Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mastrie'
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Fonseca, Anna Carolina de Oliveira. "Obliteração de cavidades mastoideas com aloenxerto ósseo particulado congelado em cirurgias revisionais de otite média crônica colesteatomatosa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-04082016-163722/.
Full textObjective: Assess the control of suppuration after revision surgery with mastoid obliteration for chronic otitis media (COM) with cholesteatoma using particulated frozen allograft bone (PFAB). Study Design: Exploratory, prospective, case series. Patients: Ten adults were selected from among patients who had undergone canal wall down or canal wall up mastoidectomy for COM with cholesteatoma, and had an indication for revision surgery. Intervention(s): Revision mastoidectomy with obliteration of the open cavity was performed with PFAB, a low-cost filler material obtained from a tissue bank. Main Outcome Measure(s): The main outcome measure was the control of suppuration. Secondary outcome measures included PFAB integration in the mastoid cavity, presence of recurrent or residual cholesteatoma, hearing outcomes, postoperative complications as infection and bone graft extrusion and quality of life after the procedure using the Glasgow benefit inventory (GBI) survey. Results: Mean follow-up was 28 months. Seven patients achieved a dry ear at a mean of 8 weeks postoperatively. Three patients developed bone graft exposure followed by infection and extrusion of the filler material. Mean bone density was 755.35 Hounsfield units at the obliteration site measured at computed tomography performed after a mean of 31 months postoperatively. Percentage of mastoid volume obliterated was between 75% and 100% in 6 cases and between 50% and 75% in 1 case. In all 7 patients, there was an increase in bone density postoperatively. One patient presented with recurrent epitympanic cholesteatoma (0.5 cm) at 1 year postoperatively, but it was not in the obliteration area. At 12 months postoperatively, 80% of patients had preserved hearing. All patients had an improvement of quality of life after mastoid obliteration, the average score on the GBI was 52 in a scale from -100 to +100. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that PFAB may be used to achieve a dry mastoid cavity with good bone graft osteointegration and density maintenance
Manoel, Cristiano. "Avaliação morfometrica de cranios humanos brasileiros por meio de tres diferentes metodologias." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288447.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Metodos Craniometricos, tem sido regularmente aplicado na determinacao do genero em diversas regioes mundiais. Avaliar morfometricamnte o indice de confiabilidade de tre metodologias distintas para determinacao do genero na populacao brasileira. Foram avaliados 215 cranios humanos brasileiros com genero, idade e etnia identificados, pertencentes a Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo. Foram utilizadas as metodologias, do cranio, area do triangulo mastoideo e do forame magno, de acordo com os criterios, estabelecidos por Yscan & Steyn (1999), Kemkes & Gobel (2006) e Gunay & Altinkok (2000). Os valores obtidos foram submetidos a analise estatistica, calculo do coeficiente de correlacao Intra-classe, test t student, com nivel de significancia de 5%, regressao logistica multipla, odss Ratio, Mann-Whitney e ANOVA multivariada. A analise por meio do metodo craniometrico revelou que o genero influenciou (p<0,05) em todas as mensuracoes. Nao houve diferenca significante da posicao do processo mastoide entre os grupos etnicos e os generos (p>0,05), porem houve prevalencia do genero masculino sobre o feminino nas mensuracoes Po-Ms e As - Po (p<0,05). A analise estatistica (ANOVA e Tukey test) revelou que o genero influenciou na largura do forame magno, sendo os masculinos (30,3±0,20) maiores que os femininos (29,4±0,23), mas nao o comprimento (p<0,05). As tres diferentes metodologias empregadas apresentaram diferencas morfometricas entre os generos para as caracteristica craniofaciais do brasileiro. Portanto, em conjunto com outras tecnicas antropologicas pode contribuir para a determinacao do genero de individuos desconhecidos.
Abstract: Craniometryc methods, has been regularly applied, for providing assistance in the gender determination in various regions in the worldwide. To evaluate morphometrically the reliability of three differents methodologies for gender determination in Brazilian population. Were evaluated 215 Brazilians human skulls with gender, age and ethnicity previously identified, belong to the Federal University of Sao Paulo. The following methodology, the skull craniometry, triangle mastoid area and foramen magnum, according to the criteria established by Yscan & Steyn (1999), Gobel & Kemkes (2006) and Gunay & Altinkok (2000). The datas were submitted to statistical analysis, Intra-class correlation coefficient, student t test, with level significance 5%, multiple logistic regression, odss Ratio, Mann-Whitney and multivariate ANOVA. The analysis by the craniometric method showed that gender influenced (p <0.05) in all measurements, more in men than women. There was no significant difference in the mastoid process position between the ethnic groups and genders (p> 0.05), but there was prevalence of male over female in the measurements and the Po-Ms - Po (p <0.05). ANOVA and Tukey test showed that gender influenced the width of the foramen magnum, and the male (30.3 ± 0.20) higher than the female (29.4 ± 0.23) but not the length (p <0.05). The three differents methods show mophometric difference between sexes for the craniofacial characteristics of the Brazilian. Therefore, together with other anthropological techniques can help to determine the gender of unknown individuals and be used in assotiation with medical expertise and odontolegais.
Mestrado
Anatomia
Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental
Viduedo, Alecssandra de Fátima Silva. "Mastite lactacional: registro baseado em evidências." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-08052015-135042/.
Full textLactational Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast that may or may not be accompanied by infection, cause uncomfortable clinical manifestations, contributing to early weaning, burdening the cost in care, making it a public health problem. This study aimed to propose a new record form to women hospitalized for lactational mastitis in Ribeirão Preto, based on care practice and scientific evidence. Was developed in three phases, the first information sought for the treatment of women who required hospitalization in the public health hospitals in Ribeirão Preto in the \"Bloom a Life\" project, linked to the Breastfeeding Program of Ribeirão Preto, and hospital records, the second aimed sought scientific evidence for the treatment of lactational mastitis through integrative literature review and the third phase included a new proposal of a record form for women who require hospitalization in Ribeirão Preto. Phase I showed the profile of 114 women hospitalized for treatment of lactation mastitis in public reference hospitals between the years 2009 and 2013. A Sociodemographics characteristic of the data does not coincide with what has been described in the literature. Regarding obstetric data the study showed that the most affected are the primiparous women and the majority had some complication towards breastfeeding before hospitalization, 62 (54.4%) women had breast abscess, 27 (51.9%) of the breast milk was colonized by Staphylococcus aureus and 21 (18.4%) weaned as a result of the abscess. The treatment for lactational mastitis attached topical, systemic therapy and complementary medicine. Phase II selected nine articles that answered the question of the study between 2000-2013, the therapeutic lactational mastitis were with three categories: alternate with probiotics, conventional and abscesses. Phase III validated the new \"Registration Card assisting women with breastfeeding during hospitalization for breast complications\" with the agreement of experts from 80% to 100%. This study joined the healthcare practice and scientific evidence as a basis in formulating an instrument in order to identify unacceptable practices for lactational mastitis, providing healthcare professionals information on the development of best clinical practice
Yamamura, Aline Artioli Machado. "Mastite bovina causada por Prototheca zopfii." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, 2006. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000118531.
Full textThe bovine mastitis due to Prototheca zopfii has economic, social and public health importance, because it causes persistent infection, refractive to traditional therapeutic procedures, reduces significantly the milk production, besides to be considered zoonosis. This research had as objective the isolation of Prototheca spp. in bulk tanks, milk cans, cows with mastitis and herd environment, and to determine mastitis predisposing factors as well. Prototheca spp. was isolated in 10/81 composed samples of bulk tanks. Predisposing factors to Prototheca spp. were analysed in 13 milk herds from Paraná and São Paulo States. In these herds, 383 cows were examined, both Hostein breed and hybrid, and samples were collected from water, soil, free stall bedding material, swabs of teat cup rubbers, cattle, calves and swine manure. Prototheca spp. was cultured in Sabouraud?s agar and characterized according to cultural aspects and microscopic morphology. Out of the 13 herds studied, ten had Prototheca spp. isolated. In eight, the agent was isolated in milk samples of the bulk tanks, but only in three herds Prototheca spp. was isolated from cows and the environment. Out of the total of 383 cows examined, Prototheca spp. was isolated in 20 (5.2%) cows with mastitis, and 18 of them were characterized as P. zopfii. In four herds Prototheca spp. was isolated in the water of the drinking trough, supply, sewage and water puddled in the stable and milking parlor, from samples of samples of teat cup rubbers and manure from calves and swines. P. zopfii was identified in samples of cow pen soil, teat cup rubbers and manure of calves and swines. Through univaried analysis, predisposing factors associated with mastitis due to P. zopfii were: pasture system, pasture and silage feed, milking in stable, permanence of cows in the lounge without food after milking, raising of swines near bovine housing, presence of dogs, cats and rodents, milk storage in bulk tanks, equipment sanitation with hot water, use of alkaline detergent and acids, lack of hygienization of the teats with water, pre-immersion of the teats in small cups with antiseptic reflux, laboratorial diagnosis and antibiogram, utilization of vaccine against mastitis from bacterial origin, calves? feeding with clinical mastitis milk and the Hostein breed.
Souza, Guilherme Nunes de. "Fatores de risco para mastite bovina." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-8FVL79.
Full textFerrão, Sérgio Miguel Seara. "Dimensionamento de um mastro metálico." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8864.
Full textAtendendo á crescente utilização de mastros metálicos em diversas áreas cruciais para o desenvolvimento económico e para o bem-estar social, e aos custos para a sociedade associados à falha ou colapso destas estruturas, torna-se essencial assegurar a sua fiabilidade e segurança. Tendo em conta que, neste tipo de estruturas, a acção do vento é preponderante e que o mesmo tem uma natureza aleatória, podendo apenas ser objecto de análise no campo estatístico, a quantificação correcta desta acção é essencial para o cálculo estrutural e, consequentemente, para a segurança da estrutura. Nesse sentido, a acção do vento foi assumida, neste trabalho, como sendo uma variável determinante, pelo que foi dedicado um capítulo à exploração dos conceitos associados ao efeito da mesma em mastros metálicos. Na presente dissertação, foram abordadas metodologias de cálculo para dimensionamento deste tipo de estruturas, quer ao nível da verificação de segurança das secções resistentes, quer ao nível das ligações e das fundações do mastro. Foi ainda introduzida, neste trabalho, uma abordagem prática ao tema, tendo sido a metodologia abordada aplicada a um exemplo concreto de um mastro metálico tubular de 40 metros. Para efeitos do seu dimensionamento, e no que diz respeito às classificações das classes das secções, foram consideradas duas normas distintas (EN 1993-1-1 e EN 50341-1). Tendo em consideração que, para cada norma, correspondem diferentes classes de secção, foram abordados dois métodos no dimensionamento do mastro metálico: um previsto na EN 1993-1-1, para secções de classes 1, 2 e 3, e outro previsto na norma EN 1993-1-6, para secções de classe 4. Para além de uma análise estática apresenta-se, nesta dissertação, uma análise dinâmica com base no espectro de Davenport.
Sellera, Fabio Parra. "Fotoinativação de patógenos causadores da mastite bovina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-14112014-160048/.
Full textBovine mastitis stands out negatively on the world scenario due to the damage caused by its expensive treatment, being considered the main disease affecting dairy cattle. As an alternative to antibiotics, photodynamic therapy is presented as a therapeutic option in the treatment of local infections, which acts without any selection of resistant microorganisms. Its mechanism of action results from the interaction between a photosensitizing substance and light in the resonant wavelength, promoting the formation of reactive oxygen species, which have cytotoxic activity against micro -organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate, in vitro, the ability of photodynamic therapy to inactivate strains that cause bovine mastitis. Cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Corynebacterium bovis and Prototheca zopfii suspended in PBS were estimated by the turbidity of the suspension corresponding to a concentration of 107 CFU / mL, characterizing eight study groups: control (C), light - red LED (L) = 660nm / 2 minutes of irradiation (12.22J/cm2), BM (methylene blue - 1 mM ), PDT 5 seconds (0.50 J/cm2 ), PDT 10 seconds (1.01J/cm2), PDT 30 seconds (3.05 J/cm2 ), PDT 1 minute (6.11 J/cm2) and PDT 2 minutes (12.22 J/cm2) of irradiation. The groups treated with methylene blue and light alone had no cytotoxic effect on microorganisms evaluated. S. dysgalactiae, S. aureus, C. bovis were inactivated after 30 seconds of irradiation (3.05 J/cm2 ); S. agalactiae and P. zopfii were inactivated after 2 minutes of irradiation (12.22 J/cm2).
Sklenářová, Radka. "Možnosti využití různých druhů popílků při výrobě oxidovaných asfaltových izolačních pásů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392341.
Full textTsuji, Robinson Koji. "Uso do cimento de osso alfa-tricálcio-fosfato no tratamento cirúrgico da cavidade mastóidea. Estudo experimental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-24112008-124738/.
Full textIntroduction: Many authors consider open cavity mastoidectomy the surgical procedure of choice for the treatment of otitis media with cholesteatoma, due to the high incidence of recurrence of the disease. However, the formation of this open cavity can generate some complications and mastoid cavity obliteration is one type of technique for the elimination of this cavity. Alloplastic materials have been testes in mastoid cavity obliteration, however such materials can present problems of biocompatibility and rejection. Alphatricalcium phosphate bone cement is a material compose of calcium and phosphate and presents physicochemical characteristics similar to the bone mineral fase. Although it has been used for more than 10 years, there are no studies in the literature on its application in mastoid cavity obliteration. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility of alphatricalcium phosphate bone cement in the obliteration of the mastoid cavity in guinea pigs. Methods: We studied 20 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) submitted to surgical manipulation of the left dorsal tympanic bulla. In the study group animals (n = 10), mastoid cavity obliteration was conducted with alphatricalcium phosphate bone cement. In the control group animals (n = 10), the cavity was left unfilled. On postoperative day 60, the animals were sacrificed and studied for signs of rejection of the material and other complications. Temporal bones were removed for histopathological study, in which the type and degree of inflammatory response, as well as the degree of ossification, were analyzed. Results: The mortality rate was the same in both groups. Deaths were attributed to anesthetic complications in the initial postoperative period. In the animals that survived, there were no complications. The histological analysis of the degree and type of inflammatory response shown no signs of foreign body in both groups, 8 (100%) of the samples in cement group and 5 (62,5%) of the samples in control group presenting category I or II inflammatory responses that corresponds histopathologically to an inflammatory response that normally occurs in tissues submitted to surgical trauma. There were no histopathological signs of foreign body reaction in none samples of both groups. As for the study of the degree of ossification, the mean ossification in the control group (3.5) was greater than that shown by the cement group (1.0). The control group showed statistically significant (p < 0.01) higher degrees of ossification (mean 3.5 ± 0.5) when compared to the cement group (1.0 ± 0.0). Conclusion: 1) Alpha-tricalcium phosphate bone cement is biocompatible in the mastoid cavity of guinea pigs 2) Alphatricalcium fosfato bone cement undergoes bone remodeling but it doesn´t present osteoconductive properties
Alvarez, Juan Camilo Esguerra. "O homem como fator de risco da mastite." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-07072014-140757/.
