Journal articles: 'Mass balance analysis'

1

Thuy, Pham Thi, Pham Thanh Tuan, and Nguyen Manh Khai. "Industrial Water Mass Balance Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 7, no. 3 (2016): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2016.v7.771.

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Kenway, Steven, Alan Gregory, and Joseph McMahon. "Urban Water Mass Balance Analysis." Journal of Industrial Ecology 15, no. 5 (August 18, 2011): 693–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00357.x.

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Huss, M. "Mass balance of Pizolgletscher." Geographica Helvetica 65, no. 2 (June 30, 2010): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-65-80-2010.

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Abstract. Half of the glaciers in the Swiss Alps are smaller than 0.1 km2. Despite this, the mass budget of small glaciers and their response to ongoing climate change is rarely studied. A new mass balance monitoring programme on Pizolgletscher (0.08 km2) in north-eastern Switzerland was started in 2006. This paper presents first results and describes a new approach to determining the mass balance of glaciers. Seasonal field observations are interpreted using a distributed mass balance model in daily resolution that allows spatial inter- and extrapolation of sparse data points and the calculation of mass balance over arbitrary time periods. Evaluation of aerial photographs acquired in subdecadal intervals since 1968 allows inclusion of data on changes in glacier area and ice volume, contributing towards a long-term reconstruction of Pizolgletscher's mass balance. The analysis revealed fast mass loss over the last three years with annual balances of -1.61 m w.e. in 2006/2007, -0.71 m w.e. in 2007/2008, and -1.46 m w.e. in 2008/2009 and high spatial variability of mass balance on Pizolgletscher.

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Liu, Zhenling, Zhongping Xiao, Sayaka Masuko, Wenjing Zhao, Eric Sterner, Vinod Bansal, Jawed Fareed, Jonathan Dordick, Fuming Zhang, and Robert J. Linhardt. "Mass balance analysis of contaminated heparin product." Analytical Biochemistry 408, no. 1 (January 2011): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2010.09.015.

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Barlaz, Morton A., Robert K. Ham, and Daniel M. Schaefer. "Mass‐Balance Analysis of Anaerobically Decomposed Refuse." Journal of Environmental Engineering 115, no. 6 (December 1989): 1088–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1989)115:6(1088).

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Graham Cogley, J. "Geodetic and direct mass-balance measurements: comparison and joint analysis." Annals of Glaciology 50, no. 50 (2009): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769744.

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AbstractThis paper describes a new compilation of both direct and geodetic mass-balance measurements, develops a procedure to reduce diverse balance measurements over different time-spans to common time-spans, and presents updated estimates of global average balance of small glaciers based on the enlarged compilation. Although geodetic measurements are fewer than direct measurements, they cover four times as many balance years. Direct and geodetic measurements are unbiased with respect to one another, but differences are often substantial. The statistical procedure can be understood by imagining that an n-year balance measurement is an average of a series of 1 year measurements. The series is hypothetical but we can calculate the uncertainty of each of its elements if, in addition to its measured average, we can also estimate its standard deviation. For this claim to be valid, the annual series must be stationary and normally distributed with independent (roughly, uncorrelated) elements, for which there is reasonable evidence. The need to know the standard deviation means that annual direct measurements from a nearby glacier, or equally reliable information about variability, are indispensable. Given this information, the new methodology results in moderately more negative balances. This is probably because tidewater glaciers are better represented in the geodetic data. In any case, the most recent published estimate of global average balance, 0.8–1.0mma–1 of sea-level equivalent for 2001–04, is now increased substantially to 1.1–1.4 mma–1 for 2001–05.

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Hock, Regine, Valentina Radić, and Mattias De Woul. "Climate sensitivity of Storglaciären, Sweden: an intercomparison of mass-balance models using ERA-40 re-analysis and regional climate model data." Annals of Glaciology 46 (2007): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756407782871503.

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AbstractEstimates of glacier contributions to future sea-level rise are often computed from mass-balance sensitivities derived for a set of representative glaciers. Our purpose is to investigate how mass-balance projections and sensitivities vary when using different approaches to compute the glacier mass balance. We choose Storglaciären, Sweden, as a test site and apply five different models including temperature-index and energy-balance approaches further varying in spatial discretization. The models are calibrated using daily European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts re-analysis (ERA-40) data. We compute static mass-balance sensitivities and cumulative mass balances until 2100 based on daily temperatures predicted by a regional climate model. Net mass-balance sensitivities to a +1 K perturbation and a 10% increase in precipitation spanned from –0.41 to –0.61 and from 0.19 to 0.22ma–1, respectively. The cumulative mass balance for the period 2002–2100 in response to the climate-model predicted temperature changes varied between –81 and –92m for four models, but was –121m for the fully distributed detailed energy-balance model. This indicates that mass losses may be underestimated if temperature-index methods are used instead of detailed energy-balance approaches that account for the effects of temperature changes on all energy-balance components individually. Our results suggest that future glacier predictions are sensitive to the choice of the mass-balance model broadening the spectrum in uncertainties.

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Machguth, Horst, Wilfried Haeberli, and Frank Paul. "Mass-balance parameters derived from a synthetic network of mass-balance glaciers." Journal of Glaciology 58, no. 211 (2012): 965–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2012jog11j223.

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AbstractGlacier mass-balance parameters such as the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) play an important role when working with large glacier samples. While the number of observational mass-balance series to derive such parameters is limited, more and more modeled data are becoming available.Here we explore the possibilities of analyzing such 'synthetic' mass-balance data with respect to mass-balance parameters. A simplified energy-balance model is driven by bias-corrected regional climate model output to model mass-balance distributions for 94 glaciers in the Swiss Alps over 15 years. The modeling results in realistic interannual variability and mean cumulative mass balance. Subsequently model output is analyzed with respect to 18 topographic and mass-balance parameters and a correlation analysis is performed. Well-known correlations such as for ELA and median elevation are confirmed from the synthetic data. Furthermore, previously unreported parameter relationships are found such as a correlation of the balance rate at the tongue with the accumulation-area ratio (AAR) and of the glacier elevation range with the AAR. Analyzing modeled data complements in situ observations and highlights their importance: the small number of accurate mass-balance observations available for validation is a major challenge for the presented approach.

