Journal articles: 'Masonry'

1

Podosokorsky, Nikolay N. "Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Masonic Environment." Dostoevsky and World Culture. Philological journal, no. 3 (2021): 215–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2619-0311-2021-3-215-237.

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For the first time are here presented to Dostoevsky scholars new facts concerning the masonic environment of the writer, who starting from his education in Chermak’s boarding school in 1834-1837 cultivated close relations of friendship with masons, some of them initiated even in 1840s (Apollon Grigorev), when masonry in Russia was officially forbidden, but nevertheless underground meetings continued. Reasons are given in support to the hypothesis, expressed for the first time by Tatiana Kasatkina in the middle of 1990s, of the possibility for Dostoevsky to have been a mason during the 1840s. Whether or not, direct references to masons and masonic symbolic in Dostoevsky’s oeuvre are impossible to explain (Uncle’s Dream, The Humiliated and the Insulted, The Adolescent, The Brothers Karamazov) if one ignores his interest for masonic teaching.

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Podosokorsky, Nikolay N. "Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Masonic Environment." Dostoevsky and world culture. Philological journal, no. 3 (2021): 215–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2021-3-215-237.

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For the first time are here presented to Dostoevsky scholars new facts concerning the masonic environment of the writer, who starting from his education in Chermak’s boarding school in 1834-1837 cultivated close relations of friendship with masons, some of them initiated even in 1840s (Apollon Grigorev), when masonry in Russia was officially forbidden, but nevertheless underground meetings continued. Reasons are given in support to the hypothesis, expressed for the first time by Tatiana Kasatkina in the middle of 1990s, of the possibility for Dostoevsky to have been a mason during the 1840s. Whether or not, direct references to masons and masonic symbolic in Dostoevsky’s oeuvre are impossible to explain (Uncle’s Dream, The Humiliated and the Insulted, The Adolescent, The Brothers Karamazov) if one ignores his interest for masonic teaching.

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Kiyasov, S. E. "The Last Masons of the Russian Empire." Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 11, no. 2(2) (2011): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2011-11-2-2-40-45.

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The article studies the topical question of the masonry movement history in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. If particularly focuses on the activity of the political masonry, which participants were the heads of the leading parliamentary (The State Duma) parties. The author castigates the theory of “the Masonic plot” and makes the conclusion of the inevitable defeat of the Russian “free masons” in their pursuit for power.

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Berndtsson, Tim. "Frimureriets medier: Om 1700-talsfrimureriets mediering av hemligheter i tal, handskrift och tryck." Sjuttonhundratal 14 (December 19, 2017): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/4.4154.

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Masonic Media: On Mediation of Secrets in Speech, Handwriting and Print within Eighteenth Century Freemasonry.This article deals with 18th century Freemasonry as a platform for mediation of secrets. First it discusses different theoretical aspects that can be applied when studying the phenomenon of initiatory orders with communication in focus. But it also uses different masonic sources in order to investigate some of the techniques used to mediate secrets, most notably ciphers and hieroglyphs. Aligning myself with Linda Simonis’ system theoretical view of masonry, I show that masonry depended on a distinction between secret and disclosure in order to make new candidates pass from profane to initiate. In order to distribute – but also in a sense create – secrets, the masons made use of several techniques such as vows of silence, locked archives, ciphers and hieroglyphs which were used either to enclose information (at the level of the medium) or encode it (at the level of meaning). Through use of such techniques the masonic organisations – with their sharp borders between inside and outside – can itself be conceived as mediums for the “secret of masonry”. This in turn put masonry into opposition to the transparency ideal of the Enlightenment.

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Kiyasov, Sergey E. "Architects of New Masonry in England (1646–1723)." Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 23, no. 3 (August 22, 2023): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2023-23-3-350-356.

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The article is devoted to topical issues of the Masonic movement in England at the turn of the 17th–18th centuries. Particular attention is paid to the development of the New Masonry in England. The author analyzes the most pressing issues of the transformation of the national Masonic organization. The activities and views of the organizers of the New Masonry are considered.

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Yang, Xu, Mingming Jia, Bin Chi, Mingzhi Wang, and Jianfeng Zheng. "A Mesoscale Approach for Concrete Block Masonry." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (July 21, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5018645.

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A comprehensive understanding of the concrete block masonry’s mesostructure on its macroscopic mechanical behavior is meaningful for modern masonry. The mesoscale numerical method provides an extremely powerful analyzing tool for this problem. However, it is still difficult to analyze the mesomodel efficiently due to a large number of operating processes caused by the components’ nonlinear mechanical properties. An efficient finite-element-method-based mesoscale approach for concrete block masonry was introduced in this paper. The benchmark test results obtained show that this approach is able to simulate the concrete block masonry and analyze its failure. According to the simulation studies, a positive effect of mortar and concrete block strength on masonry compressive strength was obtained. Besides, an obvious nonlinear relationship between the masonry compressive strength and the mortar was also observed.

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Xu, Chun Yi, Ming Liu, and Bo Xu. "Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study on Compressive Performance of Autoclaved Fly Ash Perforated Brick Masonry Long Columns." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.704.

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To study the influence of slenderness on the compressive bearing capacity of autoclaved fly ash perforated brick masonry long columns and provide experimental evidences for making corresponding technical code, compression tests were conducted on 9 autoclaved fly ash perforated brick masonrys long columns of different slenderness. The damage patterns and compression performance are analyzed. The experimental results indicate that compressive capacity decreases proportionally as slenderness increases and the proposed formula of axial compressive bearing capacity for autoclaved fly ash perforated brick masonry columns is given. The nonlinear FEA program ANSYS is also adopted to simulate the behaviors of masonry columns. By comparing results find that the simulated results agree well with the test ones, the rationality and applicability of the model are verified.

