Journal articles on the topic 'Mass media – Technological innovations'

The current state of demand for medical information in the media has a high practical significance for the mass audience. Medicine is a science-intensive, rapidly developing field. In this regard, it is necessary to systematically inform the public about the achievements of medicine— in science, technology and industry, explaining the essence and possible consequences of a scientific discovery, popularizing methods of treatment of a particular disease, introducing society to innovative technological processes in the medical field, achievements and developments of the medical and pharmaceutical industry. The paper reviews the experience of media coverage of medical issues in the aspect of familiarity with innovations and technologies in the context of historical development both in our country and abroad.

As a result of the modernization of the information space and various information technologies, we have the opportunity to watch wars, natural disasters, sports events and others on television. Every day we receive international news from all over the world. A characteristic feature of the Internet today is media convergence, the technological fusion of content in various mass media. In recent years, the Internet has truly become a hub of convergence, a place where music, television shows, radio stations, newspapers, magazines, books, and movies are created, distributed, and presented. Today, computers and mobile phones are the most popular digital devices for online convergence, which can themselves create or stream books, movies, music, video games, and any other form of digital media. Today's global media market does not consist of any particular place, space or habit, it no longer has dimensions such as time and borders. It is permanently established in the digital world and cyberspace, on the screens of all computers and interactive televisions connected to the Internet, as well as mobile phones and still unbelievable inventions. In the digital age, where technologies are evolving every day, it is very important to adapt to innovations and news in time. In the modern world, the introduction of technological innovations in the means of mass communication is taking place rapidly, which has completely changed the forms of information dissemination. Today, accuracy, promptness, flexibility and interactivity are the key elements of modern multimedia journalism.

Arts and Technology has been involved in an interaction with each other since the existence of Human being. Technological innovations have not only included the society but also the art. ’The New Media’concept which has been the focus of this issue has also affected the visual communication design.The visual communication design has acreative process in which the technology and design are combined and communication is established. Additionally, the decrease in the interest in desktop publishing has led to the development of the concept of ‘the new media.’The new media design concept has been an important field especially in the developing countries. Because, in our century where competency almost disclaims right of living to the other, the companies and trademarks are making use of the power of visual communication design in order to bring up their productions one step forward than the others, to boost their pre-occupyingness, and to turn will of purchasing into permanency. In this study, the reasons for the innovation-visual communication design into the digital field, along with the new media concept have been addressed.Keywords: new media, visual communication design, design, digital, mass communication, consumer.

The multimedia and multi-platform character of the modern media market as an attribute of contemporary reality has been expanding considerably the informative potential of the society in using various hardware based on audiovisual technologies. This, however, does not eliminate a number of contradictions in the sphere of humanitarian practices formed by mass media. The article explores the relationship between technological innovations and value systems in the context of the screen content which is growing at an exponential rate, and traces the dependence of humanitarian categories on social needs.

The carte de visite of ‘The Lord Chief Justice of England’ (Sir Alexander James Edmund Cockburn, 12th Baronet) by London Stereoscopic and Photographic Company that dates from the early 1870s is an object that provokes and challenges ways of thinking about the judiciary and visual culture and research on the judiciary more generally. It demands that consideration be given to a history of the relationship between the judiciary, photography and mass media that has been hidden from history by the long shadows of cameras in courts research. It provides an opportunity to consider how the technological innovations that turned photography into a mass media phenomenon impacted upon the making, distribution and use of pictures of judges.

This analysis of Make, a US parenting magazine, focuses on how the periodical attempts to democratize science and technology through do-it-yourself (DIY) politics by rendering it a problem of child-rearing. Positioning the magazine within a broader context of contemporary interest in making and DIY practices, I argue that Make magazine deploys constructions of creative children to naturalize risk-taking as integral to future innovations, as a response to tensions between risks and responsibility underlying DIY modes of science and technology. Make magazine’s content performs what I define as the workshop-function, which distributes protocols through mass media for inaugurating spaces of scientific work outside of professional laboratories run by amateur scientific and technologic subjects. Make magazine highlights how DIY science and making intersects the politics of social reproduction, since the creation of amateur workshops and their operation become integral functions of the home, tying citizenship and political legitimacy to domestic labor in support of scientific and technological innovation.

The current study investigated several innovations for drone technology adoption in journalistic expeditions for intelligence and news gathering purposes. The necessity to leverage technologies to improve the direct involvement of eyewitnesses especially in violence-prone areas where physical and direct human involvement would be impossible or with high risk of survivability expectations is the motivating factor that directed the current research. The paper surveys the adoption of autonomous sensing drone systems in internet of things journalism and amalgamated the theoretic ingredients from the academic standpoint with realistic technological advancements from the global perspective and eventually expanded the propositions for conceivable adoption in the credible societal applications. The paper envisioned the future journalism and mass media practices and how drone innovation can revolutionize the journalism profession for the purpose of news and intelligence gathering with practical and technical realism with reduction of journalistic casualties.

Rapid technological advancement brings civilization to the mass media industry. The presence of new media in the community has created communication dynamics in the transmission of information. Traditional media must be able to align with transformation and innovation. Despite the flood of digital media, daily alert's main product remains newspapers. The constructivism paradigm and descriptive qualitative research methods were used in this study. In-depth interviews, observation, and documentation were used to collect data in this study. According to the findings of this study, mass media alert has a strategy to keep the newspaper alive in the digital era, an innovation strategy, a human resource management strategy, and a recognition of obstacles and solutions in order to stay alive in the digital era.

Aesthetic theory considers the reciprocal relationship between the creator, the object, and the viewer of an artwork. When viewing artworks on a museum website, a new element is added to the aesthetic model: the mass-mediated representation of the art object. This research brings together art and media theory, as well as technological understanding, to study mass-mediated presentations of artworks and to gauge audiences' visual attention to artworks based on differences in media presentations. Study findings indicate that art museums are generally showing rigor for visual displays of their artworks on their websites, thereby providing a legitimate visiting experience for their virtual patrons. However, regarding technology, art museum websites are not fully embracing web capabilities. Eyetracking data provide empirical evidence of the effects of certain changed aesthetic variables in the viewing experience. From a theoretical perspective, the research showed how aesthetic theory can be placed within a media aesthetic theory model to study the mass mediated viewing experience.

During the Covid-19 pandemic, the simplest economic, economic and social activities were restricted in many countries. The introduction of pandemic restrictions particularly affected sports organisations: it was forbidden to provide sports services, organise mass sports events, and restrictions were applied on group training and any social gatherings. Various organisational, technological, marketing, communication, public relations and other innovations allowed sports organisations to discover new operational opportunities, generate cash flows, and maintain the continuity of sports organisations’ activities in crisis conditions. The success of innovation is determined by certain factors, named as innovation implementation planning, strategic leadership, etc. Therefore, it is relevant to study what factors determine the success of a sports organisation implementing crisis innovations. The purpose of the study is to determine the factors determining the success of the implementation of crisis-driven innovations in sports organisations. Work tasks: To examine the theoretical aspects of implementing crisis-driven innovations in sports organisations; 2. To determine what crisis-driven innovations are implemented in the studied sports organisations; 3. To determine what factors led to the success of the implementation of crisis-driven innovations in the studied sports organisations. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature; structured interview; content analysis. Main results. The research results show that during the pandemic, the studied basketball clubs implemented the following crisis-driven innovations: 1. Necessary innovations according to legislation (disinfection innovations, separation of zones, temperature measurement technologies); 2. Marketing innovations (advertising innovations, innovations in the development of social network marketing, e-commerce, including the sale of licensed products); 3. Innovations in remote communication with fans (innovation of match previews on online platforms, "cardboard image" innovation, development of social networks, fans inclusion in the commercialisation of social media, creation of a virtual community of fans, e-sports); 4. Innovations to support the internal work of the club (remote communication within the club using Teams software, online training of basketball players). The most successful crisis-driven innovations were communication within the club and in the office through Teams; content marketing in social networks and its commercialisation, as well as solutions for selling advertising content during pandemics. Conclusion of the work: The success of the implementation of crisis-driven innovations of the basketball clubs studied during the pandemic was determined by the entrepreneurial spirit of the organisation, know-how in the field of innovation, strategic and tactical, quick planning, effective teamwork and having specialists in the organisation, managerial and innovative competence of managers, charismatic and innovative leadership, work with personnel (strengthening microclimate, encouraging the cooperation, psychological support for employees, motivation, openness in communication with employees), sufficient financial and human resources. Keywords: crisis innovation; implementation of innovations; success factors.

The emergence of TV in the first half of the 20th century became one of the media for mass audiovisual communication, technologically extending the tradition of electric telegraph and radio. Initially, TV was considered a media for transmitting current processes. With the introduction of video technology in the 1960s, TV began to capture live content and re-display videos. TV content production technologies have been radically changed by video editing, which has brought TV closer to the cinema. Technological changes in the analog era have had a greater impact on content production processes, and the digital era sparked a revolution in content consumption. Technological changes in the pre-digital and digital era can be seen as progress, but at the same time raises the question of media perception, even survival, as the technologies of production and distribution of TV content and audience behavior change from time to time.

