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Jin, Yoonhee. "Energetics and mechanism of multidrug transport by the MATE transporter NorM from Vibrio cholerae." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648473.
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Pengelly, Jasper John Lobl Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Molecular characterisation of membrane transporters associated with saxitoxin biosynthesis in cyanobacteria." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41429.
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The release of the neurotoxic alkaloid saxitoxin by cyanobacterial cells was previously thought to occur primarily after cell lysis, yet recent evidence also suggests active toxin export by membrane transporters. Transporter proteins associated with STX biosynthesis in Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii T3 (sxtF and sxtM) and Anabaena circinalis 131C (naDt) were predicted to be involved in the export of STX from cyanobacterial cells. The main aim of this project was to characterise the transporters associated with STX biosynthesis, by investigation of their genetic prevalence, functional substrates and specific regulation. An sxtM homologue was discovered in A. circinalis 131C, as part of an sxt cluster, and found to be uniquely associated with STX-producing strains. Bioinformatic and phylogenetic analysis showed that the translated sxt transporters clustered with the NorM prokaryotic MATE sub-family and membrane topology analysis predicted 12 membrane-spanning regions. To characterise the functional substrates of the putative STX-transporters, they were heterologously expressed in the antibiotic-sensitive E. coli strain KAM32. Expression of the sxt MATES complemented host sensitivity to the cationic fluroquinolone antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Disruption of gene homologues of naDt and the sxt MATE genes in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 yielded mutant strains with increased sensitivity to the toxic organic cations, methyl viologen and acriflavine. Transcription of the putative STX transporters, and the putative STX biosynthesis gene sxtA, was studied in C. raciborskii T3 and A. circinalis 131C under alkali and Na+ stress. Alkali stress (pH 9) decreased total STX levels in A. circinalis 131C and was correlated with a down-regulation of the putative transport and biosynthetic genes. In C. raciborskii T3, alkali stress promoted higher extracellular but lower intracellular STX levels, which also correlated with large increases in transcription of the putative STX transport genes.
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Zakrzewska, Sandra [Verfasser], Hartmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Michel, Klaas Martinus [Gutachter] Pos, and Hartmut [Gutachter] Michel. "Structural and functional characterization of a MATE family multidrug resistance transporter from "Pyrococcus furiosus" / Sandra Zakrzewska ; Gutachter: Klaas Martinus Pos, Hartmut Michel ; Betreuer: Hartmut Michel." Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1208033042/34.
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Chedik, Lisa. "Nature et conséquences des interactions entre transporteurs membranaires et pesticides." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B035/document.
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Les pyréthrinoïdes et les organophosphorés sont des pesticides très utilisés, à l’origine d’une imprégnation forte de la population, exposée à ces contaminants principalement via l’alimentation. De plus en plus d’études scientifiques suggèrent des liens entre l’exposition à ces composés et des maladies chroniques ou des troubles du développement de l’enfant. Paradoxalement, leur devenir biologique chez l’homme est mal connu. Certaines études suggèrent que ces insecticides sont susceptibles d’intéragir avec les transporteurs membranaires ABC et SLC, protéines localisées au niveau d’interfaces hémato-tissulaires qui prennent en charge de nombreux substrats endogènes, médicaments et contaminants de l’environnement. L’objectif de notre étude a été de caractériser les effets d’insecticides des familles des pyréthrinoïdes et des organophosphorés sur l’activité de nombreux transporteurs ABC et SLC prenant en charge des médicaments (P-gp, BCRP, MRPs, OATP-1B1,-2B1,-1B3, OCT1-3, OAT1, OAT3, MATE1 et MATE2K) par une approche in vitro. Nous nous sommes également attachés à caractériser par des expérimentations in vitro et in silico, les mécanismes des interactions et les éléments structuraux des pesticides à l’origine de ces effets. Nous avons montré que de nombreux organophosphorés et pyréthrinoïdes étaient capables d’inhiber des transporteurs d’efflux (MRP, BCRP, P-gp) et d’influx (OATP1B1, OAT3, MATE1, OCT1-2) et de stimuler l’activité de certains OATPs. Les pesticides testés inhibaient très fortement l’activité des transporteurs de cations (OCT1 et OCT2) et ont pu bloquer le transport de catécholamines médiés par ces protéines. Une approche qSAR a permis de définir des paramètres physicochimiques associés aux effets modulateurs des pesticides et une approche d’amarrage moléculaire (docking) a mise en évidence les sites de liaisons de la P-gp impliquées dans ces interactions. Les conséquences des modulations de l’activité des transporteurs, en termes d’effets toxiques et d’interactions médicamenteuses, restent à définir pour les populations exposées à de fortes doses de pesticides. Toutefois, la contribution des interactions observées aux effets toxiques de ces insecticides est peu probable car nécessitant des concentrations nettement supérieures à celles atteintes dans le cadre d’une exposition environnementale de la population généraleThe general population is chronically exposed to pyrethroids and organophosphorus insecticides, mainly through alimentation. Several epidemiological studies have found an association between non-occupational exposure to these pesticides and chronic diseases and developmental disorders. Paradoxically, their biological fate in humans is poorly understood. Some studies suggest that these insecticides could interact with ABC and SLC membrane transporters. These membrane proteins, located at blood-tissue interfaces (liver, kidney, intestine ...), handle many endogenous substrates, drugs and pollutants. The objective of our study was to characterize, using an in vitro approach, the effects of pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides on the activity of numerous ABC and SLC human drug-transporters (P-gp, BCRP, MRPs, OATP-1B1, -2B1, -1B3, OCT1-3, OAT1, OAT3, MATE1 and MATE2K). We have also tried to analyze the mechanisms of interactions and the structural requirements for insecticides-mediated modulation of drug transporters activities using in vitro and in silico approach. We have shown that many organophosphorus and pyrethroids are able to inhibit ABC (MRP, BCRP, P-gp) and SLC (OATP1B1, OAT3, MATE1, OCT1-2) transporters and can stimulate the activity of some OATPs. Moreover, the tested pesticides inhibited very strongly the activity of OCT1 and OCT2 and blocked catecholamine transport mediated by these transporters. A qSAR approach allowed to define physicochemical parameters associated with the modulating effects of pesticides and a molecular docking approach revealed the P-gp binding sites involved in these interactions. The consequences of transporter activitie modulation, in terms of toxic effects and drug interactions, remain to be defined for populations exposed to high doses of pesticides, occurring notably in response to poisoning. However the alterations of these transporter activities by insecticides are unlikely to contribute to organophosphorus or pyrethroids toxicities of chronic low-dose exposure
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Raturi, Sagar. "Energetics and structural aspects of cation-coupled drug transport by NorM multidrug transporters." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284914.
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NorM multidrug transport proteins belong to the multiple antibiotics and toxins extrusion (MATE) family of secondary active transporters. Members of this family are present across all species including bacteria, plants and humans. In bacteria, their over-expression can lead to antibiotic resistance, whereas in the human body, the transporters can alter the plasma levels of drugs. NorM proteins are therefore relevant for the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. Previously, NorM from Vibrio cholerae (NorM-VC) was shown to export drug (ethidium) in an antiport reaction that is coupled to the simultaneous uptake of protons and sodium ions down their electrochemical gradients across the plasma membrane. But NorM from Pseudomonas stutzeri (NorM-PS) was shown to transport DAPI by utilising proton cycling exclusively. NorM-VC and NorM-PS share 42% identical amino-acid residues and yet their functions differ in terms of their ion coupling properties. These differences in functionality of two highly homologous proteins provide an excellent opportunity to carry out a comparative study. The work presented in this thesis investigates the energetics of drug transport processes by NorM-VC and NorM-PS and the structural basis for ion-coupled drug transport by NorM-VC. Ethidium efflux assays in intact Lactococcus lactis cells were used to study the effect of the magnitude and composition of the proton- and sodium-motive force on transport activity. Furthermore, ethidium binding assays were used to study partial reactions in drug efflux processes. These biochemical data were supplemented by computational studies and analyses of current protein structures. Based on the observations detailed here, a novel transport model for NorM-VC is proposed, which explains published findings for NorM-VC and other MATE transporters. The model represents a potentially universal mechanism for MATE transporters that can be used to predict further structure-function relationships in this important family of member transporters.
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Hoang, Thi Thanh Minh. "Caractérisation moléculaire du transport du fer dans la graine : clonage de transporteurs d'efflux d'ascorbate." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NSAM0034.
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Le fer (Fe) est un micro-élément essentiel pour les plantes. Nous avons récemment montré que l'ascorbate joue un rôle central dans le transport de Fe dans lesgrainesen participant à la réduction de Fe3+ pour l'absorption de Fe2+. En outre, l'activité de l'efflux d’ascorbate à la surface de l'embryon est cruciale dans ce processus. Nous avons utilisé une stratégie de complémentation de levure pour isoler les transporteurs d'efflux d’ascorbate, en exprimant une banqued'ADNc d'Arabidopsis dans le mutant perte de fonction de la réductase ferrique, Δfre1, incapable de se développer en carence en Fe. L’expression de deux ADNc nommésMATEet GALa permis de restaurerla croissance de Δfre1 en catalysant l’efflux de l'ascorbate dans le milieu, permettant de rétablir l'activité de réduction ferrique. Sur la base de ces résultats très prometteurs, nous avons poursuivi l’étude du rôle de ces transporteurs d'efflux d’ascorbate putatifs, MATE et GAL, dans le transport et l'homéostasie du Fe chez Arabidopsis thaliana. Dans cette étude, nous avons identifié la protéine MATE comme un transporteur vacuolaire qui est potentiellement impliqués dans le chargement d’ascorbate vers la vacuole pour réduire le Feintra-vacuolaire. Cette activité de transport est cruciale pour la remobilisation de Fe au cours de la germination et pour répondre à la carence de Fe dans le reste de la plante. La protéine GAL est localisée à la membrane plasmique où elle pourrait catalyser l’efflux d’ascorbate pour remobiliser le pool de Fe apoplastique. En effet, des mutants perte de fonction de GAL sont très sensibles à la carence en fer et perturbés dans la perception du statut nutritionnel en Fe dans des conditions de suffisance en Fe. En conclusion, les deux transporteurs d'ascorbate putatifs identifiés dans cette étude semblent être impliqués dans l'homéostasie du fer en régulant la circulation des pools de Fe subcellulaires. Cette recherche a contribué à découvrir et à mettre en évidence le lien entre le transport de fer et le métabolisme de l’ascorbateIron (Fe) is an essential microelement for plants. We have recently shown that ascorbate plays a central role in Fe transport to seeds by mediating Fe3+ reduction for the uptake of Fe2+. Moreover, the ascorbate efflux activity at the embryo surface was crucial in this process. We have used a yeast complementation strategy to isolate ascorbate efflux transporters, by expressing an Arabidopsis cDNA library in the Δfre1 mutant that lacks ferric reductase activity and is unable to grow in Fe limiting conditions. The expression of two cDNAs named MATE and GAL is able to rescue the growth defect of Δfre1by mediating efflux of ascorbate in the medium, reconstituting a ferric reduction activity. Therefore, we have studied the roles of putative ascorbate efflux transporters, MATE and GAL, in Fe transport and homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we have identified the MATE protein as a vacuolar transporter potentially involved in loading ascorbate to the vacuole to reduce intra-vacuolar Fe. This transport activity appears to be crucial to remobilize Fe during germination and to participate in the response to Fe deficiency in the rest of the plant, as revealed by the phenotypical analyses of knock out mutant plants. The GAL protein is localized to the plasma membrane where it could potentially catalyze the efflux of ascorbate toward the apoplast to remobilize apoplastic Fe pools. Indeed, GAL knock out mutants are highly sensitive to Fe deficiency and disturbed in the sensing of Fe nutritional status in Fe-replete conditions. In conclusion, the two putative ascorbate transporters identified in this study appear to be involved inthe iron homeostasis by regulating the movement of subcellular Fe pools. This research has contributed to discover and highlight the link between iron and ascorbate metabolism and transport
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Afonso, José Leonardo Marcelo. "Potenciais impactos socioeconômicos e ambientais na ativação de trem turístico na Zona da Mata Mineira." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2017. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4667.
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Segundo o Ministério do Turismo (2013), dentre os diversos tipos de turismo existentes no Brasil, muitos estão ligados diretamente à cultura do transporte ferroviário, utilizando o trem como meio de locomoção entre localidades e, também, como herança cultural. A preservação do transporte ferroviário de passageiros ocasiona ainda em ações para a revitalização de espaços e edificações históricas pois ambas se conectam em prol do resgate da memória passada, nos fazendo observar o presente e ajudando a planejar o futuro. Considerando a hipótese da ativação de uma linha férrea em uma determinada região, devemos prever quais os possíveis impactos que serão causados para garantir um desenvolvimento regional equilibrado, guiados pelas diretrizes básicas da sustentabilidade. A proposta deste trabalho visualiza a possibilidade de se implantar um trem turístico na região da Zona da Mata Mineira, na microrregião de Juiz de Fora, compreendendo as características socioeconômicas dos munícipios envolvidos na ativação de uma possível nova linha férrea. Prevê, ainda, os potenciais impactos socioeconômicos e ambientais na região, criando uma outra hipótese do quão multimodal uma estrutura ferroviária poderá se desenvolver a longo prazo. Através de uma revisão bibliográfica voltada para o setor ferroviário no Brasil, elucida-se o panorama atual das ferrovias no país bem como os atuais trens turísticos operantes. Em um segundo momento da pesquisa, o levantamento de dados socioeconômicos dos municípios envolvidos no recorte espacial da pesquisa e de que forma a cultura ferroviária atualmente se faz presente neles, ajudam a sugerir a rota do novo trem baseada, também, em conceitos urbanísticos aplicados, para que se consiga visualizar os possíveis impactos que podem ser causados na região.
According to the Ministry of Tourism (2013), among the various types of tourism in Brazil, many are directly linked to the culture of rail transportation, using the train as a means of locomotion between localities and also as cultural heritage. The preservation of rail transport also leads to actions for the revitalization of historical spaces and buildings because both connect in favor of the rescue of past memory, making us observe the present and helping to plan the future. Considering the hypothesis of the activation of a railway line in a given region, we must predict what possible impacts will be caused to ensure a balanced regional development, guided by the basic sustainability guidelines. This work intends to visualize the possibility of establishing a tourist train in the region of Zona da Mata Mineira, in the Juiz de Fora microregion, comprising the socioeconomic characteristics of the towns involved in the activation of a possible new railway line. It also foresees the potential socioeconomic and environmental impacts in the region, creating another hypothesis of how multimodal a railway structure could develop in the long term. Through a bibliographical review focused on the railroad sector in Brazil, the current panorama of the railways in the country as well as the current operant tourist trains are elucidated. In a second moment of the research, the socioeconomic data collection of the cities involved in the spatial analysis of the research and how the railway culture is currently present in them, help to suggest the route of the new train based, also, on urbanistic concepts applied, to be able to visualize the possible impacts that can be caused in the region.
