Journal articles: 'Material science- optical properties'

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Tatullo, Marco, Barbara Zavan, Fabio Genovese, Bruna Codispoti, Irina Makeeva, Sandro Rengo, Leonzio Fortunato, and Gianrico Spagnuolo. "Borophene Is a Promising 2D Allotropic Material for Biomedical Devices." Applied Sciences 9, no. 17 (August 21, 2019): 3446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173446.

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Allotropic 2D materials are the new frontier of materials science, due to their unique strategic properties and application within several sciences. Allotropic 2D materials have shown tunable physical, chemical, biochemical, and optical characteristics, and among the allotropic materials, graphene has been widely investigated for its interesting properties, which are highly required in biomedical applications. Recently, the synthesis of thin 2D boron sheets, developed on Ag(111) substrates, was able to create a 2D triangular structure called borophene (BO). Borophene has consistently shown anisotropic behavior similar to graphene. In this topical review, we will describe the main properties and latest applications of borophene. This review will critically describe the most interesting uses of borophene as part of electronic and optical circuits. Moreover, we will report how borophene can be an innovative component of sensors within biomedical devices, and we will discuss its use in nanotechnologies and theranostic applications. The conclusions will provide insight into the latest frontiers of translational medicine involving this novel and strategic 2D allotropic material.

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Yang, Lusann, Joel A. Haber, Zan Armstrong, Samuel J. Yang, Kevin Kan, Lan Zhou, Matthias H. Richter, et al. "Discovery of complex oxides via automated experiments and data science." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 37 (September 10, 2021): e2106042118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2106042118.

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The quest to identify materials with tailored properties is increasingly expanding into high-order composition spaces, with a corresponding combinatorial explosion in the number of candidate materials. A key challenge is to discover regions in composition space where materials have novel properties. Traditional predictive models for material properties are not accurate enough to guide the search. Herein, we use high-throughput measurements of optical properties to identify novel regions in three-cation metal oxide composition spaces by identifying compositions whose optical trends cannot be explained by simple phase mixtures. We screen 376,752 distinct compositions from 108 three-cation oxide systems based on the cation elements Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Y, In, Sn, Ce, and Ta. Data models for candidate phase diagrams and three-cation compositions with emergent optical properties guide the discovery of materials with complex phase-dependent properties, as demonstrated by the discovery of a Co-Ta-Sn substitutional alloy oxide with tunable transparency, catalytic activity, and stability in strong acid electrolytes. These results required close coupling of data validation to experiment design to generate a reliable end-to-end high-throughput workflow for accelerating scientific discovery.

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Fu, Lixin, Mi Lin, Zixian Liang, Qiong Wang, Yaoxian Zheng, and Zhengbiao Ouyang. "The Transmission Properties of One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Gradient Materials." Materials 15, no. 22 (November 14, 2022): 8049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15228049.

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In this paper, we studied the transmission properties, including photonic band gap (PBG) and defect mode properties, of one-dimensional photonic crystals (1D PCs) consisting of gradient materials. When keeping the average refractive index of the gradient materials in the 1D gradient-material PCs (1D GPCs) the same as the index of the corresponding normal materials in the 1D normal-material PCs (1D NPCs), by transfer matrix method, we found that the complete 1D GPCs with high-index gradient materials benefit to achieve larger omni-PBG than that in 1D NPCs. In our high-index gradient material case, for TE(TM) wave, the optimal omni-PBGs in 1D GPCs with first- and second-order gradient materials are 38.6% (50.2%) and 15.9% (22.3%) larger than that in 1D NPCs; while for the optimal relative bandwidths of omni-PBG, the corresponding promotions are 41.1% (52.3%) and 16.1% (22.6%), respectively. In addition, when defective 1D GPCs have gradient-material defect, the position of defect modes can be adjusted by selecting proper parameters of the gradient materials. These types of research are useful for designing wide PBG devices and tunable narrow-band filters which have potential application in optical communication.

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Couturier, G., B. Jean, J. F. Lambert, and P. Joffre. "Optical and transport properties in the electro-optical material CdIn2Te4." Materials Science and Engineering: B 21, no. 2-3 (November 1993): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5107(93)90380-6.

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Presser, Cary, Joseph M. Conny, and Ashot Nazarian. "Filter Material Effects on Particle Absorption Optical Properties." Aerosol Science and Technology 48, no. 5 (March 12, 2014): 515–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2014.890999.

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Ndukwe, Francis, and A. Ekpunobi. "Processing and Characterization of Limestone Nanoparticles." American Journal of Physical Sciences 1, no. 1 (February 13, 2023): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ajps.1770.

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The effective application usage of solid materials of cannot be granted if the fundamental properties of the material are unknown. Material characterization is one of ways science due apply to determine the fundamental properties of any material. The characterizations of materials in the various discipline of science are of different methods. This research work, processing and characterization of limestone nanoparticles as concern the field of material science was experimentally studied on three major categories: The micro structure using an optical microscope, in which the micro-structure image was obtained at its particulate of approximately 2.5nm. The absorbance obtained experimentally using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer at wavelength raging from 190nm to 900nm. The transmittance, reflectance, refractive index was obtained mathematically, with the optical band gap obtained to be equal to 1.62eV. Finally the elemental composition was obtained using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS), at which calcium was found to have the highest concentration among other metal present in the limestone nanoparticle.

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Biswas, Soham. "Study of Metal Chalcogenide Material for Optical and Electrical Properties." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 3 (March 31, 2024): 2758–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.59382.

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Abstract: Metal chalcogenide materials offer a complex tapestry of optical and electrical properties that engage researchers from a variety of disciplines, making their study an important area of study in materials science. This abstract light up the dual nature of these materials and their possible uses by exploring the complex interactions that exist between structure, composition, and functioning. The search for new materials with customised optical responses has focused attention on the optical characteristics of metal chalcogenides recently. Optoelectronic device improvements are made possible by the versatile platform provided by the bandgap engineering in these compounds for altering light-matter interactions. A thorough understanding of metal chalcogenides' optical properties is provided by examining their absorption and emission spectra, quantum yield, and nonlinear optical behaviours. This knowledge is essential for the creation of sensors, photodetectors, and light-emitting gadgets of the future.

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De Santis, Felice, and Roberto Pantani. "Optical Properties of Polypropylene upon Recycling." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/354093.

