Relevant bibliographies by topics / Material deviation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Material deviation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Material deviation"

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Denkena, Berend, Thilo Grove, and Eike Hasselberg. "Workpiece Shape Deviations in Face Milling of Hybrid Structures." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.336.

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A currently common method to design high-performance workpieces is to combine two or more materials to one compound. This way, workpieces can be composed of the most qualified materials according to local loads.When machining high-performance workpiece compounds (e.g. cylinder crankcases), high quality requirements concerning the accuracy of dimension and shape as well as the surface roughness must be fulfilled. However, machining of workpiece compounds leads to unfavorable changes of the workpiece quality in comparison to machining of the single materials. Significant shape deviations occur when different materials are machined alternately in one cutting operation. This is due to unequal material properties, cutting characteristics, chip formation mechanisms as well as characteristic interactions between the single components.The focus of this research is on the process understanding as well as on the identification of measurable shape deviation indicators that describe the surface finish of hybrid structures. Here, the indicators material height deviation, transition deviation at the material joint, surface roughness deviation as well as surface defects (e.g. scratches) on the surface are presented. The overall aim of this research is to predict the surface finish resulting from face milling an aluminum/cast iron compound or a polyurethane/cast iron compound.
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Novak, S., V. Drizhd, and O. Dobrostan. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DATA ON THE DURATION OF FIRE EXPOSURE BEFORE REACHING THE CRITICAL TEMPERATURE STEEL OBTAINED FOR SAMPLES STANDARDIZED AND SAMPLE SIZE REDUCTION FROM FIREPROOF MATERIALS "ENDOTERM 400202" AND "ENDOTERM 210104"." Науковий вісник: Цивільний захист та пожежна безпека 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33269/nvcz.2018.2.18-27.

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The results of the determination of the convergence of experimental data on the duration of fire exposure under the standard temperature regime until the critical temperature of steel obtained for standardized samples (columns) and samples of reduced sizes (plates) with the use of the reactive fireproof material "Endoterm 400202", flowing under the thermal influence in fire conditions, and passive fireproof material (plates) «Endoterm 210104». It has been established that the deviation of the values of the duration of fire exposure to achievement the critical temperature of steel, determined for samples of reduced sizes, from the experimental data obtained on standardized samples, is, on average,–9,5% and 4,7% for reactive and passive fireproof materials, respectively. In this case, for a reactive fireproof material the value of this deviation is in the range from -24,0 % to 17,6 %, and most of it (93 %) has negative values (the duration of fire exposure until the critical temperature of steel, determined for most samples reduced sizes does not exceed the experimental data obtained for standardized samples). For a passive fireproof material, the values of deviation are in the range from -24,7 % to 23,1 %, and most of them (75 %) have positive values (the duration of fire exposure until the critical temperature of steel, determined for most samples of reduced sizes, exceeds the experimental data obtained for standardized samples). The average deviation is 12,1 % and 10,8 %, respectively, for reactive and passive fireproof materials. A regularity is established regarding the dependence of the deviation value of the critical temperature of steel. For a reactive fireproof material, with a increase of the critical temperature from 350 °C to 450 °C (and in some samples – up to 500 °C or more) the deviation decreases. With a further increase of this temperature, the deviation increases (up to temperature of 650 °C), and then decreases. For a passive fireproof material with an increase of the critical temperature from 350 °C to 500 °C (and in some samples – up to 550 °C or more) the deviation increases. With a further increase of this temperature the value of the deviation decreases.
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Teaca, Robert Stefanut, and Gheorghe Brabie. "Analysis of Geometry Deviations in Case of Conical Mini-Parts Obtained by Forming Process from Copper-Zinc Alloy (CuZn37) Sheets." Applied Mechanics and Materials 657 (October 2014): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.657.158.

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Mini forming is an appropriate technology to manufacture small metal parts, as these are required in many industrial products resulting from mini-technology. This paper work want to underline the fact that even in down scale there are problems regarding deviation from the required dimensions. One of the problems is scaling effects, which occur in tribological aspects such as the friction coefficient, which increases with decreasing specimen size. Simulations investigations into mini forming process were carried out and mini conical parts have been obtained with different geometries. . The main objective is to observe and quantify behaviour of the mini parts during forming process and geometry deviations that affect the final product. The material used in this analysis is copper - zinc alloy with anisotropic properties. During forming process of conical mini-parts, the material record important variation along the part length and generate important shape deviation. This phenomenon causes deviations of sidewall angle, superior diameter, inferior diameter, mini part height, and connection radius between the part bottom and sidewall. There are multiple factors that affect the geometry deviations: sidewall angle, friction coefficient, tools gap, punch radius, and punch speed. The Dynaform 5.9.1 software was used to simulate the forming process. The part obtained after each simulation was analyzed and measured to quantify the deviation from the desired geometry on the final conical mini-part. In the final part of this paper some conclusions regarding geometry deviation of conical mini-parts obtained by forming are presented.
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Wang, Shu Lung, and Ting Yu Chueh. "Analysis of the Material Removal Rate of Micro-Hole Machining of Ceramic Materials." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 1572–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1572.

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This study discussed what rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) and tool geometry parameters combination can obtain bigger material removal rate (MRR) in drilling. The experimental configuration of this study was planned using Taguchi orthogonal array, where the drill diameter, rotation speed, power and feed rate were taken as the experimental factors. A relation model among the MRR and standard deviation of the holes walls and processing parameters and tool geometry was established, so as to achieve maximum MRR of the overall deep holes walls. The experimental results proved that application of the optimized parameters combination in rotary ultrasonic machining of holes processing can obtain bigger and better removal rate of holes walls. The effect of control factors on the holes quality was discussed from the straightness deviation and maximum material removal rate of related factors on the holes when the Taguchi method was used in rotary ultrasonic machining of holes drilling. The results showed that rotation speed, power, and feed rate under bigger level have a larger MRR than that of other level in a fixed drill diameter.
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Wolf, Mario, Alexey Rybakov, Richard Hinterding, and Armin Feldhoff. "Geometry Optimization of Thermoelectric Modules: Deviation of Optimum Power Output and Conversion Efficiency." Entropy 22, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22111233.

