Academic literature on the topic 'MATERIAL CLASS MAPPING'
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Journal articles on the topic "MATERIAL CLASS MAPPING"
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Dila, Firda Ratna. "THE EFFECT OF MIND MAPPING LEARNING METHODS ON SOCIAL STUDIES MATERIALS COMPREHENSION OF STUDENTS." International Journal Pedagogy of Social Studies 4, no. 1 (November 20, 2019): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijposs.v4i1.15704.
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This study aims to examine the effect of mind mapping learning methods on social studies materials comprehension of students at Baleendah 2nd Junior High School. This study used a quasi-experimental method with the design of "nonequivalent control group design" with the pattern of "pretest" and "posttest" and carried out treatments in class VIII-F as the experimental class group and VIII-H as the control group used as a comparison. Sampling uses a purposive sampling technique. Data collection on the social studies material comprehension of students use questions as the main data. After the data is collected, the analysis is carried out quantitatively through hypothesis testing or T-Test. The results of the difference between "pretest" and "posttest" in the experimental class given treatment showed a significant difference in improvement, while the control class between "pretest" and "posttest" which were not given treatment the results were no difference or no improvement. It can be said that there are influences from mind mapping learning methods to on social studies materials comprehension of students.Keywords: comprehension of material, Mind Mapping Learning Method, Social Studies Learning
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Francis, Andrea P., Mareike B. Wieth, Kevin L. Zabel, and Thomas H. Carr. "A Classroom Study on the Role of Prior Knowledge and Retrieval Tool in the Testing Effect." Psychology Learning & Teaching 19, no. 3 (May 19, 2020): 258–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475725720924872.
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This quasi-experimental study investigated the role of prior psychology knowledge and in-class retrieval activity in the testing effect. Undergraduate introductory psychology students ( N = 53) from two classes at a small liberal arts college practiced retrieving information in class with multiple-choice quizzing and concept mapping. Prior psychology knowledge was measured using a 25-item multiple-choice pretest. Both students with high and low prior psychology knowledge had higher scores on examination material that was practiced in class with retrieval-based concept mapping compared to traditional multiple-choice quizzes and to no organized in-class retrieval activity at all. Only students with high prior psychology knowledge had higher scores on quizzed material compared to no organized in-class retrieval practice, and these scores were lower than those on material that was practiced with in-class concept mapping. In comparison to administering multiple-choice quiz questions, a more useful in-class activity might be to have students, especially those with less prior psychology knowledge, practice retrieving material through free recall and connection building activities such as a concept map.
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Chen, Yi-chao, and Eliot Fried. "Möbius bands, unstretchable material sheets and developable surfaces." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, no. 2192 (August 2016): 20160459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0459.
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A Möbius band can be formed by bending a sufficiently long rectangular unstretchable material sheet and joining the two short ends after twisting by 180 ° . This process can be modelled by an isometric mapping from a rectangular region to a developable surface in three-dimensional Euclidean space. Attempts have been made to determine the equilibrium shape of a Möbius band by minimizing the bending energy in the class of mappings from the rectangular region to the collection of developable surfaces. In this work, we show that, although a surface obtained from an isometric mapping of a prescribed planar region must be developable, a mapping from a prescribed planar region to a developable surface is not necessarily isometric. Based on this, we demonstrate that the notion of a rectifying developable cannot be used to describe a pure bending of a rectangular region into a Möbius band or a generic ribbon, as has been erroneously done in many publications. Specifically, our analysis shows that the mapping from a prescribed planar region to a rectifying developable surface is isometric only if that surface is cylindrical with the midline being the generator. Towards providing solutions to this issue, we discuss several alternative modelling strategies that respect the distinction between the physical constraint of unstretchability and the geometrical notion of developability.
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Syawaludin, Rahmat, and Sutama Sutama. "PENYUSUNAN PETA KONSEP MEMPERMUDAH BELAJAR SISWA SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19." Manajemen Pendidikan 15, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jmp.v15i2.11279.
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Based on some research, mind mapping proven effective to use in the class, but the use of mind mapping still rarely used in the class during pandemic. The purpose of this article is 1) to analyze of making mind mapping; 2) to describe the using of mind mapping during this pandemic; and 3) to analyze the impact of using mind mapping in class. This article uses literature study. The validity of this data is by using some study from another research with an extension time. Data comparation is used as data analysis technique in this article. The conclusion in this article are while making mind mapping, requires some laws so that benefit would achieved optimally; using mind mapping with outlines and good instruction about material is a good option during pandemic; using of mind mapping is proven effective to make student easier to know about the material and it will improve their critical thinking skills.
