Academic literature on the topic 'Mastitis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mastitis"
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Al-Rasheed, Agharid A., Sana’a S. Ahmed, Karim A. Al-Jashamy, and Bashiru Garb. "Immunopathological Responses to the Bovine Mastitis Associated with Staphylococcus Species Infection." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 46, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v46i2.1398.
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Bovine mastitis is a disease that concerns animals' welfare and increases the economic production losses. Bacterial agents such as Staphylococcus species are the main causative agent of bovine mastitis. This bacterial agent expresses some inflammatory cytokines that might enhance the cell-mediated, which may promote the pathogenesis of mastitis. The objective of the current study was to investigate the bovine innate immune response circulating levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. A total of 10 mL of milk specimens were collected randomly from 100 clinically mastitic cows, and another 20 clinically healthy cows were considered as a control group for the California Mastitis test. The microbiological cultures of milk specimens were performed. The interleukins (ILs)that involved IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were detected using the ELISA test for the evaluation of the pro-inflammatory bovine mastitis pathophysiology. The results of this study showed that Staphylococcus aureus detection was in 31.2% of mastitic milk and 8.7% of non-mastitic milk specimens; and the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was detected in 14.8% and 18.7% in the mastitic and non-mastitic milk specimens, respectively. The IL-6 level was shown significantly higher (P<0.05)in the specimens of mastitic milk (194±12.8 pg/mL) compared to the non-mastitic milk (31±2.9 pg/mL). In conclusion, the elevated level of expression of IL-6 cytokine in the milk of cows with mastitis suggested that IL-6 might be used as a potentially suitable biomarker for early bovine mastitis diagnosis
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Ahmad, T., A. Ghafoor, M. Nadeem, M. Q. Bilal, and A. Sharif. "EFFECT OF MASTITIS ON MILK COMPOSITION OF CROSS-BRED (HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN X CHOLISTANI) AND SAHIWAL CATTLE." Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Sciences 39, no. 1 (June 14, 2023): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47432/2023.39.1.7.
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The present study was designed to investigate the effect of mastitis on various components including fat percentage, protein, total solids, solid not fat, pH, specific gravity and lactose content in milk of cross-bred (Holstein Friesian × Cholistani) and Sahiwal cattle. A total of 376 milk samples (excluding blind and nonfunctional teats) from 100 cows (50 cross-bred and 50 sahiwal) were collected aseptically. Animals of different ages, parity and stages of lactation were selected under field condition. The diagnosis of subclinical mastitis was done on basis of Surf Field Mastitis Test. For bacterial examination of milk, the samples were grown in laboratory and various biochemical tests were performed. The results of the present study indicated that solid not fat (SNF) of mastitic sahiwal and cross-bred cattle and total solids percentage of normal and mastitic cattle were significantly reduced as the severity of mastitis increased in animals. The milk pH of normal and mastitic cattle including both sahiwal and cross-bred was significantly increased in severe cases of mastitis. The specific gravity of normal and mastitic milk samples showed that there was no significant difference in specific gravity as compared to normal. The protein percentage of normal and mastitic cattle including both sahiwal and cross-bred cattle indicated that protein concentration was significantly reduced in severe cases of mastitic animals. The findings of present study highlighted that mastitis cause major alterations in composition of milk leading to poor quality of the milk.
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Barber, Michele R., and T. J. Yang. "Chemotactic Activities in Nonmastitic and Mastitic Mammary Secretions: Presence of Interleukin-8 in Mastitic but Not Nonmastitic Secretions." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 5, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.5.1.82-86.1998.
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ABSTRACT Due to its association with low-quality milk and a decrease in milk production in bovines, mastitis is a major cause of economic loss. Additionally, mastitis can be harmful to suckling newborns and can cause damage to the mammary gland. In mastitic mammary secretions there is a substantial increase in somatic cells, specifically neutrophils. In this study we examined the ability of mastitic and nonmastitic mammary secretions to cause in vitro neutrophil chemotaxis using a microchemotaxis assay. Also, the role of the inflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) in neutrophil recruitment during mastitis was addressed in these in vitro experiments. We found that both nonmastitic and mastitic mammary secretions were chemotactic, not chemokinetic, for neutrophils. The neutrophil chemotactic activity in mastitic, but not nonmastitic, mammary secretions was blocked by anti-IL-8 antibodies. Molecular mass separation of the active components showed that the chemotactic activity of the mastitic secretions was present in the 10-kDa-or-less fraction and was blocked by anti-IL-8 antibodies. These results indicate that IL-8 plays a major role in neutrophil recruitment during mastitis. An understanding of its role will be of help in designing strategies for immunomodulatory therapies for mastitis.
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Yang, Yongxin, Suizhong Cao, Xiaowei Zhao, Dongwei Huang, Huiling Zhao, and Guanglong Cheng. "Determination of changes in bovine plasma and milk proteins during naturally occurring Escherichia coli mastitis by comparative proteomic analysis." Animal Production Science 56, no. 11 (2016): 1888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14901.
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The aim of this study was to investigate changes in plasma and milk proteins in response to Escherichia coli infection in cows. Plasma and milk were collected from healthy cows, cows suffering from mild E. coli mastitis, and cows suffering from severe E. coli mastitis. Protein composition was examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry. Plasma haptoglobin and α-1 acid glycoprotein demonstrated greater expression in mastitic cows compared with controls, but there were no difference between mildly and severely mastitic cows. Milk from mildly mastitic cows showed increased albumin and casein variants. Severely mastitic cows showed lower casein levels and increased anti-microbial and acute phase proteins. Milk α-1 acid glycoprotein and cathelicidins were associated with severe mastitis. A greater number of β-casein fragments that corresponded to β-casein isoforms were found in milk from mildly mastitic cows. These results suggest that caseins levels decreased and the concentrations of anti-microbial and acute phase proteins increased corresponding to the degree of E. coli mastitis. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to determine whether cathelicidin could serve as a diagnostic marker for mastitis.
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Kocak, O. "Influence of Mastitis on Milk Yield in Holstein Cows." Acta Veterinaria Brno 75, no. 4 (2006): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200675040507.
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The objectives of the current study were to investigate the incidence of mastitis in a private dairy herd and the effect of the disease on the lactation milk yield (LMY), and on the daily average of the weekly milk yield (DMY). Only cows with no disease and cows with mastitis were included in the analyses. Mixed model procedures were used to analyse the DMY. Incidence of mastitis in the herd was 26.22%. The incidences of first, second and third parity groups were 19.94%, 33.74% and 40.74%, respectively. Daily milk losses because of mastitis varied between 0.76 kg/d and 4.56 kg/d. The total milk loss was 600.87 kg for cows that became mastitic in the first six weeks of lactation and was 503.86 kg for cows that became mastitic after the sixth week of lactation. The milk losses of cows that contracted mastitis after the sixth week of lactation, began three weeks before the diagnosis. The mastitic cows failed to reach their healthy levels of milk yield during the rest of the lactation. The results indicate that weekly lactation records are useful in early detection of mastitis.
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Mbindyo, Christine M., George C. Gitao, and Charles M. Mulei. "Prevalence, Etiology, and Risk Factors of Mastitis in Dairy Cattle in Embu and Kajiado Counties, Kenya." Veterinary Medicine International 2020 (August 4, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8831172.