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Negreiros, Rísia Lopes. "Caracterização e análise da rede de movimento de bovinos no Estado de Mato Grosso." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-12062012-144132/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os dados de movimentação de bovinos, gerando informações úteis à vigilância epidemiológica do Estado de Mato Grosso. Analisou-se, para 2007, a distribuição de rebanhos nas propriedades, a movimentação por ecossistema de origem e destino, por finalidade (engorda, abate ou reprodução), e por época do ano. Observou-se que 81,54% do rebanho está concentrados em 20% das propriedades, indicando a existência de poucas propriedades com intensa comercialização para abate, engorda ou reprodução e muitas propriedades com pouca comercialização. Das 72.149 propriedades (de um total de 112.924) que realizaram algum tipo de movimentação, 65.773 movimentaram bovinos. A maioria das movimentações ocorreu internamente em cada ecossistema (Pantanal, Cerrado e Amazônia). O Pantanal recebeu o menor número de bovinos (4,98% dos animais recebidos, incluindo movimentação interna) e o Cerrado foi o que mais recebeu bovinos provenientes dos outros ecossistemas e o que enviou o menor número de bovinos (318.253, 25,79% do total de bovinos enviados a outro ecossistema). Observou-se uma redução do movimento em maio e novembro (vacinação contra febre aftosa), janeiro e fevereiro (férias dos frigoríficos e estação chuvosa) e setembro (manejo de natalidade, ausência da safra do boi gordo e desmama de bezerros). O percentual de movimentação interestadual foi de 2,65% dos animais movimentados, predominando as movimentações intraestaduais. Na análise de 539.526 documentos em 76.277 estabelecimentos calculou-se o grau de comercialização entre os estabelecimentos, para o semigrau interior a média e mediana foram (1 e 3) e para o semigrau exterior(2 e 3) respectivamente. As distâncias médias para movimentação de bovinos provenientes das propriedades da fronteira internacional e daquelas sabidamente positivas para brucelose foram 73,75 e 60,43 km respectivamente. Distâncias médias para movimentos destinados a frigoríficos, propriedades e eventos agropecuários foram inferiores a 116,70 km mostrando movimentação proveniente do próprio Estado. Em redes com características livre de escala supõe-se que a distribuição de grau P(k) pode ser ajustada pela lei de potência, no entanto observou-se que alguns estabelecimentos não seguiram o previsto para redes livre de escala. O ajuste de P(kin) mostrou que estabelecimentos que compraram maior quantidade de bovinos ultrapassaram o esperado pela lei de potência, o que pode estar relacionado ao comportamento de compra por frigoríficos e confinamentos. Para o ajuste de P(kout), a proporção de propriedades que venderam para muitos estabelecimentos (por exemplo, próximo a 100 estabelecimentos) está abaixo do previsto pela lei de potência, como também aquelas que venderam para menos de 10 outros estabelecimentos. As propriedades de subsistência, que movimentam poucos animais, influenciaram os valores de P(kin) e de P(kout) para valores baixos de kin e kout, respectivamente. Observou-se uma correção negativa (r= -0,54) entre o grau médio dos primeiros vizinhos e o grau do estabelecimento mostrando que estabelecimentos com grau elevado (volume elevado de compra e/ou venda) comercializam com estabelecimentos cujo grau é em média baixo (volume baixo de compra e/ou venda) e vice-versa. Essa característica da rede de movimentação de bovinos pode ter implicações no espalhamento de doenças infecciosas nos rebanhos, em função do contato entre grandes e pequenos estabelecimentos.This study has as objective to analyze the movement data of bovine, generating useful information for epidemiologic surveillance for Mato Grosso State. It was analyzed, for 2007, the herds distribution in the farm holdings, the movement according to origin and destination ecosystem, for purpose (fattens, slaughters or reproduction), and for year\'s time. It was observed that 81.54% of the herd was concentrated on 20% of the farm holdings, indicating the existence of few farm holdings with intense commercialization for slaughters, fattens or reproduction and many farm holdings with little commercialization. Of the 72.149 farm holdings (of a total of 112.924) that accomplished some type of movement, 65.773 moved bovine. Most movements occurred internally in each ecosystem (Pantanal, Cerrado and Amazônico). The Pantanal received the smaller number of bovine (4,98% of the received animals, including internal movement) and the Cerrado received most bovine from of the other ecosystems and sent the smaller number of bovine (318.253, 25.79% of the bovine sent to other ecosystem). It was observed a decrease in movement in May and November (vaccination against Foot and Mouth Disease), January and February (slaughterhouse vacation and rainy station) and September (birth rate handling, absence of cattle for slaughterhouse and weaning calves). The percentage of interstate movement was 2.65% of the animals moved, predominating the movements within the state This factor associated to the difficulty of maintaining updated records in complex territory motivated of the characterization of cattle network making available to the defense\'s service and epidemiological vigilance a tool that makes possible retrospective and prospectively the measures application adapted in specific situations. In the analysis of 539.526 documents in 76.277 establishments it calculated the commercialization degree between establishments. For indegree the average and median were (1 and 3) and for outdegree (2 and 3) respectively. Average distances for bovine movement with origin in the farms holdings of the international border and the farms holdings known positive for brucellosis were 73.75 and 60.43 km respectively. Average distances from farm holdings to slaughter establishments, farms holdings and agricultural events were lower than 116.70 km showing movement originating within the state. In scale-free networks, the degree distribution P(k) it can be fitted by the power law, however some establishments do not follow the foreseen for networks free-scale. The fitting of P(kin) showed that establishments that buy larger quantity of bovine overtake what is expected for power law, what can be related to purchase behavior for slaughter establishments and confinements. For the fitting of P(kout), the proportion of the farms holdings that sell for lots of establishments (for example, near to 100 establishments) is below the expected by the power law, as well as those that sell for less than 10 other establishments. The subsistence farms holdings, that move few animals, influence the values of P(kin) and of P(kout) for low values of kin and kout, respectively. A negative correlation (r= -0.54) was observed between the average degree of nearest neighbors and the degree of establishments, showing that establishments with high degree of purchase and/or sells, commercialize with establishments whose degree is, on average, low (low quantity of purchase and/or sells) and vice versa. This characteristic of the network of bovine movement may have implications in the spread of infectious diseases within the herds, depending on the contact between big and small establishments.
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Alasmari, Fawaz Fayez. "Effects of Beta-Lactam Antibiotics on Cystine /Glutamate Exchanger Transporter and Glutamate Transporter 1 Isoforms as well as Ethanol Drinking Behavior in Male P Rats." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1435826676.
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Oliveira, Nilton Marques de. "Transporte e localização da agroindústria da soja no estado de Mato Grosso." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2003. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/8999.
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O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi identificar e analisar as rodovias na alocação modal ótima que minimizem os custos de transportes entre as áreas de produção à agroindústria e determinar a localização ótima de novas agroindústrias no Estado de Mato Grosso. O modelo teórico proposto foi baseado a partir da teoria de localização da produção agrícola de Von THÜNEN e da teoria de localização de atividades industriais desenvolvida por WEBER. Utilizou-se como instrumento analítico um modelo de redes capacitadas. A partir de uma solução padrão, simulou-se vários cenários na melhoria da infra-estrutura de transporte da malha rodoviária e na implementação da rede ferroviária. O modelo de localização de atividades agroindustriais envolveu uma estrutura de programação inteira. As variáveis consideradas para o objetivo do estudo foram os custos de transportes de grãos (soja) até a agroindústria; quantidade de produção de soja e o custo de instalação e ampliação de novas agroindústrias. Os principais resultados mostram que a pavimentação das principais rodovias estaduais no Estado produziria efeitos em termos de redução do custo total de distribuição de soja, em relação à solução padrão. Com a simulação da ferrovia, o efeito seria maior. O modelo selecionou para a instalação de novas agroindústrias os Pólos de Alto Taquari e Tangará da Serra. Tal resultado pode ser justificado pelo fato de os Pólos se concentrarem próximos aos centros produtores de soja e de fácil escoamento para outros estados.
The main objective of this work is to identify and analyze highways in the most efficient location, in order to minimize the transportation cost from the production area to the agroindustry, and to determine the most efficient location for new agroindustries in Mato Grosso, Brazil. The theorical model proposed was based on the agricultural production localization theory, by von Thünen, and on the industrial activities localization theory, by Weber. One model of net work was utilized as analytical instrument. From the analysis of the current situation, several sceneries were simulated for infra-structure improvement of highway transport and for railway implement. The agroindustrial activities localization model involved an entire programation structure. The variables considered for the study objective were the costs of grain (soybean) transport to the agroindustry; soybean production amount, and the installation and amplification cost for new agroindustries. The main results show that the principal state highways pavement would decrease the total cost of soybean distribution, in comparison with the current situation. With railway simulation, the effect would be bigger. The model selected, for new agroindustries installation, are the Poles of Alto Taquari and Tangará da Serra. Such a result can be justified by the fact that the Poles are concentrated near centers which are soybean productors and have easy outflow for other states.
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Denegri, Miasta Carlo Ítalo Gabriel. "Diseño de sistema de nivelación automática para transporte de emergencia en el planeta Marte." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/20301.
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Uno de los sueños del ser humano siempre ha sido viajar hacia las estrellas y visitar otros planetas. El deseo de alcanzar destinos más allá de la Tierra ha impulsado el desarrollo de tecnologías innovadoras como el GPS [1] o el descubrimiento del efecto de la micro-gravedad en el decrecimiento de las células del cáncer [2]. Hace un siglo, la comunidad científica se preguntaba cómo viajar al espacio; en cambio, ahora, se pregunta si una misión espacial tripulada llegará a Marte antes del 2030. Uno de los hitos de la carrera espacial ocurrió el 12 de abril de 1961 cuando el cosmonauta ruso Yuri Gagarin se convirtió en el primer ser humano en visitar el espacio [3]; 8 años más tarde, el 21 de julio de 1969, el primer ser humano llegaría a la Luna [4]. Hoy casi medio siglo después, organizaciones como la NASA o SpaceX están desarrollando la tecnología para enviar astronautas a Marte antes del 2030 [5] luego de que se han enviado exitosamente alrededor de una docena de dispositivos no tripulados al planeta rojo. Este acontecimiento pretende ser el primero de una serie de eventos similares, tal como ocurrió en el proyecto del primer alunizaje. No obstante, a lo largo de 60 años de logros y de errores espaciales, se ha aprendido que, con el fin de enviar una tripulación a una superficie planetaria, es necesario evaluar un gran número de aspectos importantes para asegurar el éxito de estas misiones; razón por la cual, se suele llevar a bordo a ingenieros, médicos y cirujanos designados [6]. Un aspecto fundamental para el éxito de estas misiones recae especialmente en las medidas de seguridad para la tripulación; por esta razón, se propone este trabajo con el objetivo de asistir en el caso que una persona resulte lastimada o herida en el planeta Marte. Esta propuesta apunta al transporte de una persona herida en la superficie del planeta Marte, específicamente sobre una camilla. La etapa del transporte en una camilla puede marcar una diferencia en el estado del usuario si no se evalúan las complicaciones que pueden presentarse; de hecho, en Estados Unidos se reportaron 671 casos de eventos adversos entre 1996 y el 2005 relacionados al transporte en camillas de emergencia [7]. Por esta razón, en esta propuesta, se diseñó un medio de transporte con una superficie auto-nivelable sobre la cual puedan descansar los pacientes mientras son transportados por otros miembros de la tripulación hasta alcanzar una zona segura donde se pueda suministrar un tratamiento adecuado. El equipo deberá ser ensamblado en la Tierra y será transportado a Marte donde podrá ser usado. Cuando sea necesario traer de regreso a un tripulante que se encuentre fuera de la nave y que no pueda desplazarse por sí mismo, el equipo puede ser llevado hasta el lugar del accidente por un tripulante. Una vez que el equipo se encuentre en posición, el paciente deberá ser colocado sobre la superficie acolchonada por miembros calificados en emergencias médicas. A continuación, se deberá encender el sistema electrónico de la máquina para activar el sistema de nivelación automática; luego de lo cual, un tripulante calificado deberá empujar la camilla junto con el paciente de camino de regreso hasta llegar a destino; a la vez que el sistema de nivelación automática de la máquina actúa durante todo el trayecto y corrige automáticamente la inclinación de la superficie sobre la cual descansa el paciente. Una vez llegado a destino, el paciente podrá ser retirado de la camilla para recibir tratamiento y luego la máquina podrá ser apagada.
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Tardelli, Bruno Leonardo Silva. "O escoamento de soja de Mato Grosso para exportação : uma análise de integração espacial de mercados e dos impactos da redução dos custos de transporte." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/79121.
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Esta dissertação está dividida em dois artigos que explorarão os custos internos de transporte da soja no Brasil. Os artigos estudam as condições de deficiência de escoamento da soja brasileira para exportação. Neste sentido, o primeiro artigo avalia os gargalos existentes no trajeto entre o estado do Mato Grosso – maior produtor brasileiro –, e o porto de Santos – maior ponto de exportação da soja proveniente do Mato Grosso. Os resultados indicam que a precariedade rodoviária do estado do Mato Grosso e o excessivo uso do modal rodoviário poderiam representar significativos entraves à competitividade mundial da soja brasileira. Já o segundo analisa o efeito do impacto de melhorias no sistema de transporte brasileiro sobre a cultura de soja no Brasil sobre os Estados Unidos e Argentina, bem como sobre os principais importadores. Este artigo abarca inúmeras variáveis de interesse, como exportações, produção, demanda por soja, preços locais, preços mundiais. De modo geral, verificou-se que a predominância do modal rodoviário no escoamento do grão, bem como a precariedade deste, poderiam ser impeditivos à expansão da soja no Brasil.This thesis is divided into two articles that explore the internal costs of transporting soybeans in Brazil. Articles studying the conditions of deficiency flow of Brazilian soybeans for export. In this sense, the first article evaluates the existing bottlenecks in the path between the state of Mato Grosso - Brazil's largest producer - and the port of Santos - the largest export point of soy from Mato Grosso. The results indicate that the road precarious state of Mato Grosso and the excessive use of railroads could represent significant barriers to global competitiveness of Brazilian soybeans. The second analyzes the effect of the impact of improvements in the transport system on the Brazilian soybean crop in Brazil over the United States and Argentina, as well as on the main importers. This article covers several variables of interest, such as exports, production, demand for soybeans, local prices, world prices. In general, it was found that the prevalence of road transportation on the flow of grain, and the instability of it, could be impediments to the growth of soybean in Brazil.
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Lima, Ronei Coelho de. "O uso corporativo do território pelo agronegócio e a questão da logística de transportes em Mato Grosso." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/2015.10.T.19271.
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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Geografia, Programa de Pós Graduação em Geografia, 2015.Submitted by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2015-11-23T20:27:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_RoneiCoelhodeLima.pdf: 8158042 bytes, checksum: 18a6b9e7c3ed1ea7fdee274cebeb9e1f (MD5)
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A reestruturação territorial decorrente dos ajustes espaciais do capitalismo favoreceu a consolidação do agronegócio em Mato Grosso, criando um quadro de uso corporativo do território. A modernização do setor agropecuário implicou na ampliação da produção e na necessidade de uma maior fluidez corporativa, exigindo investimentos no setor de transportes. Porém, como o Estado teve pouca capacidade de dotar o território da logística de transportes adequada aos interesses corporativos, criou-se um quadro que prejudica a competitividade do agronegócio mato-grossense, levando-o a buscar novas alternativas para superar os obstáculos existentes. Nesse contexto, objetivamos compreender os processos advindos dos ajustes espaciais do capitalismo sobre o território para o seu uso corporativo pelo agronegócio, cuja dinâmica produz uma diferenciação territorial quanto às infraestruturas instaladas, gerando um quadro de desenvolvimento pontual em lugares escolhidos pelos agentes hegemônicos.
The territorial restructuring resulting from capitalist spatial adjustments favored the agribusiness consolidation in Mato Grosso, creating a corporate use of the territory. The modernization of the agricultural sector resulted in the expansion of production and the need for greater corporate fluidity, requiring investments in the transportation sector. However, as the state had limited capacity to provide the territory with the appropriate transport logistics to corporate interests, a framework that undermines the competitiveness of Mato Grosso agribusiness was created, leading it to seek new alternatives to overcome the hurdles. In this context, we aim to understand the processes arising from spatial adjustments of capitalism over the territory for its corporate use by the agribusiness sector, whose dynamics produces a territorial differentiation regarding the infrastructure installed, generating a timely development framework in places chosen by hegemonic agents.