Full textDespite the government legislation, of the industry´s programs for milk quality based payment, and the increased use of antibiotics, during the last decade more than 45% of the Brazilian dairy farms have presented SCC over 400.000, and the value does not diminish. Notwithstanding, within the same population and under the same conditions, there are herds of low and high SCC. Then, it is necessary to ask why is this happening. Mastitis is the cause of the high SCC, and mastitis is a multifactorial disease, therefore, the purpose of this research was to find out the differences between the properties with high and low SCC, and find out how the producer and the milker impact the SCC of the herd. For that purpose, structured questionnaires and checklists were applied in 68 farms, which were participating of the same quality-based payment program and were located in the same region. The herds were grouped in cases: farms with high SCC, SCC > 700.000, and controls: herds with low SCC, SCC < 250.000. The results suggest that the man is the main differential between farms. That the producer and the milker impact the SCC of the herd, and that the variables that better explain the chance of a farm to present low SCC, are the producer´s attitude and the milker\'s behavior toward mastitis. The results also showed that the milker\'s behavior depends mainly of the means and secondly, of his attitude. Therefore, to improve the milk quality, must be taken measures to modify the attitude and behavior of the man.
Cruz, Alexandra Manoela Oliveira. "Efeito da nisina sobre patógenos da mastite bovina." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2009. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5308.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Mastitis is considered the main disease of dairy cows and the major cause of economic losses in dairy farms around the world. In this study, the susceptibility to nisin of different bacterial isolates that cause mastitis in cattle was determined in vitro. Furthermore, the prevalence of nisin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus isolates was analyzed and changes in the cell surface contributing to the bacteriocin resistance phenotype was characterized. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to nisin indicated that most of the 250 isolates tested (87.6%), originated from cattle affected by clinic and subclinic mastitis, were susceptible to bacteriocin concentrations ranging from 3.195 μmol L-1 to 100 μmol L-1. Selected isolates of S. aureus that showed initial MIC values of 12.5 μmol L-1 (n=7) and 50 μmol L-1 (n=1), acquired resistance to nisin when grown in the presence of sublethal doses of the bacteriocin. Resistant isolates showed MIC 100 μmol L-1, and maintained their phenotype even after being cultivated for approximately 120 generations in culture media without nisin. Optical microscopy images indicated that nisin induced disaggregation of the typical arrangement of S. aureus cells. Atomic force microscopy images of S. aureus showed that the surface of sensitive cells had many irregulars regions, probably caused by the extrusion of the cytoplasm. On the surface of resistant cells, no significant changes could be observed in the cell envelope. However, signs similar to scars were seen, which could have been the result of alterations in the cell envelope related to the nisin resistance phenotype. Analyses of the fatty acids profile in the cell membrane of S. aureus did not show significant differences between isolates that were nisin- sensitive and nisin-resistant. However, cultures of nisin- sensitive and nisin-resistant S. aureus showed differences (P< 0.05) in hydrophobicity and net charge of the cell membrane, indicating that the resistance phenotype is influenced by several cell wall properties.
A mastite é considerada a principal doença das vacas leiteiras, e é responsável pela maioria das perdas econômicas na pecuária de leite no mundo todo. Nesse trabalho foi determinado in vitro o perfil de sensibilidade à nisina para diferentes espécies de bactérias causadoras de mastite em bovinos. Além disso, foi analisada a ocorrência de resistência à nisina em isolados de Staphylococcus aureus e caracterizadas as alterações nas propriedades de superfície celular que contribuíram para o fenótipo de resistência à bacteriocina. A determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) de nisina indicou que a maioria (87,6%) dos 250 isolados testados, originados de bovinos acometidos por mastite clínica e sub-clínica, foram sensíveis à bacteriocina dentro da faixa de concentração de 3,195 μmol L-1 e 100 μmol L-1. Isolados selecionados de S. aureus que apresentavam CIM inicial de 12,5 μmol L-1 (n=7) e 50 μmol L- 1 (n=1), adquiriram resistência à nisina quando cultivados na presença de doses sub-letais da bacteriocina. Os isolados resistentes apresentaram CIM 100 μmol L-1, e mantiveram o fenótipo de resistência mesmo quando transferidos por, aproximadamente, 120 gerações em meio de cultivo sem adição de nisina. Imagens de microscopia óptica indicaram que a nisina induziu a desagregação do arranjo típico de S. aureus. Imagens de S. aureus obtidas por microscopia de força atômica mostraram que a superfície das células sensíveis apresentou várias regiões irregulares, provavelmente decorrentes da extrusão de conteúdo citoplasmático. Na superfície das células resistentes não foram observadas deformações do envelope celular. Entretanto, observaram-se marcas semelhantes a cicatrizes que podem ter sido resultantes de alterações no envelope celular relacionadas à maior resistência à nisina. A análise do perfil de ácidos graxos de membrana de S. aureus não evidenciou diferenças significativas entre os isolados sensíveis e os resistentes à nisina. No entanto, as culturas de S. aureus sensíveis e resistentes à nisina apresentaram diferenças (P < 0,05) de hidrofobicidade e carga líquida de membrana, indicando que o fenótipo de resistência é influenciado pelas propriedades do envelope celular.
Wunder, Jr Elsio Augusto. "Mastite bovina : avaliação microbiológica do leite, com ênfase nas leveduras isoladas de casos de mastite clínica e subclínica, na região do planalto médio-RS, em 2005 e 2006." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11146.
Full textThe bovine mastitis is one of the largest problems of dairy herds in Brazil and all over the world, resulting in losses to producers, to the industry and to the final consumer. High production dairy herds were analyzed in Planalto Médio, Rio Grande do Sul, were 240 samples with clinical and subclínica mastitis were collected. There was the isolation of 250 bacterial agents in 218 samples (90,8%) and 65 yeast organisms in 39 samples (16,25%). There was identification of 10 genera and 12 species of bacteria, and 88% of the isolates were from genera Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium and Nocardia. There was the identification of 08 genera (29 species) of yeasts and 02 genera of yeast-like organisms (04 species), and 80% of the isolates were from genera Candida, Pichia, Cryptococcus and Rhodotorula. Only 03 samples presented pure growth of yeasts, the remaining was associated with bacterial isolations, which demonstrates an important relationship between yeasts and bacteria in the etiology of the mastitis. More than 90% of the yeast isolates had growth in temperatures above 37ºC, which demonstrates their pathogenic potential. It was verified that in this particularly region, the occurrence of mastitis caused by yeasts has a significant importance and are closely related with the bacterial agents' presence, the inadequate treatment with antibiotic products and udder’s health.
Kibickienė, Ingrida. "Mokyklos nelankymo priežastys, mastai ir pasekmių įžvalgos." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060512_092758-53117.
Full textBarbosa, Lucas Furtado dos Santos Pereira [UNESP]. "Impacto da mastite subclínica na reprodução de vacas leiteiras." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96668.
Full textOs objetivos destes estudos foram (1) determinar a sensibilidade (Se.) e especificidade (Sp.) de diferentes limiares de CCS para identificar mastite subclínica; (2) verificar o impacto do isolamento de bactérias causadoras de mastite e da CCS durante protocolo de transferência de embriões em tempo fixo (TETF) na P/TE de vacas em lactação. No Exp.1, 2.516 vacas Holandesas e Girolando (8 fazendas), foram submetidas a coleta de duas amostras de leite para análise de CCS e cultura microbiológica para determinar o crescimento bacteriano. No Exp.2, 1.397 vacas Girolando em lactação foram submetidas a um protocolo de TETF. Amostras de leite foram coletadas dois dias antes da TETF para cultura microbiológica e análise de CCS. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado nos dias 31 e 66. Os animais foram divididos de acordo com o isolamento apresentado, em 5 grupos experimentais segundo recomendações do “national mastitis council” (NMC): Gram-positivas ambientais (AB+; Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp, Micrococcus spp.,), Gram-negativas ambientais (AB-; Citrobacter freundii, Coliformes, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp.), Gram-positivas contagiosas (C+; Corynebacterium bovis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae), SCN (Estafilococos coagulase negativa) e...
The objectives of these studies were (1) determine the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of different SCC thresholds to identify subclinical mastitis, (2) assess the impact of microorganism causative of mastitis and SCC during fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET) protocol in P/ET in dairy cows. In study 1, 2516 Holstein and Girolando cows (8 farms) were enrolled. Two composite milk samples were collect from each cow, one for SCC analysis and other for bacteriological analysis. In study 2, 1397 Girolando lactating cows were subjected to a FTET. Milk samples were collected two days before the ET for bacteriological analysis and SCC. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed on days 31 and 66. The animals were split according to the bacterial growth in 5 experimental groups according to the recommendations of the National Mastitis Council (NMC): Gram-positive environmental (AB +; Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp, Micrococcus spp.), Gram-negative environmental (AB-, Citrobacter freundii, Coliforms, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp.), Gram-positive contagious (C+; Corynebacterium bovis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae), CNS (coagulase-negative staphylococci) and control (no bacteria growth). In experiment 1, three SCC thresholds (100,000, 200,000 and 400,000 cells/ml) were used to determine the Se. and Sp. in detect intramammary infection (IMI). The CNS were grouped with the control group for the analysis of study 2 because the growth of these agents is not usually associated with mammary gland disease. The cows were also classified into three groups according to the SCC: less than 200,000 cells/ml, between 200,000 and 400,000 cells/ml, and greater than 400,000 cells/ml. SAS PROC GLIMMIX was used for statistical analysis. For analysis P <0.05 was... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Junqueira, Nathália Brancato [UNESP]. "Mycoplasma bovis como agente causal de mastite clínica bovina." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151296.
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Mycoplasma spp., tem distribuição mundial e é um patógeno relevante em medicina veterinária. As mastites causadas por Mycoplasma spp. mais frequentes em grandes rebanhos leiteiros, porém este patógeno é subestimado no Brasil, onde se têm poucos relatos como agente causador de mastite, o que se deve possivelmente a quantidade reduzida de laboratórios que inclui a análise de M. bovis em sua rotina. Devido a necessidade de meios seletivos e de condições especiais para o seu isolamento. Diante disso um dos objetivos do presente estudo foi pesquisar a participação de Mycoplasma bovis na etiologia das mastites clínicas em amostras de leite de vacas de propriedades leiteiras de sete estados do Brasil, totalizando 561 amostras de leite, que foram cultivas em meio Hayflick adicionado de acetato de tálio a 0,01%, incubadas em ambiente de microaerofilia com 5% de CO2. Foram também submetidas a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para detecção de Mycoplasma spp. e Mycoplasma bovis. Pesquisouse também a microbiota aeróbica envolvida nas mastites, cultivando-se as mesmas amostras de leite em meios de ágar sangue bovino 5% e ágar MacConkey resultando 225 amostras positivas. Obtiveram-se 11 (1,96%) amostras positivas para Mycoplasma spp., no exame microbiológico, enquanto na detecção molecular obteve-se um total de 17 (3,03%) amostras positivas para Mycoplasma bovis. Pode-se concluir com os resultados obtidos pela presença e dispersão do Mycoplasma bovis nos rebanhos leiteiros avaliados, apesar de sua prevalência ser menor quando se compara com outros países, e ainda pela participação de outros patógenos aeróbicos com a associação de Staphylococcus coagulase negativa (17,6%) e Streptococcus dysgalactiae (11,7%) em 29% das amostras positivas para M. bovis.
Mycoplasma spp., has a worldwide occurrence and can cause severe pneumonia in calves and mastitis in lactating cows. The mastitis caused by Mycoplasma spp. are relatively common in large dairy herds. This pathogen, however, is still underestimated, especially in Brazil, with few reports of its occurrence as causative agent of mastitis due to small number of laboratories that include the M. bovis analysis as part of their routine. Such lack of analysis is due to the fact that such analysis requires selective means and special conditions for its isolation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to research the participation of Mycoplasma bovis in the etiology of clinical mastitis of dairy properties of the seven diferent states from Brazil. A total of 561 milk samples from animals with clinical mastitis were evaluated. The samples were grown on Hayflick broth added of thallium acetate 0.01%, incubated in microaerophilic atmosphere at 5% CO2. The samples were also subject to molecular evidence polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of Mycoplasma spp. and Mycoplasma bovis. The aerobic microbiota involved in the mastitis was also investigated, and the same milk samples were cultured in media of 5% bovine blood and MacConkey agar resulting in 225 positive samples. Colonies of Mycoplasma spp were isolated in 11 (1.96%) samples. The 561 milk samples included in this study were subjected to molecular detection for Mollicutes family, from which 17 (3.03%) samples were positive. All identified as positive were reassessed for the molecular diagnosis for Mycoplasma bovis. It can be concluded with the results of this research, the presence of Mycoplasma bovis in dairy herds evaluated, but with a lower incidence of this pathogen when compared to other countries, and 29% of the positive samples for M. bovis were also associated with other aerobic pathogens such as Staphylococcus coagulase negative (17.6%) and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (11.7%).
Barbosa, Lucas Furtado dos Santos Pereira 1986. "Impacto da mastite subclínica na reprodução de vacas leiteiras /." Botucatu :, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96668.