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Yoon, Chun G., Jong-Hwa Ham, and Ji-Hong Jeon. "Mass balance analysis in Korean paddy rice culture." Paddy and Water Environment 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2003): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10333-003-0018-z.

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Zou, Fang, Robert Tenzer, Hok Fok, and Janet Nichol. "Mass Balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from GRACE and Surface Mass Balance Modelling." Water 12, no. 7 (June 28, 2020): 1847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12071847.

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The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is losing mass at a rate that represents a major contribution to global sea-level rise in recent decades. In this study, we use the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data to retrieve the time series variations of the GrIS from April 2002 to June 2017. We also estimate the mass balance from the RACMO2.3 and ice discharge data in order to obtain a comparative analysis and cross-validation. A detailed analysis of long-term trend and seasonal and inter-annual changes in the GrIS is implemented by GRACE and surface mass balance (SMB) modeling. The results indicate a decrease of −267.77 ± 8.68 Gt/yr of the GrIS over the 16-year period. There is a rapid decline from 2002 to 2008, which accelerated from 2009 to 2012 before declining relatively slowly from 2013 to 2017. The mass change inland is significantly smaller than that detected along coastal regions, especially in the southeastern, southwestern, and northwestern regions. The mass balance estimates from GRACE and SMB minus ice discharge (SMB-D) are very consistent. The ice discharge manifests itself mostly as a long-term trend, whereas seasonal mass variations are largely attributed to surface mass processes. The GrIS mass changes are mostly attributed to mass loss during summer. Summer mass changes are highly correlated with climate changes.

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Holmlund, Per, Peter Jansson, and Rickard Pettersson. "A re-analysis of the 58 year mass-balance record of Storglaciären, Sweden." Annals of Glaciology 42 (2005): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756405781812547.

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AbstractThe use of glacier mass-balance records to assess the effects of glacier volume change from climate change requires high-quality data. The methods for measuring glacier mass balance have been developed in tandem with the measurements themselves, which implies that the quality of the data may change with time. We have investigated such effects on the mass-balance record of Storglaciären, Sweden, by re-analyzing the records using a better map base and applying successive maps over appropriate time periods. Our results show that errors <0.8 m occur during the first decades of the time series. Errors decrease with time, which is consistent with improvements in measurement methods. Comparison between the old and new datasets also shows improvements in the relationships between net balance, equilibrium-line altitude and summer temperature. A time-series analysis also indicates that the record does not contain longer-term (>10 year) oscillations. The pseudo-cyclic signal must thus be explained by factors other than cyclically occurring phenomena, although the record may still be too short to establish significant signals. We strongly recommend re-analysis of long mass-balance records in order to improve the mass-balance records used for other analyses.

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Zemp, M., E. Thibert, M. Huss, D. Stumm, C. Rolstad Denby, C. Nuth, S. U. Nussbaumer, et al. "Uncertainties and re-analysis of glacier mass balance measurements." Cryosphere Discussions 7, no. 2 (March 4, 2013): 789–839. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-7-789-2013.

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Abstract. Glacier-wide mass balance has been measured for more than sixty years and is widely used as an indicator of climate change and to assess the glacier contribution to runoff and sea level rise. Until present, comprehensive uncertainty assessments have rarely been carried out and mass balance data have often been applied using rough error estimation or without error considerations. In this study, we propose a framework for re-analyzing glacier mass balance series including conceptual and statistical toolsets for assessment of random and systematic errors as well as for validation and calibration (if necessary) of the glaciological with the geodetic balance results. We demonstrate the usefulness and limitations of the proposed scheme drawing on an analysis that comprises over 50 recording periods for a dozen glaciers and we make recommendations to investigators and users of glacier mass balance data. Reanalysis of glacier mass balance series needs to become a standard procedure for every monitoring programme to improve data quality and provide thorough uncertainty estimates.

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Arendt, Anthony, Scott Luthcke, Alex Gardner, Shad O’Neel, David Hill, Geir Moholdt, and Waleed Abdalati. "Analysis of a GRACE global mascon solution for Gulf of Alaska glaciers." Journal of Glaciology 59, no. 217 (2013): 913–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2013jog12j197.

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AbstractWe present a high-resolution Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mascon solution for Gulf of Alaska (GOA) glaciers and compare this with in situ glaciological, climate and other remote-sensing observations. Our GRACE solution yields a GOA glacier mass balance of −65 ± 11 Gt a−1 for the period December 2003 to December 2010, with summer balances driving the interannual variability. Between October/November 2003 and October 2009 we obtain a mass balance of −61 ± 11 Gt a−1 from GRACE, which compares well with −65 ± 12 Gt a−1 from ICESat based on hypsometric extrapolation of glacier elevation changes. We find that mean summer (June–August) air temperatures derived from both ground and lower-troposphere temperature records were good predictors of GRACE-derived summer mass balances, capturing 59% and 72% of the summer balance variability respectively. Large mass losses during 2009 were likely due to low early melt season surface albedos, measured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and likely associated with the 31 March 2009 eruption of Mount Redoubt, southwestern Alaska. GRACE data compared well with in situ measurements at Wolverine Glacier (maritime Alaska), but poorly with those at Gulkana Glacier (interior Alaska). We conclude that, although GOA mass estimates from GRACE are robust over the entire domain, further constraints on subregional and seasonal estimates are necessary to improve fidelity to ground observations.