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Bovine mastitis continues to be a leading cause of heavy economic losses in the dairy industry and a public health hazard globally. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, etiologies of clinical and subclinical mastitis, and associated predisposing factors in Embu and Kajiado counties in Kenya. A semistructured questionnaire was administered to 154 smallholder dairy farmers to collect data on management practices, animal factors, and disease history. A total of 395 dairy cows were initially screened for subclinical mastitis using the California mastitis test (CMT), and milk samples were aseptically collected. Both CMT positive and CMT negative samples were analyzed using conventional bacteriological isolation and identification procedures. In the present study, the overall prevalence of mastitis based on CMT and clinical examination was 80% (316/395), out of which 6.8% (27/395) was clinical mastitis, while 73.1% (289/395) was subclinical mastitis. Based on culture, the overall prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis was 51.6% (815/1580), 74.4% (294/395), and 76.6% (118/154) at the quarter, cow, and farm level, respectively. From the 1574 milk samples analyzed by cultured, 1016 bacteria were yielded. The predominant bacteria were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS), 42.8% (435/1016), and in decreasing order, Streptococcus species, 22.2% (226/1016), Staphylococcus aureus, 15.7% (160/1016), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 5.1% (52/1016), and the least was Enterobacter species, 0.7% (7/1016), while 23.7% of the sample yielded no bacterial growth. Risk factor analysis revealed that milking mastitic cows last (p=0.002), using a clean udder drying towel for each cow (p=0.033) and previous history of mastitis (p=0.046) were significantly associated with presence of mastitis. The current study has shown a relatively high prevalence of subclinical mastitis with CNS as predominant bacteria. Therefore, control measures are urgently warranted. Management factors such as milking mastitic cows last, using a clean towel for udder drying for each cow, and culling mastitic cows should be considered and included in the Kenyan mastitis control programs.
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Al- Anbagi, N. A. "Daignosis of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in bovine in Al-Najaf province by using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)." Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences 12, no. 2 (December 30, 2013): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29079/vol12iss2art261.
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This study was conducted to collect 388 milk samples from cows at different villages and townships in Al-Najaf province to examine about Staphylococcus aureus mastitis .CMT was used for subclinical mastitis screening ,212(54.6%) milk samples were mastitic .The molecular method (PCR assay) was used to detected the presence (glpF) gene in classically diagnosed S.aureus, which appeared that 38(92.6%) S.aureus mastitis as 13(32.5%) clinical and 25(14.5%) subclinical mastitis .There was high significant incidence of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in left posterior udder quarter rather than others quarters
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Sadat, Asmaa, Alshimaa M. M. Farag, Driss Elhanafi, Amal Awad, Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy, Noorah Alsowayeh, Manal F. El-khadragy, and Gehad E. Elshopakey. "Immunological and Oxidative Biomarkers in Bovine Serum from Healthy, Clinical, and Sub-Clinical Mastitis Caused by E. coli and S. aureus Infection." Animals 13, no. 5 (March 1, 2023): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13050892.
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The study aimed to investigate the mastitis’ emerging causative agents and their antimicrobial sensitivity, in addition to the hematological, biochemical indicators, oxidative biomarkers, acute phase protein (APP), and inflammatory cytokine changes in dairy farms in Gamasa, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. One hundred Holstein Friesian dairy cattle with clinical and subclinical mastitis were investigated and were allocated into three groups based on a thorough clinical examination. E. coli and S. aureus were found responsible for the clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy farms, respectively. Multiple drug resistance (MDR) was detected in 100%, and 94.74% of E. coli and S. aureus isolates, respectively. Significantly low RBCs count, Hb, and PCV values were detected in mastitic cows compared with both subclinical mastitic and control groups; moreover, WBCs, lymphocytes, and neutrophil counts were significantly diminished in mastitic cows compared to the controls. Significantly higher levels of AST, LDH, total protein, and globulin were noticed in both mastitic and subclinical mastitic cows. The haptoglobin, fibrinogen, amyloid A, ceruloplasmin, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were statistically increased in mastitic cows compared to the controls. Higher MDA levels and reduction of TAC and catalase were identified in all the mastitic cases compared to the controls. Overall, the findings suggested potential public health hazards due to antimicrobial resistance emergence. Meanwhile, the APP and cytokines, along with antioxidant markers can be used as early indicators of mastitis.
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Nava-Trujillo, Hector. "Effect of clinical mastitis on reproductive targets achievement in cows." Veterinária e Zootecnia 26 (February 25, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2019.v26.135.
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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of clinical mastitis occurring between calving and the first service on the percentage of cows that achieve two reproductive targets: be served before 70 days postpartum and be pregnant before 110 days postpartum (dpp). Relative frequency and odds ratio (OR) with the corresponding confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Fewer mastitic cows were served before 70 dpp than non-mastitic (24.86% vs 36.59% respectively P = 0.0137); mastitic cows had lower odds to be served than non-mastitic cows (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.3679-0.8938, P = 0.0141). Fewer mastitic cows became pregnant before 110 dpp than non-mastitic cows (36.72% vs 50.73%, respectively, P = 0.006) and mastitic cows had lower odds to become pregnant than non-mastitic cows (OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.3739-0.8495, P = 0.0062). Negative effect of clinical mastitis on percentage of cows served only was observed in primiparous cows, with 4.76% of mastitic cows being served in comparison with 30.19% of non-mastitic cows (P = 0.0017); primiparous mastitic cows had lower odds (0.11; 95% CI: 0.0249-0.5374, P = 0.0059) to be served than non-mastitic primiparous cows. Percentage of primiparous mastitic cows pregnant before 110 dpp was lower than non-mastitic cows (16.67% vs 37.74%, P = 0.0245) and mastitic cows had only 0.3300 odds (95% CI: 0.1234-0.8822, P = 0.0271) to become pregnant that primiparous non-mastitic. In multiparous, 42.96% of mastitic and 55.26% of non-mastitic cows (P = 0.0378) became pregnant before 110 dpp and mastitic cows had 0.6098 odd (95% CI: 0.3821-0.9730, P = 0.0380) to become pregnant than non-mastitic. In conclusion, clinical mastitis reduced the possibility of cows to be served and become pregnant during the first 70 and 110 dpp respectively, and the negative impact of clinical mastitis was more harmful in primiparous cows.
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Ferdous, J., MS Rahman, MI Khan, MAHNA Khan, and UK Rima. "Prevalence of clinical and subclinical caprine mastitis of northern region in Bangladesh." Progressive Agriculture 29, no. 2 (September 17, 2018): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v29i2.38296.
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Mastitis is a multifactorial and infectious disease of the udder of dairy animals. Infected animals suffer from pain and fever and causing damage in udder and changes in milk. The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence of clinical and sub-clinical caprine mastitis associated with bacterial pathogens during the period from January to June, 2017. A total of 120 lactating goats were randomly selected from different villages of Dinajpur district and 240 milk samples from each udder half were aseptically collected. The udders were examined and screened for the evidence of clinical and subclinical mastitis by clinical examination of udders and examining milk samples. Subclinical mastitis was detected by California Mastitis Test (CMT). Milk samples of all clinical and subclinical mastitis goats were cultured in/on bacteriological media for isolation and characterization of responsible bacterial pathogens. The overall prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis in goats was found to be 11.67% and 38.75%, respectively. Bacteriological examination of mastitic milk samples of caprine revealed Staphylococcus spp. (32.5%) as the major pathogen followed by Escherichia coli (22.5%), Pseudomonas spp. (12.5%), Klebsiella spp. (12.5%) and Bacillus spp. (5%). Results of this study indicated that about 50% of caprine udder were infected with mastitis (38.75%), which may render lowering milk production and mortality of goats and kids. It needs to screen milk sample of lactating goats by CMT, identify mastitic goats with infected bacteria, evaluate antibiotic sensitivity and design control strategy accordingly.Progressive Agriculture 29 (2): 127-138, 2018
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mastitis"
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Stravinskaitė, Vida. "Mastito sukėlėjų paplitimas Lietuvos galvijų populiacijoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140305_134420-88134.
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Darbo tikslas buvo nustatyti mastito sukėlėjų paplitimą Lietuvos pieninių galvijų populiacijoje. Įvertinti mastito sukėlėjų paplitimą Lietuvoje veisiamų pieninių galvijų bandose. Ištirti metų laiko įtaką mastitų sukėlėjų pasireiškimui karvių piene. Įvertinti mastitų sukėlėjų paplitimą karvių tešmens ketvirčiuose. Ištirti metų sezono ir mastito sukėlėjų įtaką somatinių ląstelių skaičiui pieno mėginiuose.The objective of this study was to estimate mastitis pathogens prelavence in Lithuanian dairy cattle population. Evaluate the prevalence of mastitis pathogens in dairy cattle herds in Lithuania. Investigate influence of the season to mastitis pathogens manifestation in cow‘s milk. Evaluate the prevalence of mastitis pathogens in udder quarters. Investigate effect of the season and mastitis pathogens on somatic cell count in milk samples.