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Martinez-Guerrero, Lucy Jazmin. "Substrate Influence on Ligand Interaction with the Human Multidrug And Toxin Extruder (MATE)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/593494.
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Organic cation (OC) secretion across renal proximal tubules (RPTs) involves basolateral OCT2- mediated uptake from the blood, followed by apical MATE1/2-mediated efflux into the tubule filtrate. Whereas OCT2 supports electrogenic OC uniport, MATE is an OC/H exchanger. OCs make up ~40% of all prescribed drugs and renal secretion plays a major role in clearing them. This study looked at two aims with the intent of resolving two outstanding issues dealing with the mechanism of MATE-mediated OC transport. First: Understanding the nature of intracellular sequestration of OC in cells that express hMATE1 as an integral part of characterizing 'the potential difference of substrate selectivity between the intracellular and extracellular face of MATE1.' Second: Testing whether structurally distinct MATE substrates can display different quantitative profiles of inhibition when interacting with structurally distinct ligands to determine 'the potential influence of the substrate on the profile of ligand interaction with MATE1.' All uptake experiments were realized with CHO cells that stably expressed hMATE1, hMATE2K or hOCT2. By epifluorescence microscopy cultured CHO-hMATE1 cells accumulated the fluorescent OC, N,N,N-trimethyl-2-[methyl(7-nitrobenzo[c][l,2,5]oxadiazol-4- yl)amino]ethanaminium (NBD-MTMA) in the cytoplasm and in a smaller, punctate compartment; accumulation in hOCT2 expressing cells was restricted to the cytoplasm. A second intracellular compartment was also evident in the multicompartmental kinetics of efflux of the prototypic OC, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, [³H]MPP, from MATE1-expressing CHO cells. Punctate accumulation (20 min) of NBD-MTMA was markedly reduced by coexposure of MATE1-expressing cells with 5 μM bafilomycin (BAF), an inhibitor of the V-Type H-ATPase, and 20 min accumulations of [³H]MPP and [³H]NBD-MTMA were reduced by >30% by coexposure with 5 μM BAF. BAF had no effect on the initial rate of MATE1-mediated uptake of NBD-MTMA (10-300 sec) suggesting that the effect of BAF was a secondary effect involving inhibition of the V-type H-ATPase. The 15 min accumulation of [³H]MPP by isolated single non-perfused rabbit RPTs was also reduced >30% by coexposure to 5 μM BAF. Thus, the native expression in RPTs of MATE protein within endosomes can increase steady-state OC accumulation. However, the rate of [³H]MPP secretion by isolated single perfused rabbit RPTs was not affected by 5 μM BAF suggesting that vesicles loaded with OCs are not likely to recycle into the apical plasma membrane at sufficient rates to provide a parallel pathway for OC secretion. The uptake of three structurally distinct MATE substrates: MPP, triethylmethylammonium (TEMA) and NBD-MTMA into CHO-hMATE1 and CHO-hMATE2K cells was inhibited by three structurally similar cationic ionic liquids (ILs, salts in the liquid state: N-butylpyridinium, NBuPy; 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium, Bmim; and N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium, BmPy). The three ILs displayed a higher affinity for the pyridinium-based NBuPy (IC50 values, 2-4 μM) than for either the pyrrolidinium- (BmPy; 20-70 μM) or imidazolium-based ILs (Bmim; 15-60 μM). Inhibition of MPP, TEMA, and NBD-MTMA transport by NBuPy was competitive, with comparable Ki values against all substrates. Bmim also competitively blocked the three substrates but with Ki values that differed significantly (20 μM against MPP and 30 μM against NBD-MTMA versus 60 μM against TEMA). By trans-stimulation, all three ILs were transported by both MATE transporters. Together, these data indicate that renal secretion of ILs by the human kidney involves MATE transporters and suggest that the mechanism of transport inhibition is ligand-dependent, supporting the hypothesis that the binding of substrates to MATE transporters involves interaction with a binding surface with multiple binding sites. In order to further verify this hypothesis the uptake of four structurally distinct MATE substrates: MPP, NBD-MTMA, Cimetidine and Metformin into CHO-hMATE1 cells was characterized. Inhibition by ~400 drugs from the NIH clinical collection (NCC) was determined, and the rank order and level of inhibition seen were comparable against all substrates. IC₅₀ were measured for ~20 drugs selected from the NCC using principal component analysis (PCA); their IC₅₀ values were very similar against all four substrates, showing no systematic influence of substrate structure on inhibitory profile. The development and comparison of pharmacophores for each individual substrate revealed no substantial difference among them as proved by cluster analysis, leading to the conclusion that contrary to what was predicted based on the preliminary IL data, the substrates tested appear to have no influence on the inhibitory profile of ligands with hMATE1.
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Larsson, Felix, and Robin Linna. "An Analysis of Passenger Demand Forecast Evaluation Methods." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139942.
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In the field of aviation forecasting is used, among other things, to determine the number of passengers to expect for each flight. This is beneficial in the practice of revenue management, as the forecast is used as a base when setting the price for each flight. In this study, a forecast evaluation has been done on seven different routes with a total of 61 different flights, using four different methods. These are: Mean Absolute Scaled Error (MASE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Tracking Signal, and a goodness of fit test to determine if the forecast errors are normally distributed. The MASE has been used to determine if the passenger forecasts are better or worse than a naïve forecast, while the MAPE provides an error value for internal comparisons between the flights. The Tracking Signal and the normal distribution test have been used in order to determine whether a flight has bias or not towards under- or overforecasting. The results point towards a general underforecast across all studied flights. A total of 89 % of the forecasts perform better than the naïve forecast, with an average MASE value of 0,78. As such, the forecast accuracy is better than that of the naïve forecast. There are however large error values among the observed flights, affecting the MAPE average. The MAPE average is 38,53 % while the median is 30,60 %. The measure can be used for internal comparisons, and one such way is to use the average value as a benchmark in order to focus on improving those forecasts with a higher than average MAPE. The authors have found that the MASE and MAPE are useful in measuring forecast accuracy and as such the recommendation of the authors is that these two error measures can be used together to evaluate forecast accuracy at frequent intervals. In addition to this there is value in examining the error distribution in conjunction with the Mean Error when searching for bias, as this will indicate if there is systematic error present.
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Astorga, Bethzaida. "Multidrug And Toxin Extrusion's (MATE) Role in Renal Organic Cation Secretion." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/205470.
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Organic cations (OCs) make up ~40% of all prescribed drugs and renal secretion plays a major role in clearing these (and other OCs), from the plasma. The active and rate-limiting step of renal OC secretion is mediated by luminal OC/H+ exchange, the molecular basis of which is suspected to involve two homologous transport proteins, Multidrug And Toxin Extruders 1&2-K (MATE1 and MATE2-K). This study has two aims to resolve outstanding issues dealing with the mechanism of MATE-mediated OC transport: (Aim 1) develop predictive models of ligand interaction with hMATE1; (Aim 2) establish the kinetic mechanism(s) of ligand interaction with MATE transporters and the extent to which inhibitory ligands serve as transported substrates of MATE transporters. Transport was measured using human MATE1 and MATE2-K stably expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. Both MATEs had similar affinities for the prototypic OC substrate, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), and had overlapping selectivity for most of the test inhibitors. The IC50 values for 59 structurally diverse inhibitory ligands were used to generate a common features (HIPHOP) pharmacophore and three quantitative pharmacophores for hMATE1 (each displaying a significant correlation between predicted and measured IC50 values). The models identified (i) structural features that influence ligand interaction with hMATE1, including hydrophobic regions, H-bond donor and acceptor sites and an ionizable feature; and (ii) novel high affinity inhibitors of MATE-mediated transport from 13 new drug classes. Whereas metformin and creatinine were shown to be competitive inhibitors of MPP, the inhibition of MATE1-mediated MPP transport produced by pyrimethamine (PYR) and related analogs was not competitive but, instead, had a "linear, mixed-type" inhibitory profile suggestive of a MATE binding surface rather than a singular binding site. "Competitive exchange diffusion" showed that selected inhibitory ligands (including quinidine, caffeine, and the organic anion, PAH) also serve as transported substrates for MATE1. In conclusion, these data are consistent with the presence of a MATE binding surface with multiple, non-overlapping binding sites that can display different kinetic interactions with structurally distinct substrates. The creation of hMATE1 pharmacophores offers insight into development and interpretation of predictive models of drug-drug interaction in the kidney.
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Aal-Aaboda, Munaf Sabah. "Glutamate Transporter 1 and Cystine-Glutamate Antiporter as Potential Targets for Attenuating Alcohol Consumption in Male P Rats." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1403010118.
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Araujo, Juliana Aragao de. "Modelagem matem?tica para o transporte de part?culas sujeitas a m?ltiplos mecanismos de reten??o." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13034.
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Previous issue date: 2013-09-13Discrepancies between classical model predictions and experimental data for deep bed filtration have been reported by various authors. In order to understand these discrepancies, an analytic continuum model for deep bed filtration is proposed. In this model, a filter coefficient is attributed to each distinct retention mechanism (straining, diffusion, gravity interception, etc.). It was shown that these coefficients generally cannot be merged into an effective filter coefficient, as considered in the classical model. Furthermore, the derived analytic solutions for the proposed model were applied for fitting experimental data, and a very good agreement between experimental data and proposed model predictions were obtained. Comparison of the obtained results with empirical correlations allowed identifying the dominant retention mechanisms. In addition, it was shown that the larger the ratio of particle to pore sizes, the more intensive the straining mechanism and the larger the discrepancies between experimental data and classical model predictions. The classical model and proposed model were compared via statistical analysis. The obtained p values allow concluding that the proposed model should be preferred especially when straining plays an important role. In addition, deep bed filtration with finite retention capacity was studied. This work also involves the study of filtration of particles through porous media with a finite capacity of filtration. It was observed, in this case, that is necessary to consider changes in the boundary conditions through time evolution. It was obtained a solution for such a model using different functions of filtration coefficients. Besides that, it was shown how to build a solution for any filtration coefficient. It was seen that, even considering the same filtration coefficient, the classic model and the one here propposed, show different predictions for the concentration of particles retained in the porous media and for the suspended particles at the exit of the media
Discrep?ncias encontradas entre dados experimentais e previs?es feitas a partir do modelo cl?ssico foram relatadas por v?rios autores. Para entender essas discrep?ncias, um modelo anal?tico cont?nuo para a filtra??o profunda ? proposto. Neste modelo, cada mecanismo de reten??o est? associado a um coeficiente de filtra??o diferente. Foi mostrado que os coeficientes de filtra??o n?o podem ser somados e considerados em um ?nico coeficiente de filtra??o global como se apenas um mecanismo de reten??o atuasse no sistema, o que ? feito no modelo cl?ssico. Al?m disso, foram obtidas solu??es expl?citas para o sistema de equa??es que representam o modelo proposto. Tais solu??es foram usadas para ajustar os dados experimentais, e um bom ajuste foi obtido. Comparando os resultados obtidos com rela??es emp?ricas dispon?veis na literatura foi poss?vel identificar o mecanismo de reten??o mais atuante na filtra??o. Foi mostrado ainda, que quanto maior o tamanho das part?culas injetadas, mais atuante ? o mecanismo de exclus?o pelo tamanho e maiores as discrep?ncias entre o modelo proposto e o modelo cl?ssico. Os modelos cl?ssico e proposto foram comparados atrav?s de uma an?lise estat?stica. Tal an?lise mostrou que os ajustes feitos com o modelo proposto s?o significativamente melhores que os ajustes feitos com o modelo cl?ssico, principalmente quando o mecanismo de exclus?o pelo tamanho ? o mais atuante na filtra??o. Neste trabalho foi, tamb?m, estudado a filtra??o de part?culas em meio poroso com capacidade finita de filtra??o. Observou-se, neste caso, que ? necess?rio considerar mudan?as nas condi??es de fronteira com a evolu??o do tempo. Foi obtida a solu??o para tal modelo para diferentes fun??es de coeficiente de filtra??o. Al?m disso, foi mostrado como construir a solu??o para um coeficiente de filtra??o qualquer. Observou-se que, ainda que se considere o mesmo coeficiente de filtra??o, o modelo cl?ssico e o modelo proposto apresentam previs?es distintas para as concentra??es de part?culas retidas no meio e de part?culas em suspens?o na sa?da do meio
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Julião, Maria Heloisa Moreno. "Genomic identification of MATE, ABC, and MFS transporters in Citrus sinensis and expression analysis of Citrus species interacting with Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri /." Jaboticabal, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192658.
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Orientador: Alessandro de Mello VaraniResumo: As plantas como organismos sésseis requerem a síntese e o acúmulo de uma ampla variedade de moléculas envolvidas no crescimento, desenvolvimento e processos relacionados à defesa. Os transportadores Proteínas de Extrusão Multi- Antimicrobianas (MATE), Cassette de Ligação de ATP (ABC) e Superfamília dos Facilitadores Maioritários (MFS) são as principais famílias de transportadores de membrana em plantas, desempenhando um papel central nos processos relacionados à defesa nas interações planta-patógenos. Por exemplo, protegem as células das espécies de Citros sob a infecção de Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac), o agente etiológico do Cancro Cítrico tipo A, uma das doenças de Citros mais devastadoras envolvidas em sérios impactos econômicos e ambientais. Aqui, identificamos genes e transcritos das famílias MATE, ABC e MFS usando o genoma disponível de Citrus sinensis (v2.0 HZAU) e o Transcriptoma Referência de Citros (CRT) re-anotado da base de dados CitrusKB (http://bioinfo.deinfo.uepg.br). Foram identificados 67 genes MATE, 91 MFS e 143 ABC no genoma de C. sinensis e 82 transcritos MATE, 139 MFS e 226 ABC no CRT. Os transcritos foram mapeados no genoma de C. sinensis, revelando uma alta taxa de genes parálogos e putativos eventos de splicing alternativo (AS), cujos perfis de expressão gênica e potenciais papéis na interação Citros-Xac foram propostos. As cópias de genes em tandem e cópias dispersas juntamente com genes que possivelmente sofreram eventos de AS representam fon... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Plants as sessile organisms require the synthesis and accumulation of a large array of molecules involved in growth, development, and defense-related processes. The Multi-Antimicrobial Extrusion Protein (MATE), ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) and Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) transporters are the largest families of membrane transporters in plants, playing a central role in the defense-related processes in plant- pathogen interactions. For instance, protecting Citrus species cells under the infection of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac), the etiologic agent of the Citrus Canker type A, one of the most devastating Citrus diseases involved with serious economic and environmental impacts. Herein, we identified genes and transcripts from MATE, ABC, and MFS families using the available Citrus sinensis genome (v2.0 HZAU) and the re-annotated Citrus Reference Transcriptome (CRT) from CitrusKB Knowledge Base (http://bioinfo.deinfo.uepg.br). We identified 67 MATE, 91 MFS, and 143 ABC genes in the C. sinensis genome and 82 MATE, 139 MFS, and 226 ABC transcripts in the CRT. The transcripts were mapped in the C. sinensis genome revealing a high rate of paralogs genes and probably alternative splicing (AS) events, whose expression profiles and potential roles in the Citrus-Xac interaction were proposed. The tandem and dispersed copies along with genes that underwent AS events represents sources of transporters’ genes diversity and complexity. Moreover, we also highlighted potential bi... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Weintraut, Melodie Lynn. "Small Intestinal Transporters in Two Species of Galliformes: Male and Female Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) and Chicken (Gallus gallus)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73559.