Full textBanca: José Carlos de Figueiredo Pantoja
Banca: Leane Oliveira
Resumo: Os objetivos destes estudos foram (1) determinar a sensibilidade (Se.) e especificidade (Sp.) de diferentes limiares de CCS para identificar mastite subclínica; (2) verificar o impacto do isolamento de bactérias causadoras de mastite e da CCS durante protocolo de transferência de embriões em tempo fixo (TETF) na P/TE de vacas em lactação. No Exp.1, 2.516 vacas Holandesas e Girolando (8 fazendas), foram submetidas a coleta de duas amostras de leite para análise de CCS e cultura microbiológica para determinar o crescimento bacteriano. No Exp.2, 1.397 vacas Girolando em lactação foram submetidas a um protocolo de TETF. Amostras de leite foram coletadas dois dias antes da TETF para cultura microbiológica e análise de CCS. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado nos dias 31 e 66. Os animais foram divididos de acordo com o isolamento apresentado, em 5 grupos experimentais segundo recomendações do "national mastitis council" (NMC): Gram-positivas ambientais (AB+; Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp, Micrococcus spp.,), Gram-negativas ambientais (AB-; Citrobacter freundii, Coliformes, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp.), Gram-positivas contagiosas (C+; Corynebacterium bovis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae), SCN (Estafilococos coagulase negativa) e ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objectives of these studies were (1) determine the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of different SCC thresholds to identify subclinical mastitis, (2) assess the impact of microorganism causative of mastitis and SCC during fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET) protocol in P/ET in dairy cows. In study 1, 2516 Holstein and Girolando cows (8 farms) were enrolled. Two composite milk samples were collect from each cow, one for SCC analysis and other for bacteriological analysis. In study 2, 1397 Girolando lactating cows were subjected to a FTET. Milk samples were collected two days before the ET for bacteriological analysis and SCC. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed on days 31 and 66. The animals were split according to the bacterial growth in 5 experimental groups according to the recommendations of the "National Mastitis Council" (NMC): Gram-positive environmental (AB +; Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp, Micrococcus spp.), Gram-negative environmental (AB-, Citrobacter freundii, Coliforms, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp.), Gram-positive contagious (C+; Corynebacterium bovis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae), CNS (coagulase-negative staphylococci) and control (no bacteria growth). In experiment 1, three SCC thresholds (100,000, 200,000 and 400,000 cells/ml) were used to determine the Se. and Sp. in detect intramammary infection (IMI). The CNS were grouped with the control group for the analysis of study 2 because the growth of these agents is not usually associated with mammary gland disease. The cows were also classified into three groups according to the SCC: less than 200,000 cells/ml, between 200,000 and 400,000 cells/ml, and greater than 400,000 cells/ml. SAS PROC GLIMMIX was used for statistical analysis. For analysis P <0.05 was... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Junqueira, Nathália Brancato. "Mycoplasma bovis como agente causal de mastite clínica bovina." Botucatu, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151296.
Full textResumo: Mycoplasma spp., tem distribuição mundial e é um patógeno relevante em medicina veterinária. As mastites causadas por Mycoplasma spp. mais frequentes em grandes rebanhos leiteiros, porém este patógeno é subestimado no Brasil, onde se têm poucos relatos como agente causador de mastite, o que se deve possivelmente a quantidade reduzida de laboratórios que inclui a análise de M. bovis em sua rotina. Devido a necessidade de meios seletivos e de condições especiais para o seu isolamento. Diante disso um dos objetivos do presente estudo foi pesquisar a participação de Mycoplasma bovis na etiologia das mastites clínicas em amostras de leite de vacas de propriedades leiteiras de sete estados do Brasil, totalizando 561 amostras de leite, que foram cultivas em meio Hayflick adicionado de acetato de tálio a 0,01%, incubadas em ambiente de microaerofilia com 5% de CO2. Foram também submetidas a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para detecção de Mycoplasma spp. e Mycoplasma bovis. Pesquisouse também a microbiota aeróbica envolvida nas mastites, cultivando-se as mesmas amostras de leite em meios de ágar sangue bovino 5% e ágar MacConkey resultando 225 amostras positivas. Obtiveram-se 11 (1,96%) amostras positivas para Mycoplasma spp., no exame microbiológico, enquanto na detecção molecular obteve-se um total de 17 (3,03%) amostras positivas para Mycoplasma bovis. Pode-se concluir com os resultados obtidos pela presença e dispersão do Mycoplasma bovis nos rebanhos leiteiros avaliados, ap... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre
BIANCHINI, Samy. "Etiologia da mastite caprina na região do Cariri paraibano." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2008. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5857.
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The mastitis is the main disease in milk flocks of the whole world for consisting in a problem of public health, besides causing great economic losses, becoming necessary to know the etiology agents of the clinical and subclinical mastitis of each region for adoption of hygienically measures adjusted and control of the illness. With the aim of esteem the frequency of the goat mastitis and to identify the main involved etiology agents in the infection of the mammary gland of milk goats on the Region of the Cariri Paraibano, 654 mammary halves of 327 goats was examined, from 15 properties. The mammary gland of the goats in lactation was examined and the milk submitted to the tild mug test and CMT test. Of the 654 samples, only one (0,15%) showed alteration in the tild mug test, indicating clinical mastitis, and 201 (30,70%) samples had positive (1+, 2+ or 3+) to the CMT test, being proceeded to the collection for lacto culture. Of the 201 cultivated samples, 45 (22,39%) showed bacterial growth. 6,88% (45/654) of the mammary gland examined had sub clinical mastitis. In the lacto culture, was isolated Staphylococcus spp (84,44%), Streptococcus spp (4,44%), Bacillus spp. (4,44%), Micrococcus spp. (4,44%) e Bastonete Gram negative (2,22%). It is concluding that goat mastitis on the region of the Cariri has the same characteristics of other regions of Brazil and world, been Staphylococcus spp. as the principal agent; and the CMT can be used as triage test, but the lacto culture is the most indicated method to diagnostic of milk goat sub clinical mastitis.
A mastite é a principal enfermidade em rebanhos leiteiros de todo o mundo por constituir-se em um problema de saúde pública, além de acarretar grandes perdas econômicas, fazendo-se necessário conhecer os agentes etiológicos das mastites clínicas e subclínicas de cada região para adoção de medidas higiênicas adequadas e controle da doença. Com o objetivo de estimar a freqüência da mastite caprina e de identificar os principais agentes etiológicos envolvidos na infecção da glândula mamária de cabras leiteiras na Região do Cariri Paraibano, foram examinadas 654 metades mamárias de 327 cabras, provenientes de 15 propriedades. A glândula mamária das cabras em lactação foi examinada e o leite submetido aos testes da caneca telada e do CMT. Nenhuma metade mamária apresentou alteração no exame clínico. Das 654 amostras de leite analisadas, uma (0,15%) apresentou alteração no teste da caneca telada, indicando mastite clínica, e 201 (30,70%) apresentaram algum grau de gelificação (1+, 2+ ou 3+) no teste do CMT, sendo procedida à coleta para lactocultura. Das 201 amostras cultivadas, 45 (22,39%) apresentaram crescimento bacteriano. 6,88% (45/654) das glândulas mamárias examinadas apresentavam mastite subclínica. Na lactocultura, isolou-se Staphylococcus spp (84,44%), Streptococcus spp (4,44%), Bacillus spp. (4,44%), Micrococcus spp. (4,44%) e Bastonete Gram negativo (2,22%). Conclui-se que a mastite caprina na região do Cariri Paraibano apresenta o mesmo padrão de outras regiões do Brasil e do mundo, tendo o Staphylococcus spp. como principal agente causal; e que o CMT pode ser utilizado como teste de triagem da saúde da glândula mamária caprina, mas a lactocultura é o método mais indicado para o diagnóstico da mastite subclínica em cabras leiteiras.
ALMEIDA, S. L. H. "ASSOCIAÇÃO Entre a Leucose Enzoótica Bovina e a Mastite." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7718.
Full textA Leucose Enzoótica Bovina (LEB) além de causar prejuízos econômicos acarreta em importantes alterações na imunidade. Isso, acabar por comprometer a resposta frente a outros agentes patogênicos, aumentando assim, a chance de desenvolvimento de outras doenças concomitantes, principalmente doenças infecciosas, entre elas a mastite. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se há associação entre a LEB e a mastite, além de determinar a prevalência da LEB e da mastite em vacas leiteiras na região do Caparaó, ao sul do Estado do Espírito Santo. Foram utilizadas 899 vacas mestiças, com aptidão leiteira em diferentes fases de lactação provenientes de propriedades localizadas nos 12 municípios que compõem a região do Caparaó Capixaba, no Sul do Espírito Santo. A detecção da mastite clínica foi realizada por meio da identificação dos sinais clínicos de inflamação na glândula mamária e pelo teste da caneca de fundo preto e a mastite subclínica foi diagnosticada pelo teste CMT (California Mastite Teste). O diagnóstico da LEB foi realizado por meio da técnica de imunodifusão em ágar gel (IDGA). Os resultados foram tabelados e demonstradas as prevalências por meio de análise descritiva. A análise estatística do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman foi realizado para verificar o grau de correlação entre presença de mastite, mastite clínica, presença de mastite subclínica e a LEB. As associações entre a variáveis dependentes (mastite, mastite clínica e mastite subclínica) e a variável independente (leucose) foram estimadas pela razão dos produtos cruzados- Odds Ratio (OR) e respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança. O teste Qui-quadrado foi utilizado para verificar a significância das associações. A prevalência para LEB encontrada no Caparaó, foi de 56,51% (508/ 899). Das 70 propriedades, 94,29% apresentaram pelo menos um animal positivo para a enfermidade. Foi observado a presença de mastite clínica e subclínica em 5,78% (53/899) e 44,27% (398/899) dos animais avaliados, respectivamente. Foram encontradas 61,24% (253/ 418) de vacas com mastite e positivas para LEB. A mastite (=0,088; p=0,008) e a mastite subclínica (=0,091; p=0,006) apresentaram correlação significativa positiva com a leucose à nível de 0,01 de significância. Enquanto que a mastite clínica (=0,077; p=0,021) mostrou correlação positiva com a leucose. O valor Odds Ratio (OR) variou de 1,101 - 1,874, 1,099 - 3,745 e 1,109 - 1,893 para mastite, mastite clínica e mastite subclínica respectivamente. Ou seja, a infecção pelo vírus da Leucose Bovina (BLV) aumenta as chances do animal infectado adquirir mastite, mastite clínica ou subclínica. Observou-se com este trabalho que animais com LEB tem cerca de 2,03% mais chances de adquirirem mastite clínica, e 1,45% mais chances de adquirirem mastite subclínica. Diante dos dados obtidos é possível concluir que o BLV encontra-se amplamente disseminado nos rebanho leiteiros da região do Caparaó Capixaba e as prevalências de mastite encontram-se elevadas. Além disso, constatou-se que a LEB pode aumentar as chances do animal adquirir mastite, seja ela na sua forma clínica ou subclínica.
Butt, Ali Azhar. "Low Temperature Performance of Wax Modified Mastic Asphalt." Thesis, KTH, Väg- och banteknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-49694.
Full textAlmeida, Jéssica Maria de Melo. "Avaliação do potencial antioxidante e osteoindutor do extrato do mastruz." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/1950.
Full textConsidering the use of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. in folk medicine for the treatment of bone fractures, and the knowledge that antioxidants may be related to bone health, this study was developed to examine the antioxidant activity and the influence of ethanol extract of leaves of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (EEC) on the in vitro differentiation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells. Phytochemical screening was performed for quantification of flavonoids, polyphenols and tannins and thus it was found that the EEC has a high tannin content (43.27% catechin equivalents) and the remaining classes are well represented (6.57% for polyphenols and 6, flavonides to 24%). The antioxidant potential of the EEC was evaluated by total antioxidant activity (CAT), reducing power, kidnapping of superoxide radicals and copper chelation tests. For in vitro osteoblastic differentiation analysis, cell viability and proliferation tests were performed by reduction of tetrazolium dye (MTT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and observation of the degree of matrix mineralization by von Kossa staining. The EEC showed antioxidant potential, notably for tests that evaluated CAT (equivalent to 120mg of ascorbic acid) and copper chelation (79.2% of chelation compared to EDTA ). Furthermore, the EEC was able to positively affect MC3T3 cells proliferation, providing 251% in comparison with control in the first 24 hours, at a concentration of 150 µg/mL. However, in none of the tests for osteoblastic differentiation was observed positive influence of EEC for the treatments. Thus, the EEC presented as a powerful antioxidant, but did not reveal an osteoinductive property. So, the possible involvement of EEC in bone repair may be related to other pathways, including the antireabsortive and angiogenic potential, among others, which were out of scope of this work.
Considerando o uso do Chenopodium ambrosioides L. na medicina tradicional para o tratamento de fraturas ósseas e o conhecimento de que compostos antioxidantes podem estar relacionados à saúde óssea, este trabalho foi desenvolvido a fim de analisar a atividade antioxidante bem como a influência do extrato etanólico das folhas do Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (EEC) na diferenciação in vitro de células pré-osteoblásticas MC3T3-E1. Foi realizada uma triagem fitoquímica para quantificação de flavonoides, polifenois e taninos e assim foi verificado que o EEC possui alto teor de taninos (43,27% equivalentes de catequina) sendo as demais classes bem representadas (6,57% para polifenois e 6,24% para flavonides). O potencial antioxidante do EEC foi avaliado por meio de testes para atividade antioxidante total (CAT), atividade redutora, sequestro de radicais superóxido e quelação cúprica. Para a análise de diferenciação osteoblástica in vitro, foi realizado o ensaio de viabilidade e proliferação celular por redução do corante de tetrazólio (MTT), o doseamento da enzima fosfatase alcalina (FAL) e a análise do grau de mineralização da matriz por coloração von Kossa. O EEC apresentou potencial antioxidante, principalmente para os testes que avaliaram a CAT (120mg equivalentes a ácido ascórbico) e quelação cúprica (79,2% de quelação relativa ao EDTA). Além disso, o EEC foi capaz de interferir positivamente na proliferação das células MC3T3, proporcionando 251% de proliferação em comparação com o controle nas primeiras 24h, na concentração de 150 µg/mL. No entanto, em nenhum dos testes realizados para a diferenciação osteoblástica foi possível observar influência positiva para os tratamentos com o EEC. Assim, o EEC apresentou-se como um potente antioxidante, mas não apresentou poder osteoindutor. Portanto, a sua possível participação no processo de reparação óssea pode estar relacionada com outras vias, incluindo o potencial antirreabsortivo, angiogênico, dentre outros, não analisados neste trabalho.
