Journal articles: 'Material and Mechanical Characterization'

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Mohd Riza, Nor Syaheera, Nuryazmin Ahmat Zainuri, Mohd Zaki Nuawi, Noorhelyna Razali, and Haliza Othman. "Pencirian Sifat Mekanikal Bahan dengan Pendekatan Analisis Fraktal." Jurnal Kejuruteraan si5, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2022-si5(2)-12.

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Material selection is one of the main factors in the building structure. In this study, an alternative method was implemented using fractal analysis method. The use of this method can be used for cost savings and accident rates to identify the mechanical properties of each material. The purpose of this research is to study the time series resulting from experiments using piezo film sensors using fractal analysis and investigating the properties of different mechanical materials (poisson ratios) with different impact forces using fractal dimensions. There are four types of selected materials namely brass, copper, mild steel and stainless steel which is in round in shape. Different impact forces are generated by using an impact hammer and subsequently a vibration signal is obtained from a piezo film sensor. Using Matlab software, analysis using the fractal method was performed. The fractal dimension was obtained from the gradient values of the log-log plot and the fractal dimension was calculated for each impact force applied to each specimen. Then, fractal dimension values were compared using CES Edupack2012 for characterization of the properties of each material. It can be concluded that the value of fractal dimension increases when the impact forces increase too whereas a decrease in the poisson ratio occurs when the fractal dimensions of each material increase.

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Vogel, J., H. J. Feige, J. Saupe, S. Schubert, and J. Grimm. "Mechanical material characterization of photosensitive polymers." Microsystem Technologies 20, no. 10-11 (December 15, 2013): 1975–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-013-2028-0.

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Bellelli, Alberto, and Andrea Spaggiari. "Magneto-mechanical characterization of magnetorheological elastomers." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 17 (February 8, 2019): 2534–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19828828.

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This work analyses the properties and the magneto-mechanical characteristics of magnetorheological elastomers, a class of smart materials not yet broadly investigated. First, set of several samples of this material was manufactured, each one characterized by a different percentage of ferromagnetic material inside the viscoelastic matrix. The specimens were manufactured in order to create isotropic and anisotropic configurations, respectively, with randomly dispersed ferromagnetic particles or with an aligned distribution, obtained through and external magnetic field. Then, the mechanical behaviour of each sample was analysed by conducting a compression test, both with and without an external magnetic field. Moreover, a three-point bending test was also performed on the same specimens. Stiffness, deformation at maximum stress and specific energy dissipated were calculated based on the experimental data. The results were analysed considering the mechanical responses, and an analysis of variance was carried out in order to assess the statistical influence of each variable. The experimental results highlighted a strong correlation between the percentage of ferromagnetic material in each sample and its mechanical behaviour. The anisotropicity of the material, aligned in columnar structures, also affects the stiffness measured in the compression test, while the external magnetic field’s main contribution is to reduce the samples’ maximum deformation. Using analysis of variance results as guidelines, we built a simple phenomenological model which produces quite reliable predictions regarding the mechanical response of the magnetorheological elastomers under compressive stress.

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Radosavljević, Goran, Nelu Blaž, Andrea Marić, W. Smetana, and Ljiljana Živanov. "Mechanical, Electrical and Thermal Characterization of Commercially Available LTCC Dielectric Tapes." Key Engineering Materials 543 (March 2013): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.543.212.

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Presented paper deals with mechanical and electrical properties of several commercially available LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Technology) tapes, as well as their thermal characterization. Three commercially available dielectric tape materials provided by Heraeus (CT700, CT707 and CT800) are investigated. The samples for determination of significant material parameters are prepared using the standard LTCC fabrication process. Results of the material characterization (chemical analysis, surface roughness electrical and mechanical properties) are presented. In addition thermo-electrical and-mechanical characterization of investigated tapes analysis is performed.

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Chen, Ke, Jiang Li Lin, Guang Fu Yin, and Yi Zheng. "Shear Mechanical Properties Characterization of Material via Ultrasound Vibrometry." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 826–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.826.

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Measurement of mechanical properties is very important in material science research area. Shear mechanical properties can be obtained from ultrasound vibromery method. Generally, ultrasound vibrometry is based on Voigt model which cannot describe some viscoelastic material accurately. Our method is based on Zener model, and more precise description of mechanical behavior can be measured. In our work, finite element method and experiment are conducted to validate our approach. Shear wave velocities at harmonics in finite element simulation are very close to the theoretical value and the fitting results from experiment demonstrate that our method has better ability to characterize some materials.

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Lau, Hang Kuen. "Battery Materials Characterization Workflow for Effective Battery Electrode Manufacturing Processes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 6 (October 9, 2022): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-026590mtgabs.

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A lithium-ion battery’s performance characteristics demand the highest performing materials in the anode, cathode, electrolyte, and separator. Materials characterization is an essential set of analytical techniques for ensuring optimal battery performance during the stages of material selection, development, and manufacturing. Key material characterization technologies for ensuring that batteries achieve their performance characteristics include thermal analysis, rheology, mechanical analysis and isothermal microcalorimetry. Thermal analysis provides insights into material thermal stability and structure change under different temperature ranges. Rheology provides insights into battery slurry storage, mixing, coating, and drying for more uniform and defect free electrode manufacturing. Mechanical testing provides insights into structure-property relationship such as verifying whether the polymer material in a separator will shut down safely without melting. Isothermal microcalorimetry allows researchers to study the electrochemistry of a working battery cell by enabling direct heat flow measurements that provide insights into battery lifetime. This presentation will focus on the electrode manufacturing with thermal analysis and rheology characterization to highlight how advanced material characterization can help battery researchers, developers, and production specialists develop better analytical material characterization and quality control procedures.

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Lindskog, Per, Daniel C. Andersson, and Per-Lennart Larsson. "An Experimental Device for Material Characterization of Powder Materials." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 41, no. 3 (March 27, 2013): 20120107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte20120107.

