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Kalenský, Vít. "Modely matematického programování pro směšovací úlohy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392839.
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This diploma thesis deals with optimization models with design of a new waste management infrastructure in the Czech Republic, such that combustible waste, which is not utilized by the material recovering, can be used by energy recovering. This task is handled by optimization models, including trac and mixing problems. First of all, the concepts of graph theory and optimization are presented in this paper. Subsequently, some of the GAMS functions are discussed, and later the VBA programming language used to handle the larger data quickly is presented. In the main part, three gradually expanding models are developed. At the end the data from the waste management information system are implemented into them.
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Dražka, Jan. "Modely matematického programování pro úlohy optimálního řízení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230948.
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This thesis deals with optimization of a vehicle’s (racing) drive on a track. The model of a vehicle and a track is built in this thesis. The first chapter is devoted to the fastest pass problem formulation. The problem optimizes (in the least time) the vehicle’s drive from a start line to a finish line. The problem is formulated as an optimal control theory problem. In the second chapter the optimal control theory problem is suitably discretised and transformed into a nonlinear programming problem. The transformation of the fastest pass problem into nonlinear programming problem, its detailed and illustrative derivation and reformulation form the main part of the thesis. Third chapter presents the implementation and solution of the problem using GAMS and MATLAB. This thesis is a part of a specific research project on which the author has participated. The main contribution of the author is an original formulation of the fastest pass problem as a nonlinear programming problem and its implementation and solving using GAMS.
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Nevrlý, Vlastimír. "Modely a metody pro svozové úlohy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-242880.
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This master's thesis deals with mathematical model building for routing problems and ways to solve them. There are discussed and implemented deterministic and heuristic approaches that are suitable to be utilized. A big effort is put into building of the mathematical model describing a real world problem from the field of waste management. Appropriate algorithms are developed and modified to solve a particular problem effectively. An original graphical environment is created to illustrate acquired results and perform testing computations.
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Pátek, Tomáš. "Sada testovacích úloh pro měření odezvy lidského operátora." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413183.
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This master’s thesis deals with the design of a simulator for measuring the response of a human operator in the MATLAB program and the Simulink extension. The first part summarizes the theory of mathematical models of human operator, which is followed by a description of a simulator for response measurement with a graphical user interface. In the last part, the basic measurement of human operator response to different scenarios, comparison of quality of control for different operators and identification of model for individual operators are performed.
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Cabalka, Matouš. "Pokročilá optimalizace toků v sítích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392835.
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The master’s thesis focuses on the optimization models in logistics with emphasis on the network interdiction problem. The brief introduction is followed by two overview chapters - graph theory and mathematical programming. Important definitions strongly related to network interdiction problems are introduced in the chapter named Basic concepts of graph theory. Necessary theorems used for solving problems are following the definitions. Next chapter named Introduction to mathematical programming firstly contains concepts from linear programming. Definitions and theorems are chosen with respect to the following maximum flow problem and the derived dual problem. Concepts of stochastic optimization follow. In the fifth chapter, we discuss deterministic models of the network interdiction. Stochastic models of the network interdiction follow in the next chapter. All models are implemented in programmes written in the programming language GAMS, the codes are attached.
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Nováková, Pavlína. "Modelování vybraných rizik ve zdravotnictví." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446786.
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The diploma thesis deals with the modeling of selected risks in healthcare. Motivated by the current pandemic situation, it focuses on analysis of risks associated with the vaccination center in Brno. The theoretical part is mainly devoted to the issue of risk management with a focus on risks in healthcare, where the methods that are used in the practical part are defined. Furthermore, the thesis presents selected topics of mathematical programming. Especially, the newsvendor problem is introduced as inspiring case for further modelling. The brief description of the covid-19 pandemic situation later serves as one of the data sources. The practical part deals with the description and risk analysis of the vaccination process using the methods "What If?" and the FMEA method. Appropriate decisions are then proposed for selected risk situations using the GAMS optimization system. Based on the results of the calculations, specific recommendations are proposed.
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Rychtář, Adam. "Transformace optimalizačních modelů s aplikacemi." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254409.
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The thesis deals with recent problems of waste management in the Czech Republic. In connection with the existing software implementation, the author focuses on the gradual development of advanced mathematical programming models, which generalize existing approaches. The author applies acquired knowledge in the areas of network flows, linear, integer, and stochastic programming. The important role is played by modifications and transformations of the discussed models. They are further used to obtain the experimental results for real-world input data by implementation in GAMS.
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Schovánek, Michal. "Úlohy matematické olympiády." Master's thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-269645.
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KRULEC, Radek. "Matematické úlohy inspirované geografií." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-381842.