Silva, L?via Helena Moreira da. "Tratamento de mastite subcl?nica utilizando Terapia Fotodin?mica (PDT)." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/839.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
Experiments were carried out to adapt the technical photodynamic therapy (PDT) to the subclinical mastitis treatment in bovine. Two LEDs equipments were tested with manufactured acrylic fibers to penetration in the teats. Different energy densities were tested to development the methodology. The photodynamic therapy using low energy density was efficient to treat subclinical mastitis, it can be seen the reduction of mammary infection. The constructions the acrylic fibers to LEDs equipments were efficient, where it was possible to reach all interior of the mammary treated. The toluidine blue at 2,5% was efficient to light dispersal and in microbial activity. The energy densities (ED) used was efficient to the principal microbial agents of subclinical mastitis found in the present work. Staphylococcus coagulase positive was removed with ED 25J/cm2, Staphylococus coagulase negative were removed with ED 75J/cm2, Bacillus sp was removed with ED 100J/cm2, Streptococcus dysgalactiae bacterial total count was reduced when ED 200J/cm2 was used.
Foram realizados v?rios experimentos para adequar ? t?cnica terapia fotodin?mica (PDT) para o tratamento de mastite subcl?nica em bovinos. Foram avaliados dois aparelhos de LEDs adaptados com fibra de acr?lico para a penetra??o nos tetos. Varias densidades de energia foram testadas para o efeito desejado com o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia pr?pria. A terapia fotodin?mica utilizando baixa densidade de energia para tratar mastite subcl?nica foi eficiente posto que, houve redu??o na infec??o nos quartos mam?rios tratados. As adapta??es para adequa??o dos aparelhos LEDs para tratamento dos tetos afetados com mastite subcl?nica em bovinos foi eficiente permitindo que a irradia??o atingisse todo interior do quarto mam?rio tratado. O agente fotossensibilizante azul de toluidina a 2,5% foi capaz de desencadear o efeito desejado permitindo a dispers?o da luz e estimulando resposta antimicrobiana. As densidades de energia (DE) testadas reduziram os principais agentes microbianos isolados. Staphylococcus coagulase positivos foi eliminado com DE 25J/cm2, Estafilococos coagulase negativos com DE 75J/cm2, Bacillus sp. com DE 100J/cm2 e Streptococcus dysgalactiae diminuiu na contagem bacteriana total quando se utilizou DE 200J/cm2.
SILVA, L?via Helena Moreira da. "Tratamento de mastite subcl?nica utilizando Terapia Fotodin?mica (PDT)." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1961.
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CNPq
Experiments were carried out to adapt the technical photodynamic therapy (PDT) to the subclinical mastitis treatment in bovine. Two LEDs equipments were tested with manufactured acrylic fibers to penetration in the teats. Different energy densities were tested to development the methodology. The photodynamic therapy using low energy density was efficient to treat subclinical mastitis, it can be seen the reduction of mammary infection. The constructions the acrylic fibers to LEDs equipments were efficient, where it was possible to reach all interior of the mammary treated. The toluidine blue at 2,5% was efficient to light dispersal and in microbial activity. The energy densities (ED) used was efficient to the principal microbial agents of subclinical mastitis found in the present work. Staphylococcus coagulase positive was removed with ED 25J/cm2 removed with ED 75J/cm2, Staphylococus coagulase negative were , Bacillus sp was removed with ED 100J/cm2 , Streptococcus dysgalactiae bacterial total count was reduced when ED 200J/cm2 was used.
Foram realizados v?rios experimentos para adequar ? t?cnica terapia fotodin?mica (PDT) para o tratamento de mastite subcl?nica em bovinos. Foram avaliados dois aparelhos de LEDs adaptados com fibra de acr?lico para a penetra??o nos tetos. Varias densidades de energia foram testadas para o efeito desejado com o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia pr?pria. A terapia fotodin?mica utilizando baixa densidade de energia para tratar mastite subcl?nica foi eficiente posto que, houve redu??o na infec??o nos quartos mam?rios tratados. As adapta??es para adequa??o dos aparelhos LEDs para tratamento dos tetos afetados com mastite subcl?nica em bovinos foi eficiente permitindo que a irradia??o atingisse todo interior do quarto mam?rio tratado. O agente fotossensibilizante azul de toluidina a 2,5% foi capaz de desencadear o efeito desejado permitindo a dispers?o da luz e estimulando resposta antimicrobiana. As densidades de energia (DE) testadas reduziram os principais agentes microbianos isolados. Staphylococcus coagulase positivos foi eliminado com DE 25J/cm2, Estafilococos coagulase negativos com DE 75J/cm2, Bacillus sp. com DE 100J/cm2 e Streptococcus dysgalactiae diminuiu na contagem bacteriana total quando se utilizou DE 200J/cm
Lazzari, Andrea Maria. "Mastite induzida por staphylococcus aureus em bubalinos e bovinos leiteiros." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2012. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/12416.
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Avaliações da imunidade inata, do quadro clínico, da composição e produção de leite foram realizadas em vacas e búfalas submetidas à infecção intramamária por Staphylococcus aureus (SBP 09/10). Foram utilizadas 20 fêmeas primíparas, com um a dois meses de lactação, sendo 12 da espécie bubalina (raça Murrah) e 08 da espécie bovina (Holandês x Zebu), ordenhadas uma vez ao dia e com bezerro ao pé. As fêmeas foram mantidas a pasto, com água ad libitum e suplementadas com sal mineral e concentrado comercial. Os animais estavam livres de alterações clínicas e infecções nas glândulas mamárias. O experimento foi realizado em duas etapas, pré (Dia 1 a D3) e pós-inoculação (D4 a D14 e 30º dia pós-inoculação). No D3 foi realizada a inoculação intramamária de aproximadamente 1,0 x 103 UFC de S. aureus na glândula anterior esquerda (AE) e de salina esterilizada 0,85% na glândula anterior direita (AD). Nos dois períodos foram coletadas as seguintes amostras e realizados os seguintes exames e avaliações: coleta de leite para cultura; testes de caneca telada e California Mastitis Test (CMT); ordenha das glândulas inoculadas e não inoculadas para pesagem do leite, verificação da contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e avaliação da composição (lactose, proteínas totais, gordura, extrato seco total – EST e extrato seco desengordurado – ESD); coleta de leite para mensuração da citocina interleucina-1beta (IL-1β); avaliação da resposta sistêmica à inflamação através da aferição da temperatura retal, verificação do apetite e alteração na produção de leite e avaliação da resposta localizada à inflamação, através da aparência/consistência da glândula, CCS e características da secreção láctea. O processo inflamatório foi induzido na glândula AE de todos os animais. Foi observada migração mais rápida de células de defesa para a glândula mamária das búfalas e contagem máxima de células somáticas (CS) semelhante (p>0,05) entre as duas espécies, porém em momentos distintos. Ao final do experimento, o leite da ordenha completa das búfalas apresentava níveis fisiológicos de CS, diferente do leite da ordenha completa das vacas. Foi detectada alteração (p<0,05) nos teores de lactose e ESD, que apresentaram correlação negativa (p<0,05) com a CCS. Todos os animais desenvolveram mastite clínica superaguda. A bactéria foi recuperada de todas as glândulas inoculadas com o patógeno, sem diferença significativa no percentual de isolamento e no Log10 de UFC/mL de leite bovino e bubalino até o 11º dia pós-inoculação (D14). Diferença (p<0,001) foi verificada no 30º dia pós-inoculação, com recuperação da bactéria em 50% das vacas e 8,3% das búfalas. Reação ao CMT foi observada nas 24h pós-inoculação, de forma mais intensa nas búfalas, com 75% e 37,5% das reações positivas com intensidade 3+, respectivamente, em búfalas e vacas (p<0,05). Onze dias pós-inoculação, 100% das vacas e 50% das búfalas encontravam-se reagentes a esse teste. A CCS avaliada por método eletrônico e o CMT apresentaram resultados semelhantes, sendo que as búfalas reagiram mais intensamente que as vacas logo após a inoculação e apresentaram diminuição evidente da contagem ao final do experimento. As contagens eletrônicas de CS e o CMT revelaram correlação com a cultura bacteriana (p<0,001). Algumas alterações visuais no leite e na aparência/consistência da glândula foram verificadas nas primeiras 24h. Estes dois parâmetros foram mais intensos e persistentes nas vacas, que adicionalmente apresentaram lesão ulcerativa na glândula desafiada (25%). Diminuição de produção e alteração no apetite foram evidenciados já nas primeiras 24h pós-inoculação. Houve uma redução média de produção de leite de 37,33% nas búfalas e 47,17% nas vacas. Ao final do experimento observou-se um número maior de vacas (62,5% contra 25% das búfalas) com queda superior a 61% da produção inicial de leite (p<0,05). A elevação da temperatura retal foi verificada nas duas espécies, sendo que 100% das vacas e 91,6% das búfalas alcançaram temperaturas superiores à 39,6ºC. Os parâmetros da resposta local à inflamação e da resposta sistêmica à inflamação, utilizados para avaliar a severidade da mastite foram classificados em escores. A média dos escores foi mais elevada na espécie bovina (p<0,05). Ao longo do período de observação, verificou-se uma capacidade superior das búfalas em alcançar o status sanitário adequado, chegando, ao final do experimento, com os parâmetros avaliados mais próximos dos fisiológicos. A inoculação intramamária de S. aureus provocou elevação nas concentrações de IL-1β nas espécies bovina e bubalina. A evolução da concentração da citocina foi diferente para as duas espécies (p<0,05). As búfalas apresentaram uma elevação mais rápida e as vacas alcançaram uma concentração 1,57 vezes maior. O pico da concentração nas búfalas, ocorreu nas primeira 48h, com 0,413 ng de IL-1β por mililitro de leite. As vacas apresentaram um aumento menos expressivo nas 24h pós-inoculação e alcançaram a concentração máxima nas 72h pós-inoculação (1,061 ng/mL). Na espécie bovina houve correlação (p<0,05) entre a concentração da IL-1β no leite, CCS, resposta localizada à inflamação e temperatura retal. As espécies bovina e bubalina alcançaram contagens máximas semelhantes (p>0,05) de CS/mL de leite, porém com concentrações médias diferentes (p<0,05) de IL-1β/mL de leite, 1,061 ng/mL e 0,120 ng/mL, respectivamente. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Evaluations of innate immunity, clinical picture, milk composition and production were peformed in cows and buffaloes submitted to intramammary infection by Staphylococcus aureus (SBP 09/10). It was used 20 primiparous females between one to two months of lactation, being 12 bubalines (Murrah breed) and 08 bovines (Holstein x Zebu), milked once a day and with calf at foot. The females were kept on pasture with ad libitum water and supplemented with mineral salt and commercial concentrate. The animals were free of clinical alterations and infections in the mammary glands. The experiment was conducted in two stages, pre (Day 1 to D3) and post inoculation (D4 to D14 and day 30 post inoculation). On D3 it was carried out the intramammary inoculation of approximately 1,0 x 10³ UFC of S. aureus into the left anterior gland (AE) and sterile 0.85% saline solution into the right anterior gland (AD). In both periods the following samples were collected and the following tests and evaluations were performed: milk collection for culture; strip cup tests and California Mastitis Test (CMT); milking of the inoculated and non-inoculated glands for milk weighing, verification of somatic cell count (CCS) and composition assessment (lactose, total proteins, fat, total solids - EST and nonfat solids - ESD); milk collection to measure interleukin-1beta cytokine (IL-1β); evaluation of systemic response to inflammation by measurement of rectal temperature, verification of appetite and alteration in milk production, and assessment of localized response to inflammation by the gland appearance/consistency, CCS and features of the milk secretion. Inflammatory process was induced in AE gland of all animals. It was observed a faster migration of immune cells into the mammary gland of buffaloes and similar (p>0.05) maximum somatic cell count (CS) between the two species, but at different times. At the end of the experiment, buffalo complete milking showed physiological levels of CS, different from cow complete milking. Alteration was observed (p<0.05) in levels of lactose and ESD, which were negatively correlated (p<0.05) to CCS. All animals developed hyperacute clinical mastitis. The bacteria was recovered from all the glands inoculated with the pathogen, with no significant difference in the isolation percentage and UFC/mL Log10 of bovine and bubaline milk until day 11 post inoculation (D14). Difference (p<0.001) was observed at day 30 post inoculation, with recovery of the bacteria in 50% of cows and 8.3% of buffaloes. The CMT reaction was observed in 24h post inoculation more intensely in buffaloes with 75% and 37.5% of positive reactions with 3+ intensity, respectively, in buffaloes and cows (p<0.05). Eleven days post inoculation 100% of cows and 50% of buffaloes were reagents to this test. The CCS by electronic method presented a similar result to that detected by CMT, with buffaloes reacting more intensely post inoculation and evident decreased counting at the end of the experiment. The CCS by electronic method and CMT revealed correlation with the bacterial culture (p<0.001). Some visual alterations in milk and in appearance/consistency of the gland were observed in the first 24h. These two parameters were more intense and persistent in cows, which additionally showed ulcerative lesions in the challenged gland (25%). Decreased production and appetite alterations were seen just within the first 24h post inoculation. There was a milk production average reduction of 37.33% in buffaloes and 47.17% in cows. At the end of the experiment there was a greater number of cows (62.5% versus 25% of buffaloes) with a drop superior to 61% of the initial milk production (p<0.05). The increase in rectal temperature was observed in both species, with 100% of cows and 91.6% of buffaloes reaching temperatures higher than 39.6°C. The parameters of local response to inflammation and systemic response to inflammation, used to evaluate the severity of mastitis were classified by scores. The mean score was higher in the bovine species (p<0.05). Throughout the observation period, there was a higher capacity of buffaloes in reaching the appropriate sanitary status, getting parameters closer to physiological ones at the end of the experiment. The intramammary S. aureus inoculation caused an increase in IL-1β concentrations of bovines and bubalines. The evolution of the cytokine concentration was different between the two species (p<0.05). Buffaloes showed a faster rise and cows reached an 1.57 fold higher concentration. The buffaloes concentration peak occurred in 48h with 0.413 ng of IL-1β per milliliter of milk. The cows showed a less expressive increase in 24h post inoculation and reached a maximum concentration in 72h post inoculation (1.061 ng/mL). In bovine there was correlation (p<0.05) among the milk IL-1β concentration, CCS, localized response to inflammation and rectal temperature. The bovine and bubaline species reached similar maximum countings (p>0.05) of milk CS/mL, but with different mean concentrations (p<0.05) of milk IL-1β/mL, 1.061 ng/mL and 0.120 ng/mL, respectively.
