Journal articles: 'Masonry walls'

1

Stockbridge, Jerry G. "Repointing Masonry Walls." APT Bulletin 21, no. 1 (1989): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1504217.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Sartaji, Parisa, Abdoreza S. Moghadam, and Mohsen Ghafory Ashtiany. "Interaction of masonry walls and shear walls in masonry buildings." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings 171, no. 3 (March 2018): 226–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.16.00136.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Beconcini, Maria Luisa, Pietro Croce, Paolo Formichi, Filippo Landi, and Benedetta Puccini. "Experimental Evaluation of Shear Behavior of Stone Masonry Wall." Materials 14, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 2313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092313.

Full text

Abstract:

The evaluation of the shear behavior of masonry walls is a first fundamental step for the assessment of existing masonry structures in seismic zones. However, due to the complexity of modelling experimental behavior and the wide variety of masonry types characterizing historical structures, the definition of masonry’s mechanical behavior is still a critical issue. Since the possibility to perform in situ tests is very limited and often conflicting with the needs of preservation, the characterization of shear masonry behavior is generally based on reference values of mechanical properties provided in modern structural codes for recurrent masonry categories. In the paper, a combined test procedure for the experimental characterization of masonry mechanical parameters and the assessment of the shear behavior of masonry walls is presented together with the experimental results obtained on three stone masonry walls. The procedure consists of a combination of three different in situ tests to be performed on the investigated wall. First, a single flat jack test is executed to derive the normal compressive stress acting on the wall. Then a double flat jack test is carried out to estimate the elastic modulus. Finally, the proposed shear test is performed to derive the capacity curve and to estimate the shear modulus and the shear strength. The first results obtained in the experimental campaign carried out by the authors confirm the capability of the proposed methodology to assess the masonry mechanical parameters, reducing the uncertainty affecting the definition of capacity curves of walls and consequently the evaluation of seismic vulnerability of the investigated buildings.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Partene, Eva, Luminita Fekete-Nagy, and V. Stoian. "Evaluation Of Shear Capacity For Brick Masonry Walls." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 5, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jaes-2015-0009.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The papers presents the results of an experimental program and provides valuable information regarding the behaviour of structural masonry walls built up using ceramic blocks with hollows, which represents a very common system for low-rise residential buildings, up to 4 stories, depending on the seismic acceleration on site. A number of six masonry walls where tested in bear state being subjected to constant vertical loading and to cyclic in-plane horizontal loads. The main objective was to determine the shear capacity for unreinforced masonry walls and reinforced masonry walls. The experimental results were also useful to determine the contribution of the reinforcing of the masonry walls with concrete columns. The comparison between unreinforced masonry and reinforced masonry has a great importance due to the fact that the Romanian Seismic Standards have imposed the reinforcement in seismic areas for building with more than 1 storey. Further studies will be conducted on strengthening the masonry walls using FRP materials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Gu, Meng, Xiaodong Ling, Hanxiang Wang, Anfeng Yu, and Guoxin Chen. "Experimental and Numerical Study of Polymer-Retrofitted Masonry Walls under Gas Explosions." Processes 7, no. 12 (November 20, 2019): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7120863.

Full text

Abstract:

Unreinforced masonry walls are extensively used in the petrochemical industry and they are one of the most vulnerable components to blast loads. To investigate the failure modes and improve the blast resistances of masonry walls, four full-scale field tests were conducted using unreinforced and spray-on polyurea-reinforced masonry walls subjected to gas explosions. The results suggested that the primary damage of the unreinforced masonry wall was flexural deformation and the wall collapsed at the latter stage of gas explosion. The presence of polyurea coatings could effectively improve the anti-explosion abilities of masonry walls, prevent wall collapses, and retain the flying fragments, which would reduce the casualties and economic losses caused by petrochemical explosion accidents. The bond between the polymer and masonry wall was critical, and premature debonding resulted in a failure of the coating to exert the maximum energy absorption effect. A numerical model for masonry walls was developed in ANSYS/LS-Dyna and validated with the test data. Parametric studies were conducted to explore the influences of the polyurea-coating thickness and spray pattern on the performances of masonry walls. The polyurea-coating thickness and spray pattern affected the resistance capacities of masonry walls significantly.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Abbas, Samih, and K. P. Saji. "Study of Post-Tensioned and Reinforced Masonry Walls under Lateral Loads ." Applied Mechanics and Materials 857 (November 2016): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.857.267.