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Gohil, Piyush P., and A. A. Shaikh. "Cotton-Epoxy Composites: Development and Mechanical Characterization." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.291.

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Composites are becoming essential part of today’s material because they offer advantages such as low weight, corrosion resistance, high fatigue strength; faster assembly etc. composites are generating curiosity and interest all over the worlds. The attempts can be found in literature for composite materials high strength fiber and also natural fiber like jute, flax and sisal natural fibers provides data but there is need of experimental data availability for unidirectional natural fiber composite with seldom natural fiber like cotton, palm leaf etc., it can provide a feasible range of alternative materials to suitable conventional material. It was decided to carry out the systematic experimental study for the effect of volume fraction of reinforcement on longitudinal strength as well as Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) using developed mould-punch set up and testing aids. The testing is carried out as per ASTM D3039/3039M-08. The comparative assessment of obtained experimental results with literature is also carried out, which forms an important constituent of present work. It is also observed through SEM images and theoretical investigations that interface/interphase plays and important role in natural fiber composite.

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Lamberti, Luciano. "Advances in Multi-Scale Mechanical Characterization of Materials with Optical Methods." Materials 14, no. 23 (November 28, 2021): 7282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237282.

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The mechanical characterization of materials embraces many different aspects, such as, for example, (i) to assess materials’ constitutive behavior under static and dynamic conditions; (ii) to analyze material microstructure; (iii) to assess the level of damage developed in the material; (iv) to determine surface/interfacial properties; and (v) to optimize manufacturing processes in terms of process speed and reliability and obtain the highest quality of manufactured products [...]

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Němeček, Jiří, and Vlastimil Kralik. "Local Mechanical Characterization of Metal Foams by Nanoindentation." Key Engineering Materials 662 (September 2015): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.662.59.

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This paper deals with microstructure and micromechanical properties of two commercially available aluminium foams (Alporas and Aluhab). Since none of the materials is available in a bulk and standard mechanical testing at macro-scale is not possible the materials need to be tested at micro-scale. To obtain both elastic and plastic properties quasi-static indentation was performed with two different indenter geometries (Berkovich and spherical tips). The material phase properties were analyzed with statistical grid indentation method and micromechanical homogenization was applied to obtain effective elastic wall properties. In addition, effective inelastic properties of cell walls were identified with spherical indentation. Constitutive parameters related to elasto-plastic material with linear isotropic hardening (the yield point and tangent modulus) were directly deduced from the load–depth curves of spherical indentation tests using formulations of the representative strain and stress introduced by Tabor.

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Zhu, Rong, Zong Rui Zhang, Ming Bei Zhu, and Xin Yu Wang. "Synthesis and Characterization of Biomedical Aliphatic Polyurethane Material." Materials Science Forum 809-810 (December 2014): 520–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.809-810.520.

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Biomedical transparent poly(carbonate-urethane) elastomers were synthesized by melting pre-polymer method, using 4,4’-methylenebis (cyclohexyl isocyanate)(H12MDI) and chain extender (butadiene)(BDO) as hard segment, poly(1,6-hexanediol) carbonate diols(PCDL) as soft segment, and dibutyltin dilaurate as catalyst.The effects of molar ratio of the reactants on mechanical properties of PCU were studied and the relationship between micro-phase separation structure and properties was analyzed by the contact angle determination, total reflection fourier transform infrared spectrography(ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter(DSC),gel permeation chromatograph (GPC), mechanical property test. The comparative analysis was made between the prepared material and commercial medical polyurethane materials, showing the prepared poly(carbonate-urethane) elastomers was better in mechanical properties. As a elastic biomedical material, it has a great potential for developments and applications in biomedical materials.

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Ali, Asar, Farman Ali, Muhammad Irfan, Fazal Muhammad, Adam Glowacz, Jose Alfonso Antonino-Daviu, Wahyu Caesarendra, and Salman Qamar. "Mechanical Pressure Characterization of CNT-Graphene Composite Material." Micromachines 11, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11111000.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene are extensively studied materials in the field of sensing technology and other electronic devices due to their better functional and structural properties. Additionally, more attention is given to utilize these materials as a filler to reinforce the properties of other materials. However, the role of weight percentage of CNTs in the piezoresistive properties of these materials has not been reported yet. In this work, CNT-graphene composite-based piezoresistive pressure samples in the form of pellets with different weight percentages of CNTs were fabricated and characterized. All the samples exhibit a decrease in the direct current (DC) resistance with the increase in external uniaxial applied pressure from 0 to 74.8 kNm−2. However, under the same external uniaxial applied pressure, the DC resistance exhibit more decrease as the weight percentage of the CNTs increase in the composites.

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Cerbu, Camelia. "Mechanical Characterization of the Flax/Epoxy Composite Material." Procedia Technology 19 (2015): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2015.02.039.

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Vasconcelos, Graca, Andreia Martins, Sandra Cunha, Aires Camões, and Paulo B. Lourenço. "Mechanical Behavior of Gypsum and Cork Based Composite Material." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.361.

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The main aim of this work is the mechanical characterization of a composite material resulting from the combination of three by-products coming from industry, namely, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum, granulated cork and textile fibers from tire recycling. The material is considered as a green material as the raw material are considered by-products and it is intended to be used as a building material for non-structural purposes in civil engineering construction. The mechanical characterization includes uniaxial compressive tests and bending tests for characterization of the fracture behavior. Additionally, ultrasonic pulse velocity is measured to evaluate its variation with time of curing.

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Sousa, Hélder S., Jorge M. Branco, and Paulo B. Lourenço. "Glulam Mechanical Characterization." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 994–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.994.

