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Journal articles on the topic 'Mate searching'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Rosenfeld, Michael J., and Reuben J. Thomas. "Searching for a Mate." American Sociological Review 77, no. 4 (June 13, 2012): 523–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122412448050.

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This article explores how the efficiency of Internet search is changing the way Americans find romantic partners. We use a new data source, the How Couples Meet and Stay Together survey. Results show that for 60 years, family and grade school have been steadily declining in their influence over the dating market. In the past 15 years, the rise of the Internet has partly displaced not only family and school, but also neighborhood, friends, and the workplace as venues for meeting partners. The Internet increasingly allows Americans to meet and form relationships with perfect strangers, that is, people with whom they had no previous social tie. Individuals who face a thin market for potential partners, such as gays, lesbians, and middle-aged heterosexuals, are especially likely to meet partners online. One result of the increasing importance of the Internet in meeting partners is that adults with Internet access at home are substantially more likely to have partners, even after controlling for other factors. Partnership rate has increased during the Internet era (consistent with Internet efficiency of search) for same-sex couples, but the heterosexual partnership rate has been flat.

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2

Woolbright, Lawrence L., Elle J. Greene, and George C. Rapp. "Density-dependent mate searching strategies of male woodfrogs." Animal Behaviour 40, no. 1 (July 1990): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80673-6.

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3

Pleck, Elizabeth H. "Searching for a Soul Mate." Reviews in American History 49, no. 4 (2021): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rah.2021.0054.

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4

Barrios, Arantza, Stephen Nurrish, and Scott W. Emmons. "Sensory Regulation of C. elegans Male Mate-Searching Behavior." Current Biology 18, no. 23 (December 2008): 1865–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.050.

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5

Koranyi, Nicolas, and Klaus Rothermund. "Interactive Self-Regulation During Mate Searching." Zeitschrift für Psychologie 220, no. 3 (January 2012): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000113.

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The present research analyzed automatic self-regulation during mate searching. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that in a dating context, individuals who are currently looking for a mate show increased automatic attention allocation (focusing effect) to faces of opposite-sex others who display signs of reciprocal romantic interest. We tested this hypothesis in a longitudinal dating study by analyzing intra-individual change in attention allocation to romantic reciprocators and non-reciprocators. Attention allocation was assessed using a visual cueing paradigm prior to and after the announcement of mutual interest in a date between two participants of the study. In line with our hypothesis, focusing effects were obtained selectively for romantic reciprocators. This focusing effect was restricted to participants with a secure attachment style, indicating interindividual differences in adaptive automatic self-regulation processes during mate searching.

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Forbes, M. R., J. Sherman Boates, N. L. McNeil, and A. E. Brison. "Mate searching by males of the intertidal amphipod Corophium volutator (Pallas)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, no. 8 (August 1, 1996): 1479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-162.

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In this paper we describe the mate-searching behaviour of male Corophium volutator (Pallas), an intertidal amphipod. We expected male choice of mates because males invest in mating by mate guarding, and also because adult females greatly outnumber adult males at our study site. We predicted that males would choose large females carrying many eggs and females close to moulting or close to being receptive. We found that individual males "assessed" an average of ca. 5 females in their respective burrows before entering the burrow of a prospective mate. Males were more likely to cohabit with females that were close to being receptive than with females that were far from being receptive. Over the season, the size of mate-searching males declined, whereas the number of females encountered by males increased, which may relate to the seasonal distribution of receptive females. However, there were no differences in size between paired and unpaired females regardless of time of season. Our results support mate discrimination by males based on one criterion (stage of receptivity). The proximate and ultimate causes of the biased sex ratios of C. volutator need' to be determined before other predictions based on mate-choice theory can be made.

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7

Peso, M., E. Curran, and P. R. Y. Backwell. "Not what it looks like: mate-searching behaviour, mate preferences and clutch production in wandering and territory-holding female fiddler crabs." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 8 (August 2016): 160339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160339.

