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Journal articles on the topic 'Masters cyclists'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 19 February 2023

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1

Peiffer, Jeremiah J., Christopher R. Abbiss, Dale Chapman, Paul B. Laursen, and Daryl L. Parker. "Physiological Characteristics of Masters-Level Cyclists." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 22, no. 5 (September 2008): 1434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e318181a0d2.

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2

Borges, Nattai R., Aaron T. Scanlan, Peter R. Reaburn, and Thomas M. Doering. "A Comparison of Heart Rate Training Load and Perceptual Effort Between Masters and Young Cyclists." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0413.

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Purpose: Due to age-related changes in the psychobiological state of masters athletes, this brief report aimed to compare training load responses using heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during standardized training sessions between masters and young cyclists. Methods: Masters (n = 10; 55.6 [5.0] y) and young (n = 8; 25.9 [3.0] y) cyclists performed separate endurance and high-intensity interval training sessions. Endurance intensity was set at 95% of ventilatory threshold 2 for 1 hour. High-intensity interval training consisted of 6 × 30-second intervals at 175% peak power output with 4.5-minute rest between intervals. HR was monitored continuously and RPE collected at standardized time periods during each session. Banister training impulse and summated-HR-zones training loads were also calculated. Results: Despite a significantly lower mean HR in masters cyclists during endurance (P = .04; d = 1.06 [±0.8], moderate) and high-intensity interval training (P = .01; d = 1.34 [±0.8], large), no significant differences were noted (P > .05) when responses were determined relative to maximum HR or converted to training impulse and summated-HR-zone loads. Furthermore, no interaction or between-group differences were evident for RPE across either session (P > .05). Conclusions: HR and RPE values were comparable between masters and young cyclists when relative HR responses and HR training load models are used. This finding suggests HR and RPE methods used to monitor or prescribe training load can be used interchangeably between masters and young athletes irrespective of chronological age.

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3

Appleby, Karen M., and Kristen Dieffenbach. "“Older and Faster”: Exploring Elite Masters Cyclists’ Involvement in Competitive Sport." Sport Psychologist 30, no. 1 (March 2016): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2014-0110.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate elite masters cyclists’ involvement in competitive sport. Using a descriptive, qualitative approach, the researchers interviewed ten elite-level masters cyclists. Data analysis revealed the following salient themes relevant to participants’ experiences: (a) athletic identity, (b) motivational factors, and (c) life balance. These findings suggest that participation as an elite-level masters athlete reflects a high degree of continuity for athletic identity that can be positive in relation to self-esteem and social validation and challenging in relation to transition and maintaining social relationships out of cycling settings.

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4

Delvecchio, Luke, Peter Reaburn, Jarrod Meerkin, Marko T. Korhonen, Nattai Borges, Campbell Macgregor, and Mike Climstein. "Concurrent strength and sprint training increases resting metabolic rate in masters road cyclists." Movement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité, no. 109 (2020): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sm/2020007.

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High-intensity concurrent sprint and strength training has been shown to provide a strong physiological training stimulus in young adult endurance athletes. However, the effect in veteran endurance athletes remains unknown. This study examined if replacing a portion of endurance training with concurrent sprint and strength training influenced resting metabolic rate (RMR) and lean mass (LM) in veteran endurance cyclists. Eighteen well-trained male veteran road cyclists (55.2 ± 8.4 years; 7.9 ± 1.1 training hrs/wk; 323 ± 53 Wpeak) were allocated to a concurrent strength and sprint training group (CT, n = 9) or control group (CON, n = 9). The CT group completed a 12-weeks of sprint and strength training while the CON group maintained their normal endurance training. RMR and LM were measured before and after the 12-week training intervention. CT training significantly (p < 0.05) increased both RMR (+14.2%, 1600 ± 244 to 1828 ± 207 kcal/day) and LM (+2.0%, 61.8 ± 5.5 to 63.1 ± 5.4 kg) pre to post-intervention. No significant changes from pre- to post-training were observed in the CON group. These findings suggest replacing a portion of endurance training with sprint and strength training may preserve, and even increase, LM and RMR in veteran road cyclists.

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5

Lajza, David G., Aaron C. Tribby, Kaitlyn M. Patterson, Caitlin D. Stover, David A. Geddum, Takashi Abe, and Kaelin C. Young. "Comparison of Bone Mineral Density Between Male Masters Runners And Cyclists." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 46 (May 2014): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000493993.17865.42.

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6

Magnuson, Marja-Liisa, Bruce A. Hendler, Brian A. Davis, and Gretchen A. Casazza. "Performance Changes With Three Different Training Phases In Masters Level Cyclists." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 42 (May 2010): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000385474.59414.48.

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7

Abe, Takashi, Vinayak K. Nahar, Kaelin C. Young, Kaitlyn M. Patterson, Caitlin D. Stover, David G. Lajza, Aaron C. Tribby, et al. "Skeletal Muscle Mass, Bone Mineral Density, and Walking Performance in Masters Cyclists." Rejuvenation Research 17, no. 3 (June 2014): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/rej.2013.1538.