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The glued laminated timber (glulam) mechanical properties may be evaluated through the determination of the key mechanical properties of the lamellae that compose that element. Simple bending and tension parallel to the grain tests were performed in order to assess the strength class of three glulam elements. Regarding the bending tests, 8 samples were taken from a glulam beam and assessed. Values for the resistant bending tension and both local and global modulus of elasticity were obtained. For the tension parallel to the grain tests, a total of 120 samples were assessed. The samples were divided regarding the structural element from where they were extracted as well to the type of failure mode found in the tests. The values of the lamellae properties were then used for determination of the properties of the glulam material. The data gathered from the tests was assessed statistically and concluded that the mechanical properties of the glulam elements did not fulfill the required parameters of the normative requirements.

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Brown, Celeste A., Amelia Vignola, Luz D. Sotelo, Grant Warner, and Matthew D. Guild. "Mechanical and acoustical characterization of elastic properties for additively manufactured polymers." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0016320.

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Recent advances in the additive manufacturing of photopolymers has opened new opportunities for the design and realization of novel acoustic materials, such as metamaterials. Despite the significant advantages additive manufacturing offers for photopolymers, a significant lack of characterization data inhibits their use in design for acoustics applications. This work provides characterization data and establishes a relationship between static and dynamic properties: specifically, the mechanically and ultrasonically derived damping factor and loss tangent for additively manufactured photopolymers. To achieve this, a range of stiff and compliant photopolymers are fabricated using a commercially available Polyjet 3-D printing platform. The elastic loss and storage moduli for each material are characterized under static uniaxial loading conditions. Furthermore, shear and compressional phase velocity and attenuation are measured for each material using ultrasound. The damping factor and loss tangent for each material is then calculated for both the static and ultrasonic case using the complex elastic moduli, and a frequency-based relationship is drawn between the two. The presented results are expected to contribute to improved design and broadband characterization of additively manufactured acoustic materials using photopolymers. [Work funded by the Office of Naval Research.]

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Bleck, Wolfgang. "New insights into the properties of high-manganese steel." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials 28, no. 5 (May 2021): 782–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-2166-1.

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AbstractIn the Collaborative Research Centre 761’s “Steel ab initio - quantum mechanics guided design of new Fe based materials,” scientists and engineers from RWTH Aachen University and the Max Planck Institute for Iron Research conducted research on mechanism-controlled material development with a particular focus on high-manganese alloyed steels. From 2007 to 2019, a total of 55 partial projects and four transfer projects with industrial participation (some running until 2021) have studied material and process design as well as material characterization. The basic idea of the Collaborative Research Centre was to develop a new methodological approach to the design of structural materials. This paper focuses on selected results with respect to the mechanical properties of high-manganese steels, their underlying physical phenomena, and the specific characterization and modeling tools used for this new class of materials. These steels have microstructures that require characterization by the use of modern methods at the nm-scale. Along the process routes, the generation of segregations must be taken into account. Finally, the mechanical properties show a characteristic temperature dependence and peculiarities in their fracture behavior. The mechanical properties and especially bake hardening are affected by short-range ordering phenomena. The strain hardening can be adjusted in a never-before-possible range, which makes these steels attractive for demanding sheet-steel applications.

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Avecilla-Ramírez, Andrea Melina, Ma del Rocío López-Cuellar, Berenice Vergara-Porras, Adriana I. Rodríguez-Hernández, and Edgar Vázquez-Núñez. "Characterization of poly-hydroxybutyrate/luffa fibers composite material." BioResources 15, no. 3 (July 31, 2020): 7159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.7159-7177.

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Luffa fibers were evaluated as a reinforcement material in poly-hydroxy-butyrate matrix composites. The treatments consisted of varying the incorporation percentage of mercerized and non-mercerized luffa fibers in a poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) matrix (5%, 10%, and 20% w/v). Composites made with PHB and reinforced with luffa fibers (treated and non-treated) were mechanically evaluated (tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and percentage of elongation at break), the surface morphology was described by using scanning electronic microscopy, and the degradability behavior of composites was obtained. According to the results, mechanical properties decreased when the percentage of fibers increased and no significant effects were observed when compared with mercerized fiber composites. Degradability tests demonstrated that the weight loss increased with increased fiber content in composites, independent of the applied pretreatments. Microscopy images exhibited that mercerization improved the fiber incorporation into the polymeric matrix, diminishing the “pull out” effect; the above-mentioned result was supported by using the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy technique, observing the reduction of lignin and hemicellulose peaks in mercerized fibers. Based on the composite mechanical performance and degradability behavior, it was concluded that this material could be used in the packaging sector as biodegradable secondary packaging material.

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Singh, Rajan, Gaurav Kumar, Harsh Sachan, and Avadesh K. Sharma. "Synthesis and Characterization of Syntacticfoam." International Journal of Engineering Research in Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IJERMCE) 9, no. 7 (July 13, 2022): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ijermce/09.07.a007.

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'syntactic' means 'putting together'. A composite material synthesized by putting a metal or polymer or a ceramic matrix with hollow spheres (microballoons). This composite material known as syntactic foam. It is used in the field where weight is a constrain as well as it is used for the purpose of energy absorption and for the purpose of heat resistant. Submarines, aircrafts where weight is constrained but also energy absorption capability of the material is a necessity factor. Microballoons have a drawback of low mechanical properties, so to overcame this limitation microballoons are filled with filler materials. This project focuses on the study of different syntactic foam and todetermine their behaviour and characteristics. Also find the different mechanical properties (stress,strain,fracture point, yield).

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Raju.T, Hemanth, and V. S.Ramamurthy. "Development and Mechanical Characterization of Al6061-Zircon Composites." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.12 (July 20, 2018): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12.16433.

