Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Masses d'eau – Océanographie – Méditerranée (mer)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 18 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Masses d'eau – Océanographie – Méditerranée (mer).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Barral, Quentin-Boris. "Caractérisation du front Nord-Baléares : Variabilité et rôle de la circulation des masses d'eau en Méditerranée Occidentale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOUL0006.
Full textThe Western Mediterranean is one of the basins with the most plastic pollution in the world, and its surface warming is four times more intense than that of the oceans. It is a so-called "laboratory basin" for the study of the global ocean : it develops its own overturning circulation. Its currentology is composed of 4 layers and about 6 water masses. The meeting of two water masses of different surface temperatures and salinities creates a thermohaline front. This thesis presents recent advances in the characterisation of front zones and water mass dynamics in the Western Mediterranean. The detection of surface fronts in a simulation, and on satellite observations, has produced maps of front presence statistics. Two major zones of fronts, of temperature and salinity, appear in the centre of the basin and are very different. The first is thermal, summer and 50m deep. It starts in the Pyrenees but fades towards the north-west of Corsica. The second is haline, quasi-permanent and over 200m depth. It clearly connects the Balearic Islands to southwestern Sardinia. Previously confused within a single "North Balearic front", their different origins and locations imply that two new designations are proposed. The haline front zone marks the boundary between young southern Atlantic waters (AW) and old northern waters (mAW). It is displaced southwards during the interannual deep water formation (DWF) of the Provençal basin, and then moves northwards under the influence of Algerian eddies (AEs). The development of an algorithmfor separating the 6 different water masses allowed the description of the particular circulation of each of them in the simulation. The average circulations coincide with the known literature. Then, besides an unrealistic deep circulation event, two important results are deduced. On the one hand, the simulation shows that the DWF of the Provençal Basin seems to dislocate the deep East Algerian gyre, modifying in turn the trajectory of the surface AEs. On the other hand, the 2005 DWF induced a deep water transit towards the Tyrrhenian Sea in 2009. However, this transit induced a surface return flow of mAWs through the Sardinia Channel towards the Algerian Basin, instead of the usual inflow through the Corsica Channel, and exceptionally causing AWto reach the Ligurian Sea
Waldman, Robin. "Etude multi-échelle de la convection océanique profonde en mer Méditerranée : de l'observation à la modélisation climatique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30361/document.
Full textThe northwestern Mediterranean sea, also named the Liguro-Provençal basin, is one of the few places where ocean deep convection occurs. This localized and intermittent phenomenon is one of the main modes of interaction between the deep ocean and the climate system. It is of paramount importance for the vertical redistribution of heat, carbon dioxyde and biogeochemical elements, and therefore for climate and marine biology. The PhD has been carried out in the framework of HyMeX programme, it aims at characterizing the ocean deep convection phenomenon in the Liguro-Provençal basin from the year 2012-2013 case study and at understanding the role of mesoscale dynamics and of the resulting intrinsic ocean variability on deep convection. The PhD work has first focused on characterizing the ocean deep convection phenomenon from observations collected during the 2012-2013 case study. We estimated the winter deep convection and spring restratification rates and an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) was developed to estimate the associated observation error. We conclude on the validity of MOOSE network observations to estimate the deep convection and restratification rates in the period 2012-2013. We characterize the period as exceptionally convective with a winter deep water formation rate of 2.3±0.5Sv (1Sv=106m³/s) and we estimate for the first time a spring deep water restratification rate of 0.8±0.4Sv. Two novel numerical approaches were developped during the PhD to characterize the roles of mesoscale dynamics and of intrinsic variability in the deep convection phenomenon. We implemented AGRIF grid refinement tool in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea within NEMOMED12 regional model to document the impact of mesoscale on deep convection and on the Mediterranean thermohaline circulation. In addition, we carried out perturbed initial state ensemble simulations to characterize the impact of ocean intrinsic variability on convection. After extensively evaluating the realism of deep convection in NEMOMED12 numerical model thanks to the 2012-2013 observations, we study with this model the impact of intrinsic variability on deep convection. During the case study as well as in the 1979-2013 historical period, intrinsic ocean variability largely modulates the mixed patch geography, particularly in the open-sea domain. At climatic timescales, intrinsic variability modulates largely the deep convection rate interannual variability. On average over the historical period, it also modulates the mixed patch geography, but it impacts marginally its magnitude and the properties of the deep water formed. Finally, we study with AGRIF tool the impact of mesoscale dynamics on deep convection and on the thermohaline circulation. In the 2012-2013 case study, mesoscale improves the realism of the simulated convection. We show that it increases the deep convection intrinsic variability. In this period as well as during the 1979-2013 historical period, it decreases the mean deep convection rate and it reduces deep water transformations. We mainly relate its impact on convection to the modifincation of the stationary circulation characterized by a relocation and an intensification of boundary currents and the presence of a stationary Balearic Front meander. Also, in the historical period, exchanges with the Algerian basin are increased, which modifies water mass climatological properties. Finally, the surface signature of mesoscale is likely to alter air-sea interactions and the coastal to regional Mediterranean climate
Mallil, Katia. "Circulation générale et processus de sous-méso échelle dans le bassin Algéro-Provençal de la Méditerranée à partir de données in situ." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS113.