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In the last few years there has been an increasing interest in the possibility of recycling polymeric materials, using physical recycling. However, is it well known that polymers experience a depletion of all the properties upon recycling. These effects have been widely characterized in the literature for what concerns the mechanical or rheological properties. The changes of optical properties after recycling have been much less studied, even if, especially in food packaging, optical characteristics (above all the opacity) are of extreme importance, and thus it is quite significant to assess the effect of recycling on these properties. In this work, the influence of recycling steps on the opacity of films of a commercial grade of isotactic polypropylene (i-PP) was studied. The material was extruded several times to mimic the effect of recycling procedures. After extrusion, films were obtained by cooling samples of material at different cooling rates. The opacity of the obtained films was then measured and related to their crystallinity and morphology. It was found that opacity generally increases on increasing the amount ofαphase and for the same amount ofαphase on increasing the size of the spherulites.

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WANG, Xuemei, Xiang GUI, Yingping QI, Yongfeng SHEN, and Hua LI. "Experimental Study, Characterization and Performance Test of Epoxy Cyclohexane-Based Transparent Polyurethane Material." Materials Science 27, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.ms.22858.

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A novel epoxy cyclohexane-based polyurethane material was synthesized from a self-made epoxy cyclohexane-tetrahydrofuran (CHO-THF) co-polyether. Due to the special rigid six-membered ring skeleton in the polyether molecular chain, the polyurethane materials have excellent mechanical properties, good optical transparency and weather resistance. In this paper, the synthesis process of the epoxy cyclohexane-based polyurethane material was studied and the properties of the material were tested. The results showed that curing parameters R value had effects on the mechanical properties and optical transparency of the material.

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Xiao, Xinzhe, Yumin Zhang, Lei Zhou, Bin Li, and Lin Gu. "Photoluminescence and Fluorescence Quenching of Graphene Oxide: A Review." Nanomaterials 12, no. 14 (July 17, 2022): 2444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12142444.

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In recent decades, photoluminescence (PL) material with excellent optical properties has been a hot topic. Graphene oxide (GO) is an excellent candidate for PL material because of its unique optical properties, compared to pure graphene. The existence of an internal band gap in GO can enrich its optical properties significantly. Therefore, GO has been widely applied in many fields such as material science, biomedicine, anti-counterfeiting, and so on. Over the past decade, GO and quantum dots (GOQDs) have attracted the attention of many researchers as luminescence materials, but their luminescence mechanism is still ambiguous, although some theoretical results have been achieved. In addition, GO and GOQDs have fluorescence quenching properties, which can be used in medical imaging and biosensors. In this review, we outline the recent work on the photoluminescence phenomena and quenching process of GO and GOQDs. First, the PL mechanisms of GO are discussed in depth. Second, the fluorescence quenching mechanism and regulation of GO are introduced. Following that, the applications of PL and fluorescence quenching of GO–including biomedicine, electronic devices, material imaging–are addressed. Finally, future development of PL and fluorescence quenching of GO is proposed, and the challenges exploring the optical properties of GO are summarized.

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Satayeva, G. E. "OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON CONTAINING NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS BASED ON THE POLYSTYRENE-FULLERENE C60 SYSTEM." Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 20, no. 3(45) (September 21, 2023): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023no3/27-34.

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Carbon-based nanocomposites have attracted significant attention due to their unique properties and potential for use in various technological applications. In this study, experimental investigations were conducted to determine the spectral properties of carbon-containing nanocomposite polymer films based on polystyrene (PS) with fullerene C60 nanoadditives. The results indicate that the incorporation of fullerene nanoparticles into the PS matrix enhances the optical properties of the material. Specifically, the optical density of the samples increases, the absorption coefficient increases, and the width of the bandgap decreases with an increase in carbon additive concentration. These findings suggest that fullerene-based nanocomposites are promising materials for optoelectronic and nanotechnological applications. The results of this work contribute to the growing body of research on carbon-based nanocomposites and their potential for use in a range of fields, including electronics, energy storage, and sensing applications. The enhanced optical properties of fullerene-based nanocomposites suggest that they may be particularly useful for developing novel optoelectronic devices and sensors. Overall, this study highlights the potential of fullerene-based nanocomposites as a versatile and promising material platform for various technological applications.

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Kumar, Rajay, and Stephen B. Cronin. "Optical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Under Axial Strain." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.n12.

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A review is given of Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotubes under axial strain. Carbon nanotubes possess a high Young's modulus (1 TPa) and breaking strains of 5–15%. Resonance Raman spectroscopy reveals changes in the electronic energies and lattice structure of nanotubes under applied strain. Studies performed on composite materials, where nanotubes have been added to increase the material's strength, are reviewed. Measurements of individual nanotubes under strain are also presented. Emphasis is given to the important new physics revealed by observing the strain-induced changes in the Raman spectra of individual nanotubes. A brief review of theoretical calculations performed on nanotubes under strain is also presented. The implications for using carbon nanotubes as a high strength material and as a strain sensitive material are indicated.

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Zhang, W., and P. S. Halasyamani. "Crystal growth and optical properties of a UV nonlinear optical material KSrCO3F." CrystEngComm 19, no. 32 (2017): 4742–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ce01097d.

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Pont, Sylvia C. "Light: Toward a Transdisciplinary Science of Appearance and Atmosphere." Annual Review of Vision Science 5, no. 1 (September 15, 2019): 503–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014934.

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To understand the processes behind seeing light, we need to integrate knowledge about the incoming optical structure, its perception, and how light interacts with material, shape, and space—objectively and subjectively. To that end, we need a novel approach to the science of light, namely, a transdisciplinary science of appearance, integrating optical, perceptual, and design knowledge and methods. In this article, I review existing literature as a basis for such a synthesis, which should discuss light in its full complexity, including its spatial properties and interactions with materials, shape, and space. I propose to investigate this by representing the endless variety of light, materials, shapes, and space as canonical modes and their combinations.

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Lamberti, Luciano. "Advances in Multi-Scale Mechanical Characterization of Materials with Optical Methods." Materials 14, no. 23 (November 28, 2021): 7282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237282.

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The mechanical characterization of materials embraces many different aspects, such as, for example, (i) to assess materials’ constitutive behavior under static and dynamic conditions; (ii) to analyze material microstructure; (iii) to assess the level of damage developed in the material; (iv) to determine surface/interfacial properties; and (v) to optimize manufacturing processes in terms of process speed and reliability and obtain the highest quality of manufactured products [...]

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Kłosowicz, Stanisław J. "Recent trends in studies on polymer — dispersed liquid crystal composites." Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 68, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3000.

