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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Material conservation'
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1
Eastop, Dinah. "Stuff happens : a material culture approach to textile conservation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/169895/.
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Textile conservation, defined here as the preservation, investigation and presentation of textiles, is often viewed largely as a technical and aesthetic problem. This research develops an alternative view by understanding objects as being subject to both material and social change. The dynamic aspects of this material and social process is emphasised as ‘stuff happens’. This research proposes, and provides evidence for, a material culture approach to textile conservation, and demonstrates its development and application. An analysis of case studies shows how the material and the social interact at the point of assessment and intervention. Examination of the material aspects of textile conservation reveals that social values influence decision-making. Values held at the time of conservation are shown to depend on the categories used. Investigation of these categories demonstrates that any anomalous quality of the textile undergoing conservation allows for contestation of social values. As values change over time, analysis of each conservation assessment and intervention reveals a comparison of values held at different times viewed retrospectively. The resulting approach is centred on the interaction between things, persons and language where each mediates relations of the others. It is argued that this material culture approach enhances understanding of the dynamic material and social environment of textile conservation principles and practices.
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Jeffcoate, Carol S. "Conservation treatments for corroded aluminium." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390285.
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Singh, Harmeet. "Discontinuities, Balance Laws, and Material Momentum." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86664.
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This dissertation presents an analytical study of a class of problems involving discontinuities, also referred to as shocks, propagating through one dimensional flexible objects such as strings and rods. The study entails interrogation of the classical balance laws of momentum, angular momentum, and energy across propagating discontinuities. A major part of this dissertation also concerns itself with a non-classical entity called the ``material momentum''. The balance of material momentum is studied in a variational context, where both the local and singular forms of it are derived from an action principle.
A distinguishing aspect of discontinuities propagating in continua is that, unlike in the bulk, the balance of momentum and angular momentum are not sufficient to describe their mechanics, even when the discontinuities are energy conserving. In this work, it is shown that the additional information required to close the system of equations at propagating discontinuities can be obtained from the singular form of energy balance across them. This entails splitting of the energy balance by its invariance properties, and identifying the non-invariant and invariant part of the source term with the power input and energy dissipation respectively at the shock. This approach is in contrast with other treatments of such problems in the literature, where additional non-classical concepts such as ``material momentum'' and ``configurational force'' have been invoked.
To further our understanding of the connections between the classical and non-classical approaches to problems involving discontinuities, a detailed exposition of the concept of material momentum is presented. The balance and conservation laws associated with material momentum are derived from an action principle. It is shown that the conservation of material momentum is associated with the material symmetry of the continuum, and that the conditions for the conservation of physical and material momentum are independent of each other. A new classification of the deformed configurations of the planar Euler elastica based on conserved quantities associated with the spatial and material symmetry of the rod is proposed. The manifestation of the balance of material momentum in seemingly unrelated fields of research, such as fracture mechanics, ideal fluids, and the mechanics of rods with discontinuities, is also discussed.Ph. D.
One dimensional flexible bodies such as strings and rods can exhibit fascinating and counterintuitive behavior when they interact with rigid obstacles. For instance, a chain falling on a rigid surface falls faster than it would have if it were falling freely. When one end of a long chain piled up in a container placed at an elevation is pulled across the rim and let go, the chain flows out of the container like a water fountain. Discontinuities in the cross-sectional properties of an elastic rod contained in a curved frictionless channel can result in the generation of forces that propel the rod along the channel. Such counterintuitive phenomena are a consequence of the physics taking place at the point of partial contact where the flexible body comes in contact with a rigid surface. The purpose of this dissertation is to study the mechanics of such points of discontinuity. Several such phenomena where effectively one dimensional bodies interact with rigid surfaces are all around us. A familiar example is the peeling of an adhesive tape, where the peeling front qualifies as a point of discontinuity propagating through the tape as the peeling progresses. A good understanding of the mechanics of the peeling front is crucial in estimating the strength of the adhesive. Another such example of practical importance is a mooring line being placed on the seabed. In such situations, the existence of a reaction force acting at the touchdown point depends on whether or not the cable develops a kink at that point. Similar questions of importance can be asked in the context of deployment and unspooling of space tethers. In this dissertation, an analytical study of the general physics of the phenomena described above is presented. Standard theoretical tools of classical physics are employed to understand the mechanics of points of partial contact between flexible and rigid bodies. The conditions under which a flexible body could experience sharp changes in its geometry (e.g. a kink) at such points are investigated. In addition to that, we explore the implications of a nonclassical law of physics called the balance of “material momentum” in the context of such problems.
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Waentig, Friederike. "Plastics in art a study from the conservation point of view." Petersberg Imhof, 2002. http://d-nb.info/989014312/04.
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O'Grady, Caitlin Rose. "Journeys of Our Ancestors: Conservation Science Approaches to the Analysis of Cultural Material." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194219.
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The application and use of non-destructive portable x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is a critical tool in the preservation and interpretation of cultural material. Portable XRF instrumentation produce elemental compositional data that is used to reconstruct current artifact composition, which can be related to materials and methods of manufacture, technological practice, as well as object condition and presence of corrosion surfaces. Portable XRF analysis is used to assess a variety of material classes utilized in artifact manufacture. The dissertation research is based on a series of three case studies that represent typical groups of material culture commonly encountered in conservation and conservation science research.Conservators and conservation scientists frequently undertake analysis and interpretation of disparate groups of materials. Often, these objects are tied together by research questions or themes directed by outside influences including preservation issues requiring action; curatorial research interests; museum exhibition programs; as well as many other cultural heritage stakeholders. To this end, both non-destructive and destructive tools that provide measurements of interest play critical roles in analysis. The case studies have been designed to answer common compositional questions relating to (a) bulk analysis of Chinese coins, (b) characterization of Southwestern ceramic colorants, and, (c) chemical examination of post-depositional manganese dioxide accretions occurring on archaeological ceramic materials. They evaluate the value of data produced using effectiveness of non-destructive portable XRF analysis for the interpretation of archaeological materials. The case studies provide a template for the development of conservation science research, predicated on object preservation, which produce meaningful data for the interpretation and conservation of the analyzed archaeological artifacts. Portable XRF provides useful data that is used to successfully interpret archaeological materials through (a) classification of metal alloys that can be related to published coin data, (b) identification of ceramic colorants and production technologies, and, (c) characterization of post-depositional product composition when used with established visual typologies.
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Snowden, M. E. "Studies of corrosion inhibitors for the conservation of mild steel artefacts'." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247648.
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Sanchez, Aida Cuni. "Predicting suitable areas for cultivation and conservation of the baobab tree and investigating superior sources of planting material." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/196555/.
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The baobab tree (Adansonia digitata L.), with more than 300 uses and commercial value in EU and US, has been identified as one of the most important edible savannah trees to be conserved, domesticated and valorised in Africa. A decline in baobab populations due to overexploitation and/or changes in climate could have a significant negative effect on African livelihoods. Therefore, it is important to determine potential strategies for conservation and cultivation. The present and potential future distributions of the baobab tree were studied using Maxent niche modelling framework. And, in order to contribute to the selection of superior materials for cultivation, fruit morphology was studied in situ (in Malawi and Mali) while leaf and seedling morphology were studied in situ (in Benin and Malawi) and in a greenhouse experiment. Maxent modelling suggests that predicted changes in climate will have a negative effect on baobab tree distribution in Africa: only a percentage of the present distribution was predicted to be suitable in the future. Some countries were found not to have any suitable habitats for the baobab tree in the future. Several conservation strategies are recommended, such as in situ conservation in Protected Areas; ex situ conservation in Seed Banks and conservation through ‘sustainable utilisation’. Modelling results also showed that the baobab tree could be widely cultivated in most countries in south-eastern Africa and in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of West Africa. India, north-west Australia, Madagascar, north-east Brazil and Mexico could be other suitable places for cultivating the baobab tree outside Africa. Although results from modelling should be validated with in situ seedling experiments, there seems to be potential for the wide cultivation of this species. Significant differences in leaf, fruit and seedling morphology were observed between Benin, Mali and Malawi and also within each country. While some characteristics were correlated with environmental differences between study sites, others might be genetically determined. It seems that genetic and physiological effects play a role in baobab fruit, leaf and seedling morphology. Thus, there is room for selecting high quality baobab planting materials
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Wain, Leonie Alison, and n/a. "Investigating the condition of organic coatings on metals: electrochemical evaluation techniques in a conservation context." University of Canberra. Resources, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050726.144111.
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Electrochemical techniques have potential for use in conservation, both to evaluate the
protectiveness of existing coatings on metal artefacts and to evaluate potential new conservation
coatings. Three electrochemical methods have been examined in this study for
their applicability to conservation problems. Corrosion Potential Measurement is simple
but provides only minimal information on the corrosion processes occurring in an electrochemical
system. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy provides both mechanistic
and predictive information on coating performance, but the data are complex to interpret
and measurements require equipment that is at present too bulky for effective on-site use
and beyond the budget of most conservation laboratories. Electrochemical Noise Measurement
can be performed using cheap, portable instrumentation and theoretically requires
relatively simple statistical processing and interpretation, making it attractive for
conservation applications. This project looks at the development of a simple, low cost
electrochemical noise measurement system for conservation needs, and uses it to compare
Electrochemical Noise Measurement with the other two techniques.
