Academic literature on the topic 'Massive corals'
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Journal articles on the topic "Massive corals"
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LUNA ORTEGA, IVONNE, and VICENCIO DE LA CRUZ FRANCISCO. "ENSAMBLES DE MACROALGAS SOBRE SUPERFICIES MUERTAS DE CORALES ESCLERACTINIOS (ANTHOZOA: SCLERACTINIA) EN EL ARRECIFE ORO VERDE, VERACRUZ, MÉXICO." CICIMAR Oceánides 32, no. 1 (2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v32i1.192.
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Las macroalgas son abundantes en el arrecife Oro Verde, Veracruz pero, hasta ahora, se desconocía su riqueza taxonómica, y se presume que presentan asentamientos en los corales escleractinios hermatípicos. Por ello el presente trabajo investigó qué especies de corales presentaron colonizaciones algales; además, se determinó la composición taxonómica y la similitud de los ensambles de macroalgas entre las especies de corales escleractinios. Se establecieron diez puntos de muestreo de manera sistemática en el arrecife; en cada lugar de estudio se colocó un transecto de banda de 50 x 2 m para localizar y recolectar macroalgas en superficies muertas de corales escleractinios. La frecuencia de aparición de las algas se estimó con base en el total de corales estudiados, así como para cada especie coral. Para explicar similitudes y diferencias significativas de la composición de ensamblajes macroalgales entre especies de corales se aplicaron análisis de similitud y ordenación. Los corales escleractinios con ensambles de algas fueron Siderastrea siderea, Montastraea cavernosa, Pseudodiploria strigosa, Colpophylia natans, Stephanocoenia intersepta, Porites astreoides, Orbicella annularis, Orbicella faveolata. De un total de 100 colonias coralinas revisadas se determinaron 32 especies de macroalgas, las cuales están representadas en tres divisiones, 10 órdenes y 15 familias. Las macroalgas corticadas, foliosas corticadas y filamentosas fueron las más representadas en especies. Las algas de mayor frecuencia sobre los corales masivos fueron Laurencia obtusa, Amphiroa rigida y Caulerpa chemnitzia. Los corales masivos con mayor número de registros de algas fueron S. siderea (9 especies), M. cavernosa (19) y P. strigosa (17). Los ensambles algales en los corales masivos presentaron baja similitud, sin embargo no se detectaron grupos significativamente disimiles. Solamente S. siderea y M. cavernosa son ligeramente parecidos en la composición ficológica. Los resultados sugieren que los corales masivos del arrecife Oro Verde son vulnerables a la colonización de algas, pero es necesario indagar qué condiciones preceden al asentamiento algal.Macroalgal assemblages on dead surfaces of scleractinian corals (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) in the Oro Verde reef, Veracruz, MexicoBenthic macroalgae are abundant in the Oro Verde reef but their taxonomic richness was hitherto unknown and it is presumed to present settlements on the massive corals. For this reason, the present work investigated which species of massive corals show algal colonization. Also, their taxonomic composition was determined, and the similarity of the algal assemblages between species of scleractinian corals was measured. Ten sampling points were systematically established in the reef, where a transect band of 50 x 2 m at each site was placed to locate and collect algae fron the dead surfaces of scleractinian corals. The frequency of occurrence of algae species was estimated based on the total number of coral species studied, as well as on each coral species. Similarity and ordination analysis were applied in order to explain similarities and significant differences of the phycological composition among the coral species. Scleractinian corals with algal assemblages were: Siderastrea siderea, Montastraea cavernosa, Pseudodiploria strigosa, Colpophylia natans, Stephanocoenia intersepta, Porites astreoides, Orbicella annularis, Orbicella faveolata. Thirty-two species of algae were identified from a total of 100 revised coral colonies which are represented in 3 divisions, 10 orders and 15 families. The corticated, foliose corticated and filamentous macroalgae were the most represented species. The most frequent algae on massive corals were Laurencia obtusa, Amphiroa rigida and Caulerpa chemnitzia. Massive corals with higher algal records were S. siderea (9 species), M. cavernosa (19 species) and P. strigosa (17 species). The algal assemblages on the massive corals presented low similarity. However, no significant dissimilar groups were detected. Only S. siderea and M. cavernosa are relatively similar in phycological composition. The results suggest that the massive corals of the Oro Verde reef are vulnerable to the colonization of algae, but it is necessary to investigate the conditions preceding algal settlement.
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Nanami, Atsushi. "Spatial distribution and feeding substrate of butterflyfishes (family Chaetodontidae) on an Okinawan coral reef." PeerJ 8 (August 4, 2020): e9666. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9666.
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Coral reefs support diverse communities, and relationships among organisms within these communities are quite complex. Among the relationships, clarifying the habitat association and foraging substrate selection relative to habitat characteristics is of central importance to ecology since these two aspects are the fundamentals for survival and growth of organisms. The aims of the present study were to investigate the spatial distribution and feeding substrate selection of 14 species of butterflyfishes on an Okinawan coral reef in Japan. Species-specific spatial distributions varied with habitat characteristics (e.g., encrusting corals, massive corals, branching Acropora and rock). For feeding substrates, seven species of obligate coral polyp feeders exhibited significant positive selectivity for tabular Acropora, corymbose Acropora, encrusting corals and massive corals but significant negative selectivity for dead corals, coral rubble and rock. Among six species of facultative coral polyp feeders, two species exhibited significant positive selectivity for encrusting corals and massive corals, and one species showed significant positive selectivity for dead corals as feeding substrates. In contrast, three species exhibited no significant positive selectivity for any feeding substrates. A similar result was observed for one non-coralline invertebrate feeder. Among the 14 species, 12 species showed a relatively close relationship between spatial distribution and feeding substrates but the remaining two species did not. The present study is the first study to elucidate species-specific spatial distributions and feeding substrate selection of butterflyfishes on an Okinawan coral reef. The results of the present study suggest that diverse substrates, including various types of living corals (especially encrusting corals, massive corals, tabular Acropora, corymbose Acropora and branching Acropora) and non-coralline substrates (rock) are the primary determinants of spatial distributions and feeding sites. Thus, diverse substrates are important for maintaining high species diversity of butterflyfishes and changes of the substrates would likely change the spatial patterns and foraging behavior, although species-specific responses may be found, depending on their species-specific dependence on vulnerable substrates.
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Lafratta, A., J. Fromont, P. Speare, and C. H. L. Schönberg. "Coral bleaching in turbid waters of north-western Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 1 (2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15314.
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We report severe bleaching in a turbid water coral community in north-western Australia. Towed still imagery was used for a benthic survey near Onslow in March 2013 to assess thermal stress in hard and soft corals, finding 51–68% of all corals fully bleached in 10–15-m water depth. Tabulate or foliaceous Turbinaria was the locally most abundant hard coral (46%), followed by massives such as faviids and poritids (25%) and encrusting coral (12%), thus over 80% of the local corals could be considered to be bleaching resistant. All coral groups were bleached in similar proportions (massive hard corals 51%<soft corals 60%<encrusting hard corals 62%<Turbinaria 62%<‘others’ 68%). NOAA data and environmental assessments suggest previous recurrent thermal stress throughout the last 10 years in the study area. On the basis of these records this stress apparently changed the community structure from bleaching vulnerable species such as Acropora, leaving more tolerant species, and reduced coral cover. We could see no evidence for adaptation or acclimation of corals in this area. Towed still imagery was found to be a suitable means for rapid and large-scale bleaching studies in shallow, turbid areas where diving can be difficult or impossible.