Cros, Olivier. "Structural properties of the mastoid using image analysis and visualization." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-137288.
Full textDonaldson, Kristi Lynn. "Exploring reading and math masteries influences of classroom and family /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024813.
Full textSilva, Danielle Mendes. "Isolamento, caracterização e genômica comparativa de patógenos de mastite bovina." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2016. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/7819.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
A mastite bovina é considerada por muitos autores a principal doença do rebanho leiteiro. Staphylococcus aureus e Streptococcus agalactiae são patógenos contagiosos comumente associados à forma subclínica e persistente da doença. A caracterização de estirpes em circulação nos rebanhos é de extrema importância na definição de estratégias de manejo para o controle da doença e de marcadores de prognóstico da mastite. No capítulo 1, 175 amostras positivas para o teste California Mastitis (CMT) foram coletadas de vacas holandesas e análises microbiológicas revelaram a presença de S. agalactiae em 34,2% das amostras. Em 36% das amostras foi observado o crescimento de bactérias pertencentes a outros grupos, em especial com S. aureus. A tipagem de S. agalactiae pela metodologia multilocus de repetições em tandem de número variável (MLVA) revelou seis genótipos (SagT1-T6), sendo SagT1 o mais prevalente no rebanho e também o mais frequentemente isolado de infecções mistas com S. aureus. Os isolados de S. agalactiae foram fortes produtores de biofilme in vitro e produziram hemólise do tipo beta. A análise de virulência dos isolados em larvas de Galleria mellonella definiu os tipos SagT3 e SagT1 como os mais e menos virulentos, respectivamente. Porém, dois isolados pertencentes a esses tipos não invadiram nem apresentaram efeito citotóxico em células epiteliais bovinas MAC-T. No capítulo 2, genomas de quatro estirpes de S. aureus causadoras de mastite subclínica, sendo SAU302 e SAU1364 isoladas de infecções persistentes e SAU170 e SAU1269 de infecções não persistentes, foram sequenciados. Uma grande conservação foi encontrada entre os genomas, como tamanho médio de 2,6 Mb, 32,8% de conteúdo GC e 2589 CDS. A tipagem por MLST classificou SAU170, SAU302, e SAU1364 como ST126, um tipo frequentemente encontrado em rebanhos brasileiros, e SAU1269, como ST1, associado a infecções humanas e bovinas. A comparação entre os genomas sequenciados e uma referência construída com genomas de dois isolados de mastite bovina, revelou uma identidade maior que 90% para a maioria dos genes anotados. A análise filogenética dos isolados sequenciados agrupou em ramos separados isolados de diferentes manifestações, sugerindo que algumas das particularidades compartilhadas entre isolados podem estar relacionados à persistência das infecções causadas por eles. A análise de polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único (SNPs) mostrou SNPs em genes relacionados à adesão das células bacterianas ao hospedeiro e na sequência de agrC, proteína receptora do sinal de quorum-sensing em S. aureus, alguns deles importantes para estrutura da proteína.
Bovine mastitis is considered the main disease of the dairy herd. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae are contagious pathogens commonly associated with subclinical and persistent form of the disease. The characterization of circulating strains in herds is of utmost importance to define management strategies to the control of the disease and to identify mastitis prognostic markers. In the first chapter, 175 milk samples positive for the California Mastitis Test (CMT) were collected from Holstein cows and microbiological analyzes revealed the presence of S. agalactiae in 34.2% of samples. The growth of bacteria belonging to other groups, in particular S. aureus, was seen in 36% of the milk samples. Multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) revealed the presence of six genotypes (SagT1-T6) of S. agalactiae in the herd with SagT1 being the most prevalent and also the most frequently isolated from mixed infections with S. aureus. S. agalactiae isolates were beta-hemolytic and strong in vitro biofilm producers. Virulence analysis in Galleria mellonella larvae defined the SagT3 and SagT1 types as the most and the less virulent, respectively. However, invasion and cytotoxicity in MAC-T cells did not reveal any difference between them. In Chapter 2, the genomes of four strains of Staphylococcus aureus causing subclinical mastitis, SAU302 and SAU1364 isolated from persistent infections and SAU170 and SAU1269 from non-persistent infections, were sequenced. A major conservation was found among them like the average size (2.6 Mb), the GC content (32.8%), and the CDS (2589). Multilocus Sequencing typing classified SAU170, SAU302 and SAU1364 as ST126, a type often found in Brazilian herds, while SAU1269 was classified as ST1, commonly associated with human and bovine infections. Comparative analyses with the genome of S. aureus RF122, a strain that causes severe mastitis, showed more than 90% of identity with annotated genes. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the sequenced genomes into separate branches suggesting that some of the characteristics shared between the isolates can be related to the persistence of infections. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were found in genes related to bacterial adhesion and in agrC that codes for a receptor protein involved in quorum-sensing signaling in S. aureus, some of them important for protein structure.
Silva, Fernando Jose da. "Design e análises de mastros de bambu para aplicações estruturais." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-9URNNG.
Full textO presente trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de mastros híbridos, composto e de feixe com barras de bambu da espécie Phyllostachys pubescens e estabelecimento de estados limites de utilização. Foram realizadas pesquisas quanto ao uso de mastros em estruturas arquitetônicas e seu funcionamento, desde as estruturas mais remotas às mais recentes que usam sistemas de coberturas de membranas. A construção e ensaios experimentais possibilitaram o conhecimento e desenvolvimento de técnicas que permitiram o aperfeiçoamento dos processos de construção bem como otimização do sistema estrutural proposto. Obteve-se ganho em eficiência no segundo mastro híbrido devido à maior prétensão dos cabos, aumento do braço das cruzetas e melhor distribuição ao longo da barra do bambu principal. O Diagrama de Southwell permitiu conhecer a força axial de flambagem global (Carga de Euler), imperfeição inicial do sistema e maior segurança à aplicação de carga nos ensaios seguintes. Os procedimentos adotados aos ensaios tiveram êxito quanto às diversas etapas, logística e controles de atividades, com resultados e dados de boa precisão. O mastro composto com barras laterais e interpostas com espaçadores internos, fixadas com barras roscadas de aço apresentou grande desempenho frente aos mastros iniciais, visto sua capacidade de carga próxima de 45 kN, com seis metros de comprimento e deflexão lateral de apenas 70 mm. Contudo, pode-se observar que a carga limite ficou restrita pelo esmagamento dos furos do espaçador na extremidade de menor diâmetro e espessura de parede e pelas tensões de contato que podem ser substituídas por parafusos lisos com roscas apenas nas extremidades, evitando concentração de tensões. Para estudos paramétricos, foram criados sete tipos de bambu com diferentes diâmetros e espessuras de parede, e comprimentos da ordem de dois a seis metros. Por questões de folgas em parafusos, os modelos numéricos ficam mais rígidos cerca de 25% para estruturas de bambu, sendo perfeitamente admissível. Observou-se também que a curva PDelta de descarga não apresentou uma forma coerente, sendo registrado deformações plásticas ocorridas por concentração de tensões nos furos dos parafusos, relaxando o sistema. Assim, analisou-se a fluência do mastro quanto aos dados e considerações para aplicações deste tipo em estruturas. Os ensaios com mastros de feixe, de dimensões de laterais de 3600 e 5400 mm, e alma contínua de seis metros, mostraram funcionamento bastante previsível. Seu processo de fabricação é relativamente fácil, não perfurando a parede do bambu para passagem de parafusos, evitando concentração de tensões, embora consuma mais barras de bambu, sendo mais apropriado ao aproveitamento de bambus de menor diâmetro, como os das espécies Phyllostachys aurea e Bambusa tuldoides. Em todos os casos, a modelagem numérica pode acompanhar o comportamento ocorrido no experimento, com ajustes perfeitos, validando os resultados para generalizações dos resultados a cálculos posteriores de novas estruturas. Concluiu-se que a opção pelo tipo de mastro dependerá das cargas de utilização e relação custo benefício, além do ponto de vista estético-arquitetônico com uso de bambus, elemento estrutural contemporâneo, sustentável, viabilizando novas possibilidades de aplicação em estruturas deste tipo, favorecendo a biodiversidade, interagindo Design e Engenharia.
LOURENCINI, M. P. "Identificação de Patógenos Bacterianos Causadores de Infecções Uterinas e Mastite." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7813.
Full textA eficiência reprodutiva dos rebanhos leiteiros é um parâmetro de importância econômica fundamental. Falhas individuais na concepção raramente são notadas, entretanto, quando as taxas de concepção são baixas, ocasionando prejuízo econômico para o criador. Neste sentido, destaca-se a repetição de cio, cuja ocorrência pode estar associada à falha de fertilização, mortalidade embrionária precoce, afecções reprodutivas e/ou sistêmicas, falhas no manejo, entre outras. Durante o período pré e pós-parto inicial, as vacas passam por um período que compreende o estresse do parto, o início da lactação, o alto requerimento energético e proteico, e a ingestão de matéria seca insuficiente para o requerimento fisiológico exigido. Importante ressaltar ainda que, vacas que produzem mais leite são mais predispostas a apresentarem imunodeficiência, sendo mais susceptível a enfermidades, principalmente a mastite (Ingvartsen et al., 2003; Sordillo e Aitken, 2009). Estudos têm demonstrado que vacas com mastite apresentam atraso no início do estro e maior número de serviços por concepção (Ahmadzadeh et al., 2009). Além disso, vacas que apresentaram mastite antes da primeira inseminação obtiveram maior intervalo parto/primeira IA do que vacas observadas com mastite entre a IA e o diagnóstico de gestação (Barker et al., 1998). Ainda, vacas com mastite clínica no intervalo entre a IA e a prenhez apresentaram menor taxa de concepção e mais risco de perda gestacional do que vacas sem sintomas de mastite (Chebel et al., 2004). O presente estudo terá como objetivo acompanhar o ciclo estral por meio da avaliação do escore corporal, estado geral e o trato reprodutivo em vacas leiteiras, buscando identificar as principais afecções e/ou problemas que afetam a fertilidade e/ou manutenção da gestação, contribuindo desta forma, para o aumento da fertilidade, diminuição do período de serviço, aumento dos índices de prenhez e produtividade do rebanho. Serão utilizadas 50 vacas mestiças em idade reprodutiva procedentes de propriedades rurais situadas na região Sul do Espírito Santo. As fêmeas selecionadas serão distribuídas em dois grupos, sendo o Grupo I, considerado como o grupo Controle, constituído por 25 vacas consideradas hígidas, de primeira cria ou com histórico reprodutivo de concepção até a segunda inseminação em prenhez (es) anterior (es), e que apresentaram parto normal, com pelo menos um cio após o parto; e o Grupo II composto por 25 vacas com histórico reprodutivo de repetição de cio após duas ou mais inseminações consecutivas e/ ou portadoras de pelo menos uma enfermidade. As fêmeas serão avaliadas ao 7° dia antes da data prevista para o parto e quinzenalmente durante o periparto por meio de exames ginecológicos, microbiológicos, ultrassonográficos e exame físico geral até que sejam diagnosticadas como prenhas. Com o conhecimento das ações de manejo, espera-se um aumento no conhecimento tecnológico para reprodução e produção de bovinos, favorecendo o desempenho da atividade e, como consequência, a melhoria da produtividade e aumento da renda para os produtores, municípios e estado; assim como a melhoria da qualidade dos serviços e produtos oferecidos. Assim, estudos que propiciem novas alternativas para a diminuição do período de serviço, aumento da fertilidade, diminuição da mortalidade embrionária e controle das enfermidades no pós- parto em vacas leiteiras são essenciais, uma vez que esse problema é considerado um dos fatores limitantes para criação no Brasil.
Sharma, Masti Venugopal Srihari. "Identification of diagnostic biomarkers to improve the management of diabetes-related foot ulcers." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/116374/1/Masti%20Venugopal%20Srihari_Sharma_Thesis.pdf.
Full textHartman, Melissa [UNESP]. "Aspectos citológicos e microbiológicos na mastite em ovelhas da raça Bergamácia em lactação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98325.