A new generation of healthcare operations management (HOM) scholars is studying timely healthcare topics (e.g., organization design, design of delivery, and organ transplantation) using contemporary methodological tools (e.g., econometrics, information economics, and queuing games). A distinguishing feature of this stream of work is that it explicitly incorporates behavior, incentive, and policy considerations arising from the entanglements across multiple entities that make up the complex healthcare ecosystem. This focus is a departure from an earlier generation of research that primarily centered on optimizing given operations of a single entity. This paper provides an introduction to this burgeoning field and maps out research opportunities. We start with identifying key entities of healthcare delivery, financing, innovation, and policymaking, illustrating them on a healthcare ecosystem map (HEM). Next, we explore the HOM literature examining the interactions among various entities in the HEM. We then develop a taxonomy for the recent HOM literature (published in Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, Management Science, and Operations Research between 2013 and 2017), provide a tool-thrust graph mapping methodological tools with research thrusts, and situate the HOM literature in context by connecting it with perspectives from medical journals and mass media. We close with a reference to technological innovations that have the potential to transform the healthcare ecosystem in future decades.

Media convergence is a concrete step carried out by various mass media in the world as a result of technological transformation and internetization. The presence of the internet encourages the mass media to apply the concept of media convergence such as online media, e-papers, e-books, streaming radio and social media combined with other media. The purpose of this study was to determine how the implementation of the strategy used by the Sumsel Tribune in the era of media convergence, as well as the challenges faced and innovations made by the Sumsel Tribune in dealing with media convergence. The type of research used in this research is qualitative using the SWOT theory and media convergence theory. The research results reveal (1), the Sumsel Tribune is in the quadrant I position, is getting stronger and has a lot of potential opportunities by implementing an aggressive work strategy, (2) the media convergence system uses the concept of convergence dimensions according to Rich Gordon. Keywords: Newspapers, Media, Convergence, Tribune Sumsel Konvergensi media merupakan langkap konkrit yang dilakukan oleh berbagai media massa di dunia akibat dari transformasi teknologi dan internetisasi. Kehadiran internet mendorong media massa menerapkan konsep konvergensi media seperti media online, e-paper, e-books, radio streaming dan media sosial yang digabungkan dengan media lainnya. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan strategi yang digunakan Tribun Sumsel di era konvergensi media, serta tantangan yang dihadapi, dan inovasi yang dilakukan Tribun Sumsel dalam menghadapi konvergensi media. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan teori SWOT dan teori konvergensi media. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan (1), Tribun Sumsel berada pada posisi kuadran I, semakin kuat dan memiliki posibilitas peluang yang banyak dengan menerapkan strategi kerja agresif, (2) sistem konvergensi media menggunakan konsep dimensi konvergensi menurut Rich Gordon. Kata Kunci: Surat Kabar, Media, Konvergensi, Tribun Sumsel

Covid-19 transformed mobile payment services (MPS) diffusion pattern globally. Consequently, the need to examine factors contributing to the diffusion rate of MPS in this era is substantiated. Thus, this study employs Structural Equation Model (SEM) with social media administered survey data to estimate the nexus between MPS diffusion and technological factors, non-technological factors, and environmental factors. Results suggest that although MPS diffusion increased globally, mobile payment services have the highest diffusion rate. This is because of convenience, availability, and cost. Further, technological, non-technological, and environmental factors all contribute positively to the high rate of diffusion. Environmental factors like an escalation in the Covid-19 cases, recommendations from the center for disease control positively mediates the relationship between MPS diffusion and non-technological factors. Thus, to encourage mass diffusion and continual usage of MPS during and after the pandemic, cost of usage, convenience, accessibility, and mobile-based applications should be bundled for optimized user experience.

Various technological innovations in ICT have brought about profound changes in major aspects of education, namely the content delivery or pedagogy, and the structure or management of both formal and informal education. Current technology has also offered the ease of copying or reusing new innovation without the need to acknowledge or compensate the creators. New books, and methods or techniques can easily be copied and digital resources may speedily be scanned and forwarded without much regard to the creators’ effort or investment. These actions would potentially discourage creations of new innovations that would be useful for public lifelong learning. Understanding cultural perspectives in the relationship between the intellectual property system and religious works is significant since it analyzes the intersection of belief and culture with the application of the law. This paper explored the development of creativity and innovation in an informal education setting, specifically looking at Quranic teaching offered by private enterprises in Malaysia as a case study. This paper examined (a) to what extent the Quranic teaching and learning have been innovatively developed and (b) to what extent developers of new innovation in Quranic teaching and learning deem it necessary to protect their creations under intellectual property rights protection. This study utilized qualitative research, by way of document analysis gathered from reports, brochures, journal articles, newspapers, the Internet, websites and mass media focusing on the creativity and innovation in informal religious education. It also conducted semi-structured interviews with several companies that used new innovative methods in teaching the Quran. The findings revealed that although intellectual property protection is seen as a valuable business asset which provides legal recognition and acts as quality control, intellectual property protection plays a minimal role in encouraging innovation or the spread of Quranic teaching.

The essay reflects the indignation on the networks, relating the actions of social actors and their activist repertoires, and the use of technological innovations in media and mass communication at the end of the 20th century. XX and beginning of the XXI. It reflects on the new reality of social practices arising from this transformation, in new collective forms of organization and communication provided by the advent of the Internet. It proposes to address the role of media and communication technologies in the current stage of capitalism and movements contesting State action. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of cyberspace and the networks that inhabit it, new sociability environments and the construction of political mobilization alternatives. Data were collected on the web (virtual ethnography), therefore, a literature review with qualitative analysis. It brings Castells (1999; 2000; 2010), Lévy (1999), Harvey (2012; 2014), Alonso (2009), Gohn (2003; 2007), Boltanski and Chiapello (2009), as a theoretical framework. The internet is a two-way street – democratic and disputed territory, where the intense narratives produced on it add gains to social movements.

The contribution of extension and the use of innovation in agriculture, especially red chili, is needed by farmers to improve agricultural development. Agricultural extension to the red chili farming community in Tamansari Village, Wuluhan District, Jember Regency, East Java, to improve farmers' knowledge and skills regarding an innovation and help increase production. The application of extension methods to red chili farmers has different responses in accepting an innovation or technology. The purpose of this study was to find out how the use of extension methods through individual, group and mass methods in the innovation adoption process by red chili farmers. This research is qualitative by presenting a complete picture of the social condition of the phenomenon and analyzed by Miles and Hubberman. Determination of informants in this study was carried out using purposive sampling method, this study had 1 key informant namely the head of the farmer group and 10 supporting informants in this study which was carried out using the snowball sampling method, namely extension workers, formulators and farmers who were active in extension activities. The results showed that counseling was carried out using 3 methods, namely individual methods with home visits, land visits, informal contacts and inquiry. Group method with lecture, discussion, demonstration and field school techniques. Mass method with campaign technique, internet, radio and television. After counseling with 3 methods and each technique, farmers can accept and apply a technological innovation, namely: a) organic pesticides, b) the use of Plant Growth Promoting Rhyzobacteria (PGPR), c) tractors, d) diesel engines, e) charcoal husks, f) water pumping machines, g) demonstration plots of fertilizers and pesticides, h) superior seeds, i) partners with Bank Mandiri & BNI, j) cooperation with PT Dirga Guna Wibawa (DGW), PT Advanta and PT Arista, k) use of internet media. Keyword: Extension, Extension Methods, Red Chili, Adoption of Innovations, Farmer Groups

Media manipulation is based on the difference between perception and reality. It is generally easier and faster for people to adopt, reproduce and distribute short content from newspaper articles and various unreliable internet blogs, than from scientifically based research and extensive studies. Given the wide availability of some and the less availability of other sources, it is easy to conclude whose reporting will meet with more mass reception and enable the unreal to become real. The objectivity of modern media reporting is hampered by attacks on the economic viability of their business, unfair sources of information, unrealistic deadlines, page review quotas, incorrect information, greedy publishers, poor training of media workers, audience demands and so much more. With daily changes in social environment, assessment of the situation is important for any type of decision-making, especially when doing business. Through a review of the existing literature and data analysis, the paper will look at the power of the media, which influences public opinion, creating social reality, accepting change and making business decisions. New communication technologies have provided an opportunity for new ways of persuasive action and influence on the formation of attitudes. In this regard, manipulation techniques and the importance of media literacy are discussed. The emphasis is on recognizing, reading and responding to current social changes and technological innovations. The importance of the ability to adapt in the business world, how to find harmony between social needs and business interest, is pointed out.

