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1
Akor, Linus Yusuf. "Trafficking of women in Nigeria: causes, consequences and the way forward." Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 2, no. 2 (December 12, 2011): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/cjssp.2011.02.05.
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The phenomenon of the trafficking of women, especially of young girls and women into exploitative sexual and commercial labor, has recently begun to attract local, national and international attention from world leaders, academics, the mass media, advocacy groups, the clergy and humanity in general. This is against the back drop of the fact that the trafficking of women has a number of far-reaching socio-economic, health and political consequences. Several factors, among them poverty, unemployment, ignorance and family size have been implicated as being reasons why women fall easy preys to the antics of traffickers. From available statistics, we can say that about 500,000 women are brought into the United States of America and Europe yearly for sexual and domestic servitude. Of the over 70,000 African victims of women trafficking, Nigerian women account for 70 percent of those trafficked to Italy alone. Fighting the menace requires a coordinated and concerted push from all stakeholders. This paper presents the causes and consequences of the trafficking of women from Nigeria to America and Europe. Empirical evidence indicates that the activities of traffickers, corrupt embassy officials, the country’s porous borders, poverty, refusal of victims to expose traffickers, delay in prosecuting apprehended culprits and biting youth unemployment have “conspired” to undermine the battle against the illicit trade. The paper makes far-reaching recommendations about how to mitigate the identified obstacles.
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Zitmane, Marita. "Evils of the Istanbul Convention. Discourse analysis of Latvian press publications (2016) = Los efectos negativos del Convenio de Estambul. Análisis del discurso de publicaciones de prensa letonas (2016)." FEMERIS: Revista Multidisciplinar de Estudios de Género 3, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/femeris.2018.4077.
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Abstract. The Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence caused heated discussion both in society and media in Latvia. The controversy was caused because Convention is based on the understanding that violence against women is a form of gender-based violence that is committed against women because they are women. The discussion showed that there are various interpretations and misinterpretations of gender as a concept. As well as hostility towards gender equality interpreted as a propaganda against so called traditional family values. The mass media play an important role in shaping of public thought.The mass media today are the main source of information – a source which not only offers reportage about important events, but also determines the public agenda. By offering commentary on various subjects, the media construct public attitudes towards those subjects. The aim of this article is to examine how the Istanbul Convention was represented in Latvian daily newspapers, what discourses were dominating in media; what information regarding the Convention, gender and gender equality were communicated.Keywords: gender, discourse, fear, Istanbul Convention, right-wing.Resumen. El Convenio del Consejo de Europa sobre prevención y lucha contra la violencia contra las mujeres y la violencia doméstica ha generado un acalorado debate tanto en la sociedad como en los medios de comunicación de Letonia. La controversia surgió porque el Convenio parte de la premisa de que la violencia que se ejerce contra la mujer es una forma de violencia de género que se ejerce contra las mujeres por el hecho de ser mujeres. El debate puso de manifiesto que existen diversas interpretaciones, erróneas algunas de ellas, del concepto de género, así como hostilidad hacia la igualdad de género interpretada como propaganda contra los llamados valores familiares tradicionales.Los medios de comunicación desempeñan un cometido importante en la formación del pensamiento público. Hoy son la fuente principal de información; una fuente que no solo informa de acontecimientos importantes, sino que también configura la agenda pública. Al comentar diversos temas, los medios construyen actitudes públicas hacia esos temas. El objetivo de este artículo es examinar cómo se representó el Convenio de Estambul en los periódicos letones, cuáles fueron los discursos dominantes en los medios de comunicación, y qué información se comunicó con respecto al Convenio, el género y la igualdad de género.Palabras clave: género, discurso, miedo, Convenio de Estambul, ultraderecha.
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FIDELIS, MALGORZATA. "Pleasures and Perils of Socialist Modernity: New Scholarship on Post-War Eastern Europe." Contemporary European History 26, no. 3 (October 19, 2016): 533–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096077731600031x.
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What role did consumption, the mass media and popular culture play in post-war Eastern Europe? Did they help ‘normalise’ state socialism or rather inspire outlooks and desires incongruent with communist regimes’ goals? These questions are central to recent scholarship which has departed from conventional Cold War studies centred on narrowly-conceived political elites and modes of Soviet domination. Instead, using the lens of social and cultural history, scholars have turned to exploring Eastern European societies as independent subjects in their own right. Looking at workers, middle classes, women, tourists, hippies, shoppers, television audiences and other groups, this new body of work has questioned the impenetrability of the Iron Curtain and has highlighted Eastern European participation in broader European and global trends. Instead of enumerating failures of the socialist system from ‘economics of shortage’ to the depressing ‘greyness’ of apartment blocks, scholars now explore ‘pleasures in socialism’, including leisure, fashion and consumer culture. In place of preponderant societal resistance against the controlling state, they expose complex ways of appropriation, accommodation and identification with elements of state socialism by individuals and groups.
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Libera, Marta Della. "Sex with the Other: Anxieties and Representations of Gender in Europe during the Refugee Crisis." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 3, no. 6 (January 28, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v3i6.59.
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In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks witnessed in Paris in November 2015, a radicalisation of the tensions in the matter of asylum seekers and integration has re-emerged. This same anxiety has risen with renewed force just a few weeks later, when newspapers reported that an unspecified number of men of Middle Eastern and North African appearance sexually assaulted a thousand women during the New Year’s Eve festivity in Cologne, in what has been eventually described as a mass sex attack. This case has unfolded a new aspect of this particular tension. A general mood of hysteria with reference to a homogeneous and unified Islamic culture, considered incapable of respecting women, has suddenly risen again. Just like Muslim women have suffered for centuries from the male domination in their countries, it has been said, now it was the freedom of the European ones to appear at stake. In this context, the female body has been used as a battleground for claims of modernity, civilisation and power over the Middle Eastern menace in a variety of ways. The present essay provides an account of the use of gender stereotypes and dynamics in the context of recent migration to Europe. It shows how women’s bodies are placed in post-colonial political and racial discourses, considering the media as pivotal actors in the construction of a vicious cycle in which the discourse on the female honour gives legitimacy to a growing closure in the dialogue about and with the other.
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Lev-Aladgem, Shulamith. "From Object to Subject: Israeli Theatres of the Battered Women." New Theatre Quarterly 19, no. 2 (May 2003): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x03000058.