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14

BASANTES-SERRANO, RUBÉN, ANTOINE RABATEL, BERNARD FRANCOU, CHRISTIAN VINCENT, LUIS MAISINCHO, BOLÍVAR CÁCERES, REMIGIO GALARRAGA, and DANILO ALVAREZ. "Slight mass loss revealed by reanalyzing glacier mass-balance observations on Glaciar Antisana 15α (inner tropics) during the 1995–2012 period." Journal of Glaciology 62, no. 231 (February 2016): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.17.

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ABSTRACTIn this paper, we reanalyze the glacier mass balance on Glaciar Antisana 15α over the 1995–2012 period. Annual glacier mass balances were quantified on the basis of monthly glaciological measurements using an adaptation of Lliboutry's statistical approach. The geodetic mass balance was computed between 1997 and 2009 giving a cumulative balance of −1.39 ± 1.97 m w.e. and a slightly negative adjusted annual glaciological mass balance (−0.12 ± 0.16 m w.e. a−1). Despite a careful analysis of uncertainties, we found a large discrepancy between the cumulative glaciological and the geodetic mass balances over the common period, of 4.66 m w.e. This discrepancy can mainly be explained by underestimated net accumulation in the glacier upper reaches, which could be due to the peculiar climate conditions of the equatorial zone with year round accumulation, thereby preventing clear identification of annual layers. An increase of ~70% in measured rates of net accumulation would be needed to balance the glaciological and geodetic mass balances; a hypothesis confirmed by estimated ice flux in the vicinity of the ELA. Consequently, the vertical gradient of precipitation may be higher than previously estimated and the accumulation processes (including the role of frost deposition) need to be carefully analyzed.

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Lefauconnier, B., and J. O. Hagen. "Glaciers and Climate in Svalbard: Statistical Analysis and Reconstruction of the Brøggerbreen Mass Balance for the Last 77 Years." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500008466.

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The long series of mass-balance data obtained by the Norsk Polarinstitutt on Brøggerbreen for the period 1967–88 has been correlated to climatological parameters from the meteorological station in Ny-Ålesund. The best multiple correlation coefficient was obtained between mass balance and positive summer and autumn temperatures combined with winter precipitations, for which R = 0.90. The regression equation gives a very good agreement between observed and estimated mass balance for Brøggerbreen. A test for 8 years which includes summer long-wave radiation, gives a coefficient of R = 0.98. Based on the good correlation between temperatures at several stations, we reconstructed summer temperatures in Longyearbyen and Brøggerbreen mass balances for 1912–88. The end of the cold period before 1918 is connected with historical observations of the maximum advance of cirque glaciers. After an increase between 1912 and 1920, summer and autumn temperatures decreased slowly. From 1920 this decay has been of −0.7°C. Mass balance has been negative since 1918, and the total mass lost at Brøggerbreen is 34.35 m of water equivalent. For the period with available data in Ny-Ålesund (1969–88), a very slight cooling during the ablation period and an increase in winter precipitation has maintained the reduction of the net balance deficit.

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Lefauconnier, B., and J. O. Hagen. "Glaciers and Climate in Svalbard: Statistical Analysis and Reconstruction of the Brøggerbreen Mass Balance for the Last 77 Years." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500008466.

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The long series of mass-balance data obtained by the Norsk Polarinstitutt on Brøggerbreen for the period 1967–88 has been correlated to climatological parameters from the meteorological station in Ny-Ålesund. The best multiple correlation coefficient was obtained between mass balance and positive summer and autumn temperatures combined with winter precipitations, for which R = 0.90. The regression equation gives a very good agreement between observed and estimated mass balance for Brøggerbreen. A test for 8 years which includes summer long-wave radiation, gives a coefficient of R = 0.98. Based on the good correlation between temperatures at several stations, we reconstructed summer temperatures in Longyearbyen and Brøggerbreen mass balances for 1912–88. The end of the cold period before 1918 is connected with historical observations of the maximum advance of cirque glaciers. After an increase between 1912 and 1920, summer and autumn temperatures decreased slowly. From 1920 this decay has been of −0.7°C. Mass balance has been negative since 1918, and the total mass lost at Brøggerbreen is 34.35 m of water equivalent. For the period with available data in Ny-Ålesund (1969–88), a very slight cooling during the ablation period and an increase in winter precipitation has maintained the reduction of the net balance deficit.

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Kozlov, Evgeniy N., and Ekaterina N. Fomina. "Mass balance of complementary metasomatic processes using isocon analysis." MethodsX 9 (2022): 101609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2021.101609.

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Rusdianto, Andrew Setiawan, and Miftahul Choiron. "Analysis of Bio Pellet Process Based on Mass Balance." Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 3 (2015): 262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2015.01.050.

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Roustan, M., J. P. Duguet, B. Brette, E. Brodard, and J. Mallevialle. "Mass Balance Analysis of Ozone in Conventional Bubble Contactors." Ozone: Science & Engineering 9, no. 3 (June 1987): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01919518708552342.

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Zhang, H. B., L. Zhou, and Ying Xue Yao. "Dynamic Balance Analysis of Drum-Shape Rotor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 10-12 (December 2007): 909–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.10-12.909.

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For rigid rotor that widely applied in gyroscopes, high precision dynamic balance is very important. The paper introduces a dynamic balance method for drum-shape gyroscope rotor: the rotor is supported by gas bearing; detecting the displacement of three points on the drum-shape rotor’s end-plane, obtaining its normal direction. Then according to geometrical relation of geometric axis and polar inertia axis, the dynamic trace of the rotor can be obtained, and the rotor’s mass imbalance is calculated. Experiment result shows that the method has high balance accuracy, particularly suit for high-speed gyroscope rotor whose mass imbalance is small.