Full textData from the SOMBA-GE2014 oceanographic cruise, allowed us to highlight the presence of Algerian gyres via current measurements. The temperature and salinity sections obtained across the basin allowed the visualization of the influence of the Algerian gyres on the hydrological distribution. Indeed, young intermediate Levantine waters extend from Saridinian LIW vein towards the interior of the Algerian basin, in the form of patches. LIW and WIW core climatologies covering the period 1960 to 2017 in the Algerian-Provençal basin were produced using the Mediterranean database of temperature and salinity profiles and new detection methods. A westward transport of LIW from the southern vein of Sardinia to the interior of the Algerian basin following the periphery of the Algerian gyres is highlighted by this climatology and confirmed by the cross-correlation of the cooling signal observed during the 1980s. The estimation of trends of LIW and WIW characteristics help to document their evolution. The acceleration of warming observed throughout the basin from 2010 is alarming. Glider observations have supported our conclusions regarding the effectiveness of mesoscale and submesoscale structures for the transport of water masses into the interior of the Algerian basin. Indeed, we observed WIW, LIW, and WMDW parcels within the Algerian Basin with more pronounced characteristics than adjacent waters
Arraes-Mescoff, Roseana. "Etude du comportement des particules dans la colonne d'eau méditerranéenne avec l'utilisation des traceurs géochimiques et la modélisation : application au site DYFAMED." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30130.
Full textPiété, Helen. "Imagerie sismique et océanographique des masses d'eau sur le plateau continental breton." Thesis, Brest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BRES0078/document.
Full textThis work is a preliminary study for the development of a new tool, marine seismic reflection, for the observation of the seasonal thermocline of the Iroise Sea. It is the first application of this technique to the observation of shallow oceanographic structures (z < 50 m). In order to define general requirements for the design of a seismic acquisition system suited to the imaging of such targets, the theory of the seismic measurement was first investigated. Four multi-channel seismic reflection profiles from the GO, Carambar and Sigolo cruises were then reprocessed and analyzed in order to assess the potential of conventional seismic systems. They were found ill suited to the imaging of shallow oceanographic structures, because of a high antenna filter induced by large offsets and seismic trace lengths, and sources that do not reconcile with the high level of emission and fine vertical resolution. New oceanographic data acquired in the Iroise Sea during the Fromvar 2010 cruise allowed simulation of the seismic acquisition, and the definition of optimal acquisition parameters for the imaging of the seasonal thermocline. Sea trials of this specifically designed system were performed during the ASPEX survey, conducted in early summer 2012. The seismic device featured: four seismic streamers, each consisting of 6 traces of 1.80 m.; a 1000 J SIG Sparker source, providing a 400 Hz signal with a level of emission of 210 dB re 1 μPa @1m. This survey captured the 15 m thick, 30 m deep seasonal thermocline in unprecedented detail, showing images of vertical displacements of horizontal wavelength of a several hundreds m to a few km , most probably induced by internal waves
Herrmann, Marine. "Formation et devenir des masses d'eau en Méditerranée nord-occidentale : influence sur l'écosystème planctonique pélagique : variabilité inter-annuelle et changement climatique." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/489/.
