Journal articles on the topic 'Material culture – Europe – History'
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1
Cruz, Laura, and Raffaella Sarti. "Europe at Home: Family and Material Culture." Sixteenth Century Journal 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20061754.
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Garver, Valerie L. "Material Culture and Social History in Early Medieval Western Europe." History Compass 12, no. 10 (October 2014): 784–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12193.
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Thirsk, Joan. "Review: Europe at Home: Family and Material Culture, 1500–1800." English Historical Review 120, no. 486 (April 1, 2005): 466–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cei151.
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Soergel, Philip, Anne L. McClanan, and Karen Rosoff Ancarnacion. "The Material Culture of Sex, Procreation, and Marriage in Premodern Europe." Sixteenth Century Journal 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20061718.
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Kuz’mina, Ol’ga V. "The Abashevo Culture." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 66, no. 4 (2021): 1206–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2021.411.
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The article is devoted to a brief description of the Abashevo culture. This culture emerged in forest areas of Eastern Europe at the end of the Middle Bronze Age. Abashevo monuments date back to the 22nd–19th centuries BC. It was the culture of cattle herders and metallurgists. The Abashevo culture is represented by barrow cemeteries, settlements, hoards and random finds. This article analyzes the funeral rites of the Abashevo culture. Several types of vessels are distinguished in the ceramic material, and their ornamentation is described (elements, motifs, composition, style). The article presents a typology of metal, bone and stone artifacts (weapons, tools, adornments, symbols of power). The Abashevo culture is represented by two local variants — in the Middle Volga (two territorial groups are known here — on the right and on the left banks of the Volga) and and in the South Ural. The origin of the Abashevo culture, most likely, had the character of transformation. It was based on cultures with Central European roots and local, Eastern European cultures. The end of the Abashevo culture is associated with the emergence of the Seyma-Turbino cultural group in Eastern Europe. The confrontation between the Abashevo and Seyma-Turbino military units led to the withdrawal of the Abashevo culture from traditional territory. In the new cultural environment, under the influence of the southern Ural variant of the Abashevo culture, Sintashta culture was formed. Pokrovka culture was formed under the influence of the Middle Volga variant of the Abashevo culture. Therefore, a significant role of the Abashevo culture in the formation of the Volga-Ural cultural genesis centre is evident.
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Calaresu, Melissa. "Introduction: The Material Worlds of Food in Early Modern Europe." Journal of Early Modern History 24, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342665.
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Abstract All of the articles in this special issue show the necessity of having to combine different kinds of sources—texts with images, images with objects, and objects with absences—to build an integrated history of the material worlds of food in the early modern period. They also reflect newer approaches to materiality which are sensitive to the relationship between matter and the senses and consider the haptic, visual, olfactory, and even aural aspects of cooking and eating alongside taste. In turn, the tastes of collectors and the fragility and absence of source material also need to be taken into consideration in order to write a meaningful cultural and social history of food. Despite the ephemeral nature of eating and cooking, this special issue shows that the sources studied by historians of material culture of the early modern period are remarkably rich, and their analysis fruitful.
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Wasiucionek, Michał. "Introduction: Objects, Circuits, and Southeastern Europe." Journal of Early Modern History 24, no. 4-5 (September 21, 2020): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342658.
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Abstract The scope of the paper is to provide the overview of the methodological developments that contributed to the growing interest in the nexus of material culture, circulation, and social networks, as well as the place of early modern Southeastern Europe, within the wider historiographical trends. To this end, it examines the very notion of Southeastern Europe and its impact on historical research in the region, while also providing a short discussion of the studies included in the issue.
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De Munck, B. "Artisans, Products and Gifts: Rethinking the History of Material Culture in Early Modern Europe." Past & Present 224, no. 1 (July 24, 2014): 39–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtu012.
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Houston, Robert A. "Material Culture and Social Practice: Archaeology and History in Understanding Europe’s ‘Celtic Fringe’." European Review 28, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798719000565.
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In recent years there has been a rapprochement between history and archaeology in Britain and Ireland. Two formerly quite distinct disciplines have learned to appreciate how documents and artefacts together can enrich our understanding of everyday life. Always important to understandings of classical, Dark Age, and medieval society, archaeology has also opened up new horizons for appreciating domestic and industrial buildings, burial patterns, urban morphology, land use and environment, and the consumption of both food and objects in the early modern period. I look at some recent research that has enhanced our knowledge of local, regional, national and transnational identities in a sometimes poorly understood ‘fringe’ area of Europe.
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Gerritsen, Anne. "From Long-Distance Trade to the Global Lives of Things: Writing the History of Early Modern Trade and Material Culture." Journal of Early Modern History 20, no. 6 (November 25, 2016): 526–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342521.
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Until quite recently, the field of early modern history largely focused on Europe. The overarching narrative of the early modern world began with the European “discoveries,” proceeded to European expansion overseas, and ended with an exploration of the factors that led to the “triumph of Europe.” When the Journal of Early Modern History was established in 1997, the centrality of Europe in the emergence of early modern forms of capitalism continued to be a widely held assumption. Much has changed in the last twenty years, including the recognition of the significance of consumption in different parts of the early modern world, the spatial turn, the emergence of global history, and the shift from the study of trade to the commodities themselves.
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Dixon, Laurinda S. "The Material Culture of Sex, Procreation, and Marriage in Premodern Europe (review)." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 77, no. 1 (2003): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2003.0011.
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Furholt, Martin. "Massive Migrations? The Impact of Recent aDNA Studies on our View of Third Millennium Europe." European Journal of Archaeology 21, no. 2 (September 28, 2017): 159–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2017.43.
