Relevant bibliographies by topics / Material extraction process

Academic literature on the topic 'Material extraction process'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Material extraction process"

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Dyachok, Vasil. "Extraction Process of Intracellular Substance." Chemistry and Chemical Technology 4, no. 2 (June 15, 2010): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht04.02.163.

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In this study the mathematical model of the extraction process from plant material is developed, taking into account the anatomical structure of plant material, namely the presence of cellular and intercellular spaces. The solution of the model enables to determine its kinetic coefficients Dc, Dt, process conditions, and predict the kinetics of the extraction process implementation in practice.
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Wang, Feng Jie, Xin Qiao Dong, and Xiao Liu. "Extraction Process of Amaranthine Pigment Keeping the Water Wax Fuit Biological Active." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.150.

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Development natural pigment retained a variety of nutrition composition is extremely research value.Water Wax Trees Fruit was as raw materials,citric acid aqueous solution was as extracting agent.Amaranthine pigment extraction method were studied on fully grasping the stability of the natural amaranthine pigment and no damage to the water wax fruit biological activity.The effect of extraction yield were studied on Water Wax Trees Fruit natural amaranthine pigment.The results show that the better extraction conditions are extraction temperature at 70 °C, extraction time for 3h,citric acid concentration1.0 % , the material/liquid ration(g/ml) 1:5.The extraction yield is 2.95%.Ultraviolet absorption maximum wavelength is 280 nm.
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Tabakaev, Anton, Oksana Tabakaeva, and Yuriy Prikhodko. "Mathematical Modeling of Carotenoid Extraction from Brown Algae S.Miyabei." Food Industry 7, no. 3 (September 22, 2022): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2500-1922-2022-7-3-6.

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The thesis concerns the conditions optimization for extracting carotenoids and fucoxanthin from brown algae S. miyabei by the math modelling method. The authors studied the influence of the following parameters: the raw materials ratio – extractant, extractions multiplicity, process duration and temperature, grinding degree of raw materials. The multifactorial experiment revealed that the extraction multiplicity and time were the determining factors affecting the carotenoids and fucoxanthin yield. The regression analysis results, particularly R 2 , demonstrated that the obtained linear equations adequately described the process regularities of obtaining extractives, lipids and pigments, carotenoids and fucoxanthin from brown algae S. miyabei, depending on the raw material–extractant ratio, the extractions multiplicity, duration, temperature, and particle size. Verification of the presented model with factors parameters beyond the parameters used in obtaining the equations confirmed the possibility and adequacy of its application to describe the extraction and yields prediction of extractives, lipids and pigments, carotenoids and fucoxanthin from the brown algae S. miyabei.
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Bandura, Valentyna. "INNOVATIVE ENERGY EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES OF THE SOYE EXTRACTION PROCESS." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 1(108) (August 27, 2020): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2020-1-10.

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The key process for extracting oils from raw materials is extraction. In this case, extraction is a complex and time-consuming process. The extraction process is characterized by low intensity. One of the most promising and innovative methods of extracting plant material is the use of microwave technologies. As there are no generally accepted recommendations for microwave extraction regimens and extract properties, this makes it impossible to create the appropriate technology and to develop a microwave extractor to obtain the target substances. The article reviews the existing equipment for extraction of various raw materials. It is shown that pulsed electromagnetic field is an effective tool for the implementation of microwave technology. The degree of intensification of mass transfer processes with the application of directional energy diffusion technologies can be much higher than the possibilities of traditional technologies. Scientists study that traditional processes take 3 hours or more, and the process of barodiffusion plus gravity takes less than 30 minutes. The results of the study of the innovative process of soybean extraction using microwave technologies are presented in the article. With increasing temperature, the extraction rate increased, which was associated with an increase in the rates of chemical reactions and diffusion coefficients, a positive effect on the kinetic, internally and externally diffusive nucleus, the driving force of the process increased, and the resistance to its course decreased. The intensification of the extraction process by the microwave field occurs by increasing the pressure inside the capillaries of the vegetable raw materials, with their subsequent destruction and maximum flow of the target component into the extractant. There is a flow of diffusion, which contributes to a significant reduction in time and increase the extraction of valuable components from raw materials. The use of microwave technologies is real and promising as the extraction process facilitates the release of the target component with a significant increase in the concentration (an average of 2 times) and a significant reduction in the oil extraction time.
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Polievoda, Yurii, Igor Tverdokhlib, and Valentina Bandura. "MODELLING OF OILY RAW MATERIAL EXCRACTION PROCESS." Vibrations in engineering and technology, no. 3(94) (November 26, 2019): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2306-8744-2019-3-12.

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This paper concentrates on approaches to mathematical modelling of oily raw material extraction process. «Evolution» of modeling hypothesis based on analysis of differential diffusion equation under the right boundary and initial conditions; on simplified model of Fick's equation and on material balance equation; on mass transfer model in adsorption pore volume; on model for the surface layer by analogy of Van der Waals equation; on Gibbs' model based on the abrupt change of phases due to the intermolecular forces; on the simplest Langmuir equation model; on lattice-based models of Guggenheim, Pryhozhyn, Everett, Ohm, Briukhovetskyi and others. The fact that we need to know a large number of micro - parameters makes these models difficult to use in practice. Under normal extraction conditions, the flow, which comes out of solid phase, collides with the resistance of the diffusion boundary layer, which presents a tangible obstacle affecting the duration and quantity of special-purpose component extraction. As the boundary layer thickness depends on the hydrodynamics of the process, under the influence of the microwave field his obstacle is almost insensible, as the intense movement of liquid reduces its thickness. The main factor acting on the quantity of extracted substance is a pressure difference in capillaries and in the flow of extraction agent and mass transfer coefficient. The effect of pulse microwave input during the extraction transfers the process of diffusion from the external environment to internal, because internal pressure diffusion dominates in this process, but not the convective diffusion with the influence of external agent.
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Anh, Trieu Tuan, Luu Tu Hao, Long Giang Bach, Duy Chinh Nguyen, and Tri Duc Lam. "Effect of Extraction Process on Extraction Yeild, Total Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Activity of Jasminum Subtriplinerve." Key Engineering Materials 814 (July 2019): 527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.814.527.

