Academic literature on the topic 'Massive flood events'

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Journal articles on the topic "Massive flood events"

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Froese, Duane G., Derald G. Smith, John A. Westgate, et al. "Recurring middle Pleistocene outburst floods in east-central Alaska." Quaternary Research 60, no. 1 (2003): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-5894(03)00090-5.

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AbstractRecurring glacial outburst floods from the Yukon-Tanana Upland are inferred from sediments exposed along the Yukon River near the mouth of Charley River in east-central Alaska. Deposits range from imbricate gravel and granules indicating flow locally extending up the Yukon valley, to more distal sediments consisting of at least 10 couplets of planar sands, granules, and climbing ripples with up-valley paleocurrent indicators overlain by massive silt. An interglacial organic silt, occurring within the sequence, indicates at least two flood events are associated with an earlier glaciatio
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Gourbesville, Philippe, and Masoud Ghulami. "Which models for extreme flood events in Mediterranean catchments?" IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1136, no. 1 (2023): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1136/1/012017.

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Abstract Over the last years, most of the Mediterranean countries have been affected by catastrophic flood events generated by never observed before extreme rainfalls. Those events are frequently convective and stationary for several hours. The recorded intensities have frequently values exceeding 100 mm/hour and can last for several hours. Under those specific conditions as during the storm ALEX of October 2020, the runoff processes are particularly intense and can generate massive floods. Mitigation strategies should be developed and based on modeling that can support the understanding of th
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Fadaeifard, Mostafa, and Mohammad Danesh-Yazdi. "Lessons Learned from Flood Management in Iran." E3S Web of Conferences 346 (2022): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234602012.

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Iran has a longstanding challenge in supplying water during prolonged drought periods. This has drawn considerable attention towards the dam industry over the past four decades, leading to the study, construction and operation of several large dams. These dams played a critical role in controlling the massive floods of 2019 and 2020, among others. Nevertheless, due to the increased intensity and frequency of extreme events because of climate change, the downstream regions of these large storage dams still face significant damages. This is mainly attributed to the insufficient dredging of river
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Dougherty, Erin, and Kristen L. Rasmussen. "Changes in Future Flash Flood–Producing Storms in the United States." Journal of Hydrometeorology 21, no. 10 (2020): 2221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-20-0014.1.

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AbstractFlash floods are high-impact events that can result in massive destruction, such as the May 2010 flash floods in the south-central United States that resulted in over $2 billion of damage. While floods in the current climate are already destructive, future flood risk is projected to increase based on work using global climate models. However, global climate models struggle to resolve precipitation structure, intensity, and duration, which motivated the use of convection-permitting climate models that more accurately depict these precipitation processes on a regional scale due to explic
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Rustan, Irpan Chumaedi, and Linda Handayani. "SIMULASI KERUNTUHAN BENDUNGAN BILI-BILI KABUPATEN GOWA PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN." JOURNAL ONLINE OF PHYSICS 5, no. 1 (2019): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jop.v5i1.8117.

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The extreme weather that occurred on January 22-24, 2019 in the Makassar city and surrounding areas caused massive flooding in the downstream area of ​​the Bili-Bili DAM which covered 5 districts and cities, namely Gowa Regency, Makassar City, Jeneponto Regency, Maros Regency, and Selayar Regency. There 6757 people were displaced and tens of hectares of rice fields and housing were inundated. As a form of evaluation in the context of disaster mitigation efforts if similar or larger events occur in the future, it is very important to do a floods simulation to mapping which areas will be affecte
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Leulmi, Lamia, Youcef Lazri, Brahim Abdelkebir, and Sofiane Bensehla. "Assessment of the effect of land use and land cover (LULC) change on depth runoff: Case study of Skikda floods event." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 103, no. 2 (2023): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd2302145l.