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Rochanah, Siti. "Upaya Meningkatkan Daya Ingat Tentang Materi Keseimbangan Lingkungan Dengan Menerapkan Teknik Mind Mapping." Journal on Education 4, no. 1 (November 19, 2021): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/joe.v4i1.414.
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This study aims to determine whether nor not there is an increase in the memory of the Environmental Balance material through the application of Mind Mapping techniques to students of Class 4-C SD Negeri Kendangsari I/276 Surabaya, and to determine how much the increase in the memory of the Environmental Balance material through the application of Mind Mapping techniques to students. Class 4-C SD Negeri Kendangsari I/276 Surabaya. This research was conducted to overcome the problem of low memory experienced by students of Class 4-C SD Negeri Kendangsari I/276 Surabaya. Therefore, the author as a teacher in the class tries to apply the Mind Mapping technique which focuses on student learning activities in order to get educational values, knowledge in learning and maximum memory. The action research was carried out in two learning cycles and, based on the exposure to the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded that there is an increase in the memory of the Environmental Balance material through the application of Mind Mapping techniques in Class 4-C students of SD Negeri Kendangsari I/276 Surabaya. Improved memory of Environmental Balance material through the application of Mind Mapping techniques in Grade 4-C students of SD Negeri Kendangsari I/276 Surabaya an average of 25%
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Ramadan, Ananda Sinta, Een Unaenah, Dessiana Zaudah, Nur Azizah, and Siti Ropidoh. "Analisis Bahan Ajar Matematika Kelas 5 di Sekolah Dasar." ALSYS 2, no. 4 (July 8, 2022): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.58578/alsys.v2i4.438.
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The purpose of this paper is to find out or describe the results of the analysis of open materials for Class V, whether they meet the requirements or characteristics of Class V students. The method we use is quantitative research. This study discusses the importance of teaching materials used in 5SD class. The mathematics teaching materials used in elementary school grade V are the book published by the Ministry of Education and Culture in the Revised Edition of 2018 "Happy to Learn Mathematics". From our analysis, it was found that the material contained in the book was in accordance with the mapping of the material in class V. In general, the material presented was more about finding the concepts learned by students, not finding the application of concepts.
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Andriani, Andriani, Nelius Harefa, Elferida Sormin, and St Fatimah Azzah. "Students’ learning outcomes on hydrocarbon materials through mind mapping method." Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia 13, no. 3 (December 8, 2021): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jpkim.v13i3.29381.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Mind Mapping learning method on student learning outcomes in class XI MIPA SMAN 1 Siberut Tengah on hydrocarbon material. The research sample amounted to 28 students, who were selected using the Purpose Sampling technique. The instrument used was a test instrument for chemistry learning outcomes, in the form of pretest and posttest which were analyzed using SPSS 22 for window to determine the results of the T-test on the Independent Sample Test. Normality test using Shapiro-Wilk test on sig. > 0.05 that is equal to 0.034. The results of hypothesis testing using the Independent Sample Test which shows that the value of sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 < 0.05, which means Ha is accepted. Thus, it is concluded that there is an effect of using Mind Mapping to improve student chemistry learning outcomes.
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Kartikowati, Rr Sri, Gimin Gimin, and Sakdanur Sakdanur. "Mind-mapping for conceptual material of introduction to management." JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES 2, no. 1 (February 6, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jes.2.1.p.83-90.
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Students with difficulty in comprehending conceptual materials need media that has powers in organizational, procedural visual, and supporting creative thinking; all are integrated in a mind-mapping media. This research is aimed to develop a learning design of Introduction to Management based on mind-mapping media concerning with conceptual materials. This is an early phase of research and development activities, in Introduction to Management class. Data of needs analysis is obtained through survey technique on 38 college students, then followed by literature study and focus group discussions. The result shows that a learning design of Introduction to Management, that highlights conceptual materials, has constructed on the basis of mind-mapping media. The design consisted of learning outcome, stages of preparing mind mapping media, and measurement method of effectiveness of the learning design implementation.
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Hardiah, Mei. "The Implementation Of Mind Mapping Technique to Improve Students Understanding in English Morphology." Al-Lughah: Jurnal Bahasa 8, no. 1 (September 26, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/lughah.v8i1.2348.