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The paper presents a review of results of studies in the field of PDLC material science and physics obtained during last few years and shows the main fields of interest in that subject. It covers an application of new polymers and liquid crystalline materials used to prepare those composites, modification of their properties by different inorganic and organic dopants as well as new optical properties. The evolution of scientific interest regarding PDLC composites in recent years is shown. Keywords: material science, composites, polymer-dispersed liquid crystals, optics, electrooptics.

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Huso, Jesse, John L. Morrison, Hui Che, Jency P. Sundararajan, Wei Jiang Yeh, David McIlroy, Thomas J. Williams, and Leah Bergman. "ZnO and MgZnO Nanocrystalline Flexible Films: Optical and Material Properties." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/691582.

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An emerging material for flexible UV applications isMgxZn1−xO which is capable of tunable bandgap and luminescence in the UV range of ~3.4 eV–7.4 eV depending on the compositionx. Studies on the optical and material characteristics of ZnO and Mg0.3Zn0.7O nanocrystalline flexible films are presented. The analysis indicates that the ZnO and Mg0.3Zn0.7O have bandgaps of 3.34 eV and 4.02 eV, respectively. The photoluminescence (PL) of the ZnO film was found to exhibit a structural defect-related emission at ~3.316 eV inherent to the nanocrystalline morphology. The PL of the Mg0.3Zn0.7O film exhibits two broad peaks at 3.38 eV and at 3.95 eV that are discussed in terms of the solubility limit of the ZnO-MgO alloy system. Additionally, external deformation of the film did not have a significant impact on its properties as indicated by the Raman LO-mode behavior, making these films attractive for UV flexible applications.

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Gabriel, Djoko Sihono, and Husen Nasrullah. "Optical Properties Improvement of Recycled Polypropylene with Material Value Conservation Schemes Using Virgin Plastic Blends." Materials Science Forum 1020 (February 2021): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1020.199.

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Repetitive implementation of material value conservation (MVC) in plastic packaging may lead to good quality plastic waste and high acceptance for secondary recycling. This makes the obtained recycled plastic pellets has good quality and can be used as an alternative raw material for new products. However, treatments and processing in the recycling processes can lead to the degradation of material properties and disrupt the recycled plastics life cycle to be used for new products with high specifications. Recycled plastics are certainly cheaper than virgin plastics, but they have low properties, contaminated, and are only used for low-value products. Therefore, a solution is needed for this problem. This study proposed mixing recycled and virgin plastic pellets to improve recycled plastics whose optical properties have been subjected to quality degradation. A series of tests were carried out on specimens and tested according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) method. The optical properties tested were transparency, gloss, and colour. This study revealed that optical properties had an increasing trend along with the large number of virgin plastic pellets added to the blends. The optimal composition was found in the 50:50 composition of virgin-recycled plastic pellets to the 70:30 composition of virgin-recycled plastic pellets. These findings can be useful in improving the optical properties of recycled plastics. In addition, the widespread implementation of MVC can improve the quality of plastic waste and strengthen its acceptance for secondary recycling.

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Koruga, Đuro, Dragomir Stamenković, Ivan Djuricic, Ivana Mileusnic, Jovana Šakota, Božica Bojović, and Zorana Golubovoć. "Nanophotonic Rigid Contact Lenses: Engineering and Characterization." Advanced Materials Research 633 (January 2013): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.633.239.

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Contact lenses are a common optical aid to provide help with refractive anomalies of the human eye. Construction of contact lenses is a complex engineering task as it requires knowledge of optics, materials science, production and characterization methods for product quality. Besides correcting refractive anomalies, by using contact lenses it is possible to change the characteristics of light through the manipulation of material structure properties. Nanomaterials, such as fullerene C60, are candidates for the medium that interacts with light, thus changing its properties. During material syntheses for contact lenses, fullerenes are added to the base material and optical characteristics of the new nanophotonic material are compared with the base material. The engineering, manufacture and characterization of both a commercial and a new nanophotonic contact lens is presented in this paper. The interaction of water with both base and nanophotonic contact lens materials is described. Using experimental techniques, the phenomena of an exclusion zone (EZ) is also identified.

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Ermolaev, Georgy A., Ivan S. Vyslanko, Andrey P. Tselin, Marwa A. El-Sayed, Mikhail K. Tatmyshevskiy, Aleksandr S. Slavich, Dmitry I. Yakubovsky, et al. "Broadband Optical Properties of Bi2Se3." Nanomaterials 13, no. 9 (April 25, 2023): 1460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13091460.

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Materials with high optical constants are of paramount importance for efficient light manipulation in nanophotonics applications. Recent advances in materials science have revealed that van der Waals (vdW) materials have large optical responses owing to strong in-plane covalent bonding and weak out-of-plane vdW interactions. However, the optical constants of vdW materials depend on numerous factors, e.g., synthesis and transfer method. Here, we demonstrate that in a broad spectral range (290–3300 nm) the refractive index n and the extinction coefficient k of Bi2Se3 are almost independent of synthesis technology, with only a ~10% difference in n and k between synthesis approaches, unlike other vdW materials, such as MoS2, which has a ~60% difference between synthesis approaches. As a practical demonstration, we showed, using the examples of biosensors and therapeutic nanoparticles, that this slight difference in optical constants results in reproducible efficiency in Bi2Se3-based photonic devices.

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Prokes, S. M. "Surface and optical properties of porous silicon." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 2 (February 1996): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0036.

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Although silicon is the material of choice in the semiconductor industry, it has one serious disadvantage: it is an extremely poor optoelectronic material. This is because it is an indirect gap semiconductor, in which radiative transition results in extremely weak light emission in the infrared part of the spectrum. Thus, the discovery of strong visible luminescence from a silicon-based material (porous silicon) has been quite surprising and has generated significant interest, both scientific and technological. This material differs from bulk silicon in one important way, in that it consists of interconnected silicon nanostructures with very large surface to volume ratios. Although the first mechanism proposed to explain this emission process involved carrier recombination within quantum size silicon particles, more recent work has shown that the surface chemistry appears to be the controlling factor in this light emission process. Thus, the aim of this work is to outline the data and arguments that have been presented to support the quantum confinement model, along with the shortcomings of such a model, and to examine more recent models in which the chemical and structural properties of the surface regions of the nanostructures have been incorporated.

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Fang, Mengqi, and Eui-Hyeok Yang. "Advances in Two-Dimensional Magnetic Semiconductors via Substitutional Doping of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides." Materials 16, no. 10 (May 12, 2023): 3701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16103701.

