Academic literature on the topic 'Materia condensata'
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Journal articles on the topic "Materia condensata"
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Rojo, Juan Manuel. "El electrón en la materia condensada." Arbor 158, no. 622 (October 30, 1997): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/arbor.1997.i622.1806.
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Currie, Simon L., and Michael K. Rosen. "Using quantitative reconstitution to investigate multicomponent condensates." RNA 28, no. 1 (November 12, 2021): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.079008.121.
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Many biomolecular condensates are thought to form via liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of multivalent macromolecules. For those that form through this mechanism, our understanding has benefitted significantly from biochemical reconstitutions of key components and activities. Reconstitutions of RNA-based condensates to date have mostly been based on relatively simple collections of molecules. However, proteomics and sequencing data indicate that natural RNA-based condensates are enriched in hundreds to thousands of different components, and genetic data suggest multiple interactions can contribute to condensate formation to varying degrees. In this Perspective, we describe recent progress in understanding RNA-based condensates through different levels of biochemical reconstitutions as a means to bridge the gap between simple in vitro reconstitution and cellular analyses. Complex reconstitutions provide insight into the formation, regulation, and functions of multicomponent condensates. We focus on two RNA–protein condensate case studies: stress granules and RNA processing bodies (P bodies), and examine the evidence for cooperative interactions among multiple components promoting LLPS. An important concept emerging from these studies is that composition and stoichiometry regulate biochemical activities within condensates. Based on the lessons learned from stress granules and P bodies, we discuss forward-looking approaches to understand the thermodynamic relationships between condensate components, with the goal of developing predictive models of composition and material properties, and their effects on biochemical activities. We anticipate that quantitative reconstitutions will facilitate understanding of the complex thermodynamics and functions of diverse RNA–protein condensates.
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Horák, Jiří, Lenka Kuboňová, Milan Dej, Jiří Ryšavý, Stanislav Bajer, Zdeněk Kysučan, Pavel Ulrich, et al. "Long-Term Neutralization of Acidic Condensate from Gas Condensing Boilers." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 13, 2022): 15015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215015.
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The pH of wastewater needs to remain between 6 and 9 to protect water organisms. Condensates from a gas condensing boiler have a pH value of about 3. An optimal way to neutralize the acid condensate is to use cheap material such as dolomite. An old-style neutralization box (NB) was tested with a standard faction of dolomite. However, it did not sufficiently neutralize the condensate. Therefore, several tests were performed involving changes to the construction of the neutralization box, a finer fraction of dolomite and aerating the condensate in the neutralization box. In summary, a new NB technology with partitions, a finer fraction of dolomite and condensate aeration proved sufficient in the neutralization of the pH of the condensate in the short and long terms. It depends on what material the heat exchanger is made of in the condensing boiler. The aluminum content reduces the effectiveness of dolomite in the long run, so aerating the condensate in the NB is recommended, which leads to its more effective neutralization.
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Li, Dongsheng, Ziyou Tian, Xichen Cai, Zhanqiao Li, Chen Zhang, Wei Zhang, Yongji Song, Hong Wang, and Cuiqing Li. "Nature of polymeric condensates during furfural rearrangement to cyclopentanone and cyclopentanol over Cu-based catalysts." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 48 (2021): 22767–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj04027h.
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In-depth studies on condensate structures during furfural rearrangement to cyclopentanone are presented. Polymeric condensates with high levels of conjugation were the main cause for carbon loss and catalyst deactivation.
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Pasek, Wojciech Julian, Marcos Henrique Degani, and Marcelo Zoéga Maialle. "Destructive Interference of the Superconducting Subband Condensates in the Quasi-1D Multigap Material Nanostructures." Condensed Matter 8, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat8010004.
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This modelling work concerns the effects of the interference between two partial subband condensates in a quasi-one-dimensional superconducting superlattice. The iterative under-relaxation with phase control method is used to solve Bogoliubov–de Gennes equations in the envelope ansatz. This method—easily generalisable to a wide class of multiband superconducting systems—allows us to obtain both the constructive and the destructive interference solution. The discussion is centred on the latter case, with one of the condensates collapsing with increased inter-subband coupling strength, due to the other—the dominating one—imposing its symmetry on the overall order parameter. The in-depth qualitative analysis is made of underlying intra-subband and inter-subband dynamics, such as the possible factors determining the dominant subband condensate or the ones determining the region where the destructive solution coexists with the constructive one. A comprehensive discussion with the recent works concerning inter-band coupling effects follows, pointing that the destructive solution is nearly universally omitted.
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Pereira, Lucas Carvalho, and Valter Aragão do Nascimento. "Dynamics of Bose–Einstein Condensates Subject to the Pöschl–Teller Potential through Numerical and Variational Solutions of the Gross–Pitaevskii Equation." Materials 13, no. 10 (May 13, 2020): 2236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102236.
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We present for the first time an approach about Bose–Einstein condensates made up of atoms with attractive interatomic interactions confined to the Pöschl–Teller hyperbolic potential. In this paper, we consider a Bose–Einstein condensate confined in a cigar-shaped, and it was modeled by the mean field equation known as the Gross–Pitaevskii equation. An analytical (variational method) and numerical (two-step Crank–Nicolson) approach is proposed to study the proposed model of interatomic interaction. The solutions of the one-dimensional Gross–Pitaevskii equation obtained in this paper confirmed, from a theoretical point of view, the possibility of the Pöschl–Teller potential to confine Bose–Einstein condensates. The chemical potential as a function of the depth of the Pöschl–Teller potential showed a behavior very similar to the cases of Bose–Einstein condensates and superfluid Fermi gases in optical lattices and optical superlattices. The results presented in this paper can open the way for several applications in atomic and molecular physics, solid state physics, condensed matter physics, and material sciences.
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Mukubwa, Abel, and John Wanjala Makokha. "Plasmon Mediation of Charge Pairing in High Temperature Superconductors." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2021 (December 28, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7234840.
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A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of a nonzero momentum Cooper pair constitutes a composite boson or simply a boson. We demonstrated that the quantum coherence of the two-component BEC (boson and fermion condensates) is controlled by plasmons. It has been proposed that plasmons, observed in both electron-doped and hole-doped cuprates, originates from the long-range Coulomb screening, where the transfer momentum q ⟶ 0 . We further show that the screening mediates boson-fermion pairing at condensate state. While only about 1 % of plasmon energy mediates the charge pairing, most of the plasmon energy is used to overcome the modes that compete against superconductivity such as phonons, charge density waves, antiferromagnetism, and damping effects. Additionally, the dependence of frequency of plasmons on the material of a superconductor is also explored. This study gives a quantum explanation of the modes that enhance and those that inhibit superconductivity. The study informs the nature of electromagnetic radiations (EMR) that can enhance the critical temperature of such materials.
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De María-García, Sergi De, Albert Ferrando, J. Alberto Conejero, Pedro Fernández De De Córdoba, and Miguel Ángel García-March. "A Method for the Dynamics of Vortices in a Bose-Einstein Condensate: Analytical Equations of the Trajectories of Phase Singularities." Condensed Matter 8, no. 1 (January 17, 2023): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat8010012.