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Risks inherent in mate-searching have led to the assumption that females moving sequentially through populations of courting males are sexually receptive, but this may not be true. We examined two types of fiddler crab females: wanderers moving through the population of courting males and residents that were occupying and defending their own territories. Sometimes residents leave territories to look for new burrows and we simulated this by displacing wanderers and residents and observing their behaviour while wandering. We predicted that the displaced wanderers would exhibit more mate-searching behaviours than resident females. However, wandering and resident females behaved nearly identically, displaying mate-searching behaviours and demonstrating matching mate preferences. Also, males behaved the same way towards both female types and similar proportions of wanderers and residents stayed in a male's burrow to mate. But more wanderers than residents produced egg clutches when choosing a burrow containing a male, suggesting females should be categorized as receptive and non-receptive. Visiting and rejecting several males is not the defining feature of female mate choice. Moving across the mudflat by approaching and leaving a succession of burrows (mostly occupied by males) is an adaptive anti-predator behaviour that is useful in the contexts of mate-searching and territory-searching.

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8

Uy, J. Albert C., Gail L. Patricelli, and Gerald Borgia. "Dynamic mate-searching tactic allows female satin bowerbirdsPtilonorhynchus violaceusto reduce searching." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 267, no. 1440 (February 7, 2000): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2000.0994.

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9

Scott, Catherine E., Sean McCann, and Maydianne C. B. Andrade. "Male black widows parasitize mate-searching effort of rivals to find females faster." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1908 (July 31, 2019): 20191470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1470.

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Mate-searching success is a critical precursor to mating, but there is a dearth of research on traits and tactics that confer a competitive advantage in finding potential mates. Theory and available empirical evidence suggest that males locate mates using mate-attraction signals produced by receptive females (personal information) and avoid inadvertently produced cues from rival males (social information) that indicate a female has probably already mated. Here, we show that western black widow males use both kinds of information to find females efficiently, parasitizing the searching effort of rivals in a way that guarantees competition over mating after reaching a female's web. This tactic may be adaptive because female receptivity is transient, and we show that (i) mate searching is risky (88% mortality) and (ii) a strongly male-biased operational sex ratio (from 1.2 : 1 to more than 10 : 1) makes competition inevitable. Males with access to rivals' silk trails moved at higher speeds than those with only personal information, and located females even when personal information was unreliable or absent. We show that following rivals can increase the potential for sexual selection on females as well as males and argue it may be more widespread in nature than is currently realized.

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10

Okuyama, Junichi, Shiro Kagawa, and Nobuaki Arai. "Random Mate Searching: Male Sea Turtle Targets Juvenile for Mating Behavior." Chelonian Conservation and Biology 13, no. 2 (December 2014): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2744/ccb-1086.1.

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11

deRivera, C. E. "Male versus female mate searching in fiddler crabs: a comparative analysis." Behavioral Ecology 12, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/12.2.182.

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12

Vuckovic, Vladan. "Realization of the chess mate solver application." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 14, no. 2 (2004): 273–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor0402273v.

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This paper presents details of the chess mate solver application, which is a part of the author?s Geniss general chess application. The problem chess is an important domain connected with solving of the chess problems. The Geniss Mate Solver (G.M.S.) application solves Mate-in-N-move problems. Main techniques used for the implementation of the application are full-width searching with Alpha-Beta pruning technique and zero evaluation function. The application is written in Delphi for Windows programming environment and the searching engine is completely coded in assembly language (about 10000 lines). This hybrid software structure enables efficient program development by using high-level programming environment and the realization of a very fast searching engine at the same time. The machine code is manually coded and could achieve above 7 million generated positions per second on the 1Ghz Celeron PC.

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13

Fromhage, Lutz, Michael Jennions, and Hanna Kokko. "The evolution of sex roles in mate searching." Evolution 70, no. 3 (February 19, 2016): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evo.12874.

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Kokko, Hanna, and Bob B. M. Wong. "RETRACTED: WHAT DETERMINES SEX ROLES IN MATE SEARCHING?" Evolution 61, no. 5 (April 19, 2007): 1162–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00090.x.