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This study aims to know how far the application of Mind Mapping technique is capable to improve students understanding on theoretical course such as English Morphology.The method of the research is experiment with queasy experiment applying nonequivalent control group design . Population of this research are odd semester students (3rd semester) who take lecture on English Morphology course. There are two classes’ namely experimental class which is treated with mind mapping technique and control class which is taught conventionally. After applying mind mapping technique in experimental class, the result is significantly different. The experiment class achievement from the test is better than the result of the test in the control class. Moreover based on the observation, the students from the class treated with mind mapping technique proved to be more motivated and enthusiastic in understanding the material. Student’s center is also implemented in experimented class.
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Putra, Resa Junias. "PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN METODE CONCEPT MAPPING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR PADA MATERI JENIS-JENIS PEKERJAAN." Inculco Journal of Christian Education 1, no. 3 (January 29, 2022): 192–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.59404/ijce.v1i3.23.
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The background of this research study is because of the low student learning outcomes, especially on the material types of work. This can be seen from the number of students who do not understand the material types of work. Many of the students are still confused about the type of work that produces goods and services. In fact, many of the students get low grades. Seeing this, the researchers tried to provide solutions to the student's problems by using the concept mapping method on the learning outcomes of fourth grade elementary school students regarding the types of work. This research is an experimental quantitative study with a posttest-only control design.This study used two classes, namely the experimental class and the control class with different treatments. This study aims to determine the effect of using the concept mapping method on the learning outcomes of fourth grade elementary school students regarding the types of work. The number of students in this study were all fourth grade students consisting of two classes, namely class IV B as the experimental class, totaling 29 students and class IV A as the control class, totaling 31 students, the total population was 60 students.The results of research using the concept mapping method on student learning outcomes in the subject of types of work indicate a change in the average score of students. The average score of the students in the experimental class given the concept mapping method was higher than the average score for the control class given the lecture treatment. This shows that the concept mapping method has an effect on the learning outcomes of fourth grade students.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "MATERIAL CLASS MAPPING"
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PATEL, RISHI. "MATERIAL CLASS MAPPING BY REFLECTANCE MATCHING OF HYPER/MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY." Thesis, 2017. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/16037.
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The main objective of this study is material mapping in hyperspectral image with the help of spectral reflectance matching. Presence of reflectance curve is the heart and soul of any operation performed, considering hyperspectral imagery. Certain material shows unique or characteristic reflectance plot known as signature plot or footprint within the range of spectrum. This feature of Hyperspectral image is exploited in case of material mapping. Visible materials like road, plantation, rooftops etc or even invisible materials like, soil constituents (carbonates, Na, K salts, water presence) or even the presence of ores of minerals (e.g. cuprite, alunite) beneath the surface of the earth can be predicted with sufficient accuracy. Hyperspectral data pose challenges to image interpretation, because of the need for calibration, redundancy in information, and high data volume due to large dimensionality of the feature space.
In this project, hyperspectral image classification, band reduction and new technique for hyperspectral image classification is proposed and implemented. Both visual and quantitative results are calculated with the help of matlab. This project also designs a basic toolbox in MATLAB for processing and classification of hyperspectral image. Processing of hyperspectral image is divided into five modules, each performing specific operation. First, Acquisition of hypermultispectral image and display of its basic properties. Second, Formulation of classes with the help of user selecting points over displayed hyper-multispectral image. For the images in which signature reflectance library is already available user help for the selection of spectral signature is not required. Third, Reduction of Dimension of hyperspectral image up to user specified number of bands and calculation of the amount of information lost. Fourth, Material class mapping by reflectance Matching of hyper\multispectral image using traditional SAS, SDS, SCS deterministic approach. New method proposed for material classification over traditional SAS, SDS, SCS approach, (regression transform is used over reflectance curve to obtained separate regression distance class matrix) displaying the result using windowing technique and enhancing the output using Floyd dithering technique. Fifth, this part calculates the number of pixels, amount of area classified under each class, processing time, accuracy comparison between traditional and proposed techniques.
Proposed method shows considerable improvement both visually and quantitatively over previous method. For the data set downloaded who’s ground truth is not available, pictorial result is shown and quantitative analysis is done for the images with ground truth present.