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DeCarlo, Thomas M., Hugo B. Harrison, Laura Gajdzik, et al. "Acclimatization of massive reef-building corals to consecutive heatwaves." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1898 (2019): 20190235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0235.
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Reef-building corals typically live close to the upper limits of their thermal tolerance and even small increases in summer water temperatures can lead to bleaching and mortality. Projections of coral reef futures based on forecasts of ocean temperatures indicate that by the end of this century, corals will experience their current thermal thresholds annually, which would lead to the widespread devastation of coral reef ecosystems. Here, we use skeletal cores of long-lived Porites corals collected from 14 reefs across the northern Great Barrier Reef, the Coral Sea, and New Caledonia to evaluate changes in their sensitivity to heat stress since 1815. High-density ‘stress bands’—indicative of past bleaching—first appear during a strong pre-industrial El Niño event in 1877 but become significantly more frequent in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries in accordance with rising temperatures from anthropogenic global warming. However, the proportion of cores with stress bands declines following successive bleaching events in the twenty-first century despite increasing exposure to heat stress. Our findings demonstrate an increase in the thermal tolerance of reef-building corals and offer a glimmer of hope that at least some coral species can acclimatize fast enough to keep pace with global warming.
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Ashey, Jill, Hailey McKelvie, John Freeman, et al. "Characterizing transcriptomic responses to sediment stress across location and morphology in reef-building corals." PeerJ 12 (January 30, 2024): e16654. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16654.
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Anthropogenic activities increase sediment suspended in the water column and deposition on reefs can be largely dependent on colony morphology. Massive and plating corals have a high capacity to trap sediments, and active removal mechanisms can be energetically costly. Branching corals trap less sediment but are more susceptible to light limitation caused by suspended sediment. Despite deleterious effects of sediments on corals, few studies have examined the molecular response of corals with different morphological characteristics to sediment stress. To address this knowledge gap, this study assessed the transcriptomic responses of branching and massive corals in Florida and Hawai‘i to varying levels of sediment exposure. Gene expression analysis revealed a molecular responsiveness to sediments across species and sites. Differential Gene Expression followed by Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis identified that branching corals had the largest transcriptomic response to sediments, in developmental processes and metabolism, while significantly enriched GO terms were highly variable between massive corals, despite similar morphologies. Comparison of DEGs within orthogroups revealed that while all corals had DEGs in response to sediment, there was not a concerted gene set response by morphology or location. These findings illuminate the species specificity and genetic basis underlying coral susceptibility to sediments.
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Harrell, Cailin, and Diego Lirman. "Dictyota defense: Developing effective chemical protection against intense fish predation for outplanted massive corals." PeerJ 11 (March 8, 2023): e14995. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14995.
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The incorporation of coral species with massive (e.g., boulder, brain) morphologies into reef restoration is critical to sustain biodiversity and increase coral cover on degraded reef ecosystems. However, fragments and colonies of massive corals outplanted in Miami-Dade County, Florida, US, can experience intense predation by fish within the first week of outplanting, resulting in >70% mortality. Here, we tested for the first time the potential benefit of feeding corals powdered Dictyota, a brown reef alga that is chemically defended against grazing, to determine if exposure to Dictyota can confer chemical protection to coral fragments and reduce the impacts of fish predation after outplanting. We found that feeding corals every 2 to 3 days for 2 months with dried and powdered Dictyota prior to outplanting significantly reduced predation levels on Orbicella faveolata and Montastraea cavernosa fragments (with less than 20% of the fragments experiencing predation up to 1-month post-outplanting). We also found that a single exposure to Dictyota at a high concentration 1 to 2 days prior to outplanting significantly reduced predation for six coral species within the first 24 h following outplanting. Thus, feeding corals dry Dictyota ex situ prior to outplanting appears to confer protection from fish predation during the critical first days to weeks after outplanting when predation impacts are commonly high. This simple and cheap method can be easily scaled up for corals kept ex situ prior to outplanting, resulting in an increase in restoration efficiency for massive corals in areas with high fish predation.
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Liao, Zhiheng, Kefu Yu, Yinghui Wang, Xueyong Huang, and Lijia Xu. "Coral-algal interactions at Weizhou Island in the northern South China Sea: variations by taxa and the exacerbating impact of sediments trapped in turf algae." PeerJ 7 (March 13, 2019): e6590. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6590.
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Competitive interactions between corals and benthic algae are increasingly frequent on degrading coral reefs, but the processes and mechanisms surrounding the interactions, as well as the exacerbating effects of sediments trapped in turf algae, are poorly described. We surveyed the frequency, proportion, and outcomes of interactions between benthic algae (turf algae and macroalgae) and 631 corals (genera: Porites, Favites, Favia, Platygyra, and Pavona) on a degenerating reef in the northern South China Sea, with a specific focus on the negative effects of algal contact on corals. Our data indicated that turf algae were the main algal competitors for each surveyed coral genus and the proportion of algal contact along the coral edges varied significantly among the coral genera and the algal types. The proportions of algal wins between corals and turf algae or macroalgae differed significantly among coral genera. Compared to macroalgae, turf algae consistently yielded more algal wins and fewer coral wins on all coral genera. Amongst the coral genera, Porites was the most easily damaged by algal competition. The proportions of turf algal wins on the coral genera increased 1.1–1.9 times in the presence of sediments. Furthermore, the proportions of algal wins on massive and encrusting corals significantly increased with the combination of sediments and turf algae as the algal type. However, the variation in proportions of algal wins between massive and encrusting corals disappeared as sediments became trapped in turf algae. Sediments bound within turf algae further induced damage to corals and reduced the competitive advantage of the different coral growth forms in their competitive interactions with adjacent turf algae.
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Stevens, Calvin H. "New species of the Early Permian cerioid coral Kleopatrina from northwest Chihuahua, Mexico." Journal of Paleontology 69, no. 6 (1995): 1176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000038154.
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Early Permian massive corals define a narrow zone (the Thysanophyllum coral belt of Stevens, 1982) that surrounded the northern and western margins of Pangaea from the southern Ural Mountains through western North America to Bolivia (Stevens, 1982; Wilson, 1990). This belt appears to have been essentially continuous in the Wolfcampian, and although massive corals persisted along this belt into the Leonardian, they were restricted to many fewer localities.
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Bessell-Browne, Pia, Hannah E. Epstein, Nora Hall, Patrick Buerger, and Kathryn Berry. "Severe Heat Stress Resulted in High Coral Mortality on Maldivian Reefs following the 2015–2016 El Niño Event." Oceans 2, no. 1 (2021): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/oceans2010014.