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Besides the material research in the field of thermoelectrics, the way from a material to a functional thermoelectric (TE) module comes alongside additional challenges. Thus, comprehension and optimization of the properties and the design of a TE module are important tasks. In this work, different geometry optimization strategies to reach maximum power output or maximum conversion efficiency are applied and the resulting performances of various modules and respective materials are analyzed. A Bi2Te3-based module, a half-Heusler-based module, and an oxide-based module are characterized via FEM simulations. By this, a deviation of optimum power output and optimum conversion efficiency in dependence of the diversity of thermoelectric materials is found. Additionally, for all modules, the respective fluxes of entropy and charge as well as the corresponding fluxes of thermal and electrical energy within the thermolegs are shown. The full understanding and enhancement of the performance of a TE module may be further improved.
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Oreshkin, Oleg, Daniil Panov, Laura Kreinest, André Temmler, and Alexander Platonov. "Shape Deviation of Surface Structures Produced by WaveShape (Structuring by Laser Remelting) on Ti6Al4V and a Method for Deviation Reduction." Micromachines 12, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12040367.

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Laser structuring by remelting (WaveShape) is a manufacturing process for metal surfaces in which structures are generated without material removal. The structuring principle is based on the controlled motion of the three-phase line in the area of the solidification front. The contour of the solidification front is imprinted into the remelting track during the continuous solidification process. Typically, harmonic surface structures in the form of sinusoidal oscillations are generated by means of WaveShape with virtually no material loss. However, a significant shape deviation is often observed over a wide range of process parameters. In this study, it was found that much of the shape deviation is concentrated at a spatial wavelength equal to half the spatial wavelength used for structuring. Therefore, an approach to reduce the shape deviations was specifically investigated by superimposing a compensation signal on the harmonic structuring signal. In this approach, a compensation signal with half the spatial wavelength was varied in phase and amplitude and superimposed on the structuring signal. Amplitude and phase shift of the compensation signal were further investigated for selected laser beam diameters and spatial wavelengths. This demonstrated that a shape deviation of harmonic surface structures on titanium alloy Ti6Al4V could be reduced by up to 91% by means of an adapted compensation signal.
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ROY, MICHAËL, SEBTI FOUFOU, and FRÉDÉRIC TRUCHETET. "MESH COMPARISON USING ATTRIBUTE DEVIATION METRIC." International Journal of Image and Graphics 04, no. 01 (January 2004): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467804001324.

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We propose a mesh comparison method using a new attribute deviation metric. The considered meshes contain geometrical and appearance attributes (material color, texture, temperature, etc.). The proposed deviation metric computes local differences between the attributes of two meshes. A mesh comparison assessment can be done easily and quickly using this metric. The techniques proposed are applicable in a number of ways, e.g. 3D matching and registration, and the example described in the paper is the simplification of a surface by iteratively reducing its complexity according to an error metric. The results are presented showing the success of the algorithm through comparisons with other measures and with three different simplification algorithms.
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CORRALES MAGALLANES, ADI, LUIS DEL LLANO VIZCAYA, CELSO EDUARDO CRUZ GONZALEZ, VICENTE BRINGAS RICO, ALDO AUGUSTO LOPEZ MARTINEZ, and EUSEBIO JIMENEZ LOPEZ. "NUMERICAL-EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF A HYPERELASTIC POLYURETHANE ADHESIVE." DYNA 96, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/9783.

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This article presents the results of the experimental tests carried out on a polyurethane hyperelastic adhesive. The Mooney-Rivlin, Ogden and Yeoh models were analyzed between others, with different order and parameters using the finite element method and the Ansys V17.1 package, with the aim of evaluating the convergence of a general hyperelastic model, to subsequently manufacture specimens and perform experimental uniaxial stress tests. The information obtained from the tests was supplied to a curve fitting model for several hyperelastic models, seeking to obtain a correlation between these tests. New analyzes were performed with the finite element method with the materials considered and the curves adjusted. The results were studied and the numerical hyperelastic model closest to reality was selected, observing that the 1st order Yeoh model presented significant deviations between -30% to 60% in the experimental stiffness, the 3rd order Yeoh model presented deviations of -5% to -30%, while Ogden models of 1st and 3rd order presented deviations of -3.5% to 25% and -3% to 20%, before approaching the critical load, where the model of Ogden of 1st order presented a deviation of 0.66% and that of 3rd order of -3.59%. The 2 parameter Mooney-Rivlin model presents a deviation of 3.9% when it approaches the critical load, but values from -2.04% to 15% during the development of the stress test, so that model proved to be the most appropriate to analyze the material investigated in this work. Key Words: Hyperelastic material, Experimental Methods, Numerical Methods, FEA
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Shu, Qijiang, Jing Liu, Xu Lan, Jia Long, Jie Yang, Chong Wang, and Yu Yang. "Correction analysis for the deviation between vacuum furnace and material growth temperatures." Vacuum 144 (October 2017): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2017.07.006.

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Qiu, Xiao Lin, Guo Wei Chang, Shu Ying Chen, and Jian Guo He. "Measurement System of Contact Angle between Molten Steel Droplet and Refractory Material." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.277.

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The distinct images of molten steel droplets were obtained utilizing a home-made experimental equipment, and the method which measures the contact angle between the molten steel droplet and the refractory material using a computer image processing technology and Visual C++ language was represented, meanwhile the measurement system of the contact angle was developed. The results show that the maximum deviation of the measurement system is 0.13° comparing with the actual measurement results, the minimum deviation is 0.03°, and the mean deviation is 0.06°. Under this experiment conditions, the contact angle increases 1.2° when the quality of sample increases from 0.2g to 0.8g at 1550°C, and the contact angle increases 2.3° when the temperature increases from 1550°C to 1600°C for the sample of 0.2g.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Material deviation"

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Dobeš, Radim. "Řešení pro odchylkovou analýzu nákladů ve výrobní společnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444622.

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At the very beginning of the diploma thesis, we introduce the reader to the issues of BI and controlling of manufacturing companies. Subsequently, we perform an analysis and evaluation of the current state of the selected manufacturing company in terms of variations in production. Then we use MSSQL server and SSAS to create a controlling model. The company will be able to unambiguously and quickly identify weaknesses in production and quickly eliminate them. Finally, we evaluate the real benefits of this project for the company.
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Svensson, Ted, and Therése Björman. "Hur ledtidsstörningar påverkar tillgängligheten på material hos ITAB Shop Concept : En studie för att säkerställa att rätt material finns tillgängligt i rätt tid." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Logistik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69542.