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Koleini, Farahnaz. "Metals from K2 and Mapungubwe : a technological study of early second millennium material culture, with an emphasis on conservation." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30916.
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This thesis focuses on the conservation of iron and copper objects that mostly belong to the Iron-Age sites of K2 and Mapungubwe (825-1290 AD), the two most prominent archaeological settlements in the middle Limpopo valley area of northern South Africa. For the purpose of conservation three main objectives were considered during this study which consisted of revealing the material and methods of fabrication, evaluating physical and chemical stability, and preservation. The selected objects were in four main categories, namely round wire, strip, plate and implements, and were in various states of preservation, from heavily to low corroded. This thesis consists of seven chapters that are based on these objectives.
Chapter 1, introduction, provides a short introduction to the study, presents the study objectives, a brief history of the investigation of the sites, some archaeological interpretations and a discussion on the metallurgy of the objects made by the inhabitants.
Chapter 2, methodology, contains analytical methods and principles which were used in gathering and management of the data.
Chapters 3 and 4 present a discussion of the methods of manufacture of the selected artefacts as well as their physical stability. In these chapters the iron and copper artefacts were respectively studied by the use of non-destructive methods such as neutron tomography and microscopy. Here, a new quantitative technique in estimating the corrosion percentage by utilizing neutron tomograms and IMAGEJ software was introduced. Some of the objects with ambiguity in their fabrication, such as iron hoes or copper bangles with a central longitudinal void, were sampled destructively for metallography examination and further chemical analyses. In the case of the manufacture of native objects the outcomes confirmed the results of previous researches. Meanwhile new light was shed regarding signs of a new technique used in the production of some type of round wire on Mapungubwe Hill (strip-drawing). In the case of the round wires that were used in the manufacture of the bangles finding the definite method of manufacture was problematic.
In Chapter 5 the chemical stability and the deterioration process of the artefacts were studied with consideration of both the corrosion composition as well as the effects of environmental conditions on their formation. It indicated hydroxyl (OH-) was the prominent ions in the corrosion of iron although a high amount of soluble chloride ions were detected in the burial environment in K2. In the case of copper artefacts, both chloride and hydroxyl ions were effective in corrosion and the objects were mostly subjected to severe bronze disease. This information was gathered using analytical techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, XRD and SEM-EDS.
In Chapter 6 the suitable and practical conservation methods were presented. These methods consisted of both interventive and preventive conservation and were designed on the basis of the chemical and physical stability of the objects and environmental condition in the museum and in the storage facility.
In chapter 7 (conclusion) a summary and the results of the study was presented which formed the final part of the thesis.Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Anthropology and Archaeology
DPhil
Unrestricted
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Dode, Susana dos Santos. "A preservação de vestígios metálicos arqueológicos do século XIX provenientes de campos de batalha do sul do Brasil e Uruguai." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2016. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/2935.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - FAPERGS
A grande quantidade de material arqueológico metálico depositado nas instituições de guarda do sul do Brasil e do Uruguai, provenientes de campos de batalha e a constante perda desses materiais e das informações associadas a eles, tem sido motivo de preocupação dos gestores destas instituições. Este trabalho visa contribuir para a conservação e a musealização desses materiais, bem como conscientizar seus gestores, e pesquisadores em arqueologia da importância da presença do conservador arqueológico em todas as etapas que envolvem a pesquisa arqueológica. A metodologia empregada constou de revisão bibliográfica, aplicação de procedimentos de conservação curativa e preventiva em uma série de materiais provenientes de campo de batalha, que se encontrava em risco decorrentes do péssimo estado de armazenamento nas respectivas instituições. Os procedimentos resultaram na recuperação desses materiais que se encontram em condições de serem estudados por futuras gerações de pesquisadores e apresentados para a sociedade em geral.
There is a large amount of archaeological metallic material stocked safeguard institutions in the south of Brazil and Uruguay. They come mostly from battlefield sites and the loss of information associated with them has been a constant worry for managers in those institutions. This work intent to contribute for the conservation and the musealization of those materials, and also to create an awareness for the managers in order to maintain the presence of an archaeologist and/or conservator in these places and participation in all the stages that encompass the archaeological research. The methodology used was a bibliographic revision, the application of curative and preventive conservation procedures in a series of materials from a battlefield site that were in risk due to the big storage issues in their respective institutions. The procedures resulted in a recovery of those materials that are now in a condition to be studied by the next generations of researchers and presented to the public in general
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Steiner, Linda. "DEVELOPMENT OF A WEB BASED EDUCATION MATERIAL TO HORSE OWNERS CONCERNING FEED SAFETY AND HYGIENIC QUALITY IN HORSE FEEDS." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9174.
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The most common disease causing elements in feed is of microbial nature. Therefore it is of great importance for horse owners to be familiar with the fundamental requirements for microbial growth in feeds and the problems that can originate in case of insufficient handling. However, horse owners are not organized in a way that makes it easy to reach them with information as a target group. Additionally, most horse owners only have one horse and limited possibilities for education in feed safety. Thus, there is need for an easy accessed education material that is explicitly directed towards horse owners. The fundamental content of such an education material was composed in this project. Focus was on the importance of good microbial quality in horse feed and the material was structured into three chapters; FEED SAFETY, MICROORGANISMS IN FEEDS and CONSERVATION, STORING AND FEEDING. The aim was to publish the material as part of a larger web based education package on the web page, http://www.sva.se of the Swedish National Veterinary Institute. The basic structure for such a web education was also composed in this project.
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Pfirsching, Marion [Verfasser]. "A multi-scale model for material flow problems based on a non-local conservation law: simulation and optimization / Marion Pfirsching." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162768134/34.
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McElhinney, Peter J. "The Organic Material Culture of Western Ulster: An Ethno-historical and Heritage Science Approach." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18589.
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This research attempts to describe the material culture of the Gaelic labouring classes living in western Ulster in the Late Medieval period. The research combines ethnohistorical contextual and technical scientific analysis of ‘chance’ finds discovered in the region’s bogs. Technical analysis dates fifteen museum objects, characterises the materials from which they were made, and explores their cultural significance. Absolute dating indicates that one third of the 15 objects analysed relate to the Gaelic lordships of late medieval western Ulster, with the remainder reflecting aspects of Iron Age and Post-Medieval material culture and related cultural pracrices. Contextual analysis of the later medieval objects and their find locations provides new insights into Gaelic Irish culture and landscape interactions in this period and place. In addition, the research explores the trajectory of indigenous materiality in western Ulster beyond the Late Medieval period. To this end, the thesis examines the relationship between Late Medieval indigenous materiality, and the folk material culture that emerges in western Ulster in the Modern period.Heritage Consortium, Arts and Humanities Research Council (UK)
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Heljeback, Mikael. "Bits & Bobs : Finds from a research excavation of Birka’s rampart: A study with focus on material distribution and metal conservation." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-187127.
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In the spring of 2018, a prospection and subsequent research excavation of a previously unstudied area related to the rampart of the Viking age town of Birka, Sweden, was undertaken by students and professors from the archaeological science department affiliated with Stockholm University.The purpose of this paper is to examine and categorise the various excavated finds, the ensuing conservation and preservation of the metal objects as well as to investigate the context and possible function of the site regarding the spatial distribution of said finds.The main method used is that of metal conservation with the wet-chemical technique EDTA; a method that was deemed adequate for the treatment of the dry metal finds from the rampart excavation.The conservation and categorisation suggest that the metal posts consist of assorted metal objects, predominately rivets and nails as well as unidentified fragmented objects; the occasional slag fragment was evident. The material category of clay and ceramics contains assorted burnt clay and ceramic sherd fragments, some with decoration. Whetstone (or hone stone) and flint fragments make up most of the stone finds while the category of glass consists of a few bead fragments. The bulk of the osteological material consists of burnt and unburnt animal bones, some with slaughter marks in the form of cuts and hacks. Two human bone fragments were found; a humerus- and cranial fragment.Post holes and charcoal in the context of the rampart suggests the possibility of wooden supports and/or a superimposed wooden structure on the rampart itself that likely burnt at some point in time. The interpretation of the excavated area, based on the distribution of the finds and material categories, is that of a dumping site for discarded town refuse, most likely set against or near a walled construction; the rampart. The dating of the site is based on object similarities as well as stratigraphy and set to; Early to Late Viking Period, c. A.D. 820-1000(1150).The analyses, materials and the stratigraphy of the site together with a contextual analysis of the objects in question furthers the knowledge of Birka’s rampart and will enable future scientific inquiries into this specific rampart as well as similar fortification structures.
