of shape and size. Generally, there are two strategies to produce the 1D nanostructures through the electrochemical process. They are the template-assisted electrodeposition, and the template-free electrodeposition. In this chapter, we will approach the recent progress and offer some prospects of future directions in electrodeposition of 1D nanostructures. Electrodeposition is a simple and flexible method for the synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures and has attracted great attention in recent years.
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Zhu, Hongliang, Li Fan, Kaili Wang, Hao Liu, Jiawei Zhang, and Shancheng Yan. "Progress in the Synthesis and Application of Tellurium Nanomaterials." Nanomaterials 13, no. 14 (July 12, 2023): 2057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13142057.
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In recent decades, low-dimensional nanodevices have shown great potential to extend Moore’s Law. The n-type semiconductors already have several candidate materials for semiconductors with high carrier transport and device performance, but the development of their p-type counterparts remains a challenge. As a p-type narrow bandgap semiconductor, tellurium nanostructure has outstanding electrical properties, controllable bandgap, and good environmental stability. With the addition of methods for synthesizing various emerging tellurium nanostructures with controllable size, shape, and structure, tellurium nanomaterials show great application prospects in next-generation electronics and optoelectronic devices. For tellurium-based nanomaterials, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy are the main characterization methods for their morphology. In this paper, the controllable synthesis methods of different tellurium nanostructures are reviewed, and the latest progress in the application of tellurium nanostructures is summarized. The applications of tellurium nanostructures in electronics and optoelectronics, including field-effect transistors, photodetectors, and sensors, are highlighted. Finally, the future challenges, opportunities, and development directions of tellurium nanomaterials are prospected.
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Turhan, Emine Ayşe, Ahmet Engin Pazarçeviren, Zafer Evis, and Ayşen Tezcaner. "Properties and applications of boron nitride nanotubes." Nanotechnology 33, no. 24 (March 30, 2022): 242001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac5839.
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Abstract Nanomaterials have received increasing attention due to their controllable physical and chemical properties and their improved performance over their bulk structures during the last years. Carbon nanostructures are one of the most widely searched materials for use in different applications ranging from electronic to biomedical because of their exceptional physical and chemical properties. However, BN nanostructures surpassed the attention of the carbon-based nanostructure because of their enhanced thermal and chemical stabilities in addition to structural similarity with the carbon nanomaterials. Among these nanostructures, one dimensional-BN nanostructures are on the verge of development as new materials to fulfill some necessities for different application areas based on their excellent and unique properties including their tunable surface and bandgap, electronic, optical, mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability. Synthesis of high-quality boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) in large quantities with novel techniques provided greater access, and increased their potential use in nanocomposites, biomedical fields, and nanodevices as well as hydrogen uptake applications. In this review, properties and applications of one-dimensional BN (1D) nanotubes, nanofibers, and nanorods in hydrogen uptake, biomedical field, and nanodevices are discussed in depth. Additionally, research on native and modified forms of BNNTs and also their composites with different materials to further improve electronic, optical, structural, mechanical, chemical, and biological properties are also reviewed. BNNTs find many applications in different areas, however, they still need to be further studied for improving the synthesis methods and finding new possible future applications.
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Kaabipour, Sina, and Shohreh Hemmati. "A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 12 (January 25, 2021): 102–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.12.9.
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The significance of silver nanostructures has been growing considerably, thanks to their ubiquitous presence in numerous applications, including but not limited to renewable energy, electronics, biosensors, wastewater treatment, medicine, and clinical equipment. The properties of silver nanostructures, such as size, size distribution, and morphology, are strongly dependent on synthesis process conditions such as the process type, equipment type, reagent type, precursor concentration, temperature, process duration, and pH. Physical and chemical methods have been among the most common methods to synthesize silver nanostructures; however, they possess substantial disadvantages and short-comings, especially compared to green synthesis methods. On the contrary, the number of green synthesis techniques has been increasing during the last decade and they have emerged as alternative routes towards facile and effective synthesis of silver nanostructures with different morphologies. In this review, we have initially outlined the most common and popular chemical and physical methodologies and reviewed their advantages and disadvantages. Green synthesis methodologies are then discussed in detail and their advantages over chemical and physical methods have been noted. Recent studies are then reviewed in detail and the effects of essential reaction parameters, such as temperature, pH, precursor, and reagent concentration, on silver nanostructure size and morphology are discussed. Also, green synthesis techniques used for the synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) silver nanostructures have been reviewed, and the potential of alternative green reagents for their synthesis has been discussed. Furthermore, current challenges regarding the green synthesis of 1D silver nanostructures and future direction are outlined. To sum up, we aim to show the real potential of green nanotechnology towards the synthesis of silver nanostructures with various morphologies (especially 1D ones) and the possibility of altering current techniques towards more environmentally friendly, more energy-efficient, less hazardous, simpler, and cheaper procedures.
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TANG, YONG-BING, HONG-TAO CONG, and HUI-MING CHENG. "SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL ALUMINUM NITRIDE NANOSTRUCTURES." Nano 02, no. 06 (December 2007): 307–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292007000763.
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This article presents a brief review of the recent research progresses achieved in the field of one-dimensional (1D) aluminum nitride ( AlN ) nanostructures. It mainly covers three aspects: The first one is to introduce the synthetic strategies for several classic 1D AlN nanostructures (such as nanofibers, nanobelts, nanorods, nanowires, nanotips, etc.) including template-confined reaction, arc discharge, catalyst-assisted growth, and vapor transport and related growth methods. The second is to elaborate some special physical properties, such as field emission and photoluminescence, which associate with the uniqueness of 1D AlN nanostructures. It is revealed that aligned AlN 1D nanostructures have low turn-on and threshold voltages, high emission current and small current fluctuation, and that the photoluminescence of AlN nanobelts are different from those of conventional AlN material. The third is to briefly illustrate the potential application of these 1D AlN nanostructures in composite materials. It is found that AlN nanowire is a good reinforcement for improving the mechanical and thermal properties of metal matrix composites, which can be expected to be utilized as packaging material with high strength and low thermal expansion. Finally, we summarize the major challenges in this field. Among them, a thorough understanding of the growth mechanism of 1D AlN nanostructures is the most important issue, and more precisely controlled growth is required to obtain tailored AlN nanostructures according to device applications.
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Solozhenko, Vladimir. "Creation of nanomaterials by extreme pressure-temperature conditions." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314098064.
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Nanomaterials in the form of zero-, one- and two-dimensional nanostructures make a high-impact background for both science and technology. At the same time, the synthesis of bulk nanostructured materials remains the least-explored but challenging domain that allows combining the desired physical, chemical and mechanical properties and gives rise to nanoelectronics, nanomechanics, band-gap engineering, etc. The common methods of soft chemistry allow obtaining nanoparticles whose direct sintering unavoidably leads to the grain growth and lost of nanostructure. The extreme pressure is a parameter of choice to suppress the self-diffusion responsible for high-temperature recrystallization. The bulk nanostructured materials shows the superior fracture toughness and extremely high hardness as compared to corresponding microcrystalline bulks. The remarkable changes in physical and mechanical properties, however, do not affect the original thermal and chemical stability of the phase(s). All this opens unique opportunities for high-temperature superabrasive and electronic applications of such materials. Finally, the extreme pressure-temperature conditions are powerful and promising tool for grain-size control during direct solid-state phase transformations. The simultaneous variation of pressure and temperature makes possible to combine different nucleation, growth and aggregation regimes with high flexibility, and, therefore, to go deep into nanoscale engineering.
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Bhagath Singh, W., Aleyamma Alexander, C. X. Joana May, Pricilla Mary, K. Thiyagarajan, Alphonse Dhayal Raj, R. Suresh, and S. Vasanth Kumar. "ZnO Nanorods by a Simple Two Step Process." Advanced Materials Research 678 (March 2013): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.678.223.
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Low-dimension materials such as nanobelts, nanowires and nanorods are being investigated for their superior properties and numerous applications. Among them, one-dimensional semiconductor ZnO, representing one of the most important low dimensional materials, finds its applications in many different fields such as sensors, solar cells, IR detectors, microelectronics, etc. Synthesis of nanostructures without any catalytic template, or using the self-catalytic behavior of the material would be of interest. In this work, ZnO nanorods have been synthesized by simple two step process without using any catalyst. This method provides an easy way to produce nanostructured metal oxides under normal conditions. The prepared samples were characterized by studying their structural, optical and morphological properties using X-Ray Diffraction, Photoluminescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The diameter of the prepared nanorods were around 20-30 nm¬. The room temperature Photoluminescence spectra of the ZnO nanorods shows a broad visible emission around 450–530 nm.