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Li, Wen Yang, Chun Juan Pan, and Yu Ming Men. "Failure Models of Buildings Affected by Xi’an Ground Fissure." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 1513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.1513.

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Based on surveys of buildings passing through ground fissures, failure and deformation characteristics of buildings are analyzed. Failure models of buildings under the influence of Xi’an ground fissures are proposed. By means of the simulations on PLASIX, taking for the f6 of ground fissures in Xi’an city, the variations of stress field and displacement field of the overlying soil layer which the normal fault qualitative ground fissures lead to are studied. It separately calculated out of the variation of the features of deformation, when brick masonry, block masonry and stone masonry act as solely material of the building. The total, vertical and horizontal deformation of buildings built of stone masonry are the largest and brick masonry’s deformations are the smallest. It is suggested that materials with small gravity density should be used for building materials.

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Beconcini, Maria Luisa, Pietro Croce, Paolo Formichi, Filippo Landi, and Benedetta Puccini. "Experimental Evaluation of Shear Behavior of Stone Masonry Wall." Materials 14, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 2313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092313.

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The evaluation of the shear behavior of masonry walls is a first fundamental step for the assessment of existing masonry structures in seismic zones. However, due to the complexity of modelling experimental behavior and the wide variety of masonry types characterizing historical structures, the definition of masonry’s mechanical behavior is still a critical issue. Since the possibility to perform in situ tests is very limited and often conflicting with the needs of preservation, the characterization of shear masonry behavior is generally based on reference values of mechanical properties provided in modern structural codes for recurrent masonry categories. In the paper, a combined test procedure for the experimental characterization of masonry mechanical parameters and the assessment of the shear behavior of masonry walls is presented together with the experimental results obtained on three stone masonry walls. The procedure consists of a combination of three different in situ tests to be performed on the investigated wall. First, a single flat jack test is executed to derive the normal compressive stress acting on the wall. Then a double flat jack test is carried out to estimate the elastic modulus. Finally, the proposed shear test is performed to derive the capacity curve and to estimate the shear modulus and the shear strength. The first results obtained in the experimental campaign carried out by the authors confirm the capability of the proposed methodology to assess the masonry mechanical parameters, reducing the uncertainty affecting the definition of capacity curves of walls and consequently the evaluation of seismic vulnerability of the investigated buildings.

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Made Budiwati, Ida Ayu, and I. Ketut Sudarsana. "Flexural tests of masonry beam with and without reinforced bar." MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927601018.

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Behaviour of reinforced masonry has been studied experimentally to determine its strength potential. The increase in either compressive or tensile strength of masonry is possible due to the existence of rebar or wire mesh. The research is carried out to determine the effect of steel rebar on flexural strength of reinforced masonry beam using local brick. The square hollow masonry beams of 330x330mm with and without reinforced bar were tested in the laboratory to determine the load and deflection curves and bending strength. The rebar was located at the centre of beam’s cross section and left unbounded. Mechanical properties of masonry’s constitute were also determined. It was found that the flexural strength of beams with rebar of 22 mm diameter was greater 11 times than that of beam without rebar. However, that strength was only 1.6 times due to the weaker end connections of the beam to the rebar. Flexural strength of reinforced masonry beam with 22 mm rebar was greater 2.7 times compared to the beam using a rebar diameter of 16 mm.

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Mohd, Sayang Syazanna Raf’ee, Mohd Shahir Liew, Noor Amila Wan Abdullah Zawaw, Syed Ahmad Farhan, and Nasir Shafiq. "Green-Building-Index-Assessment-Criteria-Based Comparative Evaluation of Interlocking Blocks as an Alternative to Conventional Masonry for Residential Buildings in Malaysia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 945, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/945/1/012071.

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Abstract Major residential construction projects adopt clay bricks as masonry, which can contribute to high carbon emission, primarily due to their high embodied carbon. Furthermore, the adoption of conventional masonry, including clay bricks, may lead to the use of high amounts of mortar and contribute to a lot of wastage. Therefore, an alternative system that can potentially replace conventional masonry is required to reduce the wastage as well as carbon emission. Interlocking blocks, which adopt a lock and key system has the potential to replace conventional masonry as they employ locally available materials, save construction time, use less mortar and are less dependent on highly skilled masons. In view of their potential, the adoption of interlocking blocks in residential buildings were evaluated comparatively to conventional masonry, namely clay and cement sand bricks, based on the Green Building Index Assessment Criteria for Residential New Construction (GBI-RNC) tool. Overall Thermal Transfer Values of test models that employed conventional masonry and interlocking blocks were calculated. Approximately, based on the GBI-RNC tool, with an increase of 17-18 points achieved from the EE, MR and IN criteria, a Silver rating can be achieved with the adoption of interlocking blocks.

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Kiyasov, Sergej. "At the Origins of the Masonic Phenomenon: Freemasons in the English State of 15th — 17th Centuries." ISTORIYA 13, no. 1 (111) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840018878-4.