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Barandun, Martina, Matthias Huss, Leo Sold, Daniel Farinotti, Erlan Azisov, Nadine Salzmann, Ryskul Usubaliev, Alexandr Merkushkin, and Martin Hoelzle. "Re-analysis of seasonal mass balance at Abramov glacier 1968–2014." Journal of Glaciology 61, no. 230 (2015): 1103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2015jog14j239.

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AbstractAbramov glacier, located in the Pamir Alay, Kyrgyzstan, is a reference glacier within the Global Terrestrial Network for Glaciers. Long-term glaciological measurements exist from 1968 to 1998 and a mass-balance monitoring programme was re-established in 2011. In this study we re-analyse existing mass-balance data and use a spatially distributed mass-balance model to provide continuous seasonal time series of glacier mass balance covering the period 1968–2014. The model is calibrated to seasonal mass-balance surveys and then applied to the period with no measurements. Validation and recalibration is carried out using snowline observations derived from satellite imagery and, after 2011, also from automatic terrestrial camera images. We combine direct measurements, remote observations and modelling. The results are compared to geodetic glacier volume change over the past decade and to a ground-penetrating radar survey in the accumulation zone resolving several layers of accumulation. Previously published geodetic mass budget estimates for Abramov glacier suggest a close-to-zero mass balance for the past decade, which contradicts our results. We find a low plausibility for equilibrium conditions over the past 15 years. Instead, we suggest that the glacier’s sensitivity to increased summer air temperature is decisive for the substantial mass loss during the past decade.

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Davaze, Lucas, Antoine Rabatel, Yves Arnaud, Pascal Sirguey, Delphine Six, Anne Letreguilly, and Marie Dumont. "Monitoring glacier albedo as a proxy to derive summer and annual surface mass balances from optical remote-sensing data." Cryosphere 12, no. 1 (January 23, 2018): 271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-271-2018.

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Abstract. Less than 0.25 % of the 250 000 glaciers inventoried in the Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI V.5) are currently monitored with in situ measurements of surface mass balance. Increasing this archive is very challenging, especially using time-consuming methods based on in situ measurements, and complementary methods are required to quantify the surface mass balance of unmonitored glaciers. The current study relies on the so-called albedo method, based on the analysis of albedo maps retrieved from optical satellite imagery acquired since 2000 by the MODIS sensor, on board the TERRA satellite. Recent studies revealed substantial relationships between summer minimum glacier-wide surface albedo and annual surface mass balance, because this minimum surface albedo is directly related to the accumulation–area ratio and the equilibrium-line altitude. On the basis of 30 glaciers located in the French Alps where annual surface mass balance data are available, our study conducted on the period 2000–2015 confirms the robustness and reliability of the relationship between the summer minimum surface albedo and the annual surface mass balance. For the ablation season, the integrated summer surface albedo is significantly correlated with the summer surface mass balance of the six glaciers seasonally monitored. These results are promising to monitor both annual and summer glacier-wide surface mass balances of individual glaciers at a regional scale using optical satellite images. A sensitivity study on the computed cloud masks revealed a high confidence in the retrieved albedo maps, restricting the number of omission errors. Albedo retrieval artifacts have been detected for topographically incised glaciers, highlighting limitations in the shadow correction algorithm, although inter-annual comparisons are not affected by systematic errors.

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Baral, Prashant, Rijan B. Kayastha, Walter W. Immerzeel, Niraj S. Pradhananga, Bikas C. Bhattarai, Sonika Shahi, Stephan Galos, Claudia Springer, Sharad P. Joshi, and Pradeep K. Mool. "Preliminary results of mass-balance observations of Yala Glacier and analysis of temperature and precipitation gradients in Langtang Valley, Nepal." Annals of Glaciology 55, no. 66 (2014): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2014aog66a106.

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AbstractMonitoring the glacier mass balance of summer-accumulation-type Himalayan glaciers is critical to not only assess the impact of climate change on the volume of such glaciers but also predict the downstream water availability and the global sea-level change in future. To better understand the change in meteorological parameters related to glacier mass balance and runoff in a glacierized basin and to assess the highly heterogeneous glacier responses to climate change in the Nepal Himalaya and nearby ranges, the Cryosphere Monitoring Project (CMP) carries out meteorological observations in Langtang Valley and mass-balance measurements on Yala Glacier, a debris-free glacier in the same valley. A negative annual mass balance of –0.89m w.e. and the rising equilibrium-line altitude of Yala Glacier indicate a continuation of a secular trend toward more negative mass balances. Lower temperature lapse rate during the monsoon, the effect of convective precipitation associated with mesoscale thermal circulation in the local precipitation and the occurrence of distinct diurnal cycles of temperature and precipitation at different stations in the valley are other conclusions of this comprehensive scientific study initiated by CMP which aims to yield multi-year glaciological, hydrological and meteorological observations in the glacierized Langtang River basin.

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Zemp, M., E. Thibert, M. Huss, D. Stumm, C. Rolstad Denby, C. Nuth, S. U. Nussbaumer, et al. "Reanalysing glacier mass balance measurement series." Cryosphere 7, no. 4 (August 6, 2013): 1227–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1227-2013.

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Abstract. Glacier-wide mass balance has been measured for more than sixty years and is widely used as an indicator of climate change and to assess the glacier contribution to runoff and sea level rise. Until recently, comprehensive uncertainty assessments have rarely been carried out and mass balance data have often been applied using rough error estimation or without consideration of errors. In this study, we propose a framework for reanalysing glacier mass balance series that includes conceptual and statistical toolsets for assessment of random and systematic errors, as well as for validation and calibration (if necessary) of the glaciological with the geodetic balance results. We demonstrate the usefulness and limitations of the proposed scheme, drawing on an analysis that comprises over 50 recording periods for a dozen glaciers, and we make recommendations to investigators and users of glacier mass balance data. Reanalysing glacier mass balance series needs to become a standard procedure for every monitoring programme to improve data quality, including reliable uncertainty estimates.

