Academic literature on the topic 'Material extrusion (ME)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Material extrusion (ME)"
1
Hsiang Loh, Giselle, Eujin Pei, Joamin Gonzalez-Gutierrez, and Mario Monzón. "An Overview of Material Extrusion Troubleshooting." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (July 11, 2020): 4776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144776.
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Material extrusion (ME) systems offer end-users with a more affordable and accessible additive manufacturing (AM) technology compared to other processes in the market. ME is often used to quickly produce low-cost prototyping with the freedom of scalability where parts can be produced in different geometries, quantities and sizes. As the use of desktop ME machines has gained widespread adoption, this review paper discusses the key design strategies and considerations to produce high quality ME parts, as well as providing actional advice to aid end-users in quickly identifying and efficiently troubleshooting issues since current information is often fragmented and incomplete. The systemic issues and solutions concerning desktop ME processes discussed are not machine-specific, covering categories according to printer-associated, deposition-associated and print quality problems. The findings show that the majority of issues are associated with incorrect printer calibration and parameters, hardware, material, Computer Aided Design (CAD) model and/or slicing settings. A chart for an overview of ME troubleshooting is presented allowing designers and engineers to straightforwardly determine the possible contributing factors to a particular problem.
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Jiang, Shijie, Ke Hu, Yang Zhan, Chunyu Zhao, and Xiaopeng Li. "Theoretical and Experimental Investigation on the 3D Surface Roughness of Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing Products." Polymers 14, no. 2 (January 11, 2022): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14020293.
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Material extrusion (ME), one of the most widely used additive manufacturing technique, has the advantages of freedom of design, wide range of raw materials, strong ability to manufacture complex products, etc. However, ME products have obvious surface defects due to the layer-by-layer manufacturing characteristics. To reveal the generation mechanism, the three-dimensional surface roughness (3DSR) of ME products was investigated theoretically and experimentally. Based on the forming process of bonding neck, the 3DSR theoretical model in two different directions (vertical and parallel to the fiber direction) was established respectively. The preparation of ME samples was then completed and a series of experimental tests were performed to determine their surface roughness with the laser microscope. Through the comparison between theoretical and experimental results, the proposed model was validated. In addition, sensitivity analysis is implemented onto the proposed model, investigating how layer thickness, extrusion temperature, and extrusion width influence the samples’ surface roughness. This study provides theoretical basis and technical insight into improving the surface quality of ME products.
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Chua, Bih-Lii, Sun-Ho Baek, Keun Park, and Dong-Gyu Ahn. "Numerical Investigation of Deposition Characteristics of PLA on an ABS Plate Using a Material Extrusion Process." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 19, 2021): 3404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123404.
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Three-dimensional prototypes and final products are commonly fabricated using the material extrusion (ME) process in additive manufacturing applications. However, these prototypes and products are limited to a single material using the ME process due to technical challenges. Deposition of plastic on another dissimilar plastic substrate requires proper control of printing temperature during an ME process due to differences in melting temperatures of dissimilar plastics. In this paper, deposition of PLA filament on an ABS substrate during an ME process is investigated using finite element analysis. A heat transfer finite element (FE) model for the extrusion process is proposed to estimate the parameters of the ME machine for the formulation of a heat flux model. The effects of printing temperature and the stand-off distance on temperature distributions are investigated using the proposed FE model for the extrusion process. The heat flux model is implemented in a proposed heat transfer FE model of single bead deposition of PLA on an ABS plate. From this FE model of deposition, temperature histories during the ME deposition process are estimated. The results of temperature histories are compared with experiments. Using the calibrated FE model, a proper heating temperature of ABS for deposition of PLA is evaluated.
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Carminati, Mattia, Mariangela Quarto, Gianluca D’Urso, Claudio Giardini, and Giancarlo Maccarini. "Mechanical Characterization of AISI 316L Samples Printed Using Material Extrusion." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031433.
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The main additive manufacturing (AM) methods to produce metal components are laser powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition, which are energy-intensive, time-consuming, and require high investment costs. An economical alternative is based on a new feedstock comprising a homogenous mixture of sinterable metal powders and a multi-component binder system. This feedstock enables the creation of metal components printed using the material extrusion (ME) technique. In this study, mechanical characterization of AISI 316L samples is conducted to identify the mechanical properties of parts printed using the metal ME process. The test results indicate an average maximum tensile stress of 426.6 ± 23.7 MPa and an elongation at break of 36%. Both the tensile and compressive yield stresses are approximately 150 MPa, demonstrating a symmetric response to the two opposite types of uniaxial loads. Rockwell B and Vickers hardness tests confirm the uniform behavior of the tested material. An X-ray diffraction analysis is conducted to assess the crystallographic structure of the ME 316L samples compared to that of the monolithic material. According to our study results, metal ME seems to be a promising technology to produce non-critical metallic parts that require good mechanical properties, good corrosion resistance, and complex shapes such as chemical tanks, heat exchangers, and medical instruments.