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Composite materials are widely used in variety of applications such as aerospace, automotive and structural components resulting in savings of material and energy. Particulate reinforced Aluminium metal matrix composite materials which are having desirable properties such as high specific stiffness, high specific strength, high coefficient of thermal expansion, increased fatigue resistance and superior dimensional stability compared to unreinforced alloys. In the present work an attempt has been made to develop composites using Al 6061 as a matrix material reinforced with Zircon particulates using stir casting technique. The Zircon particulates were varied in steps of 0 %, 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%. The Specimens were prepared as per the ASTM standards. The prepared composites were characterized by microstructural studies using optical microscope and tensile strength and hardness properties were evaluated. Zircon particles were observed to refine the grains and were distributed homogeneously in the aluminium matrix at 9% of Zircon. The tensile and hardness properties were higher in case of composites when compared to unreinforced Al 6061 matrix. Also increasing addition level of Zircon has resulted in further increase in both tensile strength and hardness values and optimum value was obtained at 9% of Zircon.

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Singh, Jasvinder, Tejinder Kaur, Neetu Singh, and Pulak Mohan Pandey. "Biological and mechanical characterization of biodegradable carbonyl iron powder/polycaprolactone composite material fabricated using three-dimensional printing for cardiovascular stent application." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 234, no. 9 (July 1, 2020): 975–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411920936055.

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Biological and mechanical properties of biodegradable polymeric composite materials are strongly influenced by the choice of appropriate reinforcement in the polymer matrix. Non-compatibility of material in the vascular system could obstruct the way of the biological fluids. The concept of development of polymeric composite material for vascular implants is to provide enough support to the vessel and to restore the vessel in the natural state after degradation. In this research, the polycaprolactone composite materials (carbonyl iron powder/polycaprolactone) were developed by reinforcement of the 0%–2% of carbonyl iron powder using the solvent cast three-dimensional printing technique. The physicochemical properties of developed composites were characterized in conjunction with mechanical and biological properties. The mechanical characterizations were assessed by uniaxial tensile testing as well as flexibility testing. The results of mechanical testing assured that carbonyl iron powder/polycaprolactone composites have shown desirable properties for vascular implants. Besides the mechanical characterization, in vitro biological investigations of carbonyl iron powder/polycaprolactone were done for analyzing blood compatibility and cytocompatibility. The results revealed that the materials developed were biocompatible, less hemolytic, and having non-thrombogenic properties indicating the promising applications in the field of cardiovascular applications.

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Genovese, A., M. Russo, and S. Strano. "Mechanical characterization and modeling of an innovative composite material for railway applications." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 231, no. 1-2 (September 25, 2016): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420716665648.

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The innovation in the railway industry is focused on the production of lightweight vehicles with high performance, in order to obtain an energy power saving and to satisfy the environmental and global community requests. To pursue this aim, new materials have been increasingly used for vehicle structures. The selection of innovative materials and the definition of the relative properties represent, however, one of the most critical aspects for the design. Several factors, such as technical requirements, strength- and stiffness-to-weight ratios, crash resistance, and cost, are involved in material selection for rail vehicles. In addition, materials have to be chosen in accordance with the reference standards concerning fire resistance. This paper describes the activity carried out in order to acquire the needed information about selected composite materials to be used in the design and validation phases for a structural rail vehicle end and a roof. The material under investigation has been manufactured in order to satisfy the strict railway light metro fire normative. Due to the novelty of the adopted composite materials, a full mechanical characterization of the lamina was needed. The orthotropic material properties were verified and tuned using further tests on laminate and sandwich configurations in order to take into account, also, the influence of manufacturing process parameters. Analytical and numerical approaches have been used to validate and optimize the structural layout. Results of the multistep material characterization, acquired during the above phases, have been used to perform computational analysis in order to further improve the component design.

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Liao, Ning Bo, Miao Zhang, and Rui Jiang. "Recent Development in Multiscale Simulation of Mechanical Properties at Material Interface." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.491.

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For nanoscale devices and structures, interface phenomena often dominate their overall thermal behavior. The feature scale of material interfaces usually originate from nanometer length and present a hierarchical nature. Considering to the limitations of the continuum mechanics on the characterization of nano-scale, the multiscale model featuring the interface could be very important in materials design. The purpose of this review is to discuss the applications of multiscale modeling and simulation techniques to study the mechanical properties at materials interface. It is concluded that a multi-scale scheme is needed for this study due to the hierarchical characteristics of interface.

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Allard, L. F., T. A. Nolan, and A. E. Pasto. "The High Temperature Material Laboratory: A National User Facility For Advanced Materials Characterization." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600013362.

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The High Temperature Materials Laboratory (HTML, Fig. 1) is a national resource for materials characterization sponsored by the Department of Energy’s Office of Transportation Technology, Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. The HTML comprises six principal user centers: Materials Analysis, Thermophysical Properties, X-ray and Neutron Diffraction, Mechanical Characterization and Analysis, Residual Stress, and Machining and Inspection Research. Instruments available at the user centers have extensive capabilities for characterizing the microstructure, microchemistry, and physical and mechanical properties of materials over a wide range of temperatures. Details of all the capabilities of the various user centers are available on the World Wide Web at http://www.ms.ornl.gov/htmlhome/default.htm.http://www.nice.org.uk/page.aspx?o=43210To date, more than 300 different institutions, evenly divided between university and industry, have formal research agreements with the HTML. Three separate programs are available to meet the needs of these users as well as those from federal agencies wishing to gain access to the HTML.

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Degouet, Cédric, Blaise Nsom, Eric Lolive, and André Grohens. "Physical and Mechanical Characterization of Soya, Colza and Rye Seeds." Applied Rheology 17, no. 3 (June 1, 2007): 36546–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arh-2007-0010.

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Abstract This paper presents a characterization of the following dry granular materials: soya, colza and rye seeds. The physical properties of the grains and the materials are useful for characterizing the materials’ behaviour during flow, while the external conditions (consolidation) determine storage and handling conditions. The physical properties of the grains (specific densities) and of the materials as a whole (compacity or porosity, and critical angles) were measured. The flow functions were determined by modified shear box testing. Then the internal friction angles and the flowability index for each granular material were obtained. Indeed, the behaviour of a flowing granular material results from these two groups of factors and is characterized by the flowability, which is the ratio of highest consolidation stress and unconfined yield strength. In practice, the flowability index is used to classify materials, so that the larger the flowability index, the smaller the bulk solids strength will be in relation to the consolidation stress, and therefore the higher the flowability of the bulk solid.