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Hagen, Jon Ove, and Olav Liestøl. "Long-Term Glacier Mass-Balance Investigations in Svalbard, 1950–88." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500008351.

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Mass-balance investigations on glaciers in Svalbard at high latitudes (78°N) show that the ice masses have been steadily decreasing during the period 1950–88. Detailed annual observations have been carried out on Brøggerbreen since 1966 and Lovénbreen since 1967. The mean specific net balances are −0.46 and −0.37 m year−1 water equivalent respectively. Only one year had positive net balance in this period. The cumulative mass lost in the period is then more than 10% of the volume in 1967. Zero net balance would be obtained if the summer temperature was lowered about 1°C or if the winter precipitation increased about 50%. There is a strong correlation between the net mass balance and the height of the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA). Because of the high amount of superimposed ice (10–30% of winter balance) stake readings are necessary to find the ELA. There is no sign of climatic warming through increased melting. The trend analysis of the data from the last 20 years shows stable conditions with a slight increase of the winter balance. The net balance is then slightly increasing and thus less negative than 20 years ago.

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Hagen, Jon Ove, and Olav Liestøl. "Long-Term Glacier Mass-Balance Investigations in Svalbard, 1950–88." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500008351.

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Mass-balance investigations on glaciers in Svalbard at high latitudes (78°N) show that the ice masses have been steadily decreasing during the period 1950–88. Detailed annual observations have been carried out on Brøggerbreen since 1966 and Lovénbreen since 1967. The mean specific net balances are −0.46 and −0.37 m year−1 water equivalent respectively. Only one year had positive net balance in this period. The cumulative mass lost in the period is then more than 10% of the volume in 1967. Zero net balance would be obtained if the summer temperature was lowered about 1°C or if the winter precipitation increased about 50%. There is a strong correlation between the net mass balance and the height of the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA). Because of the high amount of superimposed ice (10–30% of winter balance) stake readings are necessary to find the ELA. There is no sign of climatic warming through increased melting. The trend analysis of the data from the last 20 years shows stable conditions with a slight increase of the winter balance. The net balance is then slightly increasing and thus less negative than 20 years ago.

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Zhan, Jingang, Hongling Shi, Yong Wang, and Yixin Yao. "Complex Principal Component Analysis of Antarctic Ice Sheet Mass Balance." Remote Sensing 13, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13030480.

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Ice sheet changes of the Antarctic are the result of interactions among the ocean, atmosphere, and ice sheet. Studying the ice sheet mass variations helps us to understand the possible reasons for these changes. We used 164 months of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite time-varying solutions to study the principal components (PCs) of the Antarctic ice sheet mass change and their time-frequency variation. This assessment was based on complex principal component analysis (CPCA) and the wavelet amplitude-period spectrum (WAPS) method to study the PCs and their time-frequency information. The CPCA results revealed the PCs that affect the ice sheet balance, and the wavelet analysis exposed the time-frequency variation of the quasi-periodic signal in each component. The results show that the first PC, which has a linear term and low-frequency signals with periods greater than five years, dominates the variation trend of ice sheet in the Antarctic. The ratio of its variance to the total variance shows that the first PC explains 83.73% of the mass change in the ice sheet. Similar low-frequency signals are also found in the meridional wind at 700 hPa in the South Pacific and the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the equatorial Pacific, with the correlation between the low-frequency periodic signal of SSTA in the equatorial Pacific and the first PC of the ice sheet mass change in Antarctica found to be 0.73. The phase signals in the mass change of West Antarctica indicate the upstream propagation of mass loss information over time from the ocean–ice interface to the southward upslope, which mainly reflects ocean-driven factors such as enhanced ice–ocean interaction and the intrusion of warm saline water into the cavities under ice shelves associated with ice sheets which sit on retrograde slopes. Meanwhile, the phase signals in the mass change of East Antarctica indicate the downstream propagation of mass increase information from the South Pole toward Dronning Maud Land, which mainly reflects atmospheric factors such as precipitation accumulation.

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Aro, Rudolf, Pernilla Carlsson, Christian Vogelsang, Anna Kärrman, and Leo WY Yeung. "Fluorine mass balance analysis of selected environmental samples from Norway." Chemosphere 283 (November 2021): 131200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131200.

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Kapsch, Marie-Luise, Uwe Mikolajewicz, Florian A. Ziemen, Christian B. Rodehacke, and Clemens Schannwell. "Analysis of the surface mass balance for deglacial climate simulations." Cryosphere 15, no. 2 (March 3, 2021): 1131–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1131-2021.

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Abstract. A realistic simulation of the surface mass balance (SMB) is essential for simulating past and future ice-sheet changes. As most state-of-the-art Earth system models (ESMs) are not capable of realistically representing processes determining the SMB, most studies of the SMB are limited to observations and regional climate models and cover the last century and near future only. Using transient simulations with the Max Planck Institute ESM in combination with an energy balance model (EBM), we extend previous research and study changes in the SMB and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) for the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets throughout the last deglaciation. The EBM is used to calculate and downscale the SMB onto a higher spatial resolution than the native ESM grid and allows for the resolution of SMB variations due to topographic gradients not resolved by the ESM. An evaluation for historical climate conditions (1980–2010) shows that derived SMBs compare well with SMBs from regional modeling. Throughout the deglaciation, changes in insolation dominate the Greenland SMB. The increase in insolation and associated warming early in the deglaciation result in an ELA and SMB increase. The SMB increase is caused by compensating effects of melt and accumulation: the warming of the atmosphere leads to an increase in melt at low elevations along the ice-sheet margins, while it results in an increase in accumulation at higher levels as a warmer atmosphere precipitates more. After 13 ka, the increase in melt begins to dominate, and the SMB decreases. The decline in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation after 9 ka leads to an increasing SMB and decreasing ELA. Superimposed on these long-term changes are centennial-scale episodes of abrupt SMB and ELA decreases related to slowdowns of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) that lead to a cooling over most of the Northern Hemisphere.