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The author considers the crisis events of medieval craft structures in England. The focus of his attention is the modernization of guilds and liveried companies of masons-builders. The analysis was carried out using special sources and scientific literature. This allowed us to draw a number of important conclusions. It is noted that the crisis processes observed in the economy of England of the 15—17th Centuries had a decisive influence on the evolution of the guild institution. These structures, in particular, construction guilds received the status of liveried companies. Subsequently, the craft Masonry of England was transformed into an enlightenment community. The study showed that his ideology provided for the allegorical use of building craft symbols. In particular, members of the Royal Society in London are named the project’s inspirers. Its main goal is the “construction” of a new society, religion and the formation of a new man. The author also emphasizes that the phenomenon of new Masonry should not be associated with the activities of a secret organization. In his opinion, the initial stage in the history of the Masonry in England should be associated with the influence of the Freemasonry of Scotland. However, at the beginning of the 18th Century, the intellectual elite of England managed to seize the initiative. The intellectual elite was the first to establish the work of the transnational structures of the new Masonic movement.

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Irimia, C. M., and R. Sofronie. "Original masonry versus advanced masonry." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 664, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 012076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/664/1/012076.

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14

Melbourne, C., and H. W. H. West. "Masonry." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings 140, no. 2 (May 2000): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stbu.2000.140.2.189.

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15

Lewicki, B. "Masonry." Batiment International, Building Research and Practice 17, no. 5 (September 1989): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01823328908726992.

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Handayani, Elvira, and Annisaa Dwiretnani. "KAJIAN PRODUKTIVITAS TUKANG BATU TERHADAP BEBAN KERJA DAN WAKTU ISTIRAHAT PADA PEKERJAAN KONSTRUKSI BANGUNAN." Jurnal Civronlit Unbari 2, no. 2 (January 25, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/civronlit.v2i2.17.

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Productivity becomes a dominant issue in the construction services industry. High productivity will result in efficient use of resources and cost savings, so that construction companies will achieve adequate profit and have a high competitiveness (competitiveness). Labor productivity can be affected by the energy it consumes and the regular schedule of rest breaks. Rest is needed to restore the physical and mental fitness of the workforce. This research was conducted on 37 masons of building construction work. The work under study is a masonry job. The results showed that age, education, and experience did not significantly affect the productivity. Break time masons, in the form of stolen breaks and management factors, quite a lot ie 1 to 6 minutes per observation (30 minutes). Based on heart rate examination, there is a decrease in productivity in the afternoon. But the mason has not been exhausted yet. So it can be concluded that the amount of break time stolen by the mason in the middle of work greatly affects the stamina of the mason.Keyword : masons, Rest time, Productivity

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Zucca, Marco, Nicola Longarini, Marco Simoncelli, and Aly Mousaad Aly. "Tuned Mass Damper Design for Slender Masonry Structures: A Framework for Linear and Nonlinear Analysis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 11, 2021): 3425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083425.

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The paper presents a proposed framework to optimize the tuned mass damper (TMD) design, useful for seismic improvement of slender masonry structures. A historical masonry chimney located in northern Italy was considered to illustrate the proposed TMD design procedure and to evaluate the seismic performance of the system. The optimization process was subdivided into two fundamental phases. In the first phase, the main TMD parameters were defined starting from the dynamic behavior of the chimney by finite element modeling (FEM). A series of linear time-history analyses were carried out to point out the structural improvements in terms of top displacement, base shear, and bending moment. In the second phase, masonry’s nonlinear behavior was considered, and a fiber model of the chimney was implemented. Pushover analyses were performed to obtain the capacity curve of the structure and to evaluate the performance of the TMD. The results of the linear and nonlinear analysis reveal the effectiveness of the proposed TMD design procedure for slender masonry structures.

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Qin, Kai, Wen Fang Zhang, and Li Jun Niu. "Analysis of Brick Wall’s Failure Modes under Earthquake Effect." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 1066–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.1066.

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Brick wall has large lateral sidesway stiffness and shear failure often occurs under horizontal earthquake effect, but the scourge surveys indicate that flexural failure can also occurs sometimes. Given that there are still few researches about masonry’s failure modes in China, Finite Element Models of non-reinforced brick masonry with different Depth-width Ratios and reinforced brick masonry whose Depth-width Ratio is 1.444 are established with the help of MSC.MARC to analyze its failure mode under horizontal action. The researching results indicate that: The larger the Depth-width Ratio of non-reinforced brick masonry is, the more flexural components it has and the better its ductility is; the smaller its Depth-width Ratio is, the larger the D-value of Bottom Shear and Ultimate Shear Bearing Capacity according to formulas from code before damage, and thereby the more easily the shear failure takes place; however, the ductility of brick wall’s flexural failure is improved evidently through making reasonable reinforcement schemes.

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Eshed, Eli, and Daniel Galily. "The First Hebrew Detective, David Tidhar, as a Freemason." Open Journal for Studies in Philosophy 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojsp.0702.02027e.

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This article is about David Tidhar. He is an important character in Israeli History, the Hebrew first private detective who had become the first hero of Hebrew detective fiction and historian who was also an important Mason and a historian of Masonry in the land of Israel. The main points in the article are: Introduction. David Tidhar as the first Hebrew private detective; David Tidhar as the first Hebrew detective in the British Mandatory Palestine Police; His character in Hebrew Detective fiction at the beginning of the 20th century; The villain from Corfu; David Tidhar as a member of a secret fraternities; Barkai Lodge of Freemasons in Israel; David Tidhar as a member of Barkai Masonic Lodge; Conclusion.

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Putra, Alfien Hernanda, and Ade Okvianti Irlan. "Structure Behavior and Performance from Unconfined Masonry and Confined Masonry Building Design." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 27, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 296–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v27i2.33561.