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New human aDNA studies have once again brought to the forefront the role of mobility and migration in shaping social phenomena in European prehistory, processes that recent theoretical frameworks in archaeology have downplayed as an outdated explanatory notion linked to traditional culture history. While these new genetic data have provided new insights into the population history of prehistoric Europe, they are frequently interpreted and presented in a manner that recalls aspects of traditional culture-historical archaeology that were rightly criticized through the 1970s to the 1990s. They include the idea that shared material culture indicates shared participation in the same social group, or culture, and that these cultures constitute one-dimensional, homogeneous, and clearly bounded social entities. Since the new aDNA data are used to create vivid narratives describing ‘massive migrations’, the so-called cultural groups are once again likened to human populations and in turn revitalized as external drivers for socio-cultural change. Here, I argue for a more nuanced consideration of molecular data that more explicitly incorporates anthropologically informed mobility and migration models.
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Biagi, Paolo, Dmytro Kiosak, and Svetlana Ivanova. "Early Metal Ages Burial Grounds Chronology and Cultural Transmission: Some Examples from Southern Europe." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 323–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp222323345.
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The study of the Early Metal Age cultures of Europe has greatly improved during the last decades. New studies have been centered not only on aspects of the material culture and burial rites, but also on the chronology of the different complexes, their spread, eventually genetic evidence, and cultural transmission. Moreover, the study of the steppe zones of south-eastern Europe has improved thanks to the excavation and publication of new burial grounds and important settlement sites. This paper considers a few cultural aspects that made their appearance around the beginning of the Subboreal climatic period in northern Italy, among which is the so-called Chalcolithic Remedello Culture. As far as we can understand, not only the aDNA evidence, but also the presence of a few unique grave goods, including hammer-headed pins, suggest that some kind of intercultural relationship existed with south-eastern Europe, which the authors think are most probably due to cultural transmission.
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Pullat, Raimo, and Tõnis Liibek. "The inventory of Michael Meyer’s property (1758) as a reflection of a Tallinn (Reval) merchant’s material world during the Age of the Enlightenment." Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej 69, no. 4 (December 23, 2021): 497–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.23858/khkm69.2021.4.005.
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The inventory of Tallinn merchant Michael Meyer’s (1704–1758) property is one of the largest inventories of an 18th century citizen of Tallinn. Almost the entire world of his possessions is reflected in this unique source. The inventory provides a comprehensive picture of his success, lifestyle, and hobbies, and the diverse list of household items provides a good idea of a prosperous merchant’s home in northeast Europe in the 18th century. The unique body of sources (Michael Meyer’s will, property inventory, and auction reports) provides comprehensive insight into the development of Tallinn’s material culture, i.e., the material culture history of Northern Europe, during the century of Enlightenment.
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Moore, R. I. "At the Dawn of Modernity: Biology, Culture and Material Life in Europe after the Year 1000." English Historical Review 117, no. 471 (April 1, 2002): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/117.471.448.
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Jamroziak, Emilia. "The Historiography of Medieval Monasticism: Perspectives from Northern Europe." Religions 12, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12070552.
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The article provides a thematized discussion of the development of the historiography of European monasticism in northern Europe (north Atlantic, North Sea to the Baltic). Whilst it does not offer a comprehensive overview of the field, it discusses the significance of major currents and models for the development of monastic history to the present day. From focusing on the heritage of history writing “from within”—produced by the members of religious communities in past and modern contexts—it examines key features of the historiography of the history of orders and monastic history paradigms in the context of national and confessional frameworks. The final section of the article provides an overview of the processes or musealization of monastic heritage and the significance of monastic material culture in historical interpretations, both academic and popular.
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Casimiro, Tânia Manuel. "Globalization, trade, and material culture: Portugal’s role in the making of a multicultural Europe (1415–1806)." Post-Medieval Archaeology 54, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00794236.2020.1750239.
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Dombrowicz, M., P. Gruszka, and I. Jarecka. "Cultural heritage of Varna and its tourist recognisability in Europe." Acta Scientifica Naturalis 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/asn-2016-0009.
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Abstract Cultural heritage of the European civilization constitutes cultural and spiritual property of the ancestors, as well as current generations of the Varna city. It represents both material and non-material value, defines the European culture. It includes all the environmental consequences arising from the interaction between the man and the surroundings over the course of history. Assessment of tourist potential of Varna performed on 9-14th September, 2014, by the members of the “European Traveler” scientific circle, students of tourist and recreation, as well as heritage and culture tourism at Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, made it possible to identify the main points of tourist recognizability in relation to the city and region. The staid points are predominantly based on the unique cultural assets of the city and the region - in large measure related to the origins of the European civilization - as well as current cultural events organized in the city.
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Ivanov, Vladimir A. "Sedentarization of the Medieval Nomads of Eastern Europe: Understandings and Manifestations." Golden Horde Review 9, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 272–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2021-9-2.272-295.