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Liu, Cailing, Ruibin Wang, and Ye Zhang. "Tellurium Nanotubes and Chemical Analogues from Preparation to Applications: A Minor Review." Nanomaterials 12, no. 13 (June 22, 2022): 2151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12132151.
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Tellurium (Te), the most metallic semiconductor, has been widely explored in recent decades owing to its fantastic properties such as a tunable bandgap, high carrier mobility, high thermal conductivity, and in-plane anisotropy. Many references have witnessed the rapid development of synthesizing diverse Te geometries with controllable shapes, sizes, and structures in different strategies. In all types of Te nanostructures, Te with one-dimensional (1D) hollow internal structures, especially nanotubes (NTs), have attracted extensive attention and been utilized in various fields of applications. Motivated by the structure-determined nature of Te NTs, we prepared a minor review about the emerging synthesis and nanostructure control of Te NTs, and the recent progress of research into Te NTs was summarized. Finally, we highlighted the challenges and further development for future applications of Te NTs.
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Xiao, Xueqing, Chan Zheng, Shuguang Cai, Wenzhe Chen, Wei Li, and Qiaohang Guo. "Optimization of Nonlinear Optical Response of One-Dimensional Nanostructured Sodium Titanate Through Morphological Control." Nano 15, no. 07 (July 2020): 2050086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292020500861.
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Nanostructured nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are attracting increasing interest as optical limiters for various applications. In this study, one-dimensional nanostructured Na2Ti3O7 was synthesized by a typical hydrothermal method and systematically characterized. The results showed that one-dimensional nanostructured Na2Ti3O7 has good crystallinity and thermal stability. Its morphology can be easily controlled to form nanotubes, nanobelts and nanorods by altering the amounts of added NaOH. The robustness of the NLO properties of one-dimensional nanostructured Na2Ti3O7 in broadband optical limiting (OL) applications was investigated by the open-aperture Z-scan method. At laser wavelengths of 532 nm and 1064 nm, the effective nonlinear extinction coefficients showed nonmonotonic dependence on the morphology; nanotubes gave the maximum value. The results confirmed that the NLO and OL responses of one-dimensional nanostructured Na2Ti3O7 can be effectively optimized by tailoring the morphology. In addition, the nonlinear extinction coefficients of these three types of one-dimensional nanostructured Na2Ti3O7 are better than those of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, a benchmark one-dimensional OL material, at 532 nm and 1064 nm; they therefore have potential applications in nonlinear optics. Nonlinear scattering and photothermal effect measurements showed that the OL shown by one-dimensional nanostructured Na2Ti3O7 can be mainly attributed to nonlinear scattering and free-carrier absorption at both irradiation wavelengths. The fabrication of one-dimensional nanostructured Na2Ti3O7 with different morphologies via this simple approach paves the way for the synthesis and tuning of new one-dimensional materials with desirable photonic properties for various applications.
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Hoa, Huynh Tran My. "SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF GRAPHENE/SILVER NANOWIRES/GOLD NANOPARTICLES HYBRID FOR AMMONIA GAS SENSING." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 1A (March 16, 2018): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/1a/11823.
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Graphene material synthesized from chemical method (reduced Graphene Oxide – rGO) is a promising candidate for gas sensors due to their unique properties. With structure of single layer of bonded sp2 carbons in a two-dimensional (2D) lattice, rGO have large surface to volume ratio, high conductivity and electron mobility at room temperature. Meanwhile, the different oxygen-containing functional groups (contain dangling bonds) decorated on carbon networks make rGO easily respond with compatible gas molecules. However, the investigating of structure of rGO in micrometer scale shows that the chemical method often results in non-uniform film thickness on substrate due to overlap of rGO sheets. These may disrupt the conductive paths in rGO films and decrease their conductivity. Therefore, gas sensing signal of pristine rGO based sensors is tarnished and the sensors do not recover to their baseline at room temperature. In this study, silver nanowires (AgNWs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are combined with rGO material to form rGO/AgNWs/AuNPs hybrid. With one-dimensional nanostructure, the AgNWs connects effectively together many rGO islands and reduce significantly their contact resistance so that NH3 sensing signal is improved and complete recovery of the sensor is nearly achieved at room temperature. Especially, all these signals are further enhanced when the AuNPs (diameter ~ 30 nm) are added into the hybrid.
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Shahgaldi, Samaneh, Zahira Yaakob, Mostafa Ghasemi, Wan Ramli Wan Daud, and Dariush Jafar Khadem. "Investigation of the Effect of Electrospun Polyethersulfone Nanofibers in Membrane." Defect and Diffusion Forum 312-315 (April 2011): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.312-315.607.
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One dimensional (1D) nanostructure materials such as nanowires, nanofibers, and nanorods with porous structures have potential for use in various applications. Electrospinning is one of the versatile techniques with the ability of producing cost-effective, large production, highly porous nanofibers and membrane with large surface to volume ratios. Poly ether sulfone (PES) is a kind of special engineering plastic with good processing characteristics. In this paper, synthesis of PES membrane was investigated by two main methods, i.e. phase inversion and electrospiing. For electrospining, the main effective parameters such as concentration of polymer and solvent, for finding the optimized condition of electrospun PES membrane was studied. The produced membranes were characterized by SEM for morphology and BET observation of surface area, permeability, flux, and mechanical propertise for different applications.
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Silva, R. A., and M. O. Orlandi. "Influence of Synthesis Route on the Radiation Sensing Properties of ZnO Nanostructures." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4054058.
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ZnO nanostructures were synthesized using two different routes and the light sensor response of structures was studied. The synthesis by carbothermal reduction resulted in ZnO tetrapods while the synthesis by microwave assisted hydrothermal method produced multipoint stars structures. Characterization by scanning and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that both structures consist of one-dimensional crystals with a hexagonal cross section and[001]growth direction. Under a simulated solar radiation spectrum, it was observed that tetrapods display a light sensor response of approximately 5000. For the multipoint stars, a maximum in the sensor signal value of 3400 was achieved, which also represents a substantial variation in the conductivity of the material. A model based on the surface oxygen presence is proposed to explain the observed results.
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Dzido, Grzegorz, Aleksandra Smolska, and Muhammad Omer Farooq. "Rapid Synthesis of Silver Nanowires in the Polyol Process with Conventional and Microwave Heating." Applied Sciences 13, no. 8 (April 14, 2023): 4963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13084963.
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Silver nanowires (AgNWs) represent an excellent material for many advanced applications due to their thermal and electrical properties. However, synthesising materials with the desired characteristics requires knowledge of the parameters affecting their size and an appropriate fabrication method. This paper presents a study on the synthesis of silver nanowires using the polyol process by conventional and microwave heating. Various polyols (1,2-ethanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol) with different viscosities and dielectric properties were used as reductants. It resulted in nanowires with an average diameter of 119–198 nm. It was found that, in contrast to the viscosity and dielectric constant of the alcohol used, the heating method had a limited effect on the average diameter and length value of the final product. The performed studies indicate an optimal strategy for fabricating one-dimensional silver nanostructures using the polyol method.
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Yahaya, Muhammad, Sin Tee Tan, Akrajas Ali Umar, C. C. Yap, and M. M. Salleh. "Synthesis of ZnO Nanorod Arrays by Chemical Solution and Microwave Method for Sensor Application." Key Engineering Materials 605 (April 2014): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.605.585.
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One-dimensional ZnO semiconductor nanomaterials have been attracting increasing attention due to their outstanding properties, which are different from bulk materials. ZnO has a direct band gap of 3.37 eV and large exciton binding energy hence its nanowires and nanorods have been regarded as one of the most promising materials for nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices such as ultraviolet laser diodes, optical detectors and gas sensor. ZnO nanowires and nanorods have been successfully synthesized by various techniques such as evaporation, sputtering and pyrolysis. In this paper we report the preparation of nanorod arrays of ZnO on ITO glass substrates which were pre-coated with ZnO nanoparticles by using low temperature chemical solution method and the result was compared with microwave hydrolysis process. The morphology and structure of ZnO nanorod arrays were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The ZnO nanorod arrays with a diameter of 40-70 nm were successfully synthesized. In microwave hydrolysis method, the diameter, density and surface roughness was found to depend on the microwave power. The microwave method is far superior in producing ZnO nanostructure growth.
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Shehzad, Khurram, Nazar Abbas Shah, Muhammad Amin, Murrawat Abbas, and Waqar Adil Syed. "Synthesis of SnO2 nanowires forCO, CH4 and CH3OH gases sensing." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 14, no. 8 (August 2018): 155014771879075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147718790750.