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The diploma thesis is devoted to the inter-subject relationships of mathematics and geography. The aim of this thesis is to study real situations from the environment of geography, which have a mathematical basis, and to create a set of application examples for teaching at primary and secondary school. The work should show that mathematics is connected not only to physics, chemistry, biology, but also to geography, and that it occurs in many real-world situations.
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Králíková, Jana. "Matematické úlohy v přírodě." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-282096.
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The diploma thesis consists of five exercises, which can be used within mathematical education at secondary schools. In these exercises students get involved with mathematical applications in ordinary life, which they can practically experience. A part of each exercise takes place outdoors, outside of the classroom. Objectives of the exercises are to display both mathematical and practical problems of the application. The topics of exercises are Tree height measuring, The measuring of unreachable distances, The altitude profile of a track, Cryptography and The Tower of Hanoi. I tried to make these exercises to solve real practical problems and to use the secondary school mathematics as much as possible at the same time. Students will use their knowledge in plane geometry, goniometry and trigonometry, functions and their graphs, sequences, series and proof by mathematical induction. Purposes of the exercises are to develop mathematical and logical thinking, to teach how to express the real situation in a mathematical way and to recognize mathematics in other fields of human activity.
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MEDVIĎOVÁ, Markéta. "Slovní úlohy v matematice v kontextu čtenářské a matematické gramotnosti." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-253033.
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The aim of my work is to prove continuity of solving word problems in math within the context of reading and mathematical literacy. Ten word problems will be created with different mathematical content, with longer task for challenging reading literacy. For all problems will be stated the correct solution. In the practical part, the problems will be assigned to solve to selected pupils at selected schools. The results of their solution will then be analysed and published.
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BROM, Jiří. "Matematické metody a úlohy v astronomii." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-202658.
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The aim of this thesis is to create collections of examples for the subject Astronomy taught for students of pedagogical faculties, studying this discipline as a part of physics courses. Due to very different mathematical knowledge of students I have chosen typical and not much difficult examples oriented to several branches of astronomy. Each part of examples begins with a self-contained theoretical introduction. The difficulty rises gradually from trivial to more complicated examples. The examples are mainly focused on motions in radial gravitational fields.
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Hyánek, Martin. "Matematické úlohy z reálného života pro střední školu za pomoci interaktivní tabule." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-313854.
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Mathematical problems from real life for secondary schools using an interactive white board. (Diploma thesis.) ABSTRACT The diploma thesis deals with the possibility of IWB application in the teaching of mathematics at a secondary school. The aim was to examine its didactical potential for the teaching of mathematical functions. For this purpose, I created and described three interactive presentations in programs Smart Notebook and Math Tools focused on elementary mathematical functions that are illustrated on examples from real life and interconnect knowledge from diverse subjects. Namely it is a quadratic function and its application in sport, exponential function and its application in geography and goniometric function sinus and its application in music. One of the presentations was applied in practice. The thesis reflects the experience from teaching and also looks into how students perceive using the IWB during teaching. It was confirmed that the teacher's role is in the use of IWB is indispensable. The theoretical part of the thesis contextualizes the IWB application from historical, technical and didactical points of view. The thesis can serve as an inspiration for the practical use of IWB in mathematics teaching. Key words: interactive white board (IWB), interactive teaching, Smart Notebook, Math...
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KARLOVSKÁ, Tamara. "Soutěž Matematický klokan z pohledu budoucího učitele." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-363621.
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This diploma thesis presents the perspective of a future teacher on mathematical contests and their impact on the development of crucial competencies, with special focus on the contest Mathematical kangaroo. The thesis deals with test questions from categories Benjamin and Kadet from 2015. Furthermore, a set of worksheets expounding similar examples that can be found in this contest, is included in the thesis. These exercises are established to serve pupils with inferior results as a preparation for the contest, or for the enlivening of math classes. Solution is illustrated via pictures, sketches, geometrical constructions, tables and verbal comments that should help pupils to better understand the topics.
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Šmídová, Kateřina. "Přípravné úlohy z prostředí Parket u dětí vstupujících do 1. ročníku ZŠ." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-408518.
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The aim of the submitted diploma is to refine tasks of manipulative environment Parquets for Preschool Children. These tasks then apply to preschool and school children. Not only observe how they cope with these activities, but also how they think, explain their actions, and how they communicate with each other. Observe myself, as a researcher, how do I work with children, how do I communicate with them and how do I submit them the tasks. The theoretical part defines the individual stages for the preschool and pupils in terms of the development of psychology, they are constructive concepts of teaching mathematics with reference to the RVP ZV and RVP PV. The tasks from the environment of Parquets for the first and second year of primary school were registered with reference to didactic potential. I searched the relevant didactic games and described their didactic goals. By the end of the thesis, the extent of the aims fulfilling is reflected. KEYWORDS environment Parquets, constructivism, 2D geometry, didactical games, Ubongo
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Loulová, Jana. "Stovková tabulka ve vyučování matematice na 1. stupni ZŠ." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-349142.