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Coral cover worldwide has been declining due to heat stress caused by climate change. Here we report the impacts of the 2015–2016 El Niño mass coral bleaching event on the coral cover of reefs located on central and northern atolls of the Maldives. We surveyed six reef sites in the Alifu Alifu (Ari) and Baa (South Maalhosmadulu) Atolls using replicate 20 m benthic photo transects at two depths per reef site. Live and recently dead coral cover identified from images differed between reef sites and depth. Recently dead corals on average made up 33% of the coral assemblage at shallow sites and 24% at deep sites. This mortality was significantly lower in massive corals than in branching corals, reaching an average of only 6% compared to 41%, respectively. The best predictors of live coral cover were depth and morphology, with a greater percentage of live coral at deep sites and in massive corals. The same predictors best described the prevalence of recently dead coral, but showed inverse trends to live coral. However, there was high variability among reef sites, which could be attributed to additional local stressors. Coral bleaching and resulting coral mortalities, such as the ones reported here, are of particular concern for small island nations like the Maldives, which are reliant on coral reefs.
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Frias-Torres, Sarah, Claude Reveret, Kerstin Henri, Nirmal Shah, and Phanor Hernando Montoya Maya. "A low-tech method for monitoring survival and growth of coral transplants at a boutique restoration site." PeerJ 11 (May 24, 2023): e15062. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15062.
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Background Coral reef restoration projects are becoming a popular corporate environmental responsibility activity at hotel resorts. Such involvement of private businesses offers the potential to expand restoration into a new socioeconomic sector. However, the scarcity of user-friendly monitoring methods for hotel staff, but robust enough to detect changes over time, hinders the ability to quantify the success or failure of the restoration activity. Here, we present a monitoring method of easy application by hotel staff, without scientific training, using the standard resources available at a hotel resort. Methods Survival and growth of coral transplants were evaluated over 1 year at a boutique coral reef restoration site. The restoration was tailored to the needs of a hotel resort in Seychelles, Indian Ocean. A total of 2,015 nursery-grown corals of branching (four genera, 15 species), massive (16 genera, 23 species), and encrusting (seven genera, seven species) growth types were transplanted to a 1–3 m deep degraded patch reef. A unique cement mix was used to transplant corals onto the hard substrate. On the north side of each coral selected for monitoring, we attached an 8.2 cm × 8.2 cm reflective tile. We used reflective tiles instead of numbered tags due to the expected amount of biofouling growing on the tag surface. Every coral was recorded with top view photography (perpendicular to the plane of coral attachment), with the reflective square in the field of view. We drafted a map of the site to facilitate navigation and re-sighting of the monitored colonies. Then, we developed a simple monitoring protocol for hotel staff. Using the map, and the reflective tiles, the divers located the coral colonies, recorded status (alive, dead, bleaching), and took a photograph. We measured the two-dimensional coral planar area and the change in colony size over time using contour tissue measurements of photographs. Results The monitoring method was robust enough to detect the expected survival of coral transplants, with encrusting and massive corals outperforming branching corals. Survival of encrusting and massive corals was higher (50%–100%) than branching corals (16.6%–83.3%). The change in colony size was 10.1 cm2 ± 8.8 (SE). Branching coral survivors grew faster than massive/encrusting corals. A comprehensive approach to the boutique restoration monitoring experiment would have included comparisons with a control patch reef with a similar species composition to the coral transplants. However, the ability to monitor such a control site, in addition to the restoration site, was beyond the logistic capabilities of the hotel staff, and we were limited to monitoring survival and growth within the restoration site. We conclude that science-based boutique coral reef restoration, tailored to the needs of a hotel resort, combined with a simple monitoring method, can provide a framework for involving hotels as partners in coral reef restoration worldwide.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Massive corals"
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Zayasu, Yuna. "The cospeciation between massive corals and gall crabs." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188516.
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Theodorou, Nearchos. "The enigmatic properties of fluorescent banding in massive corals of the species Porites lutea from Phuket, Thailand." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11460.
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Séré, Mathieu. "Identification of a primary pathogen involved in white patch syndrome, a newly-reported disease affecting the massive coral Porites lutea in the Western Indian Ocean." Thesis, La Réunion, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LARE0024/document.
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Cette étude a pour but d'identifier les principales maladies coralliennes, de quantifier leurs prévalences sur les récifs de la Réunion, d'Afrique du Sud et de Mayotte et de déterminer leurs variations spatiales et saisonnières. Les résultats ont révélé la présence de six grands types de maladies coralliennes. Les prévalences totales moyennes des maladies ont été plus élevées à la Réunion (7.5 ± 2.2%) qu'en Afrique du Sud (3.9 ± 0.8%) et qu'à Mayotte (2.7 ± 0.3%). Les genres coralliens Acropora et Porites ont été les plus vulnérables aux maladies dans les trois régions étudiées. Des variations spatiales et saisonnières ont été détectées pour la maladie de la bande noire (BBD) et les syndromes blancs (WS) à la fois à la Réunion et en Afrique du Sud avec des prévalences plus élevées sur les récifs peu profonds et pendant la saison chaude. Ce travail a également pour but de caractériser deux maladies non décrites à ce jour : le syndrome des patches blancs (PWPS) et le syndrome du patch noir (PBPS) chez Porites. PWPS, observé à fois à la Réunion, en Afrique du Sud et à Mayotte est caractérisé par d'importantes fragmentations tissulaires généralement associées à des corps ovoïdes basophiles ressemblant à des agrégats bactériens. L'analyse bactérienne a révélé une grande variabilité entre les tissus infectés et sains. L'identification des pathogènes responsables de PWPS a également été réalisée en laboratoire. Sur les 14 souches bactériennes sélectionnées et testées, seule la P180R, génétiquement proche de Vibrio tubiashii a généré des signes de PWPS. Pour finir, PBPS, une forme atypique de BBD a été observée sur les récifs de la Réunion. Les suivis réalisés ont montré des variations spatiales et saisonnières avec des prévalences plus élevées sur le platier et pendant l'été. L'histologie a mis en évidence la présence de cyanobactéries et de corps basophiles dans les tissus infectés du corail. L'analyse génétique a révélé la présence d'une plus grande diversité de taxons dans les tissus infectés par PBPS que dans les tissus sains représentés par le genre Vibrio<br>During the past two decades, the emergence and spread of infectious diseases have caused substantial declines in the biodiversity and abundance of reef-building corals. Despite their increased global prevalence and virulence, little is known about coral diseases on Indian Ocean coral reefs. This study aims to fill this gap in knowledge by identifying the main coral diseases and quantify their prevalence at three localities Reunion, South Africa and Mayotte, determining their spatial distribution and seasonal variation. Principal findings of this study demonstrated the presence of six main coral diseases including black band disease (BBD), white syndromes (WS), pink line syndrome (PLS), growth anomalies (GA), skeleton eroding band (SEB) and Porites white patch syndrome (PWPS). The overall disease prevalence was higher in Reunion (7.5 ± 2.2%; mean ± SE) compared to South Africa (3.9 ± 0.8%; mean ± SE) and Mayotte (2.7 ± 0.3%; mean ± SE). Acropora and Porites were the genera most vulnerable to disease. Spatial variability was detected in both Reunion and South Africa with BBD and WS more prevalent on shallow than deep reefs. There was also evidence of seasonality in two diseases: BBD and WS, their prevalence being higher in summer than winter. Corals exhibiting signs of PWPS revealed extensive tissue fragmentation, generally associated with ovoid basophilic bodies resembling bacterial aggregates within the mesoglea of the body wall. Other organisms, including Cyanobacteria, Nematoda, Ciliata and endophytic algae, were also observed on diseased tissues and were generally associated with the dead epidermis and cell debris. Results of 16S rRNA sequence analysis revealed a high variability between bacterial communities associated with PWPS-infected and healthy tissues in Porites lutea. Several bacterial ribotypes affiliated to potential putative pathogens notably Shimia marina and Vibrio hepatarius were consistently found among the 16S rRNA sequences derived from the PWPS lesions, and absent and/or poorly represented in HT. Primary pathogens involved in the PWPS were also investigated in this study using traditional culturing techniques and laboratory infection trials. Of the 14 isolates selected for the inoculation trials, only the bacterial strain P180R mostly phylogenetically closely related8 to Vibrio tubiashii with its closest known sister taxon, V. hepatarius, was shown to cause signs resembling those of PWPS and satisfied the four Henle-Koch’s postulates. P180R displayed focalised and progressive tissue paling 12 h after inoculation and visible lesions of PWPS were observed 12 h thereafter. Signs of PWPS appeared on 90% of the exposed coral fragments (27 of 30) under controlled environmental conditions. Moreover, the virulence of this marine pathogen was tested and seemed to be strongly dependent on seawater temperature, resulting in significantly higher tissue loss at 30°C than 28°C and 26°C. Finally, a multidisciplinary approach involving field surveys, gross lesion monitoring, histopathology and 454-pyrosequencing was investigated to characterize an atypical form of BBD named PBPS. Histology revealed cyanobacterial penetration of the compromised tissue as well as the presence of basophilic bodies resembling bacterial aggregates in the living tissue, adjacent to the bacterial mat. Bacterial 16S rRNA sequences yielded a broader diversity of bacterial taxa in PBPS-infected tissues than in healthy tissue, represented by the genus Vibrio (24.9%), followed by sulfate-reducers or sulfide-oxidizers such as Desulfovibrio (20%), Clostridium (12.9%) and Arcobacter (9.9%). PBPS appears to be a multi-stage disease triggered by cyanobacterial invasion and resulting in secondary infections by environmental bacteria that grow in mucus-like decomposing tissue
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Theodoran, N. K. "Understanding the nature and significance of fluorescence in massive corals of the species Porites lutea from Phuket, Thailand." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.662833.