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We present a method to study the dynamics of a quasi-two dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate which initially contains several vortices at arbitrary locations. The method allows one to find the analytical solution for the dynamics of the Bose-Einstein condensate in a homogeneous medium and in a parabolic trap, for the ideal non-interacting case. Secondly, the method allows one to obtain algebraic equations for the trajectories of the position of phase singularities present in the initial condensate along with time (the vortex lines). With these equations, one can predict quantities of interest, such as the time at which a vortex and an antivortex contained in the initial condensate will merge. For the homogeneous case, this method was introduced in the context of photonics. Here, we adapt it to the context of Bose-Einstein condensates, and we extend it to the trapped case for the first time. Also, we offer numerical simulations in the non-linear case, for repulsive and attractive interactions. We use a numerical split-step simulation of the non-linear Gross-Pitaevskii equation to determine how these trajectories and quantities of interest are changed by the interactions. We illustrate the method with several simple cases of interest, both in the homogeneous and parabolically trapped systems.
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Prasad, Pande Nishant, Andreas Lennartsson, and Caisa Samuelsson. "Volatilized and Condensed Sb- and As-Bearing Phases Produced During Roasting of Cu-Rich Complex Concentrate in Nitrogen Atmosphere with Oxygen in Traces." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 52, no. 3 (April 20, 2021): 1866–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-021-02154-1.
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AbstractA Cu-rich complex sulpfide concentrate (containing Sb as sulphosalts and gudmundite, and As as arsenopyrite) is roasted in Nitrogen atmosphere carrying traces of oxygen ($${\text{p}}^{{\text{O}}_{2}} \approx {10}^{-5.3}\text{ bar)}$$ p O 2 ≈ 10 - 5.3 bar) . In situ measurements through QMS indicated that the volatilized species are mainly elemental sulfur, S2(g), and gaseous sulfur oxides. Sb- and As-bearing volatilized species could not be detected, owing to their low concentrations in the gas phase. Characterization studies through XRD and SEM-EDS confirmed that the condensates collected at room temperature during the roasting experiments comprised of (1) cyclo-octa sulfur, S8(s) and polysulfur oxides, Sn−xOx(s); (2) amorphous trisulfides of Sb and As; (3) and cubic crystalline trioxides of Sb and As. The solid phases in the condensate were found to be fine-sized (sub-micronic) and widely intermixed. Consequently, quantification of the solid phases in the condensates through direct measurement techniques like QEMSCAN was not possible. A novel approach of partial quantification of solid phases in the condensate through a stochastic model-based calculation approach is also presented. The model results suggested the occurrence of vapor-phase complexation of sulfides of Sb and As in the gas phase. Additional attributes of the volatilized species could be determined through a thermodynamic equilibrium calculation showing that the formation of the complex oxides, As4−nSbnO6(g), would be negligible compared to that of the complex sulfides, As4−nSbnS6(g).
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Oleksandr Volodymyrovych Burachok, Dmytro Volodymyrovych Pershyn, Serhii Vasylovych Matkivskyi, Yefim Semenovych Bikman, Oleksandr Romanovych Kondrat, and Viacheslav Yuriiovych Filatov. "GAS-CONDENSATE FLUID PVT MODEL QUALITY CHECK BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF A SINGLE-CELL SIMULATION MODEL." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology, no. 2 (4) (July 28, 2022): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2020.02.07.
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The problems of gas-condensate PVT-models (Pressure Volume Temperature, PVT) creation under limited input information were analyzed. Traditional fluid phase behavior characterization approach relies on creation of the equation of state (EOS) based on initial composition of reservoir fluid and its future regression for critical parameters (pressure and temperature), binary interaction coefficients, acentric factors of residual “plus” fraction or pseudo-components. The adjustment is done until the moment when EOS is reproducing the results of laboratory experiments. Classic PVT experiments performed on gas-condensates and volatile oils are constant composition expansion (CCE), constant volume depletion (CVD) and separator tests. However, in the case of most Ukrainian fields, discovered and explored in the last century, not only the reliable detailed initial fluid composition is not available, but phase behavior was studied with non-equilibrium method of so-called differential condensation, that does not allow their direct application for PVT models creation. Previously, the authors [1, 2] presented an alternative method for fluid characterization based on the fractional distillation test. At the same time, due to significant uncertainty in input data, particularly a) condensate production allocation; b) commingled production from multiple reservoirs with different C5+ yield; c) non-recorded change of separator conditions that affects liquid extraction and its density; d) technological production losses, issues of reproducing the condensate production during history matching of several models of Dniper-Donetsk Basin were faced. There was proposed and explained in detail an example of single-cell reservoir simulation model application concept for quality check of created PVT model for one of the fields with potential yield of 86 g/m3. The idea of the concept is based on the reproduction of material balance of gas-condensate reservoir through one conditional well controlled on a primary (gas) phase, that allows quick identification of changes into calculated gas-condensate yield curve, necessary for matching of condensate production. Implementation of these changes allows quick and precise full-field model calibration.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Materia condensata"
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Cavicchioli, Luca. "Generazione e caratterizzazione dinamica di potenziali ottici mediante un dispositivo a microspecchi." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16951/.
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In questa tesi si tratta della caratterizzazione dinamica dei potenziali ottici che possono essere ottenuti mediante un dispositivo a microspecchi (DMD), che sarà utilizzato in esperimenti con atomi freddi.
Lo studio della superfluidità nei condensati di Bose-Einstein, e del fenomeno ad essa strettamente collegato della formazione di vortici, è uno filoni di ricerca più sviluppati nell'ambito della fisica degli atomi freddi. Gli apparati sperimentali fanno uso di complessi sistemi di generazione di potenziali ottici variabili nel tempo.
Un dispositivo a microspecchi consiste di una matrice di specchi, ciascuno dei quali può essere controllato da un attuatore elettromeccanico; questo dispositivo consente quindi di modulare la radiazione luminosa che esso riflette, variandola anche nel tempo.
È possibile quindi utilizzare tale dispositivo per produrre un potenziale ottico variabile nel tempo.
Il lavoro sperimentale svolto per questa tesi comprende misure di tempi di commutazione e fedeltà delle immagini generate utilizzando un dispositivo a microspecchi, e lo sviluppo di un codice di controllo che, mediante un algoritmo PID, consenta di ridurre le distorsioni indotte dal sistema ottico.
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Gimenes, Tiago Cesar [UNESP]. "Fabricação de membranas fibrosas de compósito PVDF/TIO2 pelo método de fiação por sopro em solução." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/128063.
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000849923.pdf: 2014627 bytes, checksum: 1b6eae4b9c988513760eff69d5c21a37 (MD5)Membranas poliméricas de PVDF, PVDF/TiO 2 e PVDF/TiP foram obtidas com êxito pela técnica de fiação por sopro em solução. Inicialmente foi realizado um estudo sobre a influência da concentração de PVDF em solução de DMF, na obtenção de membranas de PVDF puras. As micrografias obtidas destas membranas mostraram que a variação da concentração do PVDF influencia a morfologia e o diâmetro das nanofibras. Os resultados obtidos por difratometria de raios X mostraram a presença da fase β polar do PVDF. A influência da incorporação de TiO 2 em solução de PVDF/DMF também foi estudada. As micrografias obtidas das nanofibras de PVDF/TiO 2 mostraram que as incorporações não afetam a morfologia. As nanofibras, se apresentaram aleatoriamente dispersas, homogêneas e sem uma orientação preferencial. As análises por difratometria de raios X realizadas nas nanofibras identificaram a fase β do PVDF e a fase anatase do TiO 2 . As micrografias das nanofibras puras de PVDF/TiP apresentaram morfologias homogêneas, rugosas e sem o aparecimento de contas. Também foram obtidas nanofibras puras de TiO 2 . Essas nanofibras foram obtidas após o processo de queima das mantas de PVDF/TiP. As nanofibras puras de TiO 2 apresentaram uma morfologia que varia de acordo com o tratamento térmico recebido. Para as nanofibras tratadas termicamente a 400, 600 e 800 °C, as morfologias apresentadas são formadas pela união dos grãos de TiO 2 . As nanofibras tratadas a 1000 °C apresentaram uma morfologia lisa e a formação de nanofibras ocas. A difratometria de raios X das nanofibras de TiO 2 identificou picos característicos da fase cristalográfica anatase nas amostras tratadas a 400 e 600 °C. Para o tratamento a 800 °C é observado além da fase anatase a fase rutilo em menor proporção. No entanto, nas nanofibras tratadas a 1000 °C é observado apenas a fase rutilo. As mantas de PVDF obtidas neste trabalho podem ser utilizadas na área...