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The objective of the first study was to characterize amino peptidase N (APN), peptide (PepT1), amino acid (ASCT1, bo,+AT, CAT1, EAAT3, LAT1, y+LAT2), and sugar transporter expression (GLUT2, GLUT5, SGLT1) in the small intestine of male and female turkeys. Small intestine samples were collected during embryonic development (E21, E24) and DOH. In a separate experiment during post-hatch development (DOH, D7, D14, D21, D28). APN, bo,+AT, PepT1, y+LAT2, GLUT5 and SGLT1 were expressed most on DOH. Post-hatch, all genes except GLUT2 and SGLT1 were expressed greater in females than males. SGLT1 was expressed greater in males. Basolateral transporters were expressed more during early development; while there was more expression of brush border transporters EAAT3, GLUT5 and SGLT1 later in development. In chickens, there are alternatively spliced exons of the PepT2 gene that encode proteins with four different N-termini (Variants 5-8). The objective of this study was to characterize the patterns of expression of these PepT2 variants. Brain, kidney, liver and intestine were analyzed at E18 and D7 (n=5). Expression of Variant 5 was most prominent in the brain and variant 6 was most prominent in the kidney. Variant 8 appeared in all tissues on E18 and D7. Variant 7 was only expressed in late embryonic development in the ileum. Results from these studies demonstrate that there are differences in gene expression of nutrient transporters in two agriculturally important avian species from the same order Galliformes. These differences can be used to improve feed efficiency and enhance the growth of both species.Master of Science
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Carmo, Márcio Teoro do [UNESP]. "Estudo do fluido folicular, transporte, recuperaçao e maturação de oócitos em éguas superovuladas com estrato de pituitária equina." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105971.
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carmo_mt_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 1969502 bytes, checksum: 198972891441c6a64f8bf48146e2e8b1 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A fêmea da espécie eqüina é considerada monovulatória sazonal, o que é ator limitante a produção de embriões ao longo do ano. Esta limitação poderia inimizada se houvesse uma resposta superovulatória eficiente em melhorar a ção de embriões. Protocolos mais recentes desenvolvidos em nosso atório utilizando-se o Extrato de Pituitária Eqüina (EPE) têm permitido uma esposta superovulatória. Contudo o número de embriões recuperados ainda sido inferior ao das ovulações, em conseqüência de fatores ainda não inados. O presente estudo teve por objetivo: verificar se o tratamento com o - administrado duas vezes ao dia, altera a maturação nuclear e citoplasmática I ito, avaliar o ambiente folicular mensurando os níveis de 17(3-estradiol, E5~)tlerona, progesterona, inibina e óxido nítrico, bem como o perfil eletroforético eínas no fluido folicular entre éguas superovuladas e não superovuladas. amos também o transporte do oócito para o oviduto. Este trabalho foi o em quatro experimentos: Experimento I Estudo do transporte dos oócitos oviduto de éguas superovuladas com extrato de pituitária eqüina; ento II Efeito da superovulação na recuperação de oócitos quando da ~-es foliculares guiadas por ultra-sonografia; Experimento 111 Avaliação do e folicular de éguas superovuladas; Experimento IV Avaliação da ''ação oocitária de éguas superovuladas com extrato de pituitária equina. O ento I foi desenvolvido na Universidade de Rio Cuarto (Argentina), foram _za.:las 22 éguas de 3 - 12 anos, (09 éguas controles; 13 éguas tratadas _ . Estes animais foram...
The equine female is considered a seasonal mono-ovulatory specie, which is a restrictive factor in respect to embryo production throughout the year. This limitation could be minimized if an efficient superovulatory response and consequent improvement of embryo production were possible. More recent protocols developed in our lab using EPE (equine pituitary extract) have allowed a good superovulatory response. However, the number of embryos recovered has been inferior to the number of ovulations detected due to unknown factors. The present study has the following objectives: Verify if the EPE treatment administered twice daily would alter the oocyte cytoplasmic and nuclear maturation; and to evaluate the follicular environment by measuring estradiol 17-, testosterone, progesterone, inhibin and nitric oxide. The electrophoresis pattern of proteins in follicular fluid from superovulated and non- superovulated mares was determined. In addition, the oocyte transport through the oviduct was investigated. The present study was divided into four experiments. Experiment I: Study of oocyte transport to the oviduct in superovulated mares using equine pituitary extract. Experiment II: Effect of superovulation on oocyte recovery using transvaginal ultrasound guided follicular aspiration. Experiment III: Evaluation of follicular environment in superovulated mares. Experiment IV: Oocyte maturation in superovulated in mares using equine pituitary extract. Experiment I was performed at Rio Cuarto University, Argentina. In the related study, 22 mares aging from 3 to 12 years were used (9 control mares, 13 EPE treated mares). These mares were monitored daily by ultrasound until the presence of a follicle ≥ 30mm in diameter, being then examined twice daily. The superovulation protocol used consisted in 25mg of EPE twice a day, intramuscularly, starting at day 7 post- ovulation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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OLIVEIRA, Ademir Machado De. "Impacto econômico de investimentos em infraestrutura de transporte rodoviário: avaliação do Programa Estradeiro nos municípios do estado de Mato Grosso." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18006.
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CAPES
Este estudo analisa os impactos econômicos das intervenções do “Programa Estradeiro” (2003- 2010) decorrentes das Parcerias Público-Privadas (PPP's) entre várias associações de produtores rurais e 49 municípios junto ao estado de Mato Grosso (Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil) visando à pavimentação de 2529 quilômetros de rodovias. Utilizando uma estratégia econométrica que usa conjuntamente os métodos Propensity Score Matching (PSM) e Difference-in-Difference (DiD), analisa-se o impacto do aumento dos investimentos em infraestrutura rodoviária, ao longo do período de 2001 a 2012, sobre o crescimento econômico dos municípios mato-grossensesque participaram do Programa Estradeiro em relação àqueles que não sofreram a intervenção, a partir da análise do impacto sobre os seguintes indicadores econômico-produtivos: PIB per capita, PIB real; PIB agropecuário; PIB industrial; PIB serviços-comércio; e Total de produção de soja. Esta última variável entrou na análise devido ao fato de que foi com a renda originaria desta produção que os produtores rurais financiaram as suas cotas de participação nas PPP's que financiaram o Programa Estradeiro, daí a alcunha de “PPP's Caipiras” ao programa. A partir de pré-testes de validação dos métodos e da base de dados, as estimações geram resultados que trazem evidências empíricas de que: (i) “os investimentos em infraestrutura de transporte afetam positivamente e com alta intensidade a dinâmica de crescimento econômico de uma região periférica”; (ii) “os investimentos em infraestrutura de transporte, nos moldes que atualmente ocorrem, geram transbordamentos econômicos restritos (concentrados) em uma região periférica”; (iii) “os investimentos em infraestrutura de transporte, nos moldes que ocorrem, não desencadeiam um processo consistente de alteração da dinâmica socioprodutiva de uma região periférica”. A evidência ‘i’, e em menor dimensão ‘ii’ e ‘iii’, além dos efeitos diretos das pavimentações do Programa Estradeiro, são consequências de condições socioeconômicas relevantes sendo satisfeitas que, em princípio, se revelaram diante dos seguintes mecanismos-chave de manifestação: (1) Ter a economia fortemente alavancada no mercado externo, e a demanda externa por seus produtos-chave se manter firme (ou crescente); (2) Estar em um ciclo de expansão econômica com expectativas de rentabilidades positivas para a maioria das atividades econômicas, o que potencializa os efeitos dos investimentos em infraestrutura de transporte; (3) Estar o volume de crédito em nível adequado (ou em expansão) às necessidades dos negócios e com taxas de juros em patamares atrativos (ou em redução) aos financiamentos; (4) Deter intrarregionalmente maior população média (e maior concentração urbana), faz com que o maior estoque de capital humano exerça, em princípio, efeito catalizador de investimentos de firmas e de migração de trabalhadores. Os vários testes de pós-estimações conferiram maior confiabilidade às estimativas e aos resultados, os quais se mostraram robustos.
This study analyzes the economic impact of interventions "Estradeiro Program" (2003-2010) resulting from Public-Private Partnerships (PPP's) between various associations of farmers and 49 municipalities with the state of Mato Grosso (Midwest Region of Brazil) aimed at paving 2529 km of highways. Using an econometric strategy together using the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Difference-in-Difference (DiD) methods, analyzes the impact of increased investment in road infrastructure, over the period 2001 to 2012 on growth economic development of Mato Grosso municipalities participating in the Estradeiro Program than those who did not undergo intervention, from the impact analysis on the following economicproduction indicators: GDP Per capita, Real GDP; Agricultural GDP; Industrial GDP; Commerce-services GDP; and Soybean Production in Total. The latter variable entered in the analysis due to the fact that it originated with the income from the production that farmers financed their quotas of participation in PPP's that financed the Estradeiro Program, hence the sobriquet "PPP's Grits" to the program.From pre-test validation of methods and database, the estimates produce results that bring empirical evidence that: (i) "transport infrastructure investments affect positively and strongly the dynamics of economic growth of a peripheral region "; (ii) "investment in transport infrastructure, similar to that currently occur, they generate limited economic spillovers(concentrated) in a peripheral region"; (iii) "investments in transportation infrastructure, the lines that occur do not lead a consistent process of changingsocial-productive dynamics in a peripheral region". Evidence 'i' and smaller 'ii' and 'iii', in addition to the direct effects of dissolution of Estradeiro Program are relevant consequences of socioeconomic conditions being satisfied that, in principle, have been shown in the following key mechanisms demonstration:(1) Have the economy heavily leveraged in foreign markets, and foreign demand for its key products stand firm (or high); (2) Be on an economic expansion cycle with expectations of positive returns for most economic activities, which potentiates the effects of investment in transport infrastructure; (3) Be the volume of credit at appropriate level (or expanding) to business needs and with interest rates at attractive levels (or reduction) to finance; (4) Detainintra regionally highest average population (and largest urban concentration), causes the greatest stock of human capital engaged in principle catalytic effect of investment firms and labor migration. The various post-estimation test gave more reliable the estimates and results, which are robust.
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Gomes, Patricia Morais. "Transporte e reprodução do espaço: o papel da Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil na dinâmica do espaço urbano de Santos Dumont." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4090.
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Tradicionalmente tem sido comum a ideia de que existe uma relação direta entre as infraestruturas de transporte e desenvolvimento regional. Esta relação pode gerar, ao longo do tempo, efeitos diretos e indiretos em diferentes setores da economia. Observa-se então que a construção de infraestruturas de transporte traz uma série de consequências no desenvolvimento econômico e social da uma região. Assim, o desenvolvimento de tais sistemas é capaz de promover transformações dos espaços urbanos, industriais ou gerar divisões territoriais distintas, o que demonstra a estreita relação existente entre o espaço geográfico e os meios de circulação. Tal característica pode ser observada em diversas regiões do Brasil, principalmente se considerarmos a importância da introdução da ferrovia no território brasileiro como atividade – meio capaz de produzir e reproduzir formas e configurações da vida econômica e social de diversas cidades e regiões que tiveram na atividade ferroviária um dos principais meios de desenvolvimento, como é o caso de cidades localizadas na Zona da Mata mineira. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo entender como os meios de circulação, neste caso representado pela ferrovia E. F. D. Pedro II / E. F. Central do Brasil participa do processo de reprodução do espaço e estruturação do capital produtivo no município de Santos Dumont. É importante destacar que a relação entre transportes e desenvolvimento regional resulta de um sistema de atividades econômicas adequadas ao conjunto do desenvolvimento, o que nos leva a realizar uma análise profunda das características históricas, sócias, políticas, tecnológicas e econômicas vigentes ao longo do processo de instalação e utilização do modal ferroviário na Zona da Mata mineira. Através dessa configuração é possível entender o papel das formas geográficas criadas e das interações e complementariedades existentes entre elas, tendo no sistema de transporte, neste caso a ferrovia, o meio pelo qual os espaços são anexados ao circuito produtivo em cada momento histórico, sendo este produzido e reproduzido de acordo com a atuação dos diversos atores envolvidos no processo.
Traditionally it has been common the idea that there is a direct relationship between transport infrastructure and regional development. This relationship can generate, over time, direct and indirect effects on different economy sectors. Therefore, it is important to note that the construction of transport infrastructure has a number of consequences on the economic and social development of a region. Thus, the development of such systems is capable of promoting transformation of urban spaces, industrial or generates different territorial divisions, which demonstrates the close link between the geographical area and the means of circulation. This characteristic can be observed in several regions of Brazil, especially considering the importance of the introduction of the railroad in Brazil as an activity - means capable of producing and reproducing shapes and configurations of social and economic life of many cities and regions that have had in the railway activity one of the principal means of development, as in the case of cities located in Zona da Mata Mineira. Thus, this study aims to understand how the means of circulation, in this case represented by the railroad E. F. D. Pedro II / E. F. Central do Brasil participates in the reproduction process of space and structure of productive capital in the city of Santos Dumont. Importantly, the relationship between transport and regional development is the result of an economic activities system appropriate to the whole development, which leads us to make a depth analysis of historical, socials, political, technological and economic characteristics existing throughout the installation process and use of the railroad in Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais. Through this configuration it is possible to understand the role of geographical forms created and the interactions and complementarities between them, having had in the transport system, in this case the railroad, the means by which the spaces are attached to the productive circuit in each historical moment, having it being produced and reproduced according to the performance of various actors involved in the process.
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Schlunk, Ines [Verfasser], Erika [Akademischer Betreuer] Kothe, Axel A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Brakhage, and Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Nehls. "Charakterisierung des MATE-Transporters Mte1 und Etablierung eines Transformationssystems für den Ektomykorrhiza-Pilz Tricholoma vaccinum / Ines Schlunk. Gutachter: Erika Kothe ; Axel A. Brakhage ; Uwe Nehls." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1018652949/34.
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Carmo, Márcio Teoro do. "Estudo do fluido folicular, transporte, recuperaçao e maturação de oócitos em éguas superovuladas com estrato de pituitária equina /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105971.