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Bright bands in massive corals of the species <I>Porites lutea</I> have been associated with periods of increased rainfall. However, stain experiments involving <I>Porites lutea</I> from Mo Phuket have shown that bright bands are deposited during the dry season. Thus, one of the main objectives of this thesis was to understand more fully the processes that are involved in the production of fluorescent bands. The second major objective was to build a device that could reliably record fluorescent emissions directly from solid coral. It was hoped that the fluorescent emissions recorded in this way could then be compared with environmental factors, and in particular rainfall. In order to achieve the first objective, solid state coral fluorescence was examined to determine (1) what effects porosity (macro and micro) have on coral fluorescence, and (2) the distribution of fluorophores in the skeleton. By studying the fluorescence of solutions in which the CaCO<SUB>3</SUB> has been removed by acid dissolution, it was possible to determine the effects of both fluorophore concentration and the metal ions, iron and manganese, on coral fluorescence. Environmental samples (soil, sediment, seawater and polyp tissue) were also examined in an attempt to identify the source(s) of coral fluorophores. Although Boto and Isdale (1985) have suggested that terrestrial humic acid is responsible for bright band fluorescence in <I>Porites lutea</I>, the same, or very similar, fluorophores were found in both bright and dull bands. Two main types of fluorophore were identified, a 330-340 nm excitation peak group and a 390 nm excitation peak group. Work has shown that changes in the absolute concentration of these fluorophores (i.e. their relative concentrations remain constant) appears to be the main control on fluorescent banding. Increases in fluorophores concentration can result in both a change in the colour of coral fluorescence as well as a change in intensity. When solid coral was viewed using a fluorescence microscope, two main types of fluorescence were seen, yellow/orange fluorescent patches and a blue background fluorescence. The yellow/orange fluorescent patches were randomly distributed, ranged in size from 8-35 μm and appeared to be due to black, possibly organic, inclusions (sub-micron to 3 μm). Although the distribution of these patches was not mapped, observations suggested that they were more numerous in bright bands. This thesis suggests that differences in the ratio of yellow/orange fluorescent patches to background fluorescence controls the colour of coral fluorescence. As fluorescent emissions in the solid state are dominated by short wavelength emissions, the background region of the coral (which is also dominated by short wavelength emissions) is thought to exert the main control on fluorescent intensity. Although terrestrial surface soil contained the most concentrated source of coral-like fluorophores, it was not possible to confirm the origin of coral fluorescence as coral-like fluorophores were found in all the environmental samples.
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Alaguarda, Diego. "Effects of global changes on microbioeroding communities living in massive corals from the Western Indian Ocean over long term." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS237.
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Les récifs coralliens sont de plus en plus menacés par les changements globaux qui affectent à la fois les processus d’accrétion et d’érosion. Parmi ces processus, la bioérosion récifale est un processus de dégradation naturelle majeur résultant de l’action de divers organismes sur et dans les substrats carbonatés. Depuis peu, une attention particulière est portée sur la meilleure compréhension des rôles joués par les microflores bioérodantes (ou perforantes) comprenant des cyanobactéries, microalgues et fungi, dans le fonctionnement des récifs coralliens, et notamment le bilan carbonaté du fait de leur rôle important dans la dissolution récifale des carbonates morts à court terme (jour, mois, année). La présente thèse avait donc pour objectif principal d’étudier les effets de certains facteurs environnementaux, dont le réchauffement et l’acidification des océans à long terme (décennie) sur à la fois la composition, la distribution et l’abondance de communautés microperforantes récifales. Etant donné que des expériences à long terme avec des coraux morts sont peu envisageables, plusieurs carottes coralliennes issues de deux genres coralliens massifs (Diploastrea sp. et Porites sp.) à croissance lente, ont été collectés le long du Canal du Mozambique et en particulier à Mayotte, permettant de couvrir les dernières décennies (30 à 50 ans). Ces coraux massifs sont connus pour être de véritables bioarchives géologiques largement colonisées par les microflores perforantes qui, en dissolvant le CaCO3, créent des galeries. Pour étudier la dynamique des microflores perforantes dans les deux genres coralliens ciblés, deux méthodes innovantes ont été développées: le machine learning pour analyser rapidement et précisément des milliers d’images de galeries microperforantes prises au Microscope Électronique à Balayage (MEB) le long de trois transects verticaux parallèle à l’axe principal de croissance du corail, et l’étude de biomarqueurs lipidiques le long d’une carotte corallienne (Diploastrea sp.). La méthode du machine learning basée sur un model CNN a d’abord été développée sur le corail Diploastrea sp. avec une précision de 93%, puis adaptée au Porites sp. en modifiant notamment un hyperparamètre (précision de 95%). L’approche géochimique a consisté à tenter d’identifier des marqueurs lipidiques spécifiques de la microalgue Ostreobium sp. et du corail Diploastrea sp. au cours des dernières décennies. Les résultats ont montré que l’abondance des galeries microperforantes est 3 à 4 fois plus importante dans le corail Diploastrea sp. que dans le Porites sp. et qu’elle a diminué quelque soit le genre corallien, au cours des dernières décennies. Chez Diploastrea sp., la diminutation est de 90% en 54 ans et est couplée à un changement très important dans la composition des communautés entre 1985-1986. La densité (bulk) du Diploastrea sp. a également chuté de manière significative les 5 dernières décennies. Des régressions logistiques ont montré que la température, la vitesse des vents, le pH interne du corail, plus ou moins couplés, sont correlés à l’abondance des traces microperforantes. L’approche géochimique a également mis en évidence la diminution importante d’un biomarqueur lipidique, les amides, au cours des dernières décennies. Bien qu’il soit difficile d’attribuer les amides à un taxon ou une espèce en particulier présente dans le squelette corallien, j’émets l’hypothèse que potentiellement ces dernières pourrait refléter la présence de communautés microperforantes. Pour confirmer ou infirmer les tendances observées, il est nécessaire d’étudier un plus large nombre de carottes coralliennes sur un temps plus long. En outre, d’autres facteurs pourraient être étudiés pour mieux comprendre la diminution de l’abondance des communautés microperforantes et son implication dans la santé et la résilience des coraux, tels que les métaux traces ou d’autres variables du système des carbonates<br>Coral reefs are increasingly threatened by global changes as they affect both accretion and erosion processes. Among these processes, reef bioerosion is a major natural process of degradation resulting from the action of various organisms on and in carbonate