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A, P. P., V. Rajamohan, and A. T. Mathew. "Material and Mechanical Characterization of Multi-Functional Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Hybrid Composite Materials." Experimental Techniques 43, no. 3 (March 11, 2019): 301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40799-019-00316-0.

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Barcellona, A., L. Cannizzaro, and D. Palmeri. "Microstructural Characterization of Thermo-Mechanical Treated TRIP Steels." Key Engineering Materials 344 (July 2007): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.344.71.

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The increasing demand for the reduction of automobiles CO2 emissions for environmental preservation leads the automotive industries towards the mechanical components weight reduction. Sheet steels with multiphase microstructures exhibit favourable combinations of strength and ductility. The so called TRIP steels have a metastable microstructure that consists of a continuous ferrite matrix containing a dispersion of hard second phases martensite and bainite. These steels also contain retained austenite, at room temperature, that represents the source of the TRansformation Induced Plasticity effect. When the material is subjected to deformation step, the retained austenite transforms itself into martensite; the produced martensite delays the onset of necking resulting in a product with high total elongation, excellent formability and high crash energy absorption. In the present research the steel TRIP 800 zinc coated has been subjected to different thermo–mechanical treatments in order to evaluate the relation between microstructure of material and TRIP effects. Whit this aim the microstructural analysis has been performed and the evaluation of content of different phases has been made by means of the image analysis techniques. The relation among the strain level, the content of different phases, the thermal treatments and the work hardening properties of materials have been valued. Furthermore, it has been also highlighted the dependence of the bake hardening properties of material on the different thermo-mechanical treatments.

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Arairo, W., M. Saba, M. El Bachawati, J. Absi, and K. J. Kontoleon. "Mechanical characterization and environmental assessment of stabilized earth blocks." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1123, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1123/1/012060.

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Abstract Soil is a local material which allows populations in warm regions to better cope with severe environmental conditions. The materials’ performance depends on the chemical and physical nature of the soil. The greatest problem with these materials remains their high sensitivity to shrinkage, and their vulnerability in terms of cracking due to drying. These pathologies may lead to a radical decrease in their mechanical performance. Several works have indicated that the consideration of plant fibers, as reinforcement in earth materials, made it possible to avoid cracking, and, thus, ensure the stability of structures. These results are not generalizable and depend on the involved materials. This work aims to investigate different scenarios for the stabilization of earth blocks. In this context, the use of cement with two types of natural fibers for the stabilization of Lebanese earth blocks has been studied. The mechanical properties of stabilized earth blocks have shown that the developed mix provides suitable results compared to the traditional masonry block. The environmental impacts of earth blocks have been compared using SimaPro software. The results of this study show that the stabilized earth blocks are gaining their place as a sustainable, affordable building material suitable for low-cost construction.

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Sujito, S., Hanim Munawaroh, and Endhah Purwandari. "Mechanical Properties and Biodegradability of Bamboo and Sengon Wood Thin Sheets Reinforced Poly Latic Acid (PLA) Biocomposites)." Jurnal ILMU DASAR 14, no. 2 (July 16, 2014): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jid.v14i2.513.

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Development of biocomposite materials based on natural fibers and environmentally friendly resins to replace composite materials made from plastic and synthetic fibers give the consideration that the biocomposite materials are environmentally friendly materials. In this paper, we discuss the synthesis and characterization of biocomposite materials using a combination of thin sheets of bamboo reinforcement and resin sengon and poly lactic acid (PLA). As controls were also carried out the synthesis and characterization of biocomposite material with a thin layer of reinforcement only sengon bamboo and wood. Characterization of tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of the material is done by using the Tensile Test Machine ASTM D 638. In the mean time, biodegradability of materials are observed made by the method of burial for 1-4 weeks. Tensile test results show that the biocomposite material reinforced with a thin sheet bamboo has a tensile strength and modulus of elasticity greater than that of the other biocomposite materials produced in this study. Meanwhile, biocomposite materials with thin layers of wood sengon reinforced easily biodegradable (dG = 13.21 ± 0.59)%, compared to a biocomposite material with a thin layer of bamboo reinforcement (dG = 10.69 ± 0.79)%. From these results it can be concluded that the composite material with a thin layer of bamboo boosters are more likely to be applied to replace metallic materials.Keywords: Biocomposites, tensile strength, elastic modulus, biodegradability, bamboo and sengon wood thin layer.

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Zhang, Chao, Gaohan Jin, Chao Liu, Shugang Li, Junhua Xue, Renhui Cheng, and Hua Liu. "Sealing Performance of New Solidified Materials: Mechanical Properties and Stress Sensitivity Characterization of Pores." Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (February 12, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5397697.

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Borehole-sealing solidified material plays a significant role in improving sealing quality and enhancing gas drainage performance. In this study, the MTS815 electro-hydraulic triaxial servo test system and MR-60 NMR test system were adopted to conduct triaxial compression control experiment on the coal sample material, concrete material, and new solidified sealing material, respectively. This paper aims to analyze the difference of support effects, porosity, and stress sensitivity between those materials. Experimental results show that under the same stress condition, the stiffness of traditional concrete solidified material is the largest, while the new solidified material is the second, and the coal sample material is the smallest. Compared with the traditional concrete solidified material, the new solidified sealing material has better strain-bearing capacity and volumetric expansion capacity under each confining pressure in the experiment. The axial strain and volume increment of new solidified material is higher than those of the traditional concrete solidified material at the peak stress. Meanwhile, the confining pressure has a certain hysteresis effect on the postpeak stress attenuation. Fracture has the strongest stress sensitivity in three pore types, and its T2 map relaxation area has a larger compression than adsorption pore and seepage pore under the same pressure. The relative content of seepage pore and fracture in the new solidified material is less than that of coal and concrete samples, and the stress sensitivity of the new solidified materials is weaker than that of coal and concrete materials, thence, new solidified material will have better performance in borehole sealing. Outcomes of this study could provide guidance on the selection of the most effective sealing materials for sealing-quality improvement.