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Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are two-dimensional (2D) materials with remarkable electrical, optical, and chemical properties. One promising strategy to tailor the properties of TMDs is to create alloys through a dopant-induced modification. Dopants can introduce additional states within the bandgap of TMDs, leading to changes in their optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. This paper overviews chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods to introduce dopants into TMD monolayers, and discusses the advantages, limitations, and their impacts on the structural, electrical, optical, and magnetic properties of substitutionally doped TMDs. The dopants in TMDs modify the density and type of carriers in the material, thereby influencing the optical properties of the materials. The magnetic moment and circular dichroism in magnetic TMDs are also strongly affected by doping, which enhances the magnetic signal in the material. Finally, we highlight the different doping-induced magnetic properties of TMDs, including superexchange-induced ferromagnetism and valley Zeeman shift. Overall, this review paper provides a comprehensive summary of magnetic TMDs synthesized via CVD, which can guide future research on doped TMDs for various applications, such as spintronics, optoelectronics, and magnetic memory devices.

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Chen, Songhua, Rui Luo, Xinyue Li, Meiyun He, Shanshan Fu, and Jialiang Xu. "Aggregation Induced Emission and Nonlinear Optical Properties of an Intramolecular Charge-Transfer Compound." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 11, 2021): 1909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081909.

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Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) compounds have attracted wide attention for their potential applications in optoelectronic materials and devices such as fluorescent sensors, dye-sensitized solar cells, organic light emitting diodes and nonlinear optics. In this work, we have synthesized a new ICT compound, dimethyl-[4-(7-nitro-benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl)-phenyl]-amine (BTN), and have fabricated it into low dimensional micro/nano structures with well-defined morphologies. These self-assembled nanostructures exhibit high efficiency solid state fluorescence via an aggregation induced emission mechanism, which overcomes the defect of fluorescence quenching caused by aggregation in the solid state of traditional luminescent materials. We also explored and studied the nonlinear optical properties of this material through the Z-scan method, and found that this material exhibits large third-order nonlinear absorption and refraction coefficients, which promises applications of the materials in the fields of nonlinear optics and optoelectronics.

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Parker, Thomas C., and John D. Demaree. "Development of High Temperature Optical Interference Filters." MRS Proceedings 1494 (2013): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.238.

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ABSTRACTOblique angle deposition (OAD) is a self-organizing physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique that has been used to grow sculpted 3D nanostructures including helices, slanted rods, and zigzag structures, and other shapes. OAD structures can be fabricated from virtually any material that can be deposited using PVD including: polymers, metals, semiconductors, oxides, and nitrides. The control over the nano-scale structural anisotropy of these materials allows one to tailor their electrical, magnetic, mechanical, crystalline, and optical properties. Through the careful design of the OAD structure and material selection this technique can be used to create photonic materials (1D, 2D, and 3D) with unique properties. We will discuss ongoing work using OAD to develop oxide thin film interference filters that can withstand extreme temperatures (800-1000° C) at mTorr vacuum levels, which are being developed for thermal photovoltaic applications.

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Ghosh, Mainak, and Samriddho Ghosh. "Establishing a generic process framework for design and analysis of materials based on visual perception: study through two cases." MRS Advances 5, no. 23-24 (2020): 1167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.63.

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ABSTRACTAny material inherently comes with its physical and chemical properties. The material scientists and allied engineers work on these properties in order to unearth newer findings. The change in the properties of a material through various process directly affects its characteristics and behaviour. Significant research on material science and metallurgical engineering have been done based on physical properties of the substance. Out of many physical characteristics of materials, this paper focuses on optical properties based on human visual perception. The particular research aims at an interdisciplinary approach to investigate how visual perception plays an important role in design and analysis of materials. Two particular cases have been analysed for this purpose, one in the domain of micro structure analysis and the other relating to the external physical visual characteristics of a material. Through this analysis a generic process framework is evolved which could be applied in material research as a theoretical discourse. Additionally an expert opinion survey reinforces the establishment of the evolved process framework. It would help scientists and engineers adapt and relate to a process so far as designing of new materials or comparative assessment of materials are concerned based on human visual perception.

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Ruuskanen, Antti, Sami Romakkaniemi, Harri Kokkola, Antti Arola, Santtu Mikkonen, Harri Portin, Annele Virtanen, Kari E. J. Lehtinen, Mika Komppula, and Ari Leskinen. "Observations on aerosol optical properties and scavenging during cloud events." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 3 (February 9, 2021): 1683–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1683-2021.

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Abstract. Long-term statistics of atmospheric aerosol and especially cloud scavenging were studied at the Puijo measurement station in Kuopio, Finland, during October 2010–November 2014. Aerosol size distributions, scattering coefficients at three different wavelengths (450, 550, and 700 nm), and absorption coefficient at wavelength 637 nm were measured with a special inlet system to sample interstitial and total aerosol in clouds. On average, accumulation mode particle concentration was found to be correlated with temperature with the lowest average concentrations of 200 cm−3 around 0 ∘C increasing to 800 cm−3 at 20 ∘C. The scavenging efficiencies of both scattering and absorbing material were observed to have a slightly positive temperature correlation in in-cloud measurements. At 0 ∘C, the scavenging efficiencies of scattering and absorbing material were 0.85 and 0.55 with slopes of 0.005 and 0.003 ∘C−1, respectively. Scavenging efficiencies were also studied as a function of the diameter at which half of the particles are activated into cloud droplets. This analysis indicated that there is a higher fraction of absorbing material, typically black carbon, in smaller sizes so that at least 20 %–30 % of interstitial particles within clouds consist of absorbing material. In addition, the PM1 inlet revealed that approximately 20 % of absorbing material was observed to reside in particles with ambient diameter larger than ∼ 1 µm at relative humidity below 90 %. Similarly, 40 % of scattering material was seen to be in particles larger than 1 µm. Altogether, this dataset provides information on the size-dependent aerosol composition and in-cloud scavenging of different types of aerosol. The dataset can be useful in evaluating how well the size-dependent aerosol composition is simulated in global aerosol models and how well these models capture the in-cloud scavenging of different types of aerosol in stratus clouds.

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Lipinska, Wiktoria, Katarzyna Grochowska, Jakub Karczewski, and Katarzyna Siuzdak. "AuCu Nanostructures Active in the Visible Light – Optical and Photoelectrochemical Properties." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 55 (July 7, 2022): 2329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01552329mtgabs.