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Israeli institutional theatre has only just begun to toy with the idea of ‘feminist theatre’ and, despite a demonstrable increase in violence against women in Israel, with increased visibility in the mass media, the subject has yet to be confronted in mainstream theatres. However, women's creation has been longer at the frontier of theatre activities, and the issue of battered women has been a central theme of several community-based performances over the past two decades. In this article Shulamith Lev-Aladgem offers an overview of these plays – the first performed by professional actresses who had just graduated from university, and who were mostly Ashkenaziyot (of European origin); the two following produced by community amateur actresses who were Mizrahi (of Arabic origin) – women from a low social stratum who, although being acquainted with domestic violence, had wished to avoid being regarded as battered women; and the last performed by a group of amateur actresses who came from more heterogeneous backgrounds, but who were all being treated in one of the centres for prevention and treatment of domestic violence. The author argues that in the first performance the battered woman was articulated by another, distant woman; in the next two she was presented by a more closely, identifying relative; while only in the fourth production did she publicly represent herself by herself, articulating her own voice through the symbolic system of theatre. The author proceeds to analyze in detail the first and the last of these performances, which clearly present the process of passage from acting woman-as-object to acting woman-as-subject. Shulamith Lev-Aladgem is a lecturer, researcher and practitioner in the Community Educational Unit of the Theatre Department at Tel-Aviv University in Israel, who trained and worked as an actress and community theatre animator/director for many years. Her writings in areas of play theory, and performance and cultural studies, and their relation to community theatre, educational drama, drama therapy, and feminist theatre, have been published in numerous periodicals in the USA, Europe, and Israel, and her article ‘Ethnicity, Class, and Gender’ is forthcoming in Theatre Research International.
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CAUGHEY, DEVIN, TOM O’GRADY, and CHRISTOPHER WARSHAW. "Policy Ideology in European Mass Publics, 1981–2016." American Political Science Review 113, no. 3 (April 10, 2019): 674–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055419000157.
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Using new scaling methods and a comprehensive public opinion dataset, we develop the first survey-based time-series–cross-sectional measures of policy ideology in European mass publics. Our dataset covers 27 countries and 36 years and contains nearly 2.7 million survey responses to 109 unique issue questions. Estimating an ordinal group-level IRT model in each of four issue domains, we obtain biennial estimates of the absolute economic conservatism, relative economic conservatism, social conservatism, and immigration conservatism of men and women in three age categories in each country. Aggregating the group-level estimates yields estimates of the average conservatism in national publics in each biennium between 1981–82 and 2015–16. The four measures exhibit contrasting cross-sectional cleavages and distinct temporal dynamics, illustrating the multidimensionality of mass ideology in Europe. Subjecting our measures to a series of validation tests, we show that the constructs they measure are distinct and substantively important and that they perform as well as or better than one-dimensional proxies for mass conservatism (left–right self-placement and median voter scores). We foresee many uses for these scores by scholars of public opinion, electoral behavior, representation, and policy feedback.
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Herrero-Jiménez, Beatriz, and Adolfo Carratalá. "The proceedings of Spanish Audiovisual Councils on discriminatory discourse." Communication & Society 34, no. 4 (October 4, 2021): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/003.34.4.99-115.
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Mass media, and especially television, are powerful discursive instruments, responsible for the construction of social imagery through ideologically determined content. For this reason, the creation of a regulatory body with authority over the audiovisual sector in countries without one was urged by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe in 2000. Spain is the only EU country without an audiovisual council with authority at the state level. Currently, only the Audiovisual Council of Catalonia (CAC), created in 2000, and the Audiovisual Council of Andalusia (CAA), which dates from 2004, operate in Spain. Within an environment increasingly marked by hate speech, this research analyzes the proceedings of the Andalusian and Catalan Audiovisual Councils between 2004 and 2019 as it pertains to discrimination against vulnerable groups. Every pronouncement made by both councils on potentially discriminatory discourses was retrieved (n=156). These were content analyzed by codifying, among others, the following variables: type of action, the source that motivated it, the disseminating media outlet, the evaluated content, the type of discrimination alleged, the decision taken, and the type of sanction imposed by the councils, as the case may be. The results indicate that most of the actions concerned involve discrimination against women, originate from third-party complaints and target content broadcast on public television.
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Stockley, Lynn, and Vivien Lund. "Use of folic acid supplements, particularly by low-income and young women: a series of systematic reviews to inform public health policy in the UK." Public Health Nutrition 11, no. 8 (August 2008): 807–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980008002346.
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AbstractObjectiveTo provide a basis for making recommendations on the potential to improve use of folic acid supplements in the UK, particularly among low-income and young women.DesignSystematic reviews of relevant research from 1989 to May 2006 in Europe, the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.ResultsTwenty-six systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses were identified from the wider public health literature, and eighteen studies on the effectiveness of preconception interventions were included. Ninety studies were identified which were directly relevant to folic acid supplement intake. There were factors that are particularly associated with lower rates of use of folic acid supplements. One of the most important of these is the link with unintended pregnancy, followed by age, socio-economic and ethnic group. Integrated campaigns can increase the use of folic acid supplements to some extent. Research trials indicated that: (i) printed resources and the mass media used in isolation are not effective in the longer term; and (ii) health-care-based initiatives can be effective and are more likely to be successful if they include making supplements easily available.ConclusionsCampaigns and interventions have the potential to exacerbate socio-economic inequalities in folic acid use. One way of addressing this is to include elements that specifically target vulnerable women. To achieve and maintain an effect, they need to be based on good health promotion practice and to be sustained over a long period. However, even high-quality campaigns that increase use result in under half of women in the target group taking supplements.
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Harris, Colette. "The functioning of gender, with special reference to the global south." International Conference on Gender Research 5, no. 1 (April 13, 2022): pp97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/icgr.5.1.98.
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This paper proposes theorising gender through complementary sets of behavioural prescriptions or norms rather than by a focus on women (and men). It posits the idea that gender is integral to a disciplinary regime aimed at producing social order, with masculinity at its centre. What appear as advantages to men simultaneously pressure them into conforming to their cultural and socio-economic group’s notions of masculinity including exerting control over wives and offspring. Four complementary foundational norms for both sexes are identified. They evolved during the nineteenth-century in industrialised Europe and were spread to the global south first through Christianisation and colonialism and later through gender and development programmes and mass/social media. These norms are first economic support for sustaining material life versus social reproduction and caring; secondly, male disciplining of (submissive) wives and children; thirdly heterosexuality, marriage and the biological production of children; and fourthly men’s protection of vulnerable women and their ascriptive (ethnic/religious) group for the context, as also the state. These do not determine behaviour but oblige everyone to consider them in negotiating their own conduct, with the most insecure interpreting them most narrowly. The ideology of masculinism supports the regime at the macro level, while also influencing individual behaviour at grassroots. Drawing on cases from my work in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa, I show how this functions in practice in relation to how men treat each other and how it impinges on familial gender relations, with particular emphasis on Sub-Saharan Africa, and especially Kaduna, Nigeria. I also discuss how supporting men to delink their behaviour from the norms of masculinity (thus defying masculinism) can make a positive contribution to family life and I posit the importance of further research on the effects of the norms for both sexes to improve our understanding of the functioning of gender.
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Meden, N. K. "On Some Tendencies in Defense Policy of Germany." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 2(41) (April 28, 2015): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-2-41-143-151.