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8

Gorinа, Victoria, Sergey Kotlyar, and Tatiana Sidorova. "Comparative characteristics of anthropometric data and indicators cardiovascular cyclists category MASTERS different age groups." Слобожанський науково-спортивний вісник 46, no. 2 (April 30, 2015): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15391/snsv.2015-2.010.

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9

Borges, Nattai R., Peter R. Reaburn, Thomas M. Doering, Christos K. Argus, and Matthew W. Driller. "Autonomic cardiovascular modulation in masters and young cyclists following high-intensity interval training." Clinical Autonomic Research 27, no. 2 (February 2, 2017): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10286-017-0398-6.

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10

St.Pierre, Adam D., and Neal A. Henderson. "Laboratory Performance Evaluations, Time Trial Performance, And Training Intensity Distribution In Elite Masters Cyclists." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 41 (May 2009): 461–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000355956.94888.b6.

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11

Glenn, Jordan M., Michelle Gray, Nicole E. Moyen, Jennifer L. Vincenzo, Kylie K. Harmon, and Lee E. Brown. "Test-Retest Reliability and the Learning Effect on Isokinetic Fatigue in Female Master’s Cyclists." International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science 6, no. 4 (October 31, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.6n.4p.1.

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Background: Isokinetic exercise is commonly used as a benchmark for strength and performance. Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to establish isokinetic fatigue test-retest reliability and examine the learning effect when testing without familiarization. Methods: 22 masters-aged [53±5 years), competitive female cyclists completed 3 separate 50-repetition knee flexion/extension tests on a Biodex, separated by one-week with no familiarization. Test-retest reliability [intra-class correlation [ICC]), 95% confidence intervals [CI), technical error of measurement [TEM) were calculated. Results: ICCs between trials exhibited excellent reliability during extension [.93–.97) and flexion [.93–.97) for all variables except time to peak torque [ICC=.35 and.45 for extension and flexion, respectively) and fatigue index [ICC=.47 for flexion). Relative TEM was minimal for extension between trial 1 and trial 2 [0.27%–0.97%) and between trial 2 and trial 3 [0.27%–1.45%) for all variables. Similar results were observed for flexion between trial 1 and trial 2 [0.87%–2.45%) and between trial 2 and trial 3 [0.54%–1.10%). No differences [Wilks Λ>.05) existed between trials, indicating no learning effect associated with the tests. Conclusions: There was strong test-retest reliability in masters-aged, female athletes and no learning effect was associated with the Biodex during a knee extension/flexion fatigue protocol.

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12

Mintzer, Dalya Navot, Tal Schiller, Einat Kodesh, Idit Shub, Liora Livshitz, and Tsafrir Or. "Chronic And Acute Effect Of Training And Competition On Hormone Levels In Amateur Masters Cyclists." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 54, no. 9S (September 2022): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000878912.31969.0a.

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13

Gerhauser, R., and D. H. Cordes. "THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ACCIDENTS AND INJURY FOR COMPETITIVE CYCLISTS IN A MASTERS NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP CRITERIUM." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 24, Supplement (May 1992): S124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199205001-00745.

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14

Buono, M. J., J. F. Nichols, J. Daley, A. Ashinger, and A. Baker. "EFFECT OF AN INCREASE IN VOLUME AND INTENSITY OF TRAINING IN ELITE FEMALE MASTERS CYCLISTS." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 27, Supplement (May 1995): S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199505001-00130.

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15

Nahar, Vinayak K., Takashi Abe, Kaelin Young, Kaitlyn M. Patterson, Caitlin D. Stover, David G. Lajza, Aaron C. Tribby, et al. "Skeletal Muscle Mass And Bone Mineral Density In Masters Cyclists And Moderately Active Young Men." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 46 (May 2014): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000493988.87370.3a.

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16

Chuensiri, Napasakorn, Patcharin Tangchaisuriya, Wirungrong Nualpech, Hirofumi Tanaka, and Daroonwan Suksom. "Arterial Blood Pressure And Vascular Stiffness In Young And Masters Road Cyclists Matched For Performance." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 52, no. 7S (July 2020): 470–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000679052.49508.72.

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17

Delvecchio, Luke, Peter Reaburn, Gail Trapp, and Marko T. Korhonen. "Effect of concurrent resistance and sprint training on body composition and cardiometabolic health indicators in masters cyclists." Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation 12, no. 5 (October 31, 2016): 442–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12965/jer.1632672.336.

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18

Dascombe, B., P. Reaburn, M. Holmes, R. Snow, and A. Coutts. "202 Physiological and biochemical variables affect 30 minute time trial performance in well-trained young and masters cyclists." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 8 (December 2005): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1440-2440(17)30698-9.

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19

Del Vecchio, Luke, Robert Stanton, Peter Reaburn, Campbell Macgregor, Jarrod Meerkin, Jerome Villegas, and Marko T. Korhonen. "Effects of Combined Strength and Sprint Training on Lean Mass, Strength, Power, and Sprint Performance in Masters Road Cyclists." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 33, no. 1 (January 2019): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001960.