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Mirošničenko, Virginija. "Mastito sukėlėjų įtaka karvių pieno sudėčiai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140305_134432-11712.
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Mastitas yra viena iš brangiausių ir dažniausiai pasitaikančių pieno ūkių problemų, kuri aktuali visam pasauliui. Ekonominiai nuostoliai patiriami kiekvieną dieną, dėl pieno kieko sumažėjimo, pieno kokybės suprastėjimo, didelių gydymo kaštų, mastitu sergančių karvių išbrokavimo.
Pirmame etape buvo tiriamos „X“ pieninių galvijų bandos karvės; antrame etape - 8 Lietuvos pieninių galvijų ūkių karvės. Buvo nustatyti visų karvių mastito sukėlėjai ir išanalizuoti jų pieno sudėties ir somatinių ląstelių skaičiaus kontrolės duomenys.
Pirmame tyrimo etape įvertinus mastito sukėlėjų paplitimą tirtoje pieninių galvijų bandoje nustatyta, kad labiausiai paplitę buvo Streptococcus spp (22,22 proc.)
Antrame tyrimo etape tirtose Lietuvos pieninių galvijų bandose labiausiai paplitę mastito sukėlėjai - Streptococcus spp. - 23 proc.
Tirtoje karvių bandoje didžiausias somatinių ląstelių skaičius buvo pieno mėginių karvių, kurioms buvo nustatyta Streptococcus spp. (D grupė) sukėlėjas – 3430 ± 305 tūkst./ml. Mažiausias pieno riebumo vidurkis nustatytas Staphylococcus spp. su Escherichia coli 3,38 ± 0,08 proc. Mažiausias baltymingumo vidurkis Staphilococcus aureus 3,1 ± 0,01 proc. Ir mažiausias laktozės vidurkis Streptococcus spp.4,1 ± 0,2 proc. (p<0,05).
Tirtose Lietuvos pieninių galvijų bandose didžiausias SLS kiekis nustatytas piene karvių, kurių mėginiuose buvo Staphylococcus spp. su Enterococcus spp - jų vidutinis somatinių ląstelių skaičius buvo 3198 ± 255 tūkst./ml. Mažiausias pieno... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Bovine mastitis is the most prevalent and costly disease, affecting dairy farms worldwide. Economic losses associated with mastitis derive mainly from a decrease in milk production and to a lesser extent, from the culling of chronically infected cows, cost of veterinary treatment, and penalties on milk quality. The researches was carried out in 2011 – 2014 at State Laboratory “Pieno Tyrimai”, at the Department of Animal Breeding of the Veterinary Academy of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences and in dairy farm. At the first phase there was investigated „X“ dairy cows herd. And at the second phase there was investigated Lithuanian dairy cow’s herds. In both have been investigated cow’s mastitis pathogens and analyzed cow’s milk structure changes. The biggest part of the cows in tested cows herd was found to be infected with Streptococcus spp. (22.22 proc.) and in Lithuanian dairy cows herds - Streptococcus spp. (23 proc.). The most elevated somatic cells count was determined in tested dairy cows infected with Streptococcus spp. (D group) (3430 ± 305 thousands/ml.). The most decrease milk fats was determined to Staphylococcus spp. and E. coli (3.38 ± 0.08 proc.). The most decreased milk proteins to - S. aureus (3.1 ± 0.01 proc.). And most decreased milk lactose to - Streptococcus spp.4.1 ± 0.2 proc. (p<0.05). The most elevated somatic cells count was determined, in Lithuanian dairy cows herds, infected with Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. (3198 ± 255... [to full text]
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Benevides, Nelson Filipe Silva. "Compreender as mastites bovinas : relação entre a contagem de células somáticas e a incidência de mastites clínicas." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7685.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaAs mastites bovinas constituem uma das doenças mais frequentes e com maior impacto económico nas explorações leiteiras. O presente trabalho procurou descrever a relação entre a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e a incidência de mastites clínicas, e foi realizado numa exploração de bovinos leiteiros da região do Ribatejo, com cerca de 400 vacas em lactação da raça Holstein Friesian. A exploração foi caracterizada para um conjunto de fatores que podem influenciar a dinâmica de infeções intramamárias: animal, ambiente e/ou maneio, nutrição, ordenha e micro-organismos. A contagem de células somáticas de leite de tanque anual do efetivo aumentou de 2007 para 2008. Com base no limiar das 200 000 células somáticas/ml de leite de vacas individuais determinou-se a percentagem de animais infetados e não infetados; com infeções crónicas, com infeções recentes, com auto-cura de infeções recentes e sem infeção; e a eficácia da terapêutica de secagem. De uma forma geral, tendo em conta estes parâmetros, constatou-se que a situação do efetivo piorou de 2007 para 2008. Em termos de mastites clínicas, as taxas de mastites e de recorrência foram mais elevadas em 2008 do que em 2007. As incidências médias de mastites clínicas por mês foram iguais em 2007 e em 2008. A incidência de mastites clínicas (IMC) por lactação, tanto em 2007 como em 2008, aumentou com o aumento do número de lactações, à exceção da transição da 3.ª para 4.ª lactação. Em 2008, a IMC por períodos de lactação de 60 dias, foi mais elevada nos primeiros 60 dias pós-parto, e, posteriormente foi diminuindo com o decorrer da lactação. Os micro-organismos mais frequentemente isolados, tanto de casos de mastite clínica como de mastite subclínica, foram Streptococcus uberis e Staphylococcus coagulase negativos. De casos de mastite clínica de grau II isolaram-se sobretudo bactérias de Gram positivo, enquanto nas de grau III foram, predominantemente, bactérias de Gram negativo. Relativamente ao estudo caso-controlo: relação entre a CCS de casos (animais diagnosticados com mastite clínica) e controlos (animais sem sinais visíveis de mastite clínica), verificou-se que a média de CCS dos casos foi mais elevada do que a dos controlos. No entanto, as diferenças registadas apenas foram estatisticamente significativas para a última e penúltima CCS antes do diagnóstico de mastite clínica.
ABSTRACT - UNDERSTANDING BOVINE MASTITIS: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOMATIC CELL COUNTS AND CLINICAL MASTITIS INCIDENCE - Bovine mastitis remains one of the most frequent diseases and with the greatest economic impact in commercial dairy farms. The present work describes the relationship between somatic cell count (SCC) and clinical mastitis incidence, and was conducted in a dairy herd in the Ribatejo region, with around 400 lactating Holstein Friesian cows. The farm was characterized for a group of factors that can influence the dynamics of intramammary infections: animal, environment and/or management, nutrition, milking and microorganisms. The annual bulk milk somatic cell count of the herd increased from 2007 to 2008. Based on the threshold of 200,000 cells/ml we determined the proportion of animals that were infected and not infected; with chronic infections, recent infections self-cure of recent infections and without infections; and the efficacy of dry cow therapy. In general, these parameters showed that the situation of the herd worsened from 2007 to 2008. Regarding clinical mastitis, the rate of mastitis and the recurrence rate were higher in 2008 than in 2007. The mean incidences of clinical mastitis per month were the same in 2007 and 2008. In 2007 and 2008, the clinical mastitis incidence (CMI) per lactation number, increased with increasing number of lactation, except in the transition from 3rd to 4th lactation. In 2008, CMI per lactation period of 60 days was higher during the first 60 days post-partum, and subsequently decreased over the course of lactation. The most frequently isolated microrganisms, both from clinical and subclinical mastitis cases were Streptococcus uberis and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Gram-positive bacteria were isolated mainly from grade II clinical mastitis cases, while Gram-negative bacteria were predominantly isolated from grade III clinical mastitis cases. For the case-control study: relationship between SCC of cases (animals diagnosed with clinical mastitis) and controls (animals without visible signs of clinical mastitis), we found that the average SCC of the cases was higher than that of controls; the difference observed was statistically significant for the last and penultimate SCC before the diagnosis of clinical mastitis.