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The paper discusses the newest trends in the German defense policy, caused by the aggravation of European geopolitical situation. The author analyzes various sources, among them official reports presented to the Ministry of Defense and the Bundestag; speeches by the Minister of Defense and by supreme commanders of the Bundeswehr; published in mass media information on condition and problems of the military forces, as well as modernization of the equipment. Officially it is deemed, that the reform of the Bundeswehr which started in 2011, so far has turned into an amorphous process of renewal (Neuausrichtung), intended to improve the military organization. Since the acting Cabinet was farmed, Ursula von der Leyen - the first woman Minister of Defense of Germany - directs these activities, and her style of work affects all the work in the Ministry. Meanwhile, the revision of the main parameters of the defensive activity and the whole German politics is caused not by a fresh leadership, but by the most sharp after the end of the "cold war" geopolitical crisis in Europe. The author comes to conclusion, that a turning point in the Defensive Policy of Germany is taking shape, so that all the aspects of military organization are now affected: command stuff training, military equipment, strengthening of ties with allies. Anti-Russian propaganda in mass-media reanimates an image of an enemy and prepares public opinion to the future growth of military expenses; it even overcomes certain pacifism, so usual in modern society. Here in Russia, one must take all this into account, as an idea of the low fighting capacity of the Bundeswehr, which was formed in the last years, is getting obsolete, and could became a dangerous illusion.
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Boria, Felix, Luis Chiva, Vanna Zanagnolo, Denis Querleu, Nerea Martin-Calvo, Mihai Emil Căpîlna, Anna Fagotti, et al. "Radical hysterectomy in early cervical cancer in Europe: characteristics, outcomes and evaluation of ESGO quality indicators." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 31, no. 9 (July 28, 2021): 1212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2021-002587.
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IntroductionComprehensive updated information on cervical cancer surgical treatment in Europe is scarce.ObjectiveTo evaluate baseline characteristics of women with early cervical cancer and to analyze the outcomes of the ESGO quality indicators after radical hysterectomy in the SUCCOR database.MethodsThe SUCCOR database consisted of 1272 patients who underwent radical hysterectomy for stage IB1 cervical cancer (FIGO 2009) between January 2013 and December 2014. After exclusion criteria, the final sample included 1156 patients. This study first described the clinical, surgical, pathological, and follow-up variables of this population and then analyzed the outcomes (disease-free survival and overall survival) after radical hysterectomy. Surgical-related ESGO quality indicators were assessed and the accomplishment of the stated recommendations was verified.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 47.1 years (SD 10.8), with a mean body mass index of 25.4 kg/m2 (SD 4.9). A total of 423 (36.6%) patients had a previous cone biopsy. Tumor size (clinical examination) <2 cm was observed in 667 (57.7%) patients. The most frequent histology type was squamous carcinoma (794 (68.7%) patients), and positive lymph nodes were found in 143 (12.4%) patients. A total of 633 (54.8%) patients were operated by open abdominal surgery. Intra-operative complications occurred in 108 (9.3%) patients, and post-operative complications during the first month occurred in 249 (21.5%) patients, with bladder dysfunction as the most frequent event (119 (10.3%) patients). Clavien-Dindo grade III or higher complication occurred in 56 (4.8%) patients. A total of 510 (44.1%) patients received adjuvant therapy. After a median follow-up of 58 months (range 0–84), the 5-year disease-free survival was 88.3%, and the overall survival was 94.9%. In our population, 10 of the 11 surgical-related quality indicators currently recommended by ESGO were fully fulfilled 5 years before its implementation.ConclusionsIn this European cohort, the rate of adjuvant therapy after radical hysterectomy is higher than for most similar patients reported in the literature. The majority of centers were already following the European recommendations even 5 years prior to the ESGO quality indicator implementations.
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Varlas, Valentin Nicolae, Georgiana Bostan, Bogdana Adriana Nasui, Nicolae Bacalbasa, and Anca Lucia Pop. "Is Misoprostol Vaginal Insert Safe for the Induction of Labor in High-Risk Pregnancy Obese Women?" Healthcare 9, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9040464.
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Induction of labor (IOL) is an event that occurs in up to 25% of pregnancies. In Europe, the misoprostol vaginal insert (MVI—Misodel®) was approved for labor induction in 2013. Studies on the outcomes and safety of IOL in obese pregnant women are scarce; no data are available on MVI IOL in high-risk pregnancy obese women (HRPO—late-term, hypertension, diabetes). As the obesity rates are growing steadily in pregnant women, we aimed to evaluate the failure rate for induction and the safety of a 200 μg MVI in obese (body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2) HRPO compared to that for obese non-high-risk pregnancies (non-HRPO). For this purpose, we conducted a cross-sectional study in “Filantropia” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, from June 2017—the date of the initiation of the MVI IOL protocol in our clinic—to September 2019. The primary outcomes were the failure rate, measured by cesarean section (CS) ratio, and secondarily, the safety profile of MVI, analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Out of a total of 11,096 registered live births, IOL was performed on 206 obese patients. Of these, 74 obese pregnant women had their labor induced with MVI (HRPO, n = 57, and non-HRPO, n = 17). The average maternal age was 29.9 ± 4.8 years (19–44 years). Across the groups, the rate of CS was 29.8% (n = 17) in the HRPO group compared to 23.5% (n = 4) in the non-HRPO group (p = non significant). In the vaginally birth subgroups, the median time from drug administration to delivery was shorter in the HRPO group compared to the non-HRPO group (16.9 ± 6.0 h 95% confidence interval (CI) 15.0–18.8 vs. 19.4 ± 9.2 h 95% CI 13.8–25.0, p = 0.03). No significant differences were found regarding the maternal outcomes among the studied groups; in terms of perinatal outcomes of safety, 5.4% (n = 4) of the cases of vaginal delivery for HRPO were associated with neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions. The MVI seems to be an efficient labor induction agent in high-risk pregnancy obese women with good maternal outcomes and low perinatologic complications.
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De With, Ruben R., Ömer Erküner, Michiel Rienstra, Bao-Oanh Nguyen, Frank W. J. Körver, Dominik Linz, Hugo Cate Ten, et al. "Temporal patterns and short-term progression of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: data from RACE V." EP Europace 22, no. 8 (July 8, 2020): 1162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euaa123.
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Abstract Aims Atrial fibrillation (AF) often starts as a paroxysmal self-terminating arrhythmia. Limited information is available on AF patterns and episode duration of paroxysmal AF. In paroxysmal AF patients, we longitudinally studied the temporal AF patterns, the association with clinical characteristics, and prevalence of AF progression. Methods and results In this interim analysis of the Reappraisal of AF: Interaction Between HyperCoagulability, Electrical Remodelling, and Vascular Destabilisation in the Progression of AF (RACE V) registry, 202 patients with paroxysmal AF were followed with continuous rhythm monitoring (implantable loop recorder or pacemaker) for 6 months. Mean age was 64 ± 9 years, 42% were women. Atrial fibrillation history was 2.1 (0.5–4.4) years, CHA2DS2-VASc 1.9 ± 1.3, 101 (50%) had hypertension, 69 (34%) heart failure. One-third had no AF during follow-up. Patients with long episodes (>12 hours) were often men with more comorbidities (heart failure, coronary artery disease, higher left ventricular mass). Patients with higher AF burden (>2.5%) were older with more comorbidities (worse renal function, higher calcium score, thicker intima media thickness). In 179 (89%) patients, 1-year rhythm follow-up was available. On a quarterly basis, average daily AF burden increased from 3.2% to 3.8%, 5.2%, and 6.1%. Compared to the first 6 months, 111 (62%) patients remained stable during the second 6 months, 39 (22%) showed progression to longer AF episodes, 8 (3%) developed persistent AF, and 29 (16%) patients showed AF regression. Conclusions In paroxysmal AF, temporal patterns differ suggesting that paroxysmal AF is not one entity. Atrial fibrillation burden is low and determined by number of comorbidities. Atrial fibrillation progression occurred in a substantial number. Trial registration number Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02726698.
