Relevant bibliographies by topics / Matching unfamiliar faces

Academic literature on the topic 'Matching unfamiliar faces'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Matching unfamiliar faces"

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Megreya, Ahmed M., and A. Mike Burton. "Unfamiliar faces are not faces: Evidence from a matching task." Memory & Cognition 34, no. 4 (June 2006): 865–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03193433.

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Clutterbuck, Ruth, and Robert A. Johnston. "Exploring Levels of Face Familiarity by Using an Indirect Face-Matching Measure." Perception 31, no. 8 (August 2002): 985–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p3335.

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An experiment is reported in which participants matched complete images of unfamiliar, moderately familiar, and highly familiar faces with simultaneously presented images of internal and external features. Participants had to decide if the two images depicted same or different individuals. Matches to internal features were made faster to highly familiar faces than both to moderately familiar and to unfamiliar faces, and matches to moderately familiar faces were made faster than to unfamiliar faces. For external feature matches, this advantage was only found for “different” decision matches to highly familiar faces compared to unfamiliar faces. The results indicate that the differences in familiar and unfamiliar face processing are not the result of all-or-none effects, but seem to have a graded impact on matching performance. These findings extend the earlier work of Young et al (1985 Perception14 737–746), and we discuss the possibility of using the matching task as an indirect measure of face familiarity.
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Young, A. W., K. H. McWeeny, D. C. Hay, and A. W. Ellis. "Matching familiar and unfamiliar faces on identity and expression." Psychological Research 48, no. 2 (August 1986): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00309318.

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Kramer, Robin S. S., and Michael G. Reynolds. "Unfamiliar Face Matching With Frontal and Profile Views." Perception 47, no. 4 (February 5, 2018): 414–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006618756809.

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Research has systematically examined how laboratory participants and real-world practitioners decide whether two face photographs show the same person or not using frontal images. In contrast, research has not examined face matching using profile images. In Experiment 1, we ask whether matching unfamiliar faces is easier with frontal compared with profile views. Participants completed the original, frontal version of the Glasgow Face Matching Test, and also an adapted version where all face pairs were presented in profile. There was no difference in performance across the two tasks, suggesting that both views were similarly useful for face matching. Experiments 2 and 3 examined whether matching unfamiliar faces is improved when both frontal and profile views are provided. We compared face matching accuracy when both a frontal and a profile image of each face were presented, with accuracy using each view alone. Surprisingly, we found no benefit when both views were presented together in either experiment. Overall, these results suggest that either frontal or profile views provide substantially overlapping information regarding identity or participants are unable to utilise both sources of information when making decisions. Each of these conclusions has important implications for face matching research and real-world identification development.
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Young, Andrew W., Dennis C. Hay, Kathryn H. McWeeny, Brenda M. Flude, and Andrew W. Ellis. "Matching Familiar and Unfamiliar Faces on Internal and External Features." Perception 14, no. 6 (December 1985): 737–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p140737.

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Hole, Graham J. "Configurational Factors in the Perception of Unfamiliar Faces." Perception 23, no. 1 (January 1994): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p230065.

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Young et al (1987) have demonstrated that the juxtaposition of top and bottom halves of different faces produces a powerful impression of a novel face. It is difficult to isolate perceptually either half of the ‘new’ face. Inversion of the stimulus, however, makes this task easier. Upright chimeric faces appear to evoke strong and automatic configurational processing mechanisms which interfere with selective piecemeal processing. In this paper three experiments are described in which a matching paradigm was used to show that Young et al's findings apply to unfamiliar as well as to familiar faces. The results highlight the way in which minor procedural differences may alter the way in which subjects perform face-recognition tasks.
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Bruce, Vicki, Zoë Henderson, Craig Newman, and A. Mike Burton. "Matching identities of familiar and unfamiliar faces caught on CCTV images." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 7, no. 3 (2001): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1076-898x.7.3.207.

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Favelle, Simone, Harold Hill, and Peter Claes. "About Face: Matching Unfamiliar Faces Across Rotations of View and Lighting." i-Perception 8, no. 6 (November 29, 2017): 204166951774422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669517744221.