PVDF, PVDF/TiO 2 and PVDF/TiP membrane of were successfully prepared by solution blow spinning method. A study on the influence of concentration of PVDF in DMF, to obtain PVDF nanofibers without incorporation of nanoparticles was performed. The micrographs show that the variation of PVDF concentration influences the morphology and the diameter of the nanofibers. The results obtained by diffraction X-ray showed the presence of the β-phase of PVDF. The influence of TiO 2 incorporated in the PVDF/DMF solution was studied. The micrographs PVDF/TiO 2 nanofibers showed that the incorporation do not affect the morphology, they present randomly dispersed, homogeneous and without a preferred orientation. X-ray diffraction identified the β phase of PVDF and the anatase phase of TiO 2 . The micrographs PVDF/TiP nanofibers showed homogeneous morphology, and without the appearance of beads. Also obtained were pure TiO 2 nanofibers. The TiO 2 nanofibers were obtained after the burning of PVDF/TiP nanofibers. The nanofibers produced presented a morphology dependent of heat treatment. Nanofibers heat treated at 400, 600 and 800 °C are formed by the union of TiO 2 grains. However, the nanofibers obtained at 1000 °C are smooth and hollow. The X-ray diffraction of TiO 2 nanofibers identified the anatase phase in the samples obtained at 400 and 600 °C. The sample obtained at 800 °C was observed anatase and rutile in lower proportion. In nanofibers obtained at 1000 °C was observed only rutile phase. PVDF blankets those obtained in this work can be used as filters and the TiO 2 incorporation can add the photocatalytic property. The pure TiO 2 nanofibers can also be used in photocatalysis and in hybrid cells using the TiO 2 as electron acceptor
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Gimenes, Tiago Cesar. "Fabricação de membranas fibrosas de compósito PVDF/TIO2 pelo método de fiação por sopro em solução /." Ilha Solteira, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/128063.
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Orientador: Fernando Rogério de PaulaBanca: Luiz Francisco Malmonge
Banca: Michael Jones da Silva
Resumo: Membranas poliméricas de PVDF, PVDF/TiO 2 e PVDF/TiP foram obtidas com êxito pela técnica de fiação por sopro em solução. Inicialmente foi realizado um estudo sobre a influência da concentração de PVDF em solução de DMF, na obtenção de membranas de PVDF puras. As micrografias obtidas destas membranas mostraram que a variação da concentração do PVDF influencia a morfologia e o diâmetro das nanofibras. Os resultados obtidos por difratometria de raios X mostraram a presença da fase β polar do PVDF. A influência da incorporação de TiO 2 em solução de PVDF/DMF também foi estudada. As micrografias obtidas das nanofibras de PVDF/TiO 2 mostraram que as incorporações não afetam a morfologia. As nanofibras, se apresentaram aleatoriamente dispersas, homogêneas e sem uma orientação preferencial. As análises por difratometria de raios X realizadas nas nanofibras identificaram a fase β do PVDF e a fase anatase do TiO 2 . As micrografias das nanofibras puras de PVDF/TiP apresentaram morfologias homogêneas, rugosas e sem o aparecimento de contas. Também foram obtidas nanofibras puras de TiO 2 . Essas nanofibras foram obtidas após o processo de queima das mantas de PVDF/TiP. As nanofibras puras de TiO 2 apresentaram uma morfologia que varia de acordo com o tratamento térmico recebido. Para as nanofibras tratadas termicamente a 400, 600 e 800 °C, as morfologias apresentadas são formadas pela união dos grãos de TiO 2 . As nanofibras tratadas a 1000 °C apresentaram uma morfologia lisa e a formação de nanofibras ocas. A difratometria de raios X das nanofibras de TiO 2 identificou picos característicos da fase cristalográfica anatase nas amostras tratadas a 400 e 600 °C. Para o tratamento a 800 °C é observado além da fase anatase a fase rutilo em menor proporção. No entanto, nas nanofibras tratadas a 1000 °C é observado apenas a fase rutilo. As mantas de PVDF obtidas neste trabalho podem ser utilizadas na área...
Abstract: PVDF, PVDF/TiO 2 and PVDF/TiP membrane of were successfully prepared by solution blow spinning method. A study on the influence of concentration of PVDF in DMF, to obtain PVDF nanofibers without incorporation of nanoparticles was performed. The micrographs show that the variation of PVDF concentration influences the morphology and the diameter of the nanofibers. The results obtained by diffraction X-ray showed the presence of the β-phase of PVDF. The influence of TiO 2 incorporated in the PVDF/DMF solution was studied. The micrographs PVDF/TiO 2 nanofibers showed that the incorporation do not affect the morphology, they present randomly dispersed, homogeneous and without a preferred orientation. X-ray diffraction identified the β phase of PVDF and the anatase phase of TiO 2 . The micrographs PVDF/TiP nanofibers showed homogeneous morphology, and without the appearance of beads. Also obtained were pure TiO 2 nanofibers. The TiO 2 nanofibers were obtained after the burning of PVDF/TiP nanofibers. The nanofibers produced presented a morphology dependent of heat treatment. Nanofibers heat treated at 400, 600 and 800 °C are formed by the union of TiO 2 grains. However, the nanofibers obtained at 1000 °C are smooth and hollow. The X-ray diffraction of TiO 2 nanofibers identified the anatase phase in the samples obtained at 400 and 600 °C. The sample obtained at 800 °C was observed anatase and rutile in lower proportion. In nanofibers obtained at 1000 °C was observed only rutile phase. PVDF blankets those obtained in this work can be used as filters and the TiO 2 incorporation can add the photocatalytic property. The pure TiO 2 nanofibers can also be used in photocatalysis and in hybrid cells using the TiO 2 as electron acceptor
Mestre
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Silva, Alysson Martins Almeida. "Crescimento e estrutura de monocamadas de Co sobre Cu90Au10(100)." CNEN - Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte, 2008. http://www.bdtd.cdtn.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=101.