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Synthesis of one-dimensional nanostructures, such as nanowires, is of vigorous significance for achieving the desired properties and fabricating functional devices. In this work, we report the synthesis of tin oxide (SnO2) nanowires on gold-catalyzed silicon substrate by carbothermal reduction process. SnO2 nanowires were synthesized with SnO2 and graphite powders as the source materials at atmospheric pressure and temperature of 900°C in the ambience of nitrogen (N2) gas. First, the effect of source material ratio SnO2:C on growth of SnO2 nanowires was studied. The structural, morphological and compositional properties of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The scanning electron microscopy investigation reveals that uniform dense nanowires of SnO2 (diameter ~127 nm and length ~40 µm) were synthesized with vapour–liquid–solid mechanism. Ultraviolet–visible spectra estimate that the optical band gap of the synthesized SnO2 nanowires was 3.72 eV. Second, the gas sensing performance of synthesized SnO2 nanowires was investigated by testing with carbon monoxide (CO), Methane (CH4) and methanol (CH3OH) gases at different operating temperatures and concentrations. Results indicate that the synthesized SnO2 nanowires are highly promising for gas sensing applications.
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Marath Santhosh, Neelakandan Marath, Ana Dias, Janez Zavašnik, Elena Stefanova Tatarova, and Uros Cvelbar. "Single-Step Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Enabled Designing of Graphene Hybrids: A Green Approach for Energy Storage Materials." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 19 (October 9, 2022): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0219891mtgabs.
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Considering the increasing demand for advanced energy materials for future energy-related applications, designing promising materials at a low cost is critical. Given the importance of structural design and morphological features of the designed material in energy applications, fabricating materials at the nanoscale with controlled morphology and orientation is important. Recently 2-dimensional graphene-based materials have emerged as a potential candidate for next-generation energy applications. However, conventional chemical and physical routes for producing high-quality graphene have certain limitations either due to the cost or the processing time. Therefore, an advanced technique for designing and processing graphene structures at the atomic scale is needed to produce high-quality materials. In this regard, safe and clean environmentally-friendly plasma-enabled techniques have been explored as a potential method to tailor different structures at the nanoscale. As a synthesis approach, plasma assembles the nanostructures from gaseous into a solid form. Therefore, this paper suggests the advantages of atmospheric pressure plasma-enabled approaches to design and engineer graphene-based materials at the nanoscale with high structural quality and controllability with hybrid morphologies. Here, a novel, single-step microwave plasma-enabled approach at atmospheric conditions used to design hybrid high-quality graphene-based nanostructures is presented. The plasma techniques allow the synthesis of high-quality N-graphene (nitrogen-doped graphene) metal-based nanostructures at one of the fastest production rates of ∼ 19 mg/min. The graphene production is carried out in the high energy density zone of microwave plasma, and the growth of N-graphene sheets occurred in the afterglow region. Spraying metal particle-containing gases into this zone allows the formation of hybrid N-graphene structures anchored with metal oxide/sulphide nanoparticles. Structural and morphological analysis of these hybrids using different microscopic and spectroscopic techniques confirmed the high structural quality and distribution of metal-based nanostructures on N-graphene sheets. This fast and facile approach is expected to provide a significant impact on designing high-quality graphene hybrids, which can be used for sustainable energy storage applications.
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Machín, Abniel, Kenneth Fontánez, Juan C. Arango, Dayna Ortiz, Jimmy De León, Sergio Pinilla, Valeria Nicolosi, Florian I. Petrescu, Carmen Morant, and Francisco Márquez. "One-Dimensional (1D) Nanostructured Materials for Energy Applications." Materials 14, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 2609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102609.
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At present, the world is at the peak of production of traditional fossil fuels. Much of the resources that humanity has been consuming (oil, coal, and natural gas) are coming to an end. The human being faces a future that must necessarily go through a paradigm shift, which includes a progressive movement towards increasingly less polluting and energetically viable resources. In this sense, nanotechnology has a transcendental role in this change. For decades, new materials capable of being used in energy processes have been synthesized, which undoubtedly will be the cornerstone of the future development of the planet. In this review, we report on the current progress in the synthesis and use of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructured materials (specifically nanowires, nanofibers, nanotubes, and nanorods), with compositions based on oxides, nitrides, or metals, for applications related to energy. Due to its extraordinary surface–volume relationship, tunable thermal and transport properties, and its high surface area, these 1D nanostructures have become fundamental elements for the development of energy processes. The most relevant 1D nanomaterials, their different synthesis procedures, and useful methods for assembling 1D nanostructures in functional devices will be presented. Applications in relevant topics such as optoelectronic and photochemical devices, hydrogen production, or energy storage, among others, will be discussed. The present review concludes with a forecast on the directions towards which future research could be directed on this class of nanostructured materials.
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Skibinska, Katarzyna, Karolina Kolczyk-Siedlecka, Dawid Kutyla, Anna Jedraczka, Beata Leszczyńska-Madej, Mateusz M. Marzec, and Piotr Zabinski. "Electrocatalytic Properties of Co Nanoconical Structured Electrodes Produced by a One-Step or Two-Step Method." Catalysts 11, no. 5 (April 24, 2021): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11050544.
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One-dimensional (1D) nanostructures, such as nanotubes, nanopores, nanodots and nanocones, are characterized by better catalytic properties than bulk material due to their large active surface area and small geometrical size. These structures can be produced by several methods of synthesis including the one- and two-step methods. In the one-step method, a crystal modifier is added to the solution in order to limit the horizontal direction of structures growing during electrodeposition. In this work, NH4Cl was used as a crystal modifier. Another way of production of 1D nanocones is the electrodeposition of metal in porous anodic alumina oxide (AAO) templates, called the two-step method. In this case, the AAO template was obtained using a two-step anodization process. Nanocones obtained by the two-step method show smaller geometrical size. In this work, cobalt nanoconical structures were obtained from an electrolyte containing CoCl2 and H3BO3. The electrocatalytic properties of materials fabricated by one-step and two-step methods were measured in 1 M NaOH and compared with bulk material electrodeposited from the same electrolyte. There were several microshell structures in the case of Co deposits obtained by the one-step method. To solve this problem, different conditions of synthesis Co cones by the one-step method were applied. The electrocatalytic activity of these samples was checked as well.
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Sakharova, Nataliya A., André F. G. Pereira, Jorge M. Antunes, Bruno M. Chaparro, and José V. Fernandes. "On the Determination of Elastic Properties of Indium Nitride Nanosheets and Nanotubes by Numerical Simulation." Metals 13, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13010073.
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Among the semiconductors formed by a 13th group element and nitrogen, indium nitride (InN) has promising electronic and optical properties, which make it an appropriate material for light-emitting devices and high-speed electronic applications. One-dimensional and two-dimensional InN structures, such as nanotubes and nanosheets, respectively, are expected to present novel advanced characteristics different from those of bulk InN, bringing new prospects in the designs of electronic and optical nanodevices. Despite the difficulties in the synthesis and mass production of the indium nitride nanotubes and nanosheets, the understanding of their properties, including mechanical ones, deserves more research attention, taking into account future perspectives. In this context, the present work is an exploratory study on the numerical evaluation of elastic properties of InN nanosheets and nanotubes, using the nanoscale continuum modelling (also called molecular structural mechanics) approach. The results obtained constitute a solid base for further investigation on the mechanical behaviour of the InN nanostructures, where studies are at an early stage or almost absent.
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Fu, Xiuli, Guijun Ban, Dan Li, Hanyuan Chen, and Zhijian Peng. "Synthesis and Characterization of One-Dimensional Porous (Zn,Cd)S/SiO2Composite Nanostructural Materials." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/758572.
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One-dimensional (1D) porous (Zn,Cd)S/SiO2composite nanostructural materials were synthesized by thermal evaporation of ZnS and CdS mixture powder at 950°C. The nanomaterials were collected from silicon wafers which were coated with 10 nm thick gold and were set apart from the source about 10 cm away. The diameter of the as-prepared 1D porous composite nanostructures is in the range of 1–1.5 μm and their lengths are up to tens to hundreds of micrometers. The photoluminescence spectra measured at different temperatures of the prepared nanostructures display a similar broadband signature, which can be fitted by Gaussian function into three emission peaks centered at 477, 536, and 588 nm and attributed to band edge emission, neutral oxygen vacancies, and antisymmetric stretching of Si–O–Si and nonstoichiometric SiOx(1<x<2), respectively.
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Shchegolkov, A. V., A. V. Shchegolkov, I. D. Parafimovich, E. A. Burakova, A. V. Kobelev, and T. P. Dyachkova. "Aspects of the directional synthesis of carbon nanotubes to create hierarchical radio-absorbing composite materials." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 80, no. 4 (March 21, 2019): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2018-4-337-343.