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ITAB Shop Concept är ett multinationellt företag som utvecklar, tillverkar, säljer samt installerar inredningskoncept och produkter till butikskedjor. En del av denna produktion innefattar tillverkning av kassadiskar, vilka består av komplexa produktstrukturer med hundratals ingående komponenter. På grund av att ITAB upplevde att komponenter saknades vid start av kassadiskmontaget, gavs uppdraget att undersöka orsakerna till detta. Studiens syfte var att kartlägga och analysera orsaker till störningar i ledtider som påverkar tillgängligheten på komponenter till monteringsavdelningen på ITAB Shop Concept Jönköping samt ge rekommendationer. Produktionen av kassadiskar var helt kundorderstyrd och produktionsplanering skedde med hjälp av affärssystemet Jeeves Universal. Metoden som användes var materialbehovsplanering, vilket innebär att planeringen av tillverkning och inköp baseras på kassadiskarnas produktstrukturer, lagersaldon och ledtider. ITAB producerade mellan 50-60 kassadiskar vid högsäsong och mellan 30-40 stycken vid lågsäsong. Vid insamlingen av dataunderlaget undersöktes tillverkningsorder som inte var startklara vid planerat startdatum. Detta gjordes genom daglig mätning, där samtliga tillverkningsorder inspekterades för att utläsa vilka komponenter som hade brist mot lager. Mätningarna visade att egenproducerade komponenter utgjorde drygt hälften av bristerna medan inköpta utgjorde ungefär en femtedel. Resterande brister berodde på så kallade fästelement, vilket är ett samlingsnamn för bland annat skruvar och muttrar. Dessa komponenter är lågvärdesartiklar och med hjälp av en bättre styrningsmetod skulle detta problemet kunna reduceras. Bättre rutiner för snabbinventering skulle behöva införas för att förhindra att minussaldon uppstår. Detta gäller inte enbart fästelement utan för samtliga artiklar i produktionen. För egenproducerade komponenter identifierades i vilka produktionsgrupper en störning i ledtiden först uppstod. För sex av dessa studerades rutinerna mer djupgående för att utreda varför störningar hade uppstått. De problem som identifierades var bland annat bristande rapporteringar och att data i Jeeves inte överensstämde med verkligheten. För två av produktionsgrupperna var den utförda arbetstiden mer än 50 respektive 80 procent längre än planerad. Detta medförde att planerad beläggning inte var tillförlitlig och operatörerna i dessa produktionsgrupper hade svårt att hinna med. För att förbättra detta och få en bättre planering bör regelbunden uppdatering av ställ- och stycktider utföras. Mätningarna visade även på tydliga felaktigheter mellan verkliga lagersaldon och de registrerade i Jeeves. En av anledningarna till detta var bristande rutiner vid kassationer. Då en kassation uppstod rapporterade operatören detta, men det kunde ta lång tid innan det noterades av produktionsplanerna på grund av hur planeringen i affärssystemet var uppbyggt. Eftersom produktionen var direkt kundorderstyrd innebar en kassation att en ny akut tillverkningsorder behövde släppas. Därför är det viktigt att dessa tidigt behandlas för att inte brist ska uppstå. Efter att en akutorder har släppts är det även viktigt att denna prioriteras i produktionen, vilket gjordes genom att produktionsledarna lämnade ut en lista till berörda produktionsgrupper. Detta skulle istället kunna göras med hjälp av Jeeves, eftersom systemet är försett med möjligheten att använda prioriteringskoder. Ett annat problem som identifierades i ett par produktionsgrupper var att körplanen som Jeeves utformat inte följdes. För plockning av material användes istället en lista baserad på när kundorder skulle vara klara. Detta medförde att material plockades samtidigt till monteringen och lackeringen, trots att lackering utförs innan montering. Därför bör truckförarna för kassadiskplocket följa körplanen för att säkerställa att material har plockats fram i rätt tidpunkt till respektive operation. För en av produktionsgrupperna var det svårt att följa körplanen och för att lösa detta behöver bättre förståelse för andras arbetsrutiner utvecklas hos personalen. Genom ett bättre samarbete mellan och inom produktionsgrupperna skulle det vara enklare för vissa produktionsgrupper att genomföra sitt arbete. För inköpta komponenter är det många variabler som påverkar och de problem som datainsamlingen påvisade var att inleveranser ofta blev stående i godsmottagningen. Detta medförde att materialet inte blev tillgängligt i affärssystemet även om det fysiskt fanns tillgängligt i produktionsanläggningen. En annan observation som gjordes var att material ofta beställdes till samma dag som det skulle användas i produktionen. Detta innebar att materialet behövde levereras i rätt tid från leverantörerna för att inte brist skulle uppstå. Eftersom ledtiderna för anskaffning av material var korta ställs större krav, något som inte återspeglades tillbaka på leverantörerna. Utifrån studiens resultat blev det tydligt att ITAB behöver fokusera mer på tillgänglighet av material. Därför kan det vara av intresse att undersöka huruvida det är ett felaktigt fokus i produktionen. Genom ITABs fokusering på leveransprecision och slutdatum uppstod suboptimering och operatörerna hade ingen helhetsuppfattning över tillgänglighet. Därför är det rimligt att fokusering på tillgänglighet och startdatum istället skulle skapa bättre balans i produktionen, vilket skulle kunna leda till ökad produktivitet.
ITAB Shop Concept is a multinational company that develops, manufactures, sells and installs interior design concepts and products to retail chain stores. A part of this production includes manufacturing of checkouts, which have complex product structures with hundreds of components. This thesis came to because ITAB experienced that components were missing at the start of the checkout assembly. The purpose of this thesis was to identify and analyze the causes of lead-time deviations that affect the availability of components to the assembly section at ITAB Shop Concept in Jönköping and give recommendations. The production of checkouts was completely customer-driven and the production planning was done with the ERP-system Jeeves Universal. The method used was material requirements planning, which base the production planning for purchasing and self-production on the product structures of the checkouts and also on inventory levels and lead times. ITAB produced between 50-60 checkouts at peak season and 30-40 in the off-season. To collect data material, every manufacturing order, which wasn’t ready to the planned start, was examined. This was done by making daily measurements, where all manufacturing orders were inspected to deduce which components had a shortage of stock. The measurements showed that self-produced components contributed to slightly more than half of the shortages while purchased components constituted of approximately one-fifth. The remaining shortages were due to screws and brackets. These components are low-cost products and by using a better inventory control method, the risk of shortages for these could be reduced. Better procedures for rapid update of inventory would also be necessary in order to prevent the occurrence of negative inventory balance. This applies not only to screws and brackets but for all components in the production. For self-produced components, production groups could be identified where a disturbance in lead-time first emerged. For six of these, routines where examined in more detail to investigate why the disturbance had occurred. The problems that were identified were for instance lack of reporting and that the data in Jeeves didn’t correspond to the reality. For two of the production groups, the reported work time was more than 50 percent and 80 percent longer than planned. This meant that scheduled availability was unreliable and the operators of these production groups had a hard time keeping up. To improve this and get a better production plan, planned work time and setup time should be regularly updated. The measurements also showed clear errors between actual inventory levels and the levels registered in Jeeves. One reason for this was found to be inadequate procedures for wasting. When wastage occurred, the operator reported this but then it could take a while before the production planner noted this because of how the planning was structured in the ERP-system. Since production was directly customer-driven, a new urgent manufacturing order had to be released. Therefore it’s important that these cases are noted early to avoid that shortages occur. When an urgent manufacturing order has been released, it’s also important that this order is prioritized within the production. At the time of this thesis, this was done by the production managers who gave out a list of urgent orders to the production groups. This could instead be performed with the help of Jeeves, as the system already is equipped with the ability to use priority codes. Another problem that was identified in a few productions groups was that the dispatch list that Jeeves generated wasn’t followed. Instead the operators in charge of transporting components to the assembly section and painting area used a list based on the orders completion date. This meant that the components were delivered at the same time to both these production groups, even though the painting should be done before the assembly takes place. Therefore, truck drivers for checkout components should follow the dispatch list in order to make sure that materials are transported to the correct operation at the correct time. Although, for one of the operations, it would be difficult to follow the dispatch list because many orders are combined. To solve this, personnel need to have better understanding of each other’s work routines. Through better collaborations between and within the productions groups, a better work situation could evolve. For purchase components, there are many variables that influence and one of the problems that were identified was that deliveries often were left standing in the receiving area. This meant that the material wasn’t available in the ERP-system even though the material was available within the production plant. Another observation that was made was that materials often were ordered to the same day it would be used in the production. This meant that the material had to be delivered on time from suppliers in order to avoid that shortages would occur. Given that the lead times for procurement of materials were short, it requires higher demands. These demands were not reflected back to the suppliers, which should be the case. Based on the results of this study, it became clear that ITAB has to focus more on the availability of materials. Therefore, it may be of interest to investigate whether right focus is used or not. While ITAB is focusing on delivery precision and completion dates, the operations were sub-optimized and the operators didn’t have a whole view of the material flow. It is therefore reasonable to believe that focus on availability and start date instead would create a better balance in the material flow, which could lead to increased productivity.
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Hasselberg, Eike [Verfasser]. "Surface shape deviations in face milling of multi-material-designed components / Eike Hasselberg." Garbsen : TEWISS - Technik und Wissen GmbH, 2021. http://d-nb.info/123137490X/34.