Full textOur objective is to contribute to the understanding of the functioning of the Mediterranean system using modeling tools. We first study the formation and fate of water masses in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. The impact of the oceanic model spatial resolution on open-ocean deep convection modeling is examined through a real case study, and is related to the essential role played by the mesoscale structures in the formation and fate of deep water. The comparison of simulations performed under different atmospheric forcings enables to study the influence of the spatial resolution of this forcing on the modeling of deep convection and to underline the importance of atmospheric extremes. We then investigate the impact of interannual atmospheric variability and climate change on dense water formation over the Gulf of Lions shelf. The volumes of dense water formed over the shelf, exported and cascading into the deep ocean are well correlated with the winter atmospheric heat loss. The strengthening of the water column stratification between the XXth and the XXIst centuries induces a strong decrease of these volumes. We examine the impact of physical processes on the planktonic pelagic ecosystem using a coupled hydrodynamical - biogeochemical model. The study of a reference year enables to validate the model and to underline its defects. Primary production and respiration show a weak interannual variability, however, carbon exportation and net metabolism show a stronger variability. Finally, the warming of sea water due to climate change induces an increase of primary production by the end of the XXIth century, together with an enhancement of the microbial loop
Oziel, Laurent. "Variabilité de la mer de Barents et son impact sur le phytoplancton." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066483/document.
Full textThe Barents Sea has a particularly rich ecosystem. This is an Arctic region subject to intense climate changes. The drastic decrease in sea ice cover is the most visible effect. What are the impacts of these climatic changes on the hydrology and phytoplankton? In order to answer these questions, this thesis relies on the creation of an extensive historical database of physical and bio-geochemical parameters. A 3D bio-geochemical model with an Arctic specific ecosystem is used when observations are lacking. At least, remote sensing data provides valuable time series of Ice concentration, Chlorophyll-a... The Polar Front, separating the Atlantic Water coming from the Nordic Sea from the Arctic Water, is the principal feature of the Barents Sea region. Its position is known west of 35°E, but we showed that the polar front splits into two branches in the East part of the Barents Sea: the "Southern Front" and the "Northern Front". They enclose the winter locally formed Barents Sea Water. An “Atlantification”, illustrating a doubling of the Atlantic Water volume, has been evidenced and goes along with a North-eastward shift of the fronts. These hydrological and sea ice changes have a significant impact on the phytoplankton development. The two blooms of the Barents Sea occur further North and East with a 40% total anual biomass increase for the last two decades. This study suggests that the winter sea ice conditions and the frontal structure are the key mechanisms driving the inter-annual phytoplankton variability
Gasparin, Florent. "Caractéristiques des Masses d'Eau, Transport de masse et Variabilité de la circulation océanique en mer de Corail." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840821.
Full textOziel, Laurent. "Variabilité de la mer de Barents et son impact sur le phytoplancton." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066483.pdf.
Full textThe Barents Sea has a particularly rich ecosystem. This is an Arctic region subject to intense climate changes. The drastic decrease in sea ice cover is the most visible effect. What are the impacts of these climatic changes on the hydrology and phytoplankton? In order to answer these questions, this thesis relies on the creation of an extensive historical database of physical and bio-geochemical parameters. A 3D bio-geochemical model with an Arctic specific ecosystem is used when observations are lacking. At least, remote sensing data provides valuable time series of Ice concentration, Chlorophyll-a... The Polar Front, separating the Atlantic Water coming from the Nordic Sea from the Arctic Water, is the principal feature of the Barents Sea region. Its position is known west of 35°E, but we showed that the polar front splits into two branches in the East part of the Barents Sea: the "Southern Front" and the "Northern Front". They enclose the winter locally formed Barents Sea Water. An “Atlantification”, illustrating a doubling of the Atlantic Water volume, has been evidenced and goes along with a North-eastward shift of the fronts. These hydrological and sea ice changes have a significant impact on the phytoplankton development. The two blooms of the Barents Sea occur further North and East with a 40% total anual biomass increase for the last two decades. This study suggests that the winter sea ice conditions and the frontal structure are the key mechanisms driving the inter-annual phytoplankton variability
Alhammoud, Bahjat. "Circulation générale océanique et variabilité à méso-échelle en Méditerranée Orientale : approche numérique." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001798.
Full textLouarn, Essyllt. "Étude de la variabilité de la circulation des masses d'eau profondes en Atlantique Nord en relation avec le climat : utilisation des traceurs transitoires halocarbonés." Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2035.