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The Hundred Table environment is one of the mathematical environments created by the authors of mathematics textbooks published by FRAUS using the Hejný Method, and this paper investigates it further. The theoretical section looks at the current teaching of mathematics and theories of pupils' cognitive process. It further defines the term 'table' and looks at work with it within FRAUS mathematics textbooks using the Hejný Method. Key here are tasks using the Hundred Table environment, which are further described according to type. The objectives of tasks using this environment are also stated. The theoretical section also gives a description of how Hundred Tables appear in various textbooks, materials and other mathematical situations. The experimental section describes three experiments which I undertook to find an appropriate method for implementing Hundred Tables within teaching. I created a number of new tasks for these experiments and investigated what methods pupils used to solve these tasks. KEY WORDS Hundred Table environment, motivation, pupils' cognitive process, table, task solving methods, mathematics textbooks for Primary School, ways of Hundred Tables, sum of centrally symmetric figures, rectangles in Hundred Tables
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LOUŽENSKÁ, Barbora. "Vliv dyskalkulie na pochopení a řešení slovní úlohy u dítěte na 1. stupni ZŠ." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-55364.
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The diploma thesis consists of two parts, the theoretic part and practical part. Theoretic part is focused on terms of unique mental dificiencies of learning and discalculation, ways and methods of solutions word problems. The aim of the practical part is finding influence of terms of unique mental dificiencies of learning on succesfull solution of word problems at students of basic school. The enclosure contains a few worksheets, which can be used to reeducation of difficuilties.
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Pártl, David. "Prostředí Autobus ve vyučování matematice na 1. stupni ZŠ." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-346106.
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The diploma thesis deals with the topic of the mathematical environment Bus realized through mathematical tasks in textbooks Hejný et al. The issue is aimed at pupils of the fourth grade of primary school. The main point of the theoretical part is study of gradual gradation of tasks in environment Bus from 1st to 5th grade of primary school. It was found that the frequency of the tasks in the textbook for the fourth grade is impaired and on the basis has been prepared experiment that complement the tasks so that the frequency has been unimpaired. The practical part includes the preparation of an experiment in which custom- designed tasks were formulated. They were linked with fourth-year primary school curriculum. By performing two experiments was obtained 262 pupil's solutions of tasks, in which were recorded and analyzed pupil's mistakes. This enabled to formulate phenomenons that could be caused by impaired frequency of tasks in environment Bus in textbooks Hejný et al. KEYWORDS graduaded problems, experiment, Hejný's teaching method, mathematical environment Bus, word problems, work with table
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Landíková, Kristýna. "Kritická místa matematiky na 1. st. ZŠ vyučované Hejného metodou." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445714.
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The thesis on "Critical places at the first stage of primary school in the teaching of mathematics by the Hejný method" focuses on the problematic places of the Hejný method, which make it difficult for teachers and especially their pupils at the first stage of primary schools. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the constructivist and transient educational style teaching of mathematics using the Hejný method are characterized. The critical points in mathematics identified in the project of the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic are also introduced and conceived into a unified structure. The theoretical part also includes an analysis of pupil solutions to mathematical tasks from the 2015 TIMSS international survey. The empirical part deals with the experience and view of primary school teachers in teaching mathematics by the Hejný method. The first research survey finds from future primary school teachers their experience and opinions on this method. The second research survey focuses on the identification of problematic places and roles in the teaching of mathematics by the Hejný method from the point of view of teachers who teach mathematics using the Hejný method at the first stage of primary schools. The questionnaire survey was carried out using the questionnaire method, which identifies...
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Horkel, Jan. "Nestandardní úlohy v matematice." Master's thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-267970.
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My diploma-work wants to deal with non-standard task in math area. Theoretical part of this work wants to define the meaning of this term and summarize works and statements of contemporary experts. It want to name and divide the most important types of non-standard tasks, try find sources of them and find advantiges and difficulties of using them in teaching of math. Description of task-solving process and motivation in general are also involved. Practical part of my diploma work consists of analyse of children's solution of selected non-standard tasks and questionaires, that were given to teachers, to get a brief look into a reality of using them in teaching of math. . Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Švecová, Michaela. "Klasické úlohy řecké matematiky." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-275295.