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20

Glenn, J. M., M. Gray, R. Stewart, N. E. Moyen, S. A. Kavouras, R. DiBrezzo, R. Turner, and J. Baum. "Incremental effects of 28 days of beta-alanine supplementation on high-intensity cycling performance and blood lactate in masters female cyclists." Amino Acids 47, no. 12 (August 9, 2015): 2593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-015-2050-x.

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21

Dascombe, B., P. Reaburn, M. Holmes, R. Snow, and A. Courts. "201 The relationship between oxygen consumption and muscle oxygenation during a ramp test to exhaustion in well-trained young and masters cyclists." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 8 (December 2005): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1440-2440(17)30697-7.

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22

Beshgetoor, Donna, Jeanne F. Nichols, and Inah Rego. "Effect of Training Mode and Calcium Intake on Bone Mineral Density in Female Master Cyclists, Runners, and Non-Athletes." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 10, no. 3 (September 2000): 290–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.10.3.290.

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The focus of this prospective, observational study was to determine the effect of sport-specific training and calcium intake on bone mineral density (BMD) in female master cyclists, runners and non-athletes. Thirty women (12 cyclists, 9 runners, 9 controls), mean age of 49.6 ±7.9 years, were assessed at baseline and 18 months for calcium intake (4-day records), current exercise activity (recall questionnaire), and BMD of the lumbar spine and hip (DXA). A three (cyclists, runners, controls) by two (0 and 18 months) repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated a significant interaction effect of sport and time at the femoral neck (p < .04). Tukey post hoc analysis indicated that the BMD of the femur was maintained in cyclists and runners but declined in controls (p < .05). A significant time effect was noted in BMD at the lumbar spine (p < .001) and the trochanter (p < .003). BMD of the lumbar spine was maintained in runners but declined in cyclists (p < .007) and in controls (p < .03), while trochanteric BMD declined in all groups (p < .01). No significant interaction effect of sport and dietary calcium intake was noted for BMD at any site.

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23

Carruthers, Ashley. "Taking the Road for Play." Transfers 8, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2018.080302.

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After declining in status and mode share sharply with the popularization of the motorcycle, cycling in Vietnam is on the rise. Urban elites who pursue sport and leisure cycling are the most visible of Vietnam’s new cyclists, and they bring their sense of social mastery out onto the road with them by appropriating the nation’s new, automobile-focused infrastructures as places for play and display. While motivated by self-interest, their informal activism around securing bicycle access to new bridges and highways potentially benefits all and contributes to making livable cities. These socially elite cyclists transcend the status associated with their means of mobility as they enact their mastery over automobile infrastructures meant to usher in a new Vietnamese automobility.

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24

Zambolin, Fabio, Jamie S. McPhee, Pablo Duro-Ocana, Bergita Ganse, Liam Bagley, and Azmy Faisal. "The association of elevated blood pressure during ischaemic exercise with sport performance in Master athletes with and without morbidity." European Journal of Applied Physiology 122, no. 1 (October 15, 2021): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-021-04828-9.

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Abstract Background An exaggerated exercise blood pressure (BP) is associated with a reduced exercise capacity. However, its connection to physical performance during competition is unknown. Aim To examine BP responses to ischaemic handgrip exercise in Master athletes (MA) with and without underlying morbidities and to assess their association with athletic performance during the World Master Track Cycling Championships 2019. Methods Forty-eight Master cyclists [age 59 ± 13yrs; weekly training volume 10.4 ± 4.1 h/week; handgrip maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) 46.3 ± 11.5 kg] divided into 2 matched groups (24 healthy MA and 24 MA with morbidity) and 10 healthy middle-aged non-athlete controls (age 48.3 ± 8.3 years; MVC 40.4 ± 14.8 kg) performed 5 min of forearm occlusion including 1 min handgrip isometric contraction (40%MVC) followed by 5 min recovery. Continuous beat-by-beat BP was recorded using finger plethysmography. Age-graded performance (AGP) was calculated to compare race performances among MA. Healthy Master cyclists were further grouped into middle-age (age 46.2 ± 6.4 years; N:12) and old-age (age 65.0 ± 7.7 years; N:12) for comparison with middle-aged non-athlete controls. Results Healthy and morbidity MA groups showed similar BP responses during forearm occlusion and AGP (90.1 ± 4.3% and 91.0 ± 5.3%, p > 0.05, respectively). Healthy and morbidity MA showed modest correlation between the BP rising slope for 40%MVC ischaemic exercise and AGP (r = 0.5, p < 0.05). MA showed accelerated SBP recovery after cessation of ischaemic handgrip exercise compared to healthy non-athlete controls. Conclusion Our findings associate long-term athletic training with improved BP recovery following ischaemic exercise regardless of age or reported morbidity. Exaggerated BP in Master cyclists during ischaemic exercise was associated with lower AGP during the World Master Cycling Championships.

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25

Palmer, Jacob E., Susan S. Levy, and Jeanne F. Nichols. "Low bone mineral density in highly trained male master cyclists." Osteoporosis International 14, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-003-1418-z.