Full text

Abstract:

Moderate to strong earthquakes can cause considerable damage to masonry walls which are primary structural elements for decades. In previous earthquakes, a large number of masonry walls failed due to insufficient shear strength with excessive in-plane deformation, or due to insufficient out-of- plane bending capacity of the walls in the perpendicular direction. Typically, out-of- plane failure is far more prevalent and happens earlier than in-plane failure in most past earthquakes. Thus their arises the need to strengthen this masonry walls. Generally, the compressive forces that masonry walls bear vary at different storey’s vary , therefore, walls at lower storey’s can only be applied with relatively smaller prestress due to already higher compression stresses produced by self-weight and floor dead load. Many strengthening methodsSuch as using NSM-CFRP, post tensioning, shortcreting etc. are excellent methods of strengthening masonry walls. In this the performance of post tensioned and reinforced masonry walls is analyzed. Ungrouted, partially grouted, and fully grouted Post Tensioned [PT] Masonry Walls exhibit different behavior and failure mechanisms. For this an analytical model based on an experimental study is prepared and their results are compared with ABAQUS.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Galman, Iwona, and Radosław Jasiński. "Joints in masonry walls." ACTA SCIENTIARUM POLONORUM - Architectura Budownictwo 17, no. 4 (December 24, 2018): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspa.2018.17.4.43.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Galman, Iwona, and Radosław Jasiński. "Joints in masonry walls." ce/papers 2, no. 4 (September 2018): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.855.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Peng, Bin, Sandong Wei, Libo Long, Qizhen Zheng, Yueqiang Ma, and Leiyu Chen. "Experimental Investigation on the Performance of Historical Squat Masonry Walls Strengthened by UHPC and Reinforced Polymer Mortar Layers." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (May 21, 2019): 2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102096.

Full text

Abstract:

Strengthening historical brick masonry walls is important because these walls are major load-bearing members in many architectural heritages. However, historical brick masonry has low elastic modulus and low strength, historical masonry walls are prone to surface treatment or other structural intervention, and some of the walls lack integrity. These characteristics make effective strengthening of historical masonry walls difficult. To address the issue, strengthening layers made up of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) are potentially useful. To investigate the strengthening effect of the UHPC layers, the authors constructed three squat walls using historical bricks and mortar collected from the rehabilitation site of a historical building, and strengthened two of the walls with a UHPC layer and a reinforced polymer mortar layer respectively. The three walls were broken down by horizontal cyclic force along with constant vertical compression, and then the unstrengthened one was strengthened in-situ by a UHPC layer and was tested again. The experimental results indicate that the UHPC layers significantly improved the in-plane shear resistance and cracking load of the squat walls, without decreasing the walls’ ultimate deformation. They effectively strengthened both moderately and severely damaged historical masonry walls, because the UHPC filled the existing damages and improved the integrity of the masonry substrate. In addition, the UHPC layers intervened the historical walls less than the reinforced polymer mortar layer. Therefore, the UHPC layers are efficient in strengthening historical squat masonry walls.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Papalou, Angeliki. "Strengthening of masonry structures using steel frames." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 2, no. 1 (December 19, 2012): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v2i1.581.

Full text

Abstract:

Many old masonry structures have not been maintained properly and have been left exposed to future seismic loading with only their exterior masonry walls. These structures can be strengthened using different techniques with the reversible ones being more appropriate for historic structures. The seismic behavior of masonry buildings left only with their perimeter walls and retrofitted using steel frames (a reversible technique) is investigated. The role of the connection of the steel frames with the masonry walls is analyzed. Linear elastic analysis is performed using the finite element method. The seismic resistance of the aforementioned buildings increases when there is a closed-spaced connection of the steel frame columns with the masonry walls. The connection of the masonry walls at the floor level with the interior structure is also beneficial to the buildings seismic behavior.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Chang, Kug Kwan, and Dae Won Seo. "Shear Capacity of Hexagonal Masonry Walls with Hollow and Solid Blocks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 432 (September 2013): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.432.144.

Full text

Abstract:

Masonry structures are used throughout the world for the construction of residential buildings. However, from a structural viewpoint, the masonry material is characterized by a very low tensile strength; thus, masonry construction often present diffuse fracture patterns. Moreover, masonry bearing and shear walls have been found to be vulnerable to earthquakes. In this study, to improve the seismic performance of masonry structures, hexagonal blocks were developed and six masonry walls used in hexagonal block were tested to failure under reversed cyclic lateral loading. This paper focuses on an experimental investigation of different types of wall used in hexagonal blocks, i.e. walls with different hexagonal blocks and with different reinforcing bar arrangements, subjected to applied cyclic loads. The cracking and damage patterns and hysteretic feature are evaluated. Results showed that damage to blocks in reduced and brittle failure is avoided by the comparatively hexagonal block walls than the existing masonry walls.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Wang, Xin, Shuming Li, Zhenli Wu, Fanyang Bu, and Fei Wang. "Experimental Study on Seismic Strengthening of Confined Masonry Walls Using RPC." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (September 23, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5095120.