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Jiang, Shijie, Yinfang Shi, Yannick Siyajeu, Ming Zhan, Chunyu Zhao, and Changyou Li. "Effect of Processing Parameters on the Dynamic Characteristic of Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing Plates." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24 (December 6, 2019): 5345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245345.
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Material extrusion (ME), an additive manufacturing technique, can fabricate parts almost without geometrical limitations. With the growing application of ME parts, especially in actual working conditions, the dynamic characteristics are needed to be studied to accurately determine their reliability. This study provides an experimental validation of the theoretical model for predicting the dynamic characteristics of ME plates fabricated with three different key processing parameters, i.e., extrusion width, layer height and build direction. The model is set up based on the bidirectional beam function combination method, and a series of experimental tests are performed. It is found that different processing parameters result in the material properties of the samples to vary, thus leading to different dynamic characteristics. Through the comparison between predictions and measurements, it is shown that the influencing trend of the processing parameters is predicted precisely. The theoretical model gives reliable predictions in dynamic characteristics of ME plates. The natural frequency discrepancy is below 13.4%, and the predicted mode shapes are the same as the measured ones. This present work provides theoretical basis and technical support for further research in improving the dynamic performance of ME products, and helps extend the applications of this technique.
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Revilla-Leon, Marta, Marina Olea-Vielba, Ana Esteso-Díaz, Iñaki Martinez-Klemm, Jose Manuel Reuss Rodriguez-Vilaboa, and Mutlu Özcan. "New fabrication method using additive manufacturing technologies for the pattern of pressed lithium disilicate onlay restorations." Brazilian Dental Science 20, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2017.v20i4.1364.
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<p>There are 7 categories for the additive manufacturing (AM) technologies and a wide variety of materials that can be used to build a computer aided designed (CAD) 3-Dimensional (3D) object. The present article reviews the main AM processes for polymers for dental applications: stereolithography (SLA), direct light processing (DLP), material jetting (MJ) and material extrusion (ME). The manufacturing process, accuracy and precision of these methods will be reviewed, as well as, their prosthodontic applications.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>3D printing; Additive manufacturing technologies; Direct light processing; Fused deposition modelling; Material extrusion; Material jetting; Multijet printing; Prosthodontics; Stereolitography.</p>
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Kim, Hyungjung, Hyunsu Lee, Ji-Soo Kim, and Sung-Hoon Ahn. "Image-based failure detection for material extrusion process using a convolutional neural network." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 111, no. 5-6 (October 9, 2020): 1291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-06201-0.
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Abstract The material extrusion (ME) process is one of the most widely used 3D printing processes, especially considering its use of inexpensive materials. However, the error known as the “spaghetti-shape error,” related to filament tangling, is a common problem associated with the ME process. Once occurring, this issue, which consumes both time and materials, requires a restart of the entire process. In order to prevent this, the user must constantly monitor the process. In this research, a failure detection method which uses a webcam and deep learning is developed for the ME process. The webcam captures images and then analyzes them by machine learning based on a convolutional neural network (CNN), showing outstanding performance in both image classification and the recognition of objects. Sample images were trained based on a modified Visual Geometry Group Network (VGGNet) model and the trained model was evaluated, resulting in 97% accuracy. The pre-trained model was tested on a 3D printer monitoring system for its ability to recognize the “spaghetti-shape-error” and was able to detect 96% of abnormal deposition processes. The proposed method can analyze the ME process in real time and informs the user or halts the process when abnormal printing is detected.
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Watschke, Hagen, Lennart Waalkes, Christian Schumacher, and Thomas Vietor. "Development of Novel Test Specimens for Characterization of Multi-Material Parts Manufactured by Material Extrusion." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (July 25, 2018): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081220.
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Multi-material additive manufacturing (AM) offers new design opportunities for functional integration and opens new possibilities in innovative part design, for example, regarding the integration of damping or conductive structures. However, there are no standardized test methods, and thus test specimens that provide information about the bonding quality of two materials printed together. As a result, a consideration of these new design potentials in conceptual design is hardly possible. As material extrusion (ME) allows easily combination of multiple polymeric materials in one part, it is chosen as an AM technique for this contribution. Based on a literature review of commonly used standards for polymer testing, novel test specimens are developed for the characterization of the bonding quality of two ME standard materials printed together. The proposed specimen geometries are manufactured without a variation of process parameters. The load types investigated in the course of this study were selected as examples and are tensile, lap-shear, and compression-shear. The conducted tests show that the proposed test specimens enable a quantification of the bonding quality in the material transition. Moreover, by analyzing the fracture pattern of the interface zone, influencing factors that probably affect the interface strength are identified, which can be further used for its optimization.