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Liberati, Blake P. "Removal of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material From Flowback/Produced Water From the Hydraulic Fracturing Process." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1438968751.
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Dingwall, Austin Gregory. "Testing the impact of using cumulative data with genetic algorithms for the analysis of building energy performance and material cost." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45952.
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The demand for energy and cost efficient buildings has made architects and contractors more aware of the resources consumed by the built environment. While the actual economic and environmental costs of future construction can never be completely predicted, energy simulations and cost modeling have become accepted ways to guide the design and construction process by comparing possible outcomes. These tools are now commonplace in the construction industry, and researchers are continuing to develop new and innovative strategies to optimize building design and construction. Previous research has proven that genetic algorithms are effective methods to evaluate and optimize building design in situations that contain a large number of possible solutions. The technique makes a computationally difficult multi-optimization process possible but is still a reactive and time consuming process that focuses on evaluation rather than solution generation. This research presented in this paper builds upon established multi-objective optimization techniques that use an energy simulator to estimate a conceptual building’s energy use as well as construction cost. The study compares simulations of a simplified model of a 3-story inpatient hospital located in Atlanta, Georgia using a defined set of variables. A combined global minimum of annual energy consumption and total construction is sought after using a method that utilizes a genetic algorithm. The second phase of this research uses a modified approach that combines the traditional genetic algorithm with a seeding method that utilizes previous results. A new set of simulations were established that duplicates the initial trials using a slightly modified set of design variables. The simulation was altered, and the phase one trials were utilized as the first generation of simulated solutions. The objective of this thesis is to explore one method of making energy use and cost estimating more accessible to the construction industry by combining simulation optimization and indexing. The results indicate that this study’s proposed augmented approach has potential benefits to building design optimization, although more research is required to validate this hypothesis in its entirety. This study concludes that the proposed approach can potentially reduce the time needed for individual optimization exercises by creating a cumulative, robust catalog of previous computations that will inform and seed future analyses. The research was conducted in five general stages. The first part defines the research problem and scope of research to be conducted. In the second part, the concepts of genetic algorithms and energy simulation are explored in a comprehensive literature review. The remaining parts explain the trial simulations performed in this study. Part three explains the experiment’s methodology, and part four describes the simulation results. The fifth and final part looks at what the possible conclusions that can be made from analyzing the study’s results.
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Neff, Delphine. "Du nucléaire à la conservation du patrimoine - Compréhension des mécanismes de corrosion des alliages ferreux sur le long terme grâce à la caractérisation multi-échelles." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00741750.
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Les phénomènes de corrosion des métaux tels que les aciers présentent une grande variabilité en fonction des milieux d'altération (aqueux aéré et désaéré, atmosphère, liants et béton...) et des durées prises en compte. Dans le cadre de mes activités de recherche, afin d'appréhender ces mécanismes sur le très long terme il a été choisi d'étudier des objets archéologiques corrodés sur plusieurs dizaines à centaines d'années. Cet axe de recherche est en effet crucial dans plusieurs domaines d'applications, allant de la conservation des objets du patrimoine culturel aux études menées pour l'entreposage et le stockage des déchets radioactifs en milieu géologique profond. Dans ce domaine les objets archéologiques constituent des analogues sans équivalents pour la corrosion des éléments en acier constitutifs de la multibarrière destinée à séparer les radioéléments de la biosphère. La caractérisation des systèmes de corrosion a été menée grâce à une méthodologie d'étude basée dans un premier temps sur le couplage de techniques de caractérisation des matériaux multi-échelles (MEB-EDS, , microspectroscopie Raman, microXRD, XAS sous rayonnement synchrotron...) donnant des informations sur la localisation, la morphologie, la composition et la structure des phases cristallines présentes dans une couche de produits de corrosion. Par ailleurs les études des processus réactionnels et de la réactivité chimique ou électrochimique des systèmes à l'aide de remise en corrosion de ces objets archéologiques en milieu marqué (D2O, O18) ou sous sollicitations externes (chimique, électrochimique) ont mis en évidence des phénomènes à l'échelle micrométrique contrôlant les processus de corrosion d'objets archéologiques. Les perspectives de mes recherches sont d'une part l'étude de nouvelles perturbations des processus de corrosion telles que la présence de bactéries dans le milieu, l'étude des processus à l'échelle nanométrique (MET, STXM) mais également sur le plan méthodologique, le développement de nouvelles approches analytiques basées sur la combinaison de méthodes d'imagerie de morphologie (MEB-FEG), de composition (EDS), de structure (µXRD sous rayonnement synchrotron) ou hyperspectrale (microspectroscopie Raman) afin de déterminer la synergie des phénomènes nano et microscopiques à l'échelle d'un objet. L'ensemble de ces études devra conduire à d'une part développer les protocoles de diagnostic, de conservation et de traitement des objets culturels ferreux et d'autre part conforter les modèles mécanistiques mis en place pour le dimensionnement des éléments ferreux inclus dans les dispositifs de stockage des déchets radioactifs.
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Perrault-Archambault, Mathilde. "Who manages home garden agrobiodiversity? : patterns of species distribution, planting material flow and knowledge transmission along the Corrientes River of the Peruvian Amazon." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83198.
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Agrobiodiversity constitutes an essential resource for traditional rural populations. Home gardens are "hotspots" of agrobiodiversity and important loci of in situ conservation efforts. This study seeks to understand the factors affecting gardeners' choices and to assess the accessibility of planting material in rural communities of the Peruvian Amazon. Household surveys and garden inventories conducted in 15 villages of the Corrientes river (n = 300), and case studies in three of these villages (n = 89), allowed to describe the local and regional patterns of garden agrobiodiversity and the structure of planting material exchange networks. Analyses reveal a strong link between species diversity and both household cultural and socioeconomic characteristics, and village ethnicity and size. Planting material flows primarily through matrilineal bonds, from advice-givers to advice-seekers, from old to young and from rich to poor. Farmers with exceptional species diversity, propensity to give and/or expertise are identified and their role in the conservation of cultivated plants is assessed. Expertise is not found to be as closely related to high species diversity as expected, but knowledge and planting stock dissemination go hand-in-hand.
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Bhairappanavar, Shruti. "POTENTIAL USE OF DREDGED MATERIAL - CEMENT BRICKS IN THE DESIGN OF SUSTAINABLE INTEGRATED GREEN WALL." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1532967974666973.
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Tekin, Hasan Fehmi. "A Theory Of Dropwise Condensation." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606787/index.pdf.
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Klokkernes, Torunn. "Skin processing technology in Eurasian reindeer cultures : a comparative study in material science of Sàmi and Evenk methods : perspectives on deterioration and preservation of museum artefacts : PhD thesis /." Rudkøbing [Denmark] : Langelands Museum, 2007. http://www.langelandsmuseum.dk/LMR%20Press/2007%20Klokkernes%20-%20Skin%20Processing%20LMR-PRESS.pdf.
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Mohiuddin, Mohammed Salman. "Membrane-Based Energy Recovery Ventilator Coupled with Thermal Energy Storage Using Phase Change Material for Efficient Building Energy Savings." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404519/.
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This research work is focused on a conceptual combination of membrane-based energy recovery ventilator (ERV) and phase change material (PCM) to provide energy savings in building heating, ventilation & air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. An ERV can recover thermal energy and moisture between the outside fresh air (OFA) entering into the building and the exhaust air (EA) leaving from the building thus reducing the energy consumption of the HVAC system for cooling and heating the spaces inside the building. The membranes were stacked parallel to each other forming adjacent channels in a counter-flow arrangement for OFA and EA streams. Heat and moisture is diffused through the membrane core. Flat-plate encapsulated PCM is arranged in OFA duct upstream/downstream of the ERV thereby allowing for further reduction in temperature by virtue of free cooling. Paraffin-based PCMs with a melting point of 24°C and 31°C is used in two different configurations where the PCM is added either before or after the ERV. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and heat and mass transfer modeling is employed using COMSOL Multiphysics v5.3 to perform the heat and mass transfer analysis for the membrane-based ERV and flat-plate PCMs. An 8-story office building was considered to perform building energy simulation using eQUEST v3.65 from Department of Energy (DOE). Based on the heat and mass transfer analysis, it is found that the sensible effectiveness (heat recovery) stood in the range of 65%-97% while the latent effectiveness (moisture recovery) stood at 55%-80%. Also, the highest annual energy savings achieved were 72,700 kWh in electricity consumption and 358.45 MBtu in gas consumption.
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Engerdahl, Tomas. "Tools of the Trade : An analysis using conservation and SEM of the context and iron material from the excavation of House X in the city block Humlegården 3 in Sigtuna." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-82870.