The present research is devoted to the study of the role of the media in shaping and promoting the image of political parties. The analysis used general scientific methods, such as institutional and historical, as well as elements of content analysis of official documents and analysis of statistical data. The study of the image of political parties will always be relevant to ensure modern mechanisms for its formation. However, in the era of digitalization, political parties must be able to instantly adapt to new trends and trends in the field of communication. Research on the visual aspects of political communication has now acquired particular relevance due to the spread of social media in the political sphere. Communications and the environment of communication in the modern world are changing, which means that the process of obtaining information is also changing. The study of technologies for promoting the political image of parties through such channels as the media and social networks is of particular importance. In modern democratic states, political parties act as that socio-political institution, the issue of the perception of the image of which by citizens is of particular interest. Political transformations taking place in modern society lead to fundamental transformations in the mass consciousness, a change in the perception of images, their semantic content. Political parties are undergoing significant changes both at the institutional level and at the level of the formation and perception of their image by the mass consciousness. Political parties today are forced to quickly adapt to new conditions, which invariably entails fundamental changes both in the party structure and in party politics. Mediatization pushes political parties to the inevitable activation of mechanisms to attract voters through the media.

This article analyzes the original way in which the Brazilian cultural and musical movement Tropicália, led by Caetano Veloso and Gilberto Gil in the late 1960s, dealt with the constant imminence of seizure by the culture industry. Instead of seeking isolation from this modern reality of the market, Tropicália strove to critically amalgamate it, in addition to its technological innovations. In doing so, it established a language that brought together erudition and popular elements, as well as foreign influences and the Brazilian subject matter. Tropicália was not about using aesthetical autonomy as an alibi for shunning the world, but about accepting the challenges of artistic communication in a mass society, especially by means of popular music. It thereby introduced to Brazil the possibility of having vanguard art done while harnessing new media forms. Article received: April 20, 2021; Article accepted: June 23, 2021; Published online: October 15, 2021; Original scholarly article How to cite this article: Duarte, Pedro. "The Tropicália-Movement and the Challenges to Brazilian Art in the Age of Culture Industry." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies 26 (October 2021): 63-70. doi: 10.25038/am.v0i26.470

Abstract The Internet has often been envisioned as a technological utopia, framed by the rhetoric of hope. However, after studying the popular discourse, three meta-narratives are identified: utopian narratives containing the pro-innovation position; dystopian narratives containing the anti-diffusion position; technology-as-risk narratives containing the control position. While narratives of anti-diffusion are more or less invisible, narratives of control are surprisingly absent from the scientific discourse about the Internet. The present article sets out to explore narratives of control as they were presented in the Norwegian press during the 1995-2006 period. We have also studied how the expectancy cycles of the Internet fluctuate over time within this period. The study supports two general conclusions: (1) the expectancy cycles for the Internet in the mass media fluctuate in a manner comparable with the stages of the innovation-decision process and; (2) the control position promotes individual, social, technological and institutional control, and is more prominent when the Internet is lower on the media agenda.

Objective: to examine the influence of positive and critical narratives in the media, illustrating the problems and strengths of the Russian innovation system development, on the formation of public opinion.Methods: the methodology of narrative analysis of economics and original institutionalism is used in relation to the national innovation system.Results: with the help of narrative analysis, we analyzed 43 media outlets from Internet sources selected in accordance with the Medialogiya rating “Federal Mass Media: 2020” for the period from 01.01.2010 to 01.07.2021. A range of significant issues is highlighted which affect the innovative development, mentioned by media addressees and the Russian innovation system actors (policymakers, business, academic circles). Four types of positive narratives about the Russian innovation system are identified: 1) narratives about significant technological achievements; 2) narratives about the development of innovative infrastructure; 3) narratives that tell about the public recognition of the success of the Russian innovation system actors at professional conferences or by the state; 4) futurological narratives about prospects in the medium or long term.Scientific novelty: consists in the development of the narrative economics approach and the concept of public arenas for the analysis of the Russian innovation system with the help of mass media.Practical significance: the identified positive narratives allow studying the best practices and rules that contribute to the integration of science, government and business into a single innovation system in order to further upscale the positive experience to the entire economy. Positive narratives also contribute to the formation of a favorable innovation space and public opinion in Russia.

The relevance of the study is caused by the continuous transformation and innovations of the digital environment, the undefined categorical apparatus of digital journalism, and national peculiarities of the process of creating online journalistic discourse. The main purpose of the study is to identify the conceptual features of digital journalism and to highlight the communication specificity of the designated type of media. Based on the studies of R. Salaverría, it is proposed to understand under digital journalism all types of journalism performed with the help of digital technologies, that is changeable social journalistic practice focused on a heterogeneous mass audience, presented in specific but at the same time changeable genres and formats. Thus, there are debates on the application of the terms ‘cyberjournalism’, ‘online journalism’, ‘multimedia journalism’, ‘computational journalism’, ‘algorithmic journalism’, ‘data-driven journalism’, and others to this type of media activity. The main research method applied in this study is discourse analysis, which made it possible to understand the problems of a modern digital environment, to trace the genesis of digital journalism, to carry out typological analysis of the existing digital media system, to determine the specifics of media products and audience participation in digital creation and consumption of news. The novelty of the study lies in an attempt to introduce a systematic definition of ‘digital journalism’ into the scientific discourse, to pay attention to such features as uncertainty and variability, a transformation of the traditional categorical apparatus, changing roles and functions of participants in the communicative process. The results of the study clarify the subject-object and structural characteristics of modern journalism as well as determine the organizational and technological transformations of digital media production.

In this paper we discuss the deadlocks of defining art in modern culture. The lack of criteria and modernism revisited are of crucial issue in this account. The theoretical mainframe of our approach is founded on the Frankfurt School thinkers (Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno, Walter Benjamin), and of course Jürgen Habermas. This theoretical apparatus also draws on contemporary accounts given by Sorbonne Professor Marc Jimenez and art critic John A. Walker.[1] The paper discusses whether fine art may survive, in what forms – and to what purpose – in an age of mass media and in conditions of rapid networked communication. The paper sets off from the critical role radical art plays in today’s divided yet global world and on the continuing debates between high art and low culture, but reflects on the interaction between art, media and technology. To support our argument we suggest Body Art and other web/digital and technological applications in art, and the cyber-art currently being produced for the internet. The paper acknowledges the numerous interactions between art and culture in a postmodern pluralistic world, and draws from the vast range of contemporary works of art to illustrate and to criticize theoretical points. The true test of theory in aesthetics is their application to particular cases. When a theory shows limitations in such an application, we gain clues as to what theoretical adjustments or innovations are called for to accommodate today’s works. The introductory part of the essay comprehensively surveys recent debates on works of art, mass culture and society, and their socio-philosophical significance. The main discussion refers to the work of Walter Benjamin and Jürgen Habermas, aptly commented on by Marc Jimenez;[2] after exploring the complex relationships between culture and art as it’s reflected in that work, the argument provides an account of the 1980s political turn in aesthetics and explicates the impact of new communication technologies in modern culture. The narration is enhanced by specific examples of works of art in the era of mass media, web and digital culture, and underlines both the styles’ pluralism and the variety of parameters affecting the interaction between art and mass media communication. Critical findings and suggestions for further research conclude the paper. [1] Marc Jimenez, Qu’est-ce que l’esthétique, Paris: Gallimard, 1997; John A. Walker, Art in the Age of Mass Media, London: Pluto, 2001. [2] Jimenez, Ibid.

Media convergence is one of the developments of mass media that involves many technological factors in it. The presence of the internet encourages conventional mass media to apply the concept of media convergence such as online media, e-paper, e-books, radio streaming and social media combined with other media. The purpose of this study is to analyze the strategy of iNews TV Palembang and PAL TV in order to continue to exist in the era of media convergence. The type of research used in this research is qualitative using SWOT theory and media convergence theory. From the results of the analysis it can be said that iNews TV Palembang is in the position of quadrant 3 which shows that iNews TV Palembang has a chance but faces several obstacles, this is especially the iNews TV Palembang lantern is still in the form of a bureau and relies on central iNews TV. While PAL TV Palembang is in quadrant 1, because of its strong position and opportunity. Second, researchers also discovered several challenges faced by both in the era of media convergence, namely the rapid development of the internet and online media so as to encourage people to access online media more easily through gadgets or handphones. Third, researchers found the innovation of iNews TV Palembang and PAL TV in carrying out media convergence. Where the two local TVs have now used the internet and online media to convey information.