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Yagoub, Mohamed, Mekki Mellas, Adel Benchabane, and Abdallah Zatar. "Experimental Characterization of a Functionally Graded Composite Using Recycled Steel Fiber." Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 879–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2022-08-05-03.

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Many industries have recently focused on cost-effective materials with good mechanical properties. Steel fiber reinforced cementitious composites have proven their mechanical performance in industrial and structural components. The concept of recycled fiber-reinforced FGM is used as an alternative construction material, which can be one of the proposed cost-effective solutions. To achieve these objectives, an experimental program has been developed. A cementitious composite based on local materials was strengthened in two designs; one strengthened over the entire cross-section and the other strengthened only in the tensile zone. We also substituted a functional gradient material reinforced with recycled fibers considering the following volume fractions: 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5%. This paper investigates the feasibility of using recycled fibers from industrial waste from steel wool manufacturing as reinforcement. We also characterized their mechanical properties using ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, and shear strength. The results show that the corrugated recycled fibers are the ideal choice to increase the mechanical performance of the reinforced composite, including the improvement of flexural and shear behaviors. Therefore, the investigated FGC could be a valuable tool to optimize the design process in various structural applications and make the production of mechanically and environmentally economical composites possible. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-03 Full Text: PDF

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Kumar, K. Shiva. "Characterization of mechanical and wear properties of ABS/SiO2 nanoparticles." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 37 (October 10, 2020): 3884–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v13i37.1155.

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Objective: In this present work, the SiO2 nanoparticles as filler materials and ABS as a matrix material taken for the injection molding process to prepare the specimens, after that, to study the enhancement of mechanical properties and wear performance of composite materials. Method/Findings: SiO2 nano particles are added to Acrylonitrile Butadiene styrene(ABS) polymer composites at various weight fractions. It is also found that tensile strength, hardness, and wear properties improved in reinforcement. A pin-on-disc type friction and wear monitor (ASTM G99) was employed to evaluate wear behavior of ABS/SiO2 polymer composites. In this experimental study, the input process parameters such as load, sliding distance, and speed are considered and optimized for the composite materials’ properties. Tensile tests and wear tests were conducted to examine, and the properties of the material were studied. Morphology of the fractured material was studied using SEM analysis. The wear debris observed to explore the flacks and groves of the content during wear test for this study Orthogonal array (L9) and control parameters. Applications/Improvements : The significant contributions of this work are the decrease of ultimate strength with increasing content of SiO2 in the composites, and the sliding speed conversed to 45.51% of the wear rate variation. Mechanical and wear properties of ABS/SiO2 nanoparticles polymer composites were studied further. Keywords: ABS; SiO2 Nanoparticles; tensile; hardness; wear; SEM

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Ambrus, S., R. A. Soporan, N. Kazamer, D. T. Pascal, R. Muntean, A. I. Dume, G. M. Mărginean, and V. A. Serban. "Characterization and mechanical properties of fused deposited PLA material." Materials Today: Proceedings 45 (2021): 4356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.760.

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Nylund, Jan, Hedvig Byman-Fagerholm, and Jarl B. Rosenholm. "Physico-chemical characterization of colloidal material in mechanical pulp." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 8, no. 2 (May 1, 1993): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-1993-08-02-p280-283.

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Shahzad, Majid, Ali Kamran, Muhammad Zeeshan Siddiqui, and Muhammad Farhan. "Mechanical Characterization and FE Modelling of a Hyperelastic Material." Materials Research 18, no. 5 (October 2015): 918–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-1439.320414.

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Kumar, J. G. K., and R. Venkatesh Babu. "Mechanical behaviour and characterization of reinforced CNSL composite material." Materials Today: Proceedings 22 (2020): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.398.

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Chen, Wen-Hwa, Hsien-Chie Cheng, Yu-Chen Hsu, Ruoh-Huey Uang, and Jiong-Shiun Hsu. "Mechanical material characterization of Co nanowires and their nanocomposite." Composites Science and Technology 68, no. 15-16 (December 2008): 3388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.09.030.

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Yilbas, Bekir Sami, Aditya Kumar, Bharat Bhushan, and B. J. Abdul Aleem. "Material, Mechanical, and Tribological Characterization of Laser-Treated Surfaces." Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 23, no. 7 (April 30, 2014): 1210–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11666-014-0102-5.

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Roy, Rene, Sung-Jun Park, Jin-Hwe Kweon, and Jin-Ho Choi. "Characterization of Nomex honeycomb core constituent material mechanical properties." Composite Structures 117 (November 2014): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.06.033.

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Kaiser, Trent M. V. "Post-Yield Material Characterization for Strain-Based Design." SPE Journal 14, no. 01 (March 1, 2009): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/97730-pa.