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The conducted information review showed that there are various types of radio absorbing materials. The expansion of the working wavelength range for radio-absorbing composites is possible due to the combined use of conductive fillers, characterized by different magnetic and dielectric characteristics and the value of electrical conductivity. As a rule, the increase in the efficiency of radio absorption of materials is associated with an increase in the concentration of metal fillers in them, as a result of which the weight and size parameters increase proportionally. To avoid this, the use of carbon nanomaterials, which have the ability to create self-organizing hierarchical structures in the bulk of the composite, allows. Varying the composition of the catalytic systems of the CVD process allows directional synthesis of carbon nanomaterials with the necessary morphological characteristics. To assess the effect of the composition of the catalyst on the morphology and structure of the synthesized CNTs, 3 Ni / MgO catalyst compositions with different contents of the active component (Ni) were selected. The effectiveness of the obtained catalysts was determined by the specific yield of CNTs (gC/gkat). The morphology and structure of the catalysts and the synthesized CNTs were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (a Hitachi H-800 transmission electron microscope). CNTs were additionally examined by transmission electron microscopy (a Hitachi H-800 transmission electron microscope). The use of a nickel-based catalyst provides the material with magnetic properties. The diameter of carbon filiform formations synthesized on Ni/0.16MgO and Ni / 0.3MgO catalysts is ~ 30 ? 60 nm. The Ni/0.5MgO system is characterized by low productivity in one-dimensional nanostructures; the sample after the CVD process contains a large number of unstructured forms of carbon and an unchanged catalyst. Structural diversity in carbon nanomaterials allows to obtain on their basis an effective hierarchical structure in the radio absorbing composite..
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AlMalki, Faizah A., Khawla S. Khashan, Majid S. Jabir, Aseel A. Hadi, Ghassan M. Sulaiman, Farah A. Abdulameer, Salim Albukhaty, Hassan Al-Karagoly, and Jawaher Albaqami. "Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Carbon Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation in Water and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activity." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (February 7, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7927447.
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Carbon nanomaterials are ground-breaking two-dimensional materials with a wide range of applications because of their unique properties, which include excellent optical, electrical, thermal, and mechanical capabilities; biocompatibility; and inexpensive large-scale production costs. In this study, carbon nanostructural materials (CNMs) were effectively generated using a pulsed laser ablation method on a graphite target immersed in deionized water, and their cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities were evaluated. Lasing pulse duration, ns (1064 nm) with different laser energies (60-220 mJ), was employed for irradiating the target. The formation of CNMs was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which demonstrated that C–H, C–C, C–O, and C=C bonds were successfully formed. TEM micrographs observed CNM formation with a spherical shape and size ranging from 20 to 90 nm. The absorbance was measured using UV-Vis spectroscopy; it increased with increasing laser energy showing two broad shoulders around 210 and 305 nm. Thereafter, the antibacterial activity was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using the agar method. The results indicated that CNMs fabricated at laser energy 220 mJ have the highest activity against both strains and have presented inhibition zone (IZ) of about 34 ± 1.0 mm in S. aureus and 31 ± 1.5 mm for E. coli. A comparison with CNMs prepared at 160 mJ showed an IZ of 14 mm for S. aureus and of 12 mm for E. coli due to synergistic impact, while the cellular material release analysis displayed increased release with respect to the time of exposure due to inhibition of bacterial growth.
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Tang, Shin-Yi, Teng-Yu Su, Tzu-Yi Yang, and Yu-Lun Chueh. "Novel Design of 0D Nanoparticles-2D Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides Heterostructured Devices for High-Performance Optical and Gas-Sensing Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 36 (October 9, 2022): 1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02361318mtgabs.
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Two-dimensional Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), have now attracted much attention due to their unique layered structure and physical properties. Up to date, several studies have demonstrated monolayered and few-layered TMDC-based photodetectors with good stability, photo-switching time and broadband detectivity from UV to infrared light region. However, the reported responsivity is not as high as the theoretical expectation, indicating that the light absorption is limited by the atomic thickness of 2D-TMDCs and could still be improved. To overcome the drawback of low absorption in 2D TMDC materials, previous reports have revealed several strategies to enhance the electric field and light-harvesting in these atomically thin TMDC layers by hybridizing plasmonic noble-metal nanoparticles, such as Pt, Au and Ag, to facilitate the light-matter interaction at the surface of semiconductors. In this regard, we aim to combine highly absorptive CuInS2(CIS) nanocrystals with noble metal nanoparticles as the photosensitizer to enhance the intrinsic absorptivity and promote the performance of MoS2-based photodetectors. The interests of noble nanocrystals such as platinum and gold are featured for their distinctive properties of the carrier transportation and the storage when combined with semiconductor materials. The strategy described here acts as a perspective to significantly improve the performance of MoS2-based photodetectors with outstanding detection responsivity with selectable wavelengths by further controlling the size and material of the decorated CIS nanocrystals. In addition to optical sensing, TMDCs have also been developed as a promising candidate for gas-molecule detection. Different from commercial metal oxide gas sensors, TMDCs as sensing materials can be operated at room temperature with good performance, increasing its reliability for future industrial applications. Nevertheless, the relatively low response and long response/recovery time are the main drawbacks of these promising devices. Therefore, we proposed the approach to successfully increase the surface area of TMDCs by a one-step synthesis from WO3 into three-dimensional (3D) WS2 nanowalls through a rapid heating and rapid cooling process. Moreover, the combination of CdS/ZnS or CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) with different emission wavelengths and WS2 nanowalls will further improve the performance of WS2-based photodetector devices, including 3.5~4.7 times photocurrent enhancement and shorter response time. The remarkable results of the QD-WS2 hybrid devices to the high non-radiative energy transfer (NRET) efficiency between QDs and our nanostructured material are caused by the spectral overlap between the emission of QDs as the donors and the absorption of WS2 as the acceptors. Additionally, the outstanding NO2 gas-sensing properties of QDs/WS2 devices were demonstrated with a remarkably low detection limit down to 50 ppb with a fast response time of 26.8 s, contributed by tremendous local p-n junctions generated from p-type WS2 nanowalls and n-type CdSe-ZnS QDs in this hybrid system. Our strategies to combine 0D nanoparticles or quantum dots and 2D TMDC materials can significantly enhance the optical sensing and gas molecule sensing properties compared to pristine TMDC-based devices, resulting from the efficient charge or energy transfer between the multi-dimension material system and the creation of local p-n junctions. Moreover, the scalability of these hybrid nanostructures allows our devices to exhibit much more possibilities in advanced multifunctional applications.
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Yang, Tzu Yi, and Yu-Lun Chueh. "Researches and Applications of Nanostructured 2D Materials growth By Continuous Wavelength Laser Process." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 36 (October 9, 2022): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02361330mtgabs.
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Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, such as graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), have recently attracted increasing attention of researchers due to their unique phonon and electronic structures. These nanomaterials have been widely used in applications, such as sensors, catalysts, and optoelectronic devices, due to the lack of interlayer bonds and the quantum confinement of electrons. There have been several well studied methods to synthesis 2D materials including chemical vapor deposition(CVD), physical vapor deposition(PVD), liquid exfoliation, Li-intercalation exfoliation,wet chemistry,ultrasonic-ball milling, Among them, CVD is the most famous method to fabricate electronic device with high quality materials characteristic. However, CVD processes will cause extremely harsh heat budget to substrate during high temperature process. Recently, researchers have established transfer method fabricating device on other undamaged substrate. It is the trickiest problem make it cannot apply to industry. In this research, we built an indirect laser projection transfer method. First, we sputter requiring material on Si wafer as donor chip. Followed, placed the donor chip upside down on acceptor substrate, and radiated by laser on the donor chip backside. The deposited component on donor substrate would evaporate, and the vapor would fill between two substrates interspacing. Then, the vapor will recrystallize on the cooler acceptor surface. We have successfully transferred low melting temperature 2D materials such as SnSex, NiSex, SbSex on different acceptor substrate, even on flexible and flammable paper. By controlling laser intensity and irradiation time, we can control the amount of Se scattering, finally manipulate SnSe/SnSe2 phase ratio successfully. The mechanism has been demonstrated by SEM, RAMAN, TEM, XPS, XRD. Owing to indirection irradation, it can transfer materials on several fragile substrates without any heat budget, which reveals the great potential of this method for electronics applications. In this report we successfully demonstrate transferred SnSe/SnSe2 have good feasibility in energy storage system and sensor device.