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Resumo: A fêmea da espécie eqüina é considerada monovulatória sazonal, o que é "ator limitante a produção de embriões ao longo do ano. Esta limitação poderia inimizada se houvesse uma resposta superovulatória eficiente em melhorar a ção de embriões. Protocolos mais recentes desenvolvidos em nosso atório utilizando-se o Extrato de Pituitária Eqüina (EPE) têm permitido uma esposta superovulatória. Contudo o número de embriões recuperados ainda sido inferior ao das ovulações, em conseqüência de fatores ainda não inados. O presente estudo teve por objetivo: verificar se o tratamento com o - administrado duas vezes ao dia, altera a maturação nuclear e citoplasmática I ito, avaliar o ambiente folicular mensurando os níveis de 17(3-estradiol, E5~)tlerona, progesterona, inibina e óxido nítrico, bem como o perfil eletroforético eínas no fluido folicular entre éguas superovuladas e não superovuladas. amos também o transporte do oócito para o oviduto. Este trabalho foi o em quatro experimentos: Experimento I "Estudo do transporte dos oócitos oviduto de éguas superovuladas com extrato de pituitária eqüina"; ento II "Efeito da superovulação na recuperação de oócitos quando da ~-es foliculares guiadas por ultra-sonografia"; Experimento 111 "Avaliação do e folicular de éguas superovuladas"; Experimento IV "Avaliação da '"'ação oocitária de éguas superovuladas com extrato de pituitária equina". O ento I" foi desenvolvido na Universidade de Rio Cuarto (Argentina), foram _za.:las 22 éguas de 3 - 12 anos, (09 éguas controles; 13 éguas tratadas _ . Estes animais foram... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)Abstract: The equine female is considered a seasonal mono-ovulatory specie, which is a restrictive factor in respect to embryo production throughout the year. This limitation could be minimized if an efficient superovulatory response and consequent improvement of embryo production were possible. More recent protocols developed in our lab using EPE (equine pituitary extract) have allowed a good superovulatory response. However, the number of embryos recovered has been inferior to the number of ovulations detected due to unknown factors. The present study has the following objectives: Verify if the EPE treatment administered twice daily would alter the oocyte cytoplasmic and nuclear maturation; and to evaluate the follicular environment by measuring estradiol 17-, testosterone, progesterone, inhibin and nitric oxide. The electrophoresis pattern of proteins in follicular fluid from superovulated and non- superovulated mares was determined. In addition, the oocyte transport through the oviduct was investigated. The present study was divided into four experiments. Experiment I: Study of oocyte transport to the oviduct in superovulated mares using equine pituitary extract. Experiment II: Effect of superovulation on oocyte recovery using transvaginal ultrasound guided follicular aspiration. Experiment III: Evaluation of follicular environment in superovulated mares. Experiment IV: Oocyte maturation in superovulated in mares using equine pituitary extract. Experiment I was performed at Rio Cuarto University, Argentina. In the related study, 22 mares aging from 3 to 12 years were used (9 control mares, 13 EPE treated mares). These mares were monitored daily by ultrasound until the presence of a follicle ≥ 30mm in diameter, being then examined twice daily. The superovulation protocol used consisted in 25mg of EPE twice a day, intramuscularly, starting at day 7 post- ovulation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Marco Antonio Alvarenga
Coorientador: Fernanda da Cruz Landim e Alvarenga
Banca: Cezinande de Meira
Banca: Frederico Ozanam Papa
Banca: Rubens Pais de Arruda
Banca: Carlos Antonio de carvalho Fernandes
Doutor
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Dirami, Thassadite. "Le transporteur anionique TAT1 (SLC26A8) : rôle physiologique et implication dans les asthénozoospermies humaines." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T050/document.
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La protéine TAT1 (Testis Anion Transporter 1 ; SLC26A8) appartient à la famille des SLC26, une famille de transporteurs d’anions qui contribuent dans différents épithelia à l’homéostasie cellulaire. La protéine TAT1 s’exprime exclusivement dans les cellules germinales mâles, chez l’homme et chez la souris. Sur le spermatozoïde mature, la protéine TAT1 est localisée à la jonction des pièces intermédiaire (PI) et principale (PP) du flagelle, au niveau de l’annulus, une structure en forme d’anneau composée de différents polymères de Septines (1, 4, 6, 7 et 12).Le modèle murin d’invalidation du gène Tat1 présente une infertilité mâle par asthénozoospermie totale (absence de mobilité des spermatozoïdes) et des défauts de capacitation associés à des anomalies structurales du flagelle (plicature du flagelle, disjonction entre la PI et la PP, atrophie de l’annulus). Ce modèle indique que la protéine TAT1 pourrait avoir un rôle structural dans le maintien de l’annulus et dans la mise en place du flagelle. Par ailleurs, la protéine TAT1 possédant une activité de transport d’anions, il est vraisemblable qu’elle puisse influer directement sur la régulation de la mobilité et de la capacitation puisqu’il est bien établi que les échanges ioniques sont essentiels au contrôle de ces deux processus.En effet, les ions chlorure, bicarbonate et calcium participent à l’activation de la voie de signalisation AMPc/PKA, au cours des processus de mobilité et de capacitation (i.e. processus de maturation ayant lieu dans le tractus génital féminin et conférant au spermatozoïde un mouvement hyperactivé et la capacité à interagir avec l’ovocyte).Plusieurs travaux ont montré une interaction physique et fonctionnelle des membres de la famille SLC26 avec le canal chlorure/bicarbonate CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator) dont les mutations sont responsables de la mucoviscidose. De manière intéressante des données récentes ont montré l’expression de CFTR dans le spermatozoïde et son rôle dans la régulation des flux de chlorure au cours de la capacitation. Au cours de ma thèse, nous avons testé la coopération entre les protéines TAT1 et CFTR ; nous avons pu montrer que la protéine TAT1 est capable d’interagir physiquement avec CFTR et de stimuler son activité de transport d’anions, suggérant qu’in vivo les deux protéines forment un complexe moléculaire impliqué dans la régulation des flux de chlorure et de bicarbonate dans le spermatozoïde.Tout comme TAT1, plusieurs membres de la famille SLC26 ont une expression tissulaire spécifique. Par ailleurs, les mutations génétiques de certains SLC26 sont associées à des pathologies humaines (surdité, diarrhée chlorurée congénitale et chondrodysplasie). De par le phénotype du modèle murin Tat1 et l’importance des SLC26 en pathologie humaine, TAT1 constitue un bon candidat dans la recherche des causes génétiques des asthénozoospermies humaines.Le laboratoire a mis en place au cours de ma thèse, un projet de recherche de mutations du gène TAT1 dans les asthénozoospermies humaines. Le séquençage des régions codantes du gène TAT1 dans une cohorte de 147 hommes infertiles par asthénozoospermie a ainsi permis d’identifier des variations de séquence inédites du gène chez 7 sujets. L’étude in vitro de certains variants indique pour trois d’entre eux une instabilité des formes mutantes associée à un défaut de stimulation du canal CFTR, in vitro. Par ailleurs, les spermatozoïdes de ces patients présentent d’importantes anomalies flagellaires dans la mise en place de la pièce intermédiaire, compatible avec un rôle de la protéine TAT1 et de ses partenaires (les septines) dans la genèse du flagelleTAT1 (Testis Anion Transporter 1 ; SLC26A8) belongs to the SLC26 family of anion transporters, which is implicated in cellular homeostasis of different epithelia. TAT1 is exclusively expressed in male germ cells, in human and mouse. On mature spermatozoa, TAT1 is located at the annulus, a ring-shaped structure composed of different septins polymers (1, 4, 6, 7 and 12), at the junction of the midpiece (MP) and principal piece (PP) of the flagellum.The knock-out mouse model of Tat1 gene shows a male infertility by complete asthenozoospermia (lack of sperm motility) and capacitation defects combined with flagellar structural abnormalities (flagella bending, MP and PP disjunction and atrophy of the annulus). This model suggests that the TAT1 protein could fulfill structural roles in the annulus and during flagellum biogenesis. Moreover TAT1 displayind an anion transport activity, it could also be implicated in the control of sperm motility and capacitation by regulating anions exchannges, which are well known to be essential for both processes.Indeed, chloride, bicarbonate and calcium ions are involved in the activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway, controlling sperm motility and capacitation processes (i.e. maturation events occuring in the female genital tract and providing the spermatozoa an hyperactivation movement and the ability to interact with oocyte).Several publications have reported a physical and functionnal interaction between SLC26 family members and the chloride/bicarbonate CFTR channel (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator), which mutations are responsible of cystic fibrosis. Interestingly, recent data showed CFTR expression in spermatozoa and its role in the regulation of chloride fluxes during capacitation. During my thesis, we tested TAT1 and CFTR cooperation; we showed that TAT1 can interact physically with CFTR and stimulate its anion transport activity, suggesting that in vivo they form a molecular complex involved in the regulation of chloride and bicarbonate fluxes during sperm capacitation.Like TAT1, several SLC26 family members have a tissue specific expression. Furthermore genetic mutations in several SLC26 members result in human pathology such as deafness, congenital chloride diarrhea and chondrodysplasia. According to the phenotype of the KO Tat1 mouse model and the role of SLC26 members in human pathology, TAT1 constitutes a good candidate for the search of genetic causes of human asthenozoospermia.During my thesis, the laboratory has set up, a research project aiming at identifying mutations in the TAT1 gene that are responsible for human asthenozoospermia.Sequencing of the TAT1 gene coding regions in a cohort of 147 infertile men presenting with asthenozoospermia allowed us to identify several new sequence variations in in the TAT1 gene. In vitro study of these variants shows that 3 of them are associated with protein instability and abrogate CFTR stimulation. Besides, patients sperm show important flagellar abnormalities in the midpiece, consistent with a role of TAT1 and its partners (septins) in flagellum biogenesis
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Dalpiaz, Diego. "Simula??o num?rica de transporte e dep?sito de sedimentos em suspens?o em canal inclinado." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/3270.
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Previous issue date: 2014-08-29Gravity currents begin when two fluid bodies, with different densities, collides one against other, starting a relative movement in both, being these processes responsible for the transport of sediment from the continental shelf into the deep ocean and the marine construction relief. When the density of sediments transported by rivers exceeds the density of the ambient fluid, it can plunge and form a submerged current, called hyperpycnal plume. The purpose of this research is to investigate, using Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), the plunge point dynamics of these currents, being employed the Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) to simulate the slope of the continental shelf. Are investigated the influence of the fall velocity of the particle, the initial concentration of suspended sediment, the declivity of the slope in plunge point formation and consequently in the dynamics of particle sedimentation. These results were compared qualitatively with experimental case found in the literature. Quantitative discrepancies were found arising from the use of two-dimensional configuration, and also uncertainty as to the experiment data. The two-dimensional cases showed that the initial concentration of particles and the slope of the platform directly affects the position of plunge point and so little the sediment deposits profile, as the fall velocity shows opposite behavior. The 2D configuration was inefficient for low Ri numbers, showing the necessity of three-dimensional simulations.
Correntes de gravidade tem in?cio quando corpos fluidos de diferentes densidade se encontram, dando in?cio a um movimento relativo entre eles, sendo estes processos respons?veis pelo transporte de sedimento das plataformas continentais para o oceano profundo e constru??o do relevo marinho. Quando a densidade dos sedimentos trasportados pelos rios excede a densidade do fluido ambiente, a corrente gerada pode afundar, gerando uma corrente submersa, denominada pluma hiperpicnal. A inten??o desta pesquisa ? investigar, atrav?s da Simula??o Num?rica Direta (DNS), a din?mica do mergulho destas correntes, sendo empregado o m?todo das fronteiras imersas (IBM), para simular a inclina??o da plataforma continental. S?o investigadas a influ?ncia da velocidade de queda da part?cula, da concentra??o inicial de sedimentos em suspens?o, da declividade da encosta na forma??o do ponto de mergulho e consequentemente na din?mica de sedimenta??o das part?culas. Estes resultados foram comparados qualitativamente com um caso experimental encontrado na literatura. Discrep?ncias quantitativas foram encontradas decorrentes da limita??o bidimensional empregada aos casos, e tamb?m das incertezas quanto aos dados do experimento. Os casos bidimensionais mostraram que a concentra??o inicial de part?culas e a inclina??o da plataforma afeta diretamente a posi??o do ponto de mergulho e pouco o perfil de dep?sito de sedimentos, j? a velocidade de queda mostra comportamento contr?rio. A configura??o 2D mostrou-se ineficiente para baixos n?meros de Ri, mostrando a necessidade da realiza??o de simula??es tridimensionais.
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Kato, Tomoko. "Gene expression of nutrient-sensing molecules in I cells of CCK reporter male mice." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263549.
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Graf, Justin T. "Membrane associated transporter protein gene (SLC45A2) and the genetic basis of normal human pigmentation variation." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/25913/.
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This work is concerned with the genetic basis of normal human pigmentation variation. Specifically, the role of polymorphisms within the solute carrier family 45 member 2 (SLC45A2 or membrane associated transporter protein; MATP) gene were investigated with respect to variation in hair, skin and eye colour ― both between and within populations. SLC45A2 is an important regulator of melanin production and mutations in the gene underly the most recently identified form of oculocutaneous albinism. There is evidence to suggest that non-synonymous polymorphisms in SLC45A2 are associated with normal pigmentation variation between populations. Therefore, the underlying hypothesis of this thesis is that polymorphisms in SLC45A2 will alter the function or regulation of the protein, thereby altering the important role it plays in melanogenesis and providing a mechanism for normal pigmentation variation.
In order to investigate the role that SLC45A2 polymorphisms play in human pigmentation variation, a DNA database was established which collected pigmentation phenotypic information and blood samples of more than 700 individuals. This database was used as the foundation for two association studies outlined in this thesis, the first of which involved genotyping two previously-described non-synonymous polymorphisms, p.Glu272Lys and p.Phe374Leu, in four different population groups. For both polymorphisms, allele frequencies were significantly different between population groups and the 272Lys and 374Leu alleles were strongly associated with black hair, brown eyes and olive skin colour in Caucasians. This was the first report to show that SLC45A2 polymorphisms were associated with normal human intra-population pigmentation variation.
The second association study involved genotyping several SLC45A2 promoter polymorphisms to determine if they also played a role in pigmentation variation. Firstly, the transcription start site (TSS), and hence putative proximal promoter region, was identified using 5' RNA ligase mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RLM-RACE). Two alternate TSSs were identified and the putative promoter region was screened for novel polymorphisms using denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC). A novel duplication (c.–1176_–1174dupAAT) was identified along with other previously described single nucleotide polymorphisms (c.–1721C>G and c.–1169G>A). Strong linkage disequilibrium ensured that all three polymorphisms were associated with skin colour such that the –1721G, +dup and –1169A alleles were associated with olive skin in Caucasians. No linkage disequilibrium was observed between the promoter and coding region polymorphisms, suggesting independent effects. The association analyses were complemented with functional data, showing that the –1721G, +dup and –1169A alleles significantly decreased SLC45A2 transcriptional activity. Based on in silico bioinformatic analysis that showed these alleles remove a microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) binding site, and that MITF is a known regulator of SLC45A2 (Baxter and Pavan, 2002; Du and Fisher, 2002), it was postulated that SLC45A2 promoter polymorphisms could contribute to the regulation of pigmentation by altering MITF binding affinity.
Further characterisation of the SLC45A2 promoter was carried out using luciferase reporter assays to determine the transcriptional activity of different regions of the promoter. Five constructs were designed of increasing length and their promoter activity evaluated. Constitutive promoter activity was observed within the first ~200 bp and promoter activity increased as the construct size increased. The functional impact of the –1721G, +dup and –1169A alleles, which removed a MITF consensus binding site, were assessed using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and expression analysis of genotyped melanoblast and melanocyte cell lines. EMSA results confirmed that the promoter polymorphisms affected DNA-protein binding. Interestingly, however, the protein/s involved were not MITF, or at least MITF was not the protein directly binding to the DNA. In an effort to more thoroughly characterise the functional consequences of SLC45A2 promoter polymorphisms, the mRNA expression levels of SLC45A2 and MITF were determined in melanocyte/melanoblast cell lines. Based on SLC45A2’s role in processing and trafficking TYRP1 from the trans-Golgi network to stage 2 melanosmes, the mRNA expression of TYRP1 was also investigated. Expression results suggested a coordinated expression of pigmentation genes.
This thesis has substantially contributed to the field of pigmentation by showing that SLC45A2 polymorphisms not only show allele frequency differences between population groups, but also contribute to normal pigmentation variation within a Caucasian population. In addition, promoter polymorphisms have been shown to have functional consequences for SLC45A2 transcription and the expression of other pigmentation genes. Combined, the data presented in this work supports the notion that SLC45A2 is an important contributor to normal pigmentation variation and should be the target of further research to elucidate its role in determining pigmentation phenotypes. Understanding SLC45A2’s function may lead to the development of therapeutic interventions for oculocutaneous albinism and other disorders of pigmentation. It may also help in our understanding of skin cancer susceptibility and evolutionary adaptation to different UV environments, and contribute to the forensic application of pigmentation phenotype prediction.
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Webber, J. Beau W., Philip Bland, John H. Strange, Ross Anderson, and Bahman Tohidi. "Why you can’t use water to make cryoporometric measurements of the pore size distributions in meteorites – or in high iron content clays, rocks or concrete." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-191847.