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Many buildings in Indonesia were damaged during the earthquake, especially non-engineered brick walls building. One example of non-engineered brick walls building is Bendung Village Head Office in Serang, Banten, which was damaged by the 2019 Pandeglang earthquake. This building was built without reinforced concrete beams and columns known as unconfined masonry buildings. In this study, the building will be redesigned with ETABS software to determine the similarities between the structural weaknesses from ETABS and the actual damage. The results of the structural analysis give a time period of 0.814 seconds, a base shear force of 195.5 kN, and a stress on the wall that is 50% similar to the real damage. Then, the same building was designed following the rules and regulations for earthquake resistant buildings in Indonesia so that it became a confined masonry building. The result is a time period of 1.586 seconds, a base shear force of 114.2 kN, and a brick wall that is not damaged when exposed to earthquake loads. However, the dimensions and reinforcement of beams and columns that comply with the minimum requirements for earthquake resistant buildings in Indonesia need to be enlarged because their strength capacity is exceeded by the working load.

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Pavoni, Gaia, Francesca Giuliani, Anna De Falco, Massimiliano Corsini, Federico Ponchio, Marco Callieri, and Paolo Cignoni. "On Assisting and Automatizing the Semantic Segmentation of Masonry Walls." Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage 15, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3477400.

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In Architectural Heritage, the masonry’s interpretation is an essential instrument for analysing the construction phases, the assessment of structural properties, and the monitoring of its state of conservation. This work is generally carried out by specialists that, based on visual observation and their knowledge, manually annotate ortho-images of the masonry generated by photogrammetric surveys. This results in vector thematic maps segmented according to their construction technique (isolating areas of homogeneous materials/structure/texture or each individual constituting block of the masonry) or state of conservation, including degradation areas and damaged parts. This time-consuming manual work, often done with tools that have not been designed for this purpose, represents a bottleneck in the documentation and management workflow and is a severely limiting factor in monitoring large-scale monuments (e.g., city walls). This article explores the potential of AI-based solutions to improve the efficiency of masonry annotation in Architectural Heritage. This experimentation aims at providing interactive tools that support and empower the current workflow, benefiting from specialists’ expertise.

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Zigmund, Viačeslav, Jurgita Antuchevičienė, and Darius Migilinskas. "ANALYSIS OF THE BIM-M DATA MODEL APPLICATION." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 13 (January 26, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2021.13797.

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The article analyses implementation of BIM-M (Building Information Modeling for Masonry) into the BIM (Building Information Modeling) project to ensure the preparation of the masonry project. The BIM-M model consists of a masonry database, a masonry unit model, a masonry unit database model, and masonry unit model definition and BIM masonry wall definition model. The case study proposes a BIM-M model for cavity wall, masonry structures involving project stakeholders and ensuring the exchange of information at the design stage CAD (Computer Aided Design) with the ability to transfer information to other life cycles CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) and CAE (Computer Aided Engineering).

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Hao, Tong, and Dong Li. "Study on the Basic Mechanical Properties of Recycled Concrete Hollow Block Masonry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.749.

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By the experimental studying on the basic mechanical properties of recycled concrete hollow block masonry, the compressive and shear behavior of recycled aggregate concrete hollow block masonry under different mortar strength were analyzed. Research indicated that the compressive and shear behavior of recycled aggregate concrete hollow block masonry was similar to that of ordinary concrete hollow block masonry. The normal formula was recommended to calculate the compressive strength of the masonry. The shear strength of the masonry was affected by the mortar strength. The shear strength calculation formula of recycled concrete hollow block masonry was proposed according to the formula of masonry design code. The calculating results were in good agreement with the test results.

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Vejvara, Ludek, and Jan Pasek. "Reliability of Masonry Structures According to the Contemporary Computational Procedures." Advanced Materials Research 1020 (October 2014): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.113.

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Masonry structures are widely spread type of constructions with long history not only in Central Europe. Current modern masonry is however quite different from traditional masonry made from stone or bricks. Development of new modern technologies of construction and materials as well as the societal and environmental requirements have influenced masonry in last decades to such extend that nowadays the masonry structures are made from very sophisticated masonry elements of wide range of characteristics. This naturally leads to changes in proposed procedures which have to take into account significantly different parameters both of the masonry as well as the material and also the masonry structures as the whole in interaction with other parts of the buildings.

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Lin, Kun, Yuri Z. Totoev, and Hong Jun Liu. "In-Plane Cyclic Test on Framed Dry-Stack Masonry Panel." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 3899–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.3899.

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A new masonry system has been developed to improve the seismic behaviour of RC frame with masonry panels. In this system dry-stack masonry panels are built with masonry units capable of sliding in-plane of a panel. These masonry panels have reduced in-plane stiffness but increased frictional energy dissipation capacity compared with the traditional masonry panels. Under seismic or wind loads these panels do not detrimentally interfere with natural RC frame response but rather positively contribute to it mainly by increasing dumping. A cyclic test has been performed to evaluate the behaviour of this masonry system. Test results demonstrate that the new system can improve the seismic behaviour of RC frame structures with masonry panels.

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Sen, Debasish, Fatema Tuz Zahura, Anik Das, Hamood Alwashali, Md Shafiul Islam, Masaki Maeda, Matsutaro Seki, and Muhammad Abdur Rahman Bhuiyan. "A comparative investigation on experimental lateral behaviour of bare RC frame, non-strengthened and ferrocement strengthened masonry infilled RC frame." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 57, no. 2 (June 2, 2024): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.1656.