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Jasminum Subtriplinerve Blume (Oleaceae) is herbal plants widely a tea for weight loss, stimulates milk glands. Extract product it easy used yet had little research. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of extracting conditions such as water/material ratio, extraction temperature and extracting time on extracting yield, polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of J.subtriplinerve extract. The total phenolic compounds were determined according to the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Extraction yield (0.22g/100 g) was obtained at water/material ratio 15:1 (ml/g), 40°C and 4 hours extraction time. Under these optimized conditions, the polyphenol content of was 2640.4 μg/1g extract. And the extract can harvest 46.11 % of DPPH (30 μg/ mL) at 10 000 μg/ml concentration
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Crăciun, Alina Lenuța, and Gheorghe Gutt. "Optimization of Experimental Parameters in the Solvent Extraction of Trans-Resveratrol from Pruning Waste of Vitis vinifera, Fetească Neagră Variety." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13020823.

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The past few decades have seen a marked expansion in market demand for food supplements with therapeutic value. Due to this demand, the recovery of vine waste for obtaining certain phytochemicals or plant synthesized compounds with health-promoting activities can be an important economic component, principally with the agreement of the European Union for resveratrol as a new food ingredient. For the sake of economic capitalization, it is necessary to determine optimum extraction parameters for maximum recovery. In this paper, we have determined the optimum parameters for the solvent extraction of trans-resveratrol from vine prunings. We tested different extraction conditions: 35 different types of solvents, 10 types of solid-to-liquid ratios, 10 extraction times, 10 types of granulosity of the ground material and 7 consecutive extractions on the same material. The optimal parameters determined were: solvent ethanol:diethyl ether 4:1 ratio, 1:35 solid liquid ratio g/mL, 4 days for extraction time, 500 µm–350 µm granulosity of powdered material and one extraction on the material. These findings are confirmed by optimization of extracting parameters according to Box–Behnken design.
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Guo, Qing Feng, and Wei Wang. "Orthogonal Experiment Selecting Extraction Process of Protodioscin in Trigonella Foenum-graecum l." Applied Mechanics and Materials 608-609 (October 2014): 1120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.608-609.1120.

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Objective: To select the best process extracting protodioscin from trigonella foenum-graecum L. Methods: Methods: Orthogonal experiment method is used, and the content of protodioscin is used as the indicator. And the influence of ethanol solution concentration, the ratio of material to solvent, extraction time and extraction times on extraction rate of protodioscin from trigonella foenum-graecum L. And the best extraction process is selected. Results: 75% of ethanol is used, the ratio of material to solvent is 1:60, and ultrasound extraction is made for three times, each time for 15min, which is the best extraction process. The experiment proves that the optimization conditions are reliable and are suitable for ultrasound extraction process of protodioscin in trigonella foenum-graecum L.
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Gafurov, K., A. Artikov, and D. Xasanov B.Mukhamadiey. "Modeling the Process of Extraction of Oilseed Material in a Unit with Critical Carbon Dioxide." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-1, Issue-6 (October 31, 2017): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd2448.

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Iskakov, I. Zh, E. E. Lanina, A. V. Alekseev, E. V. Kravtcova, V. A. Shanin, and O. A. Egorova. "Development of a method for efficient extraction of food raw materials." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1052, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1052/1/012024.

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Abstract Optimization of extracting food products from plant raw materials using a mathematical model is suggested. The model has been derived for the analysis of extracting pectin from Jerusalem artichoke. Multistage anti-cyclic extraction, non-stationary diffusion for the initial element of the processed raw material in the form of plates is considered. The calculations take into account the effect of reverse solvent change, the time of the solvent drain from the solid phase, among other process parameters. The derived equation makes it possible to analyze the effect of the impregnation of a part of the miscella at an intermediate stage of a countercurrent multistage extraction on the efficiency of the process. The correctness of the mass conductivity coefficient calculations was confirmed using the performance indicators of the extractor. Based on the data obtained, a mathematical model was created that describes the extraction process with a variable coefficient of mass conductivity. Thus, it is possible to determine the optimal parameters of the process including the rate of fluid flow through the material, the crushed material particle size, the thickness of the particles, and the processing time.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Material extraction process"

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Ge, Xinlei. "Extraction of Metal Values : Thermodynamics of Electrolyte Solutions and Molten Salts Extraction Process." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för industriell teknik och management, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10638.

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Ramirez, Cadavid David A. "Development of Processes for the Extraction of Industrial Grade Rubber and Co-Products from the Roots of Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TK)." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1512060296142347.

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Navaro, Julien. "Cinétique de mélange des enrobés recyclés et influence sur les performances mécaniques." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00613982.

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Les acteurs du domaine des travaux publics participent techniquement au développement durable, en diminuant les consommations de matériaux et d'énergie lors de la fabrication à chaud d'enrobés bitumineux. Le recours accru aux agrégats d'enrobé, matériaux provenant de la déconstruction des chaussées, est une solution qui permettra d'atteindre une pleine capacité de recyclage dans le secteur de la construction routière. La concomitance de l'augmentation du niveau de recyclage avec l'abaissement des températures de fabrication, avec le même objectif de réduction de la consommation énergétique, suscite une interrogation engageant la qualité des enrobés recyclés ainsi produits. Leur caractérisation qualitative passe par la validation de leurs propriétés mécaniques et une connaissance de l'état physicochimique des constituants. À cette fin, des études mécaniques et des observations microscopiques se complétant sont réalisées. La mise en parallèle de ces résultats avec un essai pratique de contrôle validera la qualité de l'enrobé recyclé produit lors d'une fabrication industrielle. La maitrise des performances des enrobés recyclés permettra leur développement industriel dans le respect des engagements environnementaux contemporains.
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Федоришин, Ольга Миколаївна. "Механізм та кінетика екстрагування біологічно активних речовин з рослинної сировини." Diss., Національний університет "Львівська політехніка", 2021. https://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/56691.