Full textThe North Atlantic deep circulation variability is studied regarding global change. The variability is assessed using halocarbonated tracers (CFC-11, CFC-1 2, CFC-113 and CC14) and studying hydrographic cruises spanning from 1991 to 2006. In this work, water mass formation (Mediterranean Sea Water and Labrador Sea Water) and North Atlantic deep water masses properties and transport variability are studied. First, in the Gulf of Cadiz, the presence of a old and high-silicate water, caracterized as Antarctic lntermediate Water, is observed. That water is seen as participating to the lower Mediterranean Sea Water out of the Gulf. The formation site of the upper Labrador Sea Water is observed wider than formerly considered. It forms every year in the central Labrador Sea, that zone, under certain conditions, extends to the north South of Greenland (2005). Under severe wintertime, deep convection can occur in the Imminger Sea as observed in this study in 1997 and 2002. Second, the variability of the Labrador Sea Water is high since the 90’s. A reduction of the maximal convection depth is observed, at the same time the CFC-1 1 transport decreased at the level of the LSW. The Denmark Strait Overflow Water variability observed in the lmminger Sea is linked to a change in proportion of different waters composing it, in particular the presence of Polar Surface Water. Finally the CFC-11 fluxes north of the North Atlantic show a diminution of the air-sea exchange above that area especially in 2006 due to a decrease of the winter mixed layer depth, supporting a decrease of the uptake of anthropogenic carbon in that area
Mainsant, Gildas. "Réponse des masses d'eau intermédiaires et modales de l'océan Austral au mode annulaire austral : les processus en jeu et rôle de la glace de mer." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU060/document.
Full textRecent climate trends show a warming and freshening of the surface layers in the region of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Over the same period, the westerlies driving the circulation of the Southern Ocean have significantly increased. This increase is partly due to the intensification of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), the main mode of atmospheric variability south of 20°S. In this thesis, we are interested in understanding the effects of the positive trend of the SAM onto the properties of water masses formed in the region of the ACC. To do so, we implement a strategy of regional coupled ocean-sea ice simulations forced by a series of atmospheric disturbance scenarios.These scenarios are constructed from atmospheric reanalyses in order to describe the various components (dynamic and thermodynamic) of the changes related to the SAM. In response to the increase of the SAM, the simulations show a significant salinification of the ocean mixed layer and of the mode water (SAMW) and intermediate water (AAIW).Most of these changes can be attributed to the dynamic components of the SAM. In Seasonal Ice Zone, the thermodynamic components of the SAM can play an important part (especially in Amundsen Sea and Weddell Sea). The simulations also show the key role played by sea ice in mediating atmospheric changes toward the interior ocean.These simulation results suggest that SAM is not the only driver of recent climate trends in the Southern Ocean
Dubois-Dauphin, Quentin. "Restitution de l’hydrologie de l’Atlantique Nord-Est et de la Méditerranée occidentale depuis la dernière période glaciaire à partir de la composition isotopique du néodyme mesurée dans l’eau de mer et les coraux d’eau froide." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS114/document.
Full text: The purpose of this thesis is to constrain the hydrology of the North-East Atlantic and western Mediterranean Sea since the last glacial period from neodymium isotopic composition (εNd) measured on seawater, cold water corals and foraminifera. In particular, hydrological changes of intermediate water masses (LIW, AAIW, MSW, mid-subtropical and subpolar gyre water) have been studied as their role on salt budget in North Atlantic and ultimately on AMOC are currently poorly constrained. This work has been conducted at times of major and abrupt hydrological changes that occurred during rapid climatic variations of the last glacial period (Heinrich and Dansgaard-Oeschger events) and during the last sapropel deposit (S1) in eastern Mediterranean Sea. In a first step, we have improved the spatial distribution of water masses εNd values in North-east Atlantic and Alboran Sea, what is an absolute prerequisite in order to track past hydrological changes in these areas with εNd proxy. Next, we have highlighted a major change of the western Mediterranean circulation pattern during the sapropel S1 deposit, which is marked south of Sardinia by a strong reduction of eastern-sourced water masses (LIW) in favor of western-sourced water masses (WIW). This hydrological change as well as those occurring in Mediterranean Sea since the last glacial period was not associated with strong modifications of εNd values in Alboran and Balearic Sea, suggesting a stability of Nd isotopic signature of MOW over the time. This has highlighted, from an εNd record obtained on cold water corals in the Gulf of Cadiz, an enhanced contribution of more radiogenic AAIW and therefore a stronger northward penetration in North Atlantic at times of reduced AMOC linked to iceberg discharges from Northern Hemisphere ice sheets
Demarcq, Hervé. "Applications de la télédétection infrarouge et visible en océanographie. Etude de la zone de dilution rhodanienne, observations des zones de production dans le Golfe du Lion, et estimation de l'éclairement solaire global en Méditerranée Occidentale." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 1985. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00955845.