<p><strong><em>The purpose of the study</em></strong><em> is to formulate the definition of the concept of «media continuum» in the perspective of social and communication priorities of the XXI century. The realization of the outlined goal led to the formulation and solution of the following tasks: 1) to analyze the semantic content of the terms «media space», «mass media space» and derivatives; 2) to outline the scientific reception of the concepts of «chronotope» and «continuum».</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology</em></strong><em>. In the course of the research a number of methods were used: the method of analysis – to highlight the essential characteristics of the categories </em><em>«media space», «mass media space», «chronotope», «continuum»; method of synthesis – to outline the semantic nodes of the interdisciplinary perspective of the study of such categories as «space» and «time»; axiomatic method – to use a number of notions, concepts as fixed axioms and postulates; deduction method – to articulate an integrated vision of the media continuum concept.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Results.</em></strong><em> Based on research traditions of interpretation of the concept of continuum as a continuous formation in the disciplines of the social communication cycle, given the emphasis of scientists on the fundamental, essential role of new media in modeling and formatting space and time, taking into account the conditionality of everyday position of the individual, who is with others in the same time-space, has the opportunity to control the visual and sound environments within the </em><em>«electronic system» and, thus, participates in simultaneous and joint work – we consider it appropriate to denote unity, «reunification of space and time» of the latest social communication practices, information and communicative interaction to use the term media continuum as a flexible space-time model of sensory-symbolic reality, which, in turn, is inspired by socio-cultural, information and communication, technological, exterritorial new media.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty</em></strong><em>. The term «media continuum» is introduced into scientific circulation, structured in accordance with spatial and temporal landmarks and social communication priorities of the present, taking into account the intensification of technological innovations, saturation of social meanings, etc.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical significance.</em></strong><em> Awareness of «reunion of space and time» in modern days, the actualization of the time parameter allows to determine the basic parameters of the professional mediator <strong>with</strong> and <strong>in</strong> the format of the media continuum.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> media space, mass media space, chronotope, media continuum.</em></p>

<strong>English</strong><br />The government commits to achieve food sovereignty and self-sufficiency, especially those of rice, corn, and soybean (Pajale) in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. One of the problems is low speed of technological innovation adoption at farm level because of extension workers and farmer group’s communication is not dynamic. This study aims to analyze factors influencing technological innovation adoption of the Rice, Corn and Soybean Special Effort (Upsus Pajale) activities and roles of farmer group communication on technology adoption in Upsus Pajale activities. The research was conducted in Malang Regency, East Java Province. Primary data were collected using questionnaires from 90 respondents. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with key informants and direct observation. Primary data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a logistic regression model. The results showed that factors influencing technological innovation adoption in Upsus Pajale activities in Malang Regency were farmers’age, nonformal education, land holding size, mass media, farmers’ assistants, and the farmer group communication. Factors influencing the roles of farmer group communication were farmers’age, the size of controlled arable land, cosmopolity level, non-formal education, mass media, and farmers’ companion.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Pemerintah saat ini telah berkomitmen untuk mewujudkan kedaulatan pangan serta swasembada pangan, terutama komoditas padi, jagung, dan kedelai (Pajale) yang ditargetkan terwujud berturut-turut pada tahun 2017, 2018, dan 2019. Salah satu permasalahannya adalah kecepatan adopsi inovasi teknologi di tingkat petani masih rendah karena peran komunikasi penyuluh dan kelompok tani masih belum dinamis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap adopsi inovasi teknologi pada kegiatan upaya khusus (Upsus) Pajale dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap peran komunikasi kelompok tani terhadap adopsi inovasi teknologi dalam kegiatan Upsus Pajale. Lokasi penelitian dipilih secara sengaja di Kabupaten Malang, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner dengan responden sebanyak 90 orang dan didukung oleh data kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap beberapa informan kunci dan observasi langsung. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensia regresi model logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi adopsi inovasi teknologi pada kegiatan Upsus Pajale di Kabupaten Malang adalah umur petani, pendidikan nonformal, luas lahan yang dikuasai, peran media informasi, peran pendamping, dan peran komunikasi kelompok tani. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi peran komunikasi kelompok tani adalah umur petani, luas lahan yang dikuasai, tingkat kekosmopolitan, pendidikan nonformal, peran media informasi, dan peran pendamping petani.

The article deals with Manuel Castells’ theory of network society, corrected and updated according to the new events happened during the last 10 years. The author of the theory registers the major signals of the changing processes in the modern society, happening due to the expansion of networks in the age of technological innovations. Сhanges affected the global economy, finance, structure of labor, migration, the velocity , role and individual's perception of time. An unprecedented increase of urbanization in the world happened as well. The society became multiethnic. The network structure of the society leads to the uprise of a fundamentally new form of communication called mass selfcommunications. The launched process reduces the elitist role of the official issuer of information i.e. the information flows going vertically, and increases the importance of information published in open spaces on the Internet by individuals i.e. information flows going horizontally from individuals to individuals. New technologies let any individual create its own informational system using the Internet and mobile communication tools. Despite the appearance of mass self-communications in an atmosphere of high social instability, this form of communication turns up to be an effective tool in the matrix of social interaction in the Internet. An accelerated growth in number of mass self-communications’ users is being registered due to the revolutionary changes in the field of communication technologies which made wireless mobile communication devices able to stay connected to the Internet almost continuously. Wireless communication becomes the dominant form of communication in the world, being the fastest-spreading communication technology in history. In this regard the role and form of issue of information in mass-media changes. Synergy between mass-communication and all other forms of communication appeared. The result of this process is the emergence of a radically new culture of communication in modern society.

The purpose of the article is to generalize, systematize, and analyze the leading theoretical approaches to the formation and implementation of innovative models at tourist enterprises, as well as to determine the features of the process of forming the innovation management strategy of a tourist enterprise. The methodological basis of the proposed article is a systematic approach using general scientific and special economic methods of cognition, for example: comparative analysis during research on the need to apply innovative marketing at tourist enterprises. Scientific novely. The current state and directions of innovative development of enterprises in the field of tourism were studied, the main directions of innovative development of enterprises in the field of tourism and recreation were determined. An innovative type of development of tourist enterprises is proposed through the formation of a generalmodel of innovative development, which will make it possible to conduct further research on the example of specific tourist enterprises and offer recommendations for its implementation. Conclusions. Social aspects were analyzed and organizational forms of innovative directions of development of tourist enterprises were identified, which cannot be implemented without ensuring the effective functioning of the relevant organizational forms, including state authorities and local self-government; scientific and educational institutions; local communities and other communities; tourist enterprises and organizations; institutions in the field of service, transport and other networks; technical service institutions, consulting organizations; destinations; mass media, etc. Mechanisms of implementation of administrative and management and informational directions of innovative development of tourism and recreation are considered in detail. It was determined that the main directions of innovation are related to ensuring higher efficiency of management processes, increasing consumer loyalty, brand formation, etc. At the same time, technological innovations come to the fore, which is associated with the rapid development of information and communication technologies and their wide application in this field.

This article explores the governance by algorithms in information societies. Theoretically, it builds on (co-)evolutionary innovation studies in order to adequately grasp the interplay of technological and societal change and combines these with institutional approaches to incorporate governance by technology or rather software as institutions. Methodologically, it draws from an empirical survey of Internet-based services that rely on automated algorithmic selection, a functional typology derived from it, and an analysis of associated potential social risks. It shows how algorithmic selection has become a growing source of social order, of a shared social reality in information societies. It argues that – similar to the construction of realities by traditional mass media – automated algorithmic selection applications shape daily lives and realities, affect the perception of the world, and influence behavior. However, the co-evolutionary perspective on algorithms as institutions, ideologies, intermediaries, and actors highlights differences that are to be found, first, in the growing personalization of constructed realities and, second, in the constellation of involved actors. Altogether, compared to reality construction by traditional mass media, algorithmic reality construction tends to increase individualization, commercialization, inequalities, and deterritorialization and to decrease transparency, controllability, and predictability.

In the context of globalization and technological progress, the fashion industry is developing rapidly and cross-cultural exchanges are becoming more frequent. This paper explores the existence of the phenomenon of fashion reincarnation and the reasons behind it. Fashion reincarnation refers to a cyclical trend in which clothes and accessories that are popular at one time will be popular again at another time. This paper provides insight into the phenomenon of fashion reincarnation, including various reasons such as historical background, social and cultural factors, and economic factors. The paper also discusses the influence of fashion reincarnation on the fashion business and the function of mass media in the fashion reincarnation. By comparing fashion trends in different periods, the paper analyzes how mass media influences the perceptions and demands of fashion consumers, thus promoting the development of fashion reincarnation. Finally, the paper discusses the significance of fashion reincarnation, as well as the trends and possibilities of future fashion reincarnation. Exploring the phenomenon of fashion reincarnation helps us to better understand the development rules of the fashion industry, provides designers and brands with inspiration for innovation, and at the same time guides consumers to consume and appreciate the aesthetic values of different periods more rationally in the pursuit of fashion.