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Although concrete framed structures are widely used with masonry infills, the contribution of masonry infills in structural design is limited to their dead loads only. Therefore, the full-fledged stiffness characteristics of masonry infill are not often considered. However, recent earthquakes showed the impact of masonry infill on the lateral behavior of surrounding RC frames. Moreover, sometimes existing masonry infills are strengthened using Ferrocement (FC), Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM), Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP), etc., which might also have a similar impact on surrounding RC frames. The impact includes enhanced shear demand, damage, etc. However, the effect of the enhanced shear demand on RC columns is a relatively less investigated issue. In this context, an experimental program was designed to compare the effect of non-strengthened and FC strengthened masonry infill on the behavior of the surrounding RC frame in terms of lateral strength, hinge formation, shear demand enhancement, and damage to columns. The test specimens, including a bare RC frame, a masonry infilled RC frame, and a FC strengthened masonry infilled RC frame, were subjected to a quasi-static cyclic lateral loads. The experimental result showed that the masonry infill and FC strengthened masonry infill increased lateral strength, on average, by 81% and 244%, respectively, when compared to that of the bare RC frame. Meanwhile, FC strengthening of masonry infill improved the lateral strength, on average, by 90% when compared with the masonry infilled RC frame’s lateral strength. In this study, low-strength masonry infill caused the formation of a short column on the tension column of the RC frame. The application of ferrocement to low-strength masonry altered the position of the plastic hinge formed on the tension column of the RC frame when compared to that of the masonry infilled RC frame. Therefore, ferrocement strengthening of masonry eliminated the short column phenomenon in this particular study. Nevertheless, the shear demand (in terms of strain on the column tie) enhancement of the tension column was not substantial due to the ferrocement strengthening of the masonry infill when compared to that of the masonry infilled RC frame. Moreover, the damage concentration on RC columns (i.e., residual crack width) after insertion of masonry infill and ferrocement strengthened masonry infill changed to a smaller extent when compared to the bare RC frame damages, where the residual crack widths were within 1.0 ~ 2.0 mm.

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Murty, C. V. R., Jaswant N. Arlekar, Durgesh C. Rai, H. B. Udasi, and Debashish Nayak. "Masonry Structures." Earthquake Spectra 18, no. 1_suppl (July 2002): 187–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2803912.

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Phipps, M. E. "Prestressed masonry." Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials 2, no. 3 (2000): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1528-2716(200007/09)2:3<304::aid-pse37>3.0.co;2-0.

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Zhai, Chuan Ming, Qing Hua Han, Yan Lu, and Rui Jin. "Research on Safety Inspection of Electric Cable Tunnel with Masonry Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 1423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.1423.

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According to inspection and assessment technology and method for the ground masonry structure, this paper presents the inspection method and results for an electric cable tunnel with masonry structure. The contents of the inspection include masonry bricks strength grading, masonry mortars strength grading, concrete strength for crest slab, reinforcement of crest slab and appearance of masonry structure. And the technologies for identification are introduced. Therefore, the key problems for safety inspection of electric cable tunnel with masonry structure are solved. The inspection items, process and identification technologies presented in this paper are effective and applicable for electric cable tunnel with masonry structure.

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Klingner, Richard E., P. Benson Shing, W. Mark McGinley, David I. McLean, Hussein Okail, Seongwoo Jo, J. Farny, W. Behie, and S. W. Dean. "Seismic Performance Tests of Masonry and Masonry Veneer." Journal of ASTM International 7, no. 3 (2010): 102740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai102740.

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Sokolov, B. S., and A. B. Antakov. "The results of masonry and reinforced masonry research." Vestnik MGSU, no. 3 (March 2014): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2014.3.99-106.

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Cui, Shi Qi, Xu Wen Kong, Xin Wang, and Ming Liang Yang. "Experimental Study about Testing Masonry Shear Strength with Drilled Core Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 1241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.1241.

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Key technology of testing masonry shear strength with core drilling method is that standard shear strength of masonry is determined from the shear strength of masonry core sample, while current code or specification has not provided the corresponding calculating formula. To investigate their relationship, a series of tests have been carried out. Existing test result analysis shows that standard shear strength of masonry and shear strength of masonry core sample are closely related. By means of testing data regression analysis, this work can establish the relationship formula between shear strength of single core sample and standard shear strength of masonry. This Technology can be suitable both to traditional masonry structure and to new wall materials masonry structure, especially to seismic appraiser and reinforcement calculation of masonry structure. This technology can support scientific basis to quality examination and assessment of new wall materials and analysis of engineering quality accident.

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Covatariu, Daniel, Mihai Budescu, Nicolae Ţăranu, Irina Lungu, and Ionut Ovidiu Toma. "Procedures and Techniques Used to Increase the Durability of Weak Masonries with Clay Mortars." Advanced Engineering Forum 8-9 (June 2013): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.8-9.243.

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For the past decades the importance of structural rehabilitation of historical buildings, in order to preserve the cultural heritage, has increased considerably. The weak masonry (made from bricks and bounded with low-strength mortars) were created using mortars which, depending on different external factors, were degraded and there are necessary urgent rehabilitation interventions in order to assure the masonrys durability by protecting the joints with new, compatible and reversible materials and techniques (according to Venice charter requirements). In order to increase the durability characteristics of the weak masonry, the design and application techniques of some particular materials and solutions used will be considered in present paper. The used procedures are based on joints reinforcing using fibre reinforced mortar (fibres made of steel, carbon and glass). The test results have revealed a significant improvement of the structural response and a noticeable increased durability depending on the materials and techniques used.

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Smilović Zulim, M., and J. Radnić. "Anisotropy Effect of Masonry on the Behaviour and Bearing Capacity of Masonry Walls." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (February 19, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5676901.