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Giljum, Stefan, Hanspeter Wieland, Franz Stephan Lutter, Nina Eisenmenger, Heinz Schandl, and Anne Owen. "The impacts of data deviations between MRIO models on material footprints: A comparison of EXIOBASE, Eora, and ICIO." Wiley, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12833.

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In various international policy processes such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals, an urgent demand for robust consumption-based indicators of material flows, or material footprints (MFs), has emerged over the past years. Yet, MFs for national economies diverge when calculated with different Global Multiregional Input-Output (GMRIO) databases, constituting a significant barrier to a broad policy uptake of these indicators. The objective of this paper is to quantify the impact of data deviations between GMRIO databases on the resulting MF. We use two methods, structural decomposition analysis and structural production layer decomposition, and apply them for a pairwise assessment of three GMRIO databases, EXIOBASE, Eora, and the OECD Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) database, using an identical set of material extensions. Although all three GMRIO databases accord for the directionality of footprint results, that is, whether a countries' final demand depends on net imports of raw materials from abroad or is a net exporter, they sometimes show significant differences in level and composition of material flows. Decomposing the effects from the Leontief matrices (economic structures), we observe that a few sectors at the very first stages of the supply chain, that is, raw material extraction and basic processing, explain 60% of the total deviations stemming from the technology matrices. We conclude that further development of methods to align results from GMRIOs, in particular for material-intensive sectors and supply chains, should be an important research priority. This will be vital to strengthen the uptake of demand-based material flow indicators in the resource policy context.
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Neely, Jared A. "Correlation of Stress Intensity Range with Deviation of the Crack Front from the Primary Crack Plane in both Hand and Die Forged Aluminum 7085-T7452." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1557162451907811.

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Guiot, Anthony. "Modélisation et simulation du procédé de prépolissage automatique sur centre d'usinage 5 axes." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01044984.

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La réalisation de formes complexes comme les moules ou les prothèses médicales nécessite l'utilisation d'opérations de super finition pour obtenir de faibles défauts géométriques, pouvant aller jusqu'au poli-miroir. Ces opérations de pré-polissage et de polissage sont encore régulièrement réalisées manuellement. En effet, malgré des avantages en termes de répétabilité, de productivité et de qualité géométrique, les méthodes de polissage automatique sont peu utilisées car elles nécessitent une mise au point importante. Les travaux de recherche présentés participent à la maîtrise du procédé de polissage automatique tout en contrôlant la qualité géométrique des pièces. Pour parvenir à cette maîtrise, un outil de simulation de l'enlèvement de matière est mis en place. Cet outil permet de simuler l'enlèvement de matière au cours d'une opération de prépolissage réalisée sur centre d'usinage 5 axes. Il se base sur un modèle du contact obtenu entre l'outil de pré-polissage et la pièce, ainsi que sur un modèle du pouvoir abrasif intégrant l'usure et l'encrassement du disque. Cette simulation permet de vérifier la régularité de l'abrasion sur une surface et d'identifier les zones pouvant faire apparaitre des défauts macro-géométriques importants. Une méthode est également proposée pour compenser les variations du pouvoir abrasif au cours du temps. La compensation s'effectue en optimisant les consignes de vitesse d'avance et/ou de fréquence de broche le long de la trajectoire. Cette méthode de pilotage permet d'obtenir un taux d'enlèvement de matière plus constant et ainsi de réduire les défauts géométriques générés pendant une opération de prépolissage.
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Liu, Tong. "„Ich verstehe nur Chinesisch!“." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät II, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17269.