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Дисертацію присвячено вирішенню важливого науково-практичного завдання, що полягало у дослідженні процесу одержання фенольних сполук та флавоноїдів з рослинної сировини та оптимізації способів їх одержання з відкасника безстеблевого (Carlina acaulis), календули лікарської (Calendula officinalis), косариків черепитчастих (Gladiolus imbricatus), як потенційних лікарських засобів. В роботі досліджено особливості екстрагування біологічно активних речовин зазначених лікарських рослин. Розроблено спосіб одержання водно-спиртових екстрактів з рослинної сировини, як потенційних лікарських засобів, проведено ідентифікацію фенольних сполук та флавоноїдів у об'єктах дослідження; досліджено екстракти лікарської рослинної сировини та досліджено їх якісний та кількісний склад. Вперше отримано кінетичні рівняння екстрагування фенольних сполук та флавоноїдів з відкасника безстеблевого (Carlina acaulis), досліджено кінетичні закономірності екстрагування, встановлено умови процесу, що підтверджується динамікою накопичення фенольних сполук та флавоноїдів. Розраховано коефіцієнт дифузії фенольних сполук та флавоноїдів крізь клітинну стінку Ds, який лімітує процес, коефіцієнт дифузії у міжклітинному просторі DM, і показано, що його значення не залежить від розміру твердої фази та коефіцієнт дифузії в шарі екстрагенту De під час перемішування та настоювання. Вперше експериментально розроблено технологію одержання екстракту Carlina acaulis. Запропоновано принципову технологічну та апаратурно-технологічну схеми виробництва екстрактів. Дані схеми в подальшому можна використовувати при підготовці технологічного процесу виробництва настоянок коренів Carlina acaulis. Оптимізовано процес за такими параметрами, як розмір частинок рослинної сировини, концентрація екстрагента та співвідношення сировина – екстрагент. The dissertation is devoted to solving an important scientific and practical problem. It consisted of the study of the process of obtaining phenolic compounds and flavonoids from plant raw materials and optimization of the process for their obtaining from Carlina acaulis, Calendula officinalis and Gladiolus imbricatus, as potential drugs. The peculiarities of extraction of biologically active substances of these medicinal plants are investigated in this work. The identification of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the objects of research was carried out; a method for obtaining water-alcohol extracts from medicinal plant raw materials was developed, and their qualitative and quantitative composition as potential drugs was studied; optimal parameters of extraction of phenolic compounds and flavonoids are established. The kinetic equations extraction of phenolic compounds and flavonoids from Carlina acaulis was obtained for the first time, the kinetic regularities of extraction are investigated, the conditions of the process are established, which is confirmed by the dynamics of accumulation of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The diffusion coefficients of phenolic compounds and flavonoids through the cell wall were calculated Ds. Detected that diffusion coefficients Ds limit the process. The diffusion coefficient in the intercellular space DM were calculated, and it is shown that its value does not depend on the size of the solid phase. The diffusion coefficient in the layer of extractant De during mixing and infusion also were calculated. For the first time, the technology of obtaining Carlina acaulis extract was experimentally developed. The basic technological and hardware-technological schemes of production of extracts are offered. These schemes can then be used in the preparation of the technological process of production of tinctures of the roots of Carlina acaulis. The process is optimized for such parameters as the particle size of plant raw materials, the extractant concentration and the raw material - extractant ratio.
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Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.

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This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
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Feener, Jessica S. "Safeguards for Uranium Extraction (UREX) +1a Process." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-05-270.

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As nuclear energy grows in the United States and around the world, the expansion of the nuclear fuel cycle is inevitable. All currently deployed commercial reprocessing plants are based on the Plutonium - Uranium Extraction (PUREX) process. However, this process is not implemented in the U.S. for a variety of reasons, one being that it is considered by some as a proliferation risk. The 2001 Nuclear Energy Policy report recommended that the U.S. "develop reprocessing and treatment technologies that are cleaner, more efficient, less waste-intensive, and more proliferation-resistant." The Uranium Extraction (UREX+) reprocessing technique has been developed to reach these goals. However, in order for UREX+ to be considered for commercial implementation, a safeguards approach is needed to show that a commercially sized UREX+ facility can be safeguarded to current international standards. A detailed safeguards approach for a UREX+1a reprocessing facility has been developed. The approach includes the use of nuclear material accountancy (MA), containment and surveillance (C/S) and solution monitoring (SM). Facility information was developed for a hypothesized UREX+1a plant with a throughput of 1000 Metric Tons Heavy Metal (MTHM) per year. Safeguard goals and safeguard measures to be implemented were established. Diversion and acquisition pathways were considered; however, the analysis focuses mainly on diversion paths. The detection systems used in the design have the ability to provide near real-time measurement of special fissionable material in feed, process and product streams. Advanced front-end techniques for the quantification of fissile material in spent nuclear fuel were also considered. The economic and operator costs of these systems were not considered. The analysis shows that the implementation of these techniques result in significant improvements in the ability of the safeguards system to achieve the objective of timely detection of the diversion of a significant quantity of nuclear material from the UREX+1a reprocessing facility and to provide deterrence against such diversion by early detection.
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Rolfe, Wesley. "Development of a high pressure hydrometallurgical process for the extraction of iron from iron oxide bearing materials." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/22608.