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Firstly, an updated numerical model for the numerical analysis of planar unreinforced and confined masonry walls is presented. The model can simulate the main nonlinear material effects of masonry and reinforced concrete. A simplified anisotropic constitutive model for masonry is developed and presented. The criteria for the limit bearing capacity and collapse of masonry are separately defined for normal stresses only and for normal and shear stresses. The presented numerical model is verified and used to analyse the anisotropy effect of masonry on the behaviour of unreinforced and confined two-story anisotropic masonry walls with different coefficients of anisotropy, wall lengths, and quality of masonry under horizontal static forces. The influence of the anisotropy coefficient of the masonry on the response of the walls is discussed in detail, and the main conclusions are given.

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Stara, Marie, and Martina Janulikova. "Experimental Measurements of Prestressed Masonry with using Sliding Joint." Transactions of the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Civil Engineering Series. 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tvsb-2014-0012.

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Abstract Contribution deals with experimental measurements of deformations in the place exposed to local load caused by additional pre-stressing. The measurements are made at the masonry corner built in the laboratory equipment. The laboratory equipment was designed at Faculty of Civil Engineering VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava for measurement tri-axial stress-strain conditions in masonry. In this masonry corner two pre-stressing bars are placed. These bars are in different height and are anchored to the anchor plates, which transfer pre-stressing forces to the masonry. The specimen for laboratory testing is performed in the proportion to the reality of 1:1. In the bottom part masonry is inserted asphalt strip. It operates in the masonry like a sliding joint and reduces the shear stress at interface between concrete and masonry structures. The results are compared with the results of masonry without the use of sliding joints, including comment on the effect of sliding joints on the pre-stressing masonry structures.

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Bruneau, Michel, and Koji Yoshimura. "Damage to masonry buildings caused by the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe, Japan) earthquake." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 3 (June 1, 1996): 797–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-889.

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The seismic performance of the few masonry structures present in the Kobe area and subjected to the severe Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake is a minor concern when compared to the overwhelming damage suffered by other types of structures. However, in order to dispel the myth that masonry structures are nonexistent in Japan as well as a few other misconceptions, and for the sake of completeness within the concerted multipaper reporting effort on the Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake by the Canadian reconnaissance team which visited the epicentral area of this earthquake, a brief description of the past and present state of masonry construction in Japan is first presented, followed by a short description of the damage to unreinforced masonry buildings, masonry garden-walls, and nonstructural masonry elements, as observed by the authors during their visits to the Kobe area. Key words: earthquake, seismic, masonry, buildings, bearing walls, unreinforced masonry, reinforced masonry, failures, design codes.

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Zeng, Bowen, and Yong Li. "Towards Performance-Based Design of Masonry Buildings: Literature Review." Buildings 13, no. 6 (June 15, 2023): 1534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13061534.

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Masonry is among the most widely used construction materials around the world. Contemporary masonry buildings are primarily designed to comply with prescriptive building code regulations. In recent decades, performance-based design (PBD) has gained increasing attention and achieved significant success in critical structures or infrastructure systems. Instead of being the first mover, the masonry research and practice community can be a faster follower in response to the design paradigm shift towards PBD for masonry buildings. A reliable performance assessment of masonry buildings is of paramount importance in the PBD framework. To facilitate this, this paper presents an up-to-date comprehensive literature review of experimental and analytical studies with emphasis on their contributions to advancement towards performance assessment of masonry buildings. This review categorized available works into two sub-topics: (1) traditional unreinforced masonry and (2) modern reinforced masonry. In each sub-topic, studies focusing on the structural behaviors of masonry at the component-level (i.e., masonry wall) are discussed first, followed by the building system-level-related studies. Through this literature review, the current state of the art and remaining research gaps are identified to provide guidance for future research needs and to pave the way for implementing PBD in the masonry industry.

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Richterova, Kristyna, Pavel Heinrich, Jan Harš, and Petr Bíly. "Aspects Affecting the Quality of Masonry Buildings and Innovations in Masonry." Key Engineering Materials 976 (March 18, 2024): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-zun5wb.

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The construction industry is undergoing another revolution, including the field of masonry construction. New materials and products for masonry are constantly being developed and construction details and implementation procedures are being resolved. Digitization and the introduction of automation in the masonry process (in prefabrication halls or on-site robotic bricklaying) are also an integral part of the development of the masonry construction industry. The topic of the following paper is a summary of problematic construction details of masonry buildings, i.e., the solution of the plinth console, the solution of the building opening, the bearing of lintels on the masonry and the bearing of the ceiling structure on the masonry wall. The results of laboratory tests are presented – the load-bearing capacity of the jamb of the building opening (accessory bricks / cut bricks in the jamb) and the load-bearing capacity of the lintel placed on the accessory edge brick. Furthermore, the paper deals with the construction of masonry buildings in the 21st century, including the first results of a compressive load test on masonry walls made of precast small-format units. The conclusion of the paper points out the importance of correct design details of masonry buildings before their application (programming) in software controlling the automated masonry process.

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Wang, Shu Hong, Yong Bin Zhang, Chun An Tang, and Lian Chong Li. "Numerical Study on Cracking Process of Masonry Structure." Advanced Materials Research 9 (September 2005): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.9.117.