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Summary Conventional material specifications and test methods were developed to support load-based designs in which inelastic deformations are relatively small and yield strength is the primary material factor governing design. However, in strain-based designs where substantial portions of the structure soften under post-yield deformation, more detailed characterization of the post-yield material behavior is required. This paper presents a framework for describing the post-yield properties of metals (including strain-rate dependence of yield strength) a testing method for measuring post-yield strength in terms of strain and strain rate, and an analytical basis for extrapolating measured properties to static conditions for strain-based design and quality assurance (QA). Introduction Typical test specifications for determining the mechanical properties of oil-country tubular goods (OCTG) were developed to provide an index of mechanical strength to support common load-based design methods. Advancing recovery techniques impose conditions on many well structures that exceed the limits of these methods and the material characterizations on which they are founded. Among these new techniques are those used to recover heavy oil. While typical conditions in heavy-oil reservoirs appear benign, enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) methods such as thermal stimulation and ultrahigh sand production create some of the most challenging conditions for well structures. Imposed deformations commonly exceed the yield limit of the material, therefore post-yield material characteristics govern much of the structural response. Industry-standard material tests provide only limited characterization of post-yield behavior, particularly at strain levels near the yield point (both pre- and post-yield). Furthermore, test strain rates can affect the measured material strength significantly. Field loading usually occurs at much lower rates and is then sustained for extended periods. A method for characterizing post-yield material properties is, therefore, desired to adequately support designs for such applications. This paper proposes a new basis for characterizing mechanical steel properties that provides the static strength and stiffness over the post-yield strain range. Relaxation characteristics are interpreted from testing, and local stiffness properties are provided. Although static properties are inferred, the test and interpretation basis allows the tests to be executed in a relatively brief time frame, making it possible to apply the method in QA programs to confirm post-yield properties for strain-based designs. A test apparatus built to implement the material-characterization protocol is presented, and sample results are provided to demonstrate the method.

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Javaheri, Ehsan, Janot Lubritz, Benjamin Graf, and Michael Rethmeier. "Mechanical Properties Characterization of Welded Automotive Steels." Metals 10, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10010001.

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Among the various welding technologies, resistance spot welding (RSW) and laser beam welding (LBW) play a significant role as joining methods for the automobile industry. The application of RSW and LBW for the automotive body alters the microstructure in the welded areas. It is necessary to identify the mechanical properties of the welded material to be able to make a reliable statement about the material behavior and the strength of welded components. This study develops a method by which to determine the mechanical properties for the weldment of RSW and LBW for two dual phase (DP) steels, DP600 and DP1000, which are commonly used for the automotive bodies. The mechanical properties of the resistance spot weldment were obtained by performing tensile tests on the notched tensile specimen to cause an elongation of the notched and welded area in order to investigate its properties. In order to determine the mechanical properties of the laser beam weldment, indentation tests were performed on the welded material to calculate its force-penetration depth-curve. Inverse numerical simulation was used to simulate the indentation tests to determine and verify the parameters of a nonlinear isotropic material model for the weldment of LBW. Furthermore, using this method, the parameters for the material model of RSW were verified. The material parameters and microstructure of the weldment of RSW and LBW are compared and discussed. The results show that the novel method introduced in this work is a valid approach to determine the mechanical properties of welded high-strength steel structures. In addition, it can be seen that LBW and RSW lead to a reduction in ductility and an increase in the amount of yield and tensile strength of both DP600 and DP1000.

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Katzer, Konrad, Anas Kanan, Sascha Pfeil, Henriette Grellmann, Gerald Gerlach, Michael Kaliske, Chokri Cherif, and Martina Zimmermann. "Thermo-Electro-Mechanical Characterization of PDMS-Based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators." Materials 15, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010221.

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The present contribution aims towards a thermo-electro-mechanical characterization of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA) based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). To this end, an experimental setup is proposed in order to evaluate the PDMS-based DEA behavior under the influence of various rates of mechanical loading, different ambient temperatures, and varying values of an applied electric voltage. To obtain mechanical, electro-mechanical and thermo-mechanical experimental data, the passive behavior of the material, as well as the material’s response when electrically activated, was tested. The influence of the solid electrode on the dielectric layer’s surface was also examined. Moreover, this work focuses on the production of such DEA, the experimental setup and the interpretation and evaluation of the obtained mechanical hysteresis loops. Finite element modeling approaches were used in order to model the passive and the electro-mechanically active response of the material. A comparison between experimental and simulation results was performed.

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Carneiro, Elsa Reis, Ana Sofia Coelho, Inês Amaro, Anabela Baptista Paula, Carlos Miguel Marto, José Saraiva, Manuel Marques Ferreira, Luís Vilhena, Amílcar Ramalho, and Eunice Carrilho. "Mechanical and Tribological Characterization of a Bioactive Composite Resin." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 8256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178256.

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Despite developments and advances in dental materials which allow for greater restorative performance, there are still challenges and questions regarding the formulation of new compositions and chemical reactions of materials used in restorative dentistry. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the mechanical and tribological characteristics of a bioactive resin, a composite resin, and a glass ionomer. Twenty specimens of each material were divided into two groups: one control group (n = 10), not subjected to thermocycling, and one test group (n = 10) submitted to thermocycling. The Vickers microhardness test was carried out and surface roughness was evaluated. The tribological sliding indentation test was chosen. The bioactive resin had the lowest hardness, followed by the composite resin, and the glass ionomer. The bioactive resin also showed greater resistance to fracture. For the tribological test, the wear rate was lower for the bioactive resin, followed by the composite resin, and the glass ionomer. The bioactive resin presented a smooth surface without visible cracks, while the other materials presented a brittle peeling of great portions of material. Thus, the bioactive resin performs better in relation to fracture toughness, wear rate and impact absorption than the composite resin and much better than the glass ionomer.

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Chen, Yukai, Xin Yang, Mingzhi Yang, Yanfei Wei, and Haobin Zheng. "Characterization of Giant Magnetostrictive Materials Using Three Complex Material Parameters by Particle Swarm Optimization." Micromachines 12, no. 11 (November 18, 2021): 1416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12111416.