The phenomenon of national inventivity is considered in the article. It is a complex of ideas and technological inventions that prove historical uniqueness or temporal innovation of Ukrainian nation among other national communities. The national inventivity demonstrates obviously national achievements of a certain nation and it stands out as a powerful generator of national pride and identity. Own typology of the objects of national inventivity and the correlation of each type with its popularity and spread in the mass consciousness are submitted. Because of the symbolic potential, manipulations with this category carries significant risks for use in propaganda, as it has been in the first half of the twentieth century, and is happening now in Russian aggressive autocracy. Certain exaggerations and ambiguous interpretations of the primacy or uniqueness of Ukrainian innovative ideas and inventions still occur not only in the media and social networks, but also in scientific published works. However, in order to claim adequately the entire inventive heritage on the world stage, Ukrainian society have to describe the contribution to the ideological and technological development truthfully and clearly.

From its origins and throughout its history, Western theatre has engaged, represented, and/or attempted to affect the course of history. Phrynichus and Aeschylus wrote plays on the Persian wars when they were still fresh in the memories of their auditors—too fresh in the case of Phrynichus, who was censured by the Athenians. Early in the sixteenth century French sotties commented on Papal politics; late in the same century Elizabethan playwrights began to exploit contemporary crime stories. During the French Revolution hack writers issued dramatic accounts of Marat's death within a month of its occurrence. Astley's had spectacular recreations of Crimean War battles on stage almost before they occurred. In the twentieth century, technological innovation has stimulated this tendency and extended it throughout the mass media in numberless examples of reality-driven representation.

The Walt Disney Company is one of the biggest mass media and entertainment companies around the world. The company includes Disney Parks, Experience and Product; Disney Media& Entertainment Distribution; Studio Content Groups aimed to entertain, inform and inspire people around the globe through the power of unparalleled storytelling. However, the changes in customer desires and the fast-developing competitive market have drawn questions for Disney: to construct a sophisticated business plan for the years coming. Especially with the fast developing globalised economies, appropriate adaptations Disney chooses to make become vital. This essay is going to articulate Disney’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats through the use of the SWOT analysis model and provide an analytical conclusion to how Disney can further develop, focusing specifically on the aspect of globalisation. Couple of factors mentioned in the discussion include brand value, technological innovation, business portfolio, culture of the company and social responsibility. The impact of external factors, such as emerging market in Asia and Covid-19 pandemic, was also elaborated in the essay.

Today we can talk about a sufficient formation of both negative and positive attitudes towards the introduction of new technologies. This is the technophobia that continued to be fueled by such objective factors as job slashing caused byevents and new inventions. Technophobia includes cognitive, emotional and behavioral components. Along with individual factors (self-efficacy, open-mindedness, anxiety level, user’s experience, emotional state, etc.), the formation of technophobia is influenced by interpersonal factors (communication with colleagues, friends and relatives on the subject of technologies), group and ntergroup factors (clash of interests of different relevant groups in connection with the appearance of new technologies, group stereotypes –representations of typical users of the given technology, its developers, etc.), as well as societal factors (mass culture and mass media, the level of technological and economic development of a country, cross-cultural features).In this way, this is an increasingly important phenomenon, since the speed of innovation is very high. Thus, the purpose of this study is to present a theoretical analysis on this subject and to highlight the importance of conducting other research on this subject.

Today we can talk about a sufficient formation of both negative and positive attitudes towards the introduction of new technologies. This is the technophobia that continued to be fueled by such objective factors as job slashing caused by events and new inventions. Technophobia includes cognitive, emotional and behavioral components. Along with individual factors (self-efficacy, open-mindedness, anxiety level, user’s experience, emotional state, etc.), the formation of technophobia is influenced by interpersonal factors (communication with colleagues, friends and relatives on the subject of technologies), group and intergroup factors (clash of interests of different relevant groups in connection with the appearance of new technologies, group stereotypes – representations of typical users of the given technology, its developers, etc.), as well as societal factors (mass culture and mass media, the level of technological and economic development of a country, cross-cultural features). In this way, this is an increasingly important phenomenon, since the speed of innovation is very high. Thus, the purpose of this study is to present a theoretical analysis on this subject and to highlight the importance of conducting other research on this subject.

AbstractSince the beginning of the recent Ebola outbreak, a sense of fear has developed among the public due to the novelty of our exposure to the virus and the ill-equipped nature of our health care systems. Media sensationalism, coupled with improper knowledge of Ebola, may have contributed to mass hysteria. Most support to tackle Ebola has been direct monetary aid. However, others are working on innovative methods to control the epidemic, including the development of rapid detection methods, experimental treatments, and a viable vaccine. Rapid screening and vaccine ideas are promising, but it is unlikely that they will be ready in the coming months. This raises the question of what other tools and technological innovation can be developed to effectively stem the spread of the outbreak. Although we hope the continued outpouring of aid and health care workers to West Africa will greatly reduce the impact of Ebola, communication, screenings, treatment, and vaccine are of central importance to stop this outbreak. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:595–597)

In the modern era, the not at all new maxim that information rules the world is getting a new, this time “digital-platform” confirmation of its truth. With the emergence of global online platforms in the 1990s, the categories of “freedom of speech”, “freedom of mass information" and “freedom of self-expression”, while gradually changing the technological formats of their embodiment and implementation, keep their democratic essence and role in the processes of personal, public and state development unchanged. As humankind enters its next information cycle, roughly covering the first decades of the 21st century, institutional and regulatory potential of the historically “youngest” information and communication freedom — the freedom of web-based (online) information and communication — is gradually taking shape, gaining institutional and regulatory potential. Like its antecedents (freedom of speech, press, radio and television broadcasting), it requires a certain upgrade of its social regulatory mechanisms as it “matures” and enters into the life of global, national and regional societies. It is the context of the implementation of this kind of innovation on the example of a specific country — Australia — that determines the basic subject of this article, its main essential component. Specific and topical manifestations of this essence are analyzed by the authors of this article using examples of legal and other regulatory systems in the Australian media sphere. For example, one of the subjects of analysis is the question of how is Australia coping with the challenge of updating its social regulatory mechanisms in the media sphere. And, as a logical consequence of the former, is there any position in Australia's relevant experience that is worthy of reception in other legal and ethical orders? Focusing on these issues the authors review some of the most interesting decisions taken by the Australian government over the past decade. The authors also analyse the current law and other regulatory mechanisms and instruments in Australia aimed at regulating the mass media public relations in this country as well as the main trends of their development. In particular, such as pioneer (Australia is a recognised pioneer in this sphere of legal regulation!) changes in the regulation of digital media platforms on the example of Google and Facebook (from October 28, 2021 — Meta Platforms, Inc. in Russia, admitted as extremist organization by the Moscow Tverskoi Court), and quite specific modifications of Australian national defamation law.

During the Covid-19 pandemic, social responsibility has become a key subject since it refers to the contribution of non-state actors in resolving the pandemic impact, becoming a non-traditional security issue. One non-state actor playing a significant role in society is educational institutions through university social responsibility (USR) programs. This study aims to analyze the form of USR programs and their benefits for communities affected by the pandemic. This study selected three universities as the case studies, encompassing Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY), Universitas Pertamina and Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB). During the Covid-19 pandemic, these three universities implemented USR in the social field under the triple bottom line concept. This research employed in-depth interviews and secondary data collected through website reviews and clippings from the mass media. The results unveiled that UMY, Universitas Pertamina and IPB implemented USR in community empowerment in education, health, and technological innovation. These three universities established community empowerment schemes by involving students, lecturers and other stakeholders to demonstrate their contribution to dealing with and solving community problems caused by the pandemic. These three universities have always been oriented toward innovation, especially in education, research and community service. Innovation is significant because it helps increase skills, add value to the wider community, and impact sustainable development.

эстетические особенности современного видеоконтента остаются малоизученным, но стремительно развивающимся направлением в медиаисследованиях. Учитывая возрастающую роль визуальных коммуникаций в медиа, трансформацию публичного пространства и разнообразие применяемых в них технологических новаций и эффектов, изучение данных аспектов функционирования средств массовой коммуникации имеет значимый и перспективный характер. В представленной статье раскрывается влияние визуальных элементов на имидж русскоязычных исполнителей видеоклипов в жанре хип-хоп. Особое внимание уделяется роли композиционно-визуальной эстетики в данных процессах. Определяется взаимосвязь и взаимовлияние таких составляющих, как освещение, цветопередача, выбор локации, спецэффектов с процессами восприятия аудиторией. Для полного понимания данной статьи рассматриваются видеоклипы таких современных хип-хоп исполнителей, как Хаски (настоящее имя исполнителя – Дмитрий Николаевич Кузнецов), Паша Техник (настоящее имя исполнителя – Павел Николаеевич Ивлев), Элджей (настоящее имя исполнителя – Алексей Константинович Узенюк), Mnogoznaal (настоящее имя исполнителя – Максим Геннадьевич Лазин). Выбраны следующие видеоклипы представленных хип-хоп исполнителей: «Иуда», «Не надо», «360», а также «Гостиница Космос», визуально не похожие друг на друга. Выявляется, как визуальные медиатехнологии помогают создавать образ исполнителя. the aesthetic features of modern video content remain a little-studied, but rapidly developing area in media research. Given the increasing role of visual communications in the media, the transformation of the public space and the variety of technological innovations and effects used in them, the study of these aspects of the functioning of mass communication media has a significant and promising character. The article reveals the influence of visual elements on the image of Russian-speaking performers of video clips in the hip-hop genre. Special attention is paid to the role of compositional and visual aesthetics in these processes. The interrelation and interaction of such components as lighting, color rendering, location selection, special effects with the processes of perception by the audience is determined. For a complete understanding of this article, video clips of such modern hip-hop artists as Husky (the real name of the performer – Dmitry Nikolaevich Kuznetsov), Pasha Tekhnik (the real name of the performer – Pavel Nikolaevich Ivlev), Eljey (the real name of the performer – Alexey Konstantinovich Uzeyuk), Mnogoznaal (the real name of the performer – Maxim Gennadievich Lazin). The following video clips of the presented hip-hop artists were selected: "Iuda", "Ne nado", "360", as well as "Gostinica Kosmos", visually dissimilar to each other. It reveals how visual media technologies help to create an image of the performer.