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Nowadays, due to global warming and increasing environmental pollution, intensified research on materials for energy harvesting from renewable sources is being carried on. Solar energy is one of the most abundant energy resources that can be converted into electric energy. Here, we demonstate that AuCu bimetallic nanostructures placed on structured titanium foil can be applied in solar driven processes [1, 2]. The electrode material is fabricated via Ti foil anodization process, chemical etching, thin AuCu layer (10 nm) magnetron sputtering and rapid thermal treatment at 600°C in varius atmospheres (air, vacuum, argon, hydrogen). AuCu nanoparticles are obtained only for annealing in air, while in argon and hydrogen porous structures and nanoplates are formed, respectively. UV-vis spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies of marterials indicate that the shape of the reflectance spectra differ significantly due to the changes in material morphology as well as its structure. The reflectance band minima are located at 380 nm and 750 nm for electrode material annealed in air and hydrogen, respectivetly. Moreover, sample thermally treated in air exhibits wide absorbance band from 300 to 1000 nm, whereas the one annealed in hydrogen from 500 to 1000 nm. Linear voltammetry measurements in dark and under light illumination were carried out in 0.1M NaOH solution in order to evaluate the photoactivity. The highest photocurrent in visible light is obtained for AuCu electrode annealed in hydrogen (5 times higher than in air), however, under Uv-vis light for electrode processed in air. All in all, thermal treatment in various atmospheres has a great impact on morphology, optical and photoelectrochemical activity of AuCu structures placed on Ti support material. We believe that presented results provide new opportunities in designing advanced photoactive materials. Research is financed by National Science Centre (Poland): Grant no. 2019/35/N/ST5/02604. [1] W. Lipińska, K. Grochowska, J. Ryl, J. Karczewski, K. Siuzdak, Influence of Annealing Atmosphere on Photoelectrochemical Activity of TiO2 Nanotubes Modified with AuCu Nanoparticles, ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 13 (2021) 52967–52977, DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16271 [2] W. Lipińska, K. Grochowska, J. Karczewski, J. Ryl, A. Cenian, K. Siuzdak, Thermally tuneable optical and electrochemical properties of Au-Cu nanomosaic formed over the host titanium dimples, Chemical Engineering Journal, 399 (2020) 125673–125685, DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.125673 Figure 1

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Guo, Xin, Jialin Zhu, Xiaoping Zou, Junming Li, Jin Cheng, Chunqian Zhang, Yifei Wang, et al. "Piezoelectric Properties of 0-3 Composite Films Based on Novel Molecular Piezoelectric Material (ATHP)2PbBr4." Materials 15, no. 18 (September 14, 2022): 6378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186378.

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Since their discovery, ferroelectric materials have shown excellent dielectric responses, pyroelectricity, piezoelectricity, electro-optical effects, nonlinear optical effects, etc. They are a class of functional materials with broad application prospects. Traditional pure inorganic piezoelectric materials have better piezoelectricity but higher rigidity; pure organic piezoelectric materials have better flexibility but havetoo small a piezoelectric coefficient. The material composite, on the other hand, can combine the advantages of both, so that it has both flexibility and a high piezoelectric coefficient. In this paper, a new molecular piezoelectric material (C5H11NO)2PbBr4 with a high Curie temperature Tc and a large piezoelectric voltage constant g33, referred to as (ATHP)2PbBr4, was used to prepare a 0-3 type piezoelectric composite film by compounding with an organic polymer material polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and its ferroelectricity was investigated. The results show that the 0-3 type (ATHP)2PbBr4 piezoelectric composite film has good ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity, and the calculated piezoelectric voltage constant g33 after polarization is about 358.6 × 10−3 Vm/N, which is higher than that of PVDF material, and is important for the fabrication of high-performance piezoelectric sensors.

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YANG, KI-SUNG, HO-SIK LEE, SEUNG-UN KIM, YOON-KI JANG, DOO-SEOK KIM, HOON-KYU SHIN, YOUNG-SOO KWON, and CHUNGKYUN KIM. "ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF OLED USING NEW EMISSIVE MATERIAL Al2Nq4." International Journal of Nanoscience 05, no. 06 (December 2006): 859–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x06005273.

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Since the first report of the light-emitting diodes based on Alq 3, many organic materials have been synthesized and extended efforts have been made to obtain high performance electroluminescent (EL) device. We synthesized new emissive material, 1, 4-dihydoxy-5, 8-naphtaquinone· Alq 3 complex( Al 2 Nq 4), and extended efforts have been made to obtain high-performance electroluminescent (EL) devices. Current–voltage (I–V) and luminance–voltage (L–V) characteristics were measured by Flat Panel Display Analysis System (Model 200-AT) at room temperature. The Al 2 Nq 4 shows green photoluminescence and electroluminescence spectra at about 510 nm, and ITO/Al 2 Nq 4/Cathode device shows typical rectifying characteristics.

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Ye, Xiaoling, Yining Du, Mingyang Wang, Benqing Liu, Jiangwei Liu, Syed Hassan Mujtaba Jafri, Wencheng Liu, Raffaello Papadakis, Xiaoxiao Zheng, and Hu Li. "Advances in the Field of Two-Dimensional Crystal-Based Photodetectors." Nanomaterials 13, no. 8 (April 15, 2023): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13081379.

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Two-dimensional (2D) materials have sparked intense interest among the scientific community owing to their extraordinary mechanical, optical, electronic, and thermal properties. In particular, the outstanding electronic and optical properties of 2D materials make them show great application potential in high-performance photodetectors (PDs), which can be applied in many fields such as high-frequency communication, novel biomedical imaging, national security, and so on. Here, the recent research progress of PDs based on 2D materials including graphene, transition metal carbides, transition-metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, and hexagonal boron nitride is comprehensively and systematically reviewed. First, the primary detection mechanism of 2D material-based PDs is introduced. Second, the structure and optical properties of 2D materials, as well as their applications in PDs, are heavily discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of 2D material-based PDs are summarized and prospected. This review will provide a reference for the further application of 2D crystal-based PDs.

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De Marchi, Sarah, Sara Núñez-Sánchez, Gustavo Bodelón, Jorge Pérez-Juste, and Isabel Pastoriza-Santos. "Pd nanoparticles as a plasmonic material: synthesis, optical properties and applications." Nanoscale 12, no. 46 (2020): 23424–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr06270g.

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Daszkiewicz, Marek, and Lubomir D. Gulay. "Accidental formation of Gd4(SiO4)2OTe: crystal structure and spectroscopic properties." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 71, no. 7 (June 20, 2015): 598–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229615011651.

