Academic literature on the topic 'Material Synthesis - Different Dimensional Nanostructure'
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Journal articles on the topic "Material Synthesis - Different Dimensional Nanostructure"
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Gupta, Vinod Kumar, Njud S. Alharbie, Shilpi Agarwal, and Vladimir A. Grachev. "New Emerging One Dimensional Nanostructure Materials for Gas Sensing Application: A Mini Review." Current Analytical Chemistry 15, no. 2 (February 19, 2019): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411014666180319151407.
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Background: Nanomaterials have numerous potential applications in many areas such as electronics, optoelectronics, catalysis and composite materials. Particularly, one dimensional (1D) nanomaterials such as nanobelts, nanorods, and nanotubes can be used as either functional materials or building blocks for hierarchical nanostructures. 1D nanostructure plays a very important role in sensor technology. Objective: In the current review, our efforts are directed toward recent review on the use of 1D nanostructure materials which are used in the literature for developing high-performance gas sensors with fast response, quick recovery time and low detection limit. This mini review also focuses on the methods of synthesis of 1D nanostructural sensor array, sensing mechanisms and its application in sensing of different types of toxic gases which are fatal for human mankind. Particular emphasis is given to the relation between the nanostructure and sensor properties in an attempt to address structure-property correlations. Finally, some future research perspectives and new challenges that the field of 1D nanostructure sensors will have to address are also discussed.
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Pan, Hui, Yuan Ping Feng, Jianyi Lin, Chuan Jun Liu, and Thye Shen Wee. "Catalyst-Free Template-Synthesis of ZnO Nanopetals at 60 °C." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 696–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.140.
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We report successful growth of a new form of ZnO nanostructures, ZnO nanopetals at low temperature. This two-dimensional nanostructure is morphologically different from nanowalls. The flat and circularly edged nanopetals intersect each other. The thickness of nanopetals is uniform and about 30 nm. The nanostructure was produced using a simple catalyst-free chemical method based on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template. The growth temperature was 60 °C which is much lower than that required for growing ZnO nanowalls. The formation of the nanopetal network was induced by the porous alumina network on the surface of the AAO template.
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Sousa Neto, Vicente de Oliveira, Gilberto Dantas Saraiva, A. J. Ramiro De Castro, Paulo de Tarso Cavalcante Freire, and Ronaldo Ferreira Do Nascimento. "Electrodeposition of One-Dimensional Nanostructures: Environmentally Friendly Method." Journal of Composites and Biodegradable Polymers 10 (December 28, 2022): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12974/2311-8717.2022.10.03.
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During the past decade, nanotechnology has become an active field of research because of its huge potential for a variety of applications. When the size of many established, well-studied materials is reduced to the nanoscale, radically improved or new surprising properties often emerge. There are mainly four types of nanostructures: zero, one, two and three dimensional structures. Among them, one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures have been the focus of quite extensive studies worldwide, partially because of their unique physical and chemical properties. Compared to the other three dimensional structures, the first characteristic of 1D nanostructure is its smaller dimension structure and high aspect ratio, which could efficiently transport electrical carriers along one controllable direction; as a consequence they are highly suitable for moving charges in integrated nanoscale systems. The second characteristic of 1D nanostructure is its device function, which can be exploited as device elements in many kinds of nanodevices. Indeed it is important to note that superior physical properties including superconductivity, enhanced magnetic coercivity and the unusual magnetic state of some 1D nanostructures have been theoretically predicted and some of them have already been confirmed by experiments. In order to attain the potential offered by 1D nanostructures, one of the most important issues is how to synthesize 1D nanostructures in large quantities with a convenient method. Many synthetic strategies, such as solution or vapor-phase approaches, template-directed methods, electrospinning techniques, solvothermal syntheses, self-assembly methods, etc., have been developed to fabricate different classes of 1D nanostructured materials, including metals, semiconductors, functional oxides, structural ceramics, polymers and composites. All the methods can be divided into two categories: those carried out in a gas phase (i.e., “dry processes”) and those carried out in a liquid phase (i.e., “wet processes”). The dry processes include, for example, techniques such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), pulse laser deposition (PLD), metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). In general, these gas phase processes require expensive and specialized equipments. The wet processes include sol-gel method, hydrothermal method, chemical bath deposition (CBD) and electrodeposition. Among the above mentioned methods, electrodeposition has many advantages such as low cost, environmentally friendly, high growth rate at relatively low temperatures and easier control of shape and size. Generally, there are two strategies to produce the 1D nanostructures through the electrochemical process. They are the template-assisted electrodeposition, and the template-free electrodeposition. In this chapter, we will approach the recent progress and offer some prospects of future directions in electrodeposition of 1D nanostructures. Electrodeposition is a simple and flexible method for the synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures and has attracted great attention in recent years.
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Zhu, Hongliang, Li Fan, Kaili Wang, Hao Liu, Jiawei Zhang, and Shancheng Yan. "Progress in the Synthesis and Application of Tellurium Nanomaterials." Nanomaterials 13, no. 14 (July 12, 2023): 2057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13142057.