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NenhumaO estudo das correlações entre as propriedades estruturais e magnéticas de filmes finos e ultrafinos é hoje assunto de grande interesse tanto científico como tecnológico, sendo que, dada a disponibilidade de materiais e a importância das aplicações atuais e potenciais, filmes magnéticos compostos por metais e ligas de metais de transição 3d estão entre os materiais mais investigados. O Co é um metal de transição 3d, ferromagnético, e que, em volume, apresenta estrutura hexagonal compacta (hc). Entretanto, tanto esta fase como as fases cúbica de face centrada (cfc) e cúbica de corpo centrado (ccc) podem ser estabilizadas à temperatura ambiente na forma de filmes ultrafinos, ou ainda em forma de estruturas multicamadas, e as propriedades magnéticas dos mesmos apresentam uma complexa correlação com a estrutura cristalina. Existe um grande numero de trabalhos a respeito de Co crescido sobre superfícies de Cu (cfc, parâmetro de rede a = 3,615 Å) e outros monocristais, mas nada há na literatura sobre monocamadas de Co depositadas sobre Cu90Au10, uma liga cfc com parâmetro de rede (3,66 Å) expandido de 1,0% em relação ao Cu. Investigamos aqui o crescimento, em condições de epitaxia de feixe molecular (MBE), e a estrutura de filmes de Co depositados a temperatura ambiente, com espessuras entre uma e cinco monocamadas atômicas (ML) depositadas sobre a superfície (100) da liga Cu90Au10. A composição química e a pureza da superfície do monocristal e dos filmes foram determinadas por espectroscopia de elétrons excitados por raios X (XPS). A cristalinidade da superfície do substrato, bem como a forma de crescimento e a estrutura dos filmes foram determinados por difração de elétrons de baixa e alta energia, LEED e RHEED. A morfologia da superfície do cristal de Cu90Au10(100) e das primeiras monocamadas do filme de cobalto foram determinadas através de medidas de microscopia de varredura por tunelamento (STM). Medidas de magnetometria por efeito Kerr magneto- óptico foram utilizadas para se estabelecer, em caráter preliminar, uma correlação entre a estrutura e o magnetismo dos filmes de Co sobre Cu90Au10(100) Nossos resultados indicam o crescimento de Co com estrutura tetragonal de face centrada (tfc), e uma evolução, com o aumento da espessura de cobalto, de formação de ilhas para crescimento camada a camada. Além disso, nota-se para os filmes de Co uma rápida contração do parâmetro de rede no plano, atingindo aproximadamente 2,5% para ~ 4,0 ML, quando comparado ao substrato de Cu90Au10 (100). Medidas de magnetometria por Efeito Kerr Magneto-ótico indicam magnetização no plano do filme. Este trabalho eminentemente experimental representou um amplo aprendizado no uso e exploração das potencialidades de técnicas múltiplas (LEED, RHEED, XPS, AES, STM e MOKE) para a adequada caracterização e investigação das propriedades estruturais e magnéticas de superfícies e nanoestruturas heteroepitaxiais preparadas em UHV, em condições de epitaxia de feixe molecular (MBE), bem como o primeiro estudo do crescimento de monocamadas de Co depositadas sobre Cu90Au10(100).
The investigation of correlations between structural and magnetic properties of thin and ultrathin films is of great scientific and technological interest presently. Due to importance of their actual and potential applications, films of 3d metals and their alloys are among the most investigated materials. Co is a ferromagnetic 3d metal that in bulk has a hexagonal compact structure (hcp). For Co films or multilayers, the hcp as well as the face-centered (fcc) and bodycentered cubic (bcc) phases can be stabilized at room temperature, depending on the used substrate. It is known that the preparation method can affect decisively the structural and magnetic properties of Co monolayers. There is a big amount of work on Co films grown on different Cu surfaces (fcc; lattice parameter a = 3.615 Å) and other substrates but, to the best of our knowledgement, there is no studies on Co monolayers deposited on Cu90Au10(100), a fcc alloy with lattice parameter of about 3.66 Å. In this work we investigate the epitaxial grow and the structure of Co films with thickness up to 5 atomic monolayers (ML) deposited on Cu90Au10(100). The goal of the study was to investigate the modifications in the magnetic properties of the Co films provided by small distortions in the lattice, since Cu90Au10 presents cfc structure with a lattice parameter ~1% larger than the one of the pure Cu. The sample preparation and the majority of the experimental analysis has been done in ultra high vacuum under molecular beam epitaxy conditions. The studies were conducted in situ, in UHV, by using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high and low energy electron diffraction (RHEED and LEED), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Preliminary magnetic measurements on the correlation structure - magnetism were conducted by magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). Our results indicate the growth of a tetragonal distorted face centered (fct) Co lattice and an initial formation of islands followed by a layer-by-layer grow starting from 2 ML Co. The lateral lattice parameter shows a fast contraction with increasing thickness when compared to the CuAu substrate, reaching ~ 2.5% at 4 ML Co. Surface magnetometry by Magneto-optical Kerr effect indicated in-plane magnetization of the Co films. This experimental work represented a broad and extensive learning process on preparation and characterization of heteroepitaxial nanostructures by multiple techniques (LEED, RHEED, XPS, AES, STM, and MOKE) under MBE conditions (UHV) and the first investigation of Co monolayers on Cu90Au10(100). SUMÁRIO
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Almeida, Jaqueline Alves de. "Preparo e caracterização de estruturas nanoporosas em alumínio por oxidação anódica." CNEN - Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte, 2009. http://www.bdtd.cdtn.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=125.
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Materiais nanoestruturados têm atraído grande interesse nos últimos anos. Isso se
deve, por um lado, aos recentes avanços na capacidade de investigar, manipular e organizar a
matéria em escala nanométrica, que abriram um novo horizonte de possibilidades para a
fabricação e o controle da estrutura da matéria ao nível atômico e molecular e, por outro,
devido ao extenso potencial de aplicação em biosensores, dispositivos fotônicos, magnéticos e
ótico-eletrônicos. Em especial, a demanda por materiais magnéticos com capacidade para
gravação em alta densidade é uma área com grande interesse nas novas possibilidades
oferecidas pela nanociência e nanotecnologia.
Processos que possibilitem a criação de estruturas de nanopartículas nas quais seja
possível a otimização das propriedades estruturais (tamanho, forma e distribuição) são de
grande interesse científico e tecnológico. Dentre os métodos utilizados para síntese destas
estruturas, aqueles que utilizam uma membrana de alumina anódica como molde têm sido
considerados como muito interessantes devido às várias vantagens sobre as demais técnicas
convencionais (p. e. as litografias por feixe de elétrons, por micro-feixe iônico e AFM), como
o grande controle da forma das estruturas, uniformidade, longas áreas de ordenação sobre a
amostra, baixo custo e relativa facilidade de fabricação.
Neste trabalho, estudou-se a preparação de amostras de alumina nanoporosa a partir do
alumínio ultra-puro pelo processo de oxidação anódica. Investigou-se a influência dos dois
estágios de anodização no grau de ordenação da amostra e também se verificou a relação entre
as condições de anodização, eletrólito e tensão, e as características morfológicas das amostras
obtidas. As amostras foram caracterizadas por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e
Microscopia de Força Atômica (AFM), técnicas que se mostraram poderosas ferramentas para
investigação das nanoestruturas obtidas.
Além da produção das amostras, foi construído e implementado um arranjo
experimental para a fabricação de alumina nanoporosa por oxidação anódica no Laboratório
de Física Aplicada - LFA-CDTN.Nanostructured materials, i.e. materials whose structural elements (thin films, clusters, crystallites or molecules) have at least one dimension in the 1 to 100 nm range, have attracted great interest in recent years because the extensive application potential. The explosion in both scientific and technological interest in these materials over the past decade arises from the remarkable variations in fundamental electrical, optical and magnetic properties that occur as one progresses from an infinitely extended solid to a nanoscale material. As a remarkable example, the demand for magnetic materials capable of recording with high density is an area with great interest among the new possibilities offered by nanoscience and nanotechnology. Processes that enable the preparation of nanoscale materials in which it is possible to optimize the structural properties (size, shape and distributions), aiming to investigate the effects mentioned above, are of great scientific and technological interest. Among the methods used for synthesis of such nanostructures, those using an anodic alumina membrane have been considered as very interesting due to several advantages over other classical techniques (e.g. electron beam and ion beam lithography), such as the large control of structure size, uniformity, long area of ordering on the sample, low cost and relative simplicity of production. In this work, nanoporous alumina was prepared from ultra-pure aluminum by anodic oxidation process in order to be used as templates in the synthesis of magnetic nanostructures. It was investigated the influence of the two stages of anodizing in the degree of ordering of the sample and also investigated the relationship between the conditions of anodizing (electrolyte solution and voltage) and the morphological characteristics of the samples. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), techniques that have proved powerful tools for investigation of nanostructure materials. Besides the production of the samples, it was implemented the infrastructure and methodology necessary for the production of nanoporous alumina in the LFA/CDTN.