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Yong-Sang, Park. "Women in the Mass Media." Media Asia 14, no. 4 (January 1987): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01296612.1987.11726266.
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Nissen, Steven E., Kathy Wolski, Leslie Cho, Stephen J. Nicholls, John Kastelein, Eran Leitersdorf, Ulf Landmesser, et al. "Lipoprotein(a) levels in a global population with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease." Open Heart 9, no. 2 (October 2022): e002060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2022-002060.
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ObjectiveLipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is an important genetically determined risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASCVD). With the development of Lp(a)-lowering therapies, this study sought to characterise patterns of Lp(a) levels in a global ASCVD population and identify racial, ethnic, regional and gender differences.MethodsA multicentre cross-sectional epidemiological study to estimate the prevalence of elevated Lp(a) in patients with a history of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke or peripheral artery disease conducted at 949 sites in 48 countries in North America, Europe, Asia, South America, South Africa and Australia between April 2019 and July 2021. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and Lp(a) levels were measured either as mass (mg/dL) or molar concentration (nmol/L).ResultsOf 48 135 enrolled patients, 13.9% had prior measurements of Lp(a). Mean age was 62.6 (SD 10.1) years and 25.9% were female. Median Lp(a) was 18.0 mg/dL (IQR 7.9–57.1) or 42.0 nmol/L (IQR 15.0–155.4). Median LDL-C was 77 mg/dL (IQR 58.4–101.0). Lp(a) in women was higher, 22.8 (IQR 9.0–73.0) mg/dL, than in men, 17.0 (IQR 7.1–52.2) mg/dL, p<0.001. Black patients had Lp(a) levels approximately threefold higher than white, Hispanic or Asian patients. Younger patients also had higher levels. 27.9% of patients had Lp(a) levels >50 mg/dL, 20.7% had levels >70 mg/dL, 12.9% were >90 mg/dL and 26.0% of patients exceeded 150 nmol/L.ConclusionsGlobally, Lp(a) is measured in a small minority of patients with ASCVD and is highest in black, younger and female patients. More than 25% of patients had levels exceeding the established threshold for increased cardiovascular risk, approximately 50 mg/dL or 125 nmol/L.Trial registration number
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Howell, Jessica, Amit Samani, Binish Mannan, Saur Hajiev, Leila Motedayen Aval, Rebecca Abdelmalak, Vincent C. Tam, et al. "Impact of NAFLD on clinical outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib: an international cohort study." Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 15 (January 2022): 175628482211001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17562848221100106.
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Background: The impact of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on overall survival (OS), treatment response and toxicity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with sorafenib is unknown. We examined the impact of NAFLD on survival and toxicity in an international cohort of patients receiving sorafenib. Methods: Clinical and demographic data were collected from patients consecutively treated at specialist centres in Europe and North America. The impact of NAFLD on OS, sorafenib-specific survival and toxicity compared with other aetiologies of liver disease using multivariable Cox-proportional hazards and logistic regression modelling was assessed. Results: A total of 5201 patients received sorafenib; 183 (3.6%) had NAFLD-associated HCC. NAFLD-associated HCC patients were more likely to be older women (median age 65.8 versus 63.0 years, p < 0.01 and 10.4% versus 2.3%, < 0.01), with a median body mass index (BMI) of 29.4. After controlling for known prognostic factors, no difference in OS in patients with or without NAFLD was observed [hazard ratio (HR): 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84–1.18, p = 0.98]. NAFLD-associated patients had more advanced stage HCC when they commenced sorafenib [Barcelona Clinic Liver Class (BCLC) C/D 70.9% versus 58.9%, p < 0.01] and were more likely to be commenced on a lower starting dose of sorafenib (51.4 versus 36.4%, p < 0.01). There was no difference in sorafenib-specific survival between NAFLD and other aetiologies (HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.79–1.17, p = 0.96). Adverse events were similar between NAFLD and non-NAFLD HCC groups, including rates of greater than grade 2 hypertension (6.3% versus 5.8%, p = 1.00). Conclusion: Survival in HCC does not appear to be influenced by the presence of NAFLD. NAFLD-associated HCC derive similar clinical benefit from sorafenib compared with other aetiologies.
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Santos, Cynthia, Tharwat El Zahran, Jessica Weiland, Mehruba Anwar, and Joshua Schier. "Characterizing Chemical Terrorism Incidents Collected by the Global Terrorism Database, 1970-2015." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, no. 04 (July 8, 2019): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19004539.
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AbstractBackground:The Global Terrorism Database (GTD) is an open-source database on terrorist incidents around the world since 1970, and it is maintained by the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START; College Park, Maryland USA), a US Department of Homeland Security Center of Excellence. The consortium reviews media reports to determine if an event meets eligibility to be categorized as a terrorism incident for entry into the database.Objective:The objective of this study was to characterize chemical terrorism incidents reported to the GTD and understand more about the kinds of chemical agents used, the associated morbidity and mortality, the geography of incidents, and the intended targets.Methods:Chemical terrorism incidents from 1970 through 2015 were analyzed by chemical agent category, injury and fatality, geographic region, and target.Results:During the study period, 156,772 terrorism incidents were reported to the GTD, of which 292 (0.19%) met the inclusion criteria for analysis as a chemical terrorism incident. The reported chemical agent categories were: unknown chemical (30.5%); corrosives (23.3%); tear gas/mace (12.3%); unspecified gas (11.6%); cyanide (8.2%); pesticides (5.5%); metals (6.5%); and nerve gas (2.1%). On average, chemical terrorism incidents resulted in 51 injuries (mean range across agents: 2.5-1,622.0) and seven deaths (mean range across agents: 0.0-224.3) per incident. Nerve gas incidents (2.1%) had the highest mean number of injuries (n = 1,622) and fatalities (n = 224) per incident. The highest number of chemical terrorism incidents occurred in South Asia (29.5%), Western Europe (16.8%), and Middle East/North Africa (13.0%). The most common targets were private citizens (19.5%), of which groups of women (22.8%) were often the specific target. Incidents targeting educational institutions often specifically targeted female students or teachers (58.1%).Conclusions:Chemical terrorism incidents rarely occur; however, the use of certain chemical terrorism agents, for example nerve gas, can cause large mass-causality events that can kill or injure thousands with a single use. Certain regions of the world had higher frequency of chemical terrorism events overall, and also varied in their frequencies of the specific chemical terrorism agent used. Data suggest that morbidity and mortality vary by chemical category and by region. Results may be helpful in developing and optimizing regional chemical terrorism preparedness activities.