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15

Kiørboe, Thomas. "Optimal swimming strategies in mate-searching pelagic copepods." Oecologia 155, no. 1 (November 8, 2007): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-007-0893-x.

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16

De Luca, Paul A., and Reginald B. Cocroft. "The Influence of Age on Male Mate-Searching Behaviour in Thornbug Treehoppers." Ethology 117, no. 5 (March 16, 2011): 440–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2011.01893.x.

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17

Guevara-Fiore, P., J. Stapley, J. Krause, I. W. Ramnarine, and P. J. Watt. "Male mate-searching strategies and female cues: how do male guppies find receptive females?" Animal Behaviour 79, no. 6 (June 2010): 1191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.02.027.

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18

Torsekar, Viraj R., and Maria Thaker. "Mate-searching context of prey influences the predator–prey space race." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1935 (September 23, 2020): 20201462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1462.

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Predation risk is a strong driver of prey distribution and movement. However, fitness-influencing behaviours, such as mating, can alter risk and influence predator–prey space-use dynamics. In tree crickets, Oecanthus henryi , mate searching involves acoustic signalling by immobile males and phonotactic movement by females. Space-use patterns in tree crickets relative to their primary predators, green lynx spiders ( Peucetia viridans ), should therefore depend on their current mate-searching state; whether males are calling or non-calling and whether females are phonotactic or non-phonotactic. We first measured the degree of spatial anchoring of crickets to specific bushes in the field and determined whether that influenced the probability of broad-scale spatial overlap with spiders. In the absence of spiders, all crickets, independent of sex or male calling status, were found to be spatially anchored to specific types of bushes and not uniformly distributed on the landscape. At the broad spatial scale, spiders were more likely to be found on bushes with female crickets and, to a lesser degree, calling male crickets. At a finer spatial scale within a bush, movement strategies of crickets not only varied depending on the presence or absence of a spider, but also on their current mate-searching state. Phonotactic females showed clear predator avoidance, whereas calling and non-calling males moved towards the spider instead of away, similar to predator inspection behaviour seen in many taxa. As the strongly selected sex, males are more likely to undertake risky mate-searching activities, which includes inspection of predator positions. Overall, we found that all crickets were predictably anchored at the landscape scale, but their sex and mate-seeking behaviour influenced the degree of overlap with predators and their antipredator movement strategies. Reproductive strategies within a prey species, therefore, can alter predator–prey space race at multiple spatial scales.

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19

J. Albert C. Uy, Patricelli, and Borgia. "Complex Mate Searching in the Satin Bowerbird Ptilonorhynchus violaceus." American Naturalist 158, no. 5 (2001): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3079294.

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20

Uy, J. Albert C., Gail L. Patricelli, and Gerald Borgia. "Complex Mate Searching in the Satin Bowerbird Ptilonorhynchus violaceus." American Naturalist 158, no. 5 (November 2001): 530–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/323118.

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21

Jonason, Peter K., Simone L. Betes, and Norman P. Li. "Solving mate shortages: Lowering standards, searching farther, and abstaining." Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences 14, no. 2 (April 2020): 160–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ebs0000174.

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22

deRivera, Catherine E., Patricia R. Backwell, John H. Christy, and Sandra L. Vehrencamp. "Density affects female and male mate searching in the fiddler crab, Uca beebei." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 53, no. 2 (January 2003): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-002-0555-2.

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23

Brown, William D., and John Alcock. "Hilltopping by the red admiral butterfly: mate searching alongside congeners." Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 29, no. 1-2 (December 31, 1991): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.332206.

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24

Díaz, Eliecer R., and Martin Thiel. "Chemical and Visual Communication During Mate Searching in Rock Shrimp." Biological Bulletin 206, no. 3 (June 2004): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1543637.

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25

Beani, L., and M. C. Lorenzi. "Different tactics of mate searching byPolistes biglumis bimaculatusmales (Hymenoptera Vespidae)." Ethology Ecology & Evolution 4, sup1 (January 1992): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03949370.1992.10721945.