Full text

Abstract:

Masonry structures without effective reinforcement are vulnerable to seismic excitation. An innovative strengthening technique was proposed for damaged and undamaged masonry walls. Six confined masonry units with two aspect ratios were tested under in-plane lateral cyclic loading, which consisted of two control walls, two original walls strengthened with reactive powder concrete (RPC-1), and two damaged walls repaired with RPC (RPC-2). The results of the specimens retrofitted with RPC demonstrated that the proposed technique significantly enhanced the seismic performance of masonry walls in terms of lateral strength, ductility, and energy dissipation. Furthermore, the two repaired specimens had a better distributed cracking pattern than the two strengthened specimens. The analysis of the results leads to a better understanding of the effect and mechanism of RPC seismic retrofitting for confined masonry walls.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Constantinescu, S. "Heavy and light masonry walls impact on medium height reinforced concrete frames buildings." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1283, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1283/1/012004.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The paper studies the influence of light weight aerated autoclaved concrete (AAC) partitioning walls to a medium height reinforced concrete structure, in Bucharest (Romania). The building is designed as a framed structure with non-bearing AAC walls placed in certain bays. There is a bearing full bricks masonry wall in one of the bays. Full bricks are used because of its high strength compared to AAC. The aim is to determine the importance of the masonry walls placement, both full bricks and AAC, for the building’s behavior. The analysis points out the structure’s elastic and plastic behavior and also the efforts developed in the non-bearing walls. The bearing masonry wall’s behavior is very important, because the structure is built in a high seismic area. To extend the study, the full bricks wall is replaced with a reinforced concrete one. This is done to see how it impacts the building’s behavior, for both the elastic and plastic stage. The paper concludes that AAC, full bricks and concrete walls placements have a significant influence on the structure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Shelton, Joel Joseph, Nisar Basha, A. Arun Solomon, and C. Daniel. "Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Opening on the Strength of Masonry Wall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 911 (January 4, 2023): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-z95i0o.

Full text

Abstract:

Masonry is used as a construction material since old age. It is a cheaper construction material compared to R.C.C. and also requires comparatively less construction skills. During an earthquake, the masonry wall constructed following the codal provisions shows preliminary behaviour in the in-plane direction of wall and it has lesser deformation in the out-of-plane direction of the wall. Although, the strength and stiffness of the Un-Reinforced Masonry (URM) walls were reduce due to sizes and positions of openings, the relationship between the seismic capacity of the walls and the position and size of opening in walls are not clear. Researchers in the past mostly explored the in-plane behaviour of solid masonry wall without opening. Considering the openings in these walls can significantly affect the strength of the masonry wall. Hence, in the present study, an attempt is made to understand the effect of varying opening sizes (4 different combinations of door and/or window openings) in unreinforced masonry wall using finite element software CATIA. From this software, URM walls were modeled and load based quasi-static analysis were done in in-plane direction. The collapse mechanisms of the masonry walls and crack patterns are studied from the analysis and a key output from this work is the characterization of the relationships between the sizes and positions of openings and the in-plane performance of masonry walls.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Liu, Chao, Xiangyun Nong, Fengjian Zhang, Zonggang Quan, and Guoliang Bai. "Experimental Study on the Seismic Performance of Recycled Concrete Hollow Block Masonry Walls." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 15, 2019): 4336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204336.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper aims to manufacture recycled concrete hollow block (RCHB) which can be used for the masonry structure with seismic requirements. Five RCHB masonry walls were tested under cyclic loading to evaluate the effect of the axial compression stress, aspect ratio, and the materials of structural columns on the seismic performance. Based on the test results, the failure pattern, hysteresis curves, lateral drift, ductility, stiffness degradation, and the energy dissipation of the specimens were analyzed in detail. The results showed that with the increase of aspect ratios, the ductility of RCHB masonry walls increased, but the horizontal bearing capacity and energy dissipation of RCHB masonry walls decreased. With the increase of compressive stress, the bearing capacity and energy dissipation performance of RCHB masonry walls were improved, and the stiffness degraded slowly. The results also demonstrated that the RCHB masonry walls with structural columns, depending on whether the structural columns were prepared by ordinary concrete or recycled concrete, could increase the bearing capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation of specimens. The research confirmed that RCHB masonry walls could meet the seismic requirements through thoughtful design. Therefore, this study provided a new cleaner production for the utilization of construction waste resources.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Ishchuk, M. K., and K. A. Aizyatullin. "Crack resistance of masonry walls." Bulletin of Science and Research Center “Stroitelstvo” 31, no. 4 (December 22, 2021): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2021-4(31)-43-50.