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Lund, Sissel. "Mass Media Fail to Inform Women." MedieKultur: Journal of media and communication research 2, no. 4 (August 25, 1986): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v2i4.726.
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Begum, Hasna. "Mass media and women in Bangladesh." South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 9, no. 1 (June 1986): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00856408608723077.
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Cerhan, James R., Silvia de Sanjosé, Bracci M. Paige, John J. Spinelli, Claire M. Vajdic, Alain Monnereau, Luigino Dal Maso, et al. "Transfusion History and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL): an Interlymph Pooled Analysis." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 3039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.3039.3039.
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Abstract Background. A recent meta-analysis of 9 case-control and 5 cohort studies reported a positive association of transfusion history with risk of NHL (RR=1.20; 95% CI 1.07-1.35), which was only evident in cohort (RR=1.25) and not case-control (RR=1.05) studies (Castillo et al., Blood 2010;116:2897-2907). Risk was similar in men and women, and for transfusions before or after 1992. In subset analyses, elevated risk was only apparent for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and not diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or follicular lymphoma, but power was low. To further investigate these findings, particularly from studies conducted after 1990, better assess confounding, and address heterogeneity by NHL subtypes, we conducted an individual-level, pooled analysis of 13 case-control studies in the InterLymph Consortium (including 11 studies conducted after 1990; 8 studies were not included in the published meta-analysis). Methods. There were a total of 10,805 cases and 14,026 controls with transfusion data from 13 studies conducted in Europe, North America, and Australia. Transfusion history and other risk factors were self-reported in interviewer-administered or self-administered questionnaires. All risk factor data were harmonized centrally, and cases were grouped into NHL subtypes according to the WHO classification using guidelines from the InterLymph Pathology Working Group. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, and study center. Results. The median age at diagnosis was 60 years for cases (range, 18-97) and 59 years for controls (range, 16-97). The overall prevalence of a history of any transfusion in controls was 15.5%, was higher in women (18.6%) than men (13.0%), and increased with age, but was not associated with race/ethnicity (Asian, Black, Hispanic, White, other) or geographic region after adjusting for age and sex. Among whites, history of any transfusion was inversely associated with NHL risk among men (OR=0.74; 95% CI 0.65-0.83) but not women (OR=0.92; 95% CI 0.83-1.03); there were no significant results for other race/ethnicity groups, and ORs were highly variable and imprecise due to small sample sizes. Thus analyses were restricted to white men, where there was no trend with the number of transfusions, time since first transfusion, age at first transfusion, or decade of first transfusion. Further adjustment for socioeconomic status, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use or hepatitis C virus (HCV) seropositivity did not alter these results. The associations were stronger in hospital-based (OR=0.56; 95% CI 0.45-0.70) than population-based (OR=0.84; 95% CI 0.72-0.98) studies, and were stronger in studies from Southern Europe (OR=0.53; 95% CI 0.36-0.79) than northern Europe (OR=0.67; 95% CI 0.53-0.83) or North America (OR=0.82; 95% CI 0.70-0.98). For NHL subtypes, statistically significant inverse associations were observed for follicular lymphoma (OR=0.70; 95% CI 0.56-0.88), DLBCL (OR=0.72; 95% CI 0.59-0.87), and CLL/SLL (OR=0.67; 95% CI 0.52-0.87), whereas weaker and non-statistically significant associations were observed for mantle cell (OR=0.81; 95% CI 0.54-1.23), marginal zone (OR=0.78; 95% CI 0.54-1.15), lymphoplasmacytic (OR=0.82; 95% CI 0.47-1.42) and peripheral T-cell (OR=0.83; 95% CI 0.49-1.40) lymphomas. Conclusion. Contrary to earlier results, transfusion history was inversely associated with risk of NHL and the common subtypes of follicular lymphoma, DLBCL and CLL/SLL among white men, whereas associations were null among white women and other racial/ethnic groups. These results were not explained by confounding by lifestyle factors or HCV seropositivity, era of first transfusion, hospital versus population-based study design, or geographic location. Despite dramatic changes in transfusion practice over the past 40 years, results were similar for decade of first transfusion, suggesting secular trends are a less likely explanation. Our results are unexpected and bias cannot be ruled out. Further studies, particularly cohort studies, are needed to clarify the role of transfusion history in NHL risk. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Johnson, J. David, and Hendrika Meishcke. "Mass Media Channels." Newspaper Research Journal 13, no. 1-2 (January 1992): 146–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073953299201300113.
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Women perceive television, magazines and newspapers as equally good at disseminating timely and understandable cancer-related information. But of the three media channels, newspapers are perceived as least credible, least accurate and least clear, raising some serious questions about how newspapers cozier health issues.
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Miranda, Kessketlen Alves, Élvio Rubio Gouveia, Bruna Gouveia, Adilson Marques, Pedro Campos, Antonieta Tinôco, Jefferson Jurema, Matthias Kliegel, and Andreas Ihle. "Sarcopenia and Physical Activity Predict Falls in Older Adults from Amazonas, Brazil (La sarcopenia y la actividad física predicen caídas en adultos mayores de Amazonas, Brasil)." Retos 43 (July 6, 2021): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.88526.
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Introduction: Sarcopenia is a progressive and widespread skeletal muscle disorder involving loss of muscle mass and function, and is associated with several outcomes, including falls, functional decline, frailty, and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed: (1) to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia, falls, and the risk of falls considering age, sex, and the level of physical activity (PA), and (2) to identify which of these predictors better explained the likelihood that participants present risk of fall. A total of 701 participants (433 women) with a mean age of 70.4±6.9. Sarcopenia was determined according to the most recent guidelines from the European Working Group (EWGSOP2). The prevalence of falls and the level of physical activity were assessed by questionnaires. The risk of falls was assessed using the Fullerton Advance Balance (FAB) scale. This study provides evidence that women (OR: 2.5, p<0.001), the oldest people (OR: 1.1 p<0.001), and people who had identified sarcopenia (OR: 2.9 p<0.001), and lower level of physical activity (OR: 2.9 p<0.001), were more likely to present the risk of falls. Implications for vulnerable aging are discussed.
Resumen. Introducción: La sarcopenia es un trastorno del músculo esquelético generalizado y progresivo que implica pérdida de masa y función muscular y se asocia con varios resultados, que incluyen caídas, deterioro funcional, fragilidad y mortalidad. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo: (1) estimar la prevalencia de sarcopenia, caídas y el riesgo de caídas considerando la edad, el sexo y el nivel de actividad física (AF), y (2) identificar cuál de estos predictores explicaba mejor la probabilidad que los participantes presentan riesgo de caída. Un total de 701 participantes (433 mujeres) con una edad media de 70,4 ± 6,9 años. La sarcopenia se determinó de acuerdo con las guías más recientes del Grupo de trabajo europeo (EWGSOP2). La prevalencia de caídas y el nivel de AF se evaluaron mediante cuestionarios. El riesgo de caídas se evaluó mediante la escala Fullerton Advance Balance (FAB). Este estudio proporciona evidencia de que las mujeres (OR: 2,5, p <0,001), las personas mayores (OR: 1,1 p <0,001) y las personas que habían identificado sarcopenia (OR: 2,9 p <0,001) y un nivel más bajo de AP (OR: 2,9 p <0,001), tenían más probabilidades de presentar riesgo de caídas. Se discuten las implicaciones para el envejecimiento vulnerable.