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26

Nihongi, Ai, Sarah B. Lovern, and J. Rudi Strickler. "Mate-searching behaviors in the freshwater calanoid copepod Leptodiaptomus ashlandi." Journal of Marine Systems 49, no. 1-4 (August 2004): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2003.10.005.

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27

Holwell, G. I., P. J. D. Allen, F. Goudie, P. E. Duckett, and C. J. Painting. "Male density influences mate searching speed and copulation duration in millipedes (Polydesmida: Gigantowales chisholmi)." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 70, no. 8 (May 16, 2016): 1381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-016-2145-8.

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28

Castner, James L., and Harold G. Fowler. "DIEL PATTERNS OF LARRA BICOLOR (HYMENOPTERA: SPHECIDAE) IN PUERTO RICO." Journal of Entomological Science 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-22.1.77.

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Behavioral observations of Larra bicolor F., a sphecid parasitoid of Scapteriscus mole crickets, made in Puerto Rico differed significantly from records made in Brazil. Foraging and host-searching occurred over a greater daily period and were less severely affected by climatic conditions. Foraging adults, previously recorded only on Spermacoce verticillata L. and species of Hyptis, were also frequently found on Euphorbia heterophylla L. and Croton glandulosus L. Mate-searching is described and appears to be based on the attraction of males to a female-produced pheromone.

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29

Villagra, C. A., R. A. Vásquez, and H. M. Niemeyer. "Olfactory conditioning in mate searching by the parasitoidAphidius ervi(Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 98, no. 4 (February 25, 2008): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485308005671.

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AbstractDespite the fact that insect learning capacity has been broadly demonstrated, the role that this process plays during mate searching has been scarcely explored. We studied whether the sexual behaviour of a male parasitic wasp can be conditioned to the odours from two alternative host plant complexes (HPCs) present during its first copulation. The experimental subjects were newly emerged males of the aphid parasitoid,Aphidius ervi, and two alternative HPCs (alfalfa or wheat). In the training protocol, copulation experience corresponded to an unconditioning stimulus and HPC odours to the conditioning stimuli. The initial (just after eclosion) and trained responses were assessed in a glass Y-olfactometer. The results showed that neither alfalfa HPC nor wheat HPC stimuli elicited sexual-related behaviours in initial male responses. Conversely, both HPCs triggered strong attraction and wing fanning courtship behaviour in trained responses when the male was exposed to a female plus HPC during training. In males trained with females plus a given HPC but tested with the alternative HPC in the olfactometer, trained response showed a similar trend to the non-associative treatments. Hence, through learning, the olfactory stimulus context present during copulation could become a predictive cue for further mate searching. These results are discussed in terms of parasitic wasp ecology and host fidelity.

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30

Roth, Tobias, Philipp Sprau, Rouven Schmidt, Marc Naguib, and Valentin Amrhein. "Sex-specific timing of mate searching and territory prospecting in the nightingale: nocturnal life of females." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1664 (March 4, 2009): 2045–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1726.

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Formal models have shown that diel variation in female mate searching is likely to have profound influence on daily signalling routines of males. In studies on acoustic communication, the temporal patterns of the receivers' signal evaluation should thus be taken into account when investigating the functions of signalling. In bird species in which diel patterns of signalling differ between males singing to defend a territory or to attract a mate, the diel patterns of mate and territory prospecting are suggested to depend on the sex of the prospector. We simulated newly arriving female nightingales ( Luscinia megarhynchos ) by translocating radio-tagged females to our study site. The mate-searching females prospected the area mostly at night, visiting several singing males. The timing of female prospecting corresponded to the period of the night when the singing activity of unpaired males was higher than that of paired males. In contrast to females, territory searching males have been shown to prospect territories almost exclusively during the dawn chorus. At dawn, both paired and unpaired males sang at high rates, suggesting that in contrast to nocturnal singing, dawn singing is important to announce territory occupancy to prospecting males. In the nightingale, the sex-specific timing of prospecting corresponded to the differential signalling routines of paired and unpaired males. The temporal patterns in the behaviour of signallers and receivers thus appear to be mutually adapted.