Books on the topic "MATERIAL CLASS MAPPING"
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Bailey, Candace. Unbinding Gentility. University of Illinois Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043758.001.0001.
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This book is a history of women in the US South told through the medium of music, focusing on music’s social and cultural uses, and mapping the cultural geography across space and time. The subjects represent a wide range of circumstances: enslaved women of color, white plantation daughters, both black and white daughters of middle-class families, women born on small farms, the daughters of mechanics. By recasting southern musical practices from the point of view of women’s history, it recovers silent voices and positions them within the social world of which they were so much a part. Significantly, it also introduces the existence and influence of professional women. The concentration here is music read from notation. Spending the time and money to learn to read music implies a tangible appreciation for its undertaking, and it indicates that those who paid for the education saw a benefit in doing so. It conferred value, in this case cultural capital, on those musicking in all its facets. This value, in turn, served in the performance of gentility in the mid-nineteenth century. The source materials include binder’s volumes (bound volumes of sheet music or manuscripts), letters, diaries, the contents of newspapers, images, and other types of documentation. As an ethnographic reading of archival sources, this study crafts new and vital interpretations of music in southern culture.
Book chapters on the topic "MATERIAL CLASS MAPPING"
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Dharia, Namita Vijay. "Artefacts and Artifices of the Global." In Mapping the Elite, 139–61. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199491070.003.0005.
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The real estate crash in the Global North in 2008, accompanied by the growth of a comparatively stable real estate market in India, saw a number of architects and allied companies from the Global North enter India’s National Capital Region (NCR). Indian state actors and developers, as well as corporations from the Global North, propagated a discourse of the global in order to generate economic and cultural capital for their work. The discourse operated through and embedded into the built environment and material landscapes of NCR. This paper argues that elite cultures in India need to be understood as an entanglement of local governing and corporate elite with foreign elite actors. It further argues that material environments act as sites through which both local and international groups contest, claim, and reframe the elite identities in India, intimately tying together the global and the elite. Material worlds are integral to understanding the dynamics of elite interactions in the Global North and Global South as they cross language barriers, disseminate knowledge sensorially, and constitute the foci of multinational capitalist intervention in developing countries. This paper is part of a cross-class ethnography of the building construction industry in NCR.
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Gibson, Catherine. "Mapping Latvians in Local and Global Perspectives." In Geographies of Nationhood, 133–75. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192844323.003.0005.
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The chapter explores the different concepts of Latvians and Latvia that emerged among mapmakers in the Baltic provinces in the late nineteenth century. The Bielenstein family of Baltic German mapmakers used maps to consolidate a vision of their Germanic Heimat in rural Kurland through the efforts of pastor August Bielenstein and his children to map the Latvian language area. This is contrasted with the outlook of Riga-based teacher, ethnographer, and museum director Matīss Siliņš, who both mapped his vision of a Latvian territory and situated Baltic inhabitants in relation to global migration patterns at the turn of the twentieth century. The chapter sets the emergence of these different spatial narratives against the backdrop of the growing demand for cheap paper products and popular science publications in vernacular languages among the population of the Baltic region, who had the highest literacy rates in the whole of the Russian Empire. Not restricted by the ban on printing in Latin script imposed on other parts of the western borderlands, printing houses in the Baltic produced maps for display at public exhibitions, on classroom walls, or for inclusion in geography textbooks. The increasing visibility of cartographic print culture in society transformed maps into a familiar object of everyday material and visual culture, spreading map literacy among a broad spectrum of lower-class Latvian-readers. The chapter elucidates the ways in which the interests of mapmakers and demands of consumers conjoined to shape cartography as a form of popular print culture in late imperial Russia.
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Lemon, Alaina. "Intuition and Rupture." In Technologies for Intuition. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520294271.003.0008.
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Interaction frames—the conventions that tell us to look at the stage, to focus in the passport booth—serve as technologies for intuition. Frames work this way because they are both imaginary and material at the same time as they fix or nudge, as Bateson remarked, our ideologies and practices for reading signs at all. Broken frames serve just as well or better. In fact, it is people’s capacity to break frames or layer competing ones that sets many questions for intuition in motion. Artists and then social theorists have called this process estrangement. But we cannot rest with mapping frames like intersecting circles, we need still to probe the tropes by which people differently recognize a frame—or anything—as broken or fragmented. The bits of ruin interpreted as signs of working-class evil in the United States, for instance, were badges of ingenuity and survival in post-WWII Russia. This chapter explores the local and geopolitical forces that torque perceptions and readings of conflict and rupture and that enchant dreams of wholeness. Contact does not become an issue for intuition to solve until some space of rupture or distance is made meaningful (or even imagined). Meanwhile, theatrical and psychic training in flexible framing separates phatic experts from the rest.