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In recent decades, low-dimensional nanodevices have shown great potential to extend Moore’s Law. The n-type semiconductors already have several candidate materials for semiconductors with high carrier transport and device performance, but the development of their p-type counterparts remains a challenge. As a p-type narrow bandgap semiconductor, tellurium nanostructure has outstanding electrical properties, controllable bandgap, and good environmental stability. With the addition of methods for synthesizing various emerging tellurium nanostructures with controllable size, shape, and structure, tellurium nanomaterials show great application prospects in next-generation electronics and optoelectronic devices. For tellurium-based nanomaterials, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy are the main characterization methods for their morphology. In this paper, the controllable synthesis methods of different tellurium nanostructures are reviewed, and the latest progress in the application of tellurium nanostructures is summarized. The applications of tellurium nanostructures in electronics and optoelectronics, including field-effect transistors, photodetectors, and sensors, are highlighted. Finally, the future challenges, opportunities, and development directions of tellurium nanomaterials are prospected.
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Turhan, Emine Ayşe, Ahmet Engin Pazarçeviren, Zafer Evis, and Ayşen Tezcaner. "Properties and applications of boron nitride nanotubes." Nanotechnology 33, no. 24 (March 30, 2022): 242001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac5839.
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Abstract Nanomaterials have received increasing attention due to their controllable physical and chemical properties and their improved performance over their bulk structures during the last years. Carbon nanostructures are one of the most widely searched materials for use in different applications ranging from electronic to biomedical because of their exceptional physical and chemical properties. However, BN nanostructures surpassed the attention of the carbon-based nanostructure because of their enhanced thermal and chemical stabilities in addition to structural similarity with the carbon nanomaterials. Among these nanostructures, one dimensional-BN nanostructures are on the verge of development as new materials to fulfill some necessities for different application areas based on their excellent and unique properties including their tunable surface and bandgap, electronic, optical, mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability. Synthesis of high-quality boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) in large quantities with novel techniques provided greater access, and increased their potential use in nanocomposites, biomedical fields, and nanodevices as well as hydrogen uptake applications. In this review, properties and applications of one-dimensional BN (1D) nanotubes, nanofibers, and nanorods in hydrogen uptake, biomedical field, and nanodevices are discussed in depth. Additionally, research on native and modified forms of BNNTs and also their composites with different materials to further improve electronic, optical, structural, mechanical, chemical, and biological properties are also reviewed. BNNTs find many applications in different areas, however, they still need to be further studied for improving the synthesis methods and finding new possible future applications.
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Kaabipour, Sina, and Shohreh Hemmati. "A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 12 (January 25, 2021): 102–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.12.9.
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The significance of silver nanostructures has been growing considerably, thanks to their ubiquitous presence in numerous applications, including but not limited to renewable energy, electronics, biosensors, wastewater treatment, medicine, and clinical equipment. The properties of silver nanostructures, such as size, size distribution, and morphology, are strongly dependent on synthesis process conditions such as the process type, equipment type, reagent type, precursor concentration, temperature, process duration, and pH. Physical and chemical methods have been among the most common methods to synthesize silver nanostructures; however, they possess substantial disadvantages and short-comings, especially compared to green synthesis methods. On the contrary, the number of green synthesis techniques has been increasing during the last decade and they have emerged as alternative routes towards facile and effective synthesis of silver nanostructures with different morphologies. In this review, we have initially outlined the most common and popular chemical and physical methodologies and reviewed their advantages and disadvantages. Green synthesis methodologies are then discussed in detail and their advantages over chemical and physical methods have been noted. Recent studies are then reviewed in detail and the effects of essential reaction parameters, such as temperature, pH, precursor, and reagent concentration, on silver nanostructure size and morphology are discussed. Also, green synthesis techniques used for the synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) silver nanostructures have been reviewed, and the potential of alternative green reagents for their synthesis has been discussed. Furthermore, current challenges regarding the green synthesis of 1D silver nanostructures and future direction are outlined. To sum up, we aim to show the real potential of green nanotechnology towards the synthesis of silver nanostructures with various morphologies (especially 1D ones) and the possibility of altering current techniques towards more environmentally friendly, more energy-efficient, less hazardous, simpler, and cheaper procedures.
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TANG, YONG-BING, HONG-TAO CONG, and HUI-MING CHENG. "SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL ALUMINUM NITRIDE NANOSTRUCTURES." Nano 02, no. 06 (December 2007): 307–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292007000763.
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This article presents a brief review of the recent research progresses achieved in the field of one-dimensional (1D) aluminum nitride ( AlN ) nanostructures. It mainly covers three aspects: The first one is to introduce the synthetic strategies for several classic 1D AlN nanostructures (such as nanofibers, nanobelts, nanorods, nanowires, nanotips, etc.) including template-confined reaction, arc discharge, catalyst-assisted growth, and vapor transport and related growth methods. The second is to elaborate some special physical properties, such as field emission and photoluminescence, which associate with the uniqueness of 1D AlN nanostructures. It is revealed that aligned AlN 1D nanostructures have low turn-on and threshold voltages, high emission current and small current fluctuation, and that the photoluminescence of AlN nanobelts are different from those of conventional AlN material. The third is to briefly illustrate the potential application of these 1D AlN nanostructures in composite materials. It is found that AlN nanowire is a good reinforcement for improving the mechanical and thermal properties of metal matrix composites, which can be expected to be utilized as packaging material with high strength and low thermal expansion. Finally, we summarize the major challenges in this field. Among them, a thorough understanding of the growth mechanism of 1D AlN nanostructures is the most important issue, and more precisely controlled growth is required to obtain tailored AlN nanostructures according to device applications.
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Solozhenko, Vladimir. "Creation of nanomaterials by extreme pressure-temperature conditions." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314098064.