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Research objectives: To demonstrate that, contrary to the opinion of many researchers of the history and culture of nomads during the Middle Ages, sedentarization (the transition from a nomadic to settled lifestyle) was neither an end in itself nor the result of a natural historical development of nomadic societies. Research materials: This study is based on a source analysis of archaeological data, medieval written sources, and the works of travelers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries who described the lifestyle and mentality of the Turkic and Mongol nomads who lived in the steppes of Eurasia at that time. Results and novelty of the research: Soviet researchers explained the gradual but sequential transition of nomads to a settled lifestyle through the methodology of a three-staged scheme: 1) the tabor stage represented by rare archaeological sites in the steppe; 2) the semi-nomadic stage with the appearance of stationary burial mounds and settlements in the steppe, which marked the places of nomadic wintering; 3) the stage of settlement with the appearance of nomadic burial grounds near cities and the deposition of elements of the material culture of nomads in the cultural layers of medieval cities. However, an in-depth analysis of traces of nomadic culture in the territory of the Bulgar and Golden Horde cities shows that they occupied an extremely insignificant place in the general complex of urban culture. Medieval narrative sources indicate the indifferent attitude of the bulk of nomads to cities. The observations of travelers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries confirm and supplement the information recorded by medieval authors. Historical, ethnographic, and sociological data of domestic and foreign researchers in the first half of the twentieth century indicate that the sedentarization of Kazakhs, Kalmyks, and Mongols was a consequence of the social policy of the Soviet government, which was interested in establishing strict control over nomads. As such, the author drew the following conclusions: 1) the “first stage of nomadism” was actually the migration of nomads in search of new habitats; 2) the “second stage” was the most natural and the only possible form of existence of nomadic communities in the natural and geographical conditions of the Eurasian steppes (those researchers are correct who thought and still think so); 3) there was no “third stage of nomadism” at all, since nomads cease to be nomads per se after their forced transition to this stage.
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Robb, John. "Prehistoric Art in Europe: A Deep-Time Social History." American Antiquity 80, no. 4 (October 2015): 635–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.80.4.635.
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Although many researchers have studied prehistoric European artthere has been virtually no attention paid to the broad prehistory of art as a specialized form of material culture: virtually all studies focus narrowly on single bodies of art. This paper presents a new approach to analyzing prehistoric art: quantitative deep time study. It analyzes a database of 211 art traditions from across Europe and from 40,000 B.C. to 0 AD.to identify changes in the amountnatureand use of prehistoric art. The results reveal clear long-term trends. The amount of art made increased sharply with the origins of sedentary farming and continued to rise throughout prehistory. New forms of art arise in conjunction with new ways of life: “period genres “ are closely tied into patterns of social change. There are also long-term shifts in aesthetics and the uses of art (such as a gradual shift from arts of ritual and concealment to arts of surface and display). These resultsthough preliminaryshow that a deep-time approach familiar from topics such as climate change is applicable to art; the resulting social history can illuminate both art and its social context.
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Stallybrass, Peter. "The Library and Material Texts." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 119, no. 5 (October 2004): 1347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812900101804.
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For the last three years, roger chartier and i have taught an undergraduate seminar called the history of print Culture in Early Modern Europe and America. Although the content of the course has changed, one feature has been persistent: at least half our classes met in the rare-book libraries of Philadelphia. While we have often held the seminar in Special Collections at the University of Pennsylvania, we have also gone to the Library Company of Philadelphia, the Free Library, and the Rosenbach Museum and Library. This would not have been possible without the extraordinary openness and generosity of the Philadelphia libraries and librarians. But the work of those librarians has not only provided an infrastructure for the course; it has also reshaped what we've worked on and how we teach it.
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Frynia, Łukasz. "Rola jedzenia w budowie mitu Austro-Węgier jako elementu tożsamości środkowoeuropejskiej." Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 12 (November 15, 2019): 38–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5613.
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This work deals with the problem of the self-identity of the inhabitants of Central and Eastern Europe, and their self-determination in relation to the Austria-Hungary. An important element of this issue is the mythologization of history, also cultural memory about the past that can be shown through the certain fragment of the anthropology of everyday life-cuisine and culinary culture. The Austro-Hungarian myth fixed in culture through cuisine becomes the material of regional identity. The paper contains main conclusions of the master thesis On the search of self-identity in Central and Eastern Europe. The role of cuisine in the construction of Austro-Hungarian myth.
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Poos, Lawrence R. (Lawrence Raymond). "At the Dawn of Modernity: Biology, Culture, and Material Life in Europe after the Year 1000 (review)." Technology and Culture 44, no. 3 (2003): 597–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2003.0127.
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Calaresu, Melissa. "Thomas Jones’ Neapolitan Kitchen: The Material Cultures of Food on the Grand Tour." Journal of Early Modern History 24, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 84–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342664.
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Abstract The Welsh painter, Thomas Jones, recorded in minute detail the prices, origin, and types of food and services for each day of his family’s stay in Naples from their arrival from Rome in 1780 to their departure for England in 1783. His “Italian account book” has not been studied before in any depth, except in relation to his activities as an artist. However, this “time-capsule” of a Grand Tour household provides an extraordinarily vivid entry into the material world of urban provisioning in one of the largest cities in eighteenth-century Europe, by linking the economy of the street to wider networks of provisioning from outside of the city. It also provides a better understanding of the extent of acculturation of British residents in Italy. Space, time, and the interconnectedness between the home and the street are central themes in this material culture analysis of food on the Grand Tour.
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Janković, Marko A. "The Concept of Romanization and its Role in the Constitution of the Classical Archaeologies of the Western Balkans." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 8, no. 3 (February 27, 2016): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v8i3.6.
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The traditional concept of Romanization has heavily influenced the methodology of research of the Roman monuments in Europe. The basic principles of the concept have been laid out by Theodor Mommsen, the German historian and an expert in epigraphy, who was the first to define the relationships between the Roman "civilization" and the local populations in his book The History of Rome. Mommsen presents a process in which two different political, economic and technological communities meet, and the inferior one is inevitably assimilated. Through the adoption of language, script, customs and material culture, the local communities become more Roman, i.e. they are romanized. This paradigm framework has fundamentally changed the way in which the researchers approach the Roman past. This was the first time that the material culture was explained inside archaeology as the discipline associated to history. The introduction of the concept of Romanization enabled the scholars to analyze the material culture in the context of everyday activities, regardless of their artistic value. Although this concept is a largely simplified view of the past, it has marked the Roman archaeology throughout the 20th century. At the moment when Mommsen's ideas are accepted and elaborated in Western Europe, the discipline of archaeology is formed in the Balkans, the first researchers are trained and the first modern archaeological researches are launched. The paper analyses the influence of his ideas upon the formation of Classical archaeology in Croatia and Serbia, two significantly different political contexts.