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Pereira, Saulo Milani. "Preparação e caracterização de nanoestruturas magnéticas baseadas em FeCo/IrMn depositados por pulverização catódica." CNEN - Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte, 2011. http://www.bdtd.cdtn.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=187.
Full textAbstract:
Dispositivos spintrônicos baseados no transporte de corrente polarizada em spin,
torque de spins e em outros fenômenos representam grandes promessas no cenário da
tecnologia de miniaturização dos dispositivos eletrônicos da atualidade. Materiais magnéticos
de grande relevância tecnológica para diferentes áreas envolvem, apesar de exceções, filmes e
estruturas multicamadas com alta complexidade. Avanços nesta área exigem o da estrutura
das mesmas, em escala atômica, possibilitando o ajuste de suas propriedades físicas. O
propósito deste trabalho é a preparação de estruturas multicamadas por sputtering, bem como
o estudo de fenômenos magnéticos envolvidos nestas estruturas.
O objetivo é produzir uma válvula de spin. Esta é uma estrutura multicamada
composta por dois filmes ferromagnéticos separados por um espaçador não magnético. A
magnetização de uma das camadas ferromagnéticas é livre para girar sob efeito de pequenos
campos externos, enquanto a magnetização da outra camada ferromagnética permanece fixada
por meio de acoplamento de troca com uma camada antiferromagnética. A estrutura é
ajustada para permitir que pequenos campos magnéticos aplicados possam chavear a
magnetização das camadas ferromagnéticas, de um estado antiparalelo à um estado paralelo,
resultando na variação da resistividade elétrica da estrutura (efeito GMR).
Otimização das condições de deposição foi necessária para obter estruturas com
acoplamento por polarização de troca, e acoplamento antiferromagnético através do espaçador
não magnético. A correlação entre as condições de deposição e as propriedades magnéticas
dos filmes foi estudada. O trabalho apresentado nesta dissertação tem contribuído para a
caracterização de filmes finos magnéticos, quais podem ser utilizados na produção de
sensores magnéticos, e do novo sistema de sputtering montado no Laboratório de Física
Aplicada do CDTN.Spintronic devices based in the transport of spin polarized current, spins torque and other related phenomena represent big promises in the scenery of the technological miniaturization of current electronic devices. Magnetic materials of great technological relevance for different areas deal with, despite some exceptions, films and multilayered structures with high complexity. Advances on these fields require the control of those structures in atomic scale, in order to be able to tailor their physical properties. The purpose of this work is the preparation of multilayered structures by sputtering, as well the study of magnetic phenomena involved in this structures. The aim is to produce a spin valve. This is a multilayer structure composed of two ferromagnetic layers, separated by a non magnetic spacer. The magnetisation of one of the ferromagnetic layers is free to rotate under the effect of small external fields, whilst the magnetisation of the other ferromagnetic layer remains fixed by means exchange coupling to a antiferromagnetic layer. The structure is tailored to allow the small applied magnetic fields to switch the magnetisation of the ferromagnetic layers from antiparallel state to a parallel state resulting in the variation of the electrical resistivity of the structure (GMR effect). Optimization of deposition conditions was required to obtain structures with exchange bias coupling, and antiferromagnetic coupling through a non magnetic spacer. The correlation between the deposition conditions and the magnetic properties of the films was studied. The work presented in this dissertation has contributed to the characterisation of both magnetic thin films, which can be used on the production of magnetic sensors, and the new sputtering system assembled in the Applied Physics Laboratory of CDTN.
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Sabino, Adelmo Santiago. "First Principles Study of Carbon Nanotubes Interacting with NO2SbF6." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=605.
Full textAbstract:
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorIn this work we present the study of the interaction of the nitronium hexafluorantimonate (NO2SbF6-NHFA) with nanotubos of carbon (5,5), (8,0) and bundles of nanotubos of carbon (8,0). The treatment of nanotubos in TMS/cloroforme solution (tetramethylene sulfone/chloroform) with NO2SbF6 is responsible for the formation of superbundle. To study the structural and electronic properties in the considered systems, we use an established theoretical boarding in calculations of first principles, making use of the theory of the functionary of the density with the approach of the local density for the term of exchangeâcorrelation. The calculations had been carried through using computational program SIESTA. In order to analizarmos the interaction of the nanotubos and bundles of carbon with the NHFA, investigate ion NO+2 , anion SbF−6 and the molecule NO2SbF6 interacting with the nanotubos or intercalated in bundles of nanotubo of carbon. From the electronic and estrural characterization we evidence that the systems formed for nanotubos of carbon (5,5) and NO+2 , (8,0) and NO+2 interact way strong chemical adsorption, while the other systems interact way weak chemical adsorption.
Neste trabalho apresentamos o estudo da interaÃÃo do nitrÃnio hexafluorantimonato (NO2SbF6-NHFA) com nanotubos de carbono (5,5), (8,0) e bundles de nanotubos de carbono (8,0). O tratamento de nanotubos em soluÃÃo TMS/cloroforme tetramethylene sulfone/chloroform) com NO2SbF6 Ã responsÃvel pela formaÃÃo de superbundle. Para estudar as propriedades estruturais e eletrÃnicas nos sistemas considerados, utilizamos uma abordagem teÂorica baseada em cÃlculos de primeiros princÃpios, fazendo uso da teoria do funcional da densidade com a aproximaÃÃo da densidade local para o termo de exchangeâcorrelaÃÃo. Os cÃlculos foram realizados usando o programa computacional SIESTA. A fim de analizarmos a interaÃÃo dos nanotubos e bundles de carbono com o NHFA, investigamos o Ãon NO+2, o Ãnion SbF−6 e a molÃcula NO2SbF6 interagindo com os nanotubos ou intercalados em bundles de nanotubo de carbono. A partir da caracterizaÃÃo eletrÃnica e estrural constatamos que os sistemas formados por nanotubos de carbono (5,5) e NO+2, (8,0) e NO+2 interagem via adsorÃÃo quÃmica forte, enquanto os outros sistemas interagem via adsorÃÃo quÃmica fraca.
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JÃnior, Diniz Maciel de Sena. "Vibrational and Thermal Properties of Crystalline Topiramate." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1372.