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This diploma thesis deals with ve classical problems of ancient Greek mathematics. It is circle squaring, cube duplication, angle trisection, circle recti cation and regular polygons constructions. The proves of insolvability of these problems as well as various attempts to solve them are presented. These include, on one hand, exact techniques breaking the Euclidean constructions rules by using special tools, curves, etc., and, on the other hand, approximate methods using only compass and straightedge. Finally, several Czech contributions to the topic are mentioned.
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Růžičková, Lucie. "Užití podnětných úloh ve výuce matematiky." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-336141.
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Title: Implementation of Challenging Tasks in Mathematics Education Author: PhDr. Lucie Růžičková Department: Department of Mathematics and Mathematics Education Supervisor: RNDr. Alena Kopáčková, Ph.D. ABSTRACT The thesis deals with practical implementation of challenging tasks in mathematics education. The methodology for examining "the fidelity of implementation of mathematical tasks" is being designed to describe whether the task is used according to the original intention of the teacher or according to the intention of its author. This methodology is employed in the analysis of four experiments to examine mathematical tasks and task environments. Then, based on the experience with the analysis, the methodology is adapted to the needs of both the teaching practice and educational research. The main result of the thesis is the creation of the methodology for examining the fidelity of implementation of mathematical tasks which is based on contrasting the descriptions of four general elements of the mathematical task at different phases of its implementation. KEY WORDS: mathematics education, mathematical task, challenging task, implementation of tasks
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DOSKOČILOVÁ, Renata. "Úlohy o pohybu ve středoškolské matematice." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-50130.
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This work contains reasearch of the procedures and strategies used for mathematical problems of motion by high school students, as well as analysis of student´s problem solving. This part if followed by a compilation of problems in order to practice solving of the motion problems. This compilation is divided into several parts, while each of the parts focuses on different types of problems.
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ŠIPONOVÁ, Eliška. "Výuka matematiky na ZŠ s interaktivní tabulí - slovní úlohy." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-50092.
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The aim of the offered dissertation is an attempt to create a material for teaching how to solve mathematical word exercises at an elementary school. This document is based on theoretical knowledge. The theoretical part of the dissertation documents the evolution of the mathematics from the antiquity untill these days. Basic information necessary for the development of an interactive textbook is grounded on theoretical findings in interactive boards and word exercises that have been published recently. The educational material was created in the program Activstudio 3 for the boards of the Activboard type and practically tested with the 8th grade students at the Plesivec elementary school. The other aim of this work is to see the response and attitudes of the students toward this kind of classwork, if it can help them to better grasp the word exercises solutions and to provide the teacher a useful tool for their work with an interactive board, since to create such a groundwork for the lessons by themselves can be very demanding on their time needed for the preparation for their lessons.
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Bureš, Jiří. "Žákovská tvorba slovních úloh jako indikátor matematické kultury žáků ZŠ." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-342279.
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TITLE: Studentsʼ problem posing as an indicator of mathematical culture of lower secondary students AUTHOR: Mgr. Jiří Bureš DEPARTMENT: Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Education SUPERVISOR: Prof. RNDr. Jarmila Novotná, CSc. ABSTRACT: This thesis is focused on studentsʼ problem posing as an indicator of mathematical culture of lower secondary students. The theoretical background consists of research on problem posing, word problems in mathematics, mathematical culture and the Theory of didactical situations in mathematics. The goal of the thesis is to analyse links between problem posing and studentsʼ mathematical culture through the analysis and description of the posed problems. The thesis consists of two parts, theoretical and research part. In the theoretical part, there are the main findings about studentsʼ problem posing and some approaches to the concepts of word problems and mathematical culture, and the main concepts of the Theory of didactical situations used in the thesis. The research part starts with the analysis of the pre-experiment, which constitutes the basis for creation and characteristics of the conception of mathematical culture of problem posing. These parts are followed by the analysis of the main experiment, which provides the complete description of the posed problems...
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MAREČEK, Ondřej. "Použití Riemannova integrálu k výpočtu matematicko-fyzikálních úloh." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-46401.
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The theoretical part of the thesis includes introduction of Riemann integral and its qualities, introduction of function of more variables, introduction of double and triple Riemann integral and physical applications of integral. The practical part includes derivation of general area formulas for different shapes and volume formulas for different solids, in some examples there are shown different ways of solution. The practical part also includes the use of Riemann integral for the determination of centre of mass, of statical moments and moments of inertia of objects.
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Havlíčková, Radka. "Vliv atraktivity kontextu slovní úlohy na úspěšnost a řešení žáků." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445772.