Full textAbstract:
Sigtuna’s trade and production has been the subject of an increasing amount of archaeological investigations during the last 30 years. However, most of the research has been conductedregarding the buildings, coin mints and precious metal objects. This thesis will instead research one of the basics of the production, namely the iron. By reviewing the iron objectsand currency bars from house X in the city block Humlegården 3. Through high precision studies with conservation and scanning electron microscope I will be able to come one step closer to identifying what sort of items were produced on the site and discerning what status and function the smithy had. I will also investigate the possibility to track the origin of the iron.Sigtunas handel och produktion har varit föremål för ett ökande antal arkeologiska undersökningar de senaste 30 åren. De flesta av dessa undersökningar har handlat ombyggnader, mynthus och föremålsstudier. Den här uppsatsen kommer istället att undersöka ett av hantverken som krävs för att kunna utföra många andra hantverk, nämligen järnhantverk. Genom att undersöka järnfynden och ämnesjärnen från hus X i kvarteret Humlegården 3, via detaljerade studier som inkluderar konservering och Svepelektronmikroskop, kommer jag att komma ett steg närmare vilka föremål som producerats på platsen samt utröna vad för status och funktion smedjan hade. Jag kommer även undersöka om det är möjligt att säga någonting om järnets ursprung.
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Ferreira, Manon de Salles. "A roupa depois da cena." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27156/tde-12012016-102324/.
Full textAbstract:
A partir da estreita relação entre a roupa social e o figurino, dentro e fora do espetáculo, esta tese tem como objetivo investigar os percursos que faz a roupa após a \"cena\", isto é, a partir do momento em que são guardadas como documentos de pesquisa e não mais usadas como objeto de consumo e descarte. São discutidas questões relacionadas aos acervos têxteis e os processos necessários para a sua conservação e esse será o objeto de estudo: as iniciativas existentes fora dos espaços museológicos que vem sendo realizadas por grupos de teatro, universidades, colecionadores, instituições culturais e estilistas. Será debatido o exemplo do Centre National du Costume de Scène, na França, a coleção de figurinos do cantor/performer Ney Matogrosso numa instituição de ensino, e o desenvolvimento, como estudo de caso, do projeto de conservação e exposição da coleção de marionetes do estilista/figurinista Fause Haten.From the close relationship between social clothes and costumes, in and out of the show, this thesis aims to investigate the pathways that make the clothes after the \"scene\" that is, from the moment they are saved as documents research and no longer used as an object of consumption and disposal. Issues are discussed related to textiles collections and the processes needed for its conservation and that will be the object of study: existing initiatives outside the museum spaces that have been performed by theater groups, universities, collectors, cultural institutions and designers. It will be discussed the example of the Centre National du Costume de Scène in France the collection of costumes the singer / performer Ney Matogrosso an educational institution, and the development, as a case study, the conservation project and exhibition designer collection of puppets / costume Fause Haten
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Fiesinger-Lelièvre, Virginie. "La conservation du patrimoine de l'industrie textile en Alsace entre matérialité, immatérialité et virtualité : quels enjeux ? Quelles trajectoires ?" Thesis, Mulhouse, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MULH6572.
Full textAbstract:
L'Alsace a été profondément marquée par l'industrie textile. Depuis près de deux siècles, cet héritage se compose, se transmet puis se démantèle avec les taux de croissance structurels et conjoncturels de l'économie et les crises industrielles. Puis, il se recompose de manières arbitraire, hasardeuse, voire opportune (au-delà de la rationalité plus ou moins assurée de stratégie(s) à court terme), pour former de ce fait un paysage culturel, scientifique, technique et industriel unique à chaque instant. Il est alors tout à fait légitime de se demander comment mettre en mémoire l'évolution de ce tissu industriel ans toute sa complexité ? Trois modes de conservation sont potentiellement exploitables : matérielle (concept de la rétro-présence à la néo-présence), immatérielle (concept de mémo-rétroconstruction) et virtuelle (concept d'aréel, favorisant clairement la prise de position sur des contenus matériels e immatériels à sauvegarder). Même si toutes ces possibilités coexistent, un problème reste entier : quelle trajectoire se dessine pour la conservation du patrimoine de l'industrie textile en Alsace ? La littérature sur la conservation du patrimoine industriel existante depuis les années 1970 tend à délaisser les relations d'interdépendances existantes entre ces trois modes de conservation. Le peu de résultats disponibles ne permet pas d'apprécier ce que pourrait nous apporter une bonne gestion de ces trois modes de conservation combinés. Ce travail de recherche s'est donné comme objectif de proposer des schémas possibles pour définir un nouveau modèle de conservation, basé sur l'exemple du patrimoine industriel textile en Alsace. La première partie de cette étude explique les processus qui ont permis le passage de l'industrie textile en Alsace au statut de patrimoine. Des choix guidés par des pouvoirs discrétionnaires, des logiques de conservation opposables, une discontinuité de ligne de conduite sur des courtes et longues périodes, de réoccupations parfois plus électoralistes que scientifiques, des désengagements d'hommes de responsabilités ou encore le manque de cohérence entre les acteurs ou les institutions... ont orienté la stratégie de la politique de conservation d'une région. Quel état des lieux peut-on dresser aujourd'hui grâce aux sources historiques ? Quels enjeux se profilent à court, moyen et long terme ? La seconde partie pose les mêmes questions, mais cette fois-ci en recherchant les réponses par l'exploitation exclusive de sources médiatiques. Elle interroge la pertinence des processus actuels de conservation du patrimoine de l'industrie textile, qu'ils soient matériel, immatériel ou virtuel avec un regard complémentaire à la première partie de cette étude, celui des journalistes, de la représentation publique et politique. Les sciences de l'information et de la communication apportent-elles de nouveaux horizons à la conservation de patrimoine ? Oui, mais pas seulement. Elles ne se limitent pas au rôle d'outils, mais nous verrons comment elles ont un rôle déterminant dans la reconstruction un patrimoine : elles se mettent collectivement en mouvement avec la société pour la définir, en exploitant tous les sens accumulés dans les sèmes liés au patrimoine industriel textile. Elles reconstituent ainsi une référence collective et formulent des hypothèses de transformation, d'adaptation et de projections futures. Nous verrons alors s'il est envisageable de leur réserver un rôle dans la conservation du patrimoine.La troisième partie met en évidence des convergences et les divergences des trois modes de conservation. Elle propose des solutions concrètes pour l'Alsace, puis des concepts transposables pour ouvrir ce nouveaux processus de conservation vers d'autres régions françaises ou pourquoi pas vers d'autre thématiquesAlsace has been profoundly marked by the textile industry. For two centuries, its textile heritage has experienced numerous fluctuations, rising and falling according to the structural and cyclical growth rate of the economy and to industrial crises. Fluctuations that, though completely random and uncontrollable (strategies, even short-term, cannot be implemented), have occurred in a timely manner, thus giving rise to constantly changing unique cultural, scientific, technical and industrial landscape.It is thus only right to wonder how the memory of the development of this industrial fabric can be preserved in all its complexity? There are three possible means of preservation: material (retro-presence to neo presence concept), immaterial (concept of memo-retroconstruction) and virtual (concept of what is "areal", clearly promoting position take-up on material and immaterial concepts to be protected). Even if all these possibilities exist side by side, one problem remains unanswered, namely what is the outlook for the preservation of the textile heritage in Alsace? The literature on preservation of industrial heritage available since the 1970s tends to overlook the existing relationships of interdependence between these three modes of preservation. The shortage of results does not allow us to appraise the potential offered by proper management of a combination of these three modes of preservation. This research work thus aims to propose some possible schemes to define a new preservation model, based on the example of the textile industrial heritage in Alsace. The first part of this study explains the processes that have allowed the textile industry in Alsace to accede to heritage status some 200 years ago. Choices guided by discretionary powers, opposable preservation logics, discontinuity in course of action over short and long periods alike, reclaiming more often oriented by lections rather than of a scientific nature, opting-out of those with responsibilities, not to mention the lack of coherence between players and institutions: these are all factors that will guide a Region's preservation policy strategy. What state of affairs can be drawn up today by historical sources? What is the outlook for the future? The second part asks the same questions, but this time seeks for the answers based only on media sources. It questions the pertinence of the current textile heritage preservation processes, material, immaterial and virtual alike, but from a viewpoint different from and complementary to the first part, namely the viewpoint of journalists and public and political contributors. Do communication sciences offer heritage reservation new horizons? Yes they do, but that is not all they offer. We shall see that, far from being mere tool, they play a decisive role in the reconstruction of a heritage, grouping themselves to move with society in order to define it by using all the meanings accumulated in the semes relating to the textile industrial heritage. Through this they form a collective reference, formulating hypotheses for future transformation, adaptation and projections. We shall then see whether it is possible for them to play a role in heritage preservation.The third part highlights the convergences and divergences of the three preservation modes. lt suggest concrete solutions for Alsace, followed by transposable concepts to extend these new preservation processes to other regions in France and, why not, to other areas
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Boozula, Aravind Reddy. "Use of Bio-Product/Phase Change Material Composites in the Building Envelope for Building Thermal Control and Energy Savings." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248391/.