substrates. Recently, a particular attention has been given to the roles played by bioeroding (or perforating) microflora, which include cyanobacteria, microalgae, and fungi, in the functioning of coral reefs, especially in the carbonate budget, because of their important role in the dissolution of dead carbonates over short term (day, month, year). The thesis's main objective was thus to study the effects of global change factors such as ocean warming and acidification, on the composition, distribution, and abundance of reef microbioeroding communities over long term. Since long-term experiments with dead corals are difficult to carry out, several coral cores from two slow-growing massive coral genera (Diploastrea sp. and Porites sp.) were collected along the Mozambique Channel, particularly in Mayotte. Those cores covered the last decades (30 to 50 years). Such massive corals are known to be natural geological archives largely colonized by microbioeroding communities which leave traces while dissolving CaCO3. To study the dynamics of microbioeroding communities in the two targeted coral genera, two innovative methods were developed: a machine learning approach to quickly and accurately analyze thousands of Scanning Electron Microscope pictures of microbioeroding traces along three vertical transects parallel to the main coral growth axis, and a lipid biomarkers approach along a coral core of Diploastrea sp.. The machine learning method based on a CNN model was first developed on the coral Diploastrea sp. with an accuracy of 93%. It was then adapted to Porites sp. by modifying a hyperparameter (95% accuracy). The geochemical approach tried identifying specific lipid markers of the boring microalga Ostreobium sp. and the coral Diploastrea sp. during the last decades. The results showed that the abundance of microbioeroding traces is 3 to 4 times higher in the coral Diploastrea sp. than in Porites sp and has decreased in both coral genera over the last decades. In Diploastrea sp., the decrease was 90% over the last 54 years and was coupled with a very important change in community composition between 1985-1986. The density (bulk) of Diploastrea sp. has also dropped significantly over the last 5 decades. Logistic regressions showed that temperature, wind speed, and internal pH of the coral, more or less coupled, are correlated to the abundance of microbioeroding traces. The geochemical approach also highlighted a significant decrease of a lipid biomarker group, the amides, over the last decades. Although it is difficult to attribute amides to a specific taxon or species in the coral skeleton, I hypothesize that they could potentially reflect the presence of microbioeroding communities. To confirm or refute the observed trends, there is a need to study more coral cores, from different areas, and over a longer period. In addition, other factors should be studied to understand better the decrease in the abundance of microbioeroding communities and its implication in coral health and resilience, such as trace metals and other variables of the carbonate system
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Canesi, Marine. "Impacts des changements globaux sur les coraux massifs Porites et Diploastrea de l’océan Pacifique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASJ007.
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Les coraux tropicaux sont des archives naturelles qui permettent d’une part, de reconstruire la variabilité océanique et, d’autre part, d’évaluer les impacts du réchauffement climatique et de l’acidification des océans sur ces organismes calcifiants.À partir d'un jeu de données unique issu de 40 colonies de corail massif couvrant l’ensemble de l'Océan Pacifique, de nouvelles calibrations de température ont été développées via l’analyse géochimique élémentaire de leur squelette pour la période 2010-2016. Ainsi, l’utilisation de l’approche « multi-traceurs » couplant Sr/Ca-Li/Mg permet de réduire les incertitudes de reconstruction des températures à ± 0,87 °C. Grâce à cela, deux séries temporelles de température dérivées de colonies de Porites et de Diploastrea de Palaos (Micronésie) ont été comparées. Celles-ci révèlent une discordance marquée des variations temporelles selon le traceur utilisé ou le genre étudié et donc, la nécessité de mieux comprendre les processus de bio-minéralisation. Pour cela, l'analyse géochimique (B/Ca et δ11B) de squelettes coralliens a été réalisée afin de reconstruire les propriétés chimiques des carbonates au sein du fluide de calcification (cf).Ce travail doctoral met en évidence la capacité des coraux massifs à réguler la chimie des carbonates de leur cf avec, pour Porites une hausse du pHcf (~ 8,41) à la fois sur un site témoin (pHsw ~ 8,03) et sur un site naturellement acide de Palaos (pHsw ~ 7,85), favorisant ainsi le processus de calcification.À l’échelle du bassin Pacifique, il en résulte que la température conjointement à la chimie des carbonates de l’eau de mer (pHsw, DICsw et Ωsw) pilotent cette régulation interne ainsi que les paramètres de croissance. Parmi eux, la densité du squelette des Porites diminue de 14 % en condition acide, ce qui pourrait à terme, les rendre plus vulnérables.En revanche, la régulation interne du genre Diploastrea semble plus sensible au réchauffement de l'océan et mérite donc une attention particulière dans les études futures afin d’évaluer leur capacité à supporter ce réchauffement conjugué à l'acidification des océans<br>Tropical corals provide natural archives to reconstruct oceanic variability and evaluate the impacts of global warming and ocean acidification on these calcifying organisms.From a unique dataset of 40 massive coral colonies across the Pacific Ocean, I developed temperature calibrations via elemental geochemical analysis of their skeletons for the period 2010-2016. The use of a "multi-proxy" approach coupling Sr/Ca-Li/Mg reduces the reconstructed temperature uncertainties to ± 0.87 °C. Thereby, two temperature time series derived from Porites and Diploastrea colonies from Palau (Micronesia) were reconstructed and compared. These reveal a substantial discrepancy in temporal variations by proxy or genus of interest and hence, the need to better understand bio-mineralization processes. With this aim, I analysed the B/Ca and δ11B of the coral skeletons in order to determine the carbonate system properties of the calcifying fluid (cf).My results highlight the ability of massive corals to regulate the carbonate chemistry of their cf with, for Porites, an increase in pHcf (~ 8.41) both at a control site (pHsw ~ 8.03) and at a naturally acidic site in Palau (pHsw ~ 7.85), promoting the calcification process.At the Pacific Ocean level, it emerges that temperature together with seawater carbonate chemistry (pHsw, DICsw and Ωsw) influence this internal regulation as well as the growth parameters. In particular, the skeletal density of Porites decreases by 14% under acidic conditions, which might ultimately lead to a greater vulnerability to further damages.In contrast, internal regulation of the genus Diploastrea is more likely to be sensitive to ocean warming and therefore, deserve forefront attention in the future studies to assess their ability to endure increasing global ocean warming and acidification
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DeLong, Kristine Lee. "Paleoclimatic reconstruction and evaluation of sub-centennial climate variability in the late Holocene using records from massive corals (New Caledonia), tree-rings (New Mexico) and speleothems (China)." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002726.