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Vor dem Hintergrund der Ausspracheabweichungen, die chinesische Muttersprachler beim Erwerb der deutschen Aussprache produzieren bzw. aufweisen, widmet sich die vorliegende Arbeit einer intensiven kontrastiven phonetisch-phonologischen Analyse des Deutschen (Standardbinnendeutsch) und des Chinesischen (Putonghua) auf der segmentalphonetischen und -phonologischen, der phonotaktischen und der suprasegmentalen Ebene, um hierauf aufbauend internetbasierte Lehr- und Lernmaterialien zur deutschen Aussprache für chinesische Muttersprachler zu entwickeln. Exemplarisch für diese Konzeption stehen zwei zweieinhalb- bis dreiminütige selbst entwickelte und professionell ausgearbeitete Lernvideos (zu den deutschen Kurz- und Langvokalen sowie zu Konsonantenhäufungen).
Considering pronunciation deviations which are produced by Chinese native speakers in the learning of German pronunciation, this dissertation conducts an intensive contrastive phonetic-phonological analysis of German (Standard internal German) and Chinese (Putonghua) on the segmental, the phonotactic and the suprasegmental levels, in order to further develop internet-based teaching and learning materials for German pronunciation targeting Chinese native speakers. Two educational videos about German pronunciation for Chinese native speakers based on this contrast are developed as a result of this analysis, with one focusing on German short and long vowels and the other on consonant clusters.
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Chen, Sheng-Tsung, and 陳聖宗. "The Effects of Disc-Vertical Deviation and Sound Absorbing Materials on Noise of DVD-ROMs." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99792727351876823615.

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碩士
大同大學
機械工程學系(所)
98
Following by the development of information industry, the optical storage is changed dramatically. However, the issue of vibration and noise is largely increased with the progressing of the technology. Therefore, to find out the cause of noise of DVD-ROMs and to reduce the noise of DVD-ROMs are important engineering issues. There are two kinds of the noises generated when DVD-ROM running in high speed. The first one is aerodynamic noise and the cause is : the spindle motor drives disk rotating in high speed and the surrounded air would flow accordantly. Then the disk is vibrating due to the air flow which would cause noise. Another kind of noise is called structure vibration noise, which is generated by the vibration of DVD-ROM when spindle motor is running in high speed. In this paper will show the influence of the different Disc-Vertical Deviation of DVD-ROMs on noise under the various high speed of spindle motor. Moreover, noise absorptive foams are included in this study. The experiment included the following three conditions: without using noise absorptive foam, attached with high density noise absorptive foam, and low density noise absorptive foam. Finally, the optimal combination will be identified according to the result of this experiment.
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Leveque, Francisco Coro. "Special Materials for Solve Deviations appeared in Mmanufacturing parts of CFRP and GFRP." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10884/1482.

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Composites are materials increasingly used due to their characteristics and properties and the process Hand Lay Up is one of the most common process used in the word because it is a process that doesn’t need a high investment in machines as in other processes but it is mandatory to expend resources in research and development (R&D). When a part of composites is manufactured, typical deviations normally appear depending on the manufacturing process, geometry of the part, human factors, materials, etc... The process Hand Lay Up is a very slow process because the manual sheet placement stage consume about half of the total process time, and for this reason, the corrective actions to solve the deviations which appear during the cure cycle, should be taken in this stage, during the Hand Lay Up. As the name of the thesis shows: “SPECIAL MATERIALS FOR SOLVE DEVIATIONS APPEARED IN MANUFACTURING PARTS OF CFRP AND GFRP” the approach is showing how with some special materials it is possible to solve typical deviations that appear during the manufacturing process of a part of composites, and demonstrating how it is possible to decrease total cost by adding or modifying the typical material used in the process Hand Lau UP. The special materials used for eradicating the defects are ancillary materials. Ancillary materials are used only during the manufacturing process, but they do not remain incorporated to the part and are divided by two types: Material Type A and Material Type B. During the thesis, on one hand, we will analyze how is possible to solve defects of Lack of resin, surface porosity, delamination and excess of resin appeared during the manufacturing of Hollow Parts of GFRP using ancillary materials Type A, and on the other hand, defects of Porosity between layers, lack of resin and surface porosity appeared during the manufacturing of Planar Parts with special radius of CFRP using ancillary materials Type B. Finally, with a business case will be demonstrate how is possible to decrease total costs using these ancillary materials. In one case replacing conventional materials used during the performing of the vacuum bag and in other case adding a new material.
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Ranjineh, Khojasteh Enayatollah. "Geostatistical three-dimensional modeling of the subsurface unconsolidated materials in the Göttingen area." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0001-BB9A-B.