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Complex material parameters that can represent the losses of giant magnetostrictive materials (GMMs) are the key parameters for high-power transducer design and performance analysis. Since the GMMs work under pre-stress conditions and their performance is highly sensitive to pre-stress, the complex parameters of a GMM are preferably characterized in a specific pre-stress condition. In this study, an optimized characterization method for GMMs is proposed using three complex material parameters. Firstly, a lumped parameter model is improved for a longitudinal transducer by incorporating three material losses. Then, the structural damping and contact damping are experimentally measured and applied to confine the parametric variance ranges. Using the improved lumped parameter model, the real parts of the three key material parameters are characterized by fitting the experimental impedance data while the imaginary parts are separately extracted by the phase data. The global sensitivity analysis that accounts for the interaction effects of the multiple parameter variances shows that the proposed method outperforms the classical method as the sensitivities of all the six key parameters to both impedance and phase fitness functions are all high, which implies that the extracted material complex parameters are credible. In addition, the stability and credibility of the proposed parameter characterization is further corroborated by the results of ten random characterizations.

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Haider, Ali, Omar Farooq Azam, Muhammad Talha, and Saleem Akhtar. "Characterization of NiCrMo Dental Restoration Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 875 (February 2021): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.875.373.

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Restorative material is a class of dental materials used for direct filling and fabrication of indirect restoration. NiCr alloy is a restorative material frequently used for dental prostheses due to its properties and economic reasons. In present work beryllium free NiCrMo alloy was developed and studied for dental restoration application. The alloy have unique characteristics of resistance to oxidation and biocompatibility; the requisites for dental prostheses. NiCrMo alloy is found to possess mechanical strength and fabrication properties suitable for dental repairs. In this study the developed alloy was tested for its mechanical properties, biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. An in-vitro biocompatibility study was carried out. No signs of toxicity and no signs of cell growth inhibition, in presence of NiCrMo alloy specimen, were observed. Mechanical properties and corrosion resistance are found in the range that is suitable for dental prostheses and easy fabrication.

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Al-Mattarneh, Hashem. "Development and Characterization of Microwave Absorber Composite Material." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.32 (August 26, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.32.18391.

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The rapid development of electronic systems and telecommunications has resulted in a growing and intense interest in microwave electromagnetic absorber technology and microwave absorbing composite material. This research was conducted to develop microwave absorber composites called thermoplastic natural rubber barium ferrite (TPNR-BF). The composite was characterized by determination of its physical, mechanical, magnetic and microwave properties. TPNR-BF with the fine particles barium ferrite filler content of 0-20% by weight were prepared using melt blending method. The microwave electromagnetic properties were measured using free-space microwave non-destructive testing system (MNDTS) in the frequency range of 7-13 GHz. The mechanical and Magnetic properties of the thermoplastic natural rubber-barium ferrite were also measured using Magnetometer. The effects of the different percentage of filler content on the mechanical and microwave properties of the composites have been evaluated. Both microwave dielectric constant and the reflection coefficient of TPNR-BF increase with increasing frequency and filler content while transmission coefficient decreases with increasing filler content which indicates that the composite absorbs more microwave energy by the filler. Barium ferrite contents show an inverse relation with the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and stiffness. MNDTS shows excellent capability for advanced characterization of a microwave composite material.

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Braunbr�ck, A., and A. Ravasoo. "Application of counterpropagating nonlinear waves to material characterization." Acta Mechanica 174, no. 1-2 (October 12, 2004): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00707-004-0163-5.

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Brahem, Mariem, Jaouachi Boubaker, Damien Soulat, Imed Ben Marzoug, and Faouzi Sakli. "Study of the tensile and compression performance of composite materials based on rubber particles and alpha fibers." Journal of Industrial Textiles 48, no. 1 (December 12, 2016): 272–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716682921.

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This paper deals with the characterization of some composite materials developed using rubber matrix reinforced with short Alfa fibers. This work aims at studying the performance of Alfa-rubber composites using mechanical and physical characterizations. We opted for the study of the behavior in tension and compression of our samples as part of the mechanical characterization. The results we get show that these natural fibers contribute enormously to the composite properties such as breaking strength and elongation at break. Indeed, substantial increased values (50.82% and 54.38%) of the breaking strength and elongation at break are gained. However, based on the obtained findings, decreasing the filler loading value widely improves the developed material performance. On the other hand, compression test showed that the developed material is not affected by this constraint (compression stress). The results showed that the material is well designed to be resistant to compression strain. When we compared the three types of rubber particle used, we deduced that the developed composite samples using smaller particles powder like (type B) present better appearance and better behavior than those obtained using granulated particles (types A and C).

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Sridharan, BanuPriya, Neethu Mohan, Cory J. Berkland, and Michael S. Detamore. "Material characterization of microsphere-based scaffolds with encapsulated raw materials." Materials Science and Engineering: C 63 (June 2016): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2016.02.038.

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López-Guerra, Enrique A., and Santiago D. Solares. "On the frequency dependence of viscoelastic material characterization with intermittent-contact dynamic atomic force microscopy: avoiding mischaracterization across large frequency ranges." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 11 (September 15, 2020): 1409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.11.125.

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a widely use technique to acquire topographical, mechanical, or electromagnetic properties of surfaces, as well as to induce surface modifications at the micrometer and nanometer scale. Viscoelastic materials, examples of which include many polymers and biological materials, are an important class of systems, the mechanical response of which depends on the rate of application of the stresses imparted by the AFM tip. The mechanical response of these materials thus depends strongly on the frequency at which the characterization is performed, so much so that important aspects of behavior may be missed if one chooses an arbitrary characterization frequency regardless of the materials properties. In this paper we present a linear viscoelastic analysis of intermittent-contact, nearly resonant dynamic AFM characterization of such materials, considering the possibility of multiple characteristic times. We describe some of the intricacies observed in their mechanical response and alert the reader about situations where mischaracterization may occur as a result of probing the material at frequency ranges or with probes that preclude observation of its viscoelastic behavior. While we do not offer a solution to the formidable problem of inverting the frequency-dependent viscoelastic behavior of a material from dynamic AFM observables, we suggest that a partial solution is offered by recently developed quasi-static force–distance characterization techniques, which incorporate viscoelastic models with multiple characteristic times and can help inform dynamic AFM characterization.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Material and Mechanical Characterization'

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