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Nicolas, Jean Vincent Arnaud. "Historical climate variability reconstructed from massive coral records in the western Indian Ocean." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9811.
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Includes bibliographical references.<br>Coral δ¹⁸O and Sr/Ca records from massive corals in the western Indian Ocean (WIO) are used to establish the heterogeneous distribution of warming rates across the tropical and subtropical regions and to investigate if it corresponds with that from instrumental sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The coral records correlate with instrumental data better on monthly time scales compared to annual time scales. Coral thermal stress was assessed by the Degree Heating Months (DHM) technique and even though the coral DHM aligns quite well with instrumental DHM, the values from coral data are generally 2-3 times greater in magnitude than the DHM values from instrumental data. It was found that the accumulated thermal stress, calculated from coral and instrumental data, for the majority of the tropical and subtropical WIO sites has been increasing since the 1970’s. From 1870 to 1995, both the tropics and the subtropics have been warming in general, although with different and varying rates as recorded by the coral and the instrumental SSTs. It was further revealed that both the tropical and the subtropical WIO warmed during the summer and winter periods during 1870-1995. On longer time scales, the relationship between the coral records in the WIO and climate indices showed a significant interannual variability approximately centered at periods 3-6 years, indicating a probable link with ENSO and IOD. The extent to which coral reefs from different sites in the WIO are prepared to survive climate change based on historical SST variability and intensity of warming rates are described. It could therefore be suggested that some corals may be more favoured to survive warming climate compared to others because corals in the WIO are located in different oceanographic conditions and experience different climatic variations.
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Paul, Nicole Christine. "Variable Recovery of the Massive Coral, Porites Lobata, in Response to El Nino-Southern Oscillation Events at Devil's Crown, Galapagos, Ecuador." NSUWorks, 2012. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/93.
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Porites lobata is an important reef building coral in the tropical eastern Pacific and the dominant Porites species in the Galápagos archipelago. Following the 1982-83 El Niño-Southern Oscillation the Galápagos Islands experienced 97-99% coral mortality, leaving many areas throughout the archipelago denuded of corals. Because very few long term assessments have been conducted on the growth and resilience of P. lobata to natural disturbances in the Galápagos Islands (Glynn et al., 2001; Glynn et al., 2009), benthic surveys were performed on a uniquely dense aggregation of P. lobata colonies at Devil’s Crown, Floreana Island between 1993 and 2011. Annual changes in live tissue area were calculated for the majority of the population (n=17) using Coral Point Count with Excel extensions (CPCe 3.6) software to determine growth and recovery trends for this aggregation. Total live tissue area (n=10) increased from 1993 to 2011, however due to high interannual variability this increase was not significant. Within this overall pattern, a general trend of decline was observed in live tissue cover from 1993 to 2000, with increases in tissue area observed from 2000 to 2011. Severe bleaching (85-100%) was observed during the 1998 survey, followed by 42% tissue loss (n=10), coinciding with sea water warming associated with the very strong 1997-1998 El Niño-Southern Oscillation event. Subsequent regrowth of coral tissue was observed during the 2001 survey with continued recovery through 2009. Multiple comparison testing revealed a significant difference between the impacted state (1999) and the recovered state (2009), (p = 0.002, Dunn’s method, n=17), suggesting this aggregation required a period of ten years to recover from this disturbance. During this recovery period the moderately strong 2007-2008 La Niña, with accompanying stressful low temperatures, occurred but did not interrupt tissue regrowth. Warmer than average sea surface temperatures occurred during the warm months from 2008 to 2011, during which time a cool period occurred from 2010 to 2011. While the magnitude and duration of temperature anomalies during warming were not as great as those observed during the 1997-98 ENSO, low temperatures observed during the cool period were similar to those experienced throughout the 2007-08 La Niña. During this time total live tissue cover was reduced by 19% (n=10); however it is unknown whether this was due to warming or the following cool period. Based on results from the 1997-98 El Niño and 2007-08 La Niña, this reduction in live tissue was most likely caused by elevated sea surface temperatures. Data on the growth and resilience of P. lobata populations at Devil’s Crown will be used for conservation and management of this important resource.
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Koerner, Sarah G. "Timing and Potential Drivers of Symbiont Selection in the Early Life Stages of the Massive Starlet Coral Siderastrea siderea." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2019. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/516.
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The ability of corals to build reefs can be attributed to their relationship with single-celled algae of the familySymbiodiniaceae.Through the process of photosynthesis, these algae can provide their coral hosts with over 90% of their daily energy requirements. Most coral species acquire multiple species of symbionts from the surrounding water during their larval stage or immediately after settling. However, over time, the coral will select a dominant symbiont speciesthat can depend on the local environment. Until this study, the size or age of the coral at which this transition from multiple Symbiodiniaceaespecies to one dominant species occurs has remained uncertain. Likewise, it was unclear whether the selection of Symbiodiniaceaespeciesis influenced by the environment. The environmental conditions and symbiont composition of one hundred and eighteen juvenile Siderastrea siderea were assessed across four sites in Broward County, Florida. Presuming newly settled corals acquire multiple symbionts and then select just one dominant species, it was determined that the transition from multiple symbiont speciesto one dominant species in Siderastrea sidereaoccurs in the single polyp stage, between the time of settlement and approximately 4 to 6 months of age. The results also suggest that the selection of these dominant symbiont speciesis influenced by the environment, and that juveniles commonly select the same species as adults inhabiting similar environmental conditions. The selection of symbionts homologous to adult corals combined with environmental influences may be an early indicator of acclimatization in Siderastrea siderea.
Books on the topic "Massive corals"
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Fisher, Robert B., Yun-Heh Chen-Burger, Daniela Giordano, Lynda Hardman, and Fang-Pang Lin, eds. Fish4Knowledge: Collecting and Analyzing Massive Coral Reef Fish Video Data. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30208-9.
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Braverman, Irus. Coral Whisperers. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520298842.001.0001.
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Coral Whisperers captures a key moment in the history of coral reef science and of environmental conservation at large. Drawing on more than one hundred interviews,the book documents the physical, intellectual, and emotional plight of coral scientists and their painstaking deliberations as they struggle to understand and save corals from what many of these scientistshave come to see as the corals’inevitable catastrophic future on a rapidly warming and otherwise assaulted planet.We are here in the thick of contemporary coral science, and we can feel its urgency: the experts, who are witnessing massive coral death around the planet, both grieve for this death and must simultaneously narrate it. Yet despite the desperate realities confronting corals in the Anthropocene, coral scientists have not given up hope. Through their engaging narratives, corals emerge as a sign, a measure, and a way out of the imminent catastrophe facinglife on earth.