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Land use and land cover changes in coastal cities can influence drainage sys-tems in ways that affect surface overflows and the infiltration potential of a land surface, making flooding one of the drivers. This research aims to demonstrate the spatiotemporal dynamics of LULC and their combined impact on rainfall and flood height in Skikda, Algeria. The research uses remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) to determine the type and location of LULC changes in Skikda. The supervised classification methodology used the maximum likelihood technique (MCL). Changes were identifi
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Jacka, Jerry K., and Amelia Moore. "Flood and Fire." Environment and Society 14, no. 1 (2023): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ares.2023.140101.

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The intensifying warming of the planet over the past several decades is a manifestation of centuries of uneven and inequitable extractive economies. This warming is well known to be the main force driving shifts in climatological conditions and extreme weather events leading to increasingly severe impacts on planetary systems. Every year, more locations on earth are experiencing heat waves, intense droughts, longer and larger fire seasons, increased tropical storm intensity, and sea level rise at rates that would have been unthinkable a generation ago while near daily news reports document the
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Putra, M. H. Z., D. Sarah, I. A. Sadisun, E. Soebowo, A. N. Aulia, and Sukristiyanti. "Modeling and mapping the environmental impact of debris flow hazard on alluvial fans for sustainable development in Bangga and Poi Villages, Sigi, Central Sulawesi." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1201, no. 1 (2023): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1201/1/012028.

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Abstract On September 28, 2018, an Mw 7.5 Palu earthquake triggered massive landslides upstream, followed by 24 debris flood events that spread to 15 villages in Sigi from September 2018 to December 2021. Debris flow and flash floods on alluvial fans inundated lowland communities, causing severe property destruction and structural damage to bridges and roadways and resulting in an estimated 900 damaged houses. Understanding their historical occurrence is essential to sustainable fan development and minimizing their threat to infrastructure and human life due to their severe geohazard potential
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Makinano-Santillan, M., J. R. Santillan, E. M. O. Morales, et al. "ACADEME-LOCAL GOVERNMENT PARTNERSHIP TOWARDS EFFECTIVE APPLICATION OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR SMARTER FLOOD DISASTER MANAGEMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL: AN EXAMPLE FROM MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 22, 2016): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-109-2016.

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In this paper, we discuss how an academe-local government partnership can lead the way for the effective use of geospatial technologies for smarter and geospatially-informed decision making before, during, and after a flood disaster. In Jabonga municipality, in the province of Agusan del Norte, in Mindanao, Philippines, two significant flooding events occurred in the year 2014 which were caused by overflowing water bodies due to continuous heavy rains. These flood events inundated populated areas, caused massive evacuation, made roads un-passable, and greatly damaged sources of incomes such as
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Makinano-Santillan, M., J. R. Santillan, E. M. O. Morales, et al. "ACADEME-LOCAL GOVERNMENT PARTNERSHIP TOWARDS EFFECTIVE APPLICATION OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR SMARTER FLOOD DISASTER MANAGEMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL: AN EXAMPLE FROM MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 22, 2016): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-109-2016.

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In this paper, we discuss how an academe-local government partnership can lead the way for the effective use of geospatial technologies for smarter and geospatially-informed decision making before, during, and after a flood disaster. In Jabonga municipality, in the province of Agusan del Norte, in Mindanao, Philippines, two significant flooding events occurred in the year 2014 which were caused by overflowing water bodies due to continuous heavy rains. These flood events inundated populated areas, caused massive evacuation, made roads un-passable, and greatly damaged sources of incomes such as
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Massive flood events"

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Nmor, Stanley. "Event-driven numerical modelling of early diagenesis in coastal ecosystems : application to flood deposits in Rhône River prodelta." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASJ023.

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L'objectif principal de ce travail est d'étudier la réponse biogéochimique des fonds marins côtiers soumis à des dépôts massifs épisodiques de sédiments. Le Rhône et ses marges côtières constituent un cas d'étude important pour quantifier l'impact des dépôts de crue sur les processus diagénétiques dans les sédiments superficiels, car juqu'à 80% des apports de sédiments sont réalisés lors d'événements courts et intenses de crues. Ces événements extrêmes sont rares et imprévisibles, et il est donc difficile d'évaluer par l'observation directe leur impact sur les processus biogéochimiques des séd
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Fertier, Audrey. "Interprétation automatique de données hétérogènes pour la modélisation de situations collaboratives : application à la gestion de crise." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018EMAC0009/document.