Full textUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O presente estudo objetivou determinar a prevalência da mastite ovina, avaliar o perfil microbiológico, perfil de sensibilidade microbiana e estabelecer parâmetros de interpretação diagnóstica mediante os resultados do California Mastitis Test (CMT), análises microbiológicas, contagem bacteriana total (CBT) e contagem de células somáticas (CCS). Estudaram-se 37 ovelhas da raça Bergamácia, durante oito semanas de lactação, avaliando-se 482 amostras de leite. Procedeu-se ao CMT para determinação de mastite subclínica e grau de inflamação glandular mamário. Encaminharam-se amostras de leite reagentes ao CMT ao cultivo microbiano e CBT. A CCS foi avaliada em aparelho eletrônico, em amostras de leite provenientes de úberes sadios e inflamados. Os patógenos isolados foram submetidos ao teste de sensibilidade microbiana para verificação do perfil de sensibilidade. A prevalência de infecção intramamária foi de 11,70%. Observaram-se ao cultivo bacteriológico: Staphylococcus spp. (61,11%), Streptococcus spp. (16,66%), Bacillus spp. (13,89%), Corynebacterium spp. (5,56%) e Serratia spp. (2,78%). Dos antimicrobianos testados, ceftiofur apresentou 80,77% de efetividade, seguido de enrofloxacina (69,23%), gentamicina (69,23%), oxacilina (61,54%) e florfenicol (57,70%). À CBT, constatou-se desenvolvimento bacteriano em amostras de leite procedentes de úberes com mastite, entre 20 e 3.030.000 colônias/mL de leite. A CCS apresentou média de 36.285 células/mL no leite de animais sadios. Nas amostras positivas ao CMT observou-se média de 267.579 células/mL na ausência de microrganismos e 489.400 células/mL em meios mamários com isolamento bacteriano. Infere-se a associação entre positividade ao CMT, presença microbiana e aumento da CCS, ressaltando a importância destes procedimentos no diagnóstico da mastite ovina.
The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of mastitis in the ewes, evaluate the microbiological profile, microbial sensitivity, and to establish the diagnostic interpretation parameters through of the results of the California Mastitis Test (CMT), microbiological analysis, total bacterial count (TBC), and somatic cell count (SCC). Thirty-seven Bergamacia ewes were studied, during eight weeks of lactation, with a total of 482 milk samples. CMT was realized to the determination of the subclinical mastitis and the mammary gland inflammation degree. CMT reacting milk samples was directed to the microbial culture and TBC. SCC was evaluated in an electronic machine, in milk samples from healthy and inflamed udders. The isolated pathogens were submitted to microbial sensitivity test for the verification of the susceptible profile. The prevalence of the mammary infection was 11.70%. To the bacteriological culture was found Staphylococcus spp. (61.11%), Streptococcus spp. (16.66%), Bacillus spp. (13.89%), Corynebacterium spp. (5.56%) and Serratia spp. (2.78%). Of the antimicrobials tested, ceftiofur presented 80.77% of effectiveness, followed for enrofloxacin (69.23%), gentamicin (69.23%), oxacilin (61.54%) and florphenicol (57.70%). To TBC, bacterial development in milk samples from mammary glands with mastitis was evidenced, with 20 to 3,030,000 colonies per milliliter of milk. CCS presented average of 36,285 cells/mL of milk of healthy animals. In positive samples to CMT was observed an average of 267,579 cells/mL in the absence of microorganisms and 489,400 cells/mL in mammary conditions with isolation of bacteria. Thus, we can infer the association among the positivity to CMT, the presence of microorganisms and the increase of SCC, standing out the importance of these analysis in the diagnosis of ovine mastitis.
Hartman, Melissa. "Aspectos citológicos e microbiológicos na mastite em ovelhas da raça Bergamácia em lactação /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98325.
Full textAbstract: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of mastitis in the ewes, evaluate the microbiological profile, microbial sensitivity, and to establish the diagnostic interpretation parameters through of the results of the California Mastitis Test (CMT), microbiological analysis, total bacterial count (TBC), and somatic cell count (SCC). Thirty-seven Bergamacia ewes were studied, during eight weeks of lactation, with a total of 482 milk samples. CMT was realized to the determination of the subclinical mastitis and the mammary gland inflammation degree. CMT reacting milk samples was directed to the microbial culture and TBC. SCC was evaluated in an electronic machine, in milk samples from healthy and inflamed udders. The isolated pathogens were submitted to microbial sensitivity test for the verification of the susceptible profile. The prevalence of the mammary infection was 11.70%. To the bacteriological culture was found Staphylococcus spp. (61.11%), Streptococcus spp. (16.66%), Bacillus spp. (13.89%), Corynebacterium spp. (5.56%) and Serratia spp. (2.78%). Of the antimicrobials tested, ceftiofur presented 80.77% of effectiveness, followed for enrofloxacin (69.23%), gentamicin (69.23%), oxacilin (61.54%) and florphenicol (57.70%). To TBC, bacterial development in milk samples from mammary glands with mastitis was evidenced, with 20 to 3,030,000 colonies per milliliter of milk. CCS presented average of 36,285 cells/mL of milk of healthy animals. In positive samples to CMT was observed an average of 267,579 cells/mL in the absence of microorganisms and 489,400 cells/mL in mammary conditions with isolation of bacteria. Thus, we can infer the association among the positivity to CMT, the presence of microorganisms and the increase of SCC, standing out the importance of these analysis in the diagnosis of ovine mastitis.
Orientador: Paulo Francisco Domingues
Coorientador: Hélio Langoni
Banca: Márcio Garcia Ribeiro
Banca: Alice Maria Melville Paiva Della Libera
Mestre
Muricy, Renata F. "Ocorrência de mastite subclínica em caprinos e qualidade higiênico-sanitária do leite produzido em propriedades associadas à cooperativa languiru, Teutônia, RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/1923.
Full textRezende, Lilian Ribeiro. "Caracterização molecular da comunidade bacteriana em rebanhos leiteiros com mastite subclínica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-10082016-130206/.
Full textBovine mastitis is considered the most impact disease in dairy herds, exerting negative economic effect on productivity and significant losses to the dairy industry. In view of the impact on animal health and carted economic losses, the objective of this study was to characterize more comprehensively the microbial community present in dairy herds with subclinical mastitis using the partial sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rRNA). Specifically, the bacterial communities present in samples of milk coming from three commercial farms were identified, and each farm contributed samples with high somatic cell count (SCC> 200,000 cel./mL) and low count (SCC <200,000 cel./ml) for a total of 57 animals. Total DNA was extracted and amplified with primers of the V3 and V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Sequencing was performed using the new generation of sequencing technology through MiSeq equipment (Illumina - San Diego, USA). For comparison, aliquots of all samples were intended for microbiological culture for identification of bacteria which cause mastitis. The amplicon fragments of all samples were subjected to a series of computer analyzes using the QIIME program. After further evaluation of the sequences at the species level, it was found that in general the bacteria do not generally diagnosed by culture corresponded to the most abundant sequences identified by sequencing. The analysis of milk samples from microbial composition from healthy animals revealed the presence of a diversity of bacterial species, even though no bacteria have been detected by culture technique. The most abundant bacterial species in all samples was Staphylococcus chromogenes. Staphylococcus aureus was also detected in most samples differences in microbial composition were found between the samples when a comparison was made individually. These differences were noticeable in taxonomic composition and were reflected by means of the estimates of alpha and beta diversity. When comparison was performed by separation of high and low groups with CCS, this difference was not so evident. This study will be possible to understand the diversity of microorganisms present in the mammary gland of healthy animals and with subclinical mastitis. This information can be useful and can contribute in the planning of more effective therapeutic and preventive measures of the disease.
Barreiro, Juliana Regina. "Identificação de patógenos causadores de mastite subclínica por espectrometria de massas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-03082012-155228/.
Full textRapid and efficient diagnosis of subclinical mastitis is important to reduce the persistence of the disease and its losses. This study aimed to evaluate the technique of mass spectrometry (MS) and desorption ionization by matrix assisted laser time-offlight (MALDI-TOF) for identification of bacteria causing bovine subclinical mastitis by two methods: 1) from bacteria isolated by microbiological culture, 2) from bacteria recovered directly from milk, to eliminate completely the need for microbiological culture for identification of pathogens. The study consisted of two experiments (1 and 2).In experiment 1, 33 milk samples from Gir and Holstein animals collected in four dairy farms were used for microbiological identification and MALDI-TOF MS. The samples with different results were confirmed by sequencing the 16S rRNA. These samples were identified by microbiological culture as Staphylococcus aureus (n = 13), Streptococcus agalactiae (n = 10) and Staphylococcus coagulase negative (SCN) (n = 10). For all strains of Streptococcus agalactiae, similar results were observed for microbiological identification and MALDI-TOF MS. From 13 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 11 were also identified by MALDI-TOF, one isolate was identified as Staphylococcus haemolyticus by 16S rRNA sequencing , and the other discrepant sample was charactezided a mixed culture of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Regarding the SCN samples, all samples of this group were identified by MALDI-TOF at gender level (S. simulans, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. Chromogens and S. aureus coagulase negative). In experiment 2, we evaluated the method of recovery of bacteria present in milk and their identification by MALDI-TOF MS using experimental method of contamination of milk with Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. The identification of pathogens recovered directly from milk was possible when the concentration of E. faecalis and S. aureus was 106 ufc/mL and 107 ufc/mL for E.coli. We conclude that the use of MALDI-TOF MS can accelerate the identification of pathogens causing bovine subclinical mastitis may contribute to the adoption of control measures and appropriate treatment.
Barreiro, Juliana Regina. "Identificação direta de microrganismos causadores de mastite por espectrometria de massas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-25082015-165957/.
Full textThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the technique of mass spectrometry by desorption / ionization assisted laser array time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF MS) for the direct identification in milk samples (no microbiological culture) of mastitis causing bacteria. Therefore, we carried out two experiments (1 and 2). In experiment 1, we determined the diagnostic sensitivity of MALDI-TOF MS technique for the direct identification in milk samples of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Escherichia coli. Experimental contamination of S. aureus, S. uberis, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae and E. coli in samples of milk to a concentration of 103-109 cfu/mL were performed. The contaminated milk samples were processed using kit Maldi Sepsityper® (Bruker Daltonics) and subjected to bacterial lysis protocol for analysis by MALDI-TOF MS. Mass spectra were collected in the mass range of 2000-20000 m/z and were analyzed by MALDI Biotyper 3.0 software (Bruker Daltonics) with default settings to obtain bacterial identification. Direct identification of mastitis causing pathogens from milk samples was possible at ≥106 cfu/mL for S. aureus, ≥107 cfu/mL for E. coli and ≥108 cfu/mL for S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae and S. uberis. In experiment 2, the objective was to evaluate the effect of pre-incubation of milk samples from mammary quarters with subclinical mastitis on the effectiveness of identification without cultivation, of mastitis-causing pathogens by MALDI-TOF MS. We selected mammary quarter milk samples from all lactating cows on two dairy herds. The milk samples were subjected to analyzes of: a) microbiological culture; b) pre-incubation followed by identification by mass spectrometry directly from milk; c) total bacterial count (TBC). Flow cytometry was used to determine TBC and; to directly identify the mastitis-causing pathogens from milk, fat was separated by centrifugation (10,000 Xg for 10 minutes) and; samples were pre-incubated at 37°C for 12 hours. Subsequently, the skim milk samples were submitted to kit Maldi Sepsityper® (Bruker Daltonics) and to the bacterial lysis protocol for analysis by MALDI-TOF MS. A total of 810 milk samples were analyzed by microbiological culture (reference method), of which 347 showed bacterial growth. Considering all culture positive samples 305 were identified as agents of interest in the direct identification by MALDI-TOF MS method: coagulase negative staphylococci (n = 191), S. aureus (n = 31), S. agalactiae (n = 42), S. uberis (n = 37) and S. dysgalactiae (n = 4). Therefore, 305 samples were directly identified by MALDI-TOF MS, which presented low sensitivity when compared to microbiological culture (Reference method): coagulase-negative staphylococci (14.08%), S. agalactiae (15.25 %), S. uberis (1.69%), S. aureus (6.12%) and S. dysgalactiae (0%). Pre-incubation of milk samples did not increase the sensitivity of the MALDI-TOF MS method directly identify mastitis-causing microorganisms.
Junior, Roberto Bellizia Raia. "Influência da mastite na ocorrência de resíduos de antimicrobianos no leite." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9137/tde-25042006-143156/.
Full textThe presence of antimicrobial residues im milk is a public health concern, because they may cause allergic reactions and may lead to the development of resistance to antimicrobial agents by bacterial strains. It is also an economic problem because it interferes with starter cultures used in dairy products. Mastitis, the inflammatory process of the mammary gla nd, is the main reason to treat dairy cows with antimicrobial agents. The purpose of this study was to verify the influence of mastitis on the withdrawal period of several intramammary and parenteral antimicrobial agents used in lactating cows, as well as to evaluate the presence of detectable antimicrobial residues in bulk tank milk, in relation to the mastitis rates among the studied dairy farms. A total of 60 bulk tank samples of dairy farms and 135 individual samples of healthy and mastitic dairy cows were screened to verify the occurrence of antimicrobial residues with a microbiologic test (Delvotest®). A correlation was detected between antimicrobial residues in bulk tank and high clinical mastitis rates (r= 1.0; Spearman\'s test). A higher withdrawal period, exceeding that determined by the manufacturer, was observed in the milk of mammary glands presenting inflammatory processes, both in animals treated by the parenteral route, and those treated by the intramammary route. This observation ranged from 11 to 60% of the analyzed samples and was verified in all groups treated with different antimicrobial agents (betalactam, aminoglycosides, tetracycline and sulfas). Statistically significant difference was detected (p<0.05, Fisher\'s test) at seventy two hours after the parenteral treatment in samples from animals presenting inflammatory processes, in relation to samples from animals that did not present mastitis. That is, there was a higher withdrawal period in the samples from animals presenting mastitis. In the evaluation of the influence of inflammatory reaction natural inhibitors on Delvotest®, it was verified that 33% of the samples from clinical mastitis quarters and 18% from subclinical mastitis quarters were positive, and that quarter samples without inflammatory processes were negative. These differences were statistically significant (p<0.05, Fisher\'s test). Among the main onclusions, it should be pointed out that there was a correlation between high clinical mastitis rates in the dairy herd and antimicrobial residues in bulk tank milk. Another important result was that mammary glands presenting inflammatory processes exhibited higher withdrawal periods when compared with mammary glands that did not present inflammatory processes, and that sometimes this withdrawal period exceeded the period recommended by the manufacturer. It was also observed that milk samples from untreated animals, when tested without preliminary heating at 80ºC, were positive, due to the occurrence of natural inhibitors produced by the inflammatory process, showing their interference on microbiologic tests. Therefore, it was demonstrated that previous heating is helpful to avoid false positive results when microbiologic tests are used to detect antimicrobial agents residues in milk samples. As an overall conclusion, it was well demonstrated that mastitis interferes in antimicrobial residues in milk.