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Designing new functional materials with increasingly complex compositions is of current interest in science and technology. Complex rare-earth-based chalcogenides have specific thermal, electrical, magnetic and optical properties. Tetragadolinium bis[tetraoxidosilicate(IV)] oxide telluride, Gd4(SiO4)2OTe, was obtained accidentally while studying the Gd2Te3–Cu2Te system. The crystal structure was determined by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the space groupPnma. Three symmetry-independent gadolinium sites were determined. The excitation and emission spectra were collected at room temperature and at 10 K. Gd4(SiO4)2OTe appears to be a promising optical material when doped with rare-earth ions.

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Knight, J. C., T. A. Birks, B. J. Mangan, and P. St J. Russell. "Microstructured Silica as an Optical-Fiber Material." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 8 (August 2001): 614–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.154.

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Conventional optical fibers are fabricated by creating a preform from two different glasses and drawing the preform down at an elevated temperature to form a fiber. A waveguide core is created in the preform by embedding a glass with a higher refractive index within a lower-index “cladding” material. Over the last few years, researchers at several laboratories have demonstrated very different forms of optical-fiber waveguides by using a drawing process to produce two-dimensionally microstructured materials in the form of fine “photoniccrystal fibers” (PCFs). One such waveguide is represented schematically in Figure 1. It consists of a silica fiber with a regular pattern of tiny airholes that run down the entire length. The optical properties of the microstructured silica cladding material enable the formation of guided waves in the pure silica core.

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Bandhu, Din, B. Pravallika, Abhishek Kaushik, Surovi Paul, Hanaa Addai Ali, and Vishal Sharma. "Revolutionizing Material Science: Exploring the Novel Applications of Thermally-Enhanced Processes in Next-Generation Materials." E3S Web of Conferences 430 (2023): 01140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343001140.

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With the emergence of novel thermally accelerated methods, the area of material science has undergone a paradigm shift, opening up previously unimaginable possibilities for the creation of next-generation materials with improved properties and functionalities. In order to shape the materials of the future, this paper explores the ground-breaking uses of thermally accelerated techniques such quick thermal annealing, spark plasma sintering, and laser-assisted deposition. Due to sluggish diffusion rates and incomplete reactions, traditional materials synthesis and processing processes frequently have trouble producing materials with the appropriate characteristics. This allows for accurate atomic-level manipulation of material microstructures. The engineering of materials with specific mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties is made possible by the fine-tuning of microstructures. The importance of thermally accelerated processes in a variety of material classes, including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites, is highlighted in this research. The use of thermally enhanced processes shows potential in promoting sustainable practises, as materials play a crucial part in addressing global concerns. These procedures help to reduce waste and conserve resources by enabling the effective recycling and upcycling of materials through controlled thermal treatments. The report also highlights the potential effects of thermally enhanced techniques on future industries such as flexible electronics, renewable energy systems, and medicinal devices, where specialised materials with outstanding performance are crucial.

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Fachrizal, Ahmad, Tiara Verita Yastica, and Djoko Sihono Gabriel. "Effect of Repetitive Recycling on the Optical Properties of Polypropylene Based on Material Value Conservation Paradigm." Materials Science Forum 1032 (May 2021): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1032.23.

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Good quality of plastic packaging waste has the potential to be recycled, as it can be used as raw material for the next packaging products. Recycling is preeminent due to the grave necessity of decreasing plastic production rate, especially for packaging industries which are known to use more plastic compared to other sectors. Material value conservation is a new paradigm which can be implemented through a new category of design for recycling in order to avoid value degradation. Implementations of this paradigm has produced better quality processed plastic waste with higher selling price. Applied with this paradigm, recycled plastic pellets can be a viable alternative as raw material based on its mechanical properties, even after the 8th stage of recycling. This study aims to reveal the effect of repetitive recycling on the optical properties of polypropylene with implementation of material value conservation paradigm, to strengthen previous evidence of the implementation of the material value conservation paradigm on plastic packaging whether repetitive recycling plastic packaging can be a viable alternative as raw material based on its optical properties. Optical properties observed in this research were based on the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards, which are consisted of colour (ASTM D2244), gloss (ASTM D2457) and transparency (ASTM D1746). The result of this study indicated that even after the 8th stage of recycling, plastic pellet of polypropylene still can be a viable alternative as raw material based on its optical properties, with more attention on transparency property.

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Rahman, Ubaid Ur, Muhammad Humayun, Usman Ghani, Muhammad Usman, Habib Ullah, Adil Khan, Nashwa M. El-Metwaly, and Abbas Khan. "MXenes as Emerging Materials: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications." Molecules 27, no. 15 (August 1, 2022): 4909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154909.

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Due to their unique layered microstructure, the presence of various functional groups at the surface, earth abundance, and attractive electrical, optical, and thermal properties, MXenes are considered promising candidates for the solution of energy- and environmental-related problems. It is seen that the energy conversion and storage capacity of MXenes can be enhanced by changing the material dimensions, chemical composition, structure, and surface chemistry. Hence, it is also essential to understand how one can easily improve the structure–property relationship from an applied point of view. In the current review, we reviewed the fabrication, properties, and potential applications of MXenes. In addition, various properties of MXenes such as structural, optical, electrical, thermal, chemical, and mechanical have been discussed. Furthermore, the potential applications of MXenes in the areas of photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, nitrogen fixation, gas sensing, cancer therapy, and supercapacitors have also been outlooked. Based on the reported works, it could easily be observed that the properties and applications of MXenes can be further enhanced by applying various modification and functionalization approaches. This review also emphasizes the recent developments and future perspectives of MXenes-based composite materials, which will greatly help scientists working in the fields of academia and material science.

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Ayoub, Irfan, Vijay Kumar, Reza Abolhassani, Rishabh Sehgal, Vishal Sharma, Rakesh Sehgal, Hendrik C. Swart, and Yogendra Kumar Mishra. "Advances in ZnO: Manipulation of defects for enhancing their technological potentials." Nanotechnology Reviews 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 575–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0035.

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Abstract This review attempts to compile the physics and chemistry of defects in zinc oxide (ZnO), at both, the fundamental and application levels. The defects, either inherent ones or introduced externally, have broadened the ZnO material field in various directions. The ZnO material exhibits many defect-attributed properties leading to broad technological applications: electronic and optoelectronic devices, sensors, optical components, ceramic industry, biomedical, catalysis, lightening, etc. Considering the huge defect-dependent technological scopes, the ZnO material is constantly engineered for various defects, and corresponding functionalities are tailored with respect to particular applications. The functional properties of ZnO are strongly influenced by the defects, and as a result, the defect engineering of the ZnO materials has remained an important motivation in materials science and engineering in terms of localized defects, extended defects, impurities, and surface defects, etc. A detailed characterization of these defects seems to be an essential part of any research area. The correlations of the microstructural characteristics with electrical and optical properties of ZnO are then a natural step for further facilitating an efficient way toward advanced ZnO-based materials and devices. The present review is an effort to shed light on the defects of ZnO, properties, theoretical aspects, and corresponding applications.