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Masonry structure is heterogeneous and has been widely used in building and construction engineering. The study on cracking pattern of masonry structure is significant to engineering design. Many previous investigations on the failure process of masonry structure are usually based on the homogenization technique by selecting a typical unit of masonry to serve as a representative volume. This kind of numerical analysis neglects the mesoscopic heterogeneous structure, which cannot capture the full cracking process of masonry structures. The cracking process of masonry structure is dominantly affected by its heterogeneous internal structures. In this paper, a mesoscopic mechanical model of masonry material is developed to simulate the behavior of masonry structure. Considering the heterogeneity of masonry material, based on the damage mechanics and elastic-brittle theory, the new developed Material Failure Process Analysis (MFPA2D) system was put forward to simulate the cracking process of masonry structure, which was considered as a two-phase composite of block and mortar phases. The crack propagation processes simulated with this model shows good agreement with those of experimental observations. The numerical results show that numerical analysis clearly reflect the modification, transference and their interaction of the stress field and damage evolution process which are difficult to achieve by physical experiments. It provides a new method to research the forecast theory of failure and seismicity of masonry. It has been found that the fracture of masonry observed at the macroscopic level is predominantly caused by tensile damage at the mesoscopic level.

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Sayed-Ahmed, Ezzeldin Y., Nigel G. Shrive, and Dan Tilleman. "Creep deformation of clay masonry structures: a parametric study." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l97-026.

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When loads are applied to a masonry structure, viscoelastic behaviour is exhibited where the response can be divided into two distinct parts: an instantaneous elastic part and a time-dependent part. With the change in masonry construction during the last century, the latter portion of the response is becoming more important in the design of masonry structures. The effects of mortar type, stress level, age at loading, moisture condition, and masonry strength on the creep behaviour of clay masonry structures are examined. The results of a continuing experimental programme, begun in 1988, were used to evaluate the variations in specific creep of clay masonry with the different parameters considered. The test setup and the effect of moisture content on the creep behaviour of clay masonry are also described briefly.Key words: masonry, creep, specific creep, creep ratio, mortar type, moisture condition.

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Hu, Da Lin, Long Gang Chen, and Feng Chen. "Test Study of Compressive Strength of High-Strength Stone Masonry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3794–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3794.

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Stone masonry with micro-aggregate concrete joints has been widely used in long span arch bridges in China. However, the mechanical properties of this kind of high-strength masonry have been seldom studied. This paper presents compressive strength test study of eight groups of masonry specimens, which consist of C30 or C40 micro-aggregate concrete joints and five kinds of dressed stone blocks. The masonry mechanical behavior is described and test results are analyzed. An empiric formula of the masonry compressive strength is obtained. Finally, design value of masonry compressive strength is assessed and discussed.

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WITZANY, Jiří, Tomáš ČEJKA, Miroslav SÝKORA, and Milan HOLICKÝ. "ASSESSMENT OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF HISTORIC MIXED MASONRY." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 22, no. 3 (September 14, 2015): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.914088.

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The majority of load-bearing masonry structures of historic buildings are built of mixed or stone masonry composed of regular or irregular (so-called quarry) masonry units – bricks, sedimentary and metamorphic rock – possessing often very different physical and mechanical characteristics. The identification of residual mechanical properties of stone or mixed masonry of irregular walling units requires the application of a suitable diagnostic method, the assessment of the phase of degradation processes and the choice of an appropriate probabilistic model for the strength of mixed masonry. The presented experimental research involves the analysis of the heterogeneity (homogeneity) of mixed masonry of a church from the 17th century. The probabilistic model for masonry strength is developed on the basis of destructive and non-destructive testing of masonry units and mortar. It appears that the probabilistic approach leads to a design value by 75% higher than the deterministic approach.

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Yuan, Zhi Ren, Li Jun Dou, and Wang Tan. "Comparative Experiment Research on Mechanical Performance between Sintered Hollow Block Infilled Insulation Masonry and Sintered Perforated Brick Masonry under Vertical and Horizontal Load." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 1100–1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.1100.

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This paper analyses the stress state of sintered hollow block infilled insulation masonry under practical conditions. Based on the fact that the static loading performance of the new masonry block can be used in masonry structure, the comparative experiment research focused on the seismic performance between masonry works made of the new block and traditional sintered perforated brick with horizontal and vertical load working simultaneously, damage regulars and corrective measures are key points. Results show the mechanical performance of the new block masonry is worse than sintered perforated brick masonry in fragility and vertical loading capability. To get the same mechanical performance, the new block masonry should be improved in rib width, rib number and distance, especially in restraint by construction columns and ring beams.

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Qazi, Ahmad, and Ashish Kumar. "Dynamic Analysis of Confined Masonry Structures for Residential Buildings under Seismic Conditions." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 1664–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40967.

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Abstract: In India, unreinforced brick masonry and reinforced cement concrete are the go-to technologies when it comes to construction of modern residential buildings, with the design applications ranging from one-story nuclear family houses to multi-story apartment buildings housing several families. However, each major natural disaster in India has exposed several ‘chinks in the armour’ linked to both of these widely employed construction techniques. Enter confined masonry. Confined masonry offers a substitute to both, unreinforced brick masonry and reinforced concrete framed residential buildings for applications in disaster prone areas of the world while keeping the cost under check and optimizing the structural performance. Confined masonry has evolved over the last century through an informal process based on its satisfactory performance in past, mostly in countries with high seismic activity like Indonesia, Mexico and Turkey. It is used for both non-engineered and engineered construction as its field applications range from one-story single-family dwellings to six-story apartment buildings. Some countries have even adopted design provisions and construction guidelines for confined masonry in their building codes. The success and implementation of building technologies is totally dependent on the local conditions like the availability and cost of building materials, the skill level of construction labour and the availability of construction tools and equipment. The fact that confined masonry construction looks similar to reinforced frame construction with masonry infill walls and that it uses the same components, i.e., masonry infills, tie-beams and tie-columns, helps in an easy transition to adopt confined masonry. Although confined masonry construction practice doesn’t require any advanced construction equipment or an extra skillset, it is necessary to lay emphasis on the quality of the construction for its satisfactory performance. Hence, to optimize the quality of confined masonry structures, this thesis employs the use of a modern easy-to-learn-and-use structural software known as ETABS. Keywords: Confined Masonry, RCC Frame, Unreinforced Brick Masonry, ETABS, Seismic Performance.