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Paul, Reba, Steven Kenway, Brian McIntosh, and Pierre Mukheibir. "Urban Metabolism of Bangalore City: A Water Mass Balance Analysis." Journal of Industrial Ecology 22, no. 6 (January 16, 2018): 1413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12705.

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31

Moll, M., D. Leclerc, J. A. Dodds, and G. Baluais. "Calculation of a Mass Balance in a Malt Extract Analysis." Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 51, no. 2 (April 1993): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/asbcj-51-0045.

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Hilton, R., P. Bick, A. Tekeei, E. Leimkuehler, P. Pfeifer, and G. J. Suppes. "Mass Balance and Performance Analysis of Potassium Hydroxide Activated Carbon." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 51, no. 26 (June 22, 2012): 9129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie301293t.

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33

Pan, Jae Gu, and Joon Shick Rhee. "Mass and energy balance for analysis of oleaginous yeast growth." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 2, no. 1 (March 1985): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02697554.

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34

Maniquiz, Marla C., Lee-Hyung Kim, Soyoung Lee, and Jiyeon Choi. "Flow and mass balance analysis of eco-bio infiltration system." Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 6, no. 5 (August 30, 2012): 612–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11783-012-0448-1.

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35

Jones, Peter T. "Material Flows and Mass Balance Analysis in the United Kingdom." Journal of Industrial Ecology 13, no. 6 (November 24, 2009): 843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2009.00185.x.

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36

Fuchun, Xu, and Liu Cunli. "Mass Balance Analysis of Ozone in a Conventional Bubble Column." Ozone: Science & Engineering 12, no. 3 (June 1990): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01919519008552196.

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37

Jackson, Leland J., Joseph B. Rasmussen, and Jacob Kalff. "A mass-balance analysis of trace metals in two weedbeds." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 75, no. 1-2 (May 1994): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01100403.

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38

Clark, W. D., W. R. Seeker, and C. C. Lee. "Engineering analysis of hazardous waste incineration energy and mass balance." Nuclear and Chemical Waste Management 7, no. 1 (1987): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-815x(87)90038-6.

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39

Olsen, Rif Miles. "Searching Mass-Balance Analysis to Find the Composition of Martian Blueberries." Minerals 12, no. 6 (June 18, 2022): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12060777.

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Between 2004 and 2018, NASA’s rover Opportunity found huge numbers of small, hematite-rich spherules (commonly called blueberries) on the Meridiani Planum of Mars. The standard oxide composition distributions of blueberries have remained poorly constrained, with previous published analyses leaving hematite content somewhere in the broad range of 24–100 wt%. A searching mass-balance analysis is introduced and applied to constrain possible standard oxide composition distributions of blueberries consistent with the non-detection of silicates in blueberries by Opportunity’s instruments. This analysis found three groups of complete solution sets among the mass-balance ions consistent with the non-detection of silicates; although, a simple extension of the analysis indicates that one larger space of solutions incorporates all three groups of solutions. Enforcing consistency with the non-detection of silicates in blueberries constrains the hematite content in most of blueberry samples to between 79.5 and 99.85 wt%. A feature of the largest group of complete solution sets is that five oxides/elements, MgO, P2O5, Na2O, SO3, and Cl, collectively have a summed weight percentage that averages close to 6 wt%, while the weight percentage of nickel is close to 0.3 wt% in all solutions. Searches over multidimensional spaces of filtering composition distributions of basaltic and dusty soils were a methodological advance.

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40

Gabbi, J., M. Huss, A. Bauder, F. Cao, and M. Schwikowski. "The impact of Saharan dust and black carbon on albedo and long-term mass balance of an Alpine glacier." Cryosphere 9, no. 4 (July 30, 2015): 1385–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1385-2015.

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Abstract. Light-absorbing impurities in snow and ice control glacier melt as shortwave radiation represents the main component of the surface energy balance. Here, we investigate the long-term effect of snow impurities, i.e., mineral dust and black carbon (BC), on albedo and glacier mass balance. The analysis was performed over the period 1914–2014 for two sites on Claridenfirn, Swiss Alps, where an outstanding 100-year record of seasonal mass balance measurements is available. Information on atmospheric deposition of mineral dust and BC over the last century was retrieved from two firn/ice cores of high-alpine sites. A combined mass balance and snow/firn layer model was employed to assess the effects of melt and accumulation processes on the impurity concentration at the surface and thus on albedo and glacier mass balance. Compared to pure snow conditions, the presence of Saharan dust and BC lowered the mean annual albedo by 0.04–0.06 depending on the location on the glacier. Consequently, annual melt was increased by 15–19 %, and the mean annual mass balance was reduced by about 280–490 mm w.e. BC clearly dominated absorption which is about 3 times higher than that of mineral dust. The upper site has experienced mainly positive mass balances and impurity layers were continuously buried whereas at the lower site, surface albedo was more strongly influenced by re-exposure of dust and BC-enriched layers due to frequent years with negative mass balances.

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Xue, Yun Na, Li Xue, and Guo Sheng Su. "Study on Balance Simulation of Milling Tool Handle in High Speed Machining." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.384.

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The balance performance of the tool handle influences the machining quality. Using the tool of the sensitivity analysis, the feasibility analysis and the optimization design in Pro/e software, by reasonably selecting the dimensional parameters of the balance structure, the distance between the center of mass and the rotation axis can be zero in order to achieve the static balance. After the dynamic simulation, the dynamic performance states that the static balance model is not fully dynamic balanced.