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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering. Johannesburg, 2016
The feasibility of extracting iron from iron(III) oxide bearing materials with acetylacetone has been under investigation for many years. This is an alternate, environmentally friendly process for the recovery of iron compared to conventional processes that are energy intensive, have numerous costly process steps and produce large quantities of greenhouse gases. Iron(III) oxide bearing waste materials can be used in this process which reduces its environmental impact as it would not require waste storage. This study investigated the feasibility of reducing the reaction time of the liquid phase extraction of iron from iron ore fines by performing the extraction at elevated pressures and temperatures. It was found that that the extraction under pressure was dependent on temperature, pressure, particle size and solid to liquid ratio. It was found that at high temperatures and long extraction times, an unknown secondary reaction occurs that consumes the desired product, iron(III) acetylacetonate, and inhibits the recovery of these crystals. This results in lower extraction yields. It was found that the side reaction was largely dependent on the temperature of the system and the amount of iron(III) acetylacetonate present. The effects of the side reaction could be limited by lower operating temperatures and reducing the total reaction times. An optimum conversion of iron(III) oxide to iron(III) acetylacetonate of 47.2% was achieved for synthetic iron (III) oxide (> 95 wt% Fe2O3) at a total extraction time of 4 h, 160 °C, 0.025 g:1 mL, operating pressure of 1700 kPa, initial N2 feed pressure of 1010 kPa and 375 rpm stirrer speed. The optimum extraction of iron from iron ore fines (> 93 wt% Fe2O3) to iron(III) acetylacetonate was found to be 20.7% at 4 h, 180 °C, 0.025 g:1 mL and operating pressure of 1900 kPa, initial N2 feed pressure of 1010 kPa and 375 rpm stirrer speed. These are the optimum conditions where the side reaction is limited to improve the recovery and desired reaction conversion capabilities of the process. The operation under pressure yielded lower conversions than that of the atmospheric leaching process developed by Tshofu (acetylacetone water system under reflux). It was also found that it was not possible to reduce the extraction time and achieve comparable extractions when operating at higher temperatures and pressures. The formation of an additional unwanted product would also lead to unnecessary treatment costs in an industrial process. Hence, it was found that pressure leaching as an alternative is not currently viable due to the lower yields and associated high costs. Atmospheric leaching seems to be the most economically feasible option until a better alternative is found.
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Sousa, Ana Margarida Moreira de. "Development and Optimization of an Alternative and Environmentally Friendly Agar Extraction Process. Suitability of the Extracted Agars for the Fabrication of Sustainable Materials." Doctoral thesis, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/72953.

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Sousa, Ana Margarida Moreira de. "Development and Optimization of an Alternative and Environmentally Friendly Agar Extraction Process. Suitability of the Extracted Agars for the Fabrication of Sustainable Materials." Tese, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/72953.

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Books on the topic "Material extraction process"

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International Symposium on Process Control and Automation in Extractive Metallurgy (1989 Las Vegas, Nev.). Process control and automation in extractive metallurgy: Proceedings of an International Symposium on Process Control and Automation in Extractive Metallurgy. Warrendale, Pa: TMS, 1988.

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Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Meeting, Association for Iron & Steel Technology, Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Extraction and Processing Division, and TMS Solidification Committee, eds. Sensors, sampling, and simulation for process control: Proceedings of a symposium sponsored by the Process Technology and Modeling Committee and the Solidification Committee of the Extraction and Processing Division of TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society) and Association for Iron and Steel Technology (AIST), held during the TMS 2011 Annual Meeting & Exhibition, San Diego, California, USA, February 27-March 3, 2011. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2011.

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Serebryakov, Andrey, Tat'yana Smirnova, Valentina Mercheva, and Elena Soboleva. Chemistry of combustible minerals. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1041945.

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This textbook is a publication of the latest generation, designed to optimize the national project "Education"; develops theoretical knowledge about the genesis of natural liquid, gaseous and solid combustible minerals, the formation of the composition and properties, the practical significance of fuel and energy natural complexes. It is devoted to the study of the composition, properties and classification of oils, gas condensate, natural gases and solid combustible minerals, studied at the level of modern achievements of instrumental analytical and factory equipment in accordance with existing technologies, theories and hypotheses about the genesis of hydrocarbons and Earth sciences. The publication is supplemented with the main directions of processing of combustible minerals. Digital and graphical types of chemical models of the synergy of components of gas and oil deposits are described, which are necessary for predicting the phase state and composition of hydrocarbons and optimizing the directions of processing of marketable products. To facilitate the process of cognition of the origin and formation of the composition and properties of natural combustible minerals, a glossary, tests, as well as questions for the test and exam are offered. To control the knowledge gained by students while studying textbook materials, each chapter is accompanied by questions and tasks. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students studying in the fields of 05.04.01, 05.03.01 "Geology", 21.05.02 "Applied Geology", as well as for specialists in the field of geology, geochemistry, extraction and processing of oil, gas, gas condensate, solid fuels.
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Mason, Arthur, ed. Arctic Abstractive Industry: Assembling the Valuable and Vulnerable North. Berghahn Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/9781800734685.

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Through diverse engagements with natural resource extraction and ecological vulnerability in the contemporary Arctic, contributors to this volume apprehend Arctic resource regimes through the concept of abstraction. Abstraction refers to the creation of new material substances and cultural values by detaching parts from existing substances and values. The abstractive process differs from the activity of extractive industries by its focus on the conceptual resources that conceal processes of exploitation associated with extraction. The study of abstraction can thus help us attune to the formal operations that make appropriations of value possible while disclosing the politics of extraction and of its representation.
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Usher, Phillip John. Exterranean. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823284221.001.0001.