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Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit s’appliquent au domaine de la gestion de crise française, et notamment à la phase de réponse qui suit un évènement majeur, comme une crue ou un accident industriel. Suite à l’évènement, des cellules de crise sont activées pour prévenir et traiter les conséquences de la crise. Elles font face, dans l’urgence, à de nombreuses difficultés. Les parties-prenantes sont nombreuses, autonomes et hétérogènes, la coexistence de plans d’urgence engendre des contradictions et des effets en cascade se nourrissent des interconnexions entre réseaux. Ces constats arrive
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Books on the topic "Massive flood events"

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Conca, Ken. After the Floods. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197788066.001.0001.

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Abstract Ellicott City, a historic mill town in central Maryland, suffered two fatal flash floods in 2016 and 2018. Each was the result of a supposedly “once in a thousand years” rainfall event. This book recounts the town’s struggle to find a pathway to watershed resilience in the wake of the floods. Despite advantages of wealth, expertise, and a strong community identity, the community and local government struggled with conflict, as controversial proposals to tear down historic buildings, ban development, and construct massive infrastructure projects battled for support. At the heart of the
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Book chapters on the topic "Massive flood events"

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Owusu, Kwadwo, and Peter Bilson Obour. "Urban Flooding, Adaptation Strategies, and Resilience: Case Study of Accra, Ghana." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_249.

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AbstractDespite massive flood controlling investments, perennial flooding continues to be a major challenge in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Assembly in Ghana. Previous studies have mostly considered the vulnerability of Accra to flooding induced by urbanization and climate change. This chapter examined the impacts of and adaptation strategies to flooding in two flood-prone residential areas in Accra. A survey was conducted among 320 household heads to ascertain local impacts of floods and community adaptation strategies. To obtain a broader picture of government interventions and challenges,
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Ávila, Guillermo, and María Paula Ávila-Guzmán. "Lessons from the Great Gramalote: Colombia Landslide (2010) and its Relocation Process." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-72736-8_5.

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AbstractColombia is located in a tropical zone periodically affected by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which in the wet phase is called La Niña, characterized by rain values over the historical average. The last important La Niña event occurred in 2010–2011 and produced generalized floods and many landslides around the country, with important human and material losses. One of the most significant landslides triggered in this period was the Gramalote landslide, which destroyed a town of 3000 people, located in the northeast of the country and made it necessary to evacuate all the populati
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Nkwazema, Oscar Chijioke, Emilia Yu Dokuchits, and Emuesiri D. Ejairu. "Integrated Asset Management for Extreme Disasters: Assessing the 2023 Flood Events and Resilience of Critical Infrastructures." In Asset Integrity Management of Critical Infrastructure. ASME, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.887738_ch7.

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The global community is currently witnessing many casualties and economic losses resulting from extreme weather and climate-related disasters, particularly floods. These occurrences have become more pronounced in terms of their intensity and frequency due to climate change. In 2023, many countries experienced devastating floods and heavy rainfall, and the problem is further exacerbated by humanity’s increasing reliance on critical infrastructure and essential assets, which will lead to increased susceptibility to situations classified as 'extreme occurrences'. Therefore, it is imperative to pr
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Johnson, Victoria C., and Sherwood R. Wang. "Promoting Collaboration among Trainers in the National Weather Service." In Collaborative Information Technologies. IGI Global, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-931777-14-8.ch006.

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In the last several years, the National Weather Service (NWS) has undergone a massive modernization and reorganization effort, substantially changing the organization’s structure and the technologies used to produce forecasts. When the reorganization is completed in the year 2000, the NWS will have approximately 120 local weather forecast offices throughout the country (plus Puerto Rico and Guam), with over 1000 forecasters. The new technological systems (such as Doppler radars and upgraded satellites) have produced a flood of data that requires forecasters to have up—to—date scientific knowle
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DuLong, Jessica. "“Sell first, repent later.”." In Saved at the Seawall. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501759123.003.0011.