Sarti, Enio Cesar. "Uso do levamisole como adjuvante no tratamento de mastite subclínica bovina." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-8PSMB4.
Full textFoi estudada a utilização do levamisole como adjuvante terapêutico em mastites subclínicas de 30 bovinos pertencentes a propriedade produtora de leite no município de Alfenas (MG). Foram utilizados o CMT (Califórnia Mastitis Test) e cultivos bacteriológicos para avaliar eficácia do produto estudado. Os animais com mastites foram tratados em dois grupos distintos, no terço inicial da lactação, com levamisole mais antibióticos ou somente com antibioticoterapia mais solução fisiológica. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre o grupo tratado e o controle, apesar de aparente melhora do grupo tratado.
Silva, Marisa Araujo. "Utilização de PCR multiplex para o diagnóstico etiológico da mastite bovina." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/SSLA-7UWHS2.
Full textO controle eficiente da mastite requer teste sensível, rápido e específico para identificação do agente causador da doença. Testes moleculares como a PCR têm sido crescentemente utilizados em diagnósticos microbiológicos. Neste trabalho foi utilizado um protocolo de extração de DNA diretamente em amostras de leite e a utilização de uma PCR multiplex (mPCR) para identificação dos principais agentes da mastite bovina: Staphylococcus. aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus uberis e Streptococcus dysgalactiae e do patógeno emergente: S. aureus resistente a meticilina (MRSA). Foram realizados testes com leite artificialmente contaminado com concentração bacteriana conhecida e posteriormente, para validar a técnica, foram analisadas 30 amostras oriundas de leite de tanque de expansão recebidas pelo Laboratório de Análise da Qualidade do Leite LabUFMG - MAPA. Para a realização das PCRs foram utilizados iniciadores que amplificam a região 16S-23S do RNA ribossomal de S. aureus, S. agalactiae, S. uberis e S. dysgalactiae e, para detecção de MRSA, utilizou-se iniciadores que amplificam o gene Mec A. O limite de detecção dos microrganismos envolvidos em infecções de glândula mamária é 1000 UFC/mL por mPCR, o que demonstra a sensibilidade do método para o diagnóstico etiológico de mastite bovina
Silva, Breno de Oliveira. "Rebanhos leiteiros com mastite causada por Staphylococcus aureus: diagnóstico e controle." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-8P4LK2.
Full textDuas ferramentas disponíveis comercialmente, Petrifilm Staph Express e a vacina Lavac Staph, foram avaliadas para o suporte no diagnóstico e controle de mastite causada por S. aureus em rebanhos leiteiros. Petrifilm Staph Express são cartelas contendo meios de cultivo seletivo para o diagnóstico de S. aureus. Para detecção de S. aureus em amostras de leite, Petrifilm foi altamente sensível, porém a especificidade variou de acordo com o critério interpretativo e o nível de treinamento das pessoas que lidaram com o método. Resultados foram obtidos de forma mais fácil e rápida, se comparado ao método tradicional de cultivo, demonstrando potencial para utilização do Petrifilm, dentro da fazenda, em programas de tratamento ou controle de S. aureus. A vacina Lavac Staph foi avaliada durante a lactação ou na secagem de vacas com histórico de infecção por S. aureus. A vacinação aumentou a taxa de cura de infecções causadas por S. aureus quando utilizada em associação à terapia de vaca seca, demonstrando eficácia no controle do agente em um rebanho com alta prevalência. Durante a lactação a vacinação não influenciou as taxas de cura para S. aureus, não justificando o seu uso. A incidência não foi reduzida pela vacinação em nenhuma das fases estudadas.
BURGOS, Fábia Regina Nascimento Fernando. "Mastectomia radical e unilateral no tratamento de mastite gangrenosa em cabras." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2009. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5615.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
With the objective of to evaluate the radical and unilateral mastectomy as surgical procedure of choice in the treatment of the gangrenous mastitis four goats were used in the age from two to three years old, without defined race. All the animals went by clinical exam, bearers of gangrenous mastitis of acute course were considered varying from three to four post parturition days. Undergoing low epidural anesthesia and radical and unilateral mastectomy. In the bacterial culture of the samples of the milk milked in the preoperative period of the mammary gland not attacked by the gangrenous mastitis it was obtained the frequency of 25% (1/4) of each isolated microorganism, being respectively Staphylococcus sp. associated the Corynebacterium sp. , Streptococcus sp. , Corynebcterium sp. . In the bacterial culture of the secretion of the centre part of the parenchyma of the gangrenous mamma of each animal they were identified in the samples Corynebcterium sp. , Staphylococcus negative coagulate, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus sp. associated the Corynebacterium sp. with the frequency of 25%(1/4). To the exam histologyc of the parenchyma of the mammary gland the cuts revealed presence of coagulation necrosis, proliferation fibroblastic, collagen and infiltrated inflammatory mononuclear. Formation of plates hyalins under the vascular endothelium and dilation of the ducts excretorys of the mammary alveoli. Some "clusters" limited bacterial for conjunctive tissue. Hemorrhage and hemossiderosis in the mammary alveolus. Caseous material in the light of some ducts excretorys. In other,roseates was observed. The time of postoperative observation was of 18 months. With the employed procedure the vital recovery of the operated animals was shown. It was ended that the mastectomy, radical and unilateral, it is rendered for the treatment of the gangrenous mastiti. It is essential the adoption of measures practices of low cost that facilitate the life of the producers reducing your expenses. The perspective that this work serves as subsidy for the preservation in the flock of animals of high genetic lineage.
Com o objetivo de avaliar a mastectomia radical e unilateral como procedimento cirúrgico de escolha no tratamento da mastite gangrenosa foram utilizadas quatro cabras, na faixa etária de dois a três anos de idade, sem raça definida. Todos os animais passaram por exame clínico, foram considerados portadores de mastite gangrenosa de curso agudo variando de três a quatro dias pós-partos. Submetidas à anestesia epidural baixa e mastectomia radical e unilateral. Na cultura bacteriana das amostras do leite ordenhado no período pré-operatório da glândula mamária não acometida pela mastite gangrenosa obteve-se a frequência de 25% (1/4) de cada microrganismo isolado, sendo respectivamente Staphylococcus sp. associado a Corynebacterium sp., Streptococcus sp., Corynebcterium sp.. Na cultura bacteriana da secreção da parte central do parênquima da mama gangrenosa de cada animal foram identificados nas amostras Corynebcterium sp., Staphylococcus coagulase negativa, Enterococcus faecalis eStaphylococcus sp. associado a Corynebacterium sp. com a frequência de 25% (1/4). Ao exame histológico do parênquima da glândula mamária os cortes revelaram presença de necrose de coagulação, proliferação fibroblástica, colágeno e infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear. Formação de placas hialinas sob o endotélio vascular e dilatação dos ductos excretores dos alvéolos mamários. Alguns “clusters” bacterianos limitados perifericamente por tecido conjuntivo. Hemorragia e hemosiderose no alvéolo mamário. Material caseoso na luz de alguns ductos excretores. Em outros, observou-se rosetas. O tempo de observação pós-operatória foi de 18 meses. Com o procedimento empregado mostrou-se a recuperação vital dos animais operados. Concluiu-se que a mastectomia, radical e unilateral, se presta para o tratamento da mastite gangrenosa. É essencial a adoção de medidas práticas de baixo custo que facilitem a vida dos produtores diminuindo seus gastos. Têm-se a perspectiva de que este trabalho sirva de subsídiopara a preservação no rebanho de animais de alta linhagem genética.
Cros, Olivier. "Image Analysis and Visualization of the Human Mastoid Air Cell System." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medicinsk informatik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-122179.
Full textTigabu, Romel. "Modeling static creep with stress reversals of mastic asphalt." Thesis, KTH, Transportvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-50950.
Full textOliveira, Ana Maria de. "Estafilococos enterotoxigenicos : pesquisas de cepas produtoras e baixo produtoras de enterotoxinas isoladas de leite cru de bovino." [s.n.], 1995. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254583.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Nesta pesquisa investigou-se a capacidade enterotoxigênica de cepas produtoras e baixo produtoras de enterotoxinas estafilocócicas isoladas em amostras de leite cru de bovino , fornecidas por uma cooperativa de produtores de leite da região de Campinas-SP. Através da análise de 140 amostras de leite foram isoladas 574 colônias com características presuntivas de estafilococos enterotoxigênicos de acordo com o método proposto por Tatini et al. (1984). Tanto as cepas positivas quanto as negativas aos testes de presença das enzimas coagulase e desoxirribonuclease termorresistente (TNase) foram testadas para avaliar a capacidade de produção de enterotoxinas estafilocócicas. A técnica utilizada para a produção de enterotoxinas estafilocócicas foi a de cultura em papel celofane sobre o meio 3% de triptona, 1% extrato de levedura e 1,5% de ágar, e a detecção foi realizada através do método de imunodifusão dupla em lâmina. Do total de cepas isoladas, 54,7% foram enterotoxigênicas. A enterotoxina estafilocócica D (EED) foi produzida por 95,2% das culturas; 0,3% produziram EEA; 1,0% produziu EEB. Algumas cepas produziram 2 tipos de enterotoxinas, 0,3% produziram EEA - EEB; 1,6% EEA - EED e 1,6% EEB - EED. Para a detecção de cepas baixo produtoras de enterotoxinas, os sobrenadantes das culturas negativas foram liofilizados e ressuspendidos a um volume 10 vezes menor que o inicial. Assim, detectou-se, entre estas culturas, mais 19,0% de linhagens de estafilococos enterotoxigênicos. Sendo produzidas as EED, EEA, EEB e EEC nos valores de 68,8%, 12,8%, 7,3% e 2,8%, respectivamente. Antes da concentração dos sobrenadantes não havia sido detectada EEC. As EEA - EEB foram produzidas por 3,7% das cepas e, EEB - EED por 4,6%. Os dados obtidos evidenciam a contaminação do leite por cepas coagulase e desoxirribonuclease termorresistente positivas e negativas e produtoras de algum tipo de enterotoxina, o que expõe a população consumidora ao risco de intoxicação alimentar, uma vez que, a pesquisa de enterotoxigenicidade de estafilococos coagulase negativa não é uma técnica de rotina realizada nos laboratórios de análise microbiológica de alimentos
Abstract: This work investigated the enterotoxigenic of producing and low producing staphylococcal enterotoxins strains in cow's raw milk samples supplied by the Campinas Cooperativa, Campinas-SP. The 140 milk samples were presumptively tested for the presence of enterotoxigenic staphylococci, according to the method of Tatini et al. (1984). Coagulase and termonuclease positive and negative strains were tested for the capacity of producing staphylococcal enterotoxins. Production of staphylococcal enterotoxins was evaluated by the cellophane-over-agar method described by Robins et al. (1974). All strains were examined for enterotoxins A, B, C and D. For the detection it was used the immunodimsion method, applying the optimal sensitivity plate. The percentage of enterotoxigenic staphylococci isolates was 54,7%. The staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) types most frequently detected was SED (95,2%), followed by SEB (1,0%) and by SEA (0,3%). Some strains produced 2 types of enterotoxins, SEA/SEB (0,3%); SEA/SED (1,6%) and SEB/SED (1,6%). The low enterotoxin producing staphylococcal strains were detected after ten fold concentration of initial volume of supernadant of negatives cultures. Thus, it was detected 19,0% of staphylococcal enterotoxigenic strains. SEC was only detected in concentrated supernatant. The SEA/SEB and SEB/SED were produced for 3,7% and 4,6% of the tests strains, respectively. The results showed the contamination of milk for coagulase and termonuclease positives and negatives strains which produced some type of staphylococcal enterotoxins. The risk of food poisoning is relatively high because the study of enterotoxigenic negative coagulase staphylococci is not a rotine procedure utilized in the food microbiology laboratories
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos
Tonin, Flávia Bechelli [UNESP]. "Epidemiologia molecular aplicada ao estudo da mastite caprina causada por Staphylococcus spp." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103840.
Full texto presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a prevalência da mastite caprina causada por Staphylococcus spp. em três rebanhos do Estado de São Paulo, bem como conhecer as características fenotípicas e genotípicas das cepas isoladas. Por outro lado, através dos testes de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos e da PCR-ribotipagem, pretendeu-se, também, verificar a relação epidemiológica existente entre as cepas de Staphylococcus spp. isoladas em amostras de leite, óstio do teto, lesão em pele do teto e ordenhadeira, assim como de mãos, tonsilas e fossas nasais de ordenhadores. A prevalência da mastite subclínica foi de 12,0%, 10,7% e 26,6% nos rebanhos pertencentes às três propriedades estudadas, nos quais Staphylococcus coagulase negativa foi o principal agente envolvido na etiologia dos casos. O teste de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos revelou que 100% das cepas foram sensíveis à gentamicina, a neomicina e ao cefoperazone e, ainda, que a resistência frente a ampicilina e penicilina foi observada em 25,2% das cepas. A análise molecular revelou estreita relação entre as cepas isoladas de amostras de leite e óstio de teto. Cepas isoladas dos insufladores da ordenhadeira, assim como as de fossas nasais dos ordenhadores, têm participação na epidemiologia das mastites em cabras. A PCR-ribotipagem permitiu avaliar a relação epidemiológica existente entre as cepas isoladas de forma mais eficiente que o teste de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos. A compreensão dessas relações epidemiológicas é necessária para a implementação de medidas eficazes no controle e prevenção das mastites em cabras.
The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of goat mastitis due to Staphylococcus spp. in three flocks from São Paulo State, as well as understand the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the strains isolated. Otherwise, epidemiological relationship between the strains isolated from milk, teat ends, skin lesions, milking units and milking personnel was investigated by the antimicrobial susceptibility and PCR-ribotyping. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 12,0%, 10,7% and 26,6% for the three flocks studied and coagulase negative Staphylococcus was the most prevalent agent isolated. Antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed 100% of sensibility to gentamicin, neomycin and cephoperazon and, in addition, the resistance to ampicillin and penicillin in 25,2% of the strains isolated. Molecular analysis showed close relationship between strains isolated from milk and teat ends. Strains isolated from milking units, as well as strains isolated from nasal swabs of the milking personnel, play an important role on goat mastitis epidemiology. PCR-ribotyping was more efficient than antimicrobial susceptibility test to evaluate the epidemiological relationship between the strains isolated. An understanding of these epidemiological relationships is necessary for the design of more effective mastitis control programs.