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Chen-Burger, Yun-Heh, Robert B. Fisher, Daniela Giordano, Lynda Hardman, and Fang-Pang Lin. Fish4Knowledge: Collecting and Analyzing Massive Coral Reef Fish Video Data. Springer London, Limited, 2016.
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Chen-Burger, Yun-Heh, Robert B. Fisher, Daniela Giordano, Lynda Hardman, and Fang-Pang Lin. Fish4knowledge: Collecting and Analyzing Massive Coral Reef Fish Video Data. Springer International Publishing AG, 2016.
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Chen-Burger, Yun-Heh, Robert B. Fisher, Daniela Giordano, Lynda Hardman, and Fang-Pang Lin. Fish4Knowledge: Collecting and Analyzing Massive Coral Reef Fish Video Data. Springer, 2018.
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QUEVEDO, Massiel, and Massiel Quevedo. Corals Family Rose Garden by Massiel Quevedo: A Sweet Love Gardening Story! Independently Published, 2020.
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Martin, Peter. China's Civilian Army. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197513705.001.0001.
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China’s Civilian Army tells the story of China’s transformation from an isolated and impoverished communist state to a global superpower from the perspective of its diplomats. In the early days of the People’s Republic, diplomats were highly disciplined, committed communists who feared revealing any weakness to the threatening capitalist world. Remarkably, the model that revolutionary leader Zhou Enlai established continues to this day despite the massive changes the country has undergone in recent decades. Even today, Chinese diplomats work in pairs so that one can always watch the other for signs of ideological impurity. China’s Civilian Army charts the history of China’s diplomatic corps from its earliest days through to the present, drawing on the memoirs of more than a hundred retired diplomats and dozens of interviews.
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Mangeot, Mathieu, and Agnès Tutin, eds. Lexique(s) et genre(s) textuel(s) : approches sur corpus. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.9782813003454.
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Cet ouvrage collectif rassemble vingt-quatre contributions scientifiques sélectionnées parmi les présentations des onzièmes journées du réseau Lexicologie, Terminologie, Traduction. Ces journées intitulées « Lexique(s) et genre(s) textuel(s) : approches sur corpus » eurent lieu à Grenoble, France du 25 au 28 septembre 2018. Les études lexicales ont connu un profond renouveau depuis quelques années avec l'exploitation massive de corpus de données textuelles pour les études linguistiques. Ces approches ont à la fois renouvelé les méthodes de collecte des données, mais aussi les descriptions linguistiques, désormais davantage basées sur l'usage. L’accent de cette édition 2018 a été mis sur les méthodes de description des unités lexicales exploitant les corpus textuels. Le Réseau LTT: Présent et actif de longue date sur l’ensemble du continent africain, le réseau **Lexicologie, Terminologie, Traduction (LTT)** a été l’un des premiers réseaux de chercheurs de l’Agence universitaire de la Francophonie avant de devenir une association internationale qui poursuit les objectifs et les idéaux de ses fondateurs et continue à œuvrer en partenariat avec les acteurs de la Francophonie. Depuis plus de trente ans, le réseau LTT inscrit ses travaux au cœur de la problématique de la diversité linguistique et du plurilinguisme. Il fédère vingt-quatre centres de recherche implantés sur quatre continents (Amérique du Nord, Asie, Europe et Afrique) et rassemble plusieurs centaines de chercheurs issus d’un grand nombre de pays francophones, voire de territoires où le français est une langue seconde, sans statut officiel ni lien génétique ou historique avec les langues locales. Le site web du réseau LTT est accessible à cette adresse : https://reseau-ltt.net
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Vionnet, Claire. L'ombre du geste. Georg Editeur, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32551/georg.12740.
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Ce livre met en exergue ce qui se loge dans l’ombre du geste dansant à partir d’une ethnographie des processus de création de trois compagnies suisses : Nicole Seiler, Massimo Furlan/Numéro23Prod, deRothfils. L’anthropologue s’est intéressée au processus de fabrication d’oeuvres chorégraphiques qui abordent des questions existentielles. Angoisse, solitude, rapports entre morts et vivants, ces performances mettent en scène des ombres sous la forme d’esprits, de fantômes et de monstres. Enrichie par une pratique personnelle de la danse, cette recherche est née d’une anthropologie phénoménologique. La proximité avec les danseur.euse.s et chorégraphes a introduit la chercheuse au coeur des préoccupations de la création chorégraphique, et l’a amenée à partager les joies et les douleurs des corps affectés. En dialogue avec les études en danse, cet ouvrage contribue aux théories sociales du corps et des sensations.
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Boggs, Colleen Glenney. Patriotism by Proxy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863670.001.0001.
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Patriotism by Proxy develops a new understanding of the connections between American literature and American lives by focusing on a historic moment when the military transformed both. At the height of the Civil War in 1863, the Union instated the first-ever federal draft. Paired with the Emancipation Proclamation, the draft inaugurated new relationships between the nation and its citizens. A massive bureaucratic undertaking, the draft redefined the American people as a population. Equitable as the system was in theory, the draft laid bare social divisions, as wealthy draftees could hire substitutes to serve in their stead. A unique feature of the Civil War draft, substitutes reflect the transformation of how the state governed American life: the draft is the context in which American politics met and also transformed into a new kind of biopolitics. Replicating the core assumption of representative democracy that enables one person to stand in as a political proxy for another, the substitute took the place of the draftee and stood in uneasy relationship to the volunteer. Censorship and the suspension of habeas corpus prohibited free discussions over the draft’s significance, making literary devices and genres the primary means for deliberating over the changing meanings of political representation and citizenship. Assembling an extensive textual and visual archive, Patriotism by Proxy examines the draft as a cultural formation that operated at the nexus of political abstraction and embodied specificity, where the definition of national subjectivity was negotiated in the interstices of what it means to be a citizen-soldier.
Book chapters on the topic "Massive corals"
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Lough, J. M., D. J. Barnes, and R. B. Taylor. "The potential of massive corals for the study of high-resolution climate variation in the past millennium." In Climatic Variations and Forcing Mechanisms of the Last 2000 Years. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61113-1_17.
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Fisher, Robert B., Kwang-Tsao Shao, and Yun-Heh Chen-Burger. "Overview of the Fish4Knowledge Project." In Fish4Knowledge: Collecting and Analyzing Massive Coral Reef Fish Video Data. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30208-9_1.
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Giordano, Daniela, Simone Palazzo, and Concetto Spampinato. "Fish Tracking." In Fish4Knowledge: Collecting and Analyzing Massive Coral Reef Fish Video Data. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30208-9_10.
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Huang, Phoenix X. "Hierarchical Classification System with Reject Option for Live Fish Recognition." In Fish4Knowledge: Collecting and Analyzing Massive Coral Reef Fish Video Data. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30208-9_11.
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Beyan, Cigdem. "Fish Behavior Analysis." In Fish4Knowledge: Collecting and Analyzing Massive Coral Reef Fish Video Data. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30208-9_12.
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Beauxis-Aussalet, Emma, and Lynda Hardman. "Understanding Uncertainty Issues in the Exploration of Fish Counts." In Fish4Knowledge: Collecting and Analyzing Massive Coral Reef Fish Video Data. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30208-9_13.
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He, Jiyin, Concetto Spampinato, Bastiaan J. Boom, and Isaak Kavasidis. "Data Groundtruthing and Crowdsourcing." In Fish4Knowledge: Collecting and Analyzing Massive Coral Reef Fish Video Data. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30208-9_14.