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Arya, Meenakshi Sumeet, Prashant Borkar, and Prasanna S. Devi. "Buddy Pair Approach as a Tool to Assess the Efficacy of Outcome-Based Education." In Assessment Tools for Mapping Learning Outcomes With Learning Objectives, 255–75. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4784-7.ch014.
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The buddy system framework is a thought where two individuals need to be as one during the class, sit alongside one another, answer pair cooperate, examine together, and share materials with one another. In addition, a buddy needs to share the ongoing proceedings, lessons, assignments, or activities in and out of the class at whatever point he/she will be late or missing in class. Accordingly, with the buddy system, everyone needs to have each other's contact number. This chapter aims to introduce buddy pair as a catalyst in achieving the outcomes as desired by a student during the course of his education. The chapter also aims to throw light on various case studies giving out the relevance and efficacy of the method.
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Oral, Yasemin. "A Case on Teaching Critical Thinking and Argument Mapping in a Teacher Education Context." In Cases on Teaching Critical Thinking through Visual Representation Strategies, 119–39. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5816-5.ch005.
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This chapter is based on the classroom work of a course on critical thinking designed as part of a pre-service teacher education program in English language teaching at a large-size Turkish state university. With its dual focus on both modernist and postmodern approaches to critical thinking, the course offers scope for classwork that concentrates on the skills to identify the parts and structure of arguments. To this end, argument mapping has been utilized to enhance understanding of the components of arguments and to facilitate the analysis of arguments. This chapter seeks to illustrate the materials and activities used when argument maps have been constructed during the class sessions. Furthermore, drawing from the data gathered from students' journal entries, I argue for a high interplay of the perceived efficacy of argument mapping with the content, length, and complexity of arguments as well as the anxiety evoked by these factors.
Conference papers on the topic "MATERIAL CLASS MAPPING"
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Rosen, David W. "A Set-Based Design Method for Material-Geometry Structures by Design Space Mapping." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46760.
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The objective of this work is a multiscale, set-based design method for mechanical components and their manufacturing processes and materials with interactive identification of feasible design regions. A unique aspect of the proposed method is the ability to adjust both material properties, through process planning, and part geometry, through exploration of various cellular structures (e.g., lattices, honeycombs), in order to achieve design goals. More specifically, the proposed design method can effectively explore the achievement of desired mechanical properties by controlling process conditions, material properties, and/or selecting appropriate feature configurations. Material process-property relationships and cellular structure structure-property relationships are modeled to create a comprehensive multiscale design space mapping database. Bayesian network classifiers enable real-time “inverse mapping” that identify feasible regions of the unit cell, feature, and process spaces, thus providing immediate feedback to the designer regarding the feasibility of the current component design. The design method is demonstrated on a class of mechanical components that are manufactured by electron-beam melting (EBM) in Ti-6Al-4V.
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Wang, H., N. Pramanik, U. Roy, R. Sudarsan, R. D. Sriram, and K. W. Lyons. "A Scheme for Transformation of Tolerance Specifications to Generalized Deviation Space for Use in Tolerance Synthesis and Analysis." In ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/dac-34146.
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Traditionally tolerances for manufactured parts are specified using symbolic schemes as per ASME or ISO standards. To use these tolerance specifications in computerized tolerance synthesis and analysis, we need information models to represent the tolerances. Tolerance specifications could be modeled as a class with its attributes and methods [ROY01]. Tolerances impose restrictions on the possible deviation of features from its nominal size/shape. These variations of shape/size of a feature could be modeled as deviation of a set of generalized coordinates defined at some convenient point on the feature [BAL98]. In this paper, we present a method for converting tolerance specifications as per MMC (Maximum Material Condition) / LMC (Least Material Condition) / RFS (Regardless of Feature Size) material conditions for standard mating features (planar, cylindrical, and spherical) into a set of inequalities in a deviation space for representation of deviation of a feature from it’s nominal shape. We have used the virtual condition boundaries (VCB) as well as tolerance zones (as the case may be) for these mappings. For the planar feature, these relations are linear and the bounded space is diamond shaped. For the other cases, the mapping is a set of nonlinear inequalities. The mapping transforms the tolerance specifications into a generalized coordinate frame as a set of inequalities. These are useful in tolerance synthesis, and analysis as well as in assemblability analysis in the generalized coordinate system (deviation space). In this paper, we also illustrate the mapping procedures with an example.