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Clutterbuck, R., and R. A. Johnston. "Demonstrating how unfamiliar faces become familiar using a face matching task." European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 17, no. 1 (January 2005): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09541440340000439.

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Barrett, Sarah E., Michael D. Rugg, and David I. Perrett. "Event-related potentials and the matching of familiar and unfamiliar faces☆." Neuropsychologia 26, no. 1 (1988): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(88)90034-6.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Matching unfamiliar faces"

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Dowsett, Andrew James. "Methods for improving unfamiliar face matching." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=228194.

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Matching unfamiliar faces is known to be a very difficult task. Yet, despite this, we frequently rely on this method to verify people's identity in high security situations, such as at the airport. Because of such security implications, recent research has focussed on investigating methods to improve our ability to match unfamiliar faces. This has involved methods for improving the document itself, such that photographic-ID presents a better representation of an individual, or training matchers to be better at the task. However, to date, no method has demonstrated significant improvements that would allow the technique to be put into practice in the real world. The experiments in this thesis therefore further explore methods to improve unfamiliar face matching. In the first two chapters both variability and feedback are examined to determine if these previously used techniques do produce reliable improvements. Results show that variability is only of use when training to learn a specific identity, and feedback only leads to improvements when the task is difficult. In the final chapter, collaboration is explored as a new method for improving unfamiliar face matching in general. Asking two people to perform the task together did produce consistent accuracy improvements, and importantly, also demonstrated individual training benefits. Overall, the results further demonstrate that unfamiliar face matching is difficult, and although finding methods to improve this is not straightforward, collaboration does appear to be successful and worth exploring further. The findings are discussed in relation to previous attempts at improving unfamiliar face matching, and the effect these may have on real world applications.
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McCaffery, Jennifer. "Unfamiliar face matching in the applied context." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16130/.

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Matching unfamiliar faces is a difficult task. Despite this, ID checks are the primary screening method for individuals wishing to access countries, employment and a range of financial and medical services. Those we might consider experts, such as passport officers, are no better at the task than general population. Individuals with superior unfamiliar face matching have been identified, but the range of ability remains large across expert and general populations alike. Even individuals with superior face recognition skills have not been consistently found to have superior unfamiliar face matching abilities. This suggests that unfamiliar face matching ability may be highly specific. It may also suggest that the unfamiliar matching tasks carried out in the lab are different from ID checks in the applied context. It is the aim of this thesis to investigate the nature of unfamiliar face matching in the applied context and identify ways in which performance might be predicted. In Chapters 2 and 3 participants are required to match unfamiliar faces shown with a passport context and to check the validity of the accompanying biographical information. The presence of a passport context biases viewers to identify face pairs as the same and presence of a face pair biases and reduces accuracy when checking biographical information. These findings demonstrate that applied error rates in unfamiliar face matching may well have been underestimated. In Chapter 4, a battery of tasks is used to identify predictors of unfamiliar face matching ability. The results show that unfamiliar face matching is positively associated with other face identity tasks. However, same and different unfamiliar face matching also associate with more general measures of local processing and space perception. These findings are tested in Chapter 5 and the theoretical implications of these results and methods for optimising unfamiliar face matching performance are discussed.
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Calic, Dragana. "From the laboratory to the real world : Evaluating the impact of impostors, expertise and individual differences on human face matching performance." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/91444.