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Cruz, Jesus. "Building Liberal Identities in 19th Century Madrid: The Role of Middle Class Material Culture." Americas 60, no. 3 (January 2004): 391–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2004.0007.
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In recent years, most historians have abandoned the idea that the revolutions that shook the Atlantic world between 1776 and 1848 were the work of a single social class. A number of studies on the social composition of the groups that ignited and propelled the different revolutionary processes demonstrate the diversity of conditions and social backgrounds of the revolutionaries. However, this revisionism is posing new questions as to why these contingencies in Europe and the Americas decided to mobilize, to construct new liberal national states, and how they carried it out.Spain is a good sample case for this historiographical inquiry. At present, few historians accept the idea that the series of upheavals that brought about a new liberal state during the 19th century resulted from the exclusive pressure of a national bourgeoisie. Recent scholarship has revisited the classic bourgeois revolution paradigm by presenting liberalism as an ideology that captivated the imagination of Spaniards of a variety of social ranks, with special impact among urban middle and popular groups. But if Spanish scholars are providing better explanations regarding who embraced liberal ideas and facilitated their spread, the answers for the “why” and “how” this process occurred are, in my opinion, less convincing.
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Grigoriev, Stanislav A. "MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE SOUTHERN URALS DURING THE TRANSITION TO THE LATE BRONZE AGE." Ural Historical Journal 69, no. 4 (2020): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2020-4(69)-24-31.
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The article is devoted to the problem of identifying migrations on the base of archaeological and paleogenetic data during the transition from the Middle Bronze Age (MBA) to the Late Bronze Age (LBA) in the Southern Trans-Urals. It discusses the methodological problems of detecting migrations from archaeological sources. Their most reliable sign is the appearance in some area not of separate features, but a complex of features of material culture from some remote area, as well as those features that reflect the introduction of new social relations and religious ideas. Such a complex could not be borrowed, and it is a reliable sign of migration. During the transition to the LBA in the Trans-Urals, new cultures appeared (Sintashta, Petrovka, and Alakul) and the penetration of features is recorded that had previously been formed in the Near East and Eastern Europe. These features are irregularly distributed: those from the Near East — mainly in the Sintashta culture, and Eastern European and Near Eastern features form a mixture in the Petrovka and Alakul cultures. These archaeological data correspond exactly to the results of paleogenetic studies: a significant contribution of Anatolian farmers was revealed in the genes of the Sintashta population, and it decreases in the Andronovo genes in favor of the Yamnaya-Poltavka component.
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Rosset, François. "HOW TO STUDY LITERARY CULTURE IN THE ENLIGHTENMENT?" Wiek Oświecenia, no. 38 (September 25, 2022): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/0137-6942.wo.38.1.
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It has long been known which books were read most widely throughout enlightened Europe and to which intellectual authorities particular social groups referred. After the long history of research about the 18th century, modernity has also inherited various research habits consisting mainly of constant verification of the recognised hierarchy of authors, publications, and actors of intellectual life. However, the question remains: how to study this literary culture in given continent areas? Speaking of literary culture, we mean the prevailing patterns in the reception, evaluation, assimilation and imitation of literature, information and evaluation channels, local conditions that have a decisive influence on choices and opinions. The author proposes to speak about this matter based on the recently completed work on literary culture in French-speaking Switzerland in the 18th century. Despite its specificity and evident provincialism, this example provides material for a general, theoretical and methodological reflection: is it worth researching production from the second (and further) shelf? If so, how should this material be approached? What does it tell us about the evaluation procedures? The article presents and analyses these issues.
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Allen, Nancy S. "History of Western sources on Japanese art." Art Libraries Journal 11, no. 4 (1986): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200004867.
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Learning about Japanese art has been difficult for Westerners. Limited access, language barriers, and cultural misunderstanding have been almost insurmountable obstacles. Knowledge of Japanese art in the West began over 150 years before the arrival of Commodore Perry in 1853. Englebert Kaempfer (1657-1716), sent to Japan as a physician for the Dutch East India Company, befriended a young assistant who provided information for a book on Japanese life and history published in 1727. By 1850, more ethnographic information had been published in Europe. Catalogs of sales of Japanese art in Europe exist prior to 1850 and collection catalogs from major museums follow in the second half of that century. After the Meiji Restoration (1867) cultural exchange was possible and organizations for that purpose were formed. Diaries of 19th century travellers and important international fairs further expanded cross-cultural information. Okakura Kakuzo, a native of Japan, published in English about Japanese art and ultimately became Curator of the important collections of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. The advent of photography made visual images easily accessible to Westerners. Great collectors built up the holdings of major American museums. In the 20th century, materials written and published in Japan in English language have furthered understanding of Japanese culture. During the past twenty years, travelling exhibitions and scholarly catalogs have circulated in the West. Presently monographs, dissertations and translated scholarly texts are available. Unfortunately, there is little understanding in the West of the organization of Japanese art libraries and archives which contain primary source material of interest to art historians.
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Guoyi, Qin. "COLLECTING CHINA ART OBJECTS IN ENGLAND IN THE 19TH CENTURY." Articult, no. 3 (2022): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2227-6165-2022-3-18-24.