Full textAbstract:
This research investigates the bio-products/phase change material (PCM) composites for the building envelope application. Bio-products, such as wood and herb, are porous medium, which can be applied in the building envelope for thermal insulation purpose. PCM is infiltrated into the bio-product (porous medium) to form a composite material. The PCM can absorb/release large amount of latent heat of fusion from/to the building environment during the melting/solidification process. Hence, the PCM-based composite material in the building envelope can efficiently adjust the building interior temperature by utilizing the phase change process, which improves the thermal insulation, and therefore, reduces the load on the HVAC system. Paraffin wax was considered as the PCM in the current studies. The building energy savings were investigated by comparing the composite building envelope material with the conventional material in a unique Zero-Energy (ZØE) Research Lab building at University of North Texas (UNT) through building energy simulation programs (i.e., eQUEST and EnergyPlus). The exact climatic conditions of the local area (Denton, Texas) were used as the input values in the simulations. It was found that the EnergyPlus building simulation program was more suitable for the PCM based building envelope using the latent heat property. Therefore, based on the EnergyPlus simulations, when the conventional structure insulated panel (SIP) in the roof and wall structures were replaced by the herb panel or herb/PCM composite, it was found that around 16.0% of energy savings in heating load and 11.0% in cooling load were obtained by using PCM in the bio-product porous medium.
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Boozula, Aravind Reddy. "Use of Bio-Product/Phase Change Material Composite in the Building Envelope for Building Thermal Control and Energy Savings." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248391/.
Full textAbstract:
This research investigates the bio-products/phase change material (PCM) composites for the building envelope application. Bio-products, such as wood and herb, are porous medium, which can be applied in the building envelope for thermal insulation purpose. PCM is infiltrated into the bio-product (porous medium) to form a composite material. The PCM can absorb/release large amount of latent heat of fusion from/to the building environment during the melting/solidification process. Hence, the PCM-based composite material in the building envelope can efficiently adjust the building interior temperature by utilizing the phase change process, which improves the thermal insulation, and therefore, reduces the load on the HVAC system. Paraffin wax was considered as the PCM in the current studies. The building energy savings were investigated by comparing the composite building envelope material with the conventional material in a unique Zero-Energy (ZØE) Research Lab building at University of North Texas (UNT) through building energy simulation programs (i.e., eQUEST and EnergyPlus). The exact climatic conditions of the local area (Denton, Texas) were used as the input values in the simulations. It was found that the EnergyPlus building simulation program was more suitable for the PCM based building envelope using the latent heat property. Therefore, based on the EnergyPlus simulations, when the conventional structure insulated panel (SIP) in the roof and wall structures were replaced by the herb panel or herb/PCM composite, it was found that around 16.0% of energy savings in heating load and 11.0% in cooling load were obtained by using PCM in the bio-product porous medium.
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Maharjan, Monalisa. "Linking heritage: Yenya Punhi Festival a path to reinforce identity. The Katmandu experience." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18925.
Full textAbstract:
In today’s world heritage worldwide are at the risk not only because of natural
process of decay and destruction but also by social change like urbanization,
globalization and homogenization of cultures. With these emerging problems, the
heritage conservation discourse also has reached to a new dimension including
broader range of concepts like tangible heritage, intangible heritage, community
participation, indigenous knowledge and many more. Even with the changing
scenario in the international context about the heritage conservation, Nepal’s
heritage conservation still focus on monuments, sites and buildings. In add to that
the conservation practices are still top-down approach and community
involvements are limited only in plans. While numerous intangible heritages like
masking dances chariot processions, festivals and rituals, which form an integral
part of the daily social life of people are still being continued and managed by the
community and its people, without with out serious attention form the government.
In Kathmandu Valley these heritages has been maintained with the traditional
social association of people known as “Guthi” which has been continuing since 5th
Century.
Most of the tangible and intangible heritages have survived for centuries because
of this unique association of people. Among the numerous festivals of the
Kathmandu Valley, the festival Yenya Punhi was chosen as a case for this study,
which is also a major festival of Kathmandu. This festival is the perfect example
for the study as its celebrated in the city that is the most urbanized city of Nepal
with the challenges of the every modern city like social changes and urbanization.
Despite modern challenges Guthi still plays a major role in the heritage
conservation in Kathmandu Valley. Now there are some interventions of the
various formal institutions. So this study will be focusing on the management,
continuity and problems of the festival along with Nepal’s position in terms of
intangible heritage conservation. The problem of Kathmandu and Yenya Punhi
festival is the problem of every country in the similar situation so with this case study it can be a good example for finding solutions of the similar problem not only
the other festivals within Nepal but also elsewhere in the world; Resumo:
Conexão de Património: Festival Yenya Punhi um caminho de
fortalecimento de identidade: A experiência de Catmandu
Nos dias de hoje, os patrimónios mundiais encontram-se em risco, não só devido
ao processo natural de degradação e destruição, mas também pelas mudanças
sociais, tais como a urbanização, globalização e homogeneização de culturas.
Com o emergir destes problemas, o discurso de conservação de Património
atingiu também uma nova dimensão, incluíndo uma área mais abrangente de
conceitos, como por exemplo, património material, património imaterial,
participação da comunidade, conhecimento indígena, entre outros. Mesmo com
este cenário de mudança no contexto mundial de conservação do património, a
preservação do património do Nepal continua a focar-se em monumentos, sítios e
edíficios. A acrescentar a isso, as práticas de conservação ainda têm uma
abordagem descendente e os envolvimentos da comunidade são limitados por
planificações. Enquanto que os numerosos patrimónios imateriais como danças
com máscaras, procissões, festivais e rituais, os quais formam uma parte integral
da vida diária social das pessoas que as continuam e as gerem em comunidade,
sem uma atenção séria por parte do governo. No Vale de Catmandu, este
património tem sido mantido pela associação tradicional de pessoas conhecidas
como ''Guthi'' desde o século V.
A maior parte destes patrimónios materiais e imateriais tem sobrevivido durante
séculos graças a esta associação única de pessoas. Entre os numerosos
festivais do Vale de Catmandu, o festival Yenya Puhni foi escolhido para este
estudo, pois é também um grande festival em Catmandu. Este festival é o
exemplo perfeito para este estudo, pois é celebrado na cidade mais urbanizada
do Nepal, com os desafios das cidades modernas tais como mudanças sociais e
urbanização. Apesar dos desafios da modernização, os ''Guthi'' ainda
desempenham um papel importante na preservação do património do Vale de
Catmandu. Agora, existem algumas intervenções de várias instituições formais Então, este estudo irá focar-se na gestão, continuidade e problemas do festival,
juntamente com a posição do Nepal em termos de conservação de património
imaterial. O problema de Catmandu e do festival Yenya Punhi é o problema de
todos os países em situação semelhante então, este estudo pode ser um bom
exemplo para encontrar soluções de problemas parecidos, não só em outros
festivais no Nepal mas também para qualquer parte do mundo.
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Braun, Michael Rainer. "Characterization of nonlinearity parameters in an elastic material with quadratic nonlinearity with a complex wave field." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26566.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. S.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Jacobs, Laurence; Committee Co-Chair: Qu, Jianmin; Committee Member: DesRoches, Reginald. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Brolin, Nord Elin. "En studie av skador hos stolar från renässansen 1560-tal till biedermeier 1850-tal. : Ett arbete om sambandet mellan konstruktion, material och skadebild." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Malmstens Linköpings universitet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-150581.
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Through the selection of six representative typical Swedish chairs from each era, I present manufacturing techniques and how the craftsmanship has affected the style of the chairs over time. My main source material is the objects themselves. I chose to analyze the constructions and what can distinguish them apart in techniques, material choices, aesthetics and design. The main part of my work has been to find out what are the most occurring damages and its causes. Most damages from renaissance to biedermeier can be linked to the mortise joint. Through interviews with experienced conservators and with my own experiences as a cabinet maker and conservator, I discuss the concept of the ultimate chair design in terms of stability. I have come to the conclusion that the most solid chair is the eight to twelve framed chairs from the Renaissance, but the chair must be adapted to the intended use.
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Robbiola, Luc. "Caractérisation et propriétés des "matériaux culturels"... vers une nouvelle discipline en Science des Matériaux." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00493988.
Full textAbstract:
Ce rapport porte principalement sur la mise en place d'une nouvelle discipline en science des matériaux : la science des matériaux culturels. Celle-ci est ici présentée à travers l'exemple de l'étude de l'altération des bronzes anciens. L'aspect méthodologique et les différents travaux conduits tout autant sur des matériaux anciens que sur des échantillons de laboratoire (alliages Cu-Sn) sont résumés et illustrés.
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Pervez, Wajiha. "DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY - A CIRCULAR APPROACH." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4773.
Full textAbstract:
As the world becomes increasingly aware of the need to better care for the environment, innovative business models are helping to counter the damage of the fast fashion system - a phenomenon in the fashion industry whereby production processes are expedited in order to get new trends to the market as quickly and cheaply as possible.