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Evaluating Human Operator face matching performance in applied settings, such as airports, surveillance and access control settings would not only be logistically difficult, but it may not be possible due to many unknowns, such as the presence of impostors. Consequently, Human Operator performance has most commonly been evaluated experimentally, in well controlled laboratory settings. However, the question is, do the results obtained in the well controlled laboratory settings sufficiently reflect, and can they explain what happens in the real world? This applied problem has motivated the principal aim of this research to evaluate the feasibility of extrapolating one-to-one face matching performance findings from laboratory to the real world access control setting, and, in the process, support the development of an ecologically motivated performance evaluation methodology that could be used for future performance assessments, beyond the research reported this thesis. The approach taken to address this aim stemmed from the focus on identity verification or one-to-one face matching task, predominantly performed within access control settings. This focus helped identify numerous factors that may affect face matching performance within access control settings. As a result, this research evaluated the impact of impostor type and frequency, Human Operator expertise and individual differences on one-to-one face matching performance. A preliminary evaluation (Experiment 1) provided important methodological input into subsequent experiments. To address the principal aim, Human Operator face matching performance was first assessed within a simulated live access control setting (Experiment 2) which was subsequently replicated within a laboratory setting (Experiment 3). Experiment 3 also assessed the performance of an automated FR system performance to evaluate the usability of the current methodology beyond only assessing Human Operator performance. From a methodological perspective, this research emphasised the complexities associated with evaluating and understating applied face matching performance. Applied performance may be contingent on interplay of different factors, depending on the considered applied setting. Therefore, it may not be possible to assess and state one single “level” of Human Operator performance that would be relevant to all applied settings and tasks. Instead, Human Operator performance can be assessed in light of the different environmental and task constraints, with the focus on a set of factors. Applied claims need to be appropriately qualified by explaining the exact nature of the face matching task as well as any other factors that may have affected performance. Finally, having considered the impact of frequency and type of impostors, Human Operator expertise and individual differences, the main finding of this research showed that while overall face matching performance in the live and laboratory settings was equivalent, in the live access control setting, Human Operators were more inclined to indicate that two presented stimuli were a match, suggesting a confirmation bias. These findings are discussed in light of previous work.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 2013
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Putek, Sandra. "The Impact of Exposure Duration and Target Prevalence on the Confidence-Accuracy Relationship in Unfamiliar Face Matching." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/103511.

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This item is only available electronically.
Unfamiliar face matching is the process of determining whether different faces of individuals belong to the same or different person, and is crucial in a number of contexts including criminal identification, age identification and border security. A wealth of research however, suggests that it is highly error prone. Unfamiliar face matching is found to be reliant on different processes compared to familiar face matching, which contrastingly is performed quite well. As a result, it is important to enhance understanding of the underlying processes involved in order to determine valuable estimates of performance, and explore key factors which influence these. In line with previous research, this study aims to examine the effects of exposure duration and target prevalence which are vital factors in applied face matching settings. Eighty participants completed a one-to-one face matching task manipulating these variables. Results are analysed and discussed in terms of general face matching performance, as well as a confidence-accuracy calibration approach which is applied to overall, match and mismatch decisions. Exploratory signal detection analysis is also conducted to examine the effects further. The results suggest that neither exposure duration nor target prevalence have an impact on the confidence-accuracy relationship. However, a strong positive-negative asymmetry is observed for decision type, suggesting that confidence would not be a reliable indicator of accuracy for mismatch trials. Further research is recommended in regards to both manipulations, with the suggestion that a higher number of mismatch trials should be used. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 2016
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Books on the topic "Matching unfamiliar faces"

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Bindemann, Markus, ed. Forensic Face Matching. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837749.001.0001.

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Person identification at passport control, at borders, in police investigations, and in criminal trials relies critically on the identity verification of people via image-to-image or person-to-image comparison. While this task is known as ‘facial image comparison’ in forensic settings, it has been studied as ‘unfamiliar face matching’ in cognitive science. This book brings together expertise from practitioners, and academics in psychology and law, to draw together what is currently known about these tasks. It explains the problem of identity impostors and how within-person variability and between-person similarity, due to factors such as image quality, lighting direction, and view, affect identification. A framework to develop a cognitive theory of face matching is offered. The face-matching abilities of untrained lay observers, facial reviewers, facial examiners, and super-recognizers are analysed and contrasted. Individual differences between observers, learning and training for face recognition and face matching, and personnel selection are reviewed. The admissibility criteria of evidence from face matching in legal settings are considered, focusing on aspects such as the requirement of relevance, the prohibition on evidence of opinion, and reliability. Key concepts relevant to automatic face recognition algorithms at airports and in police investigations are explained, such as deep convolutional neural networks, biometrics, and human–computer interaction. Finally, new security threats in the form of hyper-realistic mask disguises are considered, including the impact these have on person identification in applied and laboratory settings.
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Book chapters on the topic "Matching unfamiliar faces"

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Bindemann, Markus, and A. Mike Burton. "Steps Towards a Cognitive Theory of Unfamiliar Face Matching." In Forensic Face Matching, 38–61. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837749.003.0003.