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26

Beshgetoor, Donna, and Jeanne F. Nichols. "Dietary Intake and Supplement Use in Female Master Cyclists and Runners." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 13, no. 2 (June 2003): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.13.2.166.

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This study compared the dietary intakes of supplementing (SA) and non-supplementing athletes (NSA). Twenty-five female master athletes (mean age = 50.4 yr) participated in the study (SA = 16, NSA = 9). Four-day diet records were analyzed using Nutritionist V. Statistical significance (p < .005) was determined by independent t tests. No significant differences were observed in intakes of kilocalories (SA = 2079 ± 628 kcals, NSA = 2001 ± 435 kcals), protein (SA = 104 ± 75 g, NSA = 84 ± 35 g), fat (SA = 65 ± 39 g, NSA = 61 ± 22 g), or carbohydrates (SA = 269 ± 112 g, NSA = 277 ± 43 g). Mean intakes exceeded Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) guidelines for all micro-nutrients except calcium and vitamin E (NSA = 79% and 87% of DRI, respectively). SA had significantly greater total intakes than NSA for calcium (p = .0001), magnesium (p = .004), vitamin C (p = .003), and vitamin E (p = .001). Results suggest that female master athletes may rely on dietary supplements rather than nutrient-dense food choices to provide daily nutritional needs.

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27

Buning, Richard J., and Heather J. Gibson. "Exploring the Trajectory of Active-Sport-Event Travel Careers: A Social Worlds Perspective." Journal of Sport Management 30, no. 3 (May 2016): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2015-0213.

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Utilizing a social worlds perspective, the study examined active-sport-event travel career progression in the sport of cycling. Event travel careers are considered potentially lifelong patterns of travel to participate in events that evolve through stages with distinct behaviors and motivations. Quantitative methods were used to test tenets of an inductively derived model of the active-sport-event travel career for cyclists. An international sample of cyclists were surveyed online; N = 1,452 responded. Using general linear modeling, the results depicted an escalation in motivation related to intellectual, social, mastery competence, giving back, and competition against others with career progression. However, while travel behavior related to preferred events characteristics changed with career progression, preferred characteristics related to destinations and travel style remained relatively stagnant. Implications for destination and event management are discussed.

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28

Nichols, Jeanne F., and Mitchell J. Rauh. "Longitudinal Changes in Bone Mineral Density in Male Master Cyclists and Nonathletes." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 25, no. 3 (March 2011): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181c6a116.

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29

WILKS, DÉSIRÉE C., SALLY F. GILLIVER, and JÖRN RITTWEGER. "Forearm and Tibial Bone Measures of Distance- and Sprint-Trained Master Cyclists." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 41, no. 3 (March 2009): 566–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31818a0ec8.

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30

McNally, Devin, Rachel Tillinghast, and Hiroyuki Iseki. "Bicycle Accessibility GIS Analysis for Bike Master Planning with a Consideration of Level of Traffic Stress (LTS) and Energy Consumption." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010042.

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Measuring the impact of bicycle infrastructure and other mobility improvements has been a challenge in the practice of transportation planning. Transportation planners are increasingly required to conduct complex analyses to provide supporting evidence for proposed plans and communicate well with both decision makers and the public. Cyclists experience two important factors on roads: (a) travel stress related to the built environment along with the traffic conditions and (b) changes in physical burden due to topography. This study develops a method that integrates an energy consumption calculation and “bicycling stress” score to take into account external conditions that influence cyclists substantially. In this method, the level of traffic stress (LTS) is used to select street segments appropriate for different comfort levels among cyclists and is combined with biking energy consumption, in addition to distance, which is used as travel impedance to consider the effects of slopes and street intersections. The integrated Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis methods are used to evaluate bicycle infrastructure improvements in the coming years in Montgomery County, MD, USA. The analysis results demonstrated that the infrastructure improvements in the county’s bike master plan are well-targeted to improve bicycling accessibility. Furthermore, the use of energy as opposed to distance to generate bikeshed areas results in smaller bikesheds compared to distance-generated bikesheds. The method presented herein allows planners to characterize and quantify the impact of bicycle infrastructure and prioritize locations for improvements.

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31

Beneke, Ralph, Tobias G. J. Weber, and Renate M. Leithäuser. "The Effects of Maximally Achievable Cycling Cadence on Carbohydrate Management at Moderate and Heavy Exercise Intensity." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0555.