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Hashtroudi, Hanie, Aimin Yu, Saulius Juodkazis, and Mahnaz Shafiei. "Two-Dimensional Dy2O3-Pd-PDA/rGO Heterojunction Nanocomposite: Synergistic Effects of Hybridisation, UV Illumination and Relative Humidity on Hydrogen Gas Sensing." Chemosensors 10, no. 2 (February 14, 2022): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10020078.
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A two-dimensional (2D) Dy2O3-Pd-PDA/rGO heterojunction nanocomposite has been synthesised and tested for hydrogen (H2) gas sensing under various functioning conditions, including different H2 concentrations (50 ppm up to 6000 ppm), relative humidity (up to 25 %RH) and working temperature (up to 200 °C). The material characterisation of Dy2O3-Pd-PDA/rGO nanocomposite performed using various techniques confirms uniform distribution of Pd NPs and 2D Dy2O3 nanostructures on multi-layered porous structure of PDA/rGO nanosheets (NSs) while forming a nanocomposite. Moreover, fundamental hydrogen sensing mechanisms, including the effect of UV illumination and relative humidity (%RH), are investigated. It is observed that the sensing performance is improved as the operating temperature increases from room temperature (RT = 30 °C) to the optimum temperature of 150 °C. The humidity effect investigation revealed a drastic enhancement in sensing parameters as the %RH increased up to 20%. The highest response was found to be 145.2% towards 5000 ppm H2 at 150 °C and 20 %RH under UV illumination (365 nm). This work offers a highly sensitive and selective hydrogen sensor based on a novel 2D nanocomposite using an environmentally friendly and energy-saving synthesis approach, enabling us to detect hydrogen molecules experimentally down to 50 ppm.
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Ho, Johnny C. "(Invited) From Bulk to Nanostructured Perovskites." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 36 (October 9, 2022): 1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02361307mtgabs.
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The dimensionality of semiconductors has a crucial role in determining their properties. Recently, metal halide perovskites have been demonstrated with many exciting applications, attracting wide attention to further their development for advanced optoelectronics, such as photovoltaics, photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, and lasers. At length scales down to nanoscale regimes, surface features as well as quantum confinement effects become dominant in regulating the material properties of perovskite materials. In past years, our group focus on the synthesis and characterization of metal halide perovskites with different configurations, ranging from bulk films, microplates, nanosheets, to nanowires. The corresponding physical properties and device applications were also systematically studied based on their widely tunable dimensionality, morphologies, and compositions. Specifically, for perovskite bulk films, surface defects and bulk structural order significantly affect their device performance. Through optimizing processing techniques, self-assembled quasi-2D perovskite films with graded phase distribution were successfully prepared. Gradient type-II band alignments along the out-of-plane direction of perovskites with spontaneous separation of photo-generated electrons and holes are obtained, which is later employed to construct self-powered vertical-structure photodetectors for the first time. Without any driving voltage, the device exhibited impressive performance with the responsivity up to 444 mA/W and ultrashort response time down to 52 µs. In addition, to assess the intrinsic material properties of crystalline perovskites, freestanding MAPbI3 nanosheets and lead-free Cs3Sb2I9 microplates were fabricated by two-step chemical vapor deposition method, in which excellent optoelectronic performance (e.g., responsively of MAPbI3 nanosheet is measured to be 40 A/W) together with ultra-fast response speed (down to 58 µs) and superior thermal stability were obtained. For nanostructured perovskites, understanding the dimensional features and their impact on the materials and devices is becoming increasingly important. Lately, we reported the direct vapor-liquid-solid growth of single-crystalline all-inorganic lead halide perovskite (i.e., CsPbX3; X = Cl, Br, or I) NWs. These NWs exhibited high-performance photodetection with the responsivity exceeding 4489 A/W and detectivity over 7.9 × 1012 Jones toward the visible light regime. Field-effect transistors based on individual CsPbX3 NWs were also fabricated to show the impressive carrier mobility of 3.05 cm2/Vs, being higher than other all-inorganic perovskite devices. Besides, the realization of high-mobility CsPbBr3 NW devices is reported via a simple surface charge transfer doping strategy. After MoO3 decoration and device fabrication, the hole mobility of CsPbBr3/MoO3 core-shell NW device is significantly enhanced to 23.3 cm2/Vs. All these results provide important guidelines for the further improvement of these perovskite nanostructures for practical utilization.
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Karbalaei Akbari, Mohammad, Nasrin Siraj Lopa, and Serge Zhuiykov. "Sonochemistry of Liquid-Metal Galinstan toward the Synthesis of Two-Dimensional and Multilayered Gallium-Based Metal–Oxide Photonic Semiconductors." Micromachines 14, no. 6 (June 8, 2023): 1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14061214.
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The scientific field of two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures has witnessed tremendous development during the last decade. To date, different synthesis approaches have been developed; therefore, various exceptional properties of this family of advanced materials have been discovered. It has recently been found that the natural surface oxide films of room-temperature liquid metals is an emerging platform for the synthesis of novel types of 2D nanostructures with numerous functional applications. However, most of the developed synthesis techniques for these materials are based on the direct mechanical exfoliation of 2D materials as research targets. This paper reports a facile and functional sonochemical-assisted approach for the synthesis of 2D hybrid and complex multilayered nanostructures with tunable characteristics. In this method, the intense interaction of acoustic waves with microfluidic gallium-based room-temperature liquid galinstan alloy provides the activation energy for synthesis of hybrid 2D nanostructures. The microstructural characterizations reveal the impact of sonochemical synthesis parameters, including the processing time and composition of the ionic synthesis environment, on the growth of GaxOy/Se 2D hybrid structures and InGaxOy/Se multilayered crystalline structures with tunable photonic characteristics. This technique shows promising potential for synthesis of various types of 2D and layered semiconductor nanostructures with tunable photonic characteristics.
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Matysiak, Wiktor, Tomasz Tański, and Weronika Monika Smok. "Morphology and structure characterization of crystalline SnO2 1D nanostructures." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i3.1019.
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In recent years, many attempts have been made to improve the sensory properties of SnO2, including design of sensors based on one-dimensional nanostructures of this material, such as nanofibers, nanotubes or nanowires. One of the simpler methods of producing one-dimensional tin oxide nanomaterials is to combine the electrospinning method with a sol-gel process. The purpose of this work was to produce SnO2 nanowires using a hybrid electrospinning method combined with a heat treatment process at the temperature of 600 °C and to analyze the morphology and structure of the one-dimensional nanomaterial produced in this way. Analysis of the morphology of composite one-dimensional tin oxide nanostructures showed that smooth, homogeneous and crystalline nanowires were obtained. Full Text: PDF ReferencesN. Dharmaraj, C.H. Kim, K.W. Kim, H.Y. Kim, E.K. Suh, "Spectral studies of SnO2 nanofibres prepared by electrospinning method", Spectrochim. Acta - Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 64, (2006) CrossRef N. Gao, H.Y. Li, W. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zeng, H. Zhixiang, ... & H. Liu, "QCM-based humidity sensor and sensing properties employing colloidal SnO2 nanowires", Sens. Actuators B Chem. 293, (2019), 129-135. CrossRef W. Ge, Y. Chang, V. Natarajan, Z. Feng, J. Zhan, X. Ma, "In2O3-SnO2 hybrid porous nanostructures delivering enhanced formaldehyde sensing performance", J.Alloys and Comp. 746, (2018) CrossRef M. Zhang, Y. Zhen, F. Sun, C. Xu, "Hydrothermally synthesized SnO2-graphene composites for H2 sensing at low operating temperature", Mater. Sci. Eng. B. 209, (2016), 37-44. CrossRef Y. Zhang, X. He, J. Li, Z. Miao, F. Huang, "Fabrication and ethanol-sensing properties of micro gas sensor based on electrospun SnO2 nanofibers", Sens. Actuators B Chem. 132, (2008), 67-73. CrossRef W.Q. Li, S.Y. Ma, J. Luo, Y.Z. Mao, L. Cheng, D.J. Gengzang, X.L. Xu, S H. Yan, "Synthesis of hollow SnO2 nanobelts and their application in acetone sensor", Mater. Lett. 132, (2014), 338-341. CrossRef E. Mudra, I. Shepa, O. Milkovic, Z. Dankova, A. Kovalcikova, A. Annusova, E. Majkova, J. Dusza, "Effect of iron doping on the properties of SnO2 nano/microfibers", Appl. Surf. Sci. 480, (2019), 876-881. CrossRef P. Mohanapriya, H. Segawa, K. Watanabe, K. Watanabe, S. Samitsu, T.S. Natarajan, N.V. Jaya, N. Ohashi, "Enhanced ethanol-gas sensing performance of Ce-doped SnO2 hollow nanofibers prepared by electrospinning", Sens. Actuators B Chem. 188, (2013), 872-878. CrossRef W.Q. Li, S.Y. Ma, Y.F. Li, X.B. Li, C.Y. Wang, X.H. Yang, L. Cheng, Y.Z. Mao, J. Luo, D.J. Gengzang, G.X. Wan, X.L. Xu, "Preparation of Pr-doped SnO2 hollow nanofibers by electrospinning method and their gas sensing properties", J.Alloys and Comp. 605, (2014), 80-88. CrossRef X.H. Xu, S.Y. Ma, X.L. Xu, T. Han, S.T. Pei, Y. Tie, P.F. Cao, W.W. Liu, B.J. Wang, R. Zhang, J.L. Zhang, "Ultra-sensitive glycol sensing performance with rapid-recovery based on heterostructured ZnO-SnO2 hollow nanotube", Mater. Lett, 273, (2020), 127967. CrossRef F. Li, X. Gao, R. Wang, T. Zhang, G. Lu, Sens. "Study on TiO2-SnO2 core-shell heterostructure nanofibers with different work function and its application in gas sensor", Actuators B Chem, 248, (2017), 812-819. CrossRef S. Bai, W. Guo, J. Sun, J. Li, Y. Tian, A. Chen, R. Luo, D. Li, "Synthesis of SnO2–CuO heterojunction using electrospinning and application in detecting of CO", Sens Actuators B Chem, 226, (2016), 96-103. CrossRef H. Du, P.J. Yao, Y. Sun, J. Wang, H. Wang, N. Yu, "Electrospinning Hetero-Nanofibers In2O3/SnO2 of Homotype Heterojunction with High Gas Sensing Activity", Sensors, 17, (2017), 1822. CrossRef X. Wang, H. Fan, P. Ren, "Electrospinning derived hollow SnO2 microtubes with highly photocatalytic property", Catal. Commun. 31, (2013), 37-41. CrossRef L. Cheng, S.Y. Ma, T.T. Wang, X.B. Li, J. Luo, W.Q. Li, Y.Z. Mao, D.J Gengzang, "Synthesis and characterization of SnO2 hollow nanofibers by electrospinning for ethanol sensing properties", Mater. Lett. 131, (2014), 23-26. CrossRef P.H. Phuoc, C.M. Hung, N.V. Toan, N.V. Duy, N.D. Hoa, N.V. Hieu, "One-step fabrication of SnO2 porous nanofiber gas sensors for sub-ppm H2S detection", Sens. Actuators A Phys. 303, (2020), 111722. CrossRef A.E. Deniz, H.A. Vural, B. Ortac, T. Uyar, "Gold nanoparticle/polymer nanofibrous composites by laser ablation and electrospinning", Matter. Lett. 65, (2011), 2941-2943. CrossRef S. Sagadevan, J. Podder, "Investigation on Structural, Surface Morphological and Dielectric Properties of Zn-doped SnO2 Nanoparticles", Mater. Res. 19, (2016), 420-425. CrossRef
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Tang, Dai-Ming, Chang Liu, and Hui-Ming Cheng. "Controlled synthesis of quasi-one-dimensional boron nitride nanostructures." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 10 (October 2007): 2809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0350.
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A floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition method was developed for the synthesis of quasi-one-dimensional (1D) boron nitride (BN) nanostructures. By carefully tuning the experimental parameters such as growth temperature, floating catalyst concentration, and boron precursor, high quality 1D BN nanostructures including nanotubes, nanobamboos, and nanowires were selectively produced. The microstructures of the obtained 1D BN nanomaterials were characterized, and it was found that the nanostructures are composed of hexagonal BN phase with (002) planes stacking in different manners. A growth mechanism of the BN nanostructures was proposed based on the analysis of their structural characteristics and growth conditions.
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Murzin, Serguei P. "Formation of ZnO/CuO Heterostructures Based on Quasi-One-Dimensional Nanomaterials." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010488.
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Nanostructured metal oxides are of great interest both for advanced research and for a wide range of applications that contribute to the increasing demands of electronics, photonics, catalysis, sensorics, and other high-tech industries and are being actively researched and developed. One-dimensional nanocrystal arrays of copper and zinc oxides have become prominent in optoelectronic devices and energy conversion systems. However, although desirable improved properties have been demonstrated, the morphology of materials containing copper and zinc oxide nanowires is extremely sensitive to synthesis conditions and difficult to control. Studies focused on the morphology control of such quasi-one-dimensional materials are not numerous, so the consideration of this issue is still relevant. The characteristics of devices based on such oxide materials can be improved by taking advantage of nanoheterojunctions. A special feature is the possibility of forming a polycrystalline heterojunction in a system of semiconductors belonging to different crystalline syngonies. Currently, much attention is devoted to developing reliable methods of obtaining such nanomaterials, including those, based on processes exploiting novel physical effects. Possibilities of synthesis by pulse-periodic laser irradiation of arrays of quasi-one-dimensional ZnO nanostructures with varying micromorphology on metallic substrates, as well as the creation of ZnO/CuO heterostructures based on ZnO nanowires, were considered. The main distinguishing feature of this approach was the use of laser-induced vibrations to intensify diffusion processes in the solid phase of metallic materials as compared to the simple effects of laser beam heating. Expanding the area of application of the advanced method of creating oxide heterostructures requires a detailed and comprehensive study of new possibilities used to form structures with improved physical properties.
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DINAN, BEN, and SHEIKH A. AKBAR. "ONE-DIMENSIONAL OXIDE NANOSTRUCTURES PRODUCED BY GAS PHASE REACTION." Functional Materials Letters 02, no. 03 (September 2009): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604709000624.
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One-dimensional (1D) nanostructures are of great interest due to the promise of enhanced properties and improved device performance such as increased efficiency in solar cells by improved charge separation. There are many means of producing 1D nanostructures including chemical synthesis, lithography, template assisted growth and gas phase reaction. While all of these have their advantages and disadvantages, growth by gas phase reaction has the benefit of low cost and scalability to be used in mass production. This work outlines several of the more common growth mechanisms which utilize gas phase reactions to produce 1D nanostructures. The similarities and differences between the different mechanisms are discussed with an emphasis on the confinement of growth to 1D.
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Yang, Peidong. "The Chemistry and Physics of Semiconductor Nanowires." MRS Bulletin 30, no. 2 (February 2005): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2005.26.
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AbstractThe following article is based on the Outstanding Young Investigator Award presentation given by Peidong Yang of the University of California, Berkeley, on April 14, 2004, at the Materials Research Society Spring Meeting in San Francisco.Yang was cited for “innovative synthesis of a broad range of nanowires and nanowireheterostructure materials, and the discovery of optically induced lasing in individual nanowire devices.” One-dimensional nanostructures are of both fundamental and technological interest.They not only exhibit interesting electronic and optical properties associated with their low dimensionality and the quantum confinement effect, but they also represent critical components in potential nanoscale devices. In this article, the vapor–liquid–solid crystal growth mechanism will be briefly introduced for the general synthesis of nanowires of different compositions, sizes, and orientation. Unique properties, including light-emission and thermoelectricity, will be discussed. In addition to the recent extensive studies on “single-component” nanowires, of increasing importance is incorporating different interfaces and controlling doping profiles within individual single-crystalline nanowires. Epitaxial growth plays a significant role in fabricating such nanowire heterostructures. Recent research on superlattice nanowires and other nanostructures with horizontal junctions will be presented. The implication of these heterojunction nanowires in light-emission and energy conversion will be discussed. Ways to assemble these one-dimensional nanostructures will also be presented.
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Wang, Jiangxiong, Sishen Xie, and Weiya Zhou. "Growth of Binary Oxide Nanowires." MRS Bulletin 32, no. 2 (February 2007): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2007.44.
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AbstractOne-dimensional (1D) semiconducting oxide nanostructures such as ZnO, SnO2, and In2O3 have been extensively studied due to their excellent optical and electrical properties. Growth of 1D nanostructures with precisely controlled size, phase purity, crystallinity, and chemical composition still presents numerous challenges. In this review, we report the recent progress on the synthesis of binary oxide nanostructures consisting of different oxides through a simple and effective vapor transport approach in our research. By controlling the experimental conditions, this approach enables the synthesis of various multicomponent binary oxide nanowires.
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Cabrera, Julieta, Hugo Alarcón, Alcides López, Roberto Candal, Dwight Acosta, and Juan Rodriguez. "Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of 1D TiO2 nanostructures." Water Science and Technology 70, no. 6 (July 12, 2014): 972–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.312.