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The visual comparison of unfamiliar faces—or ‘face matching’—is utilized widely for person identification in applied settings and has generated substantial research interest in psychology, but a cognitive theory to explain how observers perform this task does not exist. This chapter outlines issues of importance to support the development of a cognitive account of unfamiliar face matching. Characteristics of the face, such as within-person variability and between-person similarity in appearance, are considered as the visual input upon which identification must build. The cognitive mechanisms that observers may bring to bear on faces during identity comparison are analysed, focusing on attention, perception, evaluation, and decision processes, including sources of individual differences at each of these stages. Finally, the role of different experimental and occupational contexts in understanding face matching and for optimizing theory development is discussed.
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Fysh, Matthew C. "Factors Limiting Face Matching at Passport Control and in Police Investigations." In Forensic Face Matching, 15–37. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837749.003.0002.

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Face matching entails a comparison between two faces that are unfamiliar to an observer, who must then decide whether these depict the same person or different people. Despite the ubiquity of face matching in practical settings, such as passport control and police investigations, laboratory research has established that this task is highly error-prone, and that many of these errors derive from visual characteristics of to-be-compared face stimuli. Such characteristics include factors such as image quality, lighting, and natural changes in personal appearance, which influence the visual correspondence between face stimuli. In this chapter, factors that are likely to limit face-matching accuracy in real-world settings are reviewed, with the aim of providing insight into how these influence the accuracy of this process and how subsequent errors may be mitigated.
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White, David, Alice Towler, and Richard I. Kemp. "Understanding Professional Expertise in Unfamiliar Face Matching." In Forensic Face Matching, 62–88. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837749.003.0004.

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Deciding whether or not two images are of the same unfamiliar face is an important task in many professions. These decisions are a critical part of modern identity verification processes with direct—and often profound—consequences for individual rights and the security of society. As a result, the public expect the people entrusted with these decisions to perform accurately. But do they? Here we review 29 published tests comparing face matching accuracy in professional and novice groups. Twelve of these tests show no significant differences between professional and novice groups, suggesting that merely performing the task in daily work is not sufficient to improve accuracy. However, specialist groups of facial examiners and police super-recognizers consistently outperform novices. Staff selection, mentorship, deliberate practice, motivation, feedback and training may all contribute to enhancing the performance of individuals working in these groups, and future research is necessary to delineate their relative contributions.
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Bindemann, Markus. "Epilogue." In Forensic Face Matching, 237–44. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837749.003.0011.

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This book has provided an overview of the latest developments and current understanding of forensic/unfamiliar face matching. Throughout this book, the scientific study of face matching has been contextualized through two important applied tasks—facial comparison at passport control and in police settings. These applied tasks are now considered in turn to draw together content from different chapters and highlight some of the key insights emerging from this book....
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Conference papers on the topic "Matching unfamiliar faces"

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Sotelo, Escoto E. A., T. Nakamura, T. Nagai, and Escamilla E. Hernandez. "Who Said That? The Crossmodal Matching Identity for Inferring Unfamiliar Faces from Voices." In 2012 Eighth International Conference on Signal-Image Technology & Internet-Based Systems (SITIS 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sitis.2012.154.

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McIntyre, Alex H., Peter J. B. Hancock, Charlie D. Frowd, and Vicki Bruce. "Seeing More Clearly with Glasses?: The Impact of Glasses and Technology on Unfamiliar Face Matching and Identification of Facial Composites." In 2010 International Conference on Emerging Security Technologies (EST). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/est.2010.30.

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