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Nanomaterials in the form of zero-, one- and two-dimensional nanostructures make a high-impact background for both science and technology. At the same time, the synthesis of bulk nanostructured materials remains the least-explored but challenging domain that allows combining the desired physical, chemical and mechanical properties and gives rise to nanoelectronics, nanomechanics, band-gap engineering, etc. The common methods of soft chemistry allow obtaining nanoparticles whose direct sintering unavoidably leads to the grain growth and lost of nanostructure. The extreme pressure is a parameter of choice to suppress the self-diffusion responsible for high-temperature recrystallization. The bulk nanostructured materials shows the superior fracture toughness and extremely high hardness as compared to corresponding microcrystalline bulks. The remarkable changes in physical and mechanical properties, however, do not affect the original thermal and chemical stability of the phase(s). All this opens unique opportunities for high-temperature superabrasive and electronic applications of such materials. Finally, the extreme pressure-temperature conditions are powerful and promising tool for grain-size control during direct solid-state phase transformations. The simultaneous variation of pressure and temperature makes possible to combine different nucleation, growth and aggregation regimes with high flexibility, and, therefore, to go deep into nanoscale engineering.
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Bhagath Singh, W., Aleyamma Alexander, C. X. Joana May, Pricilla Mary, K. Thiyagarajan, Alphonse Dhayal Raj, R. Suresh, and S. Vasanth Kumar. "ZnO Nanorods by a Simple Two Step Process." Advanced Materials Research 678 (March 2013): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.678.223.
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Low-dimension materials such as nanobelts, nanowires and nanorods are being investigated for their superior properties and numerous applications. Among them, one-dimensional semiconductor ZnO, representing one of the most important low dimensional materials, finds its applications in many different fields such as sensors, solar cells, IR detectors, microelectronics, etc. Synthesis of nanostructures without any catalytic template, or using the self-catalytic behavior of the material would be of interest. In this work, ZnO nanorods have been synthesized by simple two step process without using any catalyst. This method provides an easy way to produce nanostructured metal oxides under normal conditions. The prepared samples were characterized by studying their structural, optical and morphological properties using X-Ray Diffraction, Photoluminescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The diameter of the prepared nanorods were around 20-30 nm¬. The room temperature Photoluminescence spectra of the ZnO nanorods shows a broad visible emission around 450–530 nm.
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Liu, Cailing, Ruibin Wang, and Ye Zhang. "Tellurium Nanotubes and Chemical Analogues from Preparation to Applications: A Minor Review." Nanomaterials 12, no. 13 (June 22, 2022): 2151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12132151.
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Tellurium (Te), the most metallic semiconductor, has been widely explored in recent decades owing to its fantastic properties such as a tunable bandgap, high carrier mobility, high thermal conductivity, and in-plane anisotropy. Many references have witnessed the rapid development of synthesizing diverse Te geometries with controllable shapes, sizes, and structures in different strategies. In all types of Te nanostructures, Te with one-dimensional (1D) hollow internal structures, especially nanotubes (NTs), have attracted extensive attention and been utilized in various fields of applications. Motivated by the structure-determined nature of Te NTs, we prepared a minor review about the emerging synthesis and nanostructure control of Te NTs, and the recent progress of research into Te NTs was summarized. Finally, we highlighted the challenges and further development for future applications of Te NTs.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Material Synthesis - Different Dimensional Nanostructure"
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Liu, Erming. "Synthesis of one-dimensional nanocomposites based on alumina nanofibres and their catalytic applications." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/48323/1/Erming_Liu_Thesis.pdf.
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Materials with one-dimensional (1D) nanostructure are important for catalysis. They are the preferred building blocks for catalytic nanoarchitecture, and can be used to fabricate designer catalysts. In this thesis, one such material, alumina nanofibre, was used as a precursor to prepare a range of nanocomposite catalysts. Utilising the specific properties of alumina nanofibres, a novel approach was developed to prepare macro-mesoporous nanocomposites, which consist of a stacked, fibrous nanocomposite with a core-shell structure. Two kinds of fibrous ZrO2/Al2O3 and TiO2/Al2O3 nanocomposites were successfully synthesised using boehmite nanofibers as a hard temperate and followed by a simple calcination. The alumina nanofibres provide the resultant nanocomposites with good thermal stability and mechanical stability.
A series of one-dimensional (1D) zirconia/alumina nanocomposites were prepared by the deposition of zirconium species onto the 3D framework of boehmite nanofibres formed by dispersing boehmite nanofibres into a butanol solution, followed by calcination at 773 K. The materials were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption/desorption, Infrared Emission Spectroscopy (IES), and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results demonstrated that when the molar percentage, X, X=100*Zr/(Al+Zr), was > 30%, extremely long ZrO2/Al2O3 composite nanorods with evenly distributed ZrO2 nanocrystals formed on their surface. The stacking of such nanorods gave rise to a new kind of macroporous material without the use of any organic space filler\template or other specific drying techniques. The mechanism for the formation of these long ZrO2/Al2O3 composite nanorods is proposed in this work.
A series of solid-superacid catalysts were synthesised from fibrous ZrO2/Al2O3 core and shell nanocomposites. In this series, the zirconium molar percentage was varied from 2 % to 50 %. The ZrO2/Al2O3 nanocomposites and their solid superacid counterparts were characterised by a variety of techniques including 27Al MAS-NMR, SEM, TEM, XPS, Nitrogen adsorption and Infrared Emission Spectroscopy. NMR results show that the interaction between zirconia species and alumina strongly correlates with pentacoordinated aluminium sites. This can also be detected by the change in binding energy of the 3d electrons of the zirconium.