Full textAbstract:
FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoThe scientific interest on molecular crystals stems from their great versatility and ease of processing. For pharmaceutically active ingredients, the structure-activity relationship is of major importance. Topiramate, a white and crystalline solid, is a powerful drug efficiently employed to control epilepsy symptoms. The mechanism of action involves a negative modulatory effect on the AMPA/kainate subtypes of glutamate receptors and some types of voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels, and a positive modulatory effect on some types of GABAA receptors and at least one type of K+ channels in neurons. Despite its pharmacological attributes, the lack of publications regarding its physical-chemical properties in the literature is apparent. In order to fill this gap, a research comprising vibrational spectroscopy techniques (Raman and infrared), thermal analysis (TGA/DTA/DSC), and theoretical calculations, was carried out. With the aid of calculations employing density functional theory (DFT), most of the observed vibrational bands is assigned. Consideration of Raman spectra recorded at temperatures above and below room temperature, as well as under high hydrostatic pressures, indicated maintenance of the orthorhombic crystalline structure under the diverse thermodynamic conditions employed. Thermal analysis, however, showed that, after the melting point, the sample undergoes decomposition in a process comprising three stages, possibly initiated with loss of the sulfamate group by the molecule. This event inspired a theoretical study aimed at promoting the sulfamate group bond breakage in a controlled way by employing a laser instead of heat. This was accomplished by quantum dynamics simulations which showed that, by using a set of ultrashort pulses in the infrared region, it is possible to reach levels close to 70 % dissociation in less than 3 ps.
O interesse cientÃfico pelos cristais moleculares resulta da facilidade de processamento destes materiais, e de sua grande versatilidade. No caso de drogas, a relaÃÃo entre estrutura e atividade à de suma importÃncia. Topiramato, um sÃlido branco e cristalino, à um fÃrmaco utilizado com bastante eficiÃncia para controlar os sintomas da epilepsia. O mecanismo de aÃÃo envolve um efeito modulatÃrio negativo nos receptores de glutamato do subtipo AMPA/kainato e alguns tipos de canais de Na+ e Ca2+ voltagem-dependentes, bem como um efeito modulatÃrio positivo em alguns tipos de receptores GABAA e pelo menos um tipo de canal de K+ nos neurÃnios. A despeito de suas qualidades farmacolÃgicas, a escassez de trabalhos relacionados Ãs suas propriedades fÃsico-quÃmicas na literatura à evidente. Para ajudar a preencher esta lacuna, uma investigaÃÃo envolvendo tÃcnicas de espectroscopia vibracional (Raman e infravermelho), anÃlises tÃrmicas (TGA/DTA/DSC), e cÃlculos teÃricos, foi realizada. Com a ajuda de cÃlculos empregando a teoria do funcional de densidade (DFT), a atribuiÃÃo da maioria das bandas vibracionais observadas foi realizada. A observaÃÃo dos espectros Raman obtidos em temperaturas acima e abaixo da ambiente, bem como sob altas pressÃes hidrostÃticas, indicou que a estrutura cristalina ortorrÃmbica à mantida nas diferentes condiÃÃes termodinÃmicas empregadas. A anÃlise tÃrmica, entretanto, mostrou que, apÃs a fusÃo, o material sofre decomposiÃÃo em um processo que envolve trÃs etapas, possivelmente iniciado com a perda do grupo sulfamato pela molÃcula. Este fato motivou um estudo teÃrico a fim de modelar a quebra da ligaÃÃo do sulfamato de maneira controlada, utilizando um laser em lugar de calor. Isto foi realizado com simulaÃÃes de dinÃmica quÃntica, que mostraram que, atravÃs da utilizaÃÃo de uma combinaÃÃo de pulsos ultracurtos na regiÃo do infravermelho, à possÃvel atingir nÃveis prÃximos a 70% de dissociaÃÃo em menos de 3 ps.
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Santos, Elton Josà Gomes dos. "Nanotubos de Carbono substitucionados com monÃmeros e dÃmeros de titÃnico: uma aproximaÃÃo de primeiros princÃpios." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1711.
Full textAbstract:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoNeste trabalho estudamos, atravÃs de abordagen de primeiros princÃpios, algumas forÂmas de obtermos monÃmeros e dÃmeros de Ti substitucionados em nanotubos de carbono metÃlicos ou semicondutores. Apresentamos possÃveis rotas substitucionais para as imÂpurezas se agregarem à superfÃcie dos nanotubos, observando a relaÃÃo entre o nÃmero de vacÃncias sobre as paredes e a quantidade de impurezas metÃlicas colocadas em cada sÃtio! Encontramos que essa forma sistemÃtica de realizarmos a dopagem gera mudanÃas pronunciÃveis sobre as principais propriedades eletrÃnicas e estruturais dos tubos. Desde modo, à possÃvel a confecÃÃo de complexos metais-ligantes, dependendo como os defeitos nos tubos sÃo produzidos e de que forma os metais estabelecem a sua configuraÃÃo mais estÃvel sobre a lamela. Podendo servir de centro reativo para agregaÃÃo de novas estruÂturas sobre os titÃnios e a formaÃÃo de estruturas hÃbridas, tÃo em evidÃncia nos mais amplos cenÃrios da funcionalizaÃÃo. Os cÃlculos de energia total com polarizaÃÃo de spin foram realizados com o programa SIESTA- Spanish Initiative fOT EletTOnic Simulations with Thousands of Atoms, que consiste hoje no estado da arte em termos; de cÃlculos computacionais ab initio para orbitais em base numÃrica que escalonam linearmente com o tamanho do sistema. O que possibilita à obtenÃÃo de resultados tÃo bons quanto aos melhores cÃlculos, em ondas; planas, sà que de forma mais rÃpida e barata computaciÂonalmente. Um detalhado estudo da estrutura eletrÃnica de bandas, da densidade de estados, do contouT plot da densidade de carga localizada sobre cada nÃvel do sistema, da populaÃÃo de Mullikcn e da configuraÃÃo geomÃtrica mais estÃvel que o sistema alcanÃou à realizado.
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Abagaro, Bruno Tavares de Oliveira. "Espalhamento Raman em Policristais de L-prolina sob Altas PressÃes HidrostÃticas." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3933.
Full textAbstract:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoNeste trabalho, apresentamos um estudo de espalhamento Raman de cristais de L-prolina (C5H9NO2) Ã temperatura ambiente e sob condiÃÃes de altas pressÃes hidrostÃticas, no intervalo espectral entre 30 e 3200 cm-1. Propomos uma classificaÃÃo das bandas Raman em vÃrios modos de vibraÃÃo, baseando-se em estudos anteriores sobre espectroscopia Raman da L-prolina e de outros aminoÃcidos tais como L-leucina, L-isoleucina e L-valina. Os espectros Raman em funÃÃo de altas pressÃes sugerem que o cristal de L-prolina sofra uma transiÃÃo de fase estrutural reversÃvel entre 1,5 e 2,5 GPa, associada com mudanÃas conformacionais das molÃculas de L-prolina na cÃlula unitÃria. TambÃm foi observada, em aproximadamente 5,2 GPa, uma mudanÃa conformacional, a qual pode estar relacionada com modificaÃÃes do anel pirrolidÃnico da molÃcula de L-prolina.
In this work, we have presented a Raman scattering study of L-proline (C5H9NO2) crystals at room temperature and high hydrostatic pressure conditions over the spectral range 30-3200 cm-1. We have proposed an assignment of the Raman bands to various vibration modes based on previous Raman spectroscopy studies of L-proline and others amino acids such as L-leucine, L-isoleucine and L-valine. The high-pressure Raman espectra suggest that the L-proline crystal undergoes a reversible structural phase transition between 1.5 and 2.5 GPa, associated with conformational changes of L-proline molecules in the unit cell. It also was observed at about 5.2 GPa a conformational change that may be related with modifications of the proline pyrrolidine ring.
Books on the topic "Materia condensata"
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Serebryakov, Andrey, Lyubov' Ushivceva, Viktor Pyhalov, and Zhanetta Kalashnik. Calculation of geological reserves and resources of oil, gas, condensate and commercial products. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1225035.