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This thesis focuses on to word problems and elementary school pupils. Research on mathematical word problems suggests that differences in success are not only due to different levels of pupils' cognitive abilities but that their motivation plays a role, too. Therefore, in this study, I focused on the context of word problem as a potential source of situational interest, which may affect the quality of pupils' cognitive function in the short term or permanently. I used my participation in a broader quantitatively oriented research on variables influencing the difficulty of word problems and using its methodology, I investigated the influence of different types of contexts on pupils' success in solving the problems. The examined aspect of context was attractiveness - the question was whether pupils would be more successful in solving word problems with elements of fairy tale, science fiction or humour than in similar problems with the same structure but with a neutral context. Pupils of the 3rd to 6th grades of primary school (n = 2 092) were divided into two groups of a comparable ability and each was presented with one of the variants - attractive or neutral. To evaluate the results quantitatively, the Item Response Theory was used allowed us to determine the difficulty of the problem depending on...
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KOTLASOVÁ, Michala. "Environmentální výchova ve výuce matematiky." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-55169.
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This diploma work is focused on the introduction of environmental topics in teaching mathematics at the secondary schools including grammar schools. The thesis are a response to the lack of those topics in teaching at the secondary schools, which are not specified for physical sciences and timeliness of environmental problems in our community as a whole. The diploma work content are solved mathematical problems with methodological notes for math teachers. Logic interface of environmental problems with students knowledge of biology and geography for the relevant grade is the major effort of the thesis. Annexes contain worksheets for students. The aim of this diploma work is to inspire math teachers at the secondary schools to engage these problems or the environmental problems of their own in teaching.
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Michal, Jakub. "Řešení optimalizačních úloh na 2 a 3. stupni školy." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446237.
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The goal of this diploma thesis is to gather and describe ways the optimisation problems had been solved before the calculus was invented. Some of the methods identified through history are generalised and these which could be utilised at secondary or primary school education are described more in depth. Thesis descri- bes the method, where educator follows historical development of the problem in classroom and what benefits it might bring, as well. There is a section dedicated to evaluation of experiment which goal was to investigate understanding of pupils to certain concepts in the field of optimisation, mainly concerning isoperimetric problem. It was also focused on the pupils fe- edback to different approaches of optimisation problem solving. 1
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JÁCHIMOVÁ, Blanka. "Interaktivní výuka matematiky v 7. třídě ZŠ." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-136564.
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This thesis deals with implementation of computer technologies to teaching practice of mathematics in the 7th year of elementary school. The thesis is divided into two parts ? a theory and an application. The theory includes the most important knowledge of interactive teaching divided into teaching with interactive whiteboard and computer assisted learning. It also discusses approaches to teaching mathematics as an important part of education and connecting problem solving into education. The application includes worksheets that introduce the usage of interactive issues in education and description of a trial performed in the 7th class of elementary school. The aim of the trial was to find out the influence of interactive education to dealing with mathematical problem solving
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VÁVRA, Lukáš. "Sbírka úloh pro seminář Zájmová matematika v angličtině." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-42939.
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Marek, Anna. "Matematická soutěž Pangea ve 4. ročníku 1. st. ZŠ - analýza řešení." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382819.
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NAME: The Pangea Mathematical Competition in the 4th year of the 1st degree of Elementary school. Solution analysis. AUTHOR: Anna Marek DEPARTMENT: Department of Mathematics and Didactics of Mathematics LEADING OF TASK: PhDr. Michaela Kaslová ABSTRACT: This diploma thesis deals with the problems of mathematical competitions in the Czech Republic. Mathematical competitions are structured according to pre-selected criteria. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the data obtained from mathematical competitions for elementary schools, it is possible to create a coherent picture of the current situation. With this context, the author advovates a relatively young Pangea mathematical competition. The main objective is to analyze data from the Pangea competition. Particular attention is paid to the tasks for the 4th year of the Pangea Primary School from the school round in the school year 2016/2017. The data obtained from 7 864 solverrs are analyzed both from the point of view of individual tasks and from the point of view of specific phenomena. Based on the data analysis, attention is paid to pupils' responses - the procedures for solving the individual tasks developed by 60 pupils of the 4th year of the 1st degree of non-selected schools. The work presents a number of new findings. All analyzes can be used...
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Marek, Anna. "Matematická soutěž Pangea ve 4. ročníku 1. st. ZŠ - analýza řešení." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382914.