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Exterranean is a book about the extraction of stuff from the Earth, a process in which matter goes from being sub to exterranean. By opening up a rich archive of specifically nonmodern texts and images, this work offers a bracing riposte to several critical trends in ecological thought. Eschewing the self-congratulatory claims of posthumanism, instead engineering conceptual clashes between the materially situated homo of nonmodern humanism and the abstract and aggregated anthropos of the Anthropocene, arguing against the omnipresence of Earthrise-like globes in attempts to think at planetary scales, and shifting emphasis from emission to extraction, this book pleads for an alertness to the material and immaterial connections between the Earth from which we extract, the human and nonhuman agents of extraction, and the extracted matter with which we live daily. Divided into three sections (“Terra Global Circus,” “Welcome to Mineland,” and “Hiding in Exterranean Matter”), each of which approaches this entanglement from a different perspective, this book gives shape to a sense of the exterranean via readings of authors from France, Germany, Poland, and elsewhere as well as via discussion of mines, objects, engravings, and architecture. In dialogue with Michel Serres, the recent thought of Bruno Latour, and the interdisciplinary turn to the Environmental Humanities more generally, both historicist and speculative in approach, Exterranean lays the groundwork for a comparative ecocriticism that reaches across and untranslates theoretical affordances between periods and languages.
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Partelpoeg, E. H., and D. C. Himmesoete. Process Control and Automation in Extractive Metallurgy Iii/351. Tms, 1989.

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Fisher, David. Recycling of Rare Earths. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901793.

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The recycling of rare earth elements is one of the great challenges for establishing a green economy. Rare earths play an essential role in a great many high-tech products and processes: electronic display screens , computer monitors, cell phones, rechargeable batteries, high-strength magnets, catalytic converters, fluorescent lamps etc. Recycling these materials not only results in valuable materials for new products; it also helps in reducing mountains of discarded products. The recycling methods discussed include bioleaching, biosorption, siderophores, algae and seaweed. carbon-based nanomaterials, silica, pyrometallurgy, electrochemistry, hydrometallurgy, solvent extraction and the use of various absorbents. The book references 253 original resources with their direct web links for in-depth reading.
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Knopf, Thomas, Alexandra David, Dieter Rehfeld, Frank Hillebrandt, Constance von Rüden, Michael Roos, Silviane Scharl, et al. The RITaK Conferences. 2013-2014: Raw Materials, Innovation, Technology of Ancient Cultures - RITaK 1. Edited by Petra Eisenach, Thomas Stöllner, and Arne Windler. Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/dbm.139.

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Globally, raw materials play a central role and are a key factor in determining the economic power and growth of modern states, confederations and coalitions. The extraction and supply of raw materials is a main driving force in global trade today, but has also profoundly influenced human economic and cultural history. In order to elucidate the importance of mineral ores in pre-modern societies, PhD students and staff at the Leibniz graduate school “Raw Materials, Innovation and Technology of Ancient Cultures” [RITaK] – a co-operation between the German Mining Museum [Deutsches Bergbau-Museum, DBM] and the Ruhr-University Bochum [RUB] – were involved in interdisciplinary research. This publication contains the results of the international RITaK end-of-project conference, held from the 27th-29th of September, as well as contributions to the RITaK workshop “Perspectives for an Economic Archaeology”, held on the 22nd and 23rd of November 2013. At a theoretical and model-building level, the first seven articles provide archaeological, sociological and economic perspectives on the diverse economic, cognitive, cultural and social feedback processes set in motion by the appropriation and use of raw materials. The following contributions focus on different archaeological and historical cultures in Europe, Central Asia and the Mediterranean area from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages. Raw material processing and preparation, metal recycling, prehistoric and historic mining, the exchange mechanisms involving raw materials and their products, as well as technology and knowledge transfer, are all covered. Together, the 23 contributions to this volume offer the possibility for intensive engagement with the theme of resources and their influence on and entanglement with human behaviour, mentalities, knowledge acquisition, technological and social developments and even the relationship between people and their environments and the human appropriation of space.
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Q, Li Ben, TMS Synthesis and Analysis in Materials Processing Committee., Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Materials Design and Manufacturing Division. Synthesis, Control, and Analysis in Materials Processing Committee., and Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Meeting, eds. Processing of metals and advanced materials: Modeling, design, and properties : proceedings of an international symposium sponsored by the Synthesis, Control, and Analysis in Materials Processing Committee of the Extraction and Processing Division and of the Materials Design and Manufacturing Division of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, held at the 1998 TMS Annual Meeting in San Antonio, Texas, February 16-19, 1998. Warrendale, Pa: Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1998.

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D, Cho W., Sohn Hong Yong, Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Meeting, and TMS Process Fundamentals Committee., eds. Value-addition metallurgy: Proceedings of an international symposium sponsored by the Process Fundamentals Committee of the Extraction and Processing Division of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, held at the TMS Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, February 16-19, 1998. Warrendale, Pa: TMS, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Material extraction process"

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Martinez, Ana Maria, Kai Tang, Camilla Sommerseth, and Karen Sende Osen. "Extraction of Platinum Group Metals from Spent Catalyst Material by a Novel Pyro-Metallurgical Process." In Rare Metal Technology 2021, 101–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65489-4_12.

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Varma, Rashmi. "Extracting Indigeneity." In The Work of World Literature, 127–47. Berlin: ICI Berlin Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-19_06.

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This essay examines extractivism as both a project and a process that is bolstering new forms of imperialism on a world scale. It argues that extractivism is as much grounded in material accumulation as it is in cultural extraction to create new forms of value. The writings of indigenous writers such as Hansda Sowvendra Shekhar offer an important key to understanding the work of the literary in making visible and resistant that which extractivism seeks to exploit for profit.
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Pickles, C. A., and O. Marzoughi. "Towards a Microwave Metal Extraction Process." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 1039–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95022-8_84.

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Hale, Robert C., Meredith E. Seeley, Ashley E. King, and Lehuan H. Yu. "Analytical Chemistry of Plastic Debris: Sampling, Methods, and Instrumentation." In Microplastic in the Environment: Pattern and Process, 17–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78627-4_2.