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This chapter examines how Chelsea Piers facilities, located directly up the Westside Highway from Lower Manhattan, had served a major role in disaster response from the earliest hours of the 9/11 attacks. The piers offered water stations for people fleeing from downtown and became a key debarkation point for the waterborne evacuation, delivering more than 10,000 people off the island from its docks. Then, the following day, more than 30,000 people arrived to volunteer their help and connect with other New Yorkers. In the days that followed, thousands of uniformed personnel were fed in an event
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Sampath Kumar, V., S. Muthusamy, and P. Mohana. "CLIMATE INDUCED URBANIZATION IMPACT ON URBAN FLOOD HAZARD USING GIS AND REMOTE SENSING." In Futuristic Trends in Agriculture Engineering & Food Sciences Volume 3 Book 1. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bcagp1ch40.

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Flooding is one of the most common natural disasters that afflict people all over the world. It is a serious natural hazard in Velachery that arises every year. Floods in Velachery are distinguished for their unusually huge volume, widespread devastation, and frequency. Velachery suffers from a flood generated by Velachery Lake. The primary cause of flood in that area is the topographic condition, accelerated rate of deforestation, high intensity of rainfall, explosive increase of people, large amount of land use, and so on. Despite the fact that it is an age-old phenomenon in the Velachery la
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Montz, Burrell E., and John A. Cross. "Hazards." In Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233923.003.0042.

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In August of 1992, Hurricane Andrew battered south-eastern Florida, causing fifty-eight deaths, and more than $27 billion in property losses (National Climatic Data Center 1999). The following year, widespread flooding occurred within the Upper Mississippi River basin, inundating 5.3 million hectares during the worst flood to affect much of the region in this century. The Northridge earthquake (magnitude 6.7) led to sixty-one deaths and more than $20 billion in property damage and loss in 1994. A year later, Kobe, Japan, experienced a magnitude 6.9 earthquake. Despite massive efforts to prepar
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Ortloff, Charles R. "Hydraulic Engineering and Water Management Strategies ofAncient Societies." In Water Engineering in the Ancient World. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199239092.003.0007.

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Societies of widely different social, economic, political, religious, and technical innovation characteristics in opposing world hemispheres developed urban and rural population centres with water and agricultural systems to maintain stable economies and expanding populations. Despite vast historical, cultural, and world view differences between these societies, one common thread united them: the necessity for mastery of engineering skills to provide water for cities and agricultural systems. Although it may be thought that the technical basis to support water engineering practice is accompani
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Trifonova, Tatiana, Dmitriy Trifonov, Dmitry Bukharov, Sergei Abrakhin, Mileta Arakelian, and Sergei Arakelian. "Global and Regional Aspects for Genesis of Catastrophic Floods: The Problems of Forecasting and Estimation for Mass and Water Balance (Surface Water and Groundwater Contribution)." In Flood Impact Mitigation and Resilience Enhancement. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91623.

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Traditionally torrential rains are considered to be the main factor of flood emergence. But with some examples of disastrous floods in absolutely different parts of the world, the rough estimation of the water balance results in the necessity to suggest a correct alternative hypothesis. Our simplest model (taking into account precipitation, evaporation, and soil permeability) clearly points out the significant discrepancy in several events between potentially accumulated and observed water masses. This observation puts forward the idea that precipitation is necessary, but it is not often a suf
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Katz, Jonathan I. "Introduction." In The Biggest Bangs. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195145700.003.0001.