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Matematická soutěž Pangea ve 4. ročníku 1. st. ZŠ - analýza řešení AUTOR: Anna Marek KATEDRA: Katedra matematiky a didaktiky matematiky VEDOUCÍ PRÁCE: PhDr. Michaela Kaslová ABSTRAKT: Předložená diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou matematických soutěží v České republice. Matematické soutěže jsou charakterizovány strukturovaně dle předem zvolených kritérií. Na základě srovnávací analýzy získaných dat z matematických soutěží pro základní školy je možné si vytvořit ucelenou představu o součastné situaci. Do tohoto kontextu autorka zasazuje relativně mladou matematickou soutěž Pangea. Hlavním cílem je analyzovat data ze soutěže Pangea. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována úlohám pro 4. ročník základní školy soutěže Pangea ze školního kola ve školním roce 2016/2017. Data získaná od 7 864 řešitelů jsou analyzována jak z pohledu jednotlivých úloh, tak z pohledu specifických jevů. Nový pohled přináší pozorování analýzy řešených úloh s analýzou dotazníků, které byly zadány 150 žákům 4. ročníků ze tří základních škol. Práce prezentuje řadu nových poznatků. Všech analýz lze využít jak při přípravě budoucích učitelů, tak při tvorbě úloh, tak v učitelské praxi při hodnocení a podpoře matematických soutěží. NAME: The Pangea Mathematical Competition in the 4th year of the 1st degree of Elementary school. Solution analysis...
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Čmejrková, Kamila. "Žákovská komunikace při skupinovém řešení problémových úloh v matematice." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-283422.
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Cooperative group work presents further tasks for students in addition to solving the assigned problems themselves. The students are forced to formulate their suggestions and approaches and defend, substantiate and explain them to their partners more than when they are working independently. When working cooperatively, the students create and reconstruct their relationships to one another. Cooperation in a group can give the students room to acquire new skills not only in the area of mathematics, but also in the area of interpersonal communication and social relationships. The aim of this thesis is to identify features which are characteristic for communication in the cooperative solving of problems and to determine whether communication in the group influences the process of problemsolving, and if so, how. The basis for the analysis was a corpus of transcripts of conversations between students which took place as part of an experiment. In this experiment, elementary school students of homogeneous ability between the ages of 13 and 15 worked on solving logic problems in small groups. The students' task was to solve an assigned set of problems and to explain their ideas and approaches to each other in such a way that every member of the group could understand the process leading to the achieved solution. In...
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Škutová, Markéta. "Osobnost žáka a řešení úloh školské matematiky heuristickými strategiemi." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-406269.
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Title: Pupil's personality and solving problems of school Mathematics by heuristic strategies Author: Mgr. Markéta Škutová Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Jarmila Novotná, CSc This thesis deals with the relationship between the type of pupil's personality in the dimension of information reception and their ways of solving problems of school Mathematics with the use of heuristic strategies at the lower secondary education of basic school and in the corresponding years of grammar schools. The theoretical part summarizes the knowledge of heuristic strategies in the teaching of mathematics at the lower secondary education of basic school and their application on examples. Furthermore, the theoretical basis of type theory and its use in education is explained. In the practical part the results of the typological questionnaire are presented and an extensive qualitative analysis of the student's problem solving is offered. The resulting findings are supported by concrete examples of students' solutions. In this diploma thesis, there is evidence that the intuitive pupils use the heuristic strategies of problem solving more often than the sensory pupils and are more successful in solving non-traditional tasks. Keywords: heuristic strategies, MBTI, type theory, problem solving
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Adam, Lukáš. "Hierarchické úlohy s evolučními ekvilibriálními omezeními." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-352273.
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Title: Hierarchical Problems with Evolutionary Equilibrium Constraints Author: Lukáš Adam Supervisor: Prof. Jiří Outrata Abstract: In the presented thesis, we are interested in hierarchical models with evolutionary equilibrium constraints. Such models arise naturally when a time-dependent problem is to be controlled or if parameters in such a model are to be identified. We intend to discretize the problem and solve it on the basis of the so-called implicit programming approach. This technique requires knowledge of a generalized derivative of the solution mapping which assigns the state variable to the control variable/parameter. The computation of this generalized derivative amounts equivalently to the computation of (limiting) normal cone to the graph of the solution mapping. In the first part we summarize known techniques for computation of the normal cone to the set which can be represented as a finite union of convex polyhedra. Then we propose a new approach based on the so-called normally admissible stratification and simplify the obtained formulas for the case of time-dependent problems. The theoretical results are then applied first to deriving a criterion for the sensitivity analysis of the solution mapping and then to the solution of two practically motivated problems. The first one concerns optimal...
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ČÁSTKA, Zdeněk. "Jihočeský korespondenční matematický seminář 1996 - 1999." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-45588.