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Effects of different cycling cadences (revolutions/min [rpm]) on metabolic rate, blood lactate concentration (BLC), and reliance on carbohydrate (CHO) defined as the fraction of oxygen uptake used for CHO oxidation (relCHO) are highly individual. Whether this depends on the individually maximal achievable rpm obtained at minimized cycling resistance (rpmmax) is unknown. The authors tested the hypotheses that the individual freely chosen rpm in an incremental cycle-ergometer test (ILT) and relCHO at given BLC levels both depend on rpmmax. Seven master cyclists and 8 not specifically trained leisure athletes performed an ILT at individually freely chosen rpm and an rpmmax test. Respiratory data and BLC were measured; relCHO was plotted as a function of the BLC for the determinations of the individual BLC at relCHO of 75% and 95% (BLC75% and BLC95%). With 16.7%, the between-subjects variability of individual rpm was high but independent from rpmmax. In the master athletes, rpmmax explained 59.3% and 95.2% of BLC75% (P = .043) and BLC95% (P = .001), respectively. Irrespective of cycling experience, the individually preferred average rpm at submaximal stages of an ILT is highly variable and independent of rpmmax. In experienced cyclists, carbohydrate management defined as the ratio between substrate availability as indicated by BLC and relCHO depends on rpmmax.

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32

Simoneschi, Daniele, Gergely Rona, Nan Zhou, Yeon-Tae Jeong, Shaowen Jiang, Giacomo Milletti, Arnaldo A. Arbini, et al. "CRL4AMBRA1 is a master regulator of D-type cyclins." Nature 592, no. 7856 (April 14, 2021): 789–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03445-y.

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33

Nichols, J., L. Phares, and M. Buono. "Relationship Between Blood Lactate Response to Exercise and Endurance Performance in Competitive Female Master Cyclists." International Journal of Sports Medicine 28, no. 06 (August 1997): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-972664.

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34

Shue Lang Lin, Pamela, and Ana Maria Girotti Sperandio. "Avanços na política de mobilidade por bicicleta em Campinas: comparação entre os Planos Diretores de 2006 e de 2018." Hábitat y Sociedad, no. 13 (November 4, 2020): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/habitatysociedad.2020.i13.14.

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The growing use of bicycle as a means of transportation in urban centers points to an alternative to the current means of transportation crisis. The progress of the cycling results in several benefits that continuously attract populations and public institutions to invest in its expansion. However, attention must be paid to the legal consistency of this development process in order to fully ensure the potentials it has to offer. The study of the evolution of urban documents that determine urban mobility is of great importance to identify the legal advances regarding the cycling mobility policy. In the city of Campinas, Brazil, the comparison between the 2006 and 2018 Master Plans allowed to affirm that there are advances in the political recognition of the cycling as a mean of transportation to be developed. Other legal documents dealing with the use of bicycle for mobility, however, highlighted the uniquely technical nature of these advances, which revealed the need for an interdisciplinary approach that considers the specificities of this mode and that gives the cyclist proper centrality

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35

Del Vecchio, Luke, Jerome Villegas, Nattai Borges, and Peter Reaburn. "Concurrent Resistance Training and Flying 200-Meter Time Trial Program for a Masters Track Cyclist." Strength and Conditioning Journal 38, no. 3 (June 2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000230.

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36

Service, Tom. "Aldeburgh Festival, 2003." Tempo 57, no. 226 (October 2003): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298203230369.

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Mauricio Kagel's Eine Brise, a ‘fleeting action’ for 111 cyclists, was one of the signature events of the Aldeburgh Festival this year, a bizarre procession along the beach front, creating an evanescent, mobile performance of honking, whistling, and singing. It was a brilliantly absurdist gesture – and typical Kagel, you might think. But Eine Brise, composed in 1996, was the exception in Aldeburgh's focus on Kagel's recent music. Their mini-retrospective of his music of the last couple of decades revealed how the surrealist master of the 1960s and 70s has developed into a more complex figure, at once more conventional and more elusive.

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Alvero-Cruz, José Ramón, Jerónimo C. García Romero, Francisco Javier Ordonez, Denis Mongin, Lorena Correas-Gómez, Pantelis T. Nikolaidis, and Beat Knechtle. "Age and Training-Related Changes on Body Composition and Fitness in Male Amateur Cyclists." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010093.

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Master athletes are considered as a model of healthy aging because they can limit the age-related decline of physiological abilities compared to sedentary individuals. The main objective of this study is to analyze age-related changes and annual training on body composition (BC) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) parameters. The participants in this retrospective cross-sectional study were 176 male cyclists, aged 40–60 years. BC was evaluated through anthropometric measurements and CRF was determined by an incremental cycle ergometer test to exhaustion. A comparative study between age groups was carried out through a one-way ANOVA test and the associations between the variables were assessed by Spearman’s correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis to estimate the performance. Training was generally associated with a decrease in both body weight and body fat (p < 0.05). A decrease in resting heart rate was observed as a vagal effect of kilometers cycled per year (p < 0.05). Kilometers cycled per year were associated with an increase in peak power output, which was larger in the master 40 group (p < 0.05) with a non-significant upward in VO2max (p > 0.05). In the performance prediction model, the included variables explained 52% of the variance. In summary, the changes induced by age were minimal in BC and negligible in CRF, whereas HR decreased with age. Training load was generally associated with a decrease in body weight, BMI and body fat percentage that was particularly notable in the abdominal skin folds. A decrease in HRrest was observed as a vagal effect due to kilometers cycled per year, and age did not seem to have a significant effect. The annual cycling kilometers were associated with to high PPO that is greater in the M40 group and a non-significant upward trend in VO2max.