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Galantucci, Luigi Maria, Alessandro Pellegrini, Maria Grazia Guerra, and Fulvio Lavecchia. "3D Printing of parts using metal extrusion: an overview of shaping debinding and sintering technology." Advanced Technologies & Materials 47, no. 1 (June 15, 2022): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/atm-2022-1-005.
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Additive Manufacturing (AM) is the fabrication of real three-dimensional objects from plastics and metals by adding material, layer by layer. One of the most common AM processes is the Material Extrusion (ME) based on different approaches: plunger, filament and screw. Material Extrusion technologies of metal-polymer composites is expanding and it mainly uses the filament or plunger-based approaches. The feedstock used is a mixture of metal powder (from 55 vol% to about 80 vol%) dispersed in a thermoplastic matrix, as the Metal Injection Molding (MIM) materials. The process consists of three steps: shaping, debinding and sintering. The first step provides the extrusion of filament to realize a primary piece called “green part”; subsequent steps, debinding and sintering, allow to obtain a full metal part by dissolving the polymeric binder. The latter can be carried out using solvents, heat and the combination of them. The interest toward this technology is driven by the possibility to replace other Metal AM technologies, such as Selective Laser Melting or Direct Energy Deposition, in sectors like rapid-tooling or mass production, with several benefits: simplicity, safety to use and saving material and energy. The aim of this keynote is to provide a general overview of the main metal ME technologies considering the more technical aspects such as process methodologies, 3D printing strategy, process parameters, materials and possible applications for the manufacturing of samples on a 3D consumer printer.
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Tateno, Toshitake, Akira Kakuta, Hayate Ogo, and Takaya Kimoto. "Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Extrusion of Metal Powder Suspension for Additive Manufacturing." International Journal of Automation Technology 12, no. 5 (September 5, 2018): 775–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2018.p0775.
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Additive manufacturing (AM) using metal materials can be used to manufacture metal parts with complex shapes that are difficult to manufacture with subtractive processing. Recently, numerous commercial AM machines for metallic materials have been developed. The primary types of AM using metallic materials are powder bed fusion or direct energy deposition. Other types using metallic materials have not been adequately studied. In this study, the use of the material extrusion (ME) type of AM is investigated. The aim is to use metallic materials not only for fabricating metal parts but also for adding various properties to base materials, e.g., electric conductivity, thermal conductivity, weight, strength, and color of plastics. ME is appropriate for use with various materials by mixing different types of filler. However, there is a problem in that the high density of metal fillers generates unstable extrusion. Therefore, ultrasonic vibration was used for assisting extrusion. A prototype system was developed using an extrusion nozzle vibrated by an ultrasonic homogenizer. The experimental results showed that the ultrasonic vibration allows materials to be extruded smoothly. Three dimensional (3D) shapes could be built by multi-layer deposition with a thixotropic polymer containing a highly concentrated steel powder. As one application, a 3D-shaped object was fabricated as a sintered object. After the vibration effect in the extrusion process of steel powder and clay was confirmed, a 3D object built by the proposed method was sintered through a baking process.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Material extrusion (ME)"
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Huang, Yi-Ting, and 黃怡婷. "Analysis of Material Properties of Copper-Based Alloy by 3D Printing and Modelling of Melt-Extrusion (ME)." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mz9xja.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
材料科學與工程學研究所
106
This study adapts a melt extrusion module [1, 2], which was designed and developed by our group, selects Cu-base alloys capable of melting at <1300 oC, and has conducted 3D printing to make smart mold in previous study. Therefore, this research objectives are to investigate the hardness, wear resistance and compositional uniformity of Cu-based alloys, and the forces required for the melt extrusion. The results show that the hardness (269 HV) of annealed Cu-9Ni-6Sn is obviously superior to Cu-6Ni-2Al (237 HV) and the surface hardness (207 HV) of Ni-coated key. In contact wear, the higher the hardness of the alloys, the lower the wear rate. The relationship between hardness and wear rate is inversely linear behavior. A quantification analysis of the chemical composition of the wires used for 3D printing used Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) for the analysis. The standard deviation for the Ni in Cu-11Ni test is less than 0.2 %. Finally, the melting extrusion simulation of high temperature melt Cu alloy is conducted with 0.4 ~ 0.2 mm nozzle size. The required 4 forces against the frictions coming from the tube wall and the nozzle were considered. The simulation results resolve the flowing behavior of high viscous glass and melt Cu-alloy in Al2O3 nozzle through smaller nozzles.