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Tanaka, Ryozo, Takao Sugimoto, Masanori Ryu, Masayoshi Kinugawa, and Koichiro Tsuji. "Continuing Improvements of 20MW-Class GT Kawasaki L20A." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90394.
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Kawasaki Heavy Industries launched the first model of L20A gas turbine, rated at 18MW, in 2001 [1]. After the first model was launched, continuing improvements in both performance and durability have been made [2]. This paper describes the latest improvement activities, including cooling improvement of the 1st stage turbine blades using the results from an optical pyrometer thermal mapping system (Rotamap II) and performance improvements achieved by reducing the secondary air flow. In addition, by applying the non-cooled 2nd stage turbine blades made of single crystal material, plus improved rim sealing structure, cavity temperature was kept below the desired limit with a reduced amount of cooling air being required. KHI also developed a L20A “STEAM INJECTION” version. This system enables the utilization of the variable surplus steam of a cogeneration plant to increase the electric output. This paper describes the test result of L20A model gas turbine with steam injection capabilities. In the test, performance and emissions were measured as usual, but in addition, metal temperature of 1st stage blade was measured using the pyrometer system in order to confirm the propriety of the TIT de-rate schedule which keeps the metal temperature at the same level as the L20A “NORMAL” version under the steam injected condition.
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Pigazzi, Riccardo, Chiara Confalonieri, Marco Rossoni, Elisabetta Gariboldi, and Giorgio Colombo. "Ontologies As a Tool for Design and Material Engineers." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24042.
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Abstract Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs), initially conceptualized in the ’80, have recently attracted a great research interest thanks to the advent of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. AM permits to gradationally varying the spatial composition or porosity inside an object resulting in a corresponding spatial change in material properties. The data about this new class of materials are radically different from the traditional engineering materials and require information about the object geometry. Moreover, traditional methods for product design are not sufficient to represent heterogeneous objects. The full exploitation of these technologies requires the synergy of material science, product modeling and manufacturing domain. Ontologies can play a crucial role for the integration, making the information accessible and understandable to both experts from different domains and machines. In this paper, a prototypical ontology for the characterization of FGM objects is proposed. Firstly, an already existing FGM ontology is analyzed, highlighting shortcomings and possible improvements. Then, the new ontology is proposed, focusing on the classes and relationships for accommodating material knowledge and geometrical information. The core idea, retrieved from the literature on heterogeneous object representation and transposed in an ontological fashion, is based on the mapping between the geometrical 3D space and the n-dimensional material space. After presenting the new ontology, a benchmark case study is described to test the effectiveness of this approach along with some competency questions an engineer might be interested in. The proposed ontology represents a first, crucial building block for a more complex system aiming to support the communication and knowledge sharing among different actors in engineering.
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Zarrin-Ghalami, Touhid, and Sandip Datta. "Automotive Applications Multiaxial Proving Grounds and Road Test Simulator: Durability Prediction Methodology Development and Correlation for Rubber Components." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0723.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Many chassis and powertrain components in the transportation and automotive industry experience multi-axial cyclic service loading. A thorough load-history leading to durability damage should be considered in the early vehicle production steps.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The key feature of rubber fatigue analysis discussed in this study is how to define local critical location strain time history based on nominal and complex load time histories. Material coupon characterization used here is the crack growth approach, based on fracture mechanics parameters. This methodology was utilized and presented for a truck engine mount. Temperature effects are not considered since proving ground (PG) loads are generated under isothermal high temperature and low frequency conditions without high amounts of self-heating.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This novel methodology for fatigue life calculation involves finding independent load channels and mapping all load history through converting single or multichannel load-displacement history into stress-strain history for a nonlinear elastic finite element model. After finding strain history, a critical plane approach, based on crack energy density, is used for life predictions. Rainflow cycle counting methodology and linear damage rules are used for load cycle characterization and damage accumulation, respectively.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This methodology is correlated with component proving ground vehicle testing under complete service conditions for the vehicle. Predictions are validated through analysis of hot spot high stress locations, life regime, and strain states. Comparative results of numerical predictions show reasonable correlation with experimental data.</div></div>
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Gaffney, P. J., L. J. Creighton, A. Curry, B. MacMahon, and R. Thorpe. "MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES OF THE IgM AND IgG CLASS SPECIFIC FOR CROSSLINKED FIBRIN DEGRADATION PRODUCTS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643651.