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Kean, Jack, Ashleigh Pearton, James W. Fell, Murray J. Adams, Cecilia M. Kitic, Sam S. X. Wu, Stephen Stone, and Emma K. Zadow. "Deep vein thrombosis in a well-trained masters cyclist, is popliteal vein entrapment syndrome to blame?" Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 47, no. 2 (December 19, 2018): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11239-018-1796-x.

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Salacinski, Amanda J., Amy M. Flewelling, Matthew Stults-Kolehmainen, and Craig E. Broeder. "Case Study of an Elite Master Cyclist During the 2010 Race Across America (RAAM)." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 43, Suppl 1 (May 2011): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000402150.32918.ae.

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Patel, Roshan, Susil Pallikadavath, Matthew P. M. Graham-Brown, and Anvesha Singh. "Shared decision making in athletes with cardiovascular disease: what we can learn from a masters athlete." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 12 (December 2021): e245822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-245822.

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A 75-year-old male cyclist began suffering from palpitations on exertion. Symptoms terminated spontaneously with cessation of physical activity. The episodes caused significant distress with an impact on physical performance and quality of life. An echocardiogram showed a dilated left atrium, and an exercise ECG demonstrated that episodes of atrial fibrillation developed when his ventricular rate was above 140 beats per minute. Rate control could not be offered due to a history of sinus bradycardia nor rhythm control due to low likelihood of success. Anticoagulant therapy was commenced but discontinued at patient request as he considered risks to outweigh benefits given his desire to continue cycling. Management of athletes with atrial fibrillation is based on guidelines for the general population; however, treatment goals for athletes may differ. Shared decision making is essential to allow patients to make informed decisions about their care, accepting that individuals view treatment risks and benefits differently.

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Prudnikova, M. "Assessment of the level of functional state and the course of a specific biological cycle of cyclists and wrestlers 15-16 years." Єдиноборства, no. 3(21) (June 1, 2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15391/ed.2021-3.04.

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Purpose: to determine the functioning of the cardiovascular and reproductive system of cyclists and wrestlers 15-16 years under the influence of specific physical activity. Material and methods. 14 athletes took part in the research, 7 of them were freestyle wrestling (3 – I category, 4 – candidates for master of sports) and 7 – Mountain Bike (MTO) races (4 – I category, 3 – candidates for master of sports). Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical and biomedical research methods, methods of mathematical statistics. Results: the analysis of educational programs (freestyle wrestling, cycling-MTV) of the age group of 15-16 years showed that in these kinds of sports a different mode of educational and training work during the annual cycle. So, for freestyle wrestling athletes in the age group 15-16 years old, special physical training is planned for 100 hours, psychological training for 20 hours, competitive training for 42 hours, for 70 hours – rehabilitation means for 6 hours – medical control, while female cyclists – MTB is 12 hours more than general physical training, 144 hours more – technical and tactical. After the training year, the analysis of the trainers' plans showed that in freestyle wrestling, the percentage of general physical training has changed and amounted to 16 %, special physical – 24 %, technical and tactical – 33 %, psychological – 4 %, while in cycling general physical training – 19 %, special physical – 25 %, technical and tactical – 34 %, psychological – 6 %. Special and technical-tactical work by 1 % and psychological work by 2 % more were performed by cyclists relative to wrestlers. Comparison of the indicators of the cardiovascular system of female athletes showed a statistical difference in systolic blood pressure (t=3,60; t=8,92; p<0,001), in diastolic blood pressure (t=3,56; t=6,00, p<0,001), in the aerobic metabolic capacity (t=5,08; t=7,07; p<0,001), in the anaerobic metabolic capacity (t=12,20; t=8,14; p<0,001). According to a survey of female athletes, it was determined that in September 2019, 33 % of athletes 15-16 years old had irregular menstruation and 67% – regular, in December 2019 4 3% – irregular and 57 % – regular, in May 2020 50% – irregular and 50 % – regular, in September 2020 57 % – irregular and 43 % – regular menstruation. Conclusions. The analysis of curricula for the chosen sport and training plans of coaches by types of training showed that the specificity of the training process is the specificity of the discipline in which relatively independent types are clearly visible, and the distribution of training and competitive physical loads is interconnected with the stage of training. Comparison of the indicators of the cardiovascular system of female athletes 15-16 years old showed that higher performance in cyclists as a result of training (physiologically athletic heart. At the same time, among wrestlers it was recognized as more optimal indicators of the heart muscle for further improvement of sportsmanship. The negative dynamics of the ovarian cycle at the age of 15-16 years was determined, which amounted to 21 % of irregular menstruation. Keywords: freestyle wrestling, cycling-MTB, specific biological cycle, cardiovascular system.

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Buono, Michael J., Jeanne F. Nichols, Janine Daley, Ann Ashinger, and Arnie Baker. "Effect of an increase in volume and intensity of training in elite, female master (>40 yr) cyclists." Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation 8, no. 2 (February 1998): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15438629809512526.