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AbstractApproaches for the collection and analysis of plastic debris in environmental matrices are rapidly evolving. Such plastics span a continuum of sizes, encompassing large (macro-), medium (micro-, typically defined as particles between 1 μm and 5 mm), and smaller (nano-) plastics. All are of environmental relevance. Particle sizes are dynamic. Large plastics may fragment over time, while smaller particles may agglomerate in the field. The diverse morphologies (fragment, fiber, sphere) and chemical compositions of microplastics further complicate their characterization. Fibers are of growing interest and present particular analytical challenges due to their narrow profiles. Compositional classes of emerging concern include tire wear, paint chips, semisynthetics (e.g., rayon), and bioplastics. Plastics commonly contain chemical additives and fillers, which may alter their toxicological potency, behavior (e.g., buoyancy), or detector response (e.g., yield fluorescence) during analysis. Field sampling methods often focus on >20 μm and even >300 μm sized particles and will thus not capture smaller microplastics (which may be most abundant and bioavailable). Analysis of a limited subgroup (selected polymer types, particle sizes, or shapes) of microplastics, while often operationally necessary, can result in an underestimation of actual sample content. These shortcomings complicate calls for toxicological studies of microplastics to be based on “environmentally relevant concentrations.” Sample matrices of interest include water (including wastewater, ice, snow), sediment (soil, dust, wastewater sludge), air, and biota. Properties of the environment, and of the particles themselves, may concentrate plastic debris in select zones (e.g., gyres, shorelines, polar ice, wastewater sludge). Sampling designs should consider such patchy distributions. Episodic releases due to weather and anthropogenic discharges should also be considered. While water grab samples and sieving are commonplace, novel techniques for microplastic isolation, such as continuous flow centrifugation, show promise. The abundance of nonplastic particulates (e.g., clay, detritus, biological material) in samples interferes with microplastic detection and characterization. Their removal is typically accomplished using a combination of gravity separation and oxidative digestion (including strong bases, peroxide, enzymes); unfortunately, aggressive treatments may damage more labile plastics. Microscope-based infrared or Raman detection is often applied to provide polymer chemistry and morphological data for individual microplastic particles. However, the sheer number of particles in many samples presents logistical hurdles. In response, instruments have been developed that employ detector arrays and rapid scanning lasers. The addition of dyes to stain particulates may facilitate spectroscopic detection of some polymer types. Most researchers provide microplastic data in the form of the abundances of polymer types within particle size, polymer, and morphology classes. Polymer mass data in samples remain rare but are essential to elucidating fate. Rather than characterizing individual particles in samples, solvent extraction (following initial sample prep, such as sediment size class sorting), combined with techniques such as thermoanalysis (e.g., pyrolysis), has been used to generate microplastic mass data. However, this may obviate the acquisition of individual particle morphology and compositional information. Alternatively, some techniques (e.g., electron and atomic force microscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry) are adept at providing highly detailed data on the size, morphology, composition, and surface chemistry of select particles. Ultimately, the analyst must select the approach best suited for their study goals. Robust quality control elements are also critical to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the sampling and analysis techniques. Further, improved efforts are required to assess and control possible sample contamination due to the ubiquitous distribution of microplastics, especially in indoor environments where samples are processed.
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Wang, Shu-Chao, Yu Wang, Wei-Tong Du, and Peng-cheng Li. "The Experimental Study of CaCO3 in the Vanadium Extraction Process." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 477–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51340-9_47.

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Ibana, Don, Simon Assmann, and Marc Steffens. "Advances in the Development of Electrostatic Solvent Extraction for Process Metallurgy." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 1971–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95022-8_163.

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Tsai, Ying Chieh, Ching Hsue Cheng, and Jing Rong Chang. "A New Knowledge Discovery Model for Extracting Diagnosis Rules of Manufacturing Process." In Materials Science Forum, 889–94. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-990-3.889.

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Dessemond, Colin, Francis Lajoie-Leroux, Gervais Soucy, Nicolas Laroche, and Jean-François Magnan. "Revisiting the Traditional Process of Spodumene Conversion and Impact on Lithium Extraction." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 2281–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95022-8_191.

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Liu, Xudong, Ganghua Fu, Yufeng Guo, Tao Jiang, Wei Chen, and Yujia Tan. "Extraction of Zinc from Willemite by Sodium Salt Roasting and Ammonia-Leaching Process." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 299–307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51340-9_30.

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Cao, Hongyang, Jimin Wang, Binxiu Wu, Jian Wang, and Junhong Li. "Indium Extraction Process from Sulfuric Pressure Leaching Solution for Vacuum Furnace Germanium Slag." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2013, 547–52. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118659045.ch63.

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Conference papers on the topic "Material extraction process"

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Liu, Jun, and Yuxia Hu. "Numerical Simulation of the Installation and Extraction Process of Spudcan Foundations in Clay." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79222.

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This paper presents results from large displacement finite element analysis for spudcan foundation penetrating into and extracting from normally consolidated (NC) clay. The soil was idealized as an elastic-perfectly plastic material obeying a Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion and the large displacement analysis was carried out using Remeshing and Interpolating Technique with Small Strain (RITSS) model to simulate the full installation and extraction process. The numerical results were compared with centrifuge model test data and existing analytical solutions. A full parametric study was undertaken to quantify the influence on spudcan extraction process from soil strength profile, foundation interface roughness and penetration depth. The extraction results showed that the normalized uplift resistance after spudcan installation was much lower than that from small strain analysis, and it was also lower than that of pre-embedded case. Thus it is necessary to apply RITSS method in spudcan extraction simulation after installation.
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Quaranta, N., M. Caligaris, H. López, M. Unsen, M. Carrasco, R. Grether, M. Suarez, and L. Beltramini. "Waste from the coal extraction process as raw material for the construction industry." In ECOSUD 2007. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/eco070451.

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Lei, Zhang, Li Ji-Lie, and Jiang Li-Juan. "Studies on process of aqueous enzymatic extraction of Cornus wilsoniana fruit oil." In 2012 International Conference on Biobase Material Science and Engineering (BMSE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmse.2012.6466186.