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42

Gharehchahi, Saeideh, Thomas J. Ballinger, Jennifer L. R. Jensen, Anshuman Bhardwaj, Lydia Sam, Russell C. Weaver, and David R. Butler. "Local- and Regional-Scale Forcing of Glacier Mass Balance Changes in the Swiss Alps." Remote Sensing 13, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 1949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13101949.

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Glacier mass variations are climate indicators. Therefore, it is essential to examine both winter and summer mass balance variability over a long period of time to address climate-related ice mass fluctuations. In this study we analyze glacier mass balance components and hypsometric characteristics with respect to their interactions with local meteorological variables and remote large-scale atmospheric and oceanic patterns. The results show that all selected glaciers have lost their equilibrium condition in recent decades, with persistent negative annual mass balance trends and decreasing accumulation area ratios (AARs), accompanied by increasing air temperatures of ≥+0.45 °C decade−1. The controlling factor of annual mass balance is mainly attributed to summer mass losses, which are correlated with (warming) June to September air temperatures. In addition, the interannual variability of summer and winter mass balances is primarily associated to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), Greenland Blocking Index (GBI), and East Atlantic (EA) teleconnections. Although climate parameters are playing a significant role in determining the glacier mass balance in the region, the observed correlations and mass balance trends are in agreement with the hypsometric distribution and morphology of the glaciers. The analysis of decadal frontal retreat using Landsat images from 1984 to 2014 also supports the findings of this research, highlighting the impact of lake formation at terminus areas on rapid glacier retreat and mass loss in the Swiss Alps.

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43

Thibert, E., and C. Vincent. "Best possible estimation of mass balance combining glaciological and geodetic methods." Annals of Glaciology 50, no. 50 (2009): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769546.

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AbstractVariance analysis of the long time series of mass balances recorded on Glacier de Sarennes (45°07’ N, 6°07’ E) France, since 1949 shows that the variability can be separated linearly in two spatial and temporal terms. Annual balances deviate from their mean values over the period of record by an annual amount that is uniform over the glacier. Annual balances at each stake are therefore highly correlated, and sampling at a single site would be acceptable to record the annual deviation. A result of the linear character of the variance is the possibility of obtaining a systematic error-free estimate of the annual glacier-total budget by combining the mean annual balance obtained from photogrammetry and the annual deviation obtained from the variance analysis, rather than using the traditional area integration of balances at each stake.

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44

Cogley, J. Graham, and W. P. Adams. "Mass balance of glaciers other than the ice sheets." Journal of Glaciology 44, no. 147 (1998): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000002641.

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AbstractSmall glaciers appear to have been at equilibrium or shrinking very slightly during 1961–90, according to analysis of an essentially complete set of published measurements. Simple calculations give an average annual mass balance of –195 ± 59 mm a−1 (water equivalent) but this is too low because of systematic errors. Neglect of internal accumulation is responsible for some tens of millimeters of underestimate. Uneven spatial coverage, with fewer measurements where mass balances are less negative, accounts for about 50 mm a−1 of underestimate. This figure derives from spatial interpolation based on global data on ice extent and on an analysis of correlations between balance time series. The correlogram shows exponential decay, the scale length being about 600 km. The largest bias is due to a newly detected dependence of mass balance on glacier size. Among the 231 measured glaciers, many are small and belong to a restricted size range in which balance is negative, but much of the small-glacier extent is accounted for by larger glaciers in a size range where balance is indistinguishable from zero. Correcting for this size bias increases the average balance to –35 ± 89 mm a−1. Inspection of time series for 1940–95 (251 glaciers) shows that mass balance was least negative during the 1960s, and has varied in broad agreement with Northern Hemisphere temperature anomalies; smaller small glaciers (A < 16 km2) appear to be more sensitive than larger small glaciers to changes in thermal forcing. The small-glacier contribution to sea-level rise implied by this assessment is only 0.06–0.32 mm a−1, consistent with glaciers in general making little or no contribution to sea-level change during 1961–90.

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45

Cogley, J. Graham, and W. P. Adams. "Mass balance of glaciers other than the ice sheets." Journal of Glaciology 44, no. 147 (1998): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000002641.

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AbstractSmall glaciers appear to have been at equilibrium or shrinking very slightly during 1961–90, according to analysis of an essentially complete set of published measurements. Simple calculations give an average annual mass balance of –195 ± 59 mm a−1(water equivalent) but this is too low because of systematic errors. Neglect of internal accumulation is responsible for some tens of millimeters of underestimate. Uneven spatial coverage, with fewer measurements where mass balances are less negative, accounts for about 50 mm a−1of underestimate. This figure derives from spatial interpolation based on global data on ice extent and on an analysis of correlations between balance time series. The correlogram shows exponential decay, the scale length being about 600 km. The largest bias is due to a newly detected dependence of mass balance on glacier size. Among the 231 measured glaciers, many are small and belong to a restricted size range in which balance is negative, but much of the small-glacier extent is accounted for by larger glaciers in a size range where balance is indistinguishable from zero. Correcting for this size bias increases the average balance to –35 ± 89 mm a−1. Inspection of time series for 1940–95 (251 glaciers) shows that mass balance was least negative during the 1960s, and has varied in broad agreement with Northern Hemisphere temperature anomalies; smaller small glaciers (A< 16 km2) appear to be more sensitive than larger small glaciers to changes in thermal forcing. The small-glacier contribution to sea-level rise implied by this assessment is only 0.06–0.32 mm a−1, consistent with glaciers in general making little or no contribution to sea-level change during 1961–90.

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46

Liu, Tong, Tsuyoshi Kinouchi, Javier Mendoza, and Yoichi Iwami. "Glacier Mass Balance and Catchment-Scale Water Balance in Bolivian Andes." Journal of Disaster Research 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 1040–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2016.p1040.