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Many porous materials have high susceptibility magnetic gradients in the pores, due to the presence of iron or other magnetic materials. Thus if probe liquids are placed in the pores they exhibit fast decaying signals with a short T2*. Usually the actual T2 of the liquids is also reduced, due the presence of paramagnetic ions in the pore walls.
The usual solution in NMR is to measure an echo (or echo train) at short times. However, recent work [J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 19, 415117, 2007.] has shown that water/ice systems near a pore wall form rotator phase plastic ice, with T2 relaxation times in the region of 100 to 200 ms. Thus if a NMR cryoporometric measurement is attempted with a measurement time significantly less than 1 or 2 milli-seconds, the result is to make a measurement based on the phase properties of the brittle to plastic ice phase transition, not that of the brittle ice to water phase transition. This gives rise to artefacts of small pore sizes that may not actually be present. This work successfully uses a-polar liquids instead.
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Freeman, Elizabeth D. "Methylphenidate Conditioned Place Preference in Juvenile and Adolescent Male and Female Rats." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2293.
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This investigation was an analysis of the effects of methylphenidate (MPH; trade name: Ritalin) on drug reward using the conditioned place preference (CPP) behavioral paradigm in a rodent model and underlying mechanisms of this effect. Animals were conditioned in adolescence from postnatal day (P)33-39) or P44-49 with saline, 1 or 5 mg/kg MPH. Rats administered 5 mg/kg but not 1 mg/kg MPH, resulted in a significant preference that was more robust in younger male adolescent rats. The 5 mg/kg dose of MPH also resulted in a significant decrease of the dopamine transporter in both the nucleus accumbens and striatum, revealing dopamine clearance is decreased by MPH in brain areas that mediate reward. Finally, MPH-induced CPP was blocked by the dopamine D1 but not D2 antagonist, demonstrating the importance of the D1 receptor in the rewarding effects of MPH. These results demonstrate that dopamine mediates the rewarding effects of MPH in adolescence.
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Johansson, Jimmy. "Mechanical processing for improved products made from Swedish hardwood." Doctoral thesis, Växjö : Växjö University Press, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2457.
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Fonseca, Lorena Coutinho Nery da 1981. "Transporte de pólen de espécies ornitófilas e energia disponível para beija-flores em área de Mata Atlântica, Núcleo Picinguaba/PESM, Ubatuba, SP." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315378.
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Orientador: Marlies SazimaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O estudo das relações entre beija-flores e plantas, do fluxo polínico entre as espécies polinizadas e da área utilizada por estas aves é importante para melhor entendimento dos processos evolutivos que levaram a estas interações, além de fornecer subsídios para a conservação das espécies envolvidas. O presente estudo fornece informações sobre a distribuição temporal do recurso alimentar (néctar), a disponibilidade de energia no néctar e o transporte de pólen de espécies polinizadas por beija-flores em área de Mata Atlântica. O estudo foi realizado no Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, sudeste do Brasil, em área de Mata Atlântica de terras baixas. Os beija-flores foram capturados mensalmente com redes de neblina, anilhados e os grãos de pólen foram retirados com fita adesiva para análise em laboratório. Para verificar a distribuição do recurso alimentar ao longo do ano, foi registrada a fenologia floral das espécies ornitófilas de uma área com 5000m2. O volume e a concentração de açúcares do néctar das espécies foram medidos para o cálculo da quantidade de calorias disponíveis na área. Foram coletados estigmas de duas espécies de plantas (Canistropsis seidelii e Psychotria nuda) para verificar se há transporte de pólen interespecífico mediado por beija-flores. Foram capturadas seis espécies de beija-flores: Amazilia fimbriata, Florisuga fusca, Phaethornis ruber, Phaethornis squalidus, Ramphodon naevius e Thalurania glaucopis. Ramphodon naevius foi a espécie mais abundante e os dados de recaptura demonstraram que esta espécie permanece na área ao longo do ano. Foram registradas oito famílias com espécies ornitófilas: Bromeliaceae com 15 espécies, Gesneriaceae com três espécies, Rubiaceae com duas espécies e Acanthaceae, Fabaceae, Heliconiaceae, Loranthaceae e Orchidaceae com uma espécie cada. A disponibilidade de recursos variou ao longo do ano, o que influencia as áreas de forrageamento dos beija-flores. Segundo as estimativas realizadas, um beija-flor precisaria ao menos entre 0,37 ha e 4,7 ha para obter recurso (néctar) suficiente na área de estudo. Foram encontrados 31 morfotipos polínicos nos beija-flores, sendo Bromeliaceae a família que apresentou maior quantidade de morfotipos. As amostras apresentavam entre um e seis morfotipos de pólen e a maioria apresentou dois ou mais. Foram encontrados 29 morfotipos polínicos em Ramphodon naevius, cinco em Thalurania glaucopis e quatro em Florisuga fusca. Nos indivíduos de Ramphodon naevius que apresentaram sobreposição de grãos interespecíficos, houve predominância de um morfotipo por local de deposição. Houve deposição de grãos interespecíficos de pólen nos estigmas das duas espécies de plantas, porém o número de grãos interespecíficos foi baixo. Apesar de Ramphodon naevius transportar com freqüência grãos de pólen entre as espécies de plantas, na maior parte das vezes os grãos transportados em determinado local da cabeça pertencem, em sua maioria, a apenas uma espécie. O transporte de pólen entre espécies é baixo, embora seja frequente. É sugerido que este transporte interfira pouco no sucesso reprodutivo das plantas que participam desta interação
Abstract: Studies about bird and plant interaction, pollen transfer between bird-pollinated plants and the area used by hummingbirds are needed to improve our knowledge about the processes involved in bird-plant interactions and about their conservation. In this study, we provide information about temporal distribution of food resources (nectar), energy availability on nectar and pollen transfer between hummingbird-pollinated species in a lowland Atlantic Forest area. The study was conducted at Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, southeastern Brazil. Hummingbirds were captured monthly and received metallic bands. Pollen grains were collected from hummingbirds'bill and head with transparent tapes and then placed on a glass microscope slide for latter analyses. Records on the floral phenology of the ornithophilous species were made monthly in a 5000 m2 area. The quantity of calories in the nectar was estimated from the values of volume and sugar concentration. We collected stigmas from two species (Canistropsis seidelii and Psychotria nuda) in order to quantify the pollen transfer between the species. We captured six hummingbird species: Amazilia fimbriata, Florisuga fusca, Phaethornis ruber, Phaethornis squalidus, Ramphodon naevius and Thalurania glaucopis. Ramphodon naevius was the most abundant species and the data about recaptures through the year indicate that it is a resident species. We registered ornithophilous species from eight families: Bromeliaceae (15 species), Gesneriaceae (3 species), Rubiaceae (2 species) and Acanthaceae, Fabaceae, Heliconiaceae, Loranthaceae and Orchidaceae (one species each). The food resource availability varied through the year, influencing the size of the area used by hummingbirds. According to the estimations, a hummingbird would need an area of, at least, 0,37 ha to 4,7 ha to obtain enough resources. Hummingbirds carried 31 morphospecies of pollen grains and Bromeliaceae had many morphospecies. Each hummingbird carried from one to six morphospecies of pollen grains and most of them carried two or more of them. There were 29 morphospecies in Ramphodon naevius, five in Thalurania glaucopis and four in Florisuga fusca. Individuals of Ramphodon naevius that carried two or more morphospecies at the same place of its body had one morphospecies more abundant than the others. There was deposition of interespecific pollen grains on the stigmas of the studied species, but the number of interespeficif pollen grains was low. Despite transporting often pollen grains between species, Ramphodon naevius transported mainly one morphospecies on each part of its head or bill. The pollen transfer between species was low, although it was frequent. We suggest that the interespecific pollen transfer between these hummingbird-pollinated species may have little effect on its reproductive assurance
Doutorado
Biologia Vegetal
Doutor em Biologia Vegetal
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Finnskog, Erik, and Fabian Furberg. "Effektivisering av materialgenomflöde för ”Make To Order”- Företag." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Jönköping University, JTH, Logistik och verksamhetsledning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-46364.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the material flow and production effectiveness at a Make to Order companies. To answer the purpose two research questions have been formed; What challenges do MTO companies have regarding throughput? Which tools and standards are suitable to an MTO companies for an increased throughput? Method – The study is based on an abductive approach in which the authors have chosen to use triangulation to answer the purpose of the study. The data collection methods used are literature studies, interviews, observations and document studies. The authors have done a theoretical review in the relevant field in order to gain an insight into the theories that exist in the area concerned. An analysis has then been made based on the empirical data collected and linked to the theoretical framework. Findings – The findings the authors have come up with is that there is no given method or standard for MTO (Make to order) companies to implement. The authors, on the other hand, have come to the conclusion that it is about working with several models and standards parallel in order to have a greater impact on the material flow. It is also important to know what can be standardized and what cannot be standardized if the product variation and customization are high. Implications – This study has the implication of highlighting the challenges that MTO companies can face with a varying degree of customization. The study also highlights the complexity that exists for the material flow at MTO companies. In this study, the authors have developed a model for the case company over how their production layout can be adapted for a higher throughput. Limitations – The limitations found in this study is that it is done with only one case company where data collection has been done for a limited time. The result is therefore adapted to the case company, but a recommendation from the authors is that the study can be validated on similar activities.Syfte – Syftet med denna studien är att Undersöka materialflödets- och produktionseffektiviteten hos ett MTO-företag för ökat genomflöde. För att svara på syftet har följande frågeställningar legat i grund för syftet; Vilka utmaningar har MTO-företag med avseende på genomflöde? Vilka verktyg och standarder är lämpliga att tillämpa hos ett MTO-företag för ett ökat genomflöde i tillverkningsprocessen? Metod – Studien bygger på en abduktiv ansats där författarna har valt att använda sig av triangulering för att besvara studiens syfte. De datainsamlingsmetoder som använts är litteraturstudier, intervjuer, observationer och dokumentstudier. Författarna har gjort en teorigenomgång inom aktuellt område för att få en inblick i vilka teorier som finns inom det berörda området. En analys har där efter gjorts utifrån den empiri som samlats in och kopplat detta till det teoretiska ramverket. Resultat – Resultatet författarna har kommit fram till är att det inte finns någon given metod eller standard för MTO (Make to order) företag att implementera. Författarna har däremot kommit fram till att det handlar om att arbeta med flera modeller och standarder parallellt för att få en större påverkan på materialflödet. Det är viktigt att veta vad som kan standardiseras och inte ifall produktvariation och kundanpassningen är hög hos MTO-företag. Implikationer – Denna studie har som implikation att belysa de utmaningar MTO- företag kan ställas för vid olika grad av kundanpassning. Studien belyser även den komplexitet som finns för materialflödet hos MTO-företag. Författarna har i denna studie även tagit fram en modell för fallföretaget över huruvida deras produktionslayout kan anpassas för ett högre genomflöde. Begränsningar – De begräsningar som återfinns i denna studie är att studien är gjord med enbart ett fallföretag där insamling av data skett under en begränsad tid. Där av är resultatdiskussionen anpassad utefter fallföretagets verksamhet men en rekommendation från författarna är att studien kan valideras på likande verksamheter.
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Webber, J. Beau W., Philip Bland, John H. Strange, Ross Anderson, and Bahman Tohidi. "Why you can’t use water to make cryoporometric measurements of the pore size distributions in meteorites – or in high iron content clays, rocks or concrete." Diffusion fundamentals 10 (2009) 3, S. 1-3, 2009. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14092.
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Many porous materials have high susceptibility magnetic gradients in the pores, due to the presence of iron or other magnetic materials. Thus if probe liquids are placed in the pores they exhibit fast decaying signals with a short T2*. Usually the actual T2 of the liquids is also reduced, due the presence of paramagnetic ions in the pore walls.
The usual solution in NMR is to measure an echo (or echo train) at short times. However, recent work [J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 19, 415117, 2007.] has shown that water/ice systems near a pore wall form rotator phase plastic ice, with T2 relaxation times in the region of 100 to 200 ms. Thus if a NMR cryoporometric measurement is attempted with a measurement time significantly less than 1 or 2 milli-seconds, the result is to make a measurement based on the phase properties of the brittle to plastic ice phase transition, not that of the brittle ice to water phase transition. This gives rise to artefacts of small pore sizes that may not actually be present. This work successfully uses a-polar liquids instead.
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Đorđije, Doder. "Uticaj prekidnih režima na fenomene prenosa mase i toplote pri sušenju materijala sfernog oblika." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=110746&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Prikazana je procedura modelovanja prekidnog sušenja materijala sfernog oblika u tankom sloju, nakon čega je pokrenuta računarska simulacija procesa na osnovu predloženog modela. Zatim, odrađeno je eksperimantalno istraživanje, za šta su korišćeni svježe ubrani orasi u ljusci, bez komine. Nakon što je statistički potvrđena pouzdanost modela, on je iskorišćen kao baza formiranje modela za simulaciju sušenja u debelom sloju. Posle toga su urađeni eksperimenti i za druge materijale različitih osobina (krompir, bundeva i kestenje), da bi se izveli zaključci o mogućnosti energetske uštede u procesima konvektivnog sušenja u zavisnosti od fizičkih osobina materijala. Ovim istraživanjem pokazano je da su sa stanovišta uštede energije prekidni režimi konvektivnog sušenja preporučljiviji kod materijala koji imaju veću efektivnu difuzivnost.This research shows the procedure of modeling the intermittent drying of sphereshapedmaterials in a thin-layer, after which the computer simulation was done, basedon the proposed model. Тhe experimental investigation has been done, where thefresh collected in-shell walnuts had served as the main drying material. As the modelreliability was experimentally confirmed, it was used as а basis for creating а model fordeep-bed drying simulation. Afterwards, the experimental investigation was done forother materials as well (potato, pumpkin and chestnuts), in order to draw theconclusions concerning the possibility of energy saving in convective drying processes,as it depends on physical properties of a material. This research showed that, from theperspective of energy saving, it is more advisable to use an intermittent regime if amaterial has a higher effective diffusivity.
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Freitas, Helber Custódio de. "A influência dos transportes advectivos na estimatitiva do balanço de CO2 do ecossistema: um estudo de caso para a mata atlântica com uso de técnicas micrometeorológicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-17042012-145144/.