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Vejvara, Luděk. "The Effects of Floor Structures on the Masonry Walls of Multistorey Building." Solid State Phenomena 322 (August 9, 2021): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.322.117.

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In this contribution, the determination of loading forces in the joint of the floor structure and masonry is presented. The point is a subject being accompanied by designing multistorey masonry buildings.The problem of this apparently simple assignment is not so much a calculation of values from characteristic loading of both floors and walls or an actual numerical calculation of masonry carrying capacity, but a correct stipulation of the resultant force location at the spot under the floor structure.In the paper, the resting types of reinforced concrete floor structure on the masonry, influences on the resultant force magnitude, its position to the mid-masonry and consequences for the masonry construction design. The resting examples of floor structures, exhibitions of calculation, and schemas are given. Auxiliary tables and charts to specify the moments in the head of masonry were made up. In conclusion, a recommendation to the optimal span of floor structure destined for masonry construction is stated.

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Joanna, Kujda. "Analysis of limit state of load resistance and reliability of masonry structures made of AAC blocks." MATEC Web of Conferences 262 (2019): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926202001.

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The paper presents analysis of limit state of bearing capacity and reliability of masonry structures. A masonry made of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) with mortar for thin-layer joints was proposed. The basic calculations were carried out using the procedures available in the Eurocodes. A comprehensive analysis of the work of the masonry element was carried out. The numerical FEM model of the masonry member was made. A quantitative assessment of the safety of the structure was made by calculating the reliability index. During numerical simulation three parameter elastic-plastic model for material of masonry was used. All parameters were based on material experimental results. The analysis of masonry reliability was carried out using the probabilistic method. Masonry elements are widely used in construction, therefore their design should be based on a detailed analysis. Noteworthy is class execution of works of masonry structures and relatively high values of safety coefficient associated with it.

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Partene, Eva, Luminita Fekete-Nagy, and V. Stoian. "Evaluation Of Shear Capacity For Brick Masonry Walls." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 5, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jaes-2015-0009.

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Abstract The papers presents the results of an experimental program and provides valuable information regarding the behaviour of structural masonry walls built up using ceramic blocks with hollows, which represents a very common system for low-rise residential buildings, up to 4 stories, depending on the seismic acceleration on site. A number of six masonry walls where tested in bear state being subjected to constant vertical loading and to cyclic in-plane horizontal loads. The main objective was to determine the shear capacity for unreinforced masonry walls and reinforced masonry walls. The experimental results were also useful to determine the contribution of the reinforcing of the masonry walls with concrete columns. The comparison between unreinforced masonry and reinforced masonry has a great importance due to the fact that the Romanian Seismic Standards have imposed the reinforcement in seismic areas for building with more than 1 storey. Further studies will be conducted on strengthening the masonry walls using FRP materials.

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Choi, Kyoung-Kyu, Shelley L. Lissel, and Mahmoud M. Reda Taha. "Rheological modelling of masonry creepThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on Masonry." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 11 (November 2007): 1506–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l07-062.

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In the present study, masonry creep was experimentally investigated. Creep tests were performed on masonry prisms, which were produced using standard fired clay brick and standard Type S mortar. A total of 11 sets of loaded and unloaded masonry specimens were tested under sustained load with three main parameters: stress level, masonry age at loading, and relative humidity. The unloaded prisms compensated for the effects of shrinkage. In this article, the ability of a number of rheological models reported in the literature are examined for their ability to predict masonry creep. Moreover, a new rheological model, one that considers the effect of stress level and masonry age at loading, is proposed. The system parameters of the proposed model were identified using the experimental data. The proposed model was then validated using masonry creep data that was reported by other researchers, but not used in model development. It is shown that the creep behaviour of masonry can be modelled with good accuracy using the proposed rheological model.

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Shrestha, Jagat Kumar, and Sujit Bhandari. "A Model for In-Plane Capacity of Multi-Leaf Stone Masonry Walls." Journal of Engineering 2020 (February 7, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4028675.

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Masonry walls with distinct layers, known as multi-leaf masonry walls, are prevalent in many regions of the world including ancient architecture in Europe and new construction in the Himalayan region of South Asia. This paper presents a model for determining the capacity of multi-leaf stone masonry wall from its physical and mechanical parameters. For the study, a “Standard Wall” with typical properties of a multi-leaf stone masonry wall is defined and the capacity of the stone masonry wall is studied varying different physical and mechanical parameters of the wall to explore an analytical model that can represent the capacity of multi-leaf stone masonry. 300 models of multi-leaf stone masonry panels are analysed in ANSYS, and the capacity and displacement parameters are extracted by bilinearization of the pushover curve. As a result, a mathematical model between the capacity of a multi-leaf stone masonry wall and physical and mechanical properties is established.

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Foraboschi, Paolo. "Masonry does not limit itself to only one structural material: Interlocked masonry versus cohesive masonry." Journal of Building Engineering 26 (November 2019): 100831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100831.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Masonry'

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