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Abstract Gamma-ray bursts are the most violent events since the birth of the universe. They are perhaps ten times as energetic as the most energetic supernovas, the explosions that destroy massive stars and make neutron stars and black holes. More remarkable, the energy in a gamma-ray burst is concentrated into a small amount of mass moving at 99.999% of the speed of light. It has even been suggested that the most energetic cosmic rays—single elementary particles, each with enough energy to lift a 150-pound man an inch off the floor—are produced in gamma-ray bursts.
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Conference papers on the topic "Massive flood events"

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URZICĂ, ANDREI, ALIN MIHU-PINTILIE, CRISTIAN CONSTANTIN STOLERIU, and DAN CRISTIAN LESENCIUC. "Using 2D Hec-RAS Modeling for Modelling Major Flood Events (Post-2000) Downstream the Stânca Costești Reservoir (Middle Sector of Prut River)." In Air and Water – Components of the Environment 2024 Conference Proceedings. Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2024_06.

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Floods have been a significant concern for Romania, with notable events post-2000. These floods have been influenced by several factors, such as climate change, massive deforestation, inadequate urban planning and inadequate hydraulic infrastructure. The regions in the north-east of the country were particularly affected, suffering serious consequences for local communities, agriculture and infrastructure. The floods caused significant losses, including human and material losses. As main response, the Romanian authorities implemented 2007/60/EC Directive whose objective is to assess and manage
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Shahrukh Ali, Syed Muhammad, and Rana Rabnanwaz Ahmed. "Designing a Material Database for the Flood-Resistant Housing." In International Civil Engineering Conference. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-vwt4ov.

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Flooding has been a recurring disaster in the 21st century, with an annual average of 168 out of 370 events worldwide. According to the International Disaster Database (IDD), 57.1 million people were impacted by floods worldwide in 2022, with Pakistan accounting for 33 million people. With that massive impact, its management is of utmost importance, and fortunately, flood is not a type of disaster whose consequences cannot be mitigated. One of the obvious way is to look at the damages in retrospective way i.e., doing relief works, but it should be a less preferred choice. Rather, looking thing
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Crosson, Courtney. "The Ensuing Flood: Increasing Equity and Reducing Impact through Networked Decentralized Infrastructure." In AIA/ACSA Intersections Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.19.3.

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"The fourth National Climate Assessment warns of increases in the intensity and duration of precipitation events in the coming decades, leading to a greater severity and frequency of flash floods in portions of the United States. This concern is exacerbated by a national trend in deteriorating stormwater infrastructure and increased urbanization with densification of impervious land cover. In coastal cities with accelerated development, surge events overwhelm infrastructure that was not expanded with changes in land cover. In older cities with combined sewer systems, floods result in outflows
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Triananda, Ade Hamzah, Muhamad Aji, Ramdhan Ari Wibawa, Meita Silaban, Rinaldi Pasaribu, and Ria Ayu Rifani. "Managing Safety Risk and Oil Spill During Pre-Breakthrough Steam Flood by Steam Early Detection with Artificial Intelligent." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/215439-ms.

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Abstract Delta Area-X is the newest steam flood project in Delta Heavy Oil Field in Riau Province of Sumatra, Indonesia. The area currently produces 12,000 BOPD from 450 oil producers and 145 steam injectors that are supported by high proactive optimization that consists of steam cyclic stimulation, chemical stimulation, and pump optimization. The steam flood life cycle is divided into three general phases: immature phase, transition/steam breakthrough phase, and mature phase. Delta Area-X is currently entering the transition period. The transition phase is the most challenging period because
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Rashed, G., X. Yuting, and N. Evanek. "A Study of the Key Factors Associated with a Massive Pillar Failure in an Underground Limestone Mine Using Numerical Models." In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0760.

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ABSTRACT: Several massive ground collapses occurred in the past decade in US underground stone mines where surface subsidence occurred in most of them. The occurrence of a massive ground collapse in stone mines places the mine workers at great risk. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) initiated a project to better understand the causes of these massive collapses and reduce/eliminate their future occurrence. Previously the authors investigated one of these massive collapses and it was found that pillar failure was the most likely cause for the collapse. In this stu
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Iyer, Suresh S. "Innovative Method of Pipeline Protection by Sheet Piling in River Banks Susceptible to Erosion." In ASME 2017 India Oil and Gas Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iogpc2017-2419.