Designing products with a focus on their renewability can shift the product-consumer relationship. The closed loop concept of a “circular economy” is emerging as a viable and promising solution to the current linear business model.
This study explores the possibilities of a more mindful approach to systems of production and consumption through material explorations using plastic from water bottles, paper from old newspaper and magazines, and fabric leftovers from pattern making within a circular economy. It considers the generative and renewable approaches in redefining how fashion engages with the components and raw materials of the industry.
The research demonstrates a circular approach to the production of hospitality accessories in an effort to develop new intersections between products, materials, and consumers. The accessories are designed using discarded, reformulated denim–an abundant and underutilized byproduct of the fashion industry–to reduce waste that currently occurs every time hotel chains and airlines produce disposable giveaway products from new materials.
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McFadden, Peter Daniel, and Peter Daniel McFadden. "Molecular Engineering of Specialty Thermoset Materials." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626330.
Full textAbstract:
This work seeks to lay the foundation for improved art conservation epoxies by addressing two of the problems which currently limit their use. The first problem with current conservation epoxies is the difficulty of removal post-cure. This can be solved by synthesizing epoxies with thermally re-workable Diels-Alder weak links. The second problem relates to difficulty in identifying epoxy joints in reconstructed artifacts and can be solved by incorporating fluorescent monomers within the epoxy network. The challenge in both of these projects is to ensure that the modified epoxies are still suitable for conservation use.
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Robbiola, Luc. "CARACTERISATION DE L'ALTERATION DE BRONZES ARCHEOLOGIQUES ENFOUIS A PARTIR D'UN CORPUS D'OBJETS DE L'AGE DU BRONZE. MECANISMES DE CORROSION." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00495356.
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Les bronzes archéologiques (alliages Cu-Sn) sont des témoins scientifiques porteurs d'informations historiques, socio-culturelles et technologiques. Pour exploiter ces documents scientifiques, il est nécessaire de les conserver. Dans cette optique, la caractérisation de l'altération actuelle de bronzes a été menée selon une nouvelle démarche de recherche en corrosion afin de définir les mécanismes de corrosion. L'étude des aspects externes et internes des altérations (microstructure et composition), à partir d'un corpus d'objets de l'Age du Bronze provenant du site du Fort-Harrouard, montre que deux structures types sont suffisantes pour caractériser l'ensemble des altérations. La structure classique de l'altération des bronzes, assimilée à celle du cuivre corrodé (composés du Cu(II) - oxyde cuivreux - alliage) n'est pas suffisante pour rendre compte de la réalité. L'étude du comportement à la corrosion de bronzes de synthèse, par des méthodes électrochimiques classiques, a permis de confirmer la dissolution préférentielle du cuivre de la phase alpha de l'alliage, et la non dissolution de l'étain qui reste dans les produits de corrosion sous une forme oxydée. Un modèle général qualitatif de la corrosion des bronzes est proposé pour rendre compte des deux structures types mises en évidence. Deux mécanismes de transport de masse qui régulent la formation des structures de corrosion sont envisagés. Le processus est controlé cinétiquement soit par le transport des cations du cuivre issus de l'alliage corrodé (mécanisme cationique) soit par le transport d'espèces anioniques provenant de l'environnement corrosif (mécanisme anionique). A partir d'un état métastable des altérations, un vieillissement des produits de corrosion et/ou une reprise de la corrosion est possible. Plusieurs implications sont ensuite données tant pour la lecture des informations archéologiques contenues dans l'altération que pour la conservation-restauration des vestiges.
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Fairhurst, Alison R. G. "The materials, construction and conservation of eighteenth century women's shoes." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2015. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/27536/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis analyses a 12% sample of the 900 extant pairs of eighteenth-century women’s shoes in British museums and argues that shoes are a valuable but currently underused historical resource. The analysis is supported by both primary and secondary literature and contemporary images and much of the research is presented in a visual format such as images, diagrams and tables. The thesis revolves around the following questions: What can women’s shoes tell us about eighteenth-century culture? How can object based analysis of shoes enhance our current understanding of women’s footwear in the eighteenth century? How can we characterise materials, construction and manufacture of such shoes based on extant examples? What implications do these findings have for conservators and others responsible for the survival and management of the extant corpus? By recording the complexity of shoes as composite objects and examining how they are made; from what and how their components were processed and manufactured the thesis greatly increases the current available knowledge. It proposes a methodology for studying shoes and recording subsequent findings. The thesis also recognises the potential of shoes as historical sources. In addition it examines how we might seek to manage shoes as heritage assets in the future and acknowledges the significant role of the conservator in this. A holistic approach involving both curators and conservators in the decision making process relating to conservation and preservation is given. The appendices give full details of the sampled shoes and show the completed survey forms.
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Thomas, Glyn Rees. "Counter electrode materials for electrochromic windows." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261513.
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Glynn, Deborah. "The preservation and conservation of ink jet and electrophotographic printed materials." Thesis, Open University, 2001. http://oro.open.ac.uk/58177/.
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This research project has investigated the light fastness of ink jet and electrophotographic printed materials by the means of an extensive accelerated and natural ageing test programme. The effect of visible radiation of different wavebands on the deterioration of a selection of ink jet printed materials has also been assessed. The findings of the research indicate that all of the ink jet printed materials tested are sensitive to light and should not therefore, be put on permanent display. Most of the ink jet printed samples exhibited greater light sensitivity to the shorter wavelengths of the visible spectrum, than the longer wavelengths, with damage decreasing as wavelength increases. This relationship was not evident with the cyan and blue printed samples, which showed that their light sensitivity was determined by the spectral absorption characteristics of the printed patch. Some of the ink jet printed materials produced erratic fading rates on exposure to light. This phenomenon was attributed to either the occurrence of photochromism or the disintegration of the dye particles in the ink, but further testing needs to be conducted to gain a better understanding of this reaction. Other factors also influenced the light fastness of the ink jet materials, such as the type of paper employed for printing, ink concentration and ink combination. The electrophotographic printed materials were found to be more stable to light, although the yellow toner from some of the systems would show noticeable fading after approximately 65 to 325 years on permanent display (at 50 lux for eight hours per day). A range of basic conservation treatments was also been investigated and the results indicated that ink jet print materials are very sensitive to all forms of aqueous treatments. Finally, thermal/dark ageing has been performed on the digital printed papers employed in this investigation. The conclusion is that all of the papers are prone to yellowing in storage.
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Bisulca, Christina. "Case Studies in Conservation Science." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332904.
Full textAbstract:
The research presented in this dissertation covers three separate topics of conservation as defined by the National Science Foundation: 1) Materials Stabilization, Strengthening, Monitoring, and Repair; 2. Understanding Material Degradation and Aging; and 3) Materials and Structural Characterization of Cultural Heritage Objects (the `technical study'). The first topic is addressed through a study to assess the consolidant tetraethoxysilane for the stabilization of alum treated wood. Falling under materials degradation studies is a study published in American Museum Novitates to understand how environmental conditions affect the aging of fossil resins from five different deposits. Two separate studies are included in technical study of cultural heritage objects which comprises the third research area of materials characterization. The first is a survey of red dyes used in Chinese paintings from the Ming Dynasty to the Early Republic (1364-1911). The second is a study of the pigments, dyes and binders used in Hawaiian barkcloth (kapa) from the 19th century.
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Costa, Alice Maria Tavares Alves da. "Integrated conservation strategy of built heritage: traditional construction systems and natural materials." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14808.
Full textAbstract:
Doutoramento em Engenharia CivilThe risk of losing ancient construction systems is highly relevant in the whole Mediterranean region, but also in many other countries worldwide. The earthen heritage and the mixed construction systems with timber are decreasing very fast and being identified in lists of risk by UNESCO, ICOMOS and by many researchers all over the world. They represent a cultural value of the societies that is being neglected due to unbalanced development, demolitions, lack of knowledge, and guidelines for conservation, instead of the expected unique reason of decay due to natural agents or ageing. Although some conservation approaches have been successful, the results are still scarce and the mistakes continuously repeated imposing irreversible gaps in reading this relevant heritage, mainly in urban areas. This entails questions about the approach to protection, conservation, and the reasons behind such disseminated failure in these objectives. The earthen architecture shows precisely the difficulties in the establishment of a strategy able to successfully achieve the goal of preserving its cultural value. This needs continuous research and ability to communicate the best conservation strategy as just one of the steps of a balanced framework. This investigation aims to discover reasons for failure of conservation strategies involving the traditional construction systems, valuing the case of adobe architecture; to give significance to traditional construction systems as a cultural value to protect and preserve; to propose conservation research areas necessary in a framework of integrated conservation of built heritage, involving the specific case of adobe buildings. The research methodology of this investigation is based mostly on qualitative methods and a case study about adobe construction system, its evolution since the 19th century until the middle of 20th century, and its interaction with architecture. The case study was used to address the main identified gaps of research needed to proceed with an integrated conservation and protection approach of adobe heritage in Portugal. A combination of sources was used following a multi-method approach: in situ surveys, collection of archive files (drawings, written documents and photos), published literature, published and unpublished reports from international organisations, photographic reports, open interviews, and laboratory tests. The first analyses show evidence of multiple causes of failure for the support of conservation strategies. The most important is the lack of a long-term integrated strategy within a recognized and supported framework. Secondly, the continuity of shortcomings is expressed in inadequate choices at several levels of decision-making, absence of measures of maintenance and conservation. Thirdly, the lack of knowledge about the adobe traditional construction system, its evolution and wide interaction with architecture, the approach to the present standards of comfort, and finally, the problem of waterproof barrier and salt’s effects are the main causes of failure in the promotion of adobe conservation strategies. This research recommends the use of the construction system as a cultural value to guarantee the longevity of traditional building heritage, supported by research. It also stresses the importance of understanding the difficulties of application of conservation strategies, looking to a wider international area to better understand the reasons behind causes and eventual successes. It proposes an interpretation of evolution of the adobe construction system and identifies the main defects, both of which should constitute the base of knowledge of any conservation strategy. Finally, considering an integrated framework of conservation strategy, an approach is recommended that integrates key issues of awareness for heritage and research. The specific case study of adobe construction emphasized three main approach areas: the vernacular architecture for public awareness; thermal and comfort issues for protection strategy; and finally, the waterproof barrier with diatomaceous earth, its role in the decrease of salt’s effects and as an effective barrier, for the use of research to solve technical problems of earthen construction.