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31

Brown, G. P., and P. J. Weatherhead. "Female distribution affects mate searching and sexual selection in male northern water snakes ( Nerodia sipedon )." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 47, no. 1-2 (December 3, 1999): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050644.

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32

Rogers, D. Christopher. "Mate-searching behaviour and sex pheromones inBranchinecta lindahliPackard, 1883 (Branchiopoda: Anostraca)." Journal of Crustacean Biology 39, no. 1 (January 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruy099.

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33

Estrada, Catalina, and Lawrence E. Gilbert. "Host plants and immatures as mate-searching cues in Heliconius butterflies." Animal Behaviour 80, no. 2 (August 2010): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.04.023.

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34

Legendre, Frédéric, Peter R. Marting, and Reginald B. Cocroft. "Competitive masking of vibrational signals during mate searching in a treehopper." Animal Behaviour 83, no. 2 (February 2012): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.11.003.

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35

Torsekar, Viraj R., Kavita Isvaran, and Rohini Balakrishnan. "Is the predation risk of mate-searching different between the sexes?" Evolutionary Ecology 33, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 329–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10682-019-09982-3.

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36

RODRIGUEZ, Luis C., Eric H. FAUNDEZ, and Hermann M. NIEMEYER. "Mate searching in the scale insect, Dactylopius coccus (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Dactylopiidae)." European Journal of Entomology 102, no. 2 (May 3, 2005): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/eje.2005.045.

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37

Saad, Gad, Aliza Eba, and Richard Sejean. "Sex differences when searching for a mate: A process-tracing approach." Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 22, no. 2 (April 2009): 171–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdm.620.

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38

Stark, Richard C., Stanley F. Fox, and David M. Leslie. "Male Texas Horned Lizards Increase Daily Movements and Area Covered in Spring: A Mate Searching Strategy?" Journal of Herpetology 39, no. 1 (March 2005): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2005)039[0168:mthlid]2.0.co;2.

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39

Proctor, H. C. "Effect of Food Deprivation on Mate Searching and Spermatophore Production in Male Water Mites (Acari: Unionicolidae)." Functional Ecology 6, no. 6 (1992): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2389961.

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40

Rutowski, Ronald L. "Postural Changes Accompany Perch Location Changes in Male Butterflies (Asterocampa leilia) Engaged in Visual Mate Searching." Ethology 106, no. 5 (May 2000): 453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0310.2000.00551.x.

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41

Bauer, Raymond T., and Joseph H. Abdalla. "Male Mating Tactics in the Shrimp Palaemonetes pugio (Decapoda, Caridea): Precopulatory Mate Guarding vs. Pure Searching." Ethology 107, no. 3 (March 2, 2001): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0310.2001.00636.x.

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42

Kleemann, Gunnar, Lingyun Jia, and Scott W. Emmons. "Regulation ofCaenorhabditis elegansMale Mate Searching Behavior by the Nuclear Receptor DAF-12." Genetics 180, no. 4 (October 14, 2008): 2111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.093773.

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43

Diesel, Rudolf. "Optimal Mate Searching Strategy in the Symbiotic Spider Crab Inachus phalangium (Decapoda)." Ethology 72, no. 4 (April 26, 2010): 311–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1986.tb00632.x.

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Martínez, Andrés S., Maité Masciocchi, Natalia Pisman, José M. Villacide, and Juan C. Corley. "Mate-searching behavior in the invasive German wasp, Vespula germanica , in Patagonia." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 166, no. 7 (July 2018): 555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eea.12701.

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45

Ng, Terence P. T., Mark S. Davies, Richard Stafford, and Gray A. Williams. "Mucus trail following as a mate-searching strategy in mangrove littorinid snails." Animal Behaviour 82, no. 3 (September 2011): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.05.017.

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46

Ubukata, Hidenori. "A model of mate searching and territorial behaviour for “flier” type dragonflies." Journal of Ethology 4, no. 2 (December 1986): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02348112.