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This dissertation includes solved problems of the 17th - 19th year of the South Bohemia correspondence mathematical competition (1996-1999). These tasks can be used as material for next work with similar types of exercises. They are suitable especially for students at secondary schools.
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ŠTĚRBOVÁ, Kateřina. "Jihočeský korespondenční matematický seminář 1993 - 1996." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-45590.
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This thesis contains solved problems from South Bohemia correspondence mathematical competition from Years 1993 -- 1996, which can be used as a material for another work with similar types of problems. They are useful especially for intermediate school students.
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CIGLBAUEROVÁ, Veronika. "Obsahy rovinných útvarů ve školské matematice." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-55170.
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This diploma thesis focuses on Elementary and High School students´ understanding of areas of plane figures as well as on what strategies they use to solve these tasks. The thesis is devided in two parts. The methodical part which can be used for teaching purposes. Task compilation for further practice and knowledge improvement.
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VELC, Radovan. "Analýza řešení úloh 2. kola 56. ročníku MO v Jihočeském kraji." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-51454.
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The purpose of this thesis is the analysis of the 2nd round of the mathematical olympiad, including the statistics of the success rate of the students in particular problems, analysis of their procedures and error analysis. This thesis should serve as a survey of the problems of 56th year of MO and as a study text for the mathematical olympiad participants.
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BABÁKOVÁ, Veronika. "Sbírka nestandardních typů úloh pro výuku matematiky na 1. stupni ZŠ." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-46884.
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The main purpose of this work is creation a helpful material for teachers at elementary school, where they could find the parting of the special tasks with an inspiration for math education in accordance with National school curriculum. The whole graduation theses is devided into three main parts. The first part is theoretical and contains the main ideas od National school curriculum, math textbook analyse and a part of mathematical competitions. The second part is special tasks classification with display of some pupils´solutions. The last part of the graduation theses is a textbook of special tasks.
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Sigmundová, Alena. "Čtení s porozuměním jako předpoklad úspěšné strategie řešení slovních úloh v matematice." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-408501.
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Reading comprehension as a prerequisite for successful strategy of word problems solving in mathematics DISSERTATION Mgr. Alena Sigmundová ABSTRACT The dissertation describes the results of an interdisciplinary research study examining the linguistic aspects of word problems in mathematics and the connection between comprehension of the text of word problems and the success of their solution. In the introduction the research is set into the framework of theoretical bases: the term word problem in mathematics and the concept of reading comprehension, including factors influencing the understanding of the text are characterized and the results of previous research studies are described. Subsequently the work presents a methodology, course and results of testing of pupils in three pilot studies and in the main survey and the conclusions from the semi-structured interviews. The research is based on the linguistic analysis of 18 word problems with low solution success, taken from international research surveys PISA 2012 and TIMSS 2007, as well as on the level of comprehension of the text of these tasks in the 8th and 9th grade primary schools, modifying selected language phenomena and detecting the effect of these reformulations. 773 pupils from 13 elementary schools participated in the research. The study...
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Jansová, Klára. "Vliv jazyka a reálií na řešení matematických úloh. Matematika v německém jazyce." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-271153.
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Diplomová práce se zabývá výukou matematiky v němčině, konkrétně vlivem jazyka a reálií na řešení matematických úloh. Práce je rozdělena do dvou částí - teoretické a praktické. V první části jsou shrnuty teoretické předpoklady a východiska z oblasti psychického vývoje myšlení, výuky cizího jazyka, výuky v cizím jazyce a srovnání českého a německého jazyka. Druhá část popisuje výzkum, který se zaměřuje na prokázání nebo popření vlivu jazyka a reálií na úspěšnost řešení žáků dvou českých a jedné německé školy. Základem pro analýzu výzkumu je porovnání řešení úloh zadaných v mateřském a cizím jazyce.
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Moraová, Hana. "Nematematický svět učebnic matematiky pro 6. ročník základních škol a v oblasti finanční matematiky." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392434.
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The aim of the dissertation thesis is to study the non-mathematical content of textbooks of mathematics. Textbooks of mathematics are not only a pedagogical document but also a cultural artefact that is produces in a particular society with its own cultural norms. While working with a textbook of mathematics, pupils come across many images of everyday life. Yet, since the main goal of a mathematics textbook is to help pupils gain knowledge and skills in mathematics, not much attention is paid to textual (non-mathematical, cultural) content. This means that pupils almost on everyday basis visit a world that tries to awaken the illusion of being "real", of being model of reality but in fact is a model for what is perceived as normal. The question asked in the presented research is what images of everyday life pupils come across while working with Czech textbooks of mathematics and whether there are differences among textbooks by different authors in this respect. Within the frame of this research, five sets of textbooks for 6th grade of lower secondary schools and four textbooks for 9th grade (only the chapter on financial mathematics, an area closely connected to everyday life) were analysed with respect to their non-mathematical, cultural content. The method used in the research comes out of the...