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Liu, Yang, Canxiang Fang, Shihe Lin, Gaihui Liu, Bohang Zhang, Huihui Shi, Nan Dong, et al. "Calculation of Mechanical Properties, Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of CsPbX3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I)." Molecules 28, no. 22 (November 17, 2023): 7643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227643.

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We utilized a first-principle density functional theory for a comprehensive analysis of CsPbX3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) to explore its physical and chemical properties, including its mechanical behavior, electronic structure and optical properties. Calculations show that all four materials have good stability, modulus of elasticity, hardness and wear resistance. Additionally, CsPbX3 demonstrates a vertical electron leap and serves as a semiconductor material with direct band gaps of 3.600 eV, 3.111 eV, 2.538 eV and 2.085 eV. In examining its optical properties, we observed that the real and imaginary components of the dielectric function exhibit peaks within the low-energy range. Furthermore, the dielectric function gradually decreases as the photon energy increases. The absorption spectrum reveals that the CsPbX3 material exhibits the highest UV light absorption, and as X changes (with the increase in atomic radius within the halogen group of elements), the light absorption undergoes a red shift, becoming stronger and enhancing light utilization. These properties underscore the material’s potential for application in microelectronic and optoelectronic device production. Moreover, they provide a theoretical reference for future investigations into CsPbX3 materials.

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Righini, Giancarlo C., Cristina Armellini, Maurizio Ferrari, Alice Carlotto, Alessandro Carpentiero, Andrea Chiappini, Alessandro Chiasera, Anna Lukowiak, Thi Ngoc Lam Tran, and Stefano Varas. "Sol–Gel Photonic Glasses: From Material to Application." Materials 16, no. 7 (March 29, 2023): 2724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072724.

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In this review, we present a short overview of the development of sol–gel glasses for application in the field of photonics, with a focus on some of the most interesting results obtained by our group and collaborators in that area. Our main attention is devoted to silicate glasses of different compositions, which are characterized by specific optical and spectroscopic properties for various applications, ranging from luminescent systems to light-confining structures and memristors. In particular, the roles of rare-earth doping, matrix composition, the densification process and the fabrication protocol on the structural, optical and spectroscopic properties of the developed photonic systems are discussed through appropriate examples. Some achievements in the fabrication of oxide sol–gel optical waveguides and of micro- and nanostructures for the confinement of light are also briefly discussed.

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Mohd Fudzi, Faznny, Halimah Mohamed Kamari, Amirah Abd Latif, and Azlan Muhammad Noorazlan. "Linear Optical Properties of Zinc Borotellurite Glass Doped with Lanthanum Oxide Nanoparticles for Optoelectronic and Photonic Application." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4150802.

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Enhancing the optical properties of glasses for the sake of optical application in various fields is an ongoing challenge in materials science and technology. Thus, the optical properties of zinc borotellurite glass doped with lanthanum oxide nanoparticles (La2O3 NPs) with the chemical composition of {[(TeO2)0.7(B2O3)0.3]0.7(ZnO)0.3}1−x (La2O3 NPs)x, where x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05 molar fraction, have been investigated. Characterization techniques such as x-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy are employed to yield the structural properties and optical parameter of the glass. The amorphous nature of the fabricated glasses is confirmed with the presence of a broad hump via XRD diffraction pattern. The decreasing amount of high polarizable nonbridging oxygen as the concentration of La2O3 NPs increases has contributed to the increasing trend of energy band gap in the range of 2.70 to 3.52 eV and decreasing value of refractive index between 2.34 and 2.48. The fabricated glasses that have a higher refractive index than the widely used fiber material, pure silica glass, indicate that zinc borotellurite glass doped with lanthanum nanoparticles is a promising material to be applied as optical fibers.

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Talib, Rawnaq A., Dalal K. Thbayh, and Kahtan A. Mohammed. "Study the Optical and Morphological Properties of Prepared PANI/TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposites." Materials Science Forum 1065 (June 30, 2022): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-s6y8z3.

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Inorganic-organic hybrid materials are of the materials of interest to researchers for the purpose of developing them in this work. A hybrid material consisting of conductive polymer polyaniline (PANI) doped with dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) C18H30O3S with titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs ) was prepared by the direct chemical polymerization method, and then the optical and surface properties of the prepared materials were studied by UV-VIS spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy SEM , and Energy Dispersive X-Ray EDX. The EDX results confirm the presence of TiO2 in the composite material .The results clearly demonstrate that the composite films have good optical properties. As the content of TiO2 was increased in the polymer matrix, the shift of the optical absorption was observed.

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Cai, Yongqing, Gang Zhang, and Yong-Wei Zhang. "Staggering transport of edge states and symmetry analysis of electronic and optical properties of stanene." Nanoscale 12, no. 40 (2020): 20890–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr05133k.

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Chernov, Mykyta M., Austin R. Duke, Jonathan M. Cayce, Spencer W. Crowder, Hak-Joon Sung, and E. Duco Jansen. "Material considerations for optical interfacing to the nervous system." MRS Bulletin 37, no. 6 (June 2012): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2012.121.

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Optical neural interfaces offer several advantages over electrophysiological methods in both clinical and experimental applications. Optical stimulation techniques exhibit high spatial selectivity, do not create electrical artifacts, and allow for stimulation of specific neuronal populations. Calcium- and voltage-sensitive dyes can probe neuronal and astrocytic signaling at both single cell and network scales, and miniature optical sensors can measure a variety of physiological signals in situ. However, optical neural interfaces must be robust, safe, and effective over long periods of time in order to be acceptable for use in human patients. In this article, we draw the attention of the materials science community to the need for a new generation of materials that have the necessary optical performance and, at the same time, conform to the constraints placed on implanted devices in terms of size, relevant mechanical properties, and biocompatibility, providing some examples of recent advancements in the field.

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Newbury, Dale E. "Castaing's Electron Microprobe and its Impact On Materials Science." Microscopy Today 8, no. 2 (March 2000): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500057503.