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Sousa, João Miguel Bastos. "A hiperqueratose do canal do teto nas explorações leiteiras portuguesas. Causas e efeitos microbiológicos." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/512.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Saúde PúblicaA produção e acumulação de queratina no canal dos tetos dos bovinos, é uma resposta normal do epitélio do canal dos tetos à perda de queratina causada pela ordenha. No entanto, quando esta resposta é exagerada ocorre a hiperqueratose, que pode aumentar a vulnerabilidade do úbere a novas infecções. O objectivo deste estudo foi caracterizar uma amostra de explorações de bovinos leiteiros quanto à existência de hiperqueratose e observar os efeitos dos principais factores de risco sobre o canal do teto. Outro objectivo foi observar a influência da hiperqueratose sobre as mastites e analisar a existência de alguma associação entre a condição do canal dos tetos e os agentes microbiológicos detectados. As explorações amostradas participavam num programa de controlo da qualidade do leite e receberam duas visitas: uma para colheita de amostras compostas de leite a todos os animais para análise microbiológica, e outra visita para avaliação da hiperqueratose e a caracterização dos seus factores de risco. Das 17 explorações avaliadas, 71% tinham mais de 20% dos animais com níveis de hiperqueratose altos (2B, 2C e 2D). A prevalência de animais com níveis de hiperqueratose altos, variou entre 5% e 43% nas explorações observadas. Os factores de risco considerados neste estudo que demonstraram estar associados ao aparecimento da hiperqueratose foram a forma, a posição (OR= 1,26, p<0,05), o comprimento dos tetos (OR= 1,68, p<0,00), o número de lactações (OR= 2,72, p<0,00), o número de dias de lactação (OR= 2,10, p<0,00), o vácuo de ordenha nas tetinas (OR= 1,64, p<0,05). Os dois factores que demonstraram uma relação mais forte com a hiperqueratose foram, a inexistência de retiradores automáticos das tetinas na máquina de ordenha (OR= 3,75, p<0,00) e a utilização de desinfectantes dos tetos no final da ordenha (OR= 3,41, p<0,00). Foi observado que os tetos com hiperqueratose tiveram um risco maior de sofrerem mastites e esta associação é tanto mais forte quanto maior for o nível de hiperqueratose. Observou-se também que a hiperqueratose influenciava o tipo de agentes que infectava o úbere pois os animais com hiperqueratose, tinham um risco maior de sofrerem infecção por Enterococcus spp (OR= 2,02, p<0,05), Enterobactereaceae (OR=1,73, p<0,05) e Streptococcus agalactiae (OR= 2,76, p<0,05) e os animais com níveis baixos de hiperqueratose tinham uma maior probabilidade de não terem nenhuma infecção do úbere (OR= 2,42, p<0,00), indicando que a hiperqueratose interfere na eficácia do canal do teto em travar a entrada de microrganismos patogénicos. Com este trabalho foi possível concluir que a hiperqueratose constitui um problema em muitas das explorações observadas e pode contribuir para o aparecimento de algumas mastites.
ABSTRACT : The production and accumulation of keratin in the teat channel is the normal reaction of the teat channel epithelium to certain stimulus such as, mechanical milking. But when this reaction occurs in excessive quantities there is hyperkeratosis that may raise the vulnerability of the udder to new intramammary infections. The objective of this study was to characterize the hyperkeratosis on a sample of dairy farms and observe the effects of the most important risk factors. Another objective was to study the relation between hyperkeratosis and mastitis, and to analyse the existence of any associations of teat condition and the microbiological pathogens detected in the milk samples of the observed animals. A small sample of dairy farms involved in a milk quality control program was visited twice, one visit to collect milk samples from each cow for microbiological analysis and another visit to evaluate teat hyperkeratosis and its related risk factors. Of the 17 dairy farms studied, 71% had more than 20% of the cows with high levels of hyperkeratosis. The prevalence of cows with high levels of hyperkeratosis in the dairy farms visited, variated between 5% and 43%. The risk factors associated with the appearance of hyperkeratosis were, the form, the position (OR= 1,26, p<0,05) and the length of the teats (OR= 1,68, p<0,00), the number of lactations (OR= 2,72, p<0,00), the days in milk (OR= 2,10, p<0,00), the milking vacuum in the liners (OR= 1,64, p<0,05), and the two most important factors, that had the strongest association with hyperkeratosis were, the existence of automatic liner detachers (OR= 3,75, p<0,00) and the disinfection of the teats after milking (OR= 3,41, p<0,00). Teats with hyperkeratosis had a higher risk of suffering mastitis and this risk was higher as the level of hyperkeratosis increased. The hyperkeratosis influenced the infections of the udder because the cows with hyperkeratosis had a greater risk of being infected with Enterococcus spp (OR= 2,02, p<0,05), Enterobactereaceae (OR= 1,73, p<0,05), Streptococcus agalactiae (OR= 2,76, p<0,05) and cows with low levels of hyperkeratosis had a high probability of having no udder infection (OR= 2,42, p<0,00) showing that hyperkeratosis weakens the barrier function of the teat channel. With this work we concluded that hyperkeratosis is a problem in most of the observed dairy farms and it can play an important role in mastitis occurrence.
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Efthenakis, George Christou. "Ovine mastitis with special reference to subclinical mastitis associated with coagulase-negative staphylococci." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522196.
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El-Masannat, Emile Tawfiq Salem. "A study of ovine mastitis with special reference to mastitis caused by pasteurella haemolytica." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286175.
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Junior, Roberto Bellizia Raia. "Fatores fisiológicos, clínicos e farmacológicos, determinantes de resíduos de antimicrobiano no leite, avaliados em protocolos terapêuticos de mastite em bovinos leiteiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9141/tde-31072006-141628/.
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Atualmente a terapia e as práticas de manejo da mastite estão baseadas na administração de agentes antimicrobianos com ampla atividade contra os microrganismos mais comuns desta doença. Os fármacos são administrados diretamente no canal da teta e/ou por sistêmica. Os tratamentos com antimicrobianos são realizados durante o período seco como terapia preventiva, ou durante o período de lactação como terapia curativa. O leite produzido por animais tratados pode conter resíduos do medicamento. A presença de resíduos de antimicrobianos no leite constitui um risco para a saúde pública devido ao fenômeno de múltipla resistência, bem como uma causa de perdas econômicas, considerando a fabricação de queijo e iogurte, entre outros derivados lácteos. A proposta deste estudo foi avaliar alguns fatores que contribuem para a ocorrência de resíduos em vacas tratadas além do período recomendado para descarte. Os fatores avaliados foram: fisiológico, como a produção leiteira; clínico, como a mastite e farmacológico como a via de administração e o fármaco utilizado. Foi usado um teste comercial para a detecção de resíduos (Delvotest®) por inibição microbiológica. Entre os fatores estudados, foi demonstrada a influência da produção leiteira, ou seja, animais com produção leiteira maior do que 20L/dia apresentaram menor ocorrência de resíduo (39,5%), quando comparado com aqueles com produção menor do que 20L/dia (70,7%) e a diferença foi significante (P < 0,0001). Entre os fatores clínicos foi determinado que a presença e intensidade do processo inflamatório contribuem para a ocorrência de resíduos. Deste modo, entre os quartos com mastite clínica tratados o nível de resíduo foi 47,7%, os quartos com mastite subclínica tratados apresentaram 34,9% e os controles 9,5% (quartos sem mastite tratados) e a diferença entre os três grupos foi significante (P = 0,0381, P = 0,0008, P = 0,0209). Ao se comparar a ocorrência de resíduos no leite de quartos tratados durante a lactação (41,9%) com os resíduos nos quartos que receberam a terapia de vaca seca (23,2%) foi observado um maior nível entre os grupos tratados durante a lactação e a diferença foi significante (P < 0,0001). Em relação aos fatores farmacológicos, a via de aplicação bem como o grupo farmacológico do antimicrobiano utilizado no tratamento foram demonstradas diferenças estatísticas tanto para os diversos antimicrobianos, quanto para as vias de administração. Um maior nível de resíduo foi observado entre os grupos farmacológicos em quartos tratados por via intramamária com aminoglicosídeos (gentamicina) (66,7%). E o maior nível de resíduo foi observado quando ambas as vias foram utilizadas simultaneamente, tanto para aminoglicosídeos (93,7%), quanto para betalactâmicos (100%). O conhecimento de que o pKa dos antimicrobianos irá determinar diferentes níveis de distribuição nos órgãos e tecidos sustenta a hipótese que a via de administração pode influenciar a presença de resíduos de antimicrobianos no leite. Conseqüentemente, o uso simultâneo das duas vias de administração, uma prática comum, contribuiu também para um alto risco da ocorrência de resíduos de antimicrobianos. Deve-se ressaltar que a redução da presença de resíduos no leite não depende apenas de normas e regulamentos, mas envolve uma orientação aos produtores e aos veterinários para controlar e/ou prevenir os fatores de risco. Assim, os resultados deste estudo irão contribuir