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Li, Dong, Jie Zou, Yue Yuan, Jianjun Guo, Wen Xu, Qin Yuan, and Longling Chen. "Study on Ultrasonic-Microwave Synergistic Extraction Process of Tengjiao(Zanthoxylum schinifolium) Oil." In 3rd International Conference on Material, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (IC3ME 2015). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ic3me-15.2015.68.

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Sui, Xiao, Rongyan Yue, Lan Wang, and Yuqian Han. "Process Optimization of Astaxanthin Extraction from Antarctic kill (Euphausia superba) by subcritical R134a." In 3rd International Conference on Material, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (IC3ME 2015). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ic3me-15.2015.9.

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Ruan, Jianzhong, Jun Zhang, and F. W. Liou. "Support Structures Extraction for Hybrid Layered Manufacturing." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/dac-21098.

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Abstract In a multi-axis metal hybrid layered manufacturing system, a combined laser material deposition and material removal system with more than 3-aixs mobility, sometimes support structures are necessary in the part building process, which prevent object from falling during deposition process. Since the support material is the same as build material, it is very difficult to remove the support material in the post processing stage. Thus, the support material must be machined off. Therefore, the geometry information of support structures is important for the machining process. In this paper, a method is presented to extract support structures automatically. Two types of support structures, trapped and non-trapped, are classified in this paper and their extraction methods are discussed respectively.
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Dong, Jian, and Sreedharan Vijayan. "Feature Extraction Techniques by Optimal Volume Decomposition." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/cie-1337.

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Abstract The elements of Computer-Aided Manufacturing, do not make full use of the part description stored in a CAD model because it exists in terms of low-level faces, edges and vertices or primitive volumes related to the manufacturing planning task. Consequently manufacturing planning still depends upon human expertise and input to interpret the part definition according to manufacturing needs. Feature-based technology is becoming an important tool to resolve this and other related problems. One approach is to design the part using Features directly. Another approach is Manufacturing Feature Extraction and Recognition. Manufacturing Feature Extraction consists of searching for the part description, recognizing cavity features, extracting those features as solid volumes of material to be removed. Feature Recognition involves raising this information to the level of part features which can be read by a process planning program. The feature extraction can be called optimal if the manufacturing cost of the component using those features can be minimized. An optimized feature extraction technique using two powerful optimization methods viz., Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithm is presented in this paper. This work has relevance in the areas of CAD/CAM linking, process planning and manufacturability assessment.
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Jiang, Wenlan, Chunpu Lv, Bing Yang, Fuquan Zhang, Ying Gao, Tao Zhang, and Huangang Wang. "Statistical Feature Extraction and Hybrid Feature Selection for Material Removal Rate Prediction in Chemical Mechanical Planarization Process." In 2021 5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology & Manufacturing Conference (EDTM). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edtm50988.2021.9421002.

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Prokopiev, K. E., I. V. Kazanin, and V. N. Zinovyev. "STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF SORPTION MATERIAL PACKAGING ON THE PROCESS OF HELIUM EXTRACTION FROM GAS MIXTURES." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE METHODS OF AEROPHYSICAL RESEARCH. Novosibirsk: Издательство Сибирского отделения РАН, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53954/9785604788974_133.

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Cang, Ruijin, and Max Yi Ren. "Deep Network-Based Feature Extraction and Reconstruction of Complex Material Microstructures." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59404.

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Computational material design (CMD) aims to accelerate optimal design of complex material systems by integrating material science and design automation. For tractable CMD, it is required that (1) a feature space be identified to allow reconstruction of new designs, and (2) the reconstruction process be property-preserving. Existing solutions rely on the designer’s understanding of specific material systems to identify geometric and statistical features, which could be insufficient for reconstructing physically meaningful microstructures of complex material systems. This paper develops a feature learning mechanism that automates a two-way conversion between microstructures and their lower-dimensional feature representations. The proposed model is applied to four material systems: Ti-6Al-4V alloy, Pb-Sn alloy, Fontainebleau sandstone, and spherical colloids, to produce random reconstructions that are visually similar to the samples. This capability is not achieved by existing synthesis methods relying on the Markovian assumption of material systems. For Ti-6Al-4V alloy, we also show that the reconstructions preserve the mean critical fracture force of the system for a fixed processing setting. Source code and datasets are available.
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Reports on the topic "Material extraction process"

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McKinnon, Mark, Daniel Madryzkowksi, and Craig Weinschenk. Development of a Database of Contemporary Material Properties for Fire Investigation Analysis - Materials and Methods. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/zmpa6638.

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Meetings with the majority of the Technical Panel for the Development of an Interactive Database of Contemporary Material Properties for Fire Modeling project were held on June 29 and June 30, 2020. The major subjects of discussion included the list of proposed materials to be tested and characterized, the properties for the database, and the experimental and analytical methods to determine the properties for the database. A list of 101 materials divided into 11 categories were identified for inclusion in the database. The topics of variability in materials and aging of products and furniture items was discussed and it was concluded that investigating these variations is outside the scope of the project in this phase. The list of properties to be stored in the database for each material as well as proposed experimental methods to determine each property were discussed in the Technical Panel meetings. The discussion emphasized that the priorities for the properties represented in the database are dependent on the expected users for the database. Three potential user groups and the sets of properties that each group would likely require were identified. To ensure that the data contained in the database is useful for modeling, it was determined that prioritization would be given to complete sets of properties to be measured and stored in the database. Over the course of the two meetings, several tools were proposed to make the database easier for model practitioners to use. Once such tool included functionality to output lines of code for the models or entire model input files to simplify the process of inserting the properties into computa- tional fire models. Another tool that was discussed would involve automatically extracting derived properties from data sets or translating between complex and simple representations of burning. The next phase of the project includes conducting research to finalize the structure of the database and finalizing experimental procedures and protocols to populate the database.
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Pereira, Candido. Development of Process Flowsheets for the Recovery of Metals by Solvent Extraction to Recycle Battery Materials: Evaluation of Application of AMUSE Code. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1761067.