The acidity of the obtained superacids was tested by using them as catalysts for the benzolyation of toluene. It was found that a sample with a 50 % zirconium molar percentage possessed the highest surface acidity equalling that of pristine sulfated zirconia despite the reduced mass of zirconia. Preparation of hierarchically macro-mesoporous catalyst by loading nanocrystallites on the framework of alumina bundles can provide an alternative system to design advanced nanocomposite catalyst with enhanced performance.
A series of macro-mesoporous TiO2/Al2O3 nanocomposites with different morphologies were synthesised. The materials were calcined at 723 K and were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption/desorption, Infrared Emission Spectroscopy (IES), and UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-visible). A modified approach was proposed for the synthesis of 1D (fibrous) nanocomposite with higher Ti/Al molar ratio (2:1) at lower temperature (<100oC), which makes it possible to synthesize such materials on industrial scale.
The performances of a series of resultant TiO2/Al2O3 nanocomposites with different morphologies were evaluated as a photocatalyst for the phenol degradation under UV irradiation. The photocatalyst (Ti/Al =2) with fibrous morphology exhibits higher activity than that of the photocatalyst with microspherical morphology which indeed has the highest Ti to Al molar ratio (Ti/Al =3) in the series of as-synthesised hierarchical TiO2/Al2O3 nanocomposites. Furthermore, the photocatalytic performances, for the fibrous nanocomposites with Ti/Al=2, were optimized by calcination at elevated temperatures. The nanocomposite prepared by calcination at 750oC exhibits the highest catalytic activity, and its performance per TiO2 unit is very close to that of the gold standard, Degussa P 25. This work also emphasizes two advantages of the nanocomposites with fibrous morphology: (1) the resistance to sintering, and (2) good catalyst recovery.
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(9529685), Jiaqi Li. "Conformal Coating and Shape-preserving Chemical Conversion of Bio-enabled and Synthetic 3-Dimensional Nanostructures." Thesis, 2020.
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Impressive examples of the generation of hierarchically-patterned, three-dimensional (3-D) structures for the control of light can be found throughout nature. Morpho rhetenor butterflies, for example, possess scales with periodic parallel ridges, each of which consists of a stack of thin (nanoscale) layers (lamellae). The bright blue color of Morpho butterflies has been attributed to controlled scattering of the incident light by the lamellae of the wing scales. Another stunning example is the frustule (microshell) of the Coscinodiscus wailesii diatom, which is capable of focusing red light without possessing a traditional lens morphology. The photonic structures and the optical behaviors of Morpho butterflies and Coscinodiscus wailesii diatoms have been extensively studied. However, no work has been conducted to shift such light manipulation from the visible to the infrared (IR) range via shape-preserving conversion of such biogenic structures. Controlling IR radiation (i.e., heat) utilizing biogenic or biomimetic structures can be of significant utility for the development of energy-harvesting devices. In order to enhance the optical interaction in the IR range, inorganic replicas of biogenic structures comprised of high-refractive-index materials have been generated in this work. Such replicas of Morpho rhetenor scales were fabricated via a combination of sol-gel solution coating, organic pyrolysis, and gas/solid reaction methods. Diatomimetic structures have also been generated via sol-gel coating, gas/solid reaction, and then patterning of pore arrays using focused ion beam (FIB) milling.
Throughout the sol-gel solution coating and chemical conversion steps of the processes developed in this study, attention was paid to preserve the starting shapes of the nanopatterned, microscale biogenic or biomimetic structures. Factors affecting such shape preservation included the thicknesses and uniformities of coatings applied to the biogenic or biomimetic templates, nano/microstructural evolution during thermal treatment, and reaction-induced volume changes. A conformal surface sol-gel (SSG) coating process was developed in this work to generate oxide replicas of Morpho rhetenor butterfly scales with precisely-controlled coating thicknesses. The adsorption kinetics and relevant adsorption isotherm of the SSG process were investigated utilizing a quartz crystal microbalance. Analyses of thermodynamic driving forces, rate-limiting kinetic steps, and volume changes associated with various chemical reactions were used to tailor processing parameters for optimized shape preservation.Books on the topic "Material Synthesis - Different Dimensional Nanostructure"
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Benisty, Henri, Jean-Jacques Greffet, and Philippe Lalanne. Introduction to Nanophotonics. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786139.001.0001.
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The aim of this book is to cover the scope of Nanophotonics, a discipline that has emerged around the turn of the millennium. It results from the merge of different communities working in different aspects of light-matter interaction at the nanoscale. These include near-field optics and super-resolution microscopy, photonic crystals, diffractive optics, plasmonics, optoelectronics, synthesis of metallic and semiconductor nanoparticles, two-dimensional materials and metamaterials. Our feeling when we started the project was that a book covering most of these aspects altogether was lacking. The field is so rapidly evolving that it is impossible to summarize all the recent breakthroughs. The goal of this book is to provide a self-contained discussion of the fundamentals of the different subfields involved in nanophotonics. The current project is a collaborative project between three researchers that have been actively involved in the field from different communities. Henri Benisty has a background in semiconductor physics and optoelectronics, Jean-Jacques Greffet has a background in near-field optics and light scattering, Philippe Lalanne has a background in diffractive optics and photonic crystals. All of them made significant contributions to the advancement of the field. The book material is based on lectures that have been given by them at the Institut d’Optique Graduate School (Palaiseau, Bordeaux and Saint-Etienne).