para esclarecer alguns aspectos importantes para um melhor entendimento da ocorrência de resíduo no leite além do período recomendado para descarte.Current mastitis therapy and management practices are base on the administration of antimicrobial agents with high activity against most common mastitis bacterial pathogens. Drugs are administrated directly into the teat canal and/or systemically. Antibiotic treatments are performed during the dry period as preventive therapy, or during the lactating periods as therapeutic cure. Milk produced from treated animals may contain drug residues. The presence of antibiotic residues in milk constitutes a public health risk due to the multi-resistance phenomenon, as well as, a source of economical losses, considering the industries of cheese and yogurts, among others dairy products. The purpose of this study was evaluated some factors that contribute to the occurrence of residues in treated cows beyond the recommended discarded period. The evaluated factors were: physiological, as milk production, clinical, as mastitis and pharmacological, as routes and antimicrobials. It was used a commercial test for residues detection (Delvotest®) by microbiological inhibition. Among the clinical factors it was demonstrated the influence of the milk production, so animals with milk production higher than 20 L/day showed lower occurrence of residues (39.5%), compared to the ones with less than 20 L/day (70.7%) the difference was significant (P<0.0001). Among the clinical factors it was determinated that the presence of inflammatory process and the intensity of it, contributes to the presence of residues. Therefore, among the clinical mastitis treated quartes the level of residues was 47.7%, while the subclinical treated quartes showed 34.9% and, the control ones 9.5% (i.e. treated quartes without mastitis) and the difference among the three groups was significant (P=0.0381, P=0.0008, P=0.0209).Comparing the residues in milk from treated quartes during lactation (41.9%) with the quartes that received the dry cow therapy (23.2%) it was observed a higher level of residues among the groups treated during the lactation and the difference was significant (P<0.0001). Among the pharmacological factors, the routes as well the pharmacological group of the antimicrobials used in the treatment showed statistical differences either among the antimicrobials as well as the administration routes. A high level of residues was observed among pharmacological groups in quartes treated by intramammarian route with aminoglicosides (gentamicin) (66.7%). And, the highest level of residues was observed when both route where used simultaneously, either with aminoglicosides (93.7%) as well as with betalactamics (100%). The knowledge that different pKa among the antimicrobials will determine the level of distribution in different organs and tissues, support the hypothesis that the administration route could influence the presence of residues of antibiotics in milk. Consequently, the simultaneous use of both administration routes, a very usual practice, could also contributes to a higher risk of antimicrobial residue occurrence. To reduce this possibility, it is not only a matter of Regulatory Affairs, but also involves the dairy farmers and veterinarians\' proper orientation about how to avoid and to control the risk factors, therefore, the results of this study will contribute to clarify some important aspects to a better understanding of the occurrence of residues in milk beyond the recommend discard period.
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Quirk, Tracy Elizabeth. "Coagulase-negative staphylococci mastitis management." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2010/T_QUIRK_042310.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in animal sciences)--Washington State University, May 2010.Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 22, 2010). "Department of Animal Sciences." Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-65).
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Galligan, Carole Lynn. "Inflammatory cytokines in bovine mastitis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0021/NQ47391.pdf.
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Junior, Roberto Mangieri. "Comparação entre a contagem de células somáticas obtidas de secreção láctea de vacas com mastite sub-clínica, antes e depois de tratamento homeopático." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-31082007-093627/.
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Objetivou-se neste trabalho, comparar se o tratamento homeopático eliminou ou não o agente causal das mastites subclinicas; se houve alteração na contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e a variação da produção láctea antes e depois do tratamento homeopático proposto. Utilizou-se 34 glândulas mamárias de 22 vacas que apresentavam mastite subclinica, CMT 2+ e 3+, pluríparas entre o terceiro e sexto me de lactação e entre a segunda e a quinta cria. Foram divididas em 2 grupos. O grupo teste-homeopatia recebeu 15 glóbulos do medicamento Phytolaca decandra 6 CH duas vezes ao dia,e o grupo controle recebeu 15 glóbulos inertes, duas vezes ao dia, por 15 dias consecutivos. Ao final do experimento, não houve diferença significativa entre as contagens de células somáticas da secreção láctea das glândulas quando comparadas antes e depois do tratamento homeopático, bem como quando comparou-se ambos os grupos. Porém, observou-se que a produção láctea dos animais tratados com remédio homeopático aumentou significativamente (P<0,05) em 2,5 kg/leite/dia em média. No grupo tratado com placebo não houve diferença significativa na produção láctea no mesmo período.Mammary gland inflammatory process has been particularly frequent and important in dairy cattle and gives a lot of damage. Infectious mastitis is the most important injury either by economic or public health points of view. Identify the aggressor microorganism and somatic cells count (SCC) in milk are important tools to avail the sanitary conditions of the herd and how victim react against the aggressor. In clinical mastitis, the signs of the injury and resulting reaction of the organism who suffer the injury are evident, clear, so are seem signs and symptoms of inflammation. Otherwise, in sub-clinical mastitis, signs and symptoms of inflammations are not seen, and to realize it there are technical methods. In this case, the option was use as sub-clinical mastitis indicator the Tamis test (black ground cup) and the CMT (California Mastitis Test). Then, was chosen 22 cows that obtained score 2+ and 3+ on CMT test of each teat, between third and sixth months milking and second and fifth birth. They were separated into two groups. Homeopathy is a kind of therapy that has been recently used in animals with such satisfactory results. The conventional drugs have restricted use on organic production and in same cases are forbidden. In the start of this investigation, before the homeopathic treatment, was collected, from the each teat that had sub-clinical mastitis (CMT 2+ and 3+), two milk samples. One of then was sent to somatic cells count (SCC) and another to the microbiological laboratory to identify the microorganism. Milk production from each cow, were under control all time. Since this point the group called Test-homeopathy received the homeopathic medication Phytolacca decandra 6 ch, 15 pills twice a day, and the group called Control, received placebo, 15 pills twice a day, for both groups. At the end of 15 days of treatment, a new double collect of milk samples from each same teats were done. The samples were sent again to the microbiological laboratory to identify the microorganism implicated and to somatic cells counter (SCC) laboratory. The weight of milk production of each cow was controlled before and after treatment of each cow from both groups. At the end of research, there were no significant rates between somatic cells counts (SCC) of the milk when compared before and after homeopathic treatment, as well as when compared among both groups. But, it was observed that milk production of cows which received homeopathic treatment had an increase statistically significant (P<0,05) on 2,5 kg of milk/ day in media, and the group which received placebo there were no significant rates in milk productions in the same time.
Books on the topic "Mastitis"
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Thomas, G., H. J. Over, U. Vecht, and P. Nansen, eds. Summer Mastitis. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3373-6.
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Koksal, Hande, and Naim Kadoglou, eds. Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30391-3.
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Hogeveen, H., ed. Mastitis in dairy production. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-550-5.
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Development, World Health Organization Department of Child and Adolescent Health and. Mastitis: Causes and management. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2000.
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Ontario. Ministry of Agriculture and Food. Mastitis Prevention: Environmental Control. S.l: s.n, 1990.
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L, Anderson Kevin, ed. Update on bovine mastitis. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1993.
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L, Anderson Kevin, ed. Update on bovine mastitis. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1993.
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Philpot, W. Nelson. Winning the fight against mastitis. Naperville, IL: Westfalia Surge, 2000.