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A central theme of modern materials science has been the exploration of the relationship between the microstructure of a material and its macroscopic properties. Beginning in the late 19th century, the developing field of metallography permitted scientists to view the microstructure of metal alloys. Mechanical polishing followed by selective chemical etching produced differential relief on chemically distinct phases or at grain boundaries. With such specimens, reflection optical microscopy revealed structures with micrometer and even finer dimensions. The microstructural world that was found proved to be highly complex, and most alloys were observed to be chemically differentiated into two or more distinct phases.

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Schmiedova, Veronika, Jan Pospisil, Alexander Kovalenko, Petr Ashcheulov, Ladislav Fekete, Tomas Cubon, Peter Kotrusz, Oldrich Zmeskal, and Martin Weiter. "Physical Properties Investigation of Reduced Graphene Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Material Inkjet Printing." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3501903.

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The article is focused on the study of the optical properties of inkjet-printed graphene oxide (GO) layers by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Due to its unique optical and electrical properties, GO can be used as, for example, a transparent and flexible electrode material in organic and printed electronics. Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to characterize the optical response of the GO layer and its reduced form (rGO, obtainable, for example, by reduction of prepared layers by either annealing, UV radiation, or chemical reduction) in the visible range. The thicknesses of the layers were determined by a mechanical profilometer and used as an input parameter for optical modeling. Ellipsometric spectra were analyzed according to the dispersion model and the influence of the reduction of GO on optical constants is discussed. Thus, detailed analysis of the ellipsometric data provides a unique tool for qualitative and also quantitative description of the optical properties of GO thin films for electronic applications.

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Sase, Terver John, Karniliyus Emmanuel Daring, and Yilni Edward Bioltif. "Synthesis and Medical Application of 3D Graphene Materials." Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science 2, no. 5 (February 25, 2023): 2521–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v2i5.446.

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3D graphene materials are carbon nanomaterials that are gaining significant attention recently due to their unique properties. They are incredibly strong, have unique electrical, thermal optical and chemical properties that make them stand out and are the preferred materials of choice in the material sciences. These unique materials have gained significant attention since 2004 and have now been used for various applications including medical uses. In this review, we explored some recent advances in the research of these unique materials, their synthesis methods and their several medical applications. Several synthesis techniques are being developed to be able to improve the synthesis of this material within a short or less time maintaining the structure and its unique properties. These unique properties that this special material possesses have been harnessed and utilized for application in so many areas such as agriculture, energy, water purification including biomedical applications as discussed.

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Zhang, Xi Feng, Hong Xia Dong, and Yuan Yuan Chou. "Porous Silicon as Functionalized Material for Biomedical Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 618 (August 2014): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.618.431.

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As a novel functional nanomaterial, porous silicon has many unique properties, such as its unique optical characteristics, biocompatibility, abundance, mechanical, electronic properties, silicon microelectronic compatibility, filtration, nanometer micropore controllable growth and large specific surface area, which enhance its prospect in the biological analysis, immune virus detection, environmental, food industry and so on, and has attracted world interests in the fields of materials science, biology, medicine, and electronics. In this work the application of porous silicon in the fields of biological and biomedical has been introduced with depth and width of researching on its.

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Gao, Weilu, and Junichiro Kono. "Science and applications of wafer-scale crystalline carbon nanotube films prepared through controlled vacuum filtration." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 3 (March 2019): 181605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181605.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make an ideal one-dimensional (1D) material platform for the exploration of novel physical phenomena under extremely strong quantum confinement. The 1D character of electrons, phonons and excitons in individual CNTs features extraordinary electronic, thermal and optical properties. Since their discovery in 1991, they have been continuing to attract interest in various disciplines, including chemistry, materials science, physics and engineering. However, the macroscopic manifestation of 1D properties is still limited, despite significant efforts for decades. Recently, a controlled vacuum filtration method has been developed for the preparation of wafer-scale films of crystalline chirality-enriched CNTs, and such films have enabled exciting new fundamental studies and applications. In this review, we will first discuss the controlled vacuum filtration technique, and then summarize recent discoveries in optical spectroscopy studies and optoelectronic device applications using films prepared by this technique.

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Shei, Shih-Chang. "Optical and Structural Properties of Titanium Dioxide Films from and Starting Materials Annealed at Various Temperatures." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/545076.

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We investigated the optical and structural properties of titanium dioxide films deposited from and starting materials by electron beam evaporation at annealing temperatures from to . We find that the refractive index of as-deposited films from starting material is higher than that of as-deposited films from starting material. In addition, during thermal annealing, the refractive index fluctuates slightly as compared with films from starting material. This should be attributed to the fact that the deposited molecules had a higher packing density, such that the film was denser. The transmittance spectra of films from starting material indicate that transmittance edge slightly shifts to longer wavelength with the annealing temperature increasing when compared with starting material, in which the transmittance spectra indicate that the transmittance edge strongly shifts to longer wavelength with the same annealing temperature increasing. These findings should be attributed to the absence of oxygen and scattering of rough surface.

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Gabriel, Djoko Sihono, and Roben Hotdysah Putra Saragih. "Impact of Repetitive Recycling on Optical Properties of Virgin and Recycled Polypropylene Blends Based on Material Value Conservation Paradigm." Materials Science Forum 1020 (February 2021): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1020.192.

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Implementation of material value conservation (MVC) needs to be proven through research to determine impact upon plastic properties such as optical properties of virgin plastic and recycled plastic blends. Optical properties such as colour, transparency and gloss are important parameters for appropriate quality of plastic packaging. Degradation of optical properties occurs during recycling processes of plastic materials and the declining properties of recycled products could be improved by blending them with virgin materials. This research aims to reveal the impact of repetitive recycling on optical properties of virgin and recycled polypropylene (PP) blends based on MVC paradigm. The first step of this research was to determine composition of virgin PP and recycled PP blends. Proportion of 70% virgin PP and 30% recycled PP was selected as a blend composition. The next step of this research was repetitive recycling of virgin PP and recycled PP blends with implementation of MVC up to the 8th recycling stage. The specimens of plastic blends were made from the 1st, 2nd, 4th and the 8th recycling stage and then their optical properties were tested with the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) methods. Generally, degradation level of optical properties will increase during the recycling processes. Testing results show a slightly change of colour properties. Degradation level of gloss properties is gradually increased by a maximum degradation level at the 8th recycling stage as 17.46%. However, transparency had a maximum degradation level at the 4th recycling stage as 20.93%. It means that the plastic blends can be used as viable raw materials based on their optical properties with more attention to the gloss. Furthermore, the implementation of MVC will provide more benefits through extending the life cycle of recycled products, reducing virgin plastic consumption, optimizing the use of plastic waste and reducing plastic waste generation.

Journal articles on the topic 'Material science- optical properties'

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