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In investigating glacier mass balance and water balance at Huayna Potosi West, a glacierized basin in the Bolivian Andes (Cordillera Real), we used a remote sensing method with empirical area-volume relationships, a hydrological method with runoff coefficients, and water balance method. Results suggest that remote sensing method based on the glacier area from satellite images and area-volume relationships is too imprecise to use in performing analysis in short time intervals. Glacier mass balance obtained using a new area-volume relationship was, however, similar to that obtained by the water balance method, thus proving that the new area-volume relationship is reasonable to use for analyzing glaciers within a certain size range. The hydrological method with a runoff coefficient considered glacier as the only storage for saving or contributing to runoff and nonglacier area as the only source of evaporation. We applied a fixed runoff coefficient of 0.8 without considering wet or dry seasons in nonglacier areas – a method thus sensitive to meteorological and hydrological data. We also did not consider glacier sublimation. The water balance method is applicable to the study region and excelled other methods in terms of resolution, having no empirical coefficients, and considering sublimation and evaporation. Among its few limitations are possibly underestimating evaporation and runoff over nonglacier areas during wet months and thus possibly overestimating glacier contribution at mean time.

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47

Shi, Guo-Liang, Xiang Li, Yin-Chang Feng, Yu-Qiu Wang, Jian-Hui Wu, Jun Li, and Tan Zhu. "Combined source apportionment, using positive matrix factorization–chemical mass balance and principal component analysis/multiple linear regression–chemical mass balance models." Atmospheric Environment 43, no. 18 (June 2009): 2929–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.054.

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48

De Ruyter De Wildt, Martijn S., and Johannes Oerlemans. "Satellite retrieval of mass balance: comparing SAR images with albedo images and in situ mass-balance observations." Journal of Glaciology 49, no. 166 (2003): 437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756503781830548.

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AbstractWe present an analysis of many European Remote-sensing Satellite (ERS) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of Vatnajökull, Iceland, by comparing them with Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) images, mass-balance observations and modelled firn stratigraphy. Summer SAR and AVHRR images both detect the surface firn line (or the transient snow-line when it lies below the firn line) as a distinct boundary.Winter SAR images of Vatnajökull generally display the late-summer surface firn line, and often also a transition at a higher elevation that possibly reflects a subsurface continuation of the firn line. On some winter images the firn line is not adequately detected, possibly due to a shallow firn pack. We found no differences in back-scatter between melting snow and firn, and for most years no differences in reflectance either. For Vatnajökull, equilibrium-line altitude is therefore not a particularly useful estimator of the mean specific mass balance (Bm). Unlike albedo images, SAR images do not display interannual variations of the signal within the accumulation area that are clearly related to Bm. Hence, SAR images of Vatnajökull contain less information about Bm than albedo images. However, for some drainage basins, mean transient snow-line/firn-line altitude during the melting season can be used to infer Bm.

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49

Vincent, C., A. Soruco, D. Six, and E. Le Meur. "Glacier thickening and decay analysis from 50 years of glaciological observations performed on Glacier d’Argentière, Mont Blanc area, France." Annals of Glaciology 50, no. 50 (2009): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769500.

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AbstractNumerous glaciological data have been obtained from measurements carried out on Glacier d’Argentière, Mont Blanc area, France, since the beginning of the 20th century. Moreover, data on annual mass balance, ice-flow velocity, thickness variation and length fluctuation have been obtained from yearly measurements performed since 1975. This dataset provides an excellent opportunity to analyze the relationships between surface mass balance and dynamic response over time periods during which net mass balance changed from positive to negative. Following a positive specific-net-balance period between 1960 and 1981, the ablation zone experienced a large increase in thickness and ice-flow velocities. Conversely, the highly negative specific-net-balance period since 1982 has led to strong thinning, deceleration and retreat of the tongue. The response of these observed dynamics to surface mass balance is analyzed from ice-flux calculations performed on three transverse cross-sections. Our results reveal that the ice fluxes are largely accommodated by ice-flow velocities. Velocity fluctuations are synchronous over the entire area studied. In the largest part of the glacier, no compressing/extending flow change has been observed over the last 30 years and thickness changes are solely driven by surface mass-balance changes. However, on the tongue of the glacier, thickness changes do not depend on surface mass balance but are mainly driven by changes in the longitudinal strain rate.

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50

Gabbi, J., M. Huss, A. Bauder, F. Cao, and M. Schwikowski. "The impact of Saharan dust and black carbon on albedo and long-term glacier mass balance." Cryosphere Discussions 9, no. 1 (February 24, 2015): 1133–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-9-1133-2015.

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Abstract. Light-absorbing impurities in snow and ice control glacier melt as shortwave radiation represents the main component of the surface energy balance. Here, we investigate the long-term effect of snow impurities, i.e. Saharan dust and black carbon (BC), on albedo and glacier mass balance. The analysis was performed over the period 1914–2014 for two sites on Claridenfirn, Swiss Alps, where an outstanding 100 year record of seasonal mass balance measurements is available. Information on atmospheric deposition of mineral dust and BC over the last century was retrieved from two firn/ice cores of high-alpine sites. A combined mass balance and snow/firn layer model was employed to assess the dust/BC-albedo feedback. Compared to pure snow conditions, the presence of Saharan dust and BC lowered the mean annual albedo by 0.04–0.06 and increased melt by 15–19% on average depending on the location on the glacier. BC clearly dominated absorption which is about three times higher than that of mineral dust. The upper site has experienced mainly positive mass balances and impurity layers were continuously buried whereas at the lower site, surface albedo was more strongly influenced by re-exposure of dust-enriched layers due to frequent years with negative mass balances.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mass balance analysis'

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