Book chapters on the topic "Material Synthesis - Different Dimensional Nanostructure"
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Morari do Nascimento, Gustavo. "Two Spectroscopies as Main Source for Investigation of Polymer-Clay Materials." In Clay Science and Technology. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95825.
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In the recent years the synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials has been one of the most efficacious way to produce new materials with improved or completely new properties. The polymer-clay nanocomposites are one of the most interesting nanomaterials with the possibility to create a myriad of new materials with many applications. Lamellar materials are classified as two-dimensional (2D), because there are formed by platelets piled up in one crystallographic direction, as the graphite and clays. The synthesis of controlled dimensional nanostructures as well as the characterization of the intrinsic and potentially peculiar properties of these nanostructures are central themes in nanoscience. The study of different nanostructures has great potential to test and understand fundamental concepts about the role of particle dimensionality on their physicochemical properties. Among the various materials studied in the literature, undoubtedly, polymer-clay materials, especially conducting polymers with smectite clays, such as montmorillonites (MMT) are of particular note. Our group have paid many efforts in the characterization of nanomaterials by using powerful spectroscopic techniques to study both the guest and host in case of inclusion compounds, nanofibers, carbon allotropes or many phases present in polymer-clay nanocomposites. There are two central questions that it was possible to address in this study: (i) the molecular structure of the polymer is drastically changed inside the interlayer cavity of clay and (ii) by using the appropriate synthetic or heating route is possible to change the molecular structure of the confined polymer. In the follow lines, it is briefly told the main aspects of resonance Raman and X-ray absorption spectroscopies in the study of polymer-clay nanocomposites.
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Khan, Hasmat, Saswati Sarkar, Moumita Pal, Susanta Bera, and Sunirmal Jana. "Indium Oxide Based Nanomaterials: Fabrication Strategies, Properties, Applications, Challenges and Future Prospect." In Indium [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94743.
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Nanostructured metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) in the form of thin film or bulk attract significant interest of materials researchers in both basic and applied sciences. Among these important MOSs, indium oxide (IO) is a valuable one due to its novel properties and wide range of applications in diversified fields. IO based nanostructured thin films possess excellent visible transparency, metal-like electrical conductivity and infrared reflectance properties. This chapter mainly highlights the synthesis strategies of IO based bulk nanomaterials with variable morphologies starting from spherical nanoparticles to nano-rods, nano-wires, nano-needles, nanopencils, nanopushpins etc. In addition, thin film deposition and periodic 1-dimensional (1D)/2-dimensional (2D) surface texturing techniques of IO based nanostructured thin films vis-à-vis their functional properties and applications have been discussed. The chapter covers a state-of-the-art survey on the fabrication strategies and recent advancement in the properties of IO based nanomaterials with their different areas of applications. Finally, the challenges and future prospect of IO based nanomaterials have been discussed briefly.
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Sunny, Fency, Linda Maria Varghese, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, and Kurukkal Balakrishnan Subila. "Metal Halide Hybrid Perovskites." In Recent Advances in Multifunctional Perovskite Materials. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106410.
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Halide Perovskites have gained much attention in the past decade owing to their impressive optical and electrical properties like direct tunable bandgaps, strong light absorption, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and defect resistance shown by them. These materials find application in numerous fields including photovoltaics, optoelectronics, catalysis, and lasing applications. Multidimensional hybrid perovskites have been extensively researched as these structures lead to superior results. They combine the properties of three-dimensional variant along with the stability of the two-dimensional perovskite. This chapter focuses on the unique properties of metal halide perovskites including the crystal structure, optical, electronic, and electrical properties. The different techniques followed for the synthesis of metal-halide nanostructures and 2D/3D hybrids are also included focusing on the changes in physical properties and the structure of these materials.
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"Hybrid Materials based on Silica Nanostructures for Biomedical Scaffolds (Bone Regeneration) and Drug Delivery." In Materials Research Foundations, 103–20. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901076-4.
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Silica nanoparticles with nanoporous nature are introduced as thermally and chemically stable nanomaterials with controllable porosity and morphology. The nanoparticles can be divided into three groups: microporous, mesoporous, and macroporous based on the porous size. The use of these materials for different applications is associated with their unique properties as disinfectants. This chapter discusses different synthesis methodologies to prepare well-dispersed mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and hollow silica nanoparticles (HSNs) with tunable dimensions ranging from a few to hundreds of nanometers of different mesostructures. Several good characteristics of the MSNs, best biocompatibility and low toxicity, are proposed as the basis of the carrier for the controlled release of drugs, genes into living cells and bone regeneration.
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Ghahfarokhi, M. R. "Nano ZnO: Structure, Synthesis Routes, and Properties." In ZnO and Their Hybrid Nano-Structures, 1–34. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902394-1.
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Nanoscale zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most important materials in semiconductor applications today. The ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have received the most interest among the various nanoparticles. The ZnO nanostructures are composed mainly of ZnO and have at least one dimension on the nanometer scale (1-100 nm). ZnO is a wide-bandgap semiconductor with an energy gap of 3.37 eV at room temperature. Different methods have been used to synthesize ZnO NPs, which has led to different physical and chemical properties. The high surface energy of the particles produced in most of these methods tends to accumulate them. Therefore, nanoparticles of ZnO are used in biosensors, gas sensors, solar cells, ceramics, nanogenerators, photodetectors, catalysts, and active fillers in rubber and plastic due to their unique properties. As a UV absorber, it can also be used in cosmetics, photocatalysis, electrical and optoelectronic systems, and as an additive in a wide variety of industrial products.