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Boom, Bastiaan J. "Counting on Uncertainty: Obtaining Fish Counts from Machine Learning Decisions." In Fish4Knowledge: Collecting and Analyzing Massive Coral Reef Fish Video Data. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30208-9_15.
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Fisher, Robert B. "Experiments with the Full Fish4Knowledge Dataset." In Fish4Knowledge: Collecting and Analyzing Massive Coral Reef Fish Video Data. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30208-9_16.
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Chen-Burger, Yun-Heh, and Austin Tate. "The Fish4Knowledge Virtual World Gallery." In Fish4Knowledge: Collecting and Analyzing Massive Coral Reef Fish Video Data. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30208-9_17.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Massive corals"
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Troeh, Sophia. "EFFECTIVE RESTORATION OF MASSIVE CORALS POST-STONY CORAL TISSUE LOSS DISEASE EPIDEMIC IN BISCAYNE NATIONAL PARK, FLORIDA." In GSA Connects 2023 Meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Geological Society of America, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2023am-388613.
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Canesi, Marine, Eric Douville, Louise Bordier, et al. "Growth parameters affect geochemical proxies in massive corals: Impacts on climate reconstructions." In Goldschmidt2021. European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.6856.
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Vincent, James, Tom Sheldrake, and Sebastian Flöter. "Can massive scleractinian corals be used to reconstruct short-term environmental disturbances?" In Goldschmidt2023. European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.16574.
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Canesi, Marine, Eric Douville, Paolo Montagna, et al. "Temperature Reconstructions in the Pacific Ocean from Massive Corals (Porites sp. And Diploastrea Sp.)." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.315.
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Muzaki, Farid Kamal, Dian Saptarini, and Aida Efrini Riznawati. "White syndrome on massive corals: A case study in Paiton power plant, East Java." In PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL BIOLOGY CONFERENCE 2016: Biodiversity and Biotechnology for Human Welfare. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4985423.
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Elobaid, Elnaim, Bruno Welter Giraldes, Hamad Al-Kuwari, Jassim Al-Khayat, Fadhil Sadooni, and Ekhlas Elbary. "Towards Sustainable Management of Coastal and Offshore Islands in Arabian Gulf Typology: Sensitivity Analysis, Ecological Risk Assessment of Halul and Al-Alyia Islands." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0035.
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The great majority of marine ecosystems in Qatar are in fast decline and nearing collapse, where most ecosystem has lost the biological and economic functionality. Aiming to support the decision makers in the management and restoration strategies for recovering the biological and economic functionality of the ecosystems/natural resources of Qatar, we conducted 1) a typology mapping of the main components of the ecosystem of two islands, 2) a sensitivity and vulnerability assessment according to the known guidelines and standards. Highlighting the potential ecological risk and required recommendations for sustainable management plans, within the frame of Qatar National Vision 2030 (QNV 2030). The Islands present different anthropogenic pressure. As expected, Al Alyia the coastal Island is under real risk, with critical areas of sensibility but still presenting a potential for recovering its economy and ecological functionality, highlighting the collapsed stage of the very sensitive coral reefs, the vulnerability of oyster beds and seagrass and the functionality of the mangrove (expanding) and Sabha with massive birds nesting. The offshore Island Halul presented in the typology mapping the coral reefs as the main ecosystem but with the presence of seagrass, algae bed, sandy beach, and Sabha. The coral reef still presents a certain functionality, with corals covering several hard substrates, however with high sensitivity and high vulnerability, especially the coral in the shallow areas with scattered colonies, and the vulnerable nesting of marine turtles on beaches. As the management, we recommend increasing the restoration effort of targeted ecosystems, mainly involving coral reefs for increasing the marine biodiversity in general and restoring the oyster beds for recovering the filtration service. Strategies must be made for recovering the ecosystems’ functionality and restore the productivity of the Qatari fishing stock. We recommend applying this mapping method and sensitivity classification for all marine areas around Qatar for supporting the management plans.
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Al-Fetyani, Mohammad, Muhammad Al-Barham, Gheith Abandah, Adham Alsharkawi, and Maha Dawas. "MASC: Massive Arabic Speech Corpus." In 2022 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/slt54892.2023.10022652.
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Gutiérrez-Fandiño, Asier, David Pérez-Fernández, Jordi Armengol-Estapé, David Griol, and Zoraida Callejas. "esCorpius: A Massive Spanish Crawling Corpus." In IberSPEECH 2022. ISCA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/iberspeech.2022-26.
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Sati, Hisham. "Quantum Discontinuity for Massive Gravity with a Cosmological Term." In COSMOLOGY AND ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS: Coral Gables Conference on Cosmology and Elementary Particle Physics. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1492184.
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Lubis, Muhammad Zainuddin, Muhamad Yudha Asmara, and Sri Pujiyati. "Massive Coral Backscattering Value Detection Using Single Beam Echosounder." In 2019 2nd International Conference on Applied Engineering (ICAE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icae47758.2019.9221672.
Full textReports on the topic "Massive corals"
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Kuster, K., C. M. Lesher, and M. G. Houlé. Geology and geochemistry of mafic and ultramafic bodies in the Shebandowan mine area, Wawa-Abitibi terrane: implications for Ni-Cu-(PGE) and Cr-(PGE) mineralization, Ontario and Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329394.
Full textAbstract:
The Shebandowan Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposit occurs in the Shebandowan greenstone belt in the Wawa-Abitibi terrane. This deposit is one of a few economic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits in the Superior Province and one of a very few deposits worldwide that contains both Ni-Cu-(PGE) and Cr-(PGE) mineralization. The mafic-ultramafic successions in the area comprise abundant flows and sills of tholeiitic basalt and lesser Al-undepleted komatiite (MgO &amp;gt;18 wt%, Al2O3/TiO2 = 15-25), the latter indicating separation from mantle sources at shallow levels. Siliceous high-Mg basalts (MgO 8-12 wt%, SiO2 &amp;gt; 53 wt%, TiO2 &amp;lt; 1.2 wt%, La/Sm[MN] &amp;lt; 1-2) are relatively abundant in the area and likely represent crustally contaminated komatiites. Ultramafic bodies in the Shebandowan mine area comprise at least three or four komatiitic sills (A-B, C, D) and at least two komatiitic flows (E, F), all of which are altered to serpentinites or talc-carbonate schists with relict igneous chromite and rare relict igneous orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene. Unit A-B contains pentlandite-pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite-pyrite-magnetite mineralization, occurring as massive sulfides, sulfide breccias, or stringers, and subeconomic chromite mineralization in contorted massive bands varying from a few millimetres up to 10 metres thick. The localization of massive and semi-massive Ni-Cu-(PGE) ores along the margins of Unit A and the paucity of disseminated and net-textured ores suggest tectonic mobilization. Chromite is typically zoned with Cr-Mg-Al-rich (chromite) cores and Fe-rich (ferrichromite/magnetite) rims due to alteration and/or metamorphism, but rarely contains amoeboid magnetite cores. The thickness of chromite in Unit B is too great to have crystallized in cotectic proportion from the komatiitic magma and a model involving dynamic upgrading of magnetite xenoliths derived from interflow oxide facies iron formations is being tested.