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Nanowire/nanorod TiO2 structures of approximately 8 nm in diameter and around 1,000 nm long were synthesized by alkaline hydrothermal treatment of two different TiO2 nanopowders. The first precursor was TiO2 obtained by the sol-gel process (SG-TiO2); the second was the well-known commercial TiO2 P-25 (P25-TiO2). Anatase-like 1D TiO2 nanostructures were obtained in both cases. The one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures synthesized from SG-TiO2 powders turned into rod-like nanostructures after annealing at 400 °C for 2 h. Conversely, the nanostructures synthesized from P25-TiO2 preserved the tubular structure after annealing, displaying a higher Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area than the first system (279 and 97 m2/g, respectively). Despite the higher surface area shown by the 1D nanostructures, in both cases the photocatalytic activity was lower than for the P25-TiO2 powder. However, the rod-like nanostructures obtained from SG-TiO2 displayed slightly higher efficiency than the sol-gel prepared powders. The lower photocatalytic activity of the nanostructures with respect to P-25 can be associated with the lower crystallinity of 1D TiO2 in both materials.
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LU, PAI, and DONGFENG XUE. "GROWTH OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL MnO2 NANOSTRUCTURE." Modern Physics Letters B 23, no. 31n32 (December 30, 2009): 3835–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984909021892.
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Large scale MnO 2 nanorods were controllably synthesized from the inexpensive precursors (e.g., manganese acetate, ammonium persulfate) via a facile one-step low temperature hydrothermal strategy. The crystal phase and microscopic morphology of the as-prepared MnO 2 nanorods were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Through investigating the morphology evolution of MnO 2 products in the whole synthesis process, a novel growth mechanism of these MnO 2 nanorods was proposed, which may be efficiently extended to other material systems as a general approach towards one-dimensional nanostructures. The obtained MnO 2 nanorods may have potential applications in Li -ion batteries and supercapacitors.
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Zong, Zhaocun, Mingzhe Zhang, Hongliang Lu, Dan Xu, Suangming Wang, Huifang Tian, Chang Liu, Haiming Guo, Hongjun Gao, and Guangtian Zou. "Synthesis of PbTe/Pb quasi-one-dimensional nanostructure material arrays by electrodeposition." Applied Physics Letters 96, no. 14 (April 5, 2010): 143113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3386262.
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Moumen, Abderrahim, Navpreet Kaur, Nicola Poli, Dario Zappa, and Elisabetta Comini. "One Dimensional ZnO Nanostructures: Growth and Chemical Sensing Performances." Nanomaterials 10, no. 10 (September 29, 2020): 1940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10101940.
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Recently, one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures have attracted the scientific community attention as sensitive materials for conductometric chemical sensors. However, finding facile and low-cost techniques for their production, controlling the morphology and the aspect ratio of these nanostructures is still challenging. In this study, we report the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) synthesis of one dimensional (1D) zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) and nanowires (NWs) by using different metal catalysts and their impact on the performances of conductometric chemical sensors. In VLS mechanism, catalysts are of great interest due to their role in the nucleation and the crystallization of 1D nanostructures. Here, Au, Pt, Ag and Cu nanoparticles (NPs) were used to grow 1D ZnO. Depending on catalyst nature, different morphology, geometry, size and nanowires/nanorods abundance were established. The mechanism leading to the VLS growth of 1D ZnO nanostructures and the transition from nanorods to nanowires have been interpreted. The formation of ZnO crystals exhibiting a hexagonal crystal structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ZnO composition was identified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) mapping. The chemical sensing characteristics showed that 1D ZnO has good and fast response, good stability and selectivity. ZnO (Au) showed the best performances towards hydrogen (H2). At the optimal working temperature of 350 °C, the measured response towards 500 ppm of H2 was 300 for ZnO NWs and 50 for ZnO NRs. Moreover, a good selectivity to hydrogen was demonstrated over CO, acetone and ethanol.
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Mohamed, Ruziana, Zuraida Khusaimi, A. N. Afaah, Aadila Aziz, A. K. Shafura, Kevin Alvin Eswar, H. Mamat, and M. Rusop. "Progress in ZnO Nanostructure for Sensing Based Using Low Temperature Method." Advanced Materials Research 1109 (June 2015): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1109.415.
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Semiconductor ZnO nanostructure with low dimension for gas sensing has been studied due to its features such as good sensitivity, selectivity and show fast response in gas sensing detection. This attractive material could be growth in a variety nanostructure such as one-dimensional nanostructure eg; the nanorods, nanowire, nanobelts and nanotubes and two-dimensional (2D) eg; nanosheet, nanodisk and nanoflakes. ZnO can also be tuned to perform a mixture of nanostructure to improve the performance of its detection. This paper provides the report in synthesis of ZnO nanostructure with a simple method at low temperature for sensor application.
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Hu, Jinbang, Zhaofeng Liang, Kongchao Shen, Haoliang Sun, Zheng Jiang, and Fei Song. "Recent Progress in the Fabrication of Low Dimensional Nanostructures via Surface-Assisted Transforming and Coupling." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4796538.
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Polymerization of functional organics into covalently cross-linked nanostructures via bottom-up approach on solid surfaces has attracted tremendous interest recently, due to its appealing potentials in fabricating novel and artificial low dimensional nanomaterials. While there are various synthetic approaches being proposed and explored, this paper reviews the recent progress of on-surface coupling strategies towards the synthesis of low dimensional nanostructures ranging from 1D nanowire to 2D network and describes their advantages and drawbacks during on-surface process and phase transformations, for example, from molecular self-assembly to on-surface polymerization. Specifically, Ullmann reaction is discussed in detail and the mechanism governing nanostructures’ transforming effect by surface treatment is exploited. In the end, it is summarized that the hierarchical polymerization combined with Ullmann coupling makes it possible to realize the selection of different synthetic pathways and phase transformations and obtain novel organometallic nanowire with metalorganic bonding.
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Sun, Lin, Jie Xie, and Zhong Jin. "Different Dimensional Nanostructured Silicon Materials: From Synthesis Methodology to Application in High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries." Energy Technology 7, no. 11 (September 25, 2019): 1900962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ente.201900962.
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Xi, Xin, Chao Yang, Lei Liu, ShiChao Zhu, Haicheng Cao, and Lixia Zhao. "Controlled Synthesis of ZnO Nanostructures by Electrodeposition without Any Pretreatment and Additive Regent." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 20, no. 4 (September 25, 2017): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v20i4.270.
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ZnO nanostructures have been fabricated using electrodeposition method without any additive reagent and nucleation-layer. The influences of the applied voltage, temperature, electrolyte concentration, and time on the nanostructures of ZnO have been investigated using cyclic voltammety (CV), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The result shows that the 1-dimensional (1D) nanostructures tend to be formed at lower voltage and electrolyte concentration, while 2-dimentional (2D) nanostructures can be easily obtained at higher voltage and concentration. Although increasing temperature is helpful to grow 1D nanostructures, but excessive high temperature will destroy the ZnO nanostructures because of the high solubility of ZnO. Furthermore, we reveal the mechanism of the formation of ZnO nanostructures mainly depends on the competition between the hydroxylation and dehydration reaction. Our work is helpful for developing the photocatalytic and photodetection applications using different ZnO nanostructures.
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Wu, Changzheng, and Yi Xie. "A New Synergic-Assembly Strategy Towards Three-Dimensional (3D) Hollow Nanoarchitectures." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2008): 6208–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.457.
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Large-scale synthesis and assembly of meso-, micro- and nanostructured building blocks with the desired orientations are of great interest for the next-generation nanoarchitecture design. On the consideration that the traditional synthetic methodologies for nanostructures often produce tangled nanounits, how to align the nanounits into the ordered orientation at high production yield is a great challenge to current methods. The present review describes a facile and controllable way to grow and assemble the 3D hollow nanoarchitectures, with the utilization of the synergic effects of hollowing process from the self-produced templates and the highly anisotropic growth of nanounits of the target materials in one-pot reaction. In this process, the building block nanounits spontaneously in-situ form owing to their highly anisotropic internal structure, while the self-produced templates act as the supporter and growth-direction guidance for the in-situ formed nanounits. Therefore, the whole assembly process is simple, controllable and without the complicated manipulations. Herein, in the light of the different kinds of self-produced templates involved in the assembly process, recent developments based on the new synergic-assembly strategy are reviewed according to the classifications: (1) self-produced gas bubble template strategy; (2) self-produced homogeneous solid template strategy; (3) self-produced heterogeneous solid template strategy. Notably, the synergic-assembly methodology described in this review provides a newly essential way to construct and assemble nanoarchitectures facilely and controllably, and is also a crucial step for the next-generation of nanoarchitecture design in the near future. In conclusion, the challenges and prospects for the future are discussed.