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Fu, Li. "Plant Tissues as Templates for Morphology Genetic Material Synthesis." In Pathways to Green Nanomaterials: Plants as Raw Materials, Reducing Agents and Hosts, 176–81. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815136388123010010.
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In order to ensure the needs of survival and reproduction, plants have formed various, diverse, multi-dimensional, and multi-scale fine and subtle configurations for millions of years, which provides rich inspiration for scientific research in many fields today. Research on morphology genetic material converts natural biological components into target materials by directly using biological structures as templates and selecting appropriate physicochemical methods while maintaining the fine-graded structure of the template. It can be used to prepare new functional materials with a biological finely-graded structure. This section describes methods for preparing functional materials with biological structures using morphology genetic material research ideas. In this chapter, we briefly introduce the structure of residual materials prepared by using several typical plant structures as templates, and discuss the related functional performance of materials with different structural characteristics.
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Zhang, Tao, and Yuxiang Zhao. "Interfacial Synthesis of 2D COF Thin Films." In Covalent Organic Frameworks [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106968.
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Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are emerging crystalline 2D organic material comprising planar and covalent networks with long-ranging structural order. Benefiting from their intrinsic porosity, crystallinity, and electrical properties, 2D COFs have displayed great potential for separation, energy conversion, and electronic fields. For the most of these applications, large-area and highly-ordered 2D COFs thin films are required. As such, considerable efforts have been devoted to exploring the fabrication of 2D COF thin films with controllable architectures and properties. In this chapter, we aim to provide the recent advances in the fabrication of 2D COF thin films and highlight the advantages and limitations of different methods focusing on chemical bonding, morphology, and crystal structure.
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Al Hashmi, Shamma, Shroq Al Zadjali, Nitul S. Rajput, Meriam Mohammedture, Monserrat Gutierrez, and Amal M. K. Esawi. "Polymers and Graphene-Based Materials as Barrier Coatings." In Handbook of Research on Green Synthesis and Applications of Nanomaterials, 129–51. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8936-6.ch006.
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Currently, a wide range of materials are being used as barrier coatings for different applications. Among them, polymers and graphene have been the focus of many studies. Polymers are used in numerous industries due to their remarkable properties, including resistance to thermal degradation, resistance to chemical permeation, and good mechanical properties. On the other hand, graphene, a one-atom-thick and two-dimensional material, does not allow the permeation of gases or liquid molecules through its plane; thus, it has been considered one of the promising nanomaterials used in gas and liquid barrier applications and corrosion inhibition coatings.
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Kumar Singh, Manoj, Pratik V. Shinde, Pratap Singh, and Pawan Kumar Tyagi. "Two-Dimensional Materials for Advanced Solar Cells." In Solar Cells - Theory, Materials and Recent Advances. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94114.
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Inorganic crystalline silicon solar cells account for more than 90% of the market despite a recent surge in research efforts to develop new architectures and materials such as organics and perovskites. The reason why most commercial solar cells are using crystalline silicon as the absorber layer include long-term stability, the abundance of silicone, relatively low manufacturing costs, ability for doping by other elements, and native oxide passivation layer. However, the indirect band gap nature of crystalline silicon makes it a poor light emitter, limiting its solar conversion efficiency. For instance, compared to the extraordinary high light absorption coefficient of perovskites, silicon requires 1000 times more material to absorb the same amount of sunlight. In order to reduce the cost per watt and improve watt per gram utilization of future generations of solar cells, reducing the active absorber thickness is a key design requirement. This is where novel two-dimensional (2d) materials like graphene, MoS2 come into play because they could lead to thinner, lightweight and flexible solar cells. In this chapter, we aim to follow up on the most important and novel developments that have been recently reported on solar cells. Section-2 is devoted to the properties, synthesis techniques of different 2d materials like graphene, TMDs, and perovskites. In the next section-3, various types of photovoltaic cells, 2d Schottky, 2d homojunction, and 2d heterojunction have been described. Systematic development to enhance the PCE with recent techniques has been discussed in section-4. Also, 2d Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite explained briefly. New developments in the field of the solar cell via upconversion and downconversion processes are illustrated and described in section-5. The next section is dedicated to the recent developments and challenges in the fabrication of 2d photovoltaic cells, additionally with various applications. Finally, we will also address future directions yet to be explored for enhancing the performance of solar cells.
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Shams, Shamsiya, and B. Bindhu. "Two-dimensional Functionalized Hexagonal Boron Nitride (2D h-BN) Nanomaterials for Energy Storage Applications." In Current and Future Developments in Nanomaterials and Carbon Nanotubes, 119–40. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815050714122030010.