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In the article, in the form of a brief overview, the Chinese influence on European art, in particular on English art, in the 19th century is described. The history of the emergence of Chinese art in Britain is summarized, the main stages of collecting and their prominent representatives are described. The article describes such areas of art as porcelain, engravings, painting, architecture, shows a description of their influence on European art, gives the reasons for the appearance of Chinese art in Europe. This article corrects the current picture of the development of collecting, based mainly on English-language material. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the relationship of the studied cultures, the influence of Chinese culture on English is considered in the prism of social and political factors. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that the influence of Chinese art on the art of Europe depended on their position in the respective hierarchies: the higher the status of art in China, the less influence it had in Europe; and the higher the status of art in Europe, the less susceptible it was to Chinese influence.
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Sputnitskaya, N. Yu, and M. F. Kazyuchits. "Contemporary Approaches to the Study of Soviet and Post-Soviet Screen Culture. Based on the Material of 53rd ASEEES Congress, USA." Art & Culture Studies, no. 2 (June 2022): 106–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.51678/2226-0072-2022-2-106-137.
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The article is devoted to the study of the works of researchers from the USA, based on the material of the 53rd Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies (ASEEES) International Annual Congress, which belong to various branches of humanitarian knowledge, but directly related to the study of Soviet and modern screen culture in Russia or other countries (Eastern Europe, India, Cuba, etc.) that have experienced its direct or indirect influence. The interest in the research of American representatives of the humanities, whose share in the total number of participants in congresses is very significant, is due to the fact that for decades, full of dramatic trials, to which the cultural ties of the USSR/ Russia and the USA were subjected, the screen cultures of both countries mutually aroused close interest, although its background could be different. Numerous representatives of various branches of the humanities in the USA pay great attention to screen culture per se or as a source of valuable information about other segments of culture, society, politics, history, etc., especially to segments of feature and documentary films, animation, newsreels, television programs of various formats (TV series, information programs, journalistic programs, especially investigative journalism, etc.) and new media (social networks, especially YouTube, streaming). The article concludes with the conclusions obtained, including: the increased interest of the American scientific community in the study of the mechanisms of formation and reproduction of ideology, power in the history of the USSR/Russia; cardinal points of contrast between the social, political, and cultural agendas of modern Russia and the United States (and other foreign countries); search and analysis of crisis phenomena in society, culture, and politics of the USSR/Russia, reflected in the phenomena of screen culture.
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Іван Олександрович Бордюг. "JERZY GIEDROYC AND THE UKRAINIAN QUESTION IN THE COLD WAR PERIOD." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 5 (January 1, 2018): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.11182.
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Despite efforts of the Soviet Union authorities to make Ukraine an integral part, historical circumstances and prominent personalities have influenced preservation of memory of its history and political ambitions. The end of the Second World War led to redistribution of spheres of influence between the two superpowers. Their relationships for a long period were characterized as the Cold War. In difficult conditions of ideological and political confrontation, several emigrant centers were formed; Paris was one of the most influential ones. Prolonged journalistic and socio-political activity of a brilliant intellectual Jerzy Giedroyc is associated with the French center of Polish emigrationThe article deals with the main components of Jerzy Giedroyc' activity as the editor of the journal "Culture". In fact, until the destruction of the Soviet Union, the journal remained the most authoritative in émigré and dissident circles. On its pages there was an intense literary, historical and political debate, and the representatives of the opposition forces of the Warsaw Pact were able to publish their work.The particular Giedroyc' merit is associated with a new formulation of the Ukrainian issue and the formation of the circle of supporters of its ideas. Due to his conception, the idea of Ukraine statehood received special support; it joined the efforts of Ukrainians and Poles to implement independence. The cooperation of the editor of "Culture" with the Ukrainian emigration was extremely productive, the term "Executed Renaissance ", as well as the idea of creating an anthology of works of representatives of this generation, belong to him.Jerzy Giedroyc together with accomplices developed the conception of the Central and Eastern Europe transformation to overcome totalitarianism, establish peace and democratic order. The pages of "Culture" published material substantiating the conceptions of the federation of the countries of the Inter-Sea (a federation of territories between the three seas - the Adriatic, Baltic and Black).Jerzy Giedroyc’s ideas were condemned in socialist Poland, and they were absolutely seditious in the Soviet Union. Despite ambiguous attitude towards the idea of the Ukrainian independence among the Polish figures, gradually, thanks to Jerzy Giedroyc activity, it found support in opposition circles of Poland.The evidence of efficiency of Giedroyc’s activity was «The Declaration on the Ukrainian Cause» signed by the representatives of the Polish, Russian, Czech and Hungarian emigration in 1977. The declaration later became the basis for the establishment of the national states in the CEE.
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Horden, Peregrine. "At the Dawn of Modernity: Biology, Culture, and Material Life in Europe after the Year 1000 (review)." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 76, no. 4 (2002): 805–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2002.0183.
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Ivanova, O. M., E. A. Guriev, L. M. Bilalova, and I. S. Gareev. "Socio – cultural existence of modern East Mary subethnos." Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, no. 28 (February 21, 2020): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.28.04.35.
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The article deals with the history, traditions and way of life of sub-ethnic group of the Finno-Ugric tribes –the Eastern Maris, who are considered the "last pagans of Europe". Using specific ethnographic material, scientific and popular-scientific works, the authors showed the unique culture of the Eastern Maris sub-ethnos, pagan beliefs, preserved to date and reflecting people’s social existence, beauty of the traditions and essential national characteristics. The authors draw a conclusion that the Eastern Maris present an independent sub-ethnos tending to self-reproduction. Being amidst the powerful Slavic and Turkic civilizations, the Eastern Marian sub ethnos managed to maintain its national self-identity with some borrowings from neighboring cultures.