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Rahajoeningroem, Tri, and Rayagung Sidik Muslim. "Digital Speedometers and Wireless Indicator Lights on Cyclist Jackets." Telekontran : Jurnal Ilmiah Telekomunikasi, Kendali dan Elektronika Terapan 6, no. 2 (October 25, 2018): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/telekontran.v6i2.3797.

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Abstract – Bicycles has become the best solution to be able to reduce the level of congestion for the citizens of the world. Cycling is an activity carried out by someone to be able to go from place to destination and cycling has also become a hobby for some people. Even so, bicycles also experience infrastructure problems, namely bicycle lanes which are still rarely available. Some countries in the world have not fully provide special lanes for bicycle users. This causes bicycle users to use highways that are more often used by other vehicles. And it can cause accidents for bicycle users. Therefore, in the implementation of the wireless indicator lights on this jacket, the author wants to provide a better solution to overcome this problem, that is by combining indicator lights with jackets so that it can function to signal to other road users. In Addition, the author also designed a digital speedometer that can later appear on the LCD screen (liquid crystal display). For this speedometer, by placing a magnetic sensor on the forks as a magnetic speed reader placed on the bicycle spokes. For indicator lights on this jacket, the input uses a touch sensor and brake levers will be attached to the front of the bike through the bluetooth master transmission system and the bluetooth slave on the jacket, so the indicator light on the jacket will light up and form the right, left or stop direction and will be displayed on the LCD with the digital speedometer.Keyword : Speedometer, Bluetooth, Bicycle, Indicator Light, Wireless

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Pollock, Ross D., Katie A. O'Brien, Lorna J. Daniels, Kathrine B. Nielsen, Anthea Rowlerson, Niharika A. Duggal, Norman R. Lazarus, Janet M. Lord, Andrew Philp, and Stephen D. R. Harridge. "Properties of the vastus lateralis muscle in relation to age and physiological function in master cyclists aged 55-79 years." Aging Cell 17, no. 2 (March 8, 2018): e12735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acel.12735.

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Afsar, Bijan, Mohd Yazid Mohd Yunos, Md Azree Othuman Mydin, and Mohd Johari Mohd Yusof. "Perceived Pedestrian Environment Functional Factors which are Associated with Walking in Tropical University Campus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 747 (March 2015): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.747.161.

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During the last decade transportation in Malaysia has been changed and stepped forward into motorized-transportation. However, Malaysian government started to move toward sustainable society, which sustainable transportation is one of the parts. University Putra Malaysia’s (UPM) Serdang campus is mainly dependent on the personal cars and shuttle buses. Furthermore, routes in the campus mainly planned for the vehicles rather than pedestrians and cyclists. This study was trying to examinefunctional factors that encourage UPM’s students to do pedestrian activities in the campus.In this study quantitative method through questionnaire survey has selected to assess the variables on a sample of subject. The result showed that students were more looking for accessibility and connectivity, and they were more expected to have particularly pedestrian shortcuts. This research can be helpful for the UPM’s policy makers and master planners to facilitate in documenting pedestrian environment literature, as well as help urban designers and city planners to have a deeper perspective of pedestrian perceptions and opinions in tropical climate and particularly Malaysia.

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Leon Zarceño, Eva María, Antonio Moreno-Tenas, and Miguel Angel Serrano-Rosa. "Influence of the optimism on the impact of COVID-19 lockdown in Spain: analysis according to competition level (Influencia del optimismo en el impacto por confinamiento por COVID-19 en España: análisis en función de su nivel de competición)." Retos 45 (April 14, 2022): 576–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v45i0.92335.

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Competition cycling is a sport that is mainly trained outdoors. The home confinement that imposed the quarantine for COVID-19 in Spain from March to June 2020 meant the cancellation of all competitions and prevented training on the roads. Secluded at home, the cyclists had to train with what they had and face a situation of isolation that prevented them from maintaining training routines as well as access to the usual means and infrastructures. The passing of the days produced a multitude of symptoms and responses in the athletes. Knowing the most adaptive and detecting the least adaptive highlights the importance of the trait of optimism during the confinement and the impact that this situation had on cyclists in the under23, elite and master categories. The LOT-R questionnaire was used in the evaluation. The results show that cyclists categorized with low optimism in the u23 category were the most affected by confinement, presenting a greater number of negative thoughts about their sporting future, worse mood, greater negative affect and difficulties in maintaining daily routines, reconciling the dream and orient to the achievement of the objectives. In contrast, elite cyclists with high optimism experienced a greater perception of energy and a greater positive affect. These results highlight the importance of mediating variables such as optimism as well as the importance of evaluating the impact of events such as confinement in a differential way to detect the most vulnerable profiles. Resumen: El ciclismo de competición es un deporte que se entrena principalmente al aire libre. El confinamiento en casa que impuso la cuarentena para el COVID-19 en España de marzo a junio de 2020 supuso la cancelación de todas las competiciones e impidió entrenar en las carreteras. Recluidos en casa, los ciclistas tuvieron que entrenar con lo que tenían y enfrentarse a una situación de aislamiento que les impedía mantener las rutinas de entrenamiento, así como el acceso a los medios e infraestructuras habituales. El paso de los días produjo multitud de síntomas y respuestas en los deportistas. Conocer a los más adaptativos y detectar a los menos adaptativos pone de manifiesto la importancia del rasgo de optimismo durante el encierro y el impacto que esta situación tuvo en los ciclistas de las categorías sub23, élite y máster. En la evaluación se utilizó el cuestionario LOT-R. Los resultados muestran que los ciclistas categorizados con bajo optimismo en la categoría sub23 fueron los más afectados por el encierro, presentando un mayor número de pensamientos negativos sobre su futuro deportivo, peor estado de ánimo, mayor afecto negativo y dificultades para mantener las rutinas diarias, conciliar el sueño y orientarse a la consecución de los objetivos. Por el contrario, los ciclistas de élite con alto optimismo experimentaron una mayor percepción de energía y un mayor afecto positivo. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia de variables mediadoras como el optimismo, así como la importancia de evaluar el impacto de eventos como el confinamiento de forma diferencial para detectar los perfiles más vulnerables.