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The conservation of energy and the materials utilized for its storage have gathered a wide range of interest nowadays. Two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (2D h-BN), often termed as ‘white graphene’, exhibits various interesting properties and hence, acts as a promising future candidate for energy sustainment and storage. This material assures exquisite thermal and chemical stability, high chemical inertness, exotic mechanical strength, and good optoelectrical properties. 2D h-BN undergoes physical and chemical modulations, and their properties could be tuned, making them more appropriate for energy storage applications. They could also be incorporated with other 2D materials like graphene, molybdenum disulphide (MoS2 ), etc., to improve their properties. It is thus thoroughly and systematically studied for its further usage in field effect transistors (FETs), UV detecting devices and emitters, photoelectric and microelectronic devices, tunnelling devices, etc. The comprehensive overview provides an insight into 2D h-BN and its synthesis routes developed within the past years. The different major properties exhibited by 2D h-BN are also reviewed. Hybridization and doping processes are also discussed. Functionalised h-BN and its utilisation in different energy storage applications are elaborated and reviewed. This review chapter will give a quick glance and perspectives on 2D h-BN and its extraordinary characteristic features that could enhance their usage in energy conversion, storage, and utilisation applications.
Conference papers on the topic "Material Synthesis - Different Dimensional Nanostructure"
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BAVASSO, IRENE, FRANCESCA SBARDELLA, MARIA PAOLA BRACCIALE, JACOPO TIRILLÒ, LUCA DI PALMA, LUCA LAMPANI, and FABRIZIO SARASINI. "HIERARCHICAL ELECTROSPUN VEILS AS POTENTIAL TOUGHENING MATERIALS FOR STRUCTURAL COMPOSITE LAMINATES." In Thirty-sixth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc36/35780.
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The use of fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) as a replacement of traditional homogeneous materials is still hindered by their brittle behavior and poor interlaminar resistance. Interleaving veils in polymer matrix, especially with fibers at the nanoscale dimension, is considered as one of the most promising toughening methods. By considering the hierarchical nature of the resulting laminated composites, their properties are intrinsically dependent on the interaction between the nanofibrous veils and the thermosetting resin and, in an attempt to tailor the interfacial adhesion between the electrospun fibers and matrix, surface modification of the fibers with the integration of inorganic nanostructures could be a solution. This work is an investigation on the use of commercially available electrospun nylon nanofibers decorated with ZnO nanorods obtained by three-step chemical synthesis. The modified veils were interleaved in carbon/epoxy prepreg composites and their mechanical properties were evaluated under Low Velocity Impact (LVI) tests at different energy levels (5 J and 7.5 J). Although the presence of ZnO nanorods did not limit the extension of the delaminated area in case of high energy level test (7.5 J), nanomaterials contributed positively to reduce the extent of the damaged area when a low energy impact was adopted (5 J). A beneficial effect of ZnO-functionalized commercial electrospun veils was observed in the flexural strength of laminated composites. After LVI tests at 5 J and 7.5 J, the flexural strength resulted higher compared to that observed in the same tests on specimens with non-decorated veils (NY4M), thus suggesting a positive role played by ZnO nanorods in hindering delamination propagation.
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Sharma, Pranay, and Anupam Saxena. "On Evaluation of Adaptive Mask Overlay Topology Synthesis Method Using Different Mask Shapes." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-29109.
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Previous versions of the Material Mask Overlay Strategy (MMOS) for topology synthesis have primarily employed circular masks to simulate voids within the design region. MMOS operates on the photolithographic principle by appropriately positioning and sizing a group of negative masks to create voids within the design region and thus iteratively improve the material layout to meet the desired objective. The fundamental notion has been that a group of circular masks can represent a local void of any shape. Thus, circular masks, as opposed to those modeled using simple, non-intersecting, closed curves of generic shapes, have been employed. This paper investigates whether employing masks of more general shapes (e.g., any two-dimensional polygon) offers significant enhancements in efficiently attaining the appropriate topological features in a continuum. Here, performance of two other mask shapes, namely, elliptical and rectangular are compared with that of the circular masks. For fair comparison, two mean compliance minimization examples under resource constraints are solved as each design space is known to contain a unique minimum.
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Gillet, Jean-Numa, Yann Chalopin, and Sebastian Volz. "Thermal Design of Highly-Efficient Thermoelectric Materials With Atomic-Scale Three-Dimensional Phononic Crystals." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43538.
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Owing to their thermal insulating properties, superlattices have been extensively studied. A breakthrough in the performance of thermoelectric devices was achieved by using superlattice materials. The problem of those nanostructured materials is that they mainly affect heat transfer in only one direction. In this paper, the concept of canceling heat conduction in the three spatial directions by using atomic-scale three-dimensional (3D) phononic crystals is explored. A period of our atomic-scale 3D phononic crystal is made up of a large number of diamond-like cells of silicon atoms, which form a square supercell. At the center of each supercell, we substitute a smaller number of Si diamond-like cells by other diamond-like cells, which are composed of germanium atoms. This elementary heterostructure is periodically repeated to form a Si/Ge 3D nanostructure. To obtain different atomic configurations of the phononic crystal, the number of Ge diamond-like cells at the center of each supercell can be varied by substitution of Si diamond-like cells. The dispersion curves of those atomic configurations can be computed by lattice dynamics. With a general equation, the thermal conductivity of our atomic-scale 3D phononic crystal can be derived from the dispersion curves. The thermal conductivity can be reduced by at least one order of magnitude in an atomic-scale 3D phononic crystal compared to a bulk material. This reduction is due to the decrease of the phonon group velocities without taking into account that of the phonon average mean free path.
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Xu, Hongyi, Yang Li, Catherine Brinson, and Wei Chen. "Descriptor-Based Methodology for Designing Heterogeneous Microstructural Materials System." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12232.