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Campbell, Stuart, Elizabeth Healey, Yaroslav Kuzmin, and Michael D. Glascock. "The mirror, the magus and more: reflections on John Dee's obsidian mirror." Antiquity 95, no. 384 (October 7, 2021): 1547–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2021.132.
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The obsidian mirror associated with the Elizabethan polymath and magus John Dee (1527–1608/1609) has been an object of fascination for centuries. The mirror, however, has a deeper history as an Aztec artefact brought to Europe soon after the Spanish conquest. The authors present the results of new geochemical analysis, and explore its history and changing cultural context to provide insights into its meaning during a period in which entirely new world views were emerging. The biography of the mirror demonstrates how a complex cultural history underpins an iconic object. The study highlights the value of new compositional analyses of museum objects for the reinterpretation of historically significant material culture.
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ZHILIUK, SERGEI A. "THE NIBELUNG MYTH IN LINGUISTICS AND CULTURE OF GERMANIC PEOPLES." Cherepovets State University Bulletin 2, no. 101 (2021): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/1994-0637-2021-2-101-4.
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The Lay of the Nibelungs is a prominent literature work dating back to the early 13th century. It is a result of almost 10 century evolution of the material going back into the early Middle Ages. The material was also used by other Germanic peoples for development of Scandinavian sagas, Faroese and Danish ballads. The texts representing the story of the Nibelungs mark different stages of social and cultural development of the relevant Germanic peoples and are of a special interest for the historians dealing with the social history of Europe. The Lay of the Nibelungs, however, content not only contemporary features, like courteous rituals, but also archaic ones deriving from ancient lays and tales which are left unknown to us. The 19th century saw growing influence of the myth of the Nibelungs on German society with de La Mott Fouquet and Wagner creating the most eminent works updating the ancient lay. In the 20th century the Nibelungs-mentality shaped some aspects of Nazi ideology and was widely discussed by the leaders of the Third Reich.
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Spinks, Jennifer. "The Southern Indian “Devil in Calicut” in Early Modern Northern Europe: Images, Texts and Objects in Motion." Journal of Early Modern History 18, no. 1-2 (February 11, 2014): 15–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342383.
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Abstract For sixteenth-century Europeans, the so-called demon and idol known as the “devil in Calicut” vividly epitomized the town of Calicut on India’s Malabar coast. Ludovico di Varthema’s textual invention of the devil in 1510 was rapidly followed by a range of visual images that circulated in print. This article explores how and why the most persistent and vigorous images of this devil emerged from Reformation and Counter-Reformation northern Europe. It further proposes that aspects of the visual and material culture of southern India—and specifically metal sculptures and coins—should be mined in order to better understand the European creation of the “devil in Calicut” and its constant reinvention and circulation. The article argues that the devil maintained its polemical usefulness to a northern European world view in which the heresy of non-Europeans mattered a great deal, but so too did religious changes in Europe that were shaping views about idolatry, materiality, and the role of religious images.
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FENNELLY, KATHERINE. "Materiality and the urban: recent theses in archaeology and material culture and their importance for the study of urban history." Urban History 44, no. 3 (July 11, 2017): 564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926817000256.
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Half a century on from Ivor Noel Hume's reference to archaeology as the ‘handmaiden to history’, historical-period archaeology has come quite a way. From disparate origins, in anthropological approaches to material and rescue archaeology in North America, and industrial and buildings archaeology in Britain and Europe, the sub-discipline has coalesced into a structured approach to the recent past. Hume's comment is often misinterpreted as a critique of archaeology's supposed inferiority to history, yet his comment actually refers to the potential for archaeological material to inform historical narratives, fill in gaps and populate the histories of non-literate peoples with a material culture. Unfortunately, overlap between the two disciplines is still in relatively short supply. In light of the recent material turn in the humanities, however, as well as an increased interest amongst historians and geographers in engaging with material culture, archaeological approaches to artifacts, sites and built heritage are in a strong position to inform methods for examining the historical material environment. Collaboration is now not only necessary, but timely, and this review of theses is an attempt to further that potential for co-operation amongst those who study the past. The doctoral theses reviewed here explore changes and developments in the modern city from a material perspective, evidencing both the breadth of approaches and the potential for research in the arts and archaeological sciences to stimulate new studies across different disciplines.
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Pelipenko, A. A. "Notes on Russian civilization." Voprosy kul'turologii (Issues of Cultural Studies), no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 94–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/nik-01-2102-01.
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Philosophical and cultural research on the place and role of Russian civilization and culture in the history of Europe and Asia. Based on the analysis of extensive factual material related to geographical, demographic, ethno-historical and other aspects of comparison, the author comes to the conclusion that it is impossible to be satisfied with reducing the fundamental historical-dialectical complementarity of the western and eastern civilizational systems to a simple sum of their features (it is also necessary to take into account the Byzantine influence). According to the author, in Russia, under the veil of monotheism, the dualistic, Manichean (in a broad sense) foundations of culture emerge with particular clarity.
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Bartlett, Robert. "Reviews of Books:At the Dawn of Modernity: Biology, Culture, and Material Life in Europe after the Year 1000 David Levine." American Historical Review 107, no. 1 (February 2002): 264–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/532222.
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Cook, Harold J. "Problems with the Word Made Flesh: The Great Tradition of the Scientific Revolution in Europe." Journal of Early Modern History 21, no. 5 (October 27, 2017): 394–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342568.