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O'Shea, J. Controlling mastitis: Control of clinical mastitis and mastitis cell counts in milk : an important aspect of quality milk production. Wexford: Wexford Creamery Ltd., and Wexford Milk Producers, 1995.
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Blowey, R., and P. Edmondson, eds. Mastitis control in dairy herds. Wallingford: CABI, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781845935504.0000.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Mastitis"
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Ramos, Diana E., and Subir Roy. "Mastitis." In Breast Care, 177–85. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2144-9_18.
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Markowski, Maryanne E. "Mastitis." In Encyclopedia of Women’s Health, 778–80. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48113-0_260.
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Peters, Friedolf, and Orsolya Genzel-Boroviczény. "Mastitis." In Infektionserkrankungen der Schwangeren und des Neugeborenen, 621–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78325-1_49.
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Hansen, Wendy F. "Mastitis." In Protocols for High-Risk Pregnancies, 361–65. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444323870.ch44.
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Hussein, Mansour F. "Mastitis." In Infectious Diseases of Dromedary Camels, 153–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79389-0_24.
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Schüler-Toprak, Susanne, and Stephan Seitz. "Mastitis." In Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, 119–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59164-2_7.
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Hillerton, J. E. "The Epidemiology of Summer Mastitis." In Summer Mastitis, 3–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3373-6_1.
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van den Bogaard, A. E., U. Vecht, and J. Sol. "Gaschromatographic Analysis of Summer Mastitis Secretions for the Presumptive Diagnosis of Infections by Obligate Anaerobic Bacteria." In Summer Mastitis, 63–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3373-6_10.
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Reichmuth, J., and G. Hahn. "Summer Mastitis: Bacteriological Aspects." In Summer Mastitis, 68–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3373-6_11.
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Bramley, A. J. "Aetiology and Pathogenesis of Summer Mastitis." In Summer Mastitis, 81–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3373-6_12.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Mastitis"
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Abreu, Thiago Martins de, Arthur Gomes Pidde, Pedro Henrique de Ávila Perillo, Silvaleide Ataides Assunção, Ianca Leandra Santos, and Débora Sara de Almeida Cardoso. "DELAY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA DUE TO AN INFECTIOUS MASTITIS: CASE REPORT." In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2067.
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Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cause among women, with invasive ductal carcinoma (ICD) being the most prevalent and having great phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity and the ability to metastasize. In turn, mastitis is an inflammation in the breast region, infectious or noninfectious causes, most commonly affecting lactating women. Objectives: It is intended to report a case of ICD accompanied by infectious mastitis and its reverberations. Case Report: A 27-year-old woman presents with a clinical history of mastitis in her left breast that occurred about 3 months ago after weaning her son. She also explained about the use of antibiotic therapy, multiple previous drainages, and local complication with engorgement, edema, erythema, and purulent drainage in the surgical ostium of the left breast. A new drainage and material collection was carried out. Computed tomography of the chest indicated a solid heterogeneous lesion, dense, irregular contours, with areas of air trapping, liquefaction, and cleavage plane with the left pectoralis major muscle and ipsilateral axillary adenomegaly. Pathological pathology confirmed the hypothesis of neoplasia, indicating grade III ICD in comedonecrosis. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated triple-negative character and culture, positivity for Corynebacterium renale. She started neoadjuvant chemotherapy with reduced breast volume and absence of secretion today. Discussion: This is a common and problematic situation in health systems. Repeated outpatient referrals, invasive processes without resolution, aggravating the patient’s case. Moreover, it is noted that mastitis has delayed the diagnosis of the neoplasm, which, depending on the delay, may result in a worse prognosis or a more aggressive or expensive treatment. Conclusion: The diagnostic investigation of neoplasms is of great importance in case of prolonged mastitis not responsive to treatment, due to the fact that many mastitides may come from neoplastic processes that generate the lesion, which can make this injured area conducive to bacterial proliferation.
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Lidiyawati, Anna, Binti Khopsoh, and Riska Faradila. "Kejadian Mastitis Subklinis Pada Induk Sapi Perah Laktasi di Desa Sumbersari Kecamatan Udanawu Kabupaten Blitar." In Kedaulatan Pangan Nasional Melalui Pengembangan Potensi Ternak Lokal di Era Kenormalan Baru. Animal Science : Polije Proceedings Series, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/proc.anim.sci.2020.12.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jumlah induk sapi perah laktasi yang terindikasi mastitis subklinis di Desa Sumbersari Kecamatan Udanawu Kabupaten Blitar. Metode survei dan wawancara dilakukan terhadap 12 peternak sapi perah dengan kriteria responden adalah peternak sapi perah yang telah memelihara sapi perah selama 2 tahun. Jumlah sapi perah yang diperiksa menggunakan uji mastitis California (CMT) adalah 136 ekor dan dilakukan wawancara terhadap peternak tentang cara pencegahan yang sudah dilakukan dalam mengurangi kejadian mastitis subklinis. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisa menggunakan Analisa deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 41,91% induk laktasi ternyata terindikasi mastitis subklinis. Sisanya 58,08 % induk laktasi dalam kondisi yang sehat tidak ditemukan mastitis klinis. Pencelupan antiseptik pasca pemerahan dilakukan kepada 20 induk sapi sebagai perlakuan sedangkan sisanya 116 ekor hanya dilakukan pembilasan. Belum ditemukan peternak sapi perah yang memberikan treatment pada masa kering dan cek mastitis secara berkala, peternak hanya berfokus pada penambahan pakan untuk induk sebagai persiapan sebelum melahirkan. Untuk mengurangi kejadian mastitis maka perlu adanya edukasi ditingkat peternak berkaitan dengan penanganan susu, teat dips, treatment masa kering dan tes mastitis secara berkala.
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Nakov, Dimitar, Biljana Zlatanovska, Mirjana Kocaleva-Vitanova, Marija Miteva, Slavča Hristov, and Branislav Stanković. "Mathematical modeling and machine learning prediction for prevalence dynamics of clinical mastitis in dairy herds." In Zbornik radova 26. medunarodni kongres Mediteranske federacije za zdravlje i produkciju preživara - FeMeSPRum. Poljoprivredni fakultet Novi Sad, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/femesprumns24022n.
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Mastitis remains one of the major diseases in dairy herds, causing profound economic losses to the entire milk production chain. The main aim of the study was an application of mathematical models and machine learning algorithms for the prediction of mastitis transmission in the dairy cow population. Data used for mathematical models and machine learning algorithms were obtained in a cross-sectional longitudinal survey lasting for one year by analyzing data for clinical mastitis occurrence in three dairy herds. For data prediction, simple SIR and SIRS mathematical models without vital dynamics and Weka software were applied. The annual prevalence rate of clinical mastitis for the entire population of cows was 34.13% on the cow level, 30.07% on the lactation level, while lactation incident risk was 45.86%. Most of the cows manifested one (68.24%) or two (18.63%) cases of clinical mastitis during lactation. The SIR model revealed that after a short time, the epidemic will disappear. From the explanation and the graphical presentations, it can be concluded that the stable point DFE attracts the trajectories of the system. The mastitis on the farms is calming down, and with these parameters of the model, an epidemic cannot occur. With the use of the decision table as one of the most used classification rules and cross-validation folds 10 we can best predict mastitis occurrence in dairy farms. Implementation of a good mastitis prevention program in dairy herds by increasing the rates of control parameters will reduce the mastitis pathogens transmission rates leading to a reduction of mastitis incidence.
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Stanojević, Jovan, Miodrag Radinović, Zorana Kovačević, Mihajlo Erdeljan, Jovan Spasojević, and Tijana Kukurić. "Effect of subclinical mastitis on metabolic profile in dairy cows." In Zbornik radova 26. medunarodni kongres Mediteranske federacije za zdravlje i produkciju preživara - FeMeSPRum. Poljoprivredni fakultet Novi Sad, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/femesprumns24034s.