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Unprecedented flooding in Narmada River in August 2013 caused massive bank erosion at the pipeline crossing location leading to snapping of three pipelines and exposing few others except Reliance Gas Transportation Infrastructure Limited (RGTIL’s) EWPL. All these pipelines were laid by conventional trenchless HDD method wherein the landfall point was located at a relatively safe distance from the bank line. The current velocity at the crossing location being higher during floods coupled with weak bank strata, suitable and tangible measures were required to be taken to protect the pipeline from
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Iyer, Shivram Balasubramaniam, Sharifah Norliza Syed Salim, and Mashitah Jais. "Cost to Decarbonise." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/216536-ms.

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Abstract Industrialization and economic growth has led to greenhouse gas emissions, primarily carbon dioxide (CO2), the major driver of climate change. As economies grow and industries expand, there may be a greater demand for energy, often met by burning fossil fuels. We are all seeing now how climate change is impacting us from rising temperatures, sea-level rise, and extreme weather events. Glaciers around the world are vanishing at an alarming rate. The disappearance of mountain glaciers is a visible manifestation of climate change. Glaciers in the Alps, Himalayas, Andes, and other mountai
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Radoi, Radu, Ioan Pavel, Corneliu Cristescu, and Liliana Dumitrescu. "PRODUCTION OF DOMESTIC HOT WATER IN A SUSTAINABLE WAY BY USING A COMBINED SOLAR - TLUD SYSTEM." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/34.

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Fossil fuels are an exhaustible resource on Earth, and their use pollutes the environment massively. The population of the planet has grown a lot, and for the production of domestic hot water, to ensure a decent standard of living, it is necessary to consume increasing quantities of fossil fuels. The very high level of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere leads to an increase in average of annual temperature and climate change. Climate change is manifested by the melting of the ice caps, which has the consequence of increasing the level of the seas and oceans. Climate change also lead
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Reports on the topic "Massive flood events"

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Maharjan, Sudan Bikash, Pradeep Dangol, Tenzing Chogyal Sherpa, et al. Insights behind the unexpected flooding in the Budhi Gandaki River, Gorkha, Nepal. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2024. https://doi.org/10.53055/icimod.1084.

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On 21 April 2024, a flood from the glacial lake Birendra Tal was triggered by a massive ice avalanche caused by calving from the Manaslu Glacier. Manaslu, the eighth-highest mountain in the world at 8,163 meters above sea level, is located in west-central Nepal. The displacement wave resulted in the sudden release of water from the lake outlet into the Budhi Gandaki River in Gorkha district. This event was not a typical glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF), as the overflows did not breach the moraine dam, and no significant impact on the dam was observed post-event. However, the threat remains.
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Pritchett, Lant, and Martina Viarengo. Learning Outcomes in Developing Countries: Four Hard Lessons from PISA-D. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/069.

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The learning crisis in developing countries is increasingly acknowledged (World Bank, 2018). The UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) include goals and targets for universal learning and the World Bank has adopted a goal of eliminating learning poverty. We use student level PISA-D results for seven countries (Cambodia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Paraguay, Senegal, and Zambia) to examine inequality in learning outcomes at the global, country, and student level for public school students. We examine learning inequality using five dimensions of potential social disadvantage measured in PIS
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Bhutiani, Rakesh. Environmental Justice and Policy: A Global Imperative for a Fairer, Greener Future: An Urgent need 2025. Rakesh Bhutiani, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36953/rbb.13072025.

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“Environmental justice is not just about the environment-it about people. It’s about dignity. It’s about equity.” The damage we do to the planet does not land evenly. Dark smoke hangs over busy, low-income neighbourhoods, while coastlines that poor island families call home slowly slip below wave after wave. Too often, those who did the least to cause the problem feel the blow first and hardest. That imbalance sits at the heart of environmental justice. It says that caring for nature and caring for people must walk hand in hand. When a new mine opens, a highway stretches through a community, o
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