Full textAbstract:
The modern methods of assessing geological reserves and resources of oil, gas and condensate, concepts and criteria for allocating categories of reserves and resources in accordance with the properties of oils, gases and condensates, which are scientifically based on the international market, are described. For the first time, the calculation of the stocks of commercial products contained in the composition of oil, gas and condensate is given. The categories of reserves and resources according to Russian and foreign classifications are compared. The state of hydrocarbon reserves by countries and continents is described. The interrelationships of the stages of geological exploration with the calculation technologies and categories of reserves and resources are clarified. The ecological tasks of exploration and development of hydrocarbons are highlighted. The main directions and technologies of oil, gas and condensate refining, which are an integral stage of calculating and developing reserves, are given.
At the end of each chapter, control questions and tasks are given to assess the level of knowledge and the volume of assimilation of materials.
Meets the requirements of the federal state standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for undergraduates of the "Geology" direction, graduate students of the "Earth Sciences" direction, students and teachers of universities, specialists in the exploration and processing of oil, gas and condensate, employees of the fuel and energy complex.
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Encontro, Nacional de Física da Matéria Condensada (13th 1990 Caxambu Minas Gerais Brazil). XIII Encontro Nacional de Física da Matéria Condensada: Programas e resumos. [São Paulo?]: Sociedade Brasileira de Física, 1990.
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Encontro Nacional de Física da Matéria Condensada (14th 1991 Caxambu, Minas Gerais, Brazil). XIV Encontro Nacional de Física da Matéria Condensada: Programa e resumas. [São Paulo]: Sociedade Brasileira de Física, 1991.
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Encontro Nacional de Física da Matéria Condensada (11th 1988 Caxambu, Minas Gerais, Brazil). XI Encontro Nacional de Física da Matéria Condensada: Programas e resumos. [Brazil]: Sociedade Brasileira de Física, 1988.
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S, Hunklinger, Ludwig W. 1929-, Weiss G. 1952-, and International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter (6th : 1989 : Heidelberg, Germany), eds. Phonons '89: Proceedings of the third International Conference on Phonon Physics and the sixth International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter, Heidelberg, 21-25 August, 1989, Federal Republic of Germany. Singapore: World Scientific, 1990.
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Serebryakov, Andrey, Tat'yana Smirnova, Valentina Mercheva, and Elena Soboleva. Chemistry of combustible minerals. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1041945.
Full textAbstract:
This textbook is a publication of the latest generation, designed to optimize the national project "Education"; develops theoretical knowledge about the genesis of natural liquid, gaseous and solid combustible minerals, the formation of the composition and properties, the practical significance of fuel and energy natural complexes. It is devoted to the study of the composition, properties and classification of oils, gas condensate, natural gases and solid combustible minerals, studied at the level of modern achievements of instrumental analytical and factory equipment in accordance with existing technologies, theories and hypotheses about the genesis of hydrocarbons and Earth sciences. The publication is supplemented with the main directions of processing of combustible minerals. Digital and graphical types of chemical models of the synergy of components of gas and oil deposits are described, which are necessary for predicting the phase state and composition of hydrocarbons and optimizing the directions of processing of marketable products. To facilitate the process of cognition of the origin and formation of the composition and properties of natural combustible minerals, a glossary, tests, as well as questions for the test and exam are offered.
To control the knowledge gained by students while studying textbook materials, each chapter is accompanied by questions and tasks.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students studying in the fields of 05.04.01, 05.03.01 "Geology", 21.05.02 "Applied Geology", as well as for specialists in the field of geology, geochemistry, extraction and processing of oil, gas, gas condensate, solid fuels.
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Disordered materials: An introduction. Berlin: Springer, 2003.
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Rahman, Atta-ur. Solving problems with NMR spectroscopy. San Diego: Academic Press, 1996.
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Seitz, Frederick. The modern theory of solids. New York: Dover Publications, 1987.
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James, Craik David, ed. NMR in drug design. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Materia condensata"
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Bordoloi, Kiron C., and Larisa S. Brizhik. "The Properties of Superconducting Bisoliton Condensate in External Magnetic Field." In Physics and Materials Science of High Temperature Superconductors, II, 95–103. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2462-1_7.
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Shinde, Vasundhara, Gaurav Argade, Anusha Chilukuri, Monica Gehrich, and Chirag Parikh. "Electrochemical Corrosion Tests of Aluminum 1100 Alloy Coupons in Acid Condensate Environment." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 640–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92381-5_61.
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Schmidt, Mario, Hannes Spieth, Christian Haubach, and Christian Kühne. "Using waste condensate as a material and for energy – a contribution to sustainability." In 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management, 182–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56745-6_30.
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Chilukuri, Anusha, Michael Warwick, and Gaurav Argade. "Electrochemical Study of Stainless Steels in Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) and Simulated Exhaust Acid Condensate Environments." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 649–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92381-5_62.
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Ghosh, Archishman, Divya Kota, and Huan-Xiang Zhou. "Determining Thermodynamic and Material Properties of Biomolecular Condensates by Confocal Microscopy and Optical Tweezers." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 237–60. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2663-4_12.
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Saikia, Jonali. "Adsorption of Lead Ions from Aqueous Solution by Functionalized Polymer Aniline–Formaldehyde Condensate, Coated on Various Support Materials." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 271–88. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0990-2_21.
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"Material Balance Methods." In Estimation and Classification of Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Condensate, 99–119. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/9781555630904-04.
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Pavlovska, Ilona, Lāsma Akūlova, Anna Lece, Žanna Martinsone, Linda Paegle, Aneka Kļaviņa, Klinta Sprūdža, and Inese Mārtiņsone. "Assessment of Occupational Exposures in the 3D Printing: Current Status and Future Prospects." In Advances in 3D Printing [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109465.
Full textAbstract:
3D (three-dimensional) printing technologies are widespread and rapidly evolving, creating new specific working conditions, and their importance has been highlighted by increasing publications in recent years. The report provides a compilation of current information on 3D technologies, materials, and measurements, considering the determination of the potential actual exposure dose of chemicals through airborne inhalation and dermal exposure, including workers’ exhaled breath condensate and urine data. Noninvasive assessment methods are becoming increasingly popular, as they are painless, easy to perform, and inexpensive. Investigation of biomarkers reflecting pulmonary inflammation and local and systemic oxidative stress in exhaled breath, exhaled breath condensate, and urine are among them. It is also important to consider the occupational health and safety risks associated with the use of various new materials in 3D printing, which are associated with skin irritation and sensitivity risks. Therefore, EDI (estimated daily intake) calculations for assessment of the potential occupational health risk purposes via inhalation and dermal exposure are critical in future. The assessment of occupational exposure and health risks of 3D printing processes is essential for the proper identification, control, and prevention of working conditions, also for the diagnosis and monitoring of occupational diseases among workers to improve public health and well-being in general.
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Montgomery, Will. "Lorine Niedecker." In Short Form American Poetry, 90–117. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748695324.003.0005.
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This chapter considers Niedecker’s version of the Poundian condensare – “this condensery” – to achieve a peculiar balance between aesthetics and the local (Niedecker’s home state contained several condenseries, or factories for condensing milk). Montgomery describse how Niedecker developed a poetics informed by a simultaneous commitment to place and displacement. He focuses in particular on a cluster of poems from the early 1960s that sets up an opposition between property and poetry. Niedecker finds imaginative wealth in material impoverishment. This conditions the formal features of her writing.