O risco de perder sistemas de construtivos antigos é altamente relevante em toda a região do Mediterrâneo, mas também em muitos outros países do mundo. O Património de terra e os sistemas construtivos mistos com madeira estão a decrescer rapidamente e são alvo de propostas para integrarem listas de Risco pela UNESCO, ICOMOS e com alertas de vários investigadores de todo o mundo. Estes sistemas, representam um valor cultural das sociedades, que está a ser negligenciado devido ao desenvolvimento desequilibrado, às demolições, à falta de conhecimento, e à falta de diretrizes para a conservação, em vez de a expectável única razão, de deterioração devido aos agentes naturais ou ao seu próprio envelhecimento. Embora algumas experiências de Conservação tenham sido bem sucedidas, os resultados ainda são escassos e os erros continuamente repetidos, impondo lacunas irreversíveis na leitura deste Património relevante, principalmente em áreas urbanas. Isto levanta questões sobre a abordagem à proteção, à conservação, e às razões que estão por trás de tão disseminada falha nos objetivos. A Arquitectura de Terra sofre precisamente destas dificuldades no estabelecimento de uma estratégia capaz de alcançar com sucesso o objetivo de preservar o seu Valor Cultural. O que requer uma investigação contínua e capacidade de comunicar a melhor estratégia de conservação capaz de alcançar com sucesso a compatibilização para a preservação do seu valor cultural, como apenas uma das etapas de um enquadramento equilibrado. Esta investigação tem como objetivo: descobrir as razões subjacentes ao fracasso de estratégias de conservação; investigar os sistemas de construção tradicionais, valorizando o caso da arquitetura de adobe; estudar a significância dos sistemas construtivos tradicionais como valores culturais a proteger e preservar; propor áreas de pesquisa de conservação dentro de um quadro de Conservação Integrada do Património construído, envolvendo o caso específico dos edifícios de adobe. As primeiras análises mostram evidências de múltiplas causas de fracasso para o apoio de medidas de conservação. O que mais se destaca é a falta de uma estratégia integrada de longo prazo, num programa reconhecido e apoiado. Em segundo lugar, a continuidade das deficiências é expressa nas escolhas inadequadas em vários níveis da tomada de decisão, a ausência de medidas de manutenção e conservação. Em terceiro lugar, a falta de conhecimento sobre os sistemas construtivos tradicionais (de adobe), sua evolução e ampla interação com a arquitetura, a abordagem sobre compatibilização dos atuais padrões de conforto com o valor cultural, e, finalmente, o problema particular do corte hídrico e controlo da ação dos sais no edificado antigo, são causas de falha nas estratégias de conservação de adobe, por falta de informação e de investigação. Esta pesquisa recomenda o reconhecimento do sistema construtivo como um valor cultural, para garantir a longevidade do Património construído tradicional, apoiado na investigação. Aborda as dificuldades de aplicação de estratégias de conservação, a nível internacional para melhor compreender as razões de sucesso ou fracasso. Propõe uma interpretação da evolução do sistema construtivo de adobe e identifica os principais defeitos, para apoiar a base de conhecimento de estratégias de conservação. Por fim, considerando o âmbito de uma Conservação Integrada recomenda uma abordagem que integre questões-chave de sensibilização para o património e investigação. O caso de estudo de construção de adobe enfatiza três destas áreas: a ligação entre a arquitetura vernacular e a arquitetura, para sensibilização do público; os problemas de compatibilidade com o conforto, para estratégia de proteção; e finalmente, o efeito da diatomite em barreiras de corte hídrico e aos sais, para apoio aos problemas técnicos de conservação do Património de Terra.
FCT - SFRH/BPD/113053/2015
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Raskin, Shaina. "Analysis and Ethical Conservation of a Roman Statue Head in the Scripps College Permanent Collection." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/664.
Full textAbstract:
Unprovenanced and undocumented antiquities play a large roll in the international trade of antiquities, a billion dollar sector of the art market. The removal of these antiquities from their source countries creates many problems for the academic community and the standards put in place to eliminate illegal activity. An analysis of an ancient Roman statue head of Livia was used to demonstrate the usefulness of such an legally acquired undocumented antiquity. A visual analysis was first conducted on the Scripps Livia residing within the Scripps Permanent collection by creating comparisons to other known portraits of Livia. A chemical analysis was then conducted to continue verifying authenticity. With the use of a Scanning Electron Microscope, four samples removed from the sculpture were analyzed for elemental composition. Based on the data gathered from these analyses recommendations for new acquisition policies were created for the purpose of ethically researching and displaying the Scripps Livia.
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Wilson, Helen Louise. "Investigation into non-aqueous remedial conservation treatments for iron-tannate dyed organic materials." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigation-into-nonaqueous-remedial-conservation-treatments-for-irontannate-dyed-organic-materials(e708b2e6-8932-472e-973e-2ad5cb1bf855).html.
Full textAbstract:
Iron-tannate dyes have been used for thousands of years and on many continents to colour materials that are now part of our cultural heritage shades of black, grey, or brown. Cellulosic and proteinaceous yarns and woven textiles have been dyed with iron-tannate dyes to form objects or components of objects for domestic and ceremonial use. Unfortunately, the longevity and useful lifetime of iron-tannate dyed objects is threatened by the dye itself which accelerates the degradation of organic materials through metal-catalysed oxidation and acid-catalysed hydrolysis. The accelerated degradation causes weakening, discolouration, and embrittlement of the organic materials at a faster rate than undyed equivalents and if left unimpeded, weakens the objects to the point that they are no longer able to be exhibited without damage. In some cases the degradation is so great that the dyed areas of the objects have crumbled to dust. At present there is no suitable chemical stabilisation method available with which to inhibit this degradation. An aqueous treatment is available for successfully stabilising paper containing iron gall ink; iron gall ink is chemically similar to iron-tannate dye. However, the aqueous nature of this treatment makes it unsuitable for weakened fibres, water soluble components, and water sensitive materials which may be part of a composite material containing iron-tannate dye. Non-aqueous treatments are therefore urgently needed in order to preserve our iron-tannate dyed cultural heritage for future generations.In this project a range of non-aqueous antioxidants and a non-aqueous deacidifier (described in Chapter 8) were tested alongside existing aqueous treatment in order to establish their ability to slow down the degradation of a range of model iron-tannate dyed textiles (Chapters 9 and 10). Model textiles were developed as part of the project (Chapters 3-5) to be substitutes for historic materials in these stabilisation studies. Validation of the model textiles for this purpose (Chapter 6) involved the comparison of the model textiles with selected historic iron-tannate dyed objects within the British Museum’s collection (Chapter 6). The historic objects and the properties of the model textiles before and after accelerated ageing (Chapters 5 and 6) and before and after treatment application (Chapters 9 and 10) have been characterised using a variety of analytical techniques (Chapter 2). In order to determine which accelerated ageing conditions were the most suitable for this project various combinations of elevated temperature and either cycling or stable relative humidity were tested for their ability to produce noticeable changes in the properties of the dyed model textiles within four weeks of ageing (Chapter 7). This project is an AHRC/EPSRC funded Science and Heritage Programme PhD in which the British Museum has been a collaborative institution. Among other wider dissemination methods, research from this project has been presented to the public on numerous occasions at gallery tours and Science Day events at the British Museum.