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Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Erstellung eines dreidimensionalen Untergrundmodells der Region Göttingen basierend auf einer geotechnischen Klassifikation der unkosolidierten Sedimente. Die untersuchten Materialen reichen von Lockersedimenten bis hin zu Festgesteinen, werden jedoch in der vorliegenden Arbeit als Boden, Bodenklassen bzw. Bodenkategorien bezeichnet. Diese Studie evaluiert verschiedene Möglichkeiten durch geostatistische Methoden und Simulationen heterogene Untergründe zu erfassen. Derartige Modellierungen stellen ein fundamentales Hilfswerkzeug u.a. in der Geotechnik, im Bergbau, der Ölprospektion sowie in der Hydrogeologie dar. Eine detaillierte Modellierung der benötigten kontinuierlichen Parameter wie z. B. der Porosität, der Permeabilität oder hydraulischen Leitfähigkeit des Untergrundes setzt eine exakte Bestimmung der Grenzen von Fazies- und Bodenkategorien voraus. Der Fokus dieser Arbeit liegt auf der dreidimensionalen Modellierung von Lockergesteinen und deren Klassifikation basierend auf entsprechend geostatistisch ermittelten Kennwerten. Als Methoden wurden konventionelle, pixelbasierende sowie übergangswahrscheinlichkeitsbasierende Markov-Ketten Modelle verwendet. Nach einer generellen statistischen Auswertung der Parameter wird das Vorhandensein bzw. Fehlen einer Bodenkategorie entlang der Bohrlöcher durch Indikatorparameter beschrieben. Der Indikator einer Kategorie eines Probepunkts ist eins wenn die Kategorie vorhanden ist bzw. null wenn sie nicht vorhanden ist. Zwischenstadien können ebenfalls definiert werden. Beispielsweise wird ein Wert von 0.5 definiert falls zwei Kategorien vorhanden sind, der genauen Anteil jedoch nicht näher bekannt ist. Um die stationären Eigenschaften der Indikatorvariablen zu verbessern, werden die initialen Koordinaten in ein neues System, proportional zur Ober- bzw. Unterseite der entsprechenden Modellschicht, transformiert. Im neuen Koordinatenraum werden die entsprechenden Indikatorvariogramme für jede Kategorie für verschiedene Raumrichtungen berechnet. Semi-Variogramme werden in dieser Arbeit, zur besseren Übersicht, ebenfalls als Variogramme bezeichnet. IV Durch ein Indikatorkriging wird die Wahrscheinlichkeit jeder Kategorie an einem Modellknoten berechnet. Basierend auf den berechneten Wahrscheinlichkeiten für die Existenz einer Modellkategorie im vorherigen Schritt wird die wahrscheinlichste Kategorie dem Knoten zugeordnet. Die verwendeten Indikator-Variogramm Modelle und Indikatorkriging Parameter wurden validiert und optimiert. Die Reduktion der Modellknoten und die Auswirkung auf die Präzision des Modells wurden ebenfalls untersucht. Um kleinskalige Variationen der Kategorien auflösen zu können, wurden die entwickelten Methoden angewendet und verglichen. Als Simulationsmethoden wurden "Sequential Indicator Simulation" (SISIM) und der "Transition Probability Markov Chain" (TP/MC) verwendet. Die durchgeführten Studien zeigen, dass die TP/MC Methode generell gute Ergebnisse liefert, insbesondere im Vergleich zur SISIM Methode. Vergleichend werden alternative Methoden für ähnlichen Fragestellungen evaluiert und deren Ineffizienz aufgezeigt. Eine Verbesserung der TP/MC Methoden wird ebenfalls beschrieben und mit Ergebnissen belegt, sowie weitere Vorschläge zur Modifikation der Methoden gegeben. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen wird zur Anwendung der Methode für ähnliche Fragestellungen geraten. Hierfür werden Simulationsauswahl, Tests und Bewertungsysteme vorgeschlagen sowie weitere Studienschwerpunkte beleuchtet. Eine computergestützte Nutzung des Verfahrens, die alle Simulationsschritte umfasst, könnte zukünftig entwickelt werden um die Effizienz zu erhöhen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie und nachfolgende Untersuchungen könnten für eine Vielzahl von Fragestellungen im Bergbau, der Erdölindustrie, Geotechnik und Hydrogeologie von Bedeutung sein.
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Books on the topic "Material deviation"

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Council of the European Communities. Die Bauproduktenrichtlinie: Gegenüberstellung und Abweichungen : Deutsch, Englisch, Französisch = The construction products directive : comparison and deviations : German, English, French = La Directive des produits de construction : comparaison et déviations : allemand, anglais, français. Berlin: Ernst & Sohn, 2000.

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Gelman, Andrew, and Deborah Nolan. Descriptive statistics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785699.003.0003.

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Descriptive statistics is the typical starting point for a statistics course, and it can be tricky to teach because the material is more difficult than it first appears. The activities in this chapter focus more on the topics of data displays and transformations, rather than the mean, median, and standard deviation, which are covered easily in a textbook and on homework assignments. Specific topics include: distributions and handedness scores; extrapolation of time series and world record times for the mile run; linear combinations and economic indexes; scatter plots and exam scores; and logarithmic transformations and metabolic rates.
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Medforth, Janet, Linda Ball, Angela Walker, Sue Battersby, and Sarah Stables. Maternal emergencies during pregnancy, labour, and postnatally. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754787.003.0022.

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Maternal emergencies during pregnancy, labour, birth, and the postnatal period are covered. Blood tests during pregnancy and detecting deviations from the norm are included. Maternal emergencies and their management considered include: major obstetric haemorrhage, uterine rupture, eclampsia, emboli (pulmonary embolus and amniotic fluid embolus), HELLP syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, uterine inversion, shock, and maternal resuscitation. Guidelines for admission to a high-dependency unit and current maternal morbidity and mortality data are included.
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Deviation of Time-Resolved Luminescence Dynamics in MWIR Semiconductor Materials from Carrier Recombination Theory Predictions. Storming Media, 2004.

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Heath, Anthony F., Elisabeth Garratt, Ridhi Kashyap, Yaojun Li, and Lindsay Richards. Progress in Tackling Beveridge’s Five Giants. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805489.003.0009.

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The concluding chapter of the book summarizes the evidence about social progress in Britain, and the extent to which Britain has been successful in tackling Beveridge’s five giants. It shows how patterns differ between the different domains of social progress and in which domains disadvantaged groups fell behind. The chapter also reviews how Britain’s progress compared with that in peer countries. In some cases the evidence suggests that common features were evident in all eight countries, whereas in other cases, notably material prosperity, life expectancy, and unemployment, there were significant deviations from the experience of peer countries. The chapter uses these comparisons to explore whether Margaret Thatcher’s 1980s reform package improved Britain’s economic and labour market performance and whether it had unwanted side effects in the form of reduced equality of opportunity and social cohesion.
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Barclay, Philip, and Helen Scholefield. High dependency and intensive care. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0030.

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The development of maternal critical care is essential in reducing morbidity and mortality due to a substandard level of care. The level of critical care should depend upon the patient’s severity of illness, not their physical location. Escalation to level 3 (intensive) care is uncommon in pregnancy, with a median admission rate of 2.7 per 1000 births, mainly due to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and haemorrhage. Maternal ‘near misses’ occur more frequently, with 6.5 per 1000 births meeting Mantel’s criteria, of which 85% is due to major obstetric haemorrhage. The admission rate to maternal high dependency units (level 2 care) varies from 1% to 5%. Acute physiological scoring systems have been found to be reliable when applied to parturients receiving level 3 care but overestimate mortality. Maternal early warning scores have been derived from simplified versions of these systems, with allowance made for physiological changes seen in pregnancy. There are many different maternity scoring systems in use throughout England and Wales. All share the same principle that parameters should be recorded regularly during the hospital stay, with deviations from normal quantified, recorded, and acted upon. A chain of response is then required to ensure that suitably qualified staff, possessing appropriate critical care competencies, attend in a timely fashion. Appropriate resources must be available with equipment readily to hand and suitably trained staff so that invasive monitoring can be used. Clear admission criteria are required for level 2 care within the delivery suite and escalation to level 3, with suitable arrangements for transfer.
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Schrag, Fenichel Emily, and Provence Sally 1916-, eds. Development in jeopardy: Clinical responses to infants and families. Madison, Conn: International Universities Press, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Material deviation"

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Anitha, J., and Raja Das. "Optimization of Process Parameters in EDM Using Standard Deviation and MOORA Method." In Springer Proceedings in Materials, 151–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6267-9_18.