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Gong, Yongxing, Travis Ian Zack, Luc G. T. Morris, Kan Lin, Ellen Hukkelhoven, Radhika Raheja, I.-Li Tan, et al. "Pan-cancer genetic analysis identifies PARK2 as a master regulator of G1/S cyclins." Nature Genetics 46, no. 6 (May 4, 2014): 588–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.2981.

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Koglin, Till, and Lucas Glasare. "Shopping Centres, Cycling Accessibility and Planning—The Case of Nova Lund in Sweden." Urban Science 4, no. 4 (December 4, 2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci4040070.

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This paper evaluates the history and cycling accessibility of Nova, a shopping centre established in Lund, Sweden, in 2002. The current situation was also analysed through observation and a literature review. Moreover, the study conducted a closer analysis of the history and role of the municipality based on further literature study and interviews with officials. The conclusion of the analysis indicates poor and unsafe bikeways caused by conflicts of interest between politicians, officials, landowners and the general public. It also depicts a situation in which the municipality’s master plan has been ignored, and, in contrast to the local goals, cycling accessibility at Nova has seen no significant improvement since the shopping centre was first established. The reasons for this, arguably, are a relatively low budget for bikeway improvements in the municipality, as well as a situation in which decision-makers have stopped approaching the subject, as a result of the long and often boisterous conflicts it has created in the past. Lastly, it must be noted that it is easy to regard the whole process of Nova, from its establishment to the current situation, as being symptomatic of the power structures between drivers and cyclists that still affect decision-makers at all levels.

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Sergeeva, Olga, and Timofei Zatsepin. "RNA Helicases as Shadow Modulators of Cell Cycle Progression." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 2984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062984.

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The progress of the cell cycle is directly regulated by modulation of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. However, many proteins that control DNA replication, RNA transcription and the synthesis and degradation of proteins can manage the activity or levels of master cell cycle regulators. Among them, RNA helicases are key participants in RNA metabolism involved in the global or specific tuning of cell cycle regulators at the level of transcription and translation. Several RNA helicases have been recently evaluated as promising therapeutic targets, including eIF4A, DDX3 and DDX5. However, targeting RNA helicases can result in side effects due to the influence on the cell cycle. In this review, we discuss direct and indirect participation of RNA helicases in the regulation of the cell cycle in order to draw attention to downstream events that may occur after suppression or inhibition of RNA helicases.

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Joanisse, Sophie, Stephen Ashcroft, Daniel J. Wilkinson, Ross D. Pollock, Katie A. O’Brien, Bethan E. Phillips, Ken Smith, et al. "High Levels of Physical Activity in Later Life Are Associated With Enhanced Markers of Mitochondrial Metabolism." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 75, no. 8 (January 14, 2020): 1481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa005.

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Abstract The age-associated reduction in muscle mass is well characterized; however, less is known regarding the mechanisms responsible for the decline in oxidative capacity also observed with advancing age. The purpose of the current study was therefore to compare mitochondrial gene expression and protein content between young and old recreationally active, and older highly active individuals. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis of young males (YG: 22 ± 3 years) and older (OG: 67 ± 2 years) males not previously engaged in formal exercise and older male master cyclists (OT: 65 ± 5 years) who had undertaken cycling exercise for 32 ± 17 years. Comparison of gene expression between YG, OG, and OT groups revealed greater expression of mitochondrial-related genes, namely, electron transport chain (ETC) complexes II, III, and IV (p < .05) in OT compared with YG and OG. Gene expression of mitofusion (MFN)-1/2, mitochondrial fusion genes, was greater in OT compared with OG (p < .05). Similarly, protein content of ETC complexes I, II, and IV was significantly greater in OT compared with both YG and OG (p < .001). Protein content of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α), was greater in OT compared with YG and OG (p < .001). Our results suggest that the aging process per se is not associated with a decline in gene expression and protein content of ETC complexes. Mitochondrial-related gene expression and protein content are substantially greater in OT, suggesting that exercise-mediated increases in mitochondrial content can be maintained into later life.

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