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Abstract The Great Tradition of writing about what came to be called The Scientific Revolution developed in the mid-twentieth century and helped to shape what came to be termed “early modern” Europe. At least two fundamental structural elements of the framework were that a small group of independent minds had been set free to grasp new truths, and that rivalries among many groups in Europe never allowed “European civilization” to achieve homeostasis, thus continuing to encourage innovation in conditions of freedom. It is worth noting, however, that the first of these structural elements had religious overtones that were important in the early stages of the Cold War, and that the second placed innovation within a tradition of great texts rather than material culture and practice. Both changed the earlier conversation of the 1930s, which had been about political economies, connecting the new history of science to a history that offered to explain European superiority on the basis of the search for truth. Recent developments in global history, which are rooted in economic histories, challenge such a framing. The brand-name of The Scientific Revolution is common and will remain a useful short-hand, but its meaning requires major revision and should not be limited to the history of Europe.
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Sundin, Jan. "Culture, Class, and Infant Mortality during the Swedish Mortality Transition, 1750-1850." Social Science History 19, no. 1 (1995): 117–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200017247.
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Until recently material factors had usually been regarded as the most important forces behind the great mortality decline in Western Europe during the last two centuries. Today, the discussion among historical demographers is much more diversified. Greater consideration is given to other factors than was previously. Predominant in several recent summaries is the argument that there was not one single cause of the mortality decline everywhere and in every age group (Brändstrom 1993; Health Transition Review 1991: 1-2; Mercer 1990; Schofield, et al., 1991; Sundin 1992a). One factor which has gained recognition especially in urban areas is the efforts by local and national agencies to improve hygienic conditions (Riley 1987). Cultural determinants of health have also received increased attention both in articles and monographs, especially in relation to mortality among infants and children (Johansson 1991; Preston and Haines 1991).
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Vybornov, Aleksandr, Filat Giljazov, Natalya Doga, Marianna Kulkova, and Bente Philippsen. "The Chronology of Neolithic-Eneolithic in the Steppe Zone of the Volga Basin." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 3 (June 2022): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.3.1.
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Introduction. The steppe zone of the Volga basin is interesting in connection with the study of the Orlovskaya, Cis-Caspian, and Khvalinskaya cultures. These cultures have an important significance for the prehistorical archaeology of Eastern Europe. The Orlovskaya culture is characterized by the appearance of the most ancient ceramics in the region, early signs of domestication are connected with the Cis-Caspian culture but the earlier metal items were found in the Khvalinskaya culture. Together with the main features of these cultures, the important question is a determination of reliable boundaries of them. From 2007 more than 60 radiocarbon dates were obtained. The basis consisted of the materials of the Varfolomeevskaya site. The most of dates had been done on the organics from ceramics. That was under dispute. Methods and materials. During the last eight years, more than 30 radiocarbon dates were obtained on the different organic materials (charcoal, animal bones, and food charred crusts) from new open stratified sites – Algay and Oroshaemoe. This set of dates gave the possibility to develop a reliable chronological schema for the Neolithic-Eneolithic in the region under consideration. The comparison of dates on the different organic materials has been done. Results. The chronological framework of the Orlovskaya culture, the Cis-Caspian culture of transition period and the Eneolithic Khvalinskaya culture for the steppe zone of the Volga basin was determined. The place of the Orlovskaya cultural antiquities among of Neolithic cultures of neighboring regions was established. The age of transitional Neolithic-Eneolithic Cis-Caspian culture with the earliest pieces of evidence of domestication in Eastern Europe was definite. The chronological framework of the Khvalinskaya Eneolithic culture in the steppe zone was considered and made the comparison with the Cis-Caspian culture. Authors’ contribution. A.A. Vybornov is prepared the archaeological part of the article and did analysis and their interpretation of the radiocarbon dates on the Neolithic of the steppe zone of the Volga basin. F.F. Giljazov collected all dates of the Orlovskaya culture of the Algay and Oroshaemoe sites. N.S. Doga did an analysis of dates of the Cis-Caspian and Khvalinskaya cultures on these sites. M.A. Kulkova obtained the radiocarbon dates for different layers of the Algay and Oroshaemoe sites and did the correlations on the different organic materials. B. Philippsen obtained the AMS dates on charcoal, bones, charred crusts and did their correlation.
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Smoluch, Łukasz. "Oskar Kolberg’s Study of the Musical Culture of the Hutsuls." Musicology Today 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/muso-2014-0014.
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Abstract Henryk Oskar Kolberg (1814–1890), a musician, composer, the greatest Polish ethnographer and one of the fathers of European ethnomusicology, collected over 20,000 folk songs, dances, and instrumental melodies from the territory of today’s Poland, Belarus, Ukraine and other Slavic countries. The musical culture of the Hutsuls was an object of Oskar Kolberg’s interest in the late 1870s and early 1880s. The research material related to this region was collected by Kolberg, similarly as in other regions, from two different types of sources. The core of his work consisted of field notes written down during his few trips to that region. Another way of collecting information for Kolberg’s publication included an extensive study of already published resources – historical and ethnographical works, collections of songs, short articles, etc. Kolberg’s study of the musical culture of the Hutsuls is a very valuable source for the history of the culture of this part of Europe.
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Valtin-Erwin, Leah. "A Bag for All Systems: Historicizing Shopping Bags in Eastern European Consumer Culture, 1980–2000." Journal of Contemporary History 57, no. 1 (November 18, 2021): 159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220094211057820.