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Sánchez, J. M., M. A. Sebastián Pérez, E. Rubio, M. Sánchez Carrilero, L. Sevilla, and Mariano Marcos Bárcena. "A Parametric Model for the Straightness Deviation in the Cutting Processes of Aluminum Alloys." In Materials Science Forum, 31–36. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-417-0.31.

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Inui, Haruyuki, Katsushi Tanaka, Kyosuke Kishida, and Shunta Harada. "Defect Generation in Some Transition-Metal Silicides in Accommodating the Deviation from the Stoichiometric Compositions." In Materials Science Forum, 443–46. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-462-6.443.

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Hunda, B. M., A. M. Solomon, V. M. Holovey, T. V. Hunda, P. P. Puga, and R. T. Mariychuk. "Luminescent Properties Of Li2B4O7 (LTB) Polycrystals At The Deviation From Stoichiometry." In Photovoltaic and Photoactive Materials — Properties, Technology and Applications, 297–300. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0632-3_25.

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Raghavan, N. S., and A. H. King. "A Mathematical Formulation for Interfacial Diffusion, Incorporating Deviation from the Classical Random Walk Theory." In Diffusion in Advanced Materials and Processing, 63–71. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-45-0.63.

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Bruno, E., B. Ginatempo, and E. S. Giuliano. "The Influence of Quasi-Particle Lifetimes and Electronic Topological Transitions on the Deviations from Vegard’s Rule in AG-PD Alloys." In Stability of Materials, 361–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0385-5_25.

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Butte, Nancy F. "Energy Requirements during Pregnancy and Consequences of Deviations from Requirement on Fetal Outcome." In The Impact of Maternal Nutrition on the Offspring, 49–71. Basel: KARGER, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000082593.

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Stein, Gilbert D. "Metal Cluster Beams and Electron Diffraction: Deviations from the Bulk States of Matter." In Contribution of Clusters Physics to Materials Science and Technology, 51–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4374-2_2.

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Fujigaki, Motoharu, Youhei Ashimura, Torn Matui, and Yoshiharu Morimoto. "Identification of Specimen Position and Orientation Using Standard Deviation of Intensity in Phase-Shifting Digital Holography." In Experimental Analysis of Nano and Engineering Materials and Structures, 595–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6239-1_295.

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Karsh, Pradeep Kumar, and Hari Singh. "Multi-Characteristic Optimization in Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of Inconel-625 by Using Taguchi-Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) Approach." In Design and Optimization of Mechanical Engineering Products, 281–303. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3401-3.ch014.

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Inconel 625 is a nickel-chromium based super-alloy which is mostly used in high end applications due to its excellent chemical and fabrication properties combined with high strength and outstanding corrosion resistance. Wire EDM is most commonly the used process for machining this material and gives high accuracy and precision in the machined parts. In this paper, an attempt is made to undertake an experimental investigation to optimize the input variables like pulse on time, pulse off time, peak current, and servo voltage in Wire EDM for achieving simultaneous optimization of cutting rate, surface roughness, dimensional deviation, and wire wear ratio. Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array with one replication has been used as an experimental design and then analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been applied to determine the significant parameters and their contributions on response variables. Taguchi method has been combined with grey relational analysis for multi-characteristic optimization. Finally, results are validated with the help of confirmation experiments.
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Conference papers on the topic "Material deviation"

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Huang, Yolin I., and William J. Bruchey. "Impact Simulation Plus Probability of Material Failure." In ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium collocated with the ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1995-0753.

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Abstract A study to investigate the probabilistic variation in material failure mechanics of a typical high hardness armor (HHA) impacted by a tungsten penetrator was conducted. The HULL package was patched for simulation studies. Results from two different sets of calculations, each with a different randomness level, showed a relationship between the final penetrator lengths (between stations) and the prescribed randomness. Since higher percent deviation is likely associated with the higher failure rate of the target material, thus, at lower percent deviations, there is less penetration into the target and more compression of the penetrator, resulting in a smaller final length. Hence, the relationship seems to be a result of the compressive state of the penetrator rather than a result of its erosion. This relationship is likely to be present also in a more rigorous calculation with a Lagrangian-based formulation.
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Zhou, Jiyan, Dong Huang, Guang Li, and Jian Deng. "Design of flexible material self-adaptive deviation-correcting system based on image processing." In 2017 16th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icocn.2017.8121271.

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Cai, Hui, Dunnan Liu, Long Zhou, and Tianqi Tang. "A Study on Grading Early Warning Model of Distribution Network Investment Deviation." In 2015 International Symposium on Material, Energy and Environment Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ism3e-15.2015.68.

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Ambastha, A., and I. Barman. "Application of Two-phase Deviation Factor to Material Balance Calculations For Gas-condensate Reservoirs." In Annual Technical Meeting. Petroleum Society of Canada, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/96-16.

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Gilles, Philippe, Alexandre Brosse, and Philippe Mourgue. "Large Ductile Tearing in Dissimilar Material Welds and Transferability Issues." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57898.

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Dissimilar Metal Welds (DMW) are required in nuclear reactors to join low alloy steel components and stainless piping. The thermal and mechanical mismatch between the dissimilar material characteristics favors the stress concentration in the weld along the austenitic/ferritic interface. Assessing the ductile tearing resistance of DMWs is an issue even for crack initiation. But predicting large crack extensions is even more difficult for several reasons: crack path deviation, J-R curve determination, transferability from specimen to structures. This paper presents an approach to determine the resistance curve of a DMW on the basis of a ductile tearing simulation using a cavity growth model.
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Nguyen, Dinh Son. "Towards a Geometric Deviation Model of Product in CAD Environment." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62437.