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Chou, Chih-Shiun, and 周志勳. "Application of Cu-Based Material on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and Development of Melt-Extrusion (ME) Module." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26619039355834384597.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
材料科學與工程學研究所
103
This study used Cu-based materials as an anode of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and conducted the following R&D works. Properties of Cu and Cu-Zn alloy were investigated, including electrical conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), hardness and oxidation behavior. The oxidation-resistance of Cu, Ni and Ti-6Al-4V was investigated and compared. Moreover, the microstructure of the oxide layers was observed to verify the results of TGA test. This study also developed cobalt-doped SDC cermet as an electrolyte for intermediate temperature (IT)-SOFC. The Cu-based electrode provided good electronic conductivity and prevented carbon deposition. The SDC was used as catalyst and ionic conductor. The methods to synthesize SDC and sinter a dense SDC electrolyte were also provided in this study. Maximum power density of the Cu-based SOFC was 112 mW cm-2 at 750 oC. On the other hand, due to a low melting point and good formability of Cu-Zn alloy, it was suitably applied on 3D printing (3DP) technique. As a result, a melt-extrusion (ME) module was designed to print Cu-Zn alloy. The ME module could reach 1100 oC to extrude Cu-Zn alloy. Besides, the heat insulation of the module was excellent, which was 51 oC outside the module while the temperature in the nozzle was 1000 oC.
Conference papers on the topic "Material extrusion (ME)"
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Mallian, Schuravi, and Boppana Chowdary. "MULTI-OPTIMIZATION OF EMPIRICAL MODELS FOR THE MATERIAL EXTRUSION PROCESS." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/wizl8999.
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Advances in materials and manufacturing technology and increased competitiveness has led to companies needing to manufacture products more efficiently and rapidly to meet growing market demands. The Additive Manufacturing (AM) process is ideally suited to the fabrication of complex geometries usually impossible with traditional methods furthermore it is capable of fabricating entire assemblies in step without the need for tooling or human involvement. Due to the flexibility and advantages over conventional methods AM has garnered significant attention from the manufacturing sector in meeting market demands. Of the array of available AM processes, Material Extrusion (ME) utilizes a heated thermoplastic filament to construct parts or assemblies via a layer by layer deposition method. This process is not without its own flaws, suffering from accuracy, build time, strength etc., due to the conflicting nature of the process parameters of ME. Therefore, it is critical to understand the shortfalls of ME and classify the factors that directly influence the performance of a part. This paper focuses on the enhancement of the performance measures of the part in terms of build time, material consumption and max torsional stress. This is accomplished by understanding the influence of the process parameters such as raster width, raster angle, part orientation and layer thickness on the performance measures via statistically valid models and optimization methods. This was accomplished using a Box-Behnken design for the experimental design followed by the multi-objective optimization of the empirical models from which the optimum process settings was determined. This study has shown that complex a non-linear relationship exists between the process parameters and performance measures. Results show that the Artificial Neural Network had a better fit when compared to the Response Surface Methodology model and it can be a promising alternative for the prediction and optimization of the ME process.
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Eiliat, Hasti, and Jill Urbanic. "Minimizing Voids With Using an Optimal Raster Orientation and Bead Width for a Material Extrusion Based Process." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67708.
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Additive Manufacturing (AM) is the process of joining materials ‘layer by layer’ to make products from Computer Aided Design (CAD) model data. AM processes support faster product realization for a wide selection in industries. The Material Extrusion (ME) process is an AM process that builds a product from thin layers of extruded filaments from a semi-melted material such as a thermoplastic. In commercial systems, the software automatically generates the tool paths for both the model and any necessary supports, based on the curve geometry and the specified build parameters. The interior fill rotates 90° between each layer. Automatically generating the tool path can be the biggest weakness for this process planning strategy. Voids and discontinuities have been observed after evaluating test specimens developed to explore mechanical characteristics. Choosing an optimal raster orientation and bead width will help minimize voids and discontinuities in each layer. A mathematical model is introduced in this paper to find optimal raster orientation and bead widths based on the geometry of the slice for selected 2D extruded parts. As well, preliminary quality assessment metrics are introduced. Void analysis is performed to evaluate solution approaches, and the results compared. The future work will investigate utilizing multiple bead widths for a layer to minimize voids, and developing more comprehensive quality metrics to highlight problematic regions.