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Reis, Dina da Costa. "The materials, technique, conservation treatment and after-care of interior de um convento." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6670.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Conservação e Restauro, especialização em pintura sobre telaThis thesis concerns the study of the materials and techniques of the painting on canvas “Interior de um Convento” belonging to the Portuguese monument Pena National Palace (PNP) and the description of the conservation treatment carried out. The study required the use of several examination and analysis tools such as OM (Optical Microscopy), UV (ultraviolet) and IR (infrared) photography, μ-EDXRF (Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence), μ-Raman (Raman spectroscopy) μ-FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and SEM-EDX (Electron Scanning Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy). The conservation treatment focused on minimal intervention with the purpose of maintaining the integrity of a nineteen century painting that has never been restored until the present date. Simultaneously, a project to investigate the best back and front protection system for the PNP’s paintings collection was initiated. Relative Humidity (RH) and temperature fluctuations were measured in the Palace and inside the half-closed and fully closed systems used to protect twelve model paintings constructed for the purpose. The objective was to choose the best protection system for dampening RH and temperature fluctuations while preventing the risk of mould occurrence. The preliminary results (4 months of readings) showed that the risk of mould growth requires further study for in a more prolonged period which encompasses seasonal changes.
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Conde, Diana Nogueira Rodrigues. "Study of materials, technique and conservation treatment of Sinfonia Heroica by Dordio Gomes." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6225.
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Vasconcelos, Mara Lúcia Carrett de. "Artefatos em ferro de origem terrestre : um estudo de caso sobre a interface entre pesquisa arqueológica e conservação no sítio Charqueada Santa Bárbara, Pelotas, RS, Brasil." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3212.
Full textAbstract:
The current state of degradation of most archaeological collections has compromised the
research and protection of this heritage. To respond to these problems, some initiatives that
seek to modify the current practices of preservation of archaeological collections are
emerging, as the fieldwork in the Charqueada Santa Barbara archaeological site ( Pelotas, RS,
Brazil ), linked to the research project Pampa Negro: Arqueologia da Escravidão na Região
Sul do Rio Grande do Sul (1780-1888), which has brought together a multidisciplinary team
to talk about the praxis of each area and to think of appropriate solutions for the better
management and protection of archaeological collections. In the context of the conservation,
protocols for preventive and curative intervention of different types of materials were
developed and tested in field and laboratory. Among the types of material recovered in the
excavation, metal objects, especially iron, are those most susceptible to deterioration due to
the process of recovery and to the speed at which the corrosive processes occur as well as the
complexity of the products resulting from these. In this context, the aim of this study was to
analyze, from a study of the interface between conservation and archeology, how the
conservation procedures performed in the field and laboratory in the ferrous artifacts
contributed to the preservation of archaeological collections. It was expected to verify which
interventions enable a better conservation of archaeological origin and of the associated
information material culture, and disseminate the need for greater integration between the
experts related to the safeguard of the archaeological heritage areas. It was concluded that
conservation practices directly assist in the preservation of archaeological collections in its
material, documentary and symbolic aspects. Therefore, the conservator has become more of a manager of these collections, in a performance that, increasingly, is turning into an agent
crucial to the management of the archaeological heritage.O estado atual de degradação de grande parte dos acervos arqueológicos tem comprometido as pesquisas e a salvaguarda destes bens. Destas problemáticas vêm surgindo iniciativas que buscam a modificação das práticas atuais de preservação dos acervos arqueológicos, como o trabalho de campo do sítio Charqueada Santa Bárbara (Pelotas, RS, Brasil), vinculado ao projeto O Pampa Negro: Arqueologia da Escravidão na Região Meridional do Rio Grande do Sul (1780-1888), que reuniu uma equipe multidisciplinar a fim de dialogar a respeito da práxis de cada área e pensar de forma conjunta soluções adequadas para um melhor gerenciamento e salvaguarda dos acervos arqueológicos. No âmbito da conservação, foram elaborados e testados em campo e em laboratório protocolos de intervenção preventiva e curativa para distintos materiais. Dentre os materiais recuperados na escavação, os objetos metálicos, em especial os de ferro, estão entre aqueles mais suscetíveis à deterioração decorrente deste processo, em função da velocidade em que ocorrem os processos corrosivos e da complexidade destes. Neste contexto, o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar, a partir de um estudo da interface entre Conservação e Arqueologia, de que forma os procedimentos de conservação realizados em campo e em laboratório nos artefatos em ferro contribuíram para a preservação dos acervos arqueológicos. Almejou-se verificar as intervenções que possibilitam a melhor conservação da cultura material de origem arqueológica e da informação associada, e difundir a necessidade de uma maior integração entre os especialistas das áreas relacionadas à salvaguarda do patrimônio arqueológico. Concluiu-se que as práticas de conservação auxiliam diretamente na preservação dos acervos arqueológicos, em suas instâncias material, documental e simbólica. O conservador vem se configurando, portanto, como mais um gestor destes bens, em uma atuação que, cada vez mais, se torna indispensável ao gerenciamento do patrimônio arqueológico.
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Kaner, Jake. "Early polymeric materials encountered in furniture, 1880-1920 : their chemistry, conservation, history and manufacture." Thesis, Bucks New University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342084.
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Tyler, Sandra Rose. "Preparing for the Future: Creating Outreach Materials for Edge of the Farm Conservation Area." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1409266895.
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Learner, Thomas J. S. "The characterisation of acrylic painting materials and implications for their use, conservation and stability." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326669.
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Hoey, Erin M. "Out of Site, But Not Out of Mind: The Conservation and Display of Ancient Roman Floor Mosaics in Situ and in Museums." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/842.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the display of Roman floor mosaics in museums and in situ. Taking the original mosaic to museums for display and protection, and replacing them on site with replicas, is best for the preservation of the original material and its context.
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Rogerson, Cordelia. "Preserving jewellery created from plastics and rubber : application of materials and interpretation of objects." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 2010. http://researchonline.rca.ac.uk/338/.
Full textAbstract:
The adoption of plastics and rubber to artist jewellers’ repertoire of materials in the late 1960s marks a significant and permanent alteration to the artist jewellery discipline. Since this time the physical and conceptual possibilities of plastics have fuelled and enabled developments in this artistic field. Since the early 1970s museums and private collections have continually acquired artist jewellery created from plastic. Some of these artworks are now exhibiting change or deterioration. Discussion and debate regarding their preservation is a pressing need. To date, whilst there has been recent research into the deterioration of plastic materials found in cultural heritage, almost no published work or debate has addressed artist jewellery specifically. This research positions plastic artist jewellery within the expanding discipline of modern materials conservation and aims to raise awareness of preserving plastic jewellery artworks. The prevalent plastics in use for artist jewellery, their properties and importantly application, to create artistic intent, are identified. Current attitudes of custodians and artists towards preservation, which has a bearing on the past and future prospects of the artworks, are analysed. Despite not having articulated their opinion previously, many jewellery artists have considered the long term prospects of their work as part of their artistic practice. As change and deterioration of the artworks is inevitable the impact of change to jewellery artworks is considered. Understanding how material properties are applied to create intent, as identified, is essential to comprehend meaning and any alterations as a result of change. Finally, having deliberately drawn artists into the preservation debate the nature of their input is considered. Should jewellery artists intervene in their own work when treatment is required? The research is from a humanities rather than scientific perspective and is concerned with objects and their interpretation in the context of preservation. The artworks are the starting point and their context as jewellery objects is the primary concern. Oral testimony of artists is also crucial to draw the artists into the preservation process as stakeholders and because jewellery artists are hitherto unrecorded in this context. What is demonstrated throughout the thesis is that the wearable function of jewellery has a bearing on their perception and interpretation as objects.
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Khaire, Shraddha. "Development of cleaning procedures of copper corrosion products by using “green” deep eutectic solvents." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28982.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract:
Selection and refinement of a method for copper corrosion removal were
undertaken in an environmentally friendly way by using deep eutectic solvents
(DES) integrated in a cellulose-based membrane.
DES is a potential “green” solvent based on natural compounds. In this thesis,
a DES composed of choline chloride and ascorbic acid in a 2:1 ratio, was prepared
and used for copper corrosion cleaning. The DES was diluted with water and the
DES to water ratio was optimized in terms of efficiency, time consumption, and
selectivity of cleaning.
It was found that DES solutions, having a concentration higher than 70 wt.%
were suitable for dissolving copper corrosion products. Meanwhile, they exhibited a
supressed dissolution ability of CaCO3 which is a common compound in many of
the supporting structures used for copper artefacts.
These solutions were then used for swelling cellulose membranes, and the
swelling capacity was monitored for a week. The swollen membrane was put on an
electrochemically corroded copper sheet for 24 hours. By removing the membrane,
the green malachite layer was successfully removed from the copper sheet while
preserving a reddish-brown cuprite layer. This was confirmed by performing X-ray
diffraction analysis before and after cleaning the copper sample.
For heritage objects, the defacing copper corrosion products of Cu (II) need to
be removed apart from protective layer of cuprite. We concluded that the cellulose
membranes containing DES solutions are promising materials for this purpose.