The object of this study was the substances that could be used to generate arc plasma. Conventional and promising plasma media were analyzed in order to identify the most universal one in terms of a set of properties for efficient energy transfer of material. It is shown that the mean-enthalpy media have a harmonious ratio of temperature and enthalpy and could provide a change in the energy state of the processed material with maximum efficiency. It is established that the most universal set of properties is demonstrated by the medium enthalpy plasma of the N‒O‒C‒H system. The use of mixtures of air with hydrocarbons for its generation makes it possible to reach the average mass temperature of (5...7)·103 K and change the oxidative-reducing potential of the plasma medium over a wide range. Given this, heat treatment is possible with maximum preservation of the original composition of the material. Experimental studies of plasma flows of the N‒O‒C‒H system confirmed the presence of reducing components capable of binding oxygen to air that is sucked into the jet. On rich mixtures, the oxygen content in the jet at a distance of 100 mm does not exceed 5 %. The positive effect of combined energy input into plasma-forming substance on the process of generation and formation of plasma jet has been proven. The use of energy of different physical nature makes it possible to maintain the local energy parameters of the plasma flow during material processing. This is due to the release of additional heat as a result of the interaction of plasma and plasma components with ambient air. The use of plasma of the N‒O‒C‒H system in surface engineering technologies could expand the range of processed materials and reduce the operating costs of the process