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Adam, Silke. "Do Mass Media Portray Europe as a Community?" Javnost - The Public 15, no. 1 (January 2008): 91–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2008.11008966.
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Spys, Olha. "Managing family crisis experience of Ukrainian protestant churches." Religious Freedom, no. 21 (December 21, 2018): 94–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/rs.2018.21.1259.
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The institution of the family is going through difficult times in Ukraine. According to Eurostatistics, the highest rate of divorces in Europe is in Ukrainian society - 61 %; more than half of the couples arebusted up. Beside that, the latest government policy in Ukraine is not stable when it comes to saving traditional institution of family based on christian values. This became a serious cause for raising a question about family ministration in church.
In this article it has been researched that in protestant’s segment of christianity of Ukraine a family ministration takes an important place. There are two strong directions in this particular ministration of Ukrainian Protestants: 1) ministrations oriented to prevent family crisis; 2) ministrations that involve direct work with marriage problems and family relations in general.
It has been analyzed that the scale of family ministrationss consists of 1) organization or co-organisation of family forums and conference at the national, regional, and city levels by Ukrainian Protestants. The purpose of these events is to join the efforts of public employees, scientists, pedagogues, social workers, psychologists, journalists, family activists and volunteers for assertion of family institution, popularization of family values, maintaining ideas and suggestions for developing national family politics. 2) Ukrainian Protestants initiate many social movements, alliances and missions which aims to develop healthy civil society based on christian family values.
It has been identified that ministration of Ukrainian Protestants in the field of family matters is noticed to be multidirectional – organizing trainings for men, women and youth, seminars and conferences, helping destitute children and orphans through adaptation and creation family type housing units, running of christian holiday’s camps, rehabilitation centres, services via mass media.
In addition to the public services, Ukraine Protestants assign huge importance to individual ministry by pastors, teachers and family consultants who pays great attention to consultations and prayers. During the years of religious freedom in Ukrainian Protestant church the cohort of professional psychologists, pedagogues, physicians has appeared, and helps to overcome relational, family and marital conflicts on a personal level as consultants and soulpastors.
As a conclusion, the article reveales that Protestant church in Ukraine has developed different methods in prevention and settlement of family crisis through different methods and forms of public service as well as counselling. This experience consists of: consolidation of family and it’s traditional model, popularization of christian family values, support of underprivileged men and women due to family crises, guardianship of orphans and children from dysfunctional families, adoption of orphans, formation of family type orphanages. Accumulation of experiences of Ukrainian Protestants could be useful for Ukrainian government as well as for the other churches.
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Lühiste, Maarja, and Susan Banducci. "Invisible Women? Comparing Candidates’ News Coverage in Europe." Politics & Gender 12, no. 02 (May 3, 2016): 223–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x16000106.
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Past studies, largely based on the United States, have argued that differential coverage of men and women candidates could explain the lack of women in elected political office. We investigate, first, whether a gender bias exists in coverage of candidates and, second, the possible mechanisms underlying any differences in the amount and tone of candidates’ news media coverage. Using data from the 2009 European Election Study Media Analysis, drawn from media coverage in 25 EU member states during the European Parliament election campaigns, we find that, similar to previous research, there is evidence of a gender gap in the amount of media coverage. Even for highly prominent and competitive candidates, the gender bias in media coverage remains. However, this bias in media coverage largely reflects the parties’ preselection of viable candidates and that where there are remedies in place to address the underrepresentation of women (i.e., quotas), women candidates actually have lower visibility in campaign coverage. We also find that, though women candidates are more often the subject of valence evaluations in news stories, male candidates are more negatively evaluated in news stories.
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Lekshmi, P. S. Swathi, K. Chandrakandan, and N. Balasubramani. "Mass media utilization behaviour of farm women." Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal 35, no. 1 (2015): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-0547.2015.00010.5.
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Sari, Mungky Diana, Gayes Mahestu, and Kiky Soraya. "VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN MASS MEDIA FRAMEWORK." Social Economics and Ecology International Journal (SEEIJ) 1, no. 1 (February 6, 2018): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31397/seeij.v1i1.8.
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This study aims to see how far media positioned women, especially in their news frames. The focus of this research will be more about seeing how are violence against women cases in the mass media framework, especially online media. The selection of online media in this research is because the access of information provided by online media is much wider and easier in comparison with other media, especially mainstream mass media like newspaper. The focus of this study is on violence against women which occurred on a high school student in Bengkulu that resulted on her die. The method used in this study is the framing method of Robert Entman, by looking at the articles on Detik.com and Tribunews.com in May 2016. The results of this study indicate that Detik.com put women as objects, while Tribunews.com a little more put women as subjects, though not yet fully in the entity as a woman.
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Teubal, Ruth. "Women and elderly women in the mass media: Some preliminary notes." Ageing International 25, no. 4 (December 2000): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12126-000-1015-9.
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Gailienė, Danutė. "UŽBURTAME RATE: SAVIŽUDYBIŲ PAPLITIMAS LIETUVOJE PO NEPRIKLAUSOMYBĖS ATKŪRIMO." Psichologija 31 (January 1, 2005): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/psichol.2005..4341.
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Lietuvos savižudybių rodiklis jau dešimti metai (nuo 1996 m.) yra didžiausias pasaulyje. Straipsnyje pateikiami duomenys apie savižudybių rodiklių dinamiką Lietuvoje 1990–2002 m. ir, pasiremiant naujausiais tyrimų duomenimis, aptariami veiksniai, kurie gali lemti ilgalaikius aukštus savižudybių rodiklius. Lietuvoje iki šiol vyrauja „sovietinis“ mirtingumo modelis (jam būdingas labai aukštas priešlaikinio mirtingumo lygis bei miesto ir kaimo gyventojų mirtingumo skirtumų didėjimas), o psichikos sveikatos pagalbos sistema nepakankama. Susidaro užburtas ratas: savižudybių labai daug, jokių racionalių priemonių jų sumažinti valstybėje nėra, stiprėja ne tik pasyvi, bet ir savižudybėms palanki nuostata, o tai savo ruožtu didina suicidinę riziką.