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47

Kasumovic, M. M., and F. Seebacher. "Casual movement speed but not maximal locomotor capacity predicts mate searching success." Journal of Evolutionary Biology 31, no. 3 (February 7, 2018): 438–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13239.

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48

Ouyang, Haoyong, Pengxiang Wu, Runzhi Zhang, and Muhammad Haseeb. "Trade-off Investment between Tonic Immobility and Mate Search in the Sweetpotato Weevil, Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Brentidae)." Insects 11, no. 11 (November 9, 2020): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11110774.

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Tonic immobility (TI) is a well-known anti-predator strategy adopted by diverse preys. Numerous studies on the cost–benefit involve in TI have been reported. Although, some studies have reported the effect of mating behavior on TI, few studies highlight the phases of mate search. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between mate search and TI behavior in the sweetpotato weevil (SPW), Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Brentidae). First, we found the most active mate search period of male SPW within 24 h. Then, we measured whether the duration of TI of virgin male and female were affected during the mate search. In the end, the Y-tube olfactometer was used to compare the duration of mate search and the proportion of orientation towards the females in two artificial selection groups of the male SPW with longer and shorter duration of TI. Our study confirmed that male mate searching increase after 3 h at night, and up to 73% at midnight, TI was affected by mate search in male, because the duration of TI of the male during mate search (Mean ± SE = 214.53 ± 22.74 s) was significantly shorter duration than the control (679.64 ± 69.77 s). However, mate search did not affect the strength of TI in the females tested. This study determined that mate search was affected by TI due to males from the group with shorter duration of TI who had 28% higher proportion of orientation towards the females than the males with longer duration of TI. Investment trade-off between TI and mate search was confirmed in the males of the SPW.

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49

Groot, Maarten, Andrej Čokl, and Meta Virant-Doberlet. "Search behaviour of two hemipteran species using vibrational communication." Open Life Sciences 6, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 756–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-011-0056-2.

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AbstractThe ability of conspecifics to recognize and locate each other in the environment depends on the efficiency of intraspecific communication. We compared the mate searching strategies of southern green stinkbug Nezara viridula (male searches for a continuously calling female) and the leafhopper Aphrodes makarovi (partners form a precisely coordinated duet). Males of both species were tested on plants in playback experiments. One leaf was vibrated with unaltered conspecific female signals or with various conspecific signals using modified temporal parameters. The results showed that the onset of searching was faster in A. makarovi than in N. viridula. Changes in temporal parameters of female replies had negative effect on the searching behaviour of A. makarovi. Males located the source of longer female replies faster than the short female call and they failed to locate the source of a female reply with temporal parameters outside the species-specific values. In contrast, in N. viridula, searching males successfully located also the source of a female song with parameters outside the species-specific values. The results are discussed with regard to male behavioural strategies in species with different vibrational communication systems and different male mating investment.

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Etienne, Loïc, François Rousset, Bernard Godelle, and Alexandre Courtiol. "How choosy should I be? The relative searching time predicts evolution of choosiness under direct sexual selection." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1785 (June 22, 2014): 20140190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0190.

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Most theoretical research in sexual selection has focused on indirect selection. However, empirical studies have not strongly supported indirect selection. A well-established finding is that direct benefits and costs exert a strong influence on the evolution of mate choice. We present an analytical model in which unilateral mate choice evolves solely by direct sexual selection on choosiness. We show this is sufficient to generate the evolution of all possible levels of choosiness, because of the fundamental trade-off between mating rate and mating benefits. We further identify the relative searching time (RST, i.e. the proportion of lifetime devoted to searching for mates) as a predictor of the effect of any variable affecting the mating rate on the evolution of choosiness. We show that the RST: (i) allows one to make predictions about the evolution of choosiness across a wide variety of mating systems; (ii) encompasses all alternative variables proposed thus far to explain the evolution of choosiness by direct sexual selection; and (iii) can be empirically used to infer qualitative differences in choosiness.

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