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Mastitis is one of the most important disease in dairy cows, leading to signifficance economic losses. Subclinical mastitis is defined as inflammation of udder without any visible changes in the udder and milk. The aim of this study was investigate the influence of subclinical mastitis on the metabolic parameters in dairy cows. The study included 40 holstein Friesian cows with the same body score condition and in the same lactation phase. Divided into two groups of 20 each; subclinical mastitis and a control group of healthy cows. Cows with subclinical mastitis were detected by CMT (California mastitis test). Blood was sampled from the jugular vein, after morning milking and the concentration of glucose, NEFA, BHB, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulin, AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus ere determined. This study showed significant increase in concentration of NEFA, total protein, globulin and LDH in cows affected by subclinical mastitis compared to control group. On the other hand concentration of triglycerides and ALT was significant lower in cows affected by subclinical mastitis compared to healthy ones. Increase of the NEFA concentration and decrease in concentration of triglycerides can indicate on the increase of lipid mobilization with consequently possible development fatty liver or ketosis in cows, while increase in concentration of total protein and globulin indicate on inflammation. Beside, increase concentration of LDH in blood serum with increase of somatic cell count in the milk may be useful indicator for detect subclinical mastitis in dairy cows.
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Pramana, Cipta. "Mastitis pada Ibu Menyusui." In Manajemen Laktasi Berbasis Evidence Based Terkini. Sebatik, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46984/978-623-94453-9-3-1458.
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Panjuni, Mega Mila, Farizal Abdi Firdaus, Erfan Kustiawan, Hariadi Subagja, and Theo Mahiseta Syahniar. "Pengobatan mastitis pada sapi perah Peranakan Friesian Holstein di UPT Pembibitan Ternak dan Hijauan Makanan Ternak Kediri." In The 2nd National Conference of Applied Animal Science (CAAS) 2021. Politeknik Negeri Jember, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/animpro.2021.18.
Full textAbstract:
Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengobatan mastitis pada sapi perah di UPT Pembibitan Ternak dan Hijauan Makanan Ternak Kediri. Studi ini merupakan studi kasus di lapangan yang dilakukan dengan cara melakukan pengobatan secara langsung kepada ternak yang terinfeksi mastitis, observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka. Pelaksanaan pengobatan dilakukan di UPT Pembibitan Ternak dan Hijauan Makanan Ternak Kediri selama 7 hari yaitu pada tanggal 14 September sampai dengan 20 September 2020. Penanganan terhadap ternak yang terdiagnosa mastitis di UPT Pembibitan Ternak dan Hijauan Makanan Ternak Kediri perlu dilakukan berupa pengobatan karena terjadi penurunan rata-rata produksi susu sebesar 5,1 liter/hari. Pengobatan mastitis dilakukan dengan menggunakan Biomycin M, Vet-Oxy La, dan Phenylject. Pengobatan tersebut menunjukkan pengaruh yang baik terhadap sapi perah. Hal tersebut ditandai dengan sembuhnya ternak yang terjangkit mastitis dan meningkatnya kembali produksi susu sebesar 1,6 liter/hari setelah dilakukan pengobatan. Hasil pengamatan dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengobatan dengan menggunakan Biomycin M, Vet-Oxy La, dan Phenylject dapat menyembuhkan mastitis pada sapi perah.
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Radinović, Miodrag, Zorana Kovačević, Ivana Davidov, Mihajlo Erdeljan, Marija Pajić, Jovan Stanojević, and Ramiz Ćutuk. "Significance of clinical mastitis in dairy cows." In Zbornik radova 26. medunarodni kongres Mediteranske federacije za zdravlje i produkciju preživara - FeMeSPRum. Poljoprivredni fakultet Novi Sad, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/femesprumns24027r.
Full textAbstract:
Mastitis represents one of the most significant health disorders in dairy cow herds. They can produce significant direct and indirect losses. In relation to the intensity of the changes that are present, mastitis can be marked as subclinical or clinical. Clinical forms of mastitis are accompanied by clear changes in the mammary gland tissue and secretion of the mammary gland and changes in the general condition of the animal. Often, if there is no adequate and timely therapy, they can have a fatal outcome. Because of this, it is necessary to approach the procedure of diagnosis and treatment of severe clinical forms of mastitis with special attention. This includes program of mastitis control with focus on clinical changes and emphasis on urgent therapy.
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SILVA, SERGIO E. LEMOS DA, THALITA VIEIRA VINHAL, GUSTAVO PAULA DE OLIVEIRA, GABRIELA FRATARI FREITAS, LUANNA DE SOUZA FERNANDES, and HEMONIELLE GOMES DE MELO SILVEIRA. "PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE OF CLINICAL AND SUBCLINICAL BOVINE MASTITIS IN A DAIRY HERD IN THE SOUTHEAST OF GOIÁS, BRAZIL." In II South Florida Congress of Development. brazco, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47172/iisfcdv2022.0023.
Full textAbstract:
Bovine mastitis is a disease of extreme importance to the dairy production chain, since it causes economic losses in production. Mastitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the mammary glands. There are two forms of presentation of the disease, the clinical and subclinical, requiring diagnostic tests to differentiate them. This article aimed to verify the prevalence and incidence of mastitis in a dairy farm located in the southeast of the state of Goiás. To carry out this research, the Somatic Cell Count (SCC) test was used. The results showed 54% mastitis prevalence, a lower value if compared to other studies. The incidence of clinical mastitis was also low, and it was possible to observe periods of more than 30 days without any identification of new cases, due to the care taken on the property, such as the correct management of the herd and milking, hygiene and the use of qualified labor. According to the SCC findings, it can be inferred that the low values of the epidemiological indicators analyzed may be associated with good management and hygiene practices practiced on the property, reducing the prevalence and incidence of mastitis.
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Zarpelon Kunz, Rafaela, Tatiana Freitas Tourinho, Maria Lúcia Lemos Lopes, Maria Odete Esteves Hilario, Eduardo Rosa de Oliveira, Thiago Willers, Rafael Coradin, et al. "CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS MASTITIS: CASE REPORT." In Congresso Brasileiro de Reumatologia 2020. Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47660/cbr.2020.16952.
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Zainettinova, D. B., M. N. Julanov, and N. N. Mukhamadiyeva. "Etiology of mastitis in cows." In Scientific achievements of the third millennium. SPC "LJournal", 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/scc-05-2018-11.
Full textReports on the topic "Mastitis"
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Sordillo, Lorraine, Don Wojchowski, Gary Perdew, Arthur Saran, and Gabriel Leitner. Identification of Staphylococcus aureaus Virulence Factors Associated with Bovine Mastitis. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7574340.bard.
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Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of mastitis in dairy cattle. The organism is able to adhere to and penetrate mammary epithelium, forming deep seated abscesses that result in chronic infections. This study was based on the observation that certain genotypes of S. aureus are isolated more frequently from field cases of bovine mastitis than others and the most prevalent genotypes of S. aureus have an increased ability to resist neutrophil phagocytosis and killing compared to the rare variants. It was hypothesized that these predominating genotypes differentially express virulence factors that allow them to overcome or suppress essential host defense mechanisms and successfully colonize mammary parenchyma. The overall objective of this study was to determine the mechanisms by which predominating S. aureus genotypes were able to resist mammary gland defense mechanisms. The following specific aims were accomplished to address the overall objectives of this project: 1. Analyze and compare cell surface and secreted protein profiles of common and rare S. aureus genotypes isolated from field cases of bovine mastitis. 2. Purify and sequence selectively synthesized proteins unique to the most prevalent genotypes of S. aureus . 3. Determine the in vitro effects of isolated proteins on essential host defense mechanisms. Results from each specific aim showed that these redominating genotypes differentially express factors that may allow them to overcome or suppress essential host defense mechanisms and successfully colonize mammary parenchyma. Using complementary approaches, both the US and Israeli teams identified differentially expressed S. aureus factors that were positively correlated with virulence as determined by the ability to modify host immune cell responses and increase disease pathogenesis. Several candidate virulence factors have ben identified at both the molecular (US team) and protein (Israeli team) levels. Components of the phosphotransferase system were shown to be differentially expressed in prevalent strains of S. aureus and to modify the growth potential of these strains in a milk microenvironment. Evidence provided by both the Israeli and US teams also demonstrated a potential role of Staphylococcal enterotoxins in the pathogenesis of mastitis. Certain enterotoxins were shown to directly affect neutrophil bactericidal activities which can profoundly affect the establishment of new intramammary infections. Other evidence suggests that S. aureus superantigens can suppress mammary defenses by enhancing lymphoid suppressor cell activity. Collectively, these data suggest that unique factors are associated with predominating S. aureus genotypes that can affect in vitro and in vivo virulence as related to the pathogenesis of bovine mastitis. The potential development of a subunit mastitis vaccine which incorporates only relevant antigenic determinants has not been investigated in depth. Experiments outlined in this proposal has identified putative virulence factors which contribute to the pathogenesis of S. aureus mastitis and which may be used to formulate an efficacious subunit mastitis vaccine. Results from these studies may lead to the development of new methods to prevent this costly disease, providing a viable alternative to less effective mastitis control procedures based on chemotherapy.