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Monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to crosslinked fibrin degradation products (XL-FDP) having the general formula D/Y[X]nY/D (known as X-oligomer) and D-D (known as D dimer) have been raised in balb/C mice by both a novel mtrasplenic and a conventional subcutaneous route of immunisation and by combinations of both these procedures. Mabs to X-oligomers (NIBn 52 and NIBn 123) obtained by an intrasplenic procedure have been demonstrated to crossreact only with X-oligomer in a 2-site ELISA procedure and not with D dimer or whole fibrinogen and have been shown to be of value m the examination of clinical material obtained from patients with various types of thrombosis and have also been useful in monitoring the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy. The X-oligomer mabs are immunoglobulins of the M class. It was demonstrated that their unique specificity for conformational epitopes on the large X-oligomer fragments does not reside in the IgM structure since alterative immunisation procedures have been used to generate mabs of the IgG class which have the same specificity. Using immunoglobulin class switching in culture rather than during immunisation was suggested by certain cell lines which produced both IgM and IgG specific for X-oligomer. This latter point needs rigorous validation.Immunoglobulin G type mabs to highly purified D dimer were raised by conventional subcutaneous immunisation of balb/C mice. One of these, NIBn-11, was found to crossreact with PVC-immobilised X-oligomer and D dimer but not with fibrinogen. However NIBn-11 did not bind to D dimer in a 2-site ELISA procedure while crossreactmg quite avidly with X-oligomer. This suggests that the D dimer epitope to which NIBn-11 is directed is expressed in some conformations and not m others and that these conformations are always expressed in the complex X-oligomer group of fragments. These mabs, whilst of value in measuring certain unique fibrin fragments m plasma, are useful in the epitope mapping of fibrinogen/fibrin and their plasmm-mediated
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Jiang, Shuo, Jianxi Luo, Guillermo Ruiz Pava, Jie Hu, and Christopher L. Magee. "A Convolutional Neural Network-Based Patent Image Retrieval Method for Design Ideation." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22048.
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Abstract The patent database is often used in searches of inspirational stimuli for innovative design opportunities because of its large size, extensive variety and rich design information in patent documents. However, most patent mining research only focuses on textual information and ignores visual information. Herein, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based patent image retrieval method. The core of this approach is a novel neural network architecture named Dual-VGG that is aimed to accomplish two tasks: visual material type prediction and international patent classification (IPC) class label prediction. In turn, the trained neural network provides the deep features in the image embedding vectors that can be utilized for patent image retrieval and visual mapping. The accuracy of both training tasks and patent image embedding space are evaluated to show the performance of our model. This approach is also illustrated in a case study of robot arm design retrieval. Compared to traditional keyword-based searching and Google image searching, the proposed method discovers more useful visual information for engineering design.
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Aravinda Priyadrashini, K., and B. N. Rao. "Coupled Finite Element-Moving Least Squares Technique for Stochastic Structural Response of Cracked Structures." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93756.
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In recent years, a class of Galerkin-based meshfree or meshless methods have been developed that do not require a structured mesh to discretize the problem, such as the element-free Galerkin method, and the reproducing kernel particle method. These methods employ a moving least-squares (MLS) approximation method that allows resultant shape functions to be constructed entirely in terms of arbitrarily placed nodes. These methods employ a moving least-squares approximation method that allows resultant shape functions to be constructed entirely in terms of arbitrarily placed nodes. Meshless discretization presents significant advantages for modeling fracture propagation. By sidestepping remeshing requirements, crack-propagation analysis can be dramatically simplified. Since no element connectivity data are needed, the burdensome remeshing required by the FEM is avoided. A growing crack can be modeled by simply extending the free surfaces, which correspond to the crack. In addition, stochastic meshless method (SMM) facilitates to have different discretizations for capturing the spatial variability of the material properties and the structural response, without much difficulty in mapping between the two discretizations. However, the computational cost of a SMM typically exceeds the cost of a SFEM. Hence, it is advantageous to adopt MLS approximation for material property discretization and FEM for structural response computation. This paper presents a new coupled finite element-moving least squares technique for predicting probabilistic structural response and reliability of cracked structures.