Social innovations are activities aiming at implementation of social objectives, including mainly the improvement of life of individuals and social groups, together with public policy and management objectives. The essay indicates and discusses the most important contemporary problems, solving of which requires social innovations. Social innovations precondition the progress of civilisation. The world needs not only new technologies, but also new solutions of social and institutional nature that would be conducive to achieving social goals. Social innovations are experimental social actions of organisational and institutional nature that aim at improving the quality of life of individuals, communities, nations, companies, circles, or social groups. Their experimental nature stems from the fact of introducing unique and one-time solutions on a large scale, the end results of which are often difficult to be fully predicted. For example, it was difficult to believe that opening new labour markets for foreigners in the countries of the European Union, which can be treated as a social innovation aiming at development of the international labour market, will result in the rapid development of the low-cost airlines, the offer of which will be available to a larger group of recipients. In other words, social innovations differ from economic innovations, as they are not about implementation of new types of production or gaining new markets, but about satisfying new needs, which are not provided by the market. Therefore, the most important distinction consists in that social innovations are concerned with improving the well-being of individuals and communities by additional employment, or increased consumption, as well as participation in solving the problems of individuals and social groups [CSTP, 2011]. In general, social innovations are activities aiming at implementation of social objectives, including mainly the improvement of life of individuals and social groups together with the objectives of public policy and management [Kowalczyk, Sobiecki, 2017]. Their implementation requires global, national, and individual actions. This requires joint operations, both at the scale of the entire globe, as well as in particular interest groups. Why are social innovations a key point for the progress of civilisation? This is the effect of the clear domination of economic aspects and discrimination of social aspects of this progress. Until the 19th century, the economy was a part of a social structure. As described by K. Polanyi, it was submerged in social relations [Polanyi, 2010, p. 56]. In traditional societies, the economic system was in fact derived from the organisation of the society itself. The economy, consisting of small and dispersed craft businesses, was a part of the social, family, and neighbourhood structure. In the 20th century the situation reversed – the economy started to be the force shaping social structures, positions of individual groups, areas of wealth and poverty. The economy and the market mechanism have become independent from the world of politics and society. Today, the corporations control our lives. They decide what we eat, what we watch, what we wear, where we work and what we do [Bakan, 2006, p. 13]. The corporations started this spectacular “march to rule the world” in the late 19th century. After about a hundred years, at the end of the 20th century, the state under the pressure of corporations and globalisation, started a gradual, but systematic withdrawal from the economy, market and many other functions traditionally belonging to it. As a result, at the end of the last century, a corporation has become a dominant institution in the world. A characteristic feature of this condition is that it gives a complete priority to the interests of corporations. They make decisions of often adverse consequences for the entire social groups, regions, or local communities. They lead to social tensions, political breakdowns, and most often to repeated market turbulences. Thus, a substantial minority (corporations) obtain inconceivable benefits at the expense of the vast majority, that is broad professional and social groups. The lack of relative balance between the economy and society is a barrier to the progress of civilisation. A growing global concern is the problem of migration. The present crisis, left unresolved, in the long term will return multiplied. Today, there are about 500 million people living in Europe, 1.5 billion in Africa and the Middle East, but in 2100, the population of Europe will be about 400 million and of the Middle East and Africa approximately 4.5 billion. Solving this problem, mainly through social and political innovations, can take place only by a joint operation of highly developed and developing countries. Is it an easy task? It’s very difficult. Unfortunately, today, the world is going in the opposite direction. Instead of pursuing the community, empathic thinking, it aims towards nationalism and chauvinism. An example might be a part of the inaugural address of President Donald Trump, who said that the right of all nations is to put their own interests first. Of course, the United States of America will think about their own interests. As we go in the opposite direction, those who deal with global issues say – nothing will change, unless there is some great crisis, a major disaster that would cause that the great of this world will come to senses. J.E. Stiglitz [2004], contrary to the current thinking and practice, believes that a different and better world is possible. Globalisation contains the potential of countless benefits from which people both in developing and highly developed countries can benefit. But the practice so far proves that still it is not grown up enough to use its potential in a fair manner. What is needed are new solutions, most of all social and political innovations (political, because they involve a violation of the previous arrangement of interests). Failure to search for breakthrough innovations of social and political nature that would meet the modern challenges, can lead the world to a disaster. Social innovation, and not economic, because the contemporary civilisation problems have their roots in this dimension. A global problem, solution of which requires innovations of social and political nature, is the disruption of the balance between work and capital. In 2010, 400 richest people had assets such as the half of the poorer population of the world. In 2016, such part was in the possession of only 8 people. This shows the dramatic collapse of the balance between work and capital. The world cannot develop creating the technological progress while increasing unjustified inequalities, which inevitably lead to an outbreak of civil disturbances. This outbreak can have various organisation forms. In the days of the Internet and social media, it is easier to communicate with people. Therefore, paradoxically, some modern technologies create the conditions facilitating social protests. There is one more important and dangerous effect of implementing technological innovations without simultaneous creation and implementation of social innovations limiting the sky-rocketing increase of economic (followed by social) diversification. Sooner or later, technological progress will become so widespread that, due to the relatively low prices, it will make it possible for the weapons of mass destruction, especially biological and chemical weapons, to reach small terrorist groups. Then, a total, individualized war of global reach can develop. The individualisation of war will follow, as described by the famous German sociologist Ulrich Beck. To avoid this, it is worth looking at the achievements of the Polish scientist Michał Kalecki, who 75 years ago argued that capitalism alone is not able to develop. It is because it aggressively seeks profit growth, but cannot turn profit into some profitable investments. Therefore, when uncertainty grows, capitalism cannot develop itself, and it must be accompanied by external factors, named by Kalecki – external development factors. These factors include state expenses, finances and, in accordance with the nomenclature of Kalecki – epochal innovations. And what are the current possibilities of activation of the external factors? In short – modest. The countries are indebted, and the basis for the development in the last 20 years were loans, which contributed to the growth of debt of economic entities. What, then, should we do? It is necessary to look for cheaper solutions, but such that are effective, that is breakthrough innovations. These undoubtedly include social and political innovations. Contemporary social innovation is not about investing big money and expensive resources in production, e.g. of a very expensive vaccine, which would be available for a small group of recipients. Today’s social innovation should stimulate the use of lower amounts of resources to produce more products available to larger groups of recipients. The progress of civilisation happens only as a result of a sustainable development in economic, social, and now also ecological terms. Economic (business) innovations, which help accelerate the growth rate of production and services, contribute to economic development. Profits of corporations increase and, at the same time, the economic objectives of the corporations are realised. But are the objectives of the society as a whole and its members individually realised equally, in parallel? In the chain of social reproduction there are four repeated phases: production – distribution – exchange – consumption. The key point from the social point of view is the phase of distribution. But what are the rules of distribution, how much and who gets from this “cake” produced in the social process of production? In the today’s increasingly global economy, the most important mechanism of distribution is the market mechanism. However, in the long run, this mechanism leads to growing income and welfare disparities of various social groups. Although, the income and welfare diversity in itself is nothing wrong, as it is the result of the diversification of effectiveness of factors of production, including work, the growing disparities to a large extent cannot be justified. Economic situation of the society members increasingly depends not on the contribution of work, but on the size of the capital invested, and the market position of the economic entity, and on the “governing power of capital” on the market. It should also be noted that this diversification is also related to speculative activities. Disparities between the implemented economic and social innovations can lead to the collapse of the progress of civilisation. Nowadays, economic crises are often justified by, indeed, social and political considerations, such as marginalisation of nation states, imbalance of power (or imbalance of fear), religious conflicts, nationalism, chauvinism, etc. It is also considered that the first global financial crisis of the 21st century originated from the wrong social policy pursued by the US Government, which led to the creation of a gigantic public debt, which consequently led to an economic breakdown. This resulted in the financial crisis, but also in deepening of the social imbalances and widening of the circles of poverty and social exclusion. It can even be stated that it was a crisis in public confidence. Therefore, the causes of crises are the conflicts between the economic dimension of the development and its social dimension. Contemporary world is filled with various innovations of economic or business nature (including technological, product, marketing, and in part – organisational). The existing solutions can be a source of economic progress, which is a component of the progress of civilisation. However, economic innovations do not complete the entire progress of civilisation moreover, the saturation, and often supersaturation with implementations and economic innovations leads to an excessive use of material factors of production. As a consequence, it results in lowering of the efficiency of their use, unnecessary extra burden to the planet, and passing of the negative effects on the society and future generations (of consumers). On the other hand, it leads to forcing the consumption of durable consumer goods, and gathering them “just in case”, and also to the low degree of their use (e.g. more cars in a household than its members results in the additional load on traffic routes, which results in an increase in the inconvenience of movement of people, thus to the reduction of the quality of life). Introduction of yet another economic innovation will not solve this problem. It can be solved only by social innovations that are in a permanent shortage. A social innovation which fosters solving the issue of excessive accumulation of tangible production goods is a developing phenomenon called sharing economy. It is based on the principle: “the use of a service provided by some welfare does not require being its owner”. This principle allows for an economic use of resources located in households, but which have been “latent” so far. In this way, increasing of the scope of services provided (transport, residential and tourist accommodation) does not require any growth of additional tangible resources of factors of production. So, it contributes to the growth of household incomes, and inhibition of loading the planet with material goods processed by man [see Poniatowska-Jaksch, Sobiecki, 2016]. Another example: we live in times, in which, contrary to the law of T. Malthus, the planet is able to feed all people, that is to guarantee their minimum required nutrients. But still, millions of people die of starvation and malnutrition, but also due to obesity. Can this problem be solved with another economic innovation? Certainly not! Economic innovations will certainly help to partially solve the problem of nutrition, at least by the new methods of storing and preservation of foods, to reduce its waste in the phase of storage and transport. However, a key condition to solve this problem is to create and implement an innovation of a social nature (in many cases also political). We will not be able to speak about the progress of civilisation in a situation, where there are people dying of starvation and malnutrition. A growing global social concern, resulting from implementation of an economic (technological) innovation will be robotisation, and more specifically – the effects arising from its dissemination on a large scale. So far, the issue has been postponed due to globalisation of the labour market, which led to cheapening of the work factor by more than ten times in the countries of Asia or South America. But it ends slowly. Labour becomes more and more expensive, which means that the robots become relatively cheap. The mechanism leading to low prices of the labour factor expires. Wages increase, and this changes the relationship of the prices of capital and labour. Capital becomes relatively cheaper and cheaper, and this leads to reducing of the demand for work, at the same time increasing the demand for capital (in the form of robots). The introduction of robots will be an effect of the phenomenon of substitution of the factors of production. A cheaper factor (in this case capital in the form of robots) will be cheaper than the same activities performed by man. According to W. Szymański [2017], such change is a dysfunction of capitalism. A great challenge, because capitalism is based on the market-driven shaping of income. The market-driven shaping of income means that the income is derived from the sale of the factors of production. Most people have income from employment. Robots change this mechanism. It is estimated that scientific progress allows to create such number of robots that will replace billion people in the world. What will happen to those “superseded”, what will replace the income from human labour? Capitalism will face an institutional challenge, and must replace the market-driven shaping of income with another, new one. The introduction of robots means microeconomic battle with the barrier of demand. To sell more, one needs to cut costs. The costs are lowered by the introduction of robots, but the use of robots reduces the demand for human labour. Lowering the demand for human labour results in the reduction of employment, and lower wages. Lower wages result in the reduction of the demand for goods and services. To increase the demand for goods and services, the companies must lower their costs, so they increase the involvement of robots, etc. A mechanism of the vicious circle appears If such a mass substitution of the factors of production is unfavourable from the point of view of stimulating the development of the economy, then something must be done to improve the adverse price relations for labour. How can the conditions of competition between a robot and a man be made equal, at least partially? Robots should be taxed. Bill Gates, among others, is a supporter of such a solution. However, this is only one of the tools that can be used. The solution of the problem requires a change in the mechanism, so a breakthrough innovation of a social and political nature. We can say that technological and product innovations force the creation of social and political innovations (maybe institutional changes). Product innovations solve some problems (e.g. they contribute to the reduction of production costs), but at the same time, give rise to others. Progress of civilisation for centuries and even millennia was primarily an intellectual progress. It was difficult to discuss economic progress at that time. Then we had to deal with the imbalance between the economic and the social element. The insufficiency of the economic factor (otherwise than it is today) was the reason for the tensions and crises. Estimates of growth indicate that the increase in industrial production from ancient times to the first industrial revolution, that is until about 1700, was 0.1-0.2 per year on average. Only the next centuries brought about systematically increasing pace of economic growth. During 1700- 1820, it was 0.5% on an annual average, and between 1820-1913 – 1.5%, and between 1913-2012 – 3.0% [Piketty, 2015, p. 97]. So, the significant pace of the economic growth is found only at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. Additionally, the growth in this period refers predominantly to Europe and North America. The countries on other continents were either stuck in colonialism, structurally similar to the medieval period, or “lived” on the history of their former glory, as, for example, China and Japan, or to a lesser extent some countries of the Middle East and South America. The growth, having then the signs of the modern growth, that is the growth based on technological progress, was attributed mainly to Europe and the United States. The progress of civilisation requires the creation of new social initiatives. Social innovations are indeed an additional capital to keep the social structure in balance. The social capital is seen as a means and purpose and as a primary source of new values for the members of the society. Social innovations also motivate every citizen to actively participate in this process. It is necessary, because traditional ways of solving social problems, even those known for a long time as unemployment, ageing of the society, or exclusion of considerable social and professional groups from the social and economic development, simply fail. “Old” problems are joined by new ones, such as the increase of social inequalities, climate change, or rapidly growing environmental pollution. New phenomena and problems require new solutions, changes to existing procedures, programmes, and often a completely different approach and instruments [Kowalczyk, Sobiecki, 2017].

In the last few years, a continuous series of food alerts have caught the attention of the media and the public in Europe. First, eggs and pork contaminated with dioxins; then, "mad cow" disease, while, all along in the background, a battle against genetically modified plants has been in progress. These food alerts have had complex repercussions on the perception of risks associated with food production. Experts have often been divided over these issues, and the uncertainty of scientific data has been indicated on more than one occasion as one of the factors that influence risk perception. However, the most important factor seems to be undoubtedly the way in which the risk has been communicated (or not communicated) to the public. Therefore, risk communication analysis offers an excellent opportunity to understand the profound changes that are taking place in relations among the scientific community, mass media and other members of civil society now that they are fully aware that scientific and technological innovation, the real driving force of modern industrial society, is a source of development but also a source of risks which are not always acceptable. Within this different context, a debate open to all interested parties appears to have become a dire necessity for the "risk society", especially as far as food is concerned because food has extremely important psychological, ethical and cultural values.