VICIOUS CIRCLE: SUICIDES IN LITHUANIA AFTER THE INDEPENDENCEDanutė Gailienė
SummaryDuring the last 80 years suicide mortality in Lithuania has shown great variation. Nowadays Lithuania has the highest registered suicide rate in the world besides the other Baltic countries and Russia. After the sharp decrease in the mid-80’s, since 1991 the suicide rates start to rise again. In 2002 1551 suicide occurred in Lithuania (44.7 per 100.000 persons). The ratio of male to female rates was 4.5–6.1 in 1990–2002, in the young and middle age it reached 8–10. The suicides are more widespread in rural areas. Among rural men they occur twice as often as among the urban and among women – 1.4 times. By age the highest suicide risk is for middle-aged men. Among the males aged 45–54 years suicide rate reaches 154.6. The most common method of suicide remains hanging, both for males and females.The dramatic increase in suicide rates of the early 1990s corresponds to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the regaining of the independence of Lithuania and other Baltic states. Heavy transition from the system based on communist ideology to the open society and market economy was ensuing. However analysis of the trends of suicide mortality in Eastern Europe and in the „newly independent states“ of the former Soviet Union showed that rapid transformations of society do not per se necessarily produce more suicides. Neither the absolute economic changes, nor the level of prosperity in itself correlates significantly with the changes in suicide rates. Intermediate role of culture should be also taken into consideration.The undercurrent reasons of the incredible suicide spread in Lithuania lie in the long lasting effects of the 50 years under the communist regime on the ability of individuals and groups to manage psychosocial stress and changes. „Soviet“ mortality pattern, which is characterized by very high level of premature mortality and growth of urban-rural mortality differences, has not changed during transition period. This leads to vicious circle when the spread of suicides and helpless, indifferent attitude towards suicide prevention, causes the suicide approving attitudes, which increases the risk of suicidal behaviour. The approving attitude towards suicide among Lithuanian schoolchildren increased almost twice over the last decade. The media also „contributes“ to this process, but attempts to change the presentation of suicide in the mass media in 1996–2000 were rather unsuccessful.The national plan of suicide prevention is required to break off the vicious circle.
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Servaes, Jan. "Reimagining the Nation : Mass Media and Collective Identities in Europe." Res Publica 39, no. 2 (June 30, 1997): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v39i2.18586.
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The interrelationschip of culture, nation and communication is one of the key themes in the study of collective identities and nationalism. In this opening article to this special issue this interrelationship is being assessed. The article aims to contribute to a discussion ofthe assumptions on which the above interrelationship is built.It is argued that nationhood is at the point of intersection with a plurality of discourses related to geography, history, culture, polities, ideology, ethnicity, religion, matriality, economics, and the social. The discourse of nationhood can best be understood in relation to boundedness, continuities and discontinuities, unnity and plurality, the authority of the past, and the imperative of the present.Contributions of a number of contemporary thinkers (Benedict Anderson, Wimal Dissanayake, Ernest Gellner, Sutart Hall, Eric Hosbawm, anthony Giddens, among others) are incorporated in this article in order to underline the complex and contested discursive terrain that nationhood undoubtedly is. It is concluded that various cultures also manifest different and fragmented identities.
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van der Poel, Hugo. "Media policy in Europe: compromising between nationalism and mass markets." Leisure Studies 10, no. 3 (September 1991): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02614369100390181.
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Mahfiana, Layyin. "Media Sebagai Pelestari Budaya Patriarkhi." Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam 5, no. 4 (October 29, 2007): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2007.54.483-495.
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There are two main arguments advanced in this article. Firstly, regarding the image of women perpetuated lry mass media, and secondly why media is not showing gender sensitivity when developing women images. In general mass media portray women in one amongst these five images: women image as a frame, as a column, as an available 'bed', as a saucer and an image of friendship. These images are developed and became popular within a patriarchal culture because men define women as such, and women have no power to disagree. The author proposes that today's women readers must apply more critical view in reading and analyzing the content of mass media, especially with regard to women's images.
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Green, Peter. "The third party in the media–research relationship." Journal of Science Communication 05, no. 03 (September 21, 2006): C02. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.05030302.
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If Europe is to become a knowledge–based economy1 knowledge must be freely available in Europe. The results of research across Europe can not be left inside laboratories and libraries. It has to available to the citizens, young people and commerce of Europe. And the main source of information for all these groups is the mass media, yet large parts of European research do not allocate sufficient importance to media relations.
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Statham, Paul, and Ruud Koopmans. "Political party contestation over Europe in the mass media: who criticizes Europe, how, and why?" European Political Science Review 1, no. 3 (November 2009): 435–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773909990154.
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This study examines political party contestation over Europe, its relationship to the left/right cleavage, and the nature and emergence of Euroscepticism. The analysis is based on a large original sample of parties’ claims systematically drawn from political discourses in the mass media in seven countries: Britain, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, and Switzerland. It addresses questions concerning parties’ mobilized criticisms of European integration and the European Union (EU), specifically: their degree and form; their location among party families and within party systems; cross-national and diachronic trends; their substantive issue contents; whether their ‘Euro-criticism’ is more tactical or ideological; whether claims construct a cleavage; and their potential for transforming party politics. Findings show that a party’s country of origin has little explanatory power, once differences between compositions of party systems are accounted for. Also governing parties are significantly more likely to be pro-European, regardless of party-type. Regional party representatives, by contrast, are significantly more likely to be ‘Euro-critical’. Overall, we find a lop-sided ‘inverted U’ on the right of the political spectrum, but this is generated entirely by the significant, committed Euroscepticism of the British Conservatives andSchweizerische Volkspartei. There is relatively little evidence for Euroscepticism elsewhere at the core, where pro-Europeanism persists. Finally, parties’ Euro-criticism from the periphery mostly constructs substantive political and economic critiques of European integration and the EU, and is not reducible to strategic anti-systemic challenges.
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Saudah, Saudah, and Dodot Sapto Adi. "Women's Silence Imaginative-Proximity in Media." Jurnal Nomosleca 8, no. 2 (November 15, 2022): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.26905/nomosleca.v8i2.8858.
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The condition of society is equal to the need for information presented in the mass media. This uniqueness places women in an important position in finding the existence of the media. Women have a dual position as creators and connoisseurs of mass media, because there is sufficient time to utilize the media as a solution. The growing phenomenon lies in the reality that can be formed from the conditions created between women, and conventional mass media as well as renewable media. By conducting in-depth interviews, the results show that the media has the ability to form and strengthen identities, and get closer to the media, so that they can carry out the process of adapting to the patterns presented by the media. This situation causes the emergence of women's closeness to the mass media which is shrouded in a distinctive imagination. Each will mean the information presented, and provide a process of knowing, imitating, and forming identity on the mass media.Keywords: Women, Mass Media, Medium Wise
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Prathap, D. Puthira, and K. A. Ponnusamy. "Mass Media and Symbolic Adoption Behavior of Rural Women." SIMILE: Studies In Media & Information Literacy Education 6, no. 4 (November 1, 2006): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/sim.6.4.002.
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Johnson, Carolyn, and Lynne Gross. "Mass Media Use by Women in Decision-Making Positions." Journalism Quarterly 62, no. 4 (December 1985): 850–950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769908506200421.
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Primorac, Jaka. "Mediating Europe: New media, mass communications and the European public sphere." Visual Studies 26, no. 1 (March 15, 2011): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1472586x.2010.502708.
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Rooke, Richard. "Mediating Europe: New Media, Mass Communications and the European Public Sphere." European Journal of Communication 27, no. 3 (September 2012): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323112450791.