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Para este trabalho, foram realizadas observações de variáveis climáticas e medidas de fluxo de carbono, durante o período de 2008 a 2010, sobre uma floresta de mata atlântica, buscando estimar o balanço de carbono neste sítio experimental, com o objetivo de melhor compreender as trocas de CO2 entre esta floresta e a atmosfera. Para tanto, foram utilizadas técnicas micrometeorológicas de vórtices turbulentos associadas a medidas de transportes advectivos. Este estudo investigou uma área de características singulares, de intensos gradientes topográficos, na cidade de São Luiz do Paraitinga, estado de São Paulo, região sudeste do Brasil. Com vegetação de dossel irregular e circundada por encostas íngremes de até 30º (em distâncias de 50 metros), uma torre micrometeorológica com 60 m de altura foi instalada ao final de 2007. Em 2010, em uma segunda etapa do estudo, foi finalizado o sistema para medidas de fluxos advectivos composto por outras quatro torres de 27 m de modo a definir um volume de controle em uma das encostas próxima à torre micrometeorológica, assim como sugere a técnica utilizada ao considerar os transportes advectivos na equação da conservação de massa, o que caracteriza uma abordagem mais criteriosa em função do relevo. As análises mostraram que estes transportes 1. atuam na alteração da concentração de CO2, tanto na vertical como na horizontal; 2. apresentam ciclos diários e 3. estão bem correlacionados com o armazenamento vertical de CO2, elemento participante na determinação da produtividade primária líquida de uma vegetação monitorada com a técnica comumente utilizada. Considerados os erros inerentes nas estimativas, ao final de três anos de estudo, esta floresta de mata atlântica mostrou comportar-se como uma modesta fonte de CO2, podendo ainda atuar de forma neutra, mesmo tendo acumulados anuais estimados da forma tradicionalmente encontrada na literatura. Estes resultados concordam com outros obtidos em trabalhos independentes de igual teor científico realizados nesta mesma área investigada. Dessa forma, a exclusão dos transportes advectivos não penalizou o balanço de massa; considerá-los causaria maior incerteza nas somas anuais em função do período de dados disponível e da complexidade da sua determinação, como já discutido em outros trabalhos encontrados na literatura.For this study, observations of climate variables and measurements of carbon fluxes have been done between the years 2008 and 2010 above a brazilian Atlantic forest, aiming to estimate the carbon balance in this experimental site, in order to better understand the exchanges of CO2 between this forest and the atmosphere. To carry it out, micrometeorological eddy covariance technique was associated with advective transport measurements. This study investigated an specific area with intense topographic gradients located in São Luiz do Paraitinga city, São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil. Surrounded by vegetation with irregular canopy and steep slopes of up to 30° (at distances of 50 meters), a micrometeorological tower 60 m height was installed at the end of 2007. In 2010, the installation has been finished with four towers of 27 m height in order to define a control volume over one of the slopes near the micrometeorological tower, for measurements of advective flows as suggests the technique when advective transports are considered, from equation of mass conservation, which features a more careful approach regarding the relief conditions. The analysis showed that these transports 1. act on changes in CO2 concentration, both vertically and horizontally; 2. show daily cycles and 3. are well correlated with the vertical CO2 storage, a key participant element in determining the net primary productivity of vegetation when monitored by the technique as it is commonly applied. Considering the inherent estimated errors, at the end of three years of study, this forest was a modest source of CO2, and may also acts in a neutral way, even with annual estimated sums obtained as traditionally found in the literature. These results agree with those found through independent studies with considerable scientific content developed in the same investigated area. Thus, the exclusion of advective transport did not penalize the mass balance; consider them could cause greater uncertainty in annual amounts based on the available dataset and the complexity for its determination, as discussed in other works in the literature.
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GANTI, VAISHNAVI. "A PHARMACOKINETIC BASED STUDY TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE REPORTED COGNITIVE DEFICITS FOR 5-FLUOROURACIL AND METHOTREXATE IN MALE SWISS-WEBSTER MICE." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/262852.
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Pharmaceutical SciencesPh.D.
Chemotherapy related neurotoxicity is the decrease in cognitive function observed in patients receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer. For cancers with higher survival rates such as breast cancer, quality of life for patients after treatment cessation is a major concern. In studies performed in our laboratory, we reported cognitive deficiencies in male Swiss-Webster mice on administering 75 mg/kg 5-FU with 3.2 mg/kg MTX and these deficits were significantly greater than groups receiving either drug alone or in another higher dose combination. The probable mechanisms for the reported drug-drug interaction (DDI) between 5-FU and MTX could be either pharmacokinetic (PK) or pharmacological. Since the reported study consists of a combination of two drugs, it is imperative to determine if the PK of either drug was altered. On performing the PK based study we established the nature of the DDI to be PK based. We observed statistically significant changes for PK parameters clearance and apparent volume of distribution. Since, 5-FU and MTX are high clearance drugs, uptake transporters responsible for presenting the drugs to the clearing organs are the limiting factors for their clearance. Therefore, for any PK based interactions observed between 5-FU and MTX in the different dose groups a highly probable mechanism would be interactions at the site of uptake transporters. Based on the physicochemical properties of 5-FU and MTX and the results observed form the PK study, we hypothesized transporter-based interactions to be a probable mechanism for the observed DDI. From the transporter based studies we hypothesized 5-FU probably inhibited the uptake of MTX's transport across the blood brain barrier (BBB). To date the transport of MTX and other similar folates has not been characterized extensively. However, MTX is a very close analogue for reduced folates and therefore shares the transporter reduced folate carrier-1 (Rfc-1) expressed abundantly at the BBB, with endogenous reduced folates. Hence we hypothesized the decreased exposure of MTX in the presence of 5-FU would most probably be as a result of inhibition of uptake transporters such as Rfc-1. Finally, we developed a mathematical PK model for MTX to predict appropriately drug concentrations in the plasma and the brain tissue. The utility of the model was to support the hypothesized interactions responsible for the observed PK data. This models utility is to provide the PK component for the future PK-pharmacodynamic models, which would narrow the gap between the reported cognitive deficits and the PK results reported in this dissertation.
Temple University--Theses
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Frölin, Albin, and Carl-Marcus Bergman. "Effektivisering av ett internt materialflöde : En studie av ett internt materialflöde där strategin är make-to-order och produktionsupplägget är funktionellt." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Logistik och verksamhetsledning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53984.
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Bernot, Marc. "Transport optimal et irrigation." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00132078.
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L'objet de cette thèse est de modéliser et d'étudier des structures d'irrigation telles les nervures des feuilles, réseau sanguin, poumons,etc. Un modèle généralisant le problème de Gilbert Steiner est introduit ; on étudie alors les propriétés d'existence, de stabilité et régularité. Des algorithmes sont alors proposés pour la simulation.
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Andrade, Ernani Nery de [UNESP]. "Avaliação de procedimentos no manejo pré-abate de bovinos e bubalinos no Pantanal Sul Mato-Grossense." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96629.
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do transporte fluvial na incidência de lesões tissulares em carcaças de bovinos abatidos no Pantanal Sul Mato-grossense, por meio da quantificação do número e tamanho das lesões, bem como a identificação e determinação da idade das lesões em função do tempo ocorrido e a localização dessas lesões nos principais cortes comerciais brasileiros. Apurou-se que do total de 88 carcaças avaliadas, 83 (94,3%) tiveram uma ou mais lesões, totalizando 253 lesões que resultaram na remoção de 39,988 kg de carne, com média geral de 0,454 kg por animal ou 0,481 kg por animal considerando-se apenas os animais que tiveram lesões. Com relação ao tamanho das lesões, as maiores médias foram encontradas em animais oriundos das condições I e II. Foi encontrada a maior média em bovinos procedentes da condição II para a idade de lesões em carcaças. Foi constituída diferença na freqüência de lesões nos cortes comerciais nas condições avaliados. Conclui-se que o sistema de transporte dos bovinos no Pantanal influenciou a incidência de lesões, sendo o aumento da distância tempo de transporte associado ao à longa distância, jejum e maior número de interação homem-animal durante o manejo da fazenda até o frigorífico, provocaram maior número de lesões, porém de menor tamanho.
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of fluvial transport on the incidence of tissue bruises of beef cattle slaughtered in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul state, by quantifying the number and size of bruises, as well as their age related to the time spent and by locating the bruises in the main Brazilian commercial cuts. From a total of 88 carcasses assessed, 83 (94.3%) had one or more bruises, totaling 253 bruises, which resulted in the removal of 39,988 kg meat, with a general mean of 0,454 kg by animal or 0,481 kg by animal, considering only the animals that had bruises. Regarding the size of bruises, the highest means were found in animals submitted to conditions I and II. The animals submitted to condition II presented the highest mean of bruise age. A difference was established among the conditions assessed in terms of frequency of bruises in the commercial cuts. The results show that the system of transport of cattle in the Pantanal influenced the incidence of bruises. The increase of distances spent for transport, associated to fast and a higher number of interactions man-animal from the farm handling to the slaughterhouse, resulted in a higher number of bruises, although smaller in size.
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Fan, Yan, Ping Ping Chen, Ying Li, Kui Cui, Daniel M. Noel, Elizabeth D. Cummins, Daniel J. Peterson, Russell W. Brown, and Meng-Yang Zhu. "Corticosterone Administration up-Regulated Expression of Norepinephrine Transporter and Dopamine Β-Hydroxylase in Rat Locus Coeruleus and Its Terminal Regions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/955.
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Stress has been reported to activate the locus coeruleus (LC)-noradrenergic system. In this study, corticosterone (CORT) was orally administrated to rats for 21 days to mimic stress status. In situ hybridization measurements showed that CORT ingestion significantly increased mRNA levels of norepinephrine transporter (NET) and dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) in the LC region. Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting revealed that CORT treatment also increased protein levels of NET and DBH in the LC, as well as NET protein levels in the hippocampus, the frontal cortex and the amygdala. However, CORT-induced increase in DBH protein levels only appeared in the hippocampus and the amygdala. Elevated NET and DBH expression in most of these areas (except for NET protein levels in the LC) was abolished by simultaneous treatment with combination of corticosteroid receptor antagonist mifepristone and spironolactone (s.c. for 21 days). Also, treatment with mifepristone alone prevented CORT-induced increases of NET expression and DBH protein levels in the LC. In addition, behavioral tasks showed that CORT ingestion facilitated escape in avoidance trials using an elevated T-maze, but interestingly, there was no significant effect on the escape trial. Corticosteroid receptor antagonists failed to counteract this response in CORT-treated rats. In the open-field task, CORT treatment resulted in less activity in a defined central zone compared to controls and corticosteroid receptor antagonist treatment alleviated this increase. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that chronic exposure to CORT results in a phenotype that mimics stress-induced alteration of noradrenergic phenotypes, but the effects on behavior are task dependent. As the sucrose consumption test strongly suggests CORT ingestion-induced depression-like behavior, further elucidation of underlying mechanisms may improve our understanding of the correlation between stress and the development of depression.
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Andrade, Ernani Nery de 1976. "Avaliação de procedimentos no manejo pré-abate de bovinos e bubalinos no Pantanal Sul Mato-Grossense /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96629.
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Orientador: Roberto de Oliveira RoçaBanca: Mateus Jose Rodrigues Paranhos da Costa
Banca: Germano Francisco Biondi
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do transporte fluvial na incidência de lesões tissulares em carcaças de bovinos abatidos no Pantanal Sul Mato-grossense, por meio da quantificação do número e tamanho das lesões, bem como a identificação e determinação da idade das lesões em função do tempo ocorrido e a localização dessas lesões nos principais cortes comerciais brasileiros. Apurou-se que do total de 88 carcaças avaliadas, 83 (94,3%) tiveram uma ou mais lesões, totalizando 253 lesões que resultaram na remoção de 39,988 kg de carne, com média geral de 0,454 kg por animal ou 0,481 kg por animal considerando-se apenas os animais que tiveram lesões. Com relação ao tamanho das lesões, as maiores médias foram encontradas em animais oriundos das condições I e II. Foi encontrada a maior média em bovinos procedentes da condição II para a idade de lesões em carcaças. Foi constituída diferença na freqüência de lesões nos cortes comerciais nas condições avaliados. Conclui-se que o sistema de transporte dos bovinos no Pantanal influenciou a incidência de lesões, sendo o aumento da distância tempo de transporte associado ao à longa distância, jejum e maior número de interação homem-animal durante o manejo da fazenda até o frigorífico, provocaram maior número de lesões, porém de menor tamanho.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of fluvial transport on the incidence of tissue bruises of beef cattle slaughtered in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul state, by quantifying the number and size of bruises, as well as their age related to the time spent and by locating the bruises in the main Brazilian commercial cuts. From a total of 88 carcasses assessed, 83 (94.3%) had one or more bruises, totaling 253 bruises, which resulted in the removal of 39,988 kg meat, with a general mean of 0,454 kg by animal or 0,481 kg by animal, considering only the animals that had bruises. Regarding the size of bruises, the highest means were found in animals submitted to conditions I and II. The animals submitted to condition II presented the highest mean of bruise age. A difference was established among the conditions assessed in terms of frequency of bruises in the commercial cuts. The results show that the system of transport of cattle in the Pantanal influenced the incidence of bruises. The increase of distances spent for transport, associated to fast and a higher number of interactions man-animal from the farm handling to the slaughterhouse, resulted in a higher number of bruises, although smaller in size.
Mestre
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Grottker, Julia [Verfasser], Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Burckhardt, Claudia [Akademischer Betreuer] Steinem, and Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Brockmöller. "Expression von SLC-Transportern in Melanomzelllinien und Charakterisierung von MATE1 und OCT1 in ihrer Funktion als Zytostatikatransporter / Julia Grottker. Gutachter: Claudia Steinem ; Gerhard Burckhardt ; Jürgen Brockmöller. Betreuer: Gerhard Burckhardt." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1043939547/34.
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Rocha, Miriam Karla. "Otimiza??o de escalas de servi?o de tripula??es estudo de caso em uma empresa de transporte urbano na regi?o metropolitana de Natal/RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15036.
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This work aims to "build" rostering urban bus crews to minimize the cost of overtime. For this purpose a mathematical model was developed based on case study in an urban transport company in the metropolitan region of Natal. This problem is usually known in the literature as the Crew Scheduling Problem (CSP) and classified as NP-hard. The mathematical programming takes into account constraints such as: completion of all trips, daily and maximum allowable range of home and / or food. We used the Xpress-MP software to implement and validate the proposed model. For the tested instances the application of the model allowed a reduction in overtime from 38% to 84%
Este trabalho tem por objetivo construir escalas de servi?os de tripula??es de ?nibus urbano de forma a minimizar o custo com horas extras. Para tanto desenvolveu-se um modelo matem?tico por meio de um estudo de caso em uma empresa de transporte urbano na regi?o metropolitana de Natal. Este problema, de uma maneira geral, ? conhecido na literatura como Problema de Programa??o de Tripula??o (PPT) e classificado como NP-dif?cil. A programa??o matem?tica contempla restri??es tais como: realiza??o de todas as viagens, jornada di?ria m?xima permitida e intervalo de repouso e/ou alimenta??o. Foi utilizado o aplicativo Xpress-MP para implementar e validar o modelo proposto. Para as inst?ncias testadas o modelo apresentou uma redu??o da hora extra entre 38% e 84%.
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Notarjacomo, Márcia Helena Borges. "Escoamento da produção de açúcar a granel do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul destinado à exportação : um estudo de rotas e seus custos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/96381.
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O estudo trata do escoamento da produção de açúcar tendo objetivo analisar o processo de escoamento da produção de açúcar a granel do estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, destinado á exportação. Para tanto, foram estipulados objetivos específicos que correspondem aos dois artigos que constituem esse trabalho. O primeiro artigo intitulado “Escoamento da produção de açúcar a granel do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul destinado á exportação: um estudo de rotas e seus custos,” teve a finalidade de descrever as principais rotas utilizadas e sugerindo novas alternativas de percurso para escoar a produção aos portos brasileiros de Santos (SP) e de Paranaguá (PR). O segundo artigo intitulado “Custos logísticos no escoamento do açúcar de exportação: Um estudo de caso em uma usina sucroalcooleira da região de Dourados, MS”, teve objetivo demonstrar os beneficios de redução de custos com a utilização do transporte multimodal no escoamento da produção de açúcar destinado a exportação. A metodologia adota no primeiro artigo foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva, qualitativa e quantitativa e, como técnica de pesquisa adotou-se um número de vinte entrevistas estruturada e descritiva no segundo. Como resultado, no primeiro artigo foram identificadas rotas alternativas e modais que podem ser utilizados para o escoamento da produção de açúcar destinado a exportação; já o segundo artigo faz uma análise de percurso entre a usina/unidade produtora localizada no município de Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul exportadora de açúcar a granel destinado aos principais portos brasileiros Santos (SP) e de Paranaguá (PR) e seus custos para o escoamento.Dentro dos resultados obtidos,destaca-se a obtenção de redução de custos com a utilização da multimodalidade de transporte para escoar a produção com a rota sugerida: Dourados (MS) destino ao porto de Paranaguá (PR) via Sarandi(PR).The study deals with the evaluation of the flow of sugar production process of the “bulk sugar export” from Mato Grosso do Sul. In this context, specific objectives were stipulated in relation to the two articles that determined them. The first article entitled " Flow of sugar production in bulk from the State of Mato Grosso do Sul for export: a study of the routes and their costs objectively, it describes the main routes used suggesting new alternatives routes to transport the bulk flow of the sugar production to the Brazilian ports of Santos (SP) and Paranaguá (PR). The second article entitled "Logistics Costs and flow for sugar export”: The case study in a sugarcane mill located in the region of Dourados, MS: The case study“, was intended to demonstrate the benefits of cost reduction the use of multimodal transport in the flow of sugar production for export. The methodology adopted for the first article was conducted and it describes qualitative and quantitative as research, and as the technique applied on the second article; twenty (20) structured and descriptive interviews. As result, in the first article alternative routes and modes that can be used for the transportation of sugar production for export have been identified, whereas the second article analyses of the pathways between the production plant located in the municipality of Dourados, MS, and the exporting Brazilian main bulk sugar ports in Santos (SP) and Paranaguá ( PR ) and their export costs for. Within the obtained results, it is highlighted the accomplishment of the cost savings with the use of multimodal transportation to ensure the production with the suggested route: From Dourados (MS) to the port of Paranaguá ( PR ) via Sarandi (PR). Considering the distances in kilometers, the values paid to freight carriers and the modal combination of roads and railway modes were used to compare the values between the type’s freights for
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Souza, Cristiane Santos de. "Análise molecular e estrutural da proteína ligadora de maltose (MalE) de Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42132/tde-23102009-130040/.