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Campbell, J. A., J. C. Linehan, and W. H. Robins. Coal liquefaction process streams characterization and evaluation. Characterization of coal-derived materials by field desorption mass spectrometry, two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, supercritical fluid extraction, and supercritical fluid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10174665.

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Poverenov, Elena, Tara McHugh, and Victor Rodov. Waste to Worth: Active antimicrobial and health-beneficial food coating from byproducts of mushroom industry. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600015.bard.

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Background. In this proposal we suggest developing a common solution for three seemingly unrelated acute problems: (1) improving sustainability of fast-growing mushroom industry producing worldwide millions of tons of underutilized leftovers; (2) alleviating the epidemic of vitamin D deficiency adversely affecting the public health in both countries and in other regions; (3) reducing spoilage of perishable fruit and vegetable products leading to food wastage. Based on our previous experience we propose utilizing appropriately processed mushroom byproducts as a source of two valuable bioactive materials: antimicrobial and wholesome polysaccharide chitosan and health-strengthening nutrient ergocalciferol⁽ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2⁾. ᴬᵈᵈⁱᵗⁱᵒⁿᵃˡ ᵇᵉⁿᵉᶠⁱᵗ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉˢᵉ ᵐᵃᵗᵉʳⁱᵃˡˢ ⁱˢ ᵗʰᵉⁱʳ ᵒʳⁱᵍⁱⁿ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ⁿᵒⁿ⁻ᵃⁿⁱᵐᵃˡ ᶠᵒᵒᵈ⁻ᵍʳᵃᵈᵉ source. We proposed using chitosan and vitamin D as ingredients in active edible coatings on two model foods: highly perishable fresh-cut melon and less perishable health bars. Objectives and work program. The general aim of the project is improving storability, safety and health value of foods by developing and applying a novel active edible coating based on utilization of mushroom industry leftovers. The work plan includes the following tasks: (a) optimizing the UV-B treatment of mushroom leftover stalks to enrich them with vitamin D without compromising chitosan quality - Done; (b) developing effective extraction procedures to yield chitosan and vitamin D from the stalks - Done; (c) utilizing LbL approach to prepare fungal chitosan-based edible coatings with optimal properties - Done; (d) enrichment of the coating matrix with fungal vitamin D utilizing molecular encapsulation and nano-encapsulation approaches - Done, it was found that no encapsulation methods are needed to enrich chitosan matrix with vitamin D; (e) testing the performance of the coating for controlling spoilage of fresh cut melons - Done; (f) testing the performance of the coating for nutritional enhancement and quality preservation of heath bars - Done. Achievements. In this study numerous results were achieved. Mushroom waste, leftover stalks, was treated ʷⁱᵗʰ ᵁⱽ⁻ᴮ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʳᵉᵃᵗᵐᵉⁿᵗ ⁱⁿᵈᵘᶜᵉˢ ᵃ ᵛᵉʳʸ ʰⁱᵍʰ ᵃᶜᶜᵘᵐᵘˡᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2, ᶠᵃʳ ᵉˣᶜᵉᵉᵈⁱⁿᵍ any other dietary vitamin D source. The straightforward vitamin D extraction procedure and ᵃ ˢⁱᵐᵖˡⁱᶠⁱᵉᵈ ᵃⁿᵃˡʸᵗⁱᶜᵃˡ ᵖʳᵒᵗᵒᶜᵒˡ ᶠᵒʳ ᵗⁱᵐᵉ⁻ᵉᶠᶠⁱᶜⁱᵉⁿᵗ ᵈᵉᵗᵉʳᵐⁱⁿᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2 ᶜᵒⁿᵗᵉⁿᵗ suitable for routine product quality control were developed. Concerning the fungal chitosan extraction, new freeze-thawing protocol was developed, tested on three different mushroom sources and compared to the classic protocol. The new protocol resulted in up to 2-fold increase in the obtained chitosan yield, up to 3-fold increase in its deacetylation degree, high whitening index and good antimicrobial activity. The fungal chitosan films enriched with Vitamin D were prepared and compared to the films based on animal origin chitosan demonstrating similar density, porosity and water vapor permeability. Layer-by-layer chitosan-alginate electrostatic deposition was used to coat fruit bars. The coatings helped to preserve the quality and increase the shelf-life of fruit bars, delaying degradation of ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity loss as well as reducing bar softening. Microbiological analyses also showed a delay in yeast and fungal growth when compared with single layer coatings of fungal or animal chitosan or alginate. Edible coatings were also applied on fresh-cut melons and provided significant improvement of physiological quality (firmness, weight ˡᵒˢˢ⁾, ᵐⁱᶜʳᵒᵇⁱᵃˡ ˢᵃᶠᵉᵗʸ ⁽ᵇᵃᶜᵗᵉʳⁱᵃ, ᵐᵒˡᵈ, ʸᵉᵃˢᵗ⁾, ⁿᵒʳᵐᵃˡ ʳᵉˢᵖⁱʳᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵖʳᵒᶜᵉˢˢ ⁽Cᴼ2, ᴼ²⁾ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵈⁱᵈ not cause off-flavor (EtOH). It was also found that the performance of edible coating from fungal stalk leftovers does not concede to the chitosan coatings sourced from animal or good quality mushrooms. Implications. The proposal helped attaining triple benefit: valorization of mushroom industry byproducts; improving public health by fortification of food products with vitamin D from natural non-animal source; and reducing food wastage by using shelf- life-extending antimicrobial edible coatings. New observations with scientific impact were found. The program resulted in 5 research papers. Several effective and straightforward procedures that can be adopted by mushroom growers and food industries were developed. BARD Report - Project 4784
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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Material extraction process' for particular source types:
Journal articles
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