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MÁCHA, Pavel. "Užití počítačů ve výuce matematiky na základní škole." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-54903.
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This work thesis is dealing with interactive geometry software GeoGebra. Several use cases for educational purposes in elementary schools are proposed and described in detail. This work is mainly focused on construction of triangles, trigonometric functions, systems of equations and tasks related to motion and presentation of cube. Each example is followed by an application created in GeoGebra. With these GeoGebra applications you can easily change parameters with sliders and therefore further work is possible. This thesis provides step-by-step guide how to create each example which is helpful for both teachers and their pupils. Attached CD contains all discussed examples which can be directly used by teachers in elementary schools to support a classwork during math lectures. In the final part of this thesis advantages and drawbacks of dynamic geometry are proposed and short comparison of GeoGebra and Cabri programs is suggested.
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Lundáková, Naďa. "Finanční matematika na základní škole." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-340967.
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This thesis Financial Mathematics at lower secondary level focuses on financial mathematics at lower secondary level. The first part consists of two chapters. The first chapter describes financial mathematics and its importance for financial literacy. The second chapter presents research of textbooks in which there is the financial mathematics topic. The second part of the thesis describes pedagogical experiment aimed to determine how a selected group of pupils cope the tasks and problems from financial mathematics. The tasks and problems in this section were posed by the author of the thesis. The evaluation of the experiment is based on students' work samples. The last chapter describes teaching of financial mathematics in two classes at lower secondary level.
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CÍSAŘOVÁ, Veronika. "Matematická příprava žáků 1. stupně NŠ pro vstup na víceletá gymnázia." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-44576.
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The theoretical part of this Diploma Thesis covers the subject matter of the 5th grade primary level pupils. This subject matter is further on divided into several chapters with some standard exercises included. The practical part contains an exercise book which is addressed to 5th grade primary level pupils. This part basically shows some mathematical exercises to which are pupils exposed when sitting for an entrance exam at grammar school. As for the next part of this Diploma Thesis there is the research which deals with testing some of those mathematical exercises in practice.
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TAFLÍŘOVÁ, Iva. "Schémata pro řešení složených slovních úloh v matematice na prvním stupni základního vzdělávání." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113390.
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Melcer, Martin. "Finanční matematika v českých učebnicích od Marchetovy reformy." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-326952.
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Title: Financial Mathematics in Czech textbooks from the Marchet's Reform Author: Martin Melcer Department: Department of Mathematics Education Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Martina Bečvářová, Ph.D. Abstract: The PhD thesis presents a comprehensive view of the development and the position of financial mathematics in Czech textbooks and collections particularly those used in high schools with consideration of the political situation in our country. The analysed period from 1908, i.e. from the Marchet's Reform, to the present is divided into five principal stages. In each stage textbooks covering financial mathematics instruction in all types of secondary schools are chosen. This shows the level and extent of the presentation, the complexity of the given tasks and problems and the way in which they are integrated into the textbooks or the syllabus, more precisely. At first the basic general characteristics of the textbooks are presented followed by a detailed description of partial topics of study which are then analysed thoroughly and mutually compared. The conclusions of the PhD thesis reflect the current situation of financial mathematics instruction and offer ways leading to the improvement in the level of financial literacy of our citizens. Keywords: financial mathematics, principal, interest, debt, annuity,...
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Vodrážková, Lucie. "Slovní úlohy o penězích ve 2. ročníku ZŠ." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-411799.
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The principal objective of this thesis is the comprehension of students' mental processes while solving verbal math problems about money. There searchis focused on pupils in the first stage of primary school and in particular verbal math problems, in which nominal value of coins, quantity of coins and their total particular verbal math problems, in which nominal value of coins, quantity of coins and their total sum play a key role. There fore, the objective of this diploma thesis is to lay out classify mony-related exprecises in thee currently used lies of elementary school mathematics text books for grade. The theoretical part consist of demarcation of early school age, a certain number of fanticipate dacts by RVP ZV for the first and second educational period, numeracy, literacy, verbal math problems, various strategies on how to solve such problems, basic is sues pipils encounter whilw solving those problems, coments on the topic of verbal math problems which appear in theree volume soft text books in tended for primary schools (Prodos, Taktic, H-mat). Their division into three types (a total sum of coins, nominal value of coins and number of coins) and their mutual comparision. The goal of the practial part is to analyse thought processes of and grade pupils when solving word problems about...