Full textBertosio, Cécilia. "On the evolution of the halocline in the upper Arctic Ocean since 2007." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS423.
Full textIn the Arctic Ocean, stratification is determined by salinity, unlike the mid-latitude oceans which are stratified by temperature. In other words, in the Arctic, salty water ends up at the bottom, even if it is warmer. The halocline of the Arctic Ocean is a 100-200m thick layer with strong vertical salinity gradients and is located between 100 and 350m depth. The halocline lies between the sea ice at the surface and the relatively warm Atlantic water. The halocline thus insulates the ice from the heat reservoir contained in the underlying Atlantic layer, and is a key element for the maintenance of the sea ice cover. During this thesis, we studied the evolution of the Arctic Ocean halocline since 2007, using several tools: hydrographic measurements obtained from autonomous drifting platforms or from sea campaigns, and high spatial resolution numerical model simulations ("PSY4")
Vignes, Lucie. "Etudes de la circulation et des modifications des eaux profondes circumpolaires sur le plateau continental sud-ouest de la mer de Weddell en Antarctique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS384.
Full textAntarctica and its surrounding seas are an important area regarding the climate regulation as well as an region highly impacted by climate change. Despite the paramount importance of this region, it is still largely under sampled in comparison with the other oceanic basins. Oceanic circulation around the antarctic margins regulates ice shelves melts and their buttressing effect on the antarctic Ice sheet, as well as the deep heat storage induced by vertical water masses movements. Thus understading the water mass circulation around Antarctica is fundamental for our comprehension of the global oceanic circulation, as well as the contribution of the Antarctic ice sheet to the sea level rise. In this manuscript I propose a study of a region on the antarctic margins : the Weddell Sea. This sea is the home region of the largest of the antarctic ice shelf, it is also the region producing the most important volume of deep waters. However the ocean-cryosphere processes in this region as still poorly understood. Some studies showed a subtle equilibrium and that the Weddell Sea, in response to the climate change, could be deeply modified and lead to a important melt of the ice shelf and a drastic reduction of the deep water formation. However, as long as our observations don’t allow us the better understand the processes at work, we can not refine our understanding of the Weddell Sea
Lacombe, Marielle. "Méthodes électrochimiques pour l'analyse in situ de composés bioactifs en milieu océanique." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/119/.
Full textThe implementation of in situ autonomous observatories for biogeochemical studies in the open ocean water column and in deep-sea chemosynthetic environments is crucial for the understanding of these ecosystems. We focussed this study on silicate and sulphide, two key compounds of the marine food chain. A voltammetric method for sulphide measurements on silver electrode is presented, and a new method for quantitative determination based on the solubility difference between silver chloride and silver sulphide is proposed. A completely reagentless method for silicate measurements is developed using molybdate and protons produced during molybdenum oxidation. These analytical developments allowed us to validate a submersible potentiostat, first step toward a new sensor for in situ measurements. A Drake Passage water masses analysis is also performed using data collected during the Drake ANTIII/3 oceanographic cruise in 2006
Vladoiu, Anda Claudia. "Turbulence in the Western Mediterranean Sea." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS558.
Full textThe processes characterising turbulence in the Western Mediterranean Sea were identified and quantified using microstructure measurements. The focus was on the Sicily Channel, a hotspot for turbulent mixing and a key region for water mass transformations. It modulates the heat and salt transport from the Eastern to the Western Mediterranean Basins and exhibits a large range of dynamical regimes. Turbulence is driven by the strong shear associated to the flow of Levantine Intermediate Waters (LIW) which is constricted by the bathymetry, and by internal wave breaking of tidal origin. A strong contrast was observed between the two deep passages in the channel. The mixing efficiency variability was investigated in the context of mechanically driven turbulence over a wide spectrum of turbulence intensities. A finescale parameterisation for the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate was validated for weak to moderate turbulence intensity. The vertical turbulent diffusive fluxes computed from the measurements allowed an assessment of the water mass property changes incurred in the channel. The analysis was extended to all the stations sampled in the Western Mediterranean, where the relative impact of double diffusion and mechanical turbulence on heat, salt and buoyancy fluxes, as well as on the LIW, was investigated