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A captação de maltose em bactérias é feita por um sistema transportador do tipo ABC composto por uma proteína ligadora de substrato (MalE), duas proteínas transmembrana e uma ATPase. No presente trabalho descrevemos a clonagem, expressão e análise bioquímica e estrutural da proteína MalE da bactéria fitopatogênica Xanthomonas axonopodis pv citri (Xac) O gene malE de Xac foi clonado em vetor de expressão pET28a, a proteína recombinante foi expressa em Escherichia coli e purificada por cromatografia de afinidade ao níquel. Amostras da proteína solúvel foram analisadas quanto à estrutura secundária, interação com possíveis ligantes, estabilidade frente a diferentes condições físico-químicas. Ensaios de cristalização possibilitaram a obtenção de cristais em diferentes condições, um deles apresentou grupo espacial P6122, mas não foi possível resolver a estrutura. Com base nas estruturas conhecidas de ortólogos de MalE, geramos um modelo estrutural para a proteína de Xac e foram feitas análises quanto à interação com trealose e maltose. Modelos estruturais dos componentes transmembrana (LacF e LacG) e ATPase (UgpC) do sistema transportador de maltose de Xac também foram gerados. Os resultados representam uma contribuição importante para o conhecimento sobre a fisiologia e sistemas de transporte de Xac.Maltose uptake in bacteria is mediated by an ABC transporter comprising a substrate binding protein (MalE), two transmembrane proteins, and one ATPase. In the present study, we describe the cloning, expression and biochemical as well as structural analyses of the MalE protein of the phytopagen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv citri (Xac). The malE gene of Xac was cloned in the pET28a expression vector, the recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and, subsequently, purified by nickel affinity chromatography. Samples of soluble protein were analyzed regarding secondary structure, interaction with putative ligants and stability under different physico-chemical conditions. Crystallization trials were carried out under different conditions, one particular condition yielded crystal with a P6122space group, but the structure was not solved. Based on known ortholog structures, a structural model for Xac MalE was obtained allowing interaction with modeled threhalose and maltose. Structural models the transmembrane (LacF and LacG) and ATPase (UgpC) components were also obtained. The present results represent an important contribution to the knowledge of the physiology and transporter systems found in Xac.
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Dantas, Klayta Benigno Ramalho. "Transporte de subst?ncias atrav?s da membrana plasm?tica: com utiliza??o de um jogo did?tico digital para alunos do ensino m?dio." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ENSINO DE CI?NCIAS NATURAIS E MATEM?TICA, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24021.
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O entendimento dos professores sobre as principais dificuldades dos estudantes na aprendizagem de conceitos biol?gicos pode auxili?-los na utiliza??o de novas estrat?gias de ensino, que sejam motivadoras, possibilitando assim a constru??o do conhecimento e a aprendizagem de forma significativa. Novas estrat?gias de ensino s?o importantes potencializadores de aprendizagem, principalmente quando se trata de conte?dos abstratos e de dif?cil compreens?o, como ocorre com o estudo da citologia. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho consistiu da elabora??o e desenvolvimento de uma unidade did?tica (UD) sobre a morfofisiologia da membrana plasm?tica, envolvendo um jogo did?tico digital como ferramenta de avalia??o da aprendizagem. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com 36 estudantes da 1? s?rie do ensino m?dio na Escola Estadual Almirante Tamandar?- Extremoz/RN. O Percurso metodol?gico foi desenvolvido em cinco etapas: 1?) Elabora??o e planejamento das atividades da unidade did?tica de acordo com o calend?rio escolar; 2?) Identifica??o dos conhecimentos pr?vios dos alunos; 3?) elabora??o de um jogo did?tico digital para compor a UD; 4?) constru??o e aplica??o de uma UD baseada na aprendizagem significativa; 5?) avalia??o das possibilidades e limita??es da UD. A metodologia utilizada apresenta alguns elementos da pesquisa-a??o e para a coleta de dados foram utilizados question?rios, modelos, observa??o participante, al?m do desempenho dos estudantes no jogo digital. Foi utilizada a an?lise quanti-qualitativa incluindo alguns elementos da an?lise de conte?do. Os resultados demonstram que os estudantes do ensino m?dio apresentam um conhecimento escasso sobre a c?lula e sua morfofisiologia. A unidade did?tica contribuiu para a aprendizagem significativa quanto aos conceitos de citologia estudados, al?m de sensibilizar os estudantes quanto ao desenvolvimento de atitudes e procedimentos positivos. O jogo foi eficiente para avaliar a aprendizagem al?m de despertar a motiva??o e participa??o dos estudantes na resolu??o de quest?es. Portanto, a Unidade did?tica explorando o jogo did?tico digital constituiu uma experi?ncia de pesquisa em ensino que potencializou a constru??o de um produto educacional poss?vel de ser utilizado no ensino b?sico considerando o ensino-aprendizagem de transporte de subst?ncias pela membrana plasm?tica.
The understanding of teachers on the main difficulties their students face on learning biological concepts might aid them to adopt new motivating teaching strategies, thusly transforming significantly the students? learning process and their acquisition of knowledge. New teaching strategies are important enhancers of the learning process, mainly when it comes to complex abstract concepts, as those which occur on the study of Cytology. This way, the present work aimed at the crafting and application of a didactic unit (DU) on the morphophysiology of the plasma membrane, through a educational game as learning evaluation tool. This research was conducted with 36 students of the freshman year of high-school at Almirante Tamandar? State School, in Extremoz/RN. The method application was developed in five stages: 1st) Crafting and planning the didactic unit?s exercises in accordance to the original school schedule; 2nd) Assessing students? background knowledge; 3rd) Designing a digital educational game as part of the DU; 4th) Crafting and application of a DU based on the significant learning; 5th) Evaluation of the potential and limitations of the DU. The methods used demonstrate some of the elements of the research-action. As for the data collection, questionnaires, models, participant observations, and the performance of the students in the digital game were used. A quantitative/qualitative analysis was used, including the content analysis. The obtained results point at the students? scarce knowledge about the cell and its morphophysiology. The didactic unit contributed to a significant learning of the biological concepts discussed, and moreover, it promoted a positive student behavior. The game was efficient to evaluate their learning and to engage students into problem solving. Therefore, the Didactic Unit exploring the digital didactic game constitutes a teaching research experience which led to the manufacturing of an educational product that can be used on elementary schools considering the teaching-learning of substance transportation through the plasmatic membrane.
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Bergel-Hayat, Ruth. "La prise en compte de variables explicatives dans les modèles de séries temporelles : application à la demande de transport et au risque routier." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00432051.
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L'objet de la thèse est d'exposer une démarche méthodologique qui vise à prendre en compte, dans les modèles de séries temporelles, des effets exogènes mesurés à l'aide de variables additionnelles, et de l'illustrer par un certain nombre d'applications au secteur des transports. Dans ces applications, le pas de temps est le jour, le mois, le trimestre voire le semestre : il s'est agi de prendre en compte des effets exogènes, de nature transitoire ou de nature durable, qui se manifestent dans le court terme. La première partie de la thèse traite de la modélisation des séries temporelles. Nous situons le cadre formel des modèles auxquels nous nous intéressons, nous exposons la démarche suivie dans le cadre des modèles ARMA avec variables explicatives, puis dans le cadre des modèles markoviens avec variables explicatives en y détaillant le cas particulier des modèles structurels. Les deuxième et troisième parties de la thèse regroupent deux ensembles d'applications. Le premier porte sur des données de trafics, de voyageurs et de marchandises, agrégées par mode de transport ou par grande catégorie de réseau, et le second sur des données d'accidents corporels et de victimes de la circulation routière, agrégées par grande catégorie de réseau routier. La période couverte la plus large est 1970-2000. La plupart des applications intègre la prise en compte des effets transitoires, de nature climatique et calendaire, sur la demande de transport et sur le risque routier, et nous donnons dans la thèse les premiers résultats détaillés démontrant pour la France la significativité du facteur climatique sur le bilan routier national, mesuré en nombres d'accidents corporels et de tués
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Peres, Karen Regina. "Emprego tópico de prostaglandina da família E ou de análogo com o intuito de acelerar a migração de embriões eqüinos para o útero e imunolocalização dos respectivos receptores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-23012009-160254/.
Full textAbstract:
Ao contrário de outras espécies de animais domésticos, na égua os embriões descem tardiamente para o útero, creditando-se isto a uma dependência da PGE2. Conseqüentemente, são recuperados embriões que já estão em fases mais avançadas de desenvolvimento (blastocisto e blastocisto expandido) e com um tamanho que normalmente ultrapassa os 300 micrômetros quando a colheita é realizada após o 6º dia. Isto reflete em um insucesso nos protocolos de criopreservação embrionária. Em razão deste problema, testou-se a eficácia da aplicação da PGE2 por dois métodos (experimento I) e a eficácia da PGE1 e do análogo misoprostol (experimento II) na promoção da recuperação antecipada de embriões. Os dois experimentos foram realizados em éguas superestimuladas com Extrato de Pituitária Eqüina. No primeiro experimento, no 4º dia após a ovulação (D4), duas éguas foram submetidas à laparoscopia pela fossa paralombar para a deposição de 0,2 mg de PGE2 em gel sobre a tuba uterina e em outras três éguas a PGE2 foi administrada topicamente sobre a junção útero-tubárica (JUT) com auxílio de uma pipeta flexível (método não-cirúrgico). Vinte e quatro horas após a deposição do gel (D5), para ambos os métodos, foi realizada uma primeira tentativa de recuperação embrionária sendo que não foram recuperados embriões. Uma nova tentativa foi realizada entre o D6-6,5, sendo que desta vez, foram recuperados dois embriões das cinco éguas (40%), um de cada grupo. No segundo experimento, duas aplicações de 0,2 mg de PGE1 100% (n=5) ou de misoprostol 1% (n=5) diluídos em gel foram realizadas na região da JUT, no D4, pelo método não-cirúrgico. Não foram recuperados embriões no D5 das éguas que receberam PGE1 (0/5) e apenas de uma delas foram recuperados dois embriões no D6-6,5. Do grupo que recebeu misoprostol recuperaram-se três embriões de diferentes éguas no D5 (3/5), sendo uma mórula e dois embriões de sete dias provenientes de ovulações não-sincrônicas. No D6, entretanto, foram recuperados oito embriões de todas as éguas (5/5) que receberam misoprostol, resultado que é significativamente superior (P=0,048) ao do grupo que recebeu PGE1 (1/5). Apesar do pequeno número de animais, foram recuperados 11 embriões das 12 ovulações que ocorreram nas éguas do grupo misoprostol, todos com diâmetro igual ou inferior a 300 micrômetros. No último experimento detectou-se qualitativamente por imuno-histoquímica os diferentes subtipos de receptores (EP1 a EP4) para as PGE no útero, na JUT e nos diferentes segmentos da tuba uterina das éguas, em todas as fases do ciclo estral e durante dois períodos da gestação, porém, há uma menor quantidade (P< 0,0001) de receptores do subtipo EP1 em comparação aos demais subtipos. Os resultados obtidos por imuno-histoquímica indicam que realmente parece ser efetiva a administração tópica de PGE na JUT pelo método não-cirúrgico e os resultados obtidos nos dois primeiros experimentos demonstram que apesar de não antecipar a descida do embrião eqüino para o útero, o protocolo utilizando misoprostol 1% em éguas superovuladas mostrou-se eficaz em aumentar de maneira significativa a recuperação de embriões de seis dias com características desejáveis para a criopreservação.Differently of any other ways of occurrence among the domestic animals, concerning mares, their embryos migrate in a delayed lapse of time to their uterus due to a correlation to the PGE2. Consequently, one extracts embryos which are already into some more advanced phase of their development (blastocyst and expanded blastocyst) normally exceeding 300 micrometers when their extraction is performed after the 6th day. This fact results into a failure concerning the protocols of embryonic cryopreservation. Regarding this problem, the effectiveness of applying PGE2 using two different methods (experiment I) and the effectiveness of PGE1 and the analogous misoprostol (experiment II) for promoting the anticipated extraction of the embryos, were evaluated. Both experiments were carried on some superstimulated mares using Equine Pituitary Extract. Experiment I: after the 4th day after the ovulation (D4), two mares were submitted to laparoscopy through the flank for depositing 0.2mg of PGE2 gel on the oviduct; to three other mares PGE2 was topically applied on the uterus-tube junction (UTJ) with the aid of a flexible pipette (not-surgical method). Twenty and four hours after the gel disposal (D5) regarding both methods, a first attempt for extracting the embryos was unsuccessfully performed. Another attempt was performed between the D6-6.5, and this time two embryos were extracted from the five mares (40%), one of each group. Experiment II: two applications of 0.2mg of PGE1 gel 100% (n=5) or misoprostol gel 1% (n=5) were accomplished on the UTJ region, at D4, through the not-surgical method. There werent any extracted embryos at D5 from the mares which had received PGE1 (0/5) and there were just two embryos extracted from a mare at D6-6.5. From the group which had received misoprostol three embryos from different mares were extracted at D5 (3/5), being a morula and two embryos aged seven days, from not-synchronous ovulations. However, at D6, eight embryos were extracted from all of the mares (5/5) which have received misoprostol, a significantly superior result (P=0.0048) comparing to the group which received PGE1 (1/5). Although the small number of animals, there were extracted eleven embryos from the twelve ovulations into the group which received misoprostol, all of them with a diameter 300 micrometers. In the last experiment it was qualitatively detected by immunohistochemistry the different receptor subtypes (EP1 to EP4) for the PGEs in the uterus, on the UTJ and in the different segments of the oviduct, in all stages of the estrous cycle and during two periods of gestation; however, there is a smaller amount (P<0.0001) of the receptor subtype EP1 in comparison to the other subtypes. The obtained results by immunohistochemistry genuinely indicate that the topical application of PGE on the UTJ through a not-surgical method seems effective and the obtained results in the first two experiments show that even though it doesnt anticipate the embryos migration to the uterus, the protocol using misoprostol 1% in superstimulated mares was significantly effective for increasing the extraction of embryos aged six days with desirable characteristics for the cryopreservation.