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In designing a microstructural materials system, there are several key questions associated with design representation, design evaluation, and design synthesis: how to quantitatively represent the design space of a heterogeneous microstructure system using a small set of design variables, how to efficiently reconstruct statistically equivalent microstructures for design evaluation, and how to quickly search for the optimal microstructure design to achieve the desired material properties. This paper proposes a new descriptor-based methodology for designing microstructural materials systems. A descriptor-based characterization method is proposed to provide a quantitative representation of material morphology using a small set of microstructure descriptors covering features of material composition, dispersion status, and phase geometry at different levels of representation. A descriptor-based multi-phase microstructure reconstruction algorithm is developed which allows efficient stochastic reconstruction of microstructures for Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of material behavior. The choice of descriptors for polymer nanocomposites is verified by establishing a mapping between the finite set of descriptors and the infinite dimensional correlation function. Finally, the descriptor-based representation allows the use of parametric optimization approach to search the optimal microstructure design that meets the target material properties. To improve the search efficiency, this paper employs state-of-the-art computational design methods such as Design of Experiment (DOE), metamodeling, statistical sensitivity analysis, and multi-objective optimization. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using the design of a polymer nanocomposites system.
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Masoumi Khalil Abad, Ehsan, Sajad Arabnejad Khanoki, and Damiano Pasini. "Shape Design of Periodic Cellular Materials Under Cyclic Loading." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47983.
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This paper presents a method to improve the fatigue strength of 2D periodic cellular materials under a fully-reversed loading condition. For a given cell topology, the shape of the unit cell is synthesized to minimize any stress concentration caused by discontinuities in the cell geometry. We propose to reduce abrupt geometric changes emerging in the periodic microstructure through the synthesis of a cell shape defined by curved boundaries with continuous curvature, i.e. G2-continous curves. The bending moments caused by curved cell elements are reduced by minimizing the curvature of G2-continuous cell elements so as to make them as straight as possible. The asymptotic homogenization technique is used to obtain the homogenized stiffness matrix and the fatigue strength of the synthesized cellular material. The proposed methodology is applied to synthesize a unit cell topology described by smooth boundary curves. Numeric simulations are performed to compare the performance of the synthesized cellular solid with that of common two dimensional lattice materials having hexagonal, circular, square, and Kagome shape of the unit cell. The results show that the methodology enables to obtain a cellular material with improved fatigue strength. Finally, a parametric study is performed to examine the effect of different geometric parameters on the performance of the proposed cellular geometries.
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Sakaguchi, Tomoya, Makoto Nishikawa, Sadatsune Kazama, Hisataka Hasegawa, and Masanori Satou. "Dynamic Analysis of Cage Stress in Needle Roller Bearings Under Planetary Motions." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44189.
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A dynamic analysis tool for calculating cage stress in needle roller bearings under planetary motions was developed to examine the mechanism of rising cage stress. This analysis considers three degrees of freedom of a cage and rollers and two degrees of freedom of a planetary gear in two-dimensional model. Moreover, the elastic deformation of the cage is implemented to determine the cage stress by using a Component-Mode-Synthesis method. In order to validate this dynamic analysis, two needle roller bearings with different structural cage strengths were tested in a planetary gear system. In cases where the weaker cages were damaged, the analyzed stress of the cages nearly reached or exceeded the material fatigue strength. This high stress was observed when a roller passed the load zone collided with the pocket bar due to the centrifugal force of planetary motion. The maximum cage stress increased with the carrier rotation speed and the stress of the damaged weaker cage only exceeded the fatigue strength in the experimental range of carrier speed. These results indicate that the dynamic model is effective and valid for the current application.
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Shi, Shaoping, Christopher Guenther, and Stefano Orsino. "Numerical Study of Coal Gasification Using Eulerian-Eulerian Multiphase Model." In ASME 2007 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2007-22144.
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Gasification converts the carbon-containing material into a synthesis gas (syngas) which can be used as a fuel to generate electricity or used as a basic chemical building block for a large number of uses in the petrochemical and refining industries. Based on the mode of conveyance of the fuel and the gasifying medium, gasification can be classified into fixed or moving bed, fluidized bed, and entrained flow reactors. Entrained flow gasifiers normally feature dilute flow with small particle size and can be successfully modeled with the Discrete Phase Method (DPM). For the other types, the Eulerian-Eulerian (E-E) or the so called two-fluid multiphase model is a more appropriate approach. The E-E model treats the solid phase as a distinct interpenetrating granular “fluid” and it is the most general-purposed multi-fluid model. This approach provides transient, three-dimensional, detailed information inside the reactor which would otherwise be unobtainable through experiments due to the large scale, high pressure and/or temperature. In this paper, a transient, three-dimensional model of the Power Systems Development Facility (PSDF) transport gasifier will be presented to illustrate how Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) can be used for large-scale complicated geometry with detailed physics and chemistry. In the model, eleven species are included in the gas phase while four pseudo-species are assumed in the solid phase. A total of sixteen reactions, both homogeneous (involving only gas phase species) and heterogeneous (involving species in both gas and solid phases), are used to model the coal gasification chemistry. Computational results have been validated against PSDF experimental data from lignite to bituminous coals under both air and oxygen blown conditions. The PSDF gasifier geometry was meshed with about 70,000, hexahedra-dominated cells. A total of six cases with different coal, feed gas, and/or operation conditions have been performed. The predicted and measured temperature profiles along the gasifier and gas compositions at the outlet agreed fairly well.