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Alshareedah, Ibraheem, Taranpreet Kaur, and Priya R. Banerjee. "Methods for characterizing the material properties of biomolecular condensates." In Methods in Enzymology. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.mie.2020.06.009.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Materia condensata"
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Odi, Uchenna, and Anuj Gupta. "Fractional Flow Analysis of Displacement in a CO2 Enhanced Gas Recovery Process for Carbonate Reservoirs." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-84173.
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This paper presents fractional flow analysis of displacement of gas/condensate in a wet/condensate gas reservoir by CO2 that includes interactions between CO2 and condensate. Phase behavior affects the performance of carbon dioxide enhanced oil/ gas recovery processes in a significant manner. It also controls the effectiveness of carbon dioxide sequestration processes. In the past, there has been a focus on understanding interactions of CO2 with matrix and other fluids in oil reservoirs by various researchers. However, there is now an increasing interest in understanding carbon dioxide interactions in gas condensate reservoirs so that CO2 can be used to increase recovery. For a carbonate reservoir containing gas-condensates, this new focus requires a fundamental understanding of the interactions of carbon dioxide with condensate and gas phases. This paper describes the relative effect that these mechanisms have by conducting a fractional flow analysis for Enhanced Gas Recovery. These mechanisms include miscibility and partitioning of CO2 in various phases. Understanding these mechanisms is essential to modeling Enhanced Oil/Gas Recovery using CO2. The analysis honors the material balance and accounts for miscibility between carbon dioxide and condensate. The results of the fractional flow analysis are important for validation of computer simulation of the comparable processes. This work is expected to serve as a foundation work in understanding the mechanisms involved in CO2 assisted enhanced oil and gas recovery.
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Siddiqui, Fahd, Ghulam M. Waqas, and M. Noman Khan. "Application of General Material Balance on Gas Condensate Reservoirs GIIP Estimation." In SPE/PAPG Annual Technical Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/142847-ms.
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Orozco, Daniel, and Roberto Aguilera. "A Material Balance Equation for Stress-Sensitive Shale Gas Condensate Reservoirs." In SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/177260-ms.
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Hsieh, Frank S., Cecilia Vega, and Lucy Vega. "Material Balance as a Horizontal Line for a Gas-Condensate Reservoir." In SPE Gas Technology Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/75516-ms.
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Ianno, N. J., J. Pu, and F. Zhou. "Volatile contaminant materials: relationship between condensate, effluent and bulk composition." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Sharon A. Straka, Nancy Carosso, and Joanne Egges. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.930497.
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Herzallah, Osama, Mariam Alsulaimani, Ammar Al Omari, Abdulaziz Almarzouqi, and Nouf Braik. "FRP Materials in Oil and Gas Industry: New Challenge Highlighted." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211132-ms.
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Abstract Lately, the oil and gas industry has been always exploring and examining new materials that has superior properties that work efficiently under severe conditions. Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) is one of those materials that exhibit good corrosion resistance and possess powerful properties. However, FRP may encounter some substantial challenges through certain applications. This paper will highlight the failure of a unique FRP-made internal component in a condensate tank as part of a steam generation process. Some oil traces were reported in certain equipment downstream of a condensate return tank in a steam generation plant. The tank was taken out of service and inspected internally. The Corrugated Plates Interceptor (CPI) pack, one of the tank's essential internals that is made of an FRP material, was found to be covered with a dark sludge layer, partially distorted and becoming very crunchy. A root cause analysis was conducted to list all the possible sources of the CPI pack failure. All the equipment documents were reviewed and the properties of the FRP material of the CPI pack was studied. The CPI pack in the condensate return tank was made from a cast Laminate Isophthalic Resin, which is an FRP material that is selected due to its chemical and mechanical properties. This CPI pack was found to be covered with dark sludge deposits. Some of the corrugated plates were either compressed or crumbled and the pack was distorted with a considerable angle from its original position. The review of the tank operating conditions showed that the temperature of the influent entering the tank was ranging from 70 – 95 °C. Simultaneously, after studying the FRP properties, it was noted that the maximum allowed heat distortion temperature of the CPI pack material is 100 °C, which is only 5 °C higher than the highest temperature of the inlet fluid. This marginal difference was found to be not enough for the FRP to withstand such service. Hence, the FRP material of the CPI pack was found to be inadequate for very high temperatures and shall be replaced with a more heat-resistant material. Moreover, the sludge layer on the CPI pack was attributed to the insufficient cleaning of the sludge inside the tank. This research sheds light on one of the challenges of using FRP materials in high temperature applications. This may grab the attention on a weakness of FRP materials that may need to be furtherly considered and improved in the future. In the case analyzed in this paper, it was recommended to use a CRA material with high heat resistance rather than an FRP material.
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Fan, Jintu, and Xiaoyin Cheng. "A Numerical and Experimental Study of Heat and Moisture Transfer With Phase Change and Mobile Condensates in Fibrous Insulation." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47597.
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This paper reports on an improved model of coupled heat and moisture transfer with phase change and mobile condensates in fibrous insulation. The new model considered the moisture movement induced by the partial water vapor pressure, a super saturation state in condensing region as well as the dynamic moisture absorption of fibrous materials and the movement of liquid condensates. The results of the new model were compared and found in good agreement with the experimental ones. Numerical simulation was carried using the model to investigate the effect of various material parameters on the transport phenomena.
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Awang Bakar, Dyg Amalina Azyyati, Norlelawati Mustaffa, Rohaizad M Norpiah, Qurratuaini M Nazori, Nur Izyan Mukhtar, Zurina Jamil, and Nurain Rahman. "An Innovative Solution for Sour Service Offshore Pipeline Design Utilizing Multiphase Transient Simulation Modelling and Topsides Sour Gas Treatment Selections." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210610-ms.
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Abstract An offshore gas field uses a membrane acid gas removal unit (AGRU) to remove H2S from the sales gas and condensate stream to meet low specification and operate reliably. A stringent pre-treatment specification is a must to ensure reliability and integrity of the system. With high H2S concentration in condensate from the pre-treatment regeneration cycle, it is imperative to treat both gas and condensate stream to meet gas sales specification. This paper covers process engineering and flow assurance design implemented for gas and condensate H2S removal system and determining sour service operating envelope necessary for pipeline material selection utilizing multiphase transient simulation modelling.
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Humphreys, N. V. "The Material Balance Equation for a Gas Condensate Reservoir With Significant Water Vaporization." In SPE Gas Technology Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/21514-ms.
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Bikman, Yefim Semenovich. "Forecasting Hydrocarbon Production at Gas Condensate Fields Considering Phase Transformations of Reservoir Systems." In SPE Eastern Europe Subsurface Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208562-ms.
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Abstract Based on the results of PVT studies, a methodology for estimating hydrocarbon recovery at various stages of a gas condensate field development, depending on the current weighted average reservoir pressure in the gas drive, is considered. In this case, the physical processes related to the phase transformations of the reservoir gas condensate mixture with a decrease in reservoir pressure in the deposit are assumed identical in the PVT bomb. That is, the effect of the porous medium is neglected. This allows describing the processes of phase transformations with the same equation of material balance, based on which it is possible to forecast hydrocarbon recovery at gas condensate fields, and provide a control over the results of phase transformation modelling of the reservoir gas condensate mixture in phase balance bomb (PVT bomb).
Reports on the topic "Materia condensata"
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Bannochie, C. J., D. J. Adamson, and W. D. King. Characterization of DWPF recycle condensate materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1221772.
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Bannochie, C. J. Characterization of DWPF recycle condensate tank materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1170523.
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