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Yi, Caspar, Evan Lee, Yash Milind Joshi, Vesa Ibrahimi, Michael Williams, Tyler Komorowski, Matthew Moellering, et al. "Galvanically Displaced Noble Metal Nanoparticles Onto Electrosprayed Graphene-CNT Electrodes for Lithium-Ion and Fuel Cell Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 9 (July 7, 2022): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-019763mtgabs.
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Advanced lithium-ion batteries (LIB) and Fuel Cells demonstrate promise as the next generation energy storage and conversion (ESC) technology especially as it pertains to wearable technology and electric vehicles. Although LIB dominate the battery market (>90%) due its reliability, long cycle life, and market maturity, different and more innovative ways to improve the chemistry of the electrode structure must be discovered in order to reduce the cost of materials, dendritic issues at the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, and improve upon the limited anode capacity (graphite theoretical capacity 372 mAh g-1). Fuel cells are also promising renewable energy sources due to their high energy densities and scalability. However, both LIB and Fuel Cells are limited by the 3D materials that enable their enhanced electrochemical and catalytic performance. We propose a platform methodology for the synthesis of 3D electrodes with carbon nanomaterials and noble metals. The enhanced electrical, thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability of graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) offer an ideal platform for electrode design for energy storage applications. Here we utilize spontaneous galvanic displacement driven by reduction potential difference to produce three-dimensional (3D) graphene-CNT-noble metal nanoparticle 3D electrode without the use of any harsh chemical reducing agents. A graphene-CNT slurry with a poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) binder is air-controlled electrosprayed onto copper foil to create 3D composite thin film electrodes. Although noble metals are expensive materials to be used in LIB, we propose a new approach for synthesizing conductive electrochemically stable electrodes. We demonstrate a spontaneous technique to reduce the noble metal salts by galvanically displacement with the copper substrate to deposit noble metal nanoparticles onto the graphene-CNT electrode. The noble metal salt solutions (HAuCl4, K2PtCl4, and Na2PdCl4) are drop casted onto the resulting copper supported graphene-CNT electrodes to enable electroless noble metal nanoparticle deposition. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging confirms that the carbon nanomaterials are integrated with noble metal nanoparticles forming an overall 3D electrode structure. Raman spectroscopy verifies the characteristic D-band, G-band, and 2D-band peaks from the graphitic structure within the 3D carbon and noble metal nanostructure. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are used to characterize the electrochemical properties of the electrodes. We demonstrate that the use of an energy-free and spontaneous process based on the difference in thermodynamic reduction potentials as the driving force for producing carbon nanomaterial/noble metal nanostructured electrodes for batteries and fuel cells. This process is a more simple, scalable, and cost-efficient alternative to current methods for developing lightweight and catalytic electrodes for energy storage applications, such as lithium-ion batteries, lithium-air batteries, and fuel cells. Raman Spectroscopy is used to confirm the presence defects on the oxidized carbon nanotube and graphene oxide surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology of the 3D carbon-noble metal structure and the surface elemental composition. Electrochemical characterization techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), performance testing for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and potentiostatic measurements are used to characterize the areal specific resistance (ASR), areal capacitance, electrochemical surface area, initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE), rate capability and cycling performance, and electrochemical stability, respectively.
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Tan, Lin, Lihong Wang, and Yude Wang. "Hydrothermal Synthesis ofSnO2Nanostructures with Different Morphologies and Their Optical Properties." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/529874.
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SnO2hollow spheres and nanorods were prepared by an aqueous sol-gel route involving the reaction of tin chloride and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in hexanol and heptane under the different hydrothermal treating temperature and time. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra, Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectrum, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and Raman spectroscopy were used to examine the morphology and microstructure to find out the cause. The result indicates that the products are hollow spheres with diameters of approximately 200–900 nm and shell thickness of 60–70 nm via hydrothermal treating at 160°C and one-dimensional rod-like nanostructures with diameters of approximately 20–40 nm and lengths of 100–300 nm via hydrothermal treating at 180 and 200°C, respectively. Room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) properties were investigated under the excitation of 275 nm. The samples exhibited the emission peaks of room-temperature photoluminescence.
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Rajagopal, Rajesh, and Kwang-Sun Ryu. "Temperature Controlled Synthesis of Ce–MnO2 Nanostructure: Promising Electrode Material for Supercapacitor Applications." Science of Advanced Materials 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2020.3638.
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The objective of this study was to prepare Ce–MnO2 nanostructure composite as an electrode material for supercapacitor application. Ce–MnO2 nanostructure composite was synthesized by facile hydrothermal method at different temperatures. Structural details of pure and Ce–MnO2 nanostructure composite were studied using powder X-ray diffraction technique. The formation of flower like structure and strong interaction with Ce and MnO2 were confirmed by field emission electron microscope technique. Their electrochemical performances were elucidated by using cyclic voltammetry, charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. Nearly rectangular shaped cyclic voltagram was observed for synthesized Ce–MnO2 nanostructure composite electrode, indicating the existence of electric double layer capacitance nature. Ce–MnO2 (130) nanostructure composite exhibited high specific capacitance value of 147.25 F/g at applied current density of 1 A/g in 1 M Li2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. Furthermore, resistive and capacitive behaviors of these electrodes were studied from Nyquist and bode diagrams within frequency range of 10 mHz to 100 kHz.
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Nazemi, Azadeh, Seyed Abolfazl, and Seyed Sadjadi. "Controlling the anodizing conditions in preparation of an nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide template." Materials Science-Poland 32, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13536-014-0220-2.
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AbstractPorous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) template is commonly used in the synthesis of one-dimensional nanostructures, such as nanowires and nanorods, due to its simple fabrication process. Controlling the anodizing conditions is important because of their direct influence on the size of AAO template pores; it affects the size of nanostructures that are fabricated in AAO template. In present study, several alumina templates were fabricated by a two-step electrochemical anodization in different conditions, such as the time of first process, its voltage, and electrolyte concentration. The effect of these factors on pore diameters of AAO templates was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
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Dong, Qiu, Li, Shu, Yang, and Jiang. "The Synthesis, Structure, Morphology Characterizations and Evolution Mechanisms of Nanosized Titanium Carbides and Their Further Applications." Nanomaterials 9, no. 8 (August 11, 2019): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9081152.
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It is widely known that the special performances and extensive applications of the nanoscale materials are determined by their as-synthesized structures, especially their growth sizes and morphologies. Hereinto, titanium carbides, which show brilliant comprehensive properties, have attracted considerable attention from researchers. How to give full play to their potentials in the light-weight manufacture, microwave absorption, electromagnetic protection, energy conversion and catalyst areas has been widely studied. In this summarized article, the synthesis methods and mechanisms, corresponding growth morphologies of titanium carbides and their further applications were briefly reviewed and analyzed according to their different morphological dimensions, including one-dimensional nanostructures, two-dimensional nanosheets and three-dimensional nanoparticles. It is believed that through the investigation of the crystal structures, synthesis methods, growth mechanisms, and morphology characterizations of those titanium carbides, new lights could be shed on the regulation and control of the ceramic phase specific morphologies to meet with their excellent properties and applications. In addition, the corresponding development prospects and challenges of titanium carbides with various growth morphologies were also summarized.
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Santhosh, Neelakandan, Gregor Filipič, Elena Tatarova, Oleg Baranov, Hiroki Kondo, Makoto Sekine, Masaru Hori, Kostya Ostrikov, and Uroš Cvelbar. "Oriented Carbon Nanostructures by Plasma Processing: Recent Advances and Future Challenges." Micromachines 9, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9110565.
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Carbon, one of the most abundant materials, is very attractive for many applications because it exists in a variety of forms based on dimensions, such as zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and-three dimensional (3D). Carbon nanowall (CNW) is a vertically-oriented 2D form of a graphene-like structure with open boundaries, sharp edges, nonstacking morphology, large interlayer spacing, and a huge surface area. Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is widely used for the large-scale synthesis and functionalization of carbon nanowalls (CNWs) with different types of plasma activation. Plasma-enhanced techniques open up possibilities to improve the structure and morphology of CNWs by controlling the plasma discharge parameters. Plasma-assisted surface treatment on CNWs improves their stability against structural degradation and surface chemistry with enhanced electrical and chemical properties. These advantages broaden the applications of CNWs in electrochemical energy storage devices, catalysis, and electronic devices and sensing devices to extremely thin black body coatings. However, the controlled growth of CNWs for specific applications remains a challenge. In these aspects, this review discusses the growth of CNWs using different plasma activation, the influence of various plasma-discharge parameters, and plasma-assisted surface treatment techniques for tailoring the properties of CNWs. The challenges and possibilities of CNW-related research are also discussed.