Full text

Abstract:

Computer models used in the design calculation of masonry buildings sometimes fail to correctly take into account the stress-strain state of walls and assess the likelihood of cracks caused by the deformation differences of interacting walls.Following the construction of a building, cracks can develop at wall intersections for several years. However, their repair is mostly ineffective until the total damping of masonry creep deformation.Drawing on the analysis of conducted research and field data, the authors give recommendations on ensuring the crack resistance of internal masonry walls.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Han, Sang Whan, and Chang Seok Lee. "Cyclic behavior of lightly reinforced concrete moment frames with partial- and full-height masonry walls." Earthquake Spectra 36, no. 2 (February 20, 2020): 599–628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755293019899960.

Full text

Abstract:

Existing lightly reinforced concrete (RC) moment frames are vulnerable to earthquakes. The seismic behavior of these frames could be affected by the presence of masonry infill walls. The objective of this study was to investigate the seismic behavior of gravity-designed RC frames having partial- and full-height masonry infill walls. For this purpose, experimental and numerical studies were conducted. Three one-story and one-bay gravity-designed RC moment frames with and without partial- and full-height masonry infill walls were made and tested under cyclic lateral loads. Numerical models for RC moment frames and masonry walls were proposed based on test data. Nonlinear static and incremental dynamic analyses (IDAs) were conducted for three-story RC moment frames with and without partial- and full-height masonry infill walls using the numerical models. Both experimental and numerical studies demonstrated that the masonry-infilled RC frames had larger lateral strength and stiffness than bare RC frames, whereas their drift capacity was less than that of bare frames. The partial-height masonry-infilled RC model frame had the least collapse strength among the frames.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

FORTES, E. S., G. A. PARSEKIAN, J. S. CAMACHO, and F. S. FONSECA. "Compressive strength of masonry constructed with high strength concrete blocks." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 10, no. 6 (November 2017): 1273–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952017000600008.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Although the use of high strength concrete blocks for the construction of tall buildings is becoming common in Brazil, their mechanical properties and behavior are not fully understood. The literature shows a gap in experimental studies with the use of high strength concrete blocks, i.e., those with compressive strength greater than 16 MPa. The work presented herein was conducted in order to study the behavior of high strength structural masonry. Therefore, the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete block walls tested under axial load were assessed. The specimens included grouted and ungrouted walls and walls with a mid-height bond beam; ungrouted walls were constructed with face-shell and full mortar bedding. The walls were built and tested in the laboratory of CESP and in the Structures Laboratory of the UNESP Civil Engineering Department in Ilha Solteira (NEPAE). Concrete blocks with nominal compressive strength of 16 (B1), 24 (B2) and 30 (B3) MPa were used. Ungrouted masonry walls had a height of 220 cm and a width of 120 cm while grouted masonry walls had a height of 220 cm and a width of 80 cm. Traditional Portland cement, sand and lime mortar was used. The testing program included 36 blocks, 18 prisms, 9 ungrouted walls (6 with face-shell mortar bedding and 3 with full mortar bedding), 9 grouted masonry walls, and 12 ungrouted walls with a bond beam at mid-height. The experimental results were used to determine the compressive strength ratio between masonry units, prisms and masonry walls. The analyses included assessing the cracking pattern, the mode of failure and the stress-strain curve of the masonry walls. Tests results indicate that the prism-to-unit strength ratio varies according to the block strength; that face-shell mortar bedding is suitable for high strength concrete masonry; and that 20% resistance decrease for face-shell mortar bedding when compared with full mortar bedding is a conservative consideration. The results also show that using a bond beam at the mid-height of the wall does not lead to a compressive strength decreased but it changes the failure mode and the shape of the stress-strain curve. In addition, the results show that estimating E = 800 fp is conservative for ungrouted masonry walls but reasonably accurate for grouted masonry walls and that there is no reason to limit the value of E to a maximum value of 16 GPa. Furthermore, the results show that, for design purposes, a wall-to-prism strength ratio value of 0.7 may be used for high strength concrete masonry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Deyazada, Mohammed, Hervé Degée, and Bram Vandoren. "Numerical Analysis of the Structural Resistance and Stability of Masonry Walls with an AAC Thermal Break Layer." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 21, 2021): 11647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111647.