Santos, Kamila Reis. "Modelo de risco para mastite no pós-parto: aspectos hematológicos e bioquímicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-05102016-135442/.
Full textObjective identify biochemical, hematological and immunological systemic and local, associated with Bovine Mastitis risk model, drying at the end of the transitional period of the subsequent lactation cows treated with antimicrobial and sealant to dry. 34 cows were used the Dutch race, divided into three groups: control group (GC; n = 13); antimicrobial Group (GA; n = 10) animals receiving antimicrobial intramamário; sealant Group (GS; n = 11), composed of animals that received intramamário sealant. Milk samples were collected and evaluated blood where blood count, neutrophil oxidative metabolism (NBT), immunoglobulins, biochemistry, and CMT, somatic cell count, microbológico isolation of colostrum and milk and milk immunoglobulins in the 60 days preceding childbirth (M1) on the day of delivery (M2), three, seven, 15, 21, 30 days postpartum (M3, M4, M5, M6 and M7). Data were analyzed by the software Stata using a logistic regression model. The variables were analyzed individually to check the meaning and then, in combination, to evaluate the effect of individual variables. In the first phase of the analysis, logistic model was used for each variable related to the clinical findings, with P values less than 0.20 were considered as a variable selected and passed to the next stage of analysis. In the final model, selected variables were used in the first phase to develop a multivariate logistic model in which the variables with P ≤ 0.05 were retained in the final model. It was possible to identify changes in the parameters, protein, albumin and Fibrinogen, serve as biomarkers associated with Bovine Mastitis. Specific metabolic changes and characteristics of the transitional period, blood parameters, overlapping the effect of drying employees and protocols, it is suggested that the systemic profile the periparto cow is associated with mastitis
Rodrigues, Ana Carolina de Oliveira. "Identificação bacteriana a campo da mastite bovina para orientar protocolos de tratamento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-17072008-142038/.
Full textThe present thesis investigated the diagnosis and treatment of bovine mastitis by using a simple test for somatic cell count, on-farm bacteriological culture and guided treatment protocols. To rapidly determine SCC, Somaticell® test was used on milk samples having the results compared to electronic count and evaluated by sample type and reader. The Somaticell test correctly determined the SCC in fresh milk samples of mammary quarters. The correlation between Somaticell and electronic SCC was 0.92, being kappa coefficient equals to 0.82. This test presented good reliability to determine intramammary infections using a threshold of 205.000 cells/mL (sensitivity = 91.3% and specificity = 96.0%) and showed greater SCC in samples containing major mastitis pathogens. Minor intra-individual variation was detected when performing the test. Probably, the homogenization procedure of the test is the most likely explanation for the observed variation. However, the final analysis indicated that this variation was not significant and did not affect the amount of samples classified as having subclinical mastitis. Milk samples preserved at 4 ºC up to 5 hours did not change test results. Nevertheless, frozen or bronopol preserved samples were not suitable for this test. Clinical mastitis data indicated that infections caused by Gram positive bacteria were mainly seen on clinical cases with visual milk abnormalities and udder edema of clinical recurrent animals showing monthly average SCC greater than 200,000 cells/mL. In contrast, clinical mastitis caused by Gram negative bacteria was frequently associated with systemic signs in high producing cows. In addition, mastitic samples without bacterial growth in the laboratory did not present a defined pattern in relation to mastitis grade and animal characteristic. The on-farm bacteriological culture using Azide Blood Agar Base, MacConkey Agar and Vogel-Johnson Agar, showed adequate recovery of mastitis causing pathogens. In 79.3% of the cultures (n = 203) the on-farm results agreed with the standard laboratory culture. Interestingly, the concordance rate was affected by the number of colony forming units in the milk sample. The sensitivity and specificity of on-farm culture were 83.0 and 76.5%, respectively. These results were positively influenced by growth of Gram positive bacteria and negatively influenced by growth of Gram negative bacteria and samples with no growth. The use of fresh milk samples in on-farm culture seemed advantageous for bacterial recovery, although premature plate reading of bacterial growth and simplicity of this methodology might reduce its accuracy. Mastitis treatment guided by on-farm culture showed an overall bacteriological cure rate of 69.7%. In the majority of quarters, SCC remained elevated within 21 days after detection of clinical mastitis. Gram negative bacteria presented greater cure rates. On the contrary, Staphylococcus aureus mastitis displayed the lowest cure rate even by using extended antibiotic treatment. Intramammary antibiotic treatment did not show effect on cure rates of grade 1 and 2 clinical mastitis caused by Gram negative bacteria or with negative growth in the on-farm culture.
Pinheiro, Eduardo de Souza Campos. "Eficiência do tratamento e vacinação de mastite subclínica causada por Staphylococcus aureus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-12012017-105025/.
Full textThe objectives of this study were to evaluate: a) treatment effectiveness, using antibiotics and vaccination, in cows with intramammary infections caused by S. aureus during lactation and dry period; b) the genetic variability of S. aureus strains according to treatment responses, antibiogram and the AFLP technique. To evaluate the effectiveness of the lactation therapy, 117 icows with S. aureus subclinical mastitis, from 5 herds, were randomly distributed into 3 treatments: a) control; b) Intramammary + Injectable; c) Intramammary + injectable + Vaccine. To evaluate the effectiveness of the dry off therapy, 136 cows with S. aureus subclinical mastitis were randomly distributed into 4 treatments: a) Intramammary; b) Intramammary + Injectable (INT + INJ); c) Intramammary + Vaccine (INT + VAC); d) Intramammary + Injectable + Vaccine (INT + INJ + VAC). For both therapies (lactation and dry off), the antimastitis vaccine was the TopVac (Hipra, Spain). The injetable antibiotic was enrofloxacin (Kinetomax®, Bayer S. A., Brasil) single dose (7,5 mg/kg). The intramammary therapy was, during lactation, with ampicillin 75 mg + cloxacilin 200 mg (Bovigam L, Bayer, North Ireland) and at dry off with ampicillin 250 mg + cloxacilin 500 mg (Bovigam ®VS, Bayer, North Ireland). S. aureus isolates (117) were submitted to the AFLP technique. The cure rate of quarters treated with antibiotics during lactation and dry period was 80,5% (n = 82) e 91,5% (n = 106), respectively. Vaccination against S. aureus didn't raise the cure rate during lactation, but lowered the SCC of vaccinated cows compared to control cows. In the lactation therapy, primiparous and cows with one infected quarter had higher cure rates (79 and 70%, respectively) than pluriparous and cows with more than one infected quarter (11 and 17%, respectively), respectively. Resistence to penicillin did not affect S. aureus isolates cure rate. The probability of a non adapted S. aureus isolate to be multiresistant and resistant to oxacilin was higher than an adapted isolate, but cure rates of non adapted isolates was higher than adapted isolates. In conclusion, antibiotic therapy was efficient to treat S. aureus subclinical mastitis during lactation and dry period, and the antibiogram result was associated with the isolates classification in adapted and non adapted, but was not associated with the response to therapy
Beuron, Daniele Cristine. "Prevalência e Susceptibilidade Antimicrobiana de Patógenos Causadores de Mastite em Rebanhos Leiteiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-29052013-114908/.
Full textThe aims of this study were: a) to evaluate the frequency of mastitis pathogens in commercial dairy herds, b) to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. isolated from subclinical mastitis c) to evaluate the profile of multidrug resistance of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. d) to detect the mecA gene in Staphylococcus spp. resistant to oxacillin / methicillin, e) to evaluate the association between management practices and treatment of mastitis, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from dairy herds. Thirteen dairy herds were selected from a total of 60 dairy farms in the region of Pirassununga / SP. Questionnaires formulated previously were answered by dairy farmers to evaluate the association between mastitis treatment practices and antimicrobial susceptibility. A total of 1,069 composite samples of milk from all herds were collected for culture and identification of pathogens, susceptibility testing and mecA gene detection, over 24 months in four periods. The susceptibility tests were performed in all isolates of Staphylococcus spp. and in 50% of Streptococcus spp. randomly selected. The antimicrobials tested were ampicillin 10mg; 2µg clindamycin, penicillin 1mg; ceftiofour 30µg; gentamicin 10mg; sulfatrimetropin 25µg, 5µg enrofloxacin; 300µg sulfonamide, tetracycline 30µg; oxacillin 1mg; 30µg cephalothin and erythromycin 5µg. All Staphylococcus spp. that were resistant to oxacillin/methicillin in the susceptibility tests were investigated for the presence of mecA gene. Among the isolated bacteria, CNS was the most prevalent (28.6%), followed by S. aureus (27.8%) and Corynebacterium spp. (10.9%). The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates of S. aureus was 95.23% (erythromycin), 93.33% (cephalothin) and 65.71% (ampicillin). The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) was 93.33% (cephalothin), 89.91% (erythromycin) and 62.03% (ceftiofur). Among strains of coagulase positive Staphylococcus (CPS), the antimicrobial susceptibility was 93.33% (erythromycin), 91.11% (clindamycin and sulfonamide). The antimicrobial susceptibility of the strains of Streptococcus agalactiae was 38.46% (ampicillin) and 50% (sulfatrimetropin) and isolates of S. dysgalactiae were susceptible to tetracycline and clindamycin (19.44% to 47.22%). The multidrug resistance was higher among isolates of CNS (20.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (15.7%). The mecA gene was not detected in any of Staphylococcus spp isolates. There was an association between variables for the following antimicrobials: a) treatment of clinical mastitis: ampicillin (P = 0.0055), ceftiofur (P = 0.0481), sulfatrimetropin (P = 0.0293), sulfonamide (P = 0.0043) and tetracycline (P = 0.0058); and sending samples for culture and antibiogram: ampicillin (P = 0.0032), tetracycline (P = <0.0001). Major risk factors for antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus were not submitting samples for culture and antibiogram for tetracycline (OR = 6.012), penicillin (OR = 4.687), erythromycin (OR = 3.059) and ampicillin (OR = 2.571), treatment of clinical mastitis: ampicillin (OR = 2.178), ceftiofur (OR = 1.956), gentamicin (OR = 1.668), oxacillin (OR = 1.132) and penicillin (OR = 1.261); and dry cow therapy: enrofloxacin (OR = 2.111) and tetracycline (OR = 2.075). The most frequent organisms isolated were coagulase negative Staphylococcus and S. aureus. The susceptibility tests performed for the species of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. showed high susceptibility to most antimicrobials tested. With the exception of Streptococcus agalactiae to ampicillin and sulfatrimetropin and isolates of S. dysgalactiae to tetracycline and clindamycin. Most Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. did not show multidrug resistance profile. None of Staphylococcus spp. phenotypically resistant to oxacillin / methicillin showed the mecA gene. The major risk factor associated with susceptibility of S. aureus to tetracycline, penicillin, erythromycin and ampicillin was not sending samples for culture and sensitivity. Two important risk factors have been identified related to ampicillin, ceftiofur, gentamicin, penicillin and oxacillin for treatment of clinical mastitis and enrofloxacin and tetracycline for the treatment of dry cow dry cow therapy.
Tonin, Flávia Bechelli. "Epidemiologia molecular aplicada ao estudo da mastite caprina causada por Staphylococcus spp /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103840.
Full textBanca: Luiz Augusto do Amaral
Banca: Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira
Banca: Nilson Roberti Benites
Banca: Helio Langoni
Resumo: o presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a prevalência da mastite caprina causada por Staphylococcus spp. em três rebanhos do Estado de São Paulo, bem como conhecer as características fenotípicas e genotípicas das cepas isoladas. Por outro lado, através dos testes de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos e da PCR-ribotipagem, pretendeu-se, também, verificar a relação epidemiológica existente entre as cepas de Staphylococcus spp. isoladas em amostras de leite, óstio do teto, lesão em pele do teto e ordenhadeira, assim como de mãos, tonsilas e fossas nasais de ordenhadores. A prevalência da mastite subclínica foi de 12,0%, 10,7% e 26,6% nos rebanhos pertencentes às três propriedades estudadas, nos quais Staphylococcus coagulase negativa foi o principal agente envolvido na etiologia dos casos. O teste de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos revelou que 100% das cepas foram sensíveis à gentamicina, a neomicina e ao cefoperazone e, ainda, que a resistência frente a ampicilina e penicilina foi observada em 25,2% das cepas. A análise molecular revelou estreita relação entre as cepas isoladas de amostras de leite e óstio de teto. Cepas isoladas dos insufladores da ordenhadeira, assim como as de fossas nasais dos ordenhadores, têm participação na epidemiologia das mastites em cabras. A PCR-ribotipagem permitiu avaliar a relação epidemiológica existente entre as cepas isoladas de forma mais eficiente que o teste de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos. A compreensão dessas relações epidemiológicas é necessária para a implementação de medidas eficazes no controle e prevenção das mastites em cabras.
Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of goat mastitis due to Staphylococcus spp. in three flocks from São Paulo State, as well as understand the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the strains isolated. Otherwise, epidemiological relationship between the strains isolated from milk, teat ends, skin lesions, milking units and milking personnel was investigated by the antimicrobial susceptibility and PCR-ribotyping. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 12,0%, 10,7% and 26,6% for the three flocks studied and coagulase negative Staphylococcus was the most prevalent agent isolated. Antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed 100% of sensibility to gentamicin, neomycin and cephoperazon and, in addition, the resistance to ampicillin and penicillin in 25,2% of the strains isolated. Molecular analysis showed close relationship between strains isolated from milk and teat ends. Strains isolated from milking units, as well as strains isolated from nasal swabs of the milking personnel, play an important role on goat mastitis epidemiology. PCR-ribotyping was more efficient than antimicrobial susceptibility test to evaluate the epidemiological relationship between the strains isolated. An understanding of these epidemiological relationships is necessary for the design of more effective mastitis control programs.
Doutor