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Asadizadeh, M., A. Hedayat, L. Tunstall, M. Taboada Neira, J. A. Vega González, and J. W. Verá Alvarado. "Investigation of Mode II Fracture Behavior of Alkali-Activated Mine Tailings." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0844.
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ABSTRACT Reuse of mine tailings (MTs) rich in aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide to produce a geopolymer using an alkali activator is a sustainable approach to reduce the MTs’ environmental hazard. The fracturing behavior of mine tailing-based alkali activated materials under mode II loading has been largely unexplored. In this study, the mode II fracture tests have been adopted to examine the double-edge notched Brazilian disk (DNBD) geopolymer specimens under diametral loading. A mixture of MTS (85% wt.), class F fly ash (FA) (15% wt.), and 10 M NaOH solution with solid/liquid ratio of 14% was prepared, and using a cylindrical mold, specimens were cast and then cured at 70 °C. Mode II fracture toughness, the evolution of the crack tip opening and sliding displacement and the shear and minimum principal strain behavior were examined through strain mapping using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique. The results showed that although DNBD is intended to provide pure mode II loading, mixed mode fracturing was observed, as there was still some crack surface opening. The study highlights the need for further investigation to fully understand the nature of mixed-mode fracture behavior in DNBD specimens and its implications for material characterization. With the rise in demand for mineral excavation and processing, significant quantities of mine tailings (MTs) are produced annually around the world. MTs are the waste rocks that are left over after the extraction of valuable metals has been completed during the mineral processing. As a result, there is a growing concern on how to manage the increasing amounts of MTs that are generated, and how to utilize them effectively. Based on the different phases, MTs can be stored either in impounding lakes for slurries or waste piles for solids (Kiventerä et al., 2018). Given their abundance and potential impact on the environment, it is important to explore ways to reuse these materials. MTs that contain sufficient quantities of aluminosilicates can be efficiently transformed into sustainable building materials by subjecting them to the process of alkaline activation and geopolymerization. The geopolymerization process creates a strong and durable material that can be used in various construction applications, including the manufacturing of bricks, tiles, and concrete (Davidovits, 2020; Muñoz Velasco et al., 2014; Provis & Van Deventer, 2009). Therefore, the utilization of MTs as a resource for construction materials can offer economic and environmental advantages (Singh et al., 2015; Zhang, Hedayat, Bolaños Sosa, Huamani Bernal, et al., 2021; Zhang, Hedayat, Han, et al., 2022; Zhang, Hedayat, Perera-Mercado, et al., 2022).
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I Chen, Ching, Meng-Cong Zheng, and I. Wen Yen. "The Achievement of Using Research Results from Mixed Methods in Design Workshop within Educational Scenario." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002013.
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We often combine several methods and tools when running a design workshop, e.g., brainstorming and affinity diagram. Suppose participants have many divergent ideas without fully understanding the design subject matter's users, behaviors, and scenes, although many ideas can be collected. In that case, the result is often difficult to focus on the problem they originally intended to solve. Therefore, this research wants to know whether the innovative ideas of participants are restricted by providing the same background material. And how to use different design thinking tools in combination to improve the effectiveness of the workshop. The design subject of this workshop is a recycling vehicle currently operated and managed by the government. The design goal is to design additional modules that can be used flexibly in the existing recycling vehicles to improve waste separation and recycling efficiency.Before implementing the design workshop, we collected many objective facts and subjective opinions through qualitative and quantitative investigation methods such as field observation, questionnaire survey, interview, and symposium. We visualized the survey results (photos, behavioral mapping, statistic chart, etc.) to form the materials for the design workshop. The workshop ran for eight hours in one day, and a total of 10 industrial design master class students were divided into two groups. Four stages guided the two workshop hosts in sequence: the KJ method, empathy map, user journey, and design sketch. There are four stages to guide the process. During the period, the two groups each reported an affinity diagram, two user journeys (one for cleaning staff and one for a citizen), and four empathy maps. Finally, a professor from the Industrial Design Institute will comment on the sketch.As a result, participants created ten sets of sketches focusing on problem-solving but with different innovative ideas. Participants also learned various design thinking tools in a short period. Using the mixed method research results as materials and combining different method tools to guide the process of the workshop will ultimately help the design workshop produce specific achievements.