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Shpigel, Nahum Y., Ynte Schukken, and Ilan Rosenshine. Identification of genes involved in virulence of Escherichia coli mastitis by signature tagged mutagenesis. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699853.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Mastitis, an inflammatory response of the mammary tissue to invading pathogenic bacteria, is the largest health problem in the dairy industry and is responsible for multibillion dollar economic losses. E. coli are a leading cause of acute mastitis in dairy animals worldwide and certainly in Israel and North America. The species E. coli comprises a highly heterogeneous group of pathogens, some of which are commensal residents of the gut, infecting the mammary gland after contamination of the teat skin from the environment. As compared to other gut microflora, mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) may have undergone evolutionary adaptations that improve their fitness for colonization of the unique and varied environmental niches found within the mammary gland. These niches include competing microbes already present or accompanying the new colonizer, soluble and cellular antimicrobials in milk, and the innate immune response elicited by mammary cells and recruited immune cells. However, to date, no specific virulence factors have been identified in E. coli isolates associated with mastitis. The original overall research objective of this application was to develop a genome-wide, transposon-tagged mutant collection of MPEC strain P4 and to use this technology to identify E. coli genes that are specifically involved in mammary virulence and pathogenicity. In the course of the project we decided to take an alternative genome-wide approach and to use whole genomes bioinformatics analysis. Using genome sequencing and analysis of six MPEC strains, our studies have shown that type VI secretion system (T6SS) gene clusters were present in all these strains. Furthermore, using unbiased screening of MPEC strains for reduced colonization, fitness and virulence in the murine mastitis model, we have identified in MPEC P4-NR a new pathogenicity island (PAI-1) encoding the core components of T6SS and its hallmark effectors Hcp, VgrG and Rhs. Next, we have shown that specific deletions of T6SS genes reduced colonization, fitness and virulence in lactating mouse mammary glands. Our long-term goal is to understand the molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions in the mammary gland and to relate these mechanisms to disease processes and pathogenesis. We have been able to achieve our research objectives to identify E. coli genes that are specifically involved in mammary virulence and pathogenicity. The project elucidated a new basic concept in host pathogen interaction of MPEC, which for the best of our knowledge was never described or investigated before. This research will help us to shed new light on principles behind the infection strategy of MPEC. The new targets now enable prevalence and epidemiology studies of T6SS in field strains of MPEC which might unveil new geographic, management and ecological risk factors. These will contribute to development of new approaches to treat and prevent mastitis by MPEC and perhaps other mammary pathogens. The use of antibiotics in farm animals and specifically to treat mastitis is gradually precluded and thus new treatment and prevention strategies are needed. Effective mastitis vaccines are currently not available, structural components and effectors of T6SS might be new targets for the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics.
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Nelson, Corwin, Donald C. Beitz, and John Lippolis. Activation of Vitamin D3 in Bovine Mastitis Caused by Streptococcus uberis. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-951.
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Aryeetey, Richmond, Grace S. Marquis, Leo L. Timms, A. Lartley, and L. Brakohiapa. Prevalence of Subclinical Mastitis in Ghanaian Women Based on Elevated Sodium:Potassium Ratio. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-727.
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Boll, April, and Leo L. Timms. Use of the California Mastitis Test and an On-Farm Culture System for Strategic Identification and Treatment of Fresh Cow Subclinical Intramammary Infections and Treatment of Clinical Mastitis. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-50.
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Aryeetey, Richmond, Grace Marquis, Leo L. Timms, A. Lartley, and L. Brakohiapa. Relationship of Subclinical Mastitis in Ghanaian Women and Breast Milk Intake by Infants. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-149.
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Gorden, Patrick J., Michael D. Kleinhenz, Larry W. Wulf, Butch KuKanich, Chang J. Lee, Chong Wang, and Johann F. Coetzee. Altered Plasma Pharmacokinetics of Ceftiofur Hydrochloride in Cows Affected with Severe Clinical Mastitis. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-216.
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Timms, Leo L. Teat Coverage Persistency of Novel Teat Dip Prototypes for Dry Period Mastitis Control. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-9.
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Leitner, Gabriel, and Naomi Balaban. Novel Immunotherapeutic Agent for the Treatment and Prevention of Staphylococcal Mastitis in Dairy Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7709880.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Staphylococci are the most common and costly mammary disease of dairy cattle worldwide. TRAP, a membrane associated 167AA protein, is highly conserved among staphylococci. The aims of this study were to test the safety and efficacy of recombinant TRAP (rTRAP) vaccine in dairy animals. The vaccine was safe as 2-3 subcutaneous injections of rTRAP (54–100μg) with adjuvant ISA 206 to cows and goats did not lead to any abnormal symptoms of sensitivity to the vaccine. The rTRAP vaccine was immunogenic and caused the induction of a humoral immune response that remained high for at least 160 days post second immunization. rTRAP vaccine also elicited a cell-mediated immune response (memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells), as determined by lymphocyte proliferation assays. The rTRAP vaccine was efficacious as at parturition, only 13.5% heifers in the immunized group were infected with Staphylococcus chromogenes as compared to 42.9% in the non immunized group. Additionally, when cows were immunized in mid-lactation, the difference between somatic cell count (SCC) in immunized and control animals was profound (45±7 vs. 470±194, respectively). At the same time, the difference in milk yield was also evident (48.3±1.4 vs. 44.3±0.9 l/day, respectively). Put together, these studies indicate the value of the rTRAP vaccine in preventing new udder infections by staphylococci, which significantly lead to lowered SCC and some increase in milk yield. TRAP is conserved among all strains and species and is constitutively expressed in any strain of S. aureus or CNS tested so far, including those isolated from cows. TRAP may thus serve as a universal anti-staphylococcus vaccine.
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Leitner, Gabriel, and Naomi Balaban. Novel Immunotherapeutic Agent for the Treatment and Prevention of Staphylococcal Mastitis in Dairy Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7695866.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Staphylococci are the most common and costly mammary disease of dairy cattle worldwide. TRAP, a membrane associated 167AA protein, is highly conserved among staphylococci. The aims of this study were to test the safety and efficacy of recombinant TRAP (rTRAP) vaccine in dairy animals. The vaccine was safe as 2-3 subcutaneous injections of rTRAP (54–100μg) with adjuvant ISA 206 to cows and goats did not lead to any abnormal symptoms of sensitivity to the vaccine. The rTRAP vaccine was immunogenic and caused the induction of a humoral immune response that remained high for at least 160 days post second immunization. rTRAP vaccine also elicited a cell-mediated immune response (memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells), as determined by lymphocyte proliferation assays. The rTRAP vaccine was efficacious as at parturition, only 13.5% heifers in the immunized group were infected with Staphylococcus chromogenes as compared to 42.9% in the non immunized group. Additionally, when cows were immunized in mid-lactation, the difference between somatic cell count (SCC) in immunized and control animals was profound (45±7 vs. 470±194, respectively). At the same time, the difference in milk yield was also evident (48.3±1.4 vs. 44.3±0.9 l/day, respectively). Put together, these studies indicate the value of the rTRAP vaccine in preventing new udder infections by staphylococci, which significantly lead to lowered SCC and some increase in milk yield. TRAP is conserved among all strains and species and is constitutively expressed in any strain of S. aureus or CNS tested so far, including those isolated from cows. TRAP may thus serve as a universal anti-staphylococcus vaccine.