Konsep digital marketing merupakan suatu proses pemasaran yang menerapkan inovasi teknologi untuk meningkatkan jangkauan pasar. Digital marketing dapat menjadi peluang yang sangat besar untuk diaplikasikan pada proses pemasaran pariwisata di masa pandemi seperti saat ini. Content marketing adalah salah satu faktor penting yang akan berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan dalam penerapan digital marketing. Hal tersebut dapat diperhatikan pada akun instagram @her_journeys dalam upaya memanfaatkan digital marketing dengan membuat content marketing yang menarik untuk meningkatkan minat wisatawan untuk berkunjung ke Pulau Bali. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis pengaruh content marketing pada media sosial instagram @her_journeys terhadap minat kunjung followers ke Pulau Bali. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis data analisis statistik deskriptif dan uji regresi linier sederhana. Dalam pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini peneliti menyebarkan kuisioner kepada 100 responden yang merupakan followers istagram @her_journeys. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa content marketing berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap minat kunjung followers ke Pulau Bali dengan kontribusi sebesar 74,1% dan sisanya sebesar 25,9% dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain diluar penelitian ini. The concept of digital marketing is a marketing process that applies technological innovations to increase market reach. Digital marketing can be a huge opportunity to be applied to the tourism marketing process during the current pandemic. Content marketing is one of the important factors that will affect the success in implementing digital marketing. This can be seen on the Instagram account @her_journeys in an effort to take advantage of digital marketing by creating interesting marketing content to increase tourist interest in visiting the island of Bali. This study was conducted to identify and analyse the effect of content marketing on Instagram social media @her_journeys on followers' interest in visiting the island of Bali. The method used in this study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with data analysis techniques, descriptive statistical analysis and simple linear regression test. In collecting data in this study, researchers distributed questionnaires to 100 respondents who were followers of @her_journeys instagram. The results in this study indicate that content marketing has a positive and significant effect on followers' interest in visiting the island of Bali with a contribution of 74.1% and the remaining 25.9% is influenced by other factors outside of this study.

PurposeAs social media have become very popular and an integral part of the world economy in recent years, identifying factors that influence consumers’ attitudes toward social media sites has become a major goal of many researchers in academia and industry. This paper aims to identify factors that predict consumers’ attitudes and intentions toward usage of Instagram, a relatively new social media tool. In addition, it examines the role of an important dimension of culture – individualism vs collectivism –to determine cultural influences on the adoption of social media in the USA (i.e. an individualistic culture) and Kuwait (i.e. a collectivist culture).Design/methodology/approachData were collected from a convenience sample of undergraduate business and MBA students from Kuwait and the USA. To validate the measures for the constructs depicted in the conceptual model, the authors conducted an exploratory factor analysis using all items. They then conducted a confirmatory factor analysis to further evaluate the adequacy and validity of the measurement model. They also tested the hypotheses using structural equation modeling (SEM).FindingsOut of the nine hypotheses that were tested for significance, the SEM results indicated that seven hypotheses were significant. The results indicated a non-significant result between perceived critical mass is not a predictor of perceived usefulness and social influence to attitude.Research limitations/implicationsThe current study has some limitations that need to be recognized and can be used as guidelines for future research. First, college students represent only a portion of online users and may impact the external validity of our study. Hence, a more diverse sample with a broader range of ages, incomes, education levels, cultures and national origins would be advisable. Second, this study featured a dynamically continuous innovation (Instagram) rather than a discontinuous innovation. Third, other factors can be carried out to see other variables other than those described in this study to predict consumer’s attitude and intention to use the social media.Practical implicationsCultural characteristics such as individualism/collectivism would seem to be potentially useful when segmenting countries. The results of the current study indicate that the modified model is applicable to a cross-national group of social media users. This study demonstrates the impact of cultural characteristics on various technology adoption. Hence, managers must be aware that countries can be grouped according to the type of cultural effect within each. Each social media category, clusters can be formed consisting of countries that are expected to have similar usage patterns based on technological capability and social norms. By understanding the factors that influence each cluster of countries, firms can design customized social media programs.Social implicationsThis research provides valuable information to better understand the consumers’ attitudes and intentions toward the emerging social media landscape. Indeed, the popularity of social media has greatly changed the way in which people communicate in today’s world. In particular, Instagram has gradually become a major communication media for both social and business purposes. This research shed light into the factors that influence intentions to adopt social media across different cultures. It empirically examines the role of culture – individualism vs collectivism – by using two samples (i.e. Kuwait and the USA) to determine cultural influences on the adoption of social media in different cultures.Originality/valueUsing data drawn from Kuwait and US samples, this current study draws upon the theory of reasoned action (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975) and the technology acceptance model (Davis, 1989). The results of the analysis indicate that the modified model is applicable to a cross-national group of social media users. Moreover, this study demonstrates the impact of cultural characteristics on various technology adoption constructs in the model.

Cotton mass is considered as a compressible porous two-component medium, consisting of a mixture of cotton fibres and air included in the porous medium, which is essential in dynamic treatment processes and requires consideration when planning technological modes. It was found that the speed of sound in multicomponent media significantly decreases with an increase in the content of the gaseous component. With a certain content of components, it can become less than in each of the components separately. This is due to the fact that with an increase in the content of the gaseous component, the density of the medium increases insignificantly, and the compressibility of air sharply decreases in the pores. As a result of the research, it was found that the value of the dynamic change in the density of cotton raw materials can significantly exceed its density during static compression. This kind of influence can have both adverse and desirable effects on the primary stage of cotton processing. The dynamic characteristics of raw cotton as an object of mechanical technology were studied. The values of the speed of sound as a function of the density of cotton raw materials were determined on the basis of the theory of a two-component porous medium. The types of the dynamic compression curve of raw cotton have been established. Experimental studies on the compressibility of raw cotton are generalized. From the analysis of the cleaning processing of fibres and seeds on cleaning machines, it follows that when assigning a technological processing mode, it is necessary to comply it with the value of the sound speed for a given density of raw materials. It is necessary to avoid such rates of penetration of the working bodies into raw materials that are commensurate with the speed of sound at a given raw material density. This local dramatic increase in cotton media characteristics is a significant cause of fibre damage

Development of technology and information in the modern era that is now sophisticated, the dissemination and receipt of information is now very easy for everyone to do. Technological advances have also led to trends in the use of information technology in various aspects and the media globally. One aspect of the use of this technology can be used in the field of tourism which is commonly referred to as smart tourism where in general smart tourism aims to develop infrastructure and information and communication capabilities in order to improve management/governance, facilitate service/product innovation, and improve the tourist experience.Bali Province is one of the most prominent provinces in Indonesia in the field of tourism where many tourists vacation in Bali. However, in the field of transportation, Bali does not yet have mass transportation that is connected throughout Bali. Because the problems that are not only in Bali, there is the use of technology with the existence of startups in the field of online transportation. This online transportation provider provides various services such as delivery, purchasing food, paying for tickets and others. The existence of online transportation is an alternative for tourists for their mobility, to evaluate the satisfaction of using this transportation, the Fuzzy Servqual method is used. Fuzzy Servqual measures per dimension attribute of service quality so that the accuracy of the data per dimension can be known.

Education is very important in preparing people to be able to maintain and improve the quality of life as individuals with dignity. The severity of the challenges faced in all fields can be seen from various kinds of reports such as student learning outcomes, the inability of the community to keep their children successful in educational institutions up to the age of compulsory education. The evaluation system, education management and what is most often highlighted by the mass media today is the problem of the concept of Freedom to Learn and Freedom to Teach in Science Learning through ChatGPT. The purpose of this study is to examine Freedom to Learn and Freedom to Teach in Science Learning. A review is conducted on the state-of-the-art methods using the preferred reporting items for reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The results of this study can be seen from the aspects of affective learning and teaching models, learning methods, and self-learning methods sharing for information can facilitate the learning process in the independent curriculum, using the help of ChatGPT technology which functions to provide easiness in the process of achieving education. As part of modern technological innovation, ChatGPT has an impact on the world of education. Schools, teachers, and students can benefit from this artificial intelligence technology. ChatGPT can be a useful learning partner in implementing the Independent Curriculum.

Although it has been nearly four decades since Raymond Williams’ book Television: technology and cultural form (Williams, 2003/1975) was first published, I find it helpful to return to this seminal work with a view of reflecting on the future of public media in Canada. Television is often remembered for Williams’ critique of technological determinism in Marshall McLuhan’s theory of media. But the book should also be remembered for a number of other significant contributions, including the prescient chapter titled “Alternative technology, alternative uses?” in which Williams examined some of the innovations in broadcasting technologies being developed at the time. For Williams, these innovations represented at once a risk and an opportunity. The risk was that people in the United States and the United Kingdom who were in a position to shape the implementation of these innovations would remain complacent, allowing their deployment to be ‘sorted out as we go’ (Williams, 2003/1975, p. 140). The opportunity was that changes to broadcasting infrastructure could afford people the chance to address structural inequities and imagine alternative uses. Williams believed that the early stages in implementing new technological innovations represented an opportune moment for putting in place alternative organizational and policy arrangements for television broadcasting.