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Amidst widespread shortages in the 1980s, consumers in late communist-era Eastern Europe strategically carried shopping bags with them everywhere in case an opportunity to pick up scarce goods arose. After 1989, the routine use of reusable string shopping bags declined in favor of single-use plastic bags provided in supermarkets. Over time, however, string bags were widely reconstituted as a popular nostalgic commodity. This paralleled, in reverse, the trajectory of plastic bags, especially those bearing Western branding, which had been desired but scarce commodities in the 1980s before postcommunist reforms rendered them ubiquitous. In this article, I argue that the shopping bag’s function as both an instrument of consumption and a potential commodity in and of itself helps us better historicize how late communist shortage, the rupture of 1989, and the ensuing period of change transformed the perception and memory of the role of material objects in late twentieth-century Eastern Europe. To ascertain how their embedded meaning and social function has been constantly repurposed, I analyze representations of shopping bags in print and media culture from the 1980s and 1990s as well as nostalgic sources created more recently, alongside anecdotes and recollections in academic and commercial texts.
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Thissen, Laurens. "New Insights in Balkan–Anatolian Connections in the Late Chalcolithic: Old Evidence from the Turkish Black Sea Littoral." Anatolian Studies 43 (December 1993): 207–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642976.
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The Northern Anatolian region under consideration here, the Bafra plain with its main site of Ikiztepe, and the Samsun area with Dündartepe, should be seen as a contact zone between Central Anatolia, the Balkans and the Eastern Aegean. Several items of material culture from Northern Anatolia can be linked with Southeast Europe, the islands off the coast of Western Turkey and Central Anatolia. These connections were established at least by the end of the fifth millennium B.C. Strong similarities in pottery and metal finds from North and Central Anatolian sites with the Cernavoda cultures in Romania indicate that close linkage did in fact continue into the third millennium B.C., thus giving proof of a long tradition. Here, only a small segment of this huge time-span, viz., the last quarter of the fourth millennium, equated with the last stretch of the Late Chalcolithic period, is my concern.
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DjeDje, Jacqueline Cogdell. "APPALACHIAN BLACK FIDDLING: HISTORY AND CREATIVITY." African Music: Journal of the International Library of African Music 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 77–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21504/amj.v11i2.2315.
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Discussions on Appalachian music in the United States most often evoke images of instruments such as the fiddle and banjo, and a musical heritage identified primarily with Europe and European Americans, as originators or creators, when in reality, many Europeans were influenced or taught by African-American fiddlers. Not only is Appalachian fiddling a confluence of features that are both African- and European-derived, but black fiddlers have created a distinct performance style using musical aesthetics identified with African and African-American culture. In addition to a history of black fiddling and African Americans in Appalachia, this article includes a discussion of the musicking of select Appalachian black fiddlers.
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Brather, Sebastian. "The Archaeology of the Northwestern Slavs (Seventh To Ninth Centuries)." East Central Europe 31, no. 1 (2004): 77–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633004x00116.
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AbstractTwenty years ago things seemed to be quite clear: several different groups of Slavs had invaded East Central Europe at some point during the sixth century, and all archaeologically identifiable, cultural characteristics pointed to a Slavic 'homeland' in Eastern Europe. More recent research, however, has shown this to be a rather simplistic view of the past. This paper is intended as an overview of the current archaeological research on the early Middle Ages that is responsible for the radical change of view of the last decade or so. Dendrochronology, new approaches, and the critical assessment of the historiography of the problem contribute now to a different understanding. The material culture - pottery, hillforts, settlement features, burials - can now be explained in terms of the contemporary situation in East Central Europe, i. e., the consolidation of settlement patterns, economic structures, and society. Exactly what that means for the debate about the 'origins' of the western Slavs remains a matter of further research and discussion.
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Watt, D. Cameron. "Women in international history." Review of International Studies 22, no. 4 (October 1996): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500118650.
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By now there is a very considerable volume of work on the general subject of women, women's rights, feminism and gender in international relations. This has both engendered and been engendered by the development of undergraduate and graduate courses and seminars on these themes. By contrast the allied discipline of international history has been slow to develop a parallel literature or courses. Courses in women's history per se have multiplied; there is a respectable literature and a number of equally respectable learned journals, not only in the Englishspeaking countries, but also in Western Europe. But their concern has been very much focused on the issues of women in each particular society; they have tended, that is, to develop the study of women within the study of the history of a particular country, political culture or linguistic region. Confronted with questions about the lack of similar courses in the history of international relations, historians drawn from both sexes have tended either to take them as a comic act or to indicate that in their view there is a lack of relevant material or issues adequate to justify any isolation of the topic from the more general themes of inter-state relations, with the great issues of peace and war with which as members of the discipline they are chiefly concerned.
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Yu., Gubar, and Lbova L. "The History of Pigment’s Studies of the Paleolytic (materials, methods, concepts)." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 33, no. 2 (2021): 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(2).-04.
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The paper presents an overview and assessment degree of various aspects of research and the use of dyes from archaeological complexes of the Middle and Upper Paleolithic in Africa, Europe, and North Asia. The key aspects of research have been identified: resource sources of raw materials, paint manufacturing technology, their use, and probable purpose. The regional features of the research are highlighted. Pigments from the collections of Africa’s sites are being studied comprehensively, with the consideration of the tool complex of the Middle Paleolithic sites. The studies of European Paleolithic pigments are primarily considered from the point of view of evidence of their use in symbolic activity, in the framework of a discussion about the emergence of symbolic behavior. Modern research on the territory of Eastern Europe and North Asia is focused on the study of the stability of pigments as an element of culture, pigment manufacturing technology based on the study of the structure and chemical composition of paints. Keywords: history of study, pigments, Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, ochre, sign behavior Acknowledgements: This work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (No. 18–78–10079 “Development of Technologies and an Information System for Documenting and Scientific Exchange of Archaeological Data”).