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Ross, Karen. "Women in Media Industries in Europe: What's Wrong with this Picture?" Feminist Media Studies 14, no. 2 (March 4, 2014): 326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2014.909139.
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Nur, Iffatin. "Perempuan dan Media Massa." Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam 5, no. 4 (October 29, 2007): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2007.54.559-577.
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The role of mass media is not only providing information to the public to fulfill their 'right to know' and 'right to expression', but also leading the creation of societies' images, myths, behavior, knowledge, even ideologies. Mass media produce new realities through texts, define facts or reality which amongst the semiotics such process is called creating the second reality from the first reality by the media. The media have created new realities in which men are portrayed as superior and engaging in all public spheres, whereas women are visualized as the weak. The production of mass media is also closely related to capitalist system of economy, which sometimes requires certain to become the victims; and women have been the victims in this capitalist system.
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Clarke, Juanne. "Heart disease and gender in mass print media." Menopause International 14, no. 1 (March 2008): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/mi.2007.007035.
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Heart disease is a major cause of death, disease and disability in the developed world for both men and women. Nevertheless, the evidence suggests that women are under-diagnosed both because they fail to visit the doctor with relevant symptoms and because doctors tend to dismiss the seriousness of women's symptoms of heart disease. This study examines the way that popular mass print media present the possible links between gender and heart disease. The findings suggest that the ‘usual candidates’ for heart disease are considered to be high achieving and active men for whom the ‘heart attack’ is sometimes seen as a ‘badge of honour’ and a symbol of their success. In contrast, women are less often seen as likely to succumb, but they are portrayed as if they are and ought to be worried about their husbands. Women's own bodies are described as so problematic as to be perhaps useless to diagnose, because they are so difficult to understand and treat.
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Kumar, Ashwani, and Parul Lahaik. "IMPACT OF MASS MEDIA ON RURAL WOMEN: A STUDY OF SHIMLA DISTRICT." SOCIETY AND CULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA 2, no. 2 (2022): 273–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.47509/scdi.2022.v02i02.03.
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Media is considered as the fourth estate of democracy. It has become an essential part of our lives and serves in various forms like television, radio, books, magazines, newspapers, mobile phones, internet, etc. These different forms of media help to educate, inform and entertain our society. Mass media has been affecting the social lives of rural women. It plays a vital role in changing the personality of rural women as it influences their thinking and understanding level, thus, widening their mental horizons. The primary role of mass media is to inform and educate rural women. It also recognises the problems of rural women which they confront in their daily life. The present paper has made an effort to know the impact of mass media on rural women. In this paper, an attempt has been made to know the level of media exposure of rural women of Jubbal-Kotkhai Block of Shimla district and to understand how mass media is bringing the changes in their socio-cultural life.
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Sazali, Hasan, and Lutfi Basit. "Meta Analysis of Women Politician Portrait in Mass Media Frames." Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication 36, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkmjc-2020-3602-19.
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Tamrin, M. "KONSTRUKSI REALITAS PEREMPUAN DI MEDIA SUARA NTB." KOMUNIKE 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/jurkom.v10i1.556.
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This paper aims to fnd out how the construction of the reality of women in the mass media is formed in the reporting and traffcking of people with female victims in the Mass Media. This study focused on the text of the news of rape and traffcking in women in May 2016 in the NTB Suara daily. This paper is a qualitative study using the Teun Van Dijk model discourse analysis method. With this method, the committee will see how women’s discourse is constructed and shaped by mass media through text analysis, social cognition and social contexts. The conclusion is that Suara NTB daily constructs women as victims, not as objects of exploitation, because women are placed as the subject of the narrator and given space to tell themselves or the events experienced.
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Dianina, C. U. "Islamic values in mass media of North Europe: paradoxes of cultural dialog." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 2(35) (April 28, 2014): 264–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-2-35-264-266.
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Parveen, Abida. "Violence Against Women: Analysis Of Some Works Related To Media." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 11, no. 1 (September 8, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v11i1.208.
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The mass media have important role in modern society as the main channel of communication. The population relies on the media as the main source of information and the basis on which they form their opinions. Any selection of messages in the mass media will therefore have a profound effect on the entire society. A society cannot progress unless if women are given due recognition and respect. Mass media can play a significant role in reflecting social realities and in profiting the positive role of women, as envisaged in Islam. This article has examined the prevalence of violent assault against women in Pakistani society. Some works related to media and women have been stressed.
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Bankole, A., G. Rodríguez, and C. F. Westoff. "Mass media messages and reproductive behaviour in Nigeria." Journal of Biosocial Science 28, no. 2 (April 1996): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000022264.
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SummaryThis paper examines the effects of exposure to mass media messages promoting family planning on the reproductive behaviour of married women in Nigeria using cross-sectional data. Longitudinal data are also used to ensure that exposure to media messages pre-dates the indicators of reproductive behaviour. Cross-sectional analysis suggests that: (1) contraceptive use and intention are positively associated with exposure to mass media messages, and (2) women who are exposed to media messages are more likely to desire fewer children than those who are not exposed to such messages. Similarly, analysis of the longitudinal data shows that exposure to mass media messages is a significant predictor of contraceptive use. Thus, exposure to mass media messages about family planning may be a powerful tool for influencing reproductive behaviour in Nigeria.
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Rahman, Bushra H., and Fakiha Rizvi. "VOICES OF POLITICAL WOMEN ON WOMEN ISSUES IN THE MEDIA: A CASE OF PAKISTAN’S 2013 ELECTIONS." Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 54, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/jssh.v54i2.65.
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The study examines if women politicians of Pakistan in the media are portrayed as effective decision-makers who demonstrate their leadership abilities and dynamism in advocating women issues. It aims to study whether media was used as an organized effort to use political women to bring social and economic improvement in the status of women by examining the Pakistani media on the issues of women during Pakistan’s 2013 general elections. It explores the assumption put forward by the ‘critical mass theory’, that if women form the critical mass in the political power structure, they have a major effect on becoming a voice in the media for women issues. It is a content analysis of articles, editorials and features of four major dailies and talk shows of three major television channels during the Pakistan’s election year 2013. Findings show that women issues were just not sidelined but also women politicians were marginalized in the media to talk on women issues. The discourses on women by ‘empowered’ women were almost non-existent in the media.
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Lunguleac-Bardasuc, Leila, Camelia Budac, and Claudia Ogrean. "Study on the Reputation of the (MASS) Media in Romania." Studies in Business and Economics 16, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2021-0010.
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Abstract Part of a bigger research project conducted by Media Reputation Lab (Media REP Lab) on the reputation of media in Europe, the study explores the reputation of media among informed population in Romania. A sample of 100 cases was involved in the online survey taking place in December 2019. The results provide a description of the country’s media reputation (media in general: radio, print, digital and television). For each one of these media, the valuation obtained by each of the reputational attributes (credibility, rigor, impartiality, willingness to rectify) by the informed population would be indicated. Moreover, insights on the knowledge and use, as well as on the reputation (overall and by category, considering ten key reputation aspects) - of twelve selected media - would be provided.