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Due to development of science and information technology, computer has become an effective and useful tool supporting for product design activities. The numerical model of product is quickly created in Computer-Aided-Design (CAD) environment by product designers. However, this model is a nominal model representing ideal geometric information of product. It is not able to cope with various kinds of disturbances during the whole product life-cycle, especially in manufacturing stage where geometric deviations of product are generated and accumulated by material property defects, manufacturing process errors, tooling deformation, etc. This is a limitation of the current product modeling technology. In addition, most of the simulations of product performance such as kinematics, dynamics, failure, etc., are carried out by using this nominal model. It can make the quality of the product designed not to fully meet the requirements of customers and users. Thus, the paper proposes a method that allows integrating geometric deviations of product in CAD environment. The aim is to deal with the above issues and to take into account various disturbances in product performance prediction.
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Ellis, Fred V. "Tensile Properties of Boiler Materials for FAD Based Failure Analysis." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1923.

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Failure assessment of components with crack-like flaws are performed using the Failure Assessment Diagram (FAD) approach. Both fracture toughness and tensile properties of the component material are required for the analysis. The temperature dependence for the tensile properties of yield strength, flow stress, and ratio of yield strength to ultimate tensile strength were studied. The yield/tensile ratio is used to estimate the strain hardening exponent. The materials include carbon steel, 1/2Cr to 9Cr-1Mo steels, 1CrMoV rotor material, and 422 stainless steel bolting material. The tensile data was from the NRIM data compilation. Least squares regression was performed for log of the tensile property as the dependent variable and a sixth order Chebyshev polynomials in temperature. In general, the fits were good based on comparisons of the observed and calculated, specifically the mean at each temperature, the standard deviation, and the R2 value. The distribution function was shown to be normal. Values for the regression coefficients and standard deviation in log Y are tabulated.
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Ellis, Fred V., and Robert L. Zielke. "Creep Constitutive Equations for 1CrMoV Bolt Material." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1312.

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Creep constitutive equations were developed for 1CrMoV bolt material using the NRIM creep data at temperatures of 450°C, 500°C and 550°C. The creep constitutive equations were those used by the ANSYS FEM stress analysis program. Three types of creep equations were developed: (1) primary, (2) secondary, and (3) primary plus secondary. The primary creep equation had a power law in stress and time with an exponential inverse temperature dependence. The secondary models for log minimum creep rate had either log stress alone or stress and log stress terms. Two primary plus secondary models were used: (1) a power law primary and (2) the rational polynomial. For the rational polynomial, the constant p was estimated as nineteen over the time to the end of primary creep. The time to end of primary creep was defined by the attainment of a low value for the ratio of the primary creep rate to minimum creep rate. The primary creep rate was calculated using the power law primary component of the power law primary plus steady state creep equation. To evaluate the fits, comparisons of calculated and observed creep curves were made as well as plots of residual in log creep strain. Based on these comparisons and the statistical measures (R2 and standard deviation), the derived creep equations were judged to be a good description of the creep behavior.
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Wang, H., N. Pramanik, U. Roy, R. Sudarsan, R. D. Sriram, and K. W. Lyons. "A Scheme for Transformation of Tolerance Specifications to Generalized Deviation Space for Use in Tolerance Synthesis and Analysis." In ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/dac-34146.

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Traditionally tolerances for manufactured parts are specified using symbolic schemes as per ASME or ISO standards. To use these tolerance specifications in computerized tolerance synthesis and analysis, we need information models to represent the tolerances. Tolerance specifications could be modeled as a class with its attributes and methods [ROY01]. Tolerances impose restrictions on the possible deviation of features from its nominal size/shape. These variations of shape/size of a feature could be modeled as deviation of a set of generalized coordinates defined at some convenient point on the feature [BAL98]. In this paper, we present a method for converting tolerance specifications as per MMC (Maximum Material Condition) / LMC (Least Material Condition) / RFS (Regardless of Feature Size) material conditions for standard mating features (planar, cylindrical, and spherical) into a set of inequalities in a deviation space for representation of deviation of a feature from it’s nominal shape. We have used the virtual condition boundaries (VCB) as well as tolerance zones (as the case may be) for these mappings. For the planar feature, these relations are linear and the bounded space is diamond shaped. For the other cases, the mapping is a set of nonlinear inequalities. The mapping transforms the tolerance specifications into a generalized coordinate frame as a set of inequalities. These are useful in tolerance synthesis, and analysis as well as in assemblability analysis in the generalized coordinate system (deviation space). In this paper, we also illustrate the mapping procedures with an example.
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Hutchison, Emily K., Philippa L. Moore, and Warren P. Bath. "SENT Stable Tearing Crack Path Deviation and its Influence on J." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45480.

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Abstract:
Crack path deviation in Single Edge Notch Tension (SENT) specimens, and its influence on the determination of J, has been investigated as part of the development of a new British Standard for SENT testing, BS 8571 [1]. Crack path deviation by angles up to 50° have been observed during stable tearing in parent material SENT specimens. This paper investigates the effect of crack path deviation on the measured fracture toughness, and offers a correction formula when crack path deviation invalidates the default standard J equations. Mixed mode effects in crack path deviation are also investigated. A parametric study using finite element analysis has been carried out to compare the value of J calculated using standard equations (which assume a straight crack propagation path) with the value of J calculated using the contour integral method for different levels of crack path deviation. Crack path deviation from the initial crack plane resulted in a non-conservative estimate of fracture toughness using the standard equations. This means that any SENT test exhibiting crack path deviation may need to be discarded, wasting valuable test specimens. Instead, a correction factor has been developed to adjust the calculated value of J if path deviation is observed.
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Reports on the topic "Material deviation"

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Bando, Rosangela, Sebastián Galiani, and Paul Gertler. Another Brick on the Wall: On the Effects of Non-Contributory Pensions on Material and Subjective Well Being. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003082.

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Public expenditures on non-contributory pensions are equivalent to at least 1 percent of GDP in several countries in Latin America and is expected to increase. We explore the effect of non-contributory pensions on the well-being of the beneficiary population by studying the "Pensiones Alimentarias" program established by law in Paraguay, which targets older adults living in poverty. Households with a beneficiary increased their level of consumption by 44 percent. The program improved subjective well-being in 0.48 standard deviations. These effects are consistent with the findings of Bando, Galiani and Gertler (2020) and Galiani, Gertler and Bando (2016) in their studies on the non-contributory pension schemes in Peru and Mexico. Thus, we conclude that the effects of non-contributory pensions on well-being in Paraguay are comparable to those found for Peru and Mexico and add to the construction of external validity.
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