Full text

Abstract:

Since energy efficiency has become the main priority in the design of buildings, load-bearing walls in modern masonry constructions nowadays include thermal break elements at the floor–wall junction to mitigate thermal bridges. The structural stability of these bearing walls is consequently affected. In the present paper, a numerical study of the resistance and stability of such composite masonry walls, including AAC thermal break layers, is presented. A finite element mesoscopic model is successfully calibrated with respect to recent experimental results at small and medium scale, in terms of resistance and stiffness under vertical load with or without eccentricity. The model is then used to extend the numerical models to larger-scale masonry walls made of composite masonry, with the aim of investigating the consequences of thermal elements on global resistance and stability. The results confirm that the resistance of composite walls is governed by the masonry layer with the lowest resistance value, except for walls with very large slenderness and loaded eccentrically: composite walls with low slenderness or loaded by a vertical load with limited eccentricities are failing due to the crushing of the AAC layer, while the walls characterized by large slenderness ratios and loaded eccentrically tend to experience buckling failure in the main clay masonry layer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Jasiński, Radosław, and Krzysztof Grzyb. "Comparison of Masonry Homogenization Methods – Macromodelling and Micromodeling of Walls Behaviour Made of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Masonry Units." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022033.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The adopted method of empirical homogenization strictly determines the degree of faithful reproduction of the masonry structure's work in terms of the analysis of cracking forces, destructive forces, and the mechanism of structure destruction. The high level of detail of the numerical model may make it impossible to perform calculations and predict internal forces for larger structures or entire buildings. The study aims to compare two different masonry homogenization techniques and determine the advantages and disadvantages of the adopted methods. The concept of a micromodel, in which the contact of two materials - a masonry unit and a mortar, was simulated using contact elements in the interface planes and a macromodel in which the wall was modelled as a homogeneous, isotropic material, omitting contact surfaces. The analysis subjects were standard wall models made of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) masonry units in axial and diagonal compression tests. In the numerical calculations, the elasto-plastic model with degradation implemented. The Menetrey William boundary surface describes the compression phase, and the Rankine criterion determines the tensile phase. In the axially compressed walls, the relations of forces and vertical and horizontal deformations compared, and in the shear walls, the forces and values of strain angles analyzed. In both models, the mechanisms of wall destruction and scratching were considered. The initial parameters of the elasto-plastic model derived from the results of wall tests using various model validation techniques. The calibration coefficient was used in the micromodel, determined as the quotient of the wall's compressive strength and masonry unit's compressive strength. The fracture energy value was also corrected. In the macromodel, the masonry's modulus of elasticity and the tensile strength value calibrated. Calculations based on the micromodel were consistent with the test results at the relative error level of 2%. The observed damage and scratches to the walls after the tests were consistent with the numerical projection. The macromodel calculations showed the convergence of the results in scratch morphology, scratching and destructive forces. The most significant differences occurred in shear deformations. The macromodelling approach allowed for capturing the wall's global tendency to deteriorate without opening the contact surfaces locally (cohesive cracks), as is the case during the tests.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Khaleghi, Mohsen, Javid Salimi, Visar Farhangi, Mohammad Javad Moradi, and Moses Karakouzian. "Application of Artificial Neural Network to Predict Load Bearing Capacity and Stiffness of Perforated Masonry Walls." CivilEng 2, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 48–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng2010004.

Full text

Abstract:

Perforations adversely affect the structural response of unreinforced masonry walls (UMW) by reducing the wall’s load bearing capacity, which can cause serious structural damage. In the absence of a reliable procedure to accurately predict the load bearing capacity and stiffness of perforated masonry walls subjected to in-plane loadings, this study presents a novel approach to measure these parameters by developing simple but practical equations. In this regard, the Multi-Pier (MP) method as a numerical approach was employed along with the application of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The simulated responses of centrally perforated UMW by the MP method were validated utilizing full-scale experimental walls. The validated MP model was used to generate a simulated database. The simulated database includes results of analyses for 49 different configurations of perforated masonry walls and their corresponding solid masonry walls. The effect of the area and shape of the perforations on the UMW’s behavior was evaluated by the MP method. Following the outcomes of the verified MP method, the ANN is trained to develop empirical equations to accurately predict the reduction in the load bearing capacity and initial stiffness due to the perforation of UMW. The results of this study indicate that the perforations have a significant effect on the structural capacity of the UMW subjected to in-plane loadings.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Smilović Zulim, M., and J. Radnić. "Anisotropy Effect of Masonry on the Behaviour and Bearing Capacity of Masonry Walls." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (February 19, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5676901.

Full text

Abstract:

Firstly, an updated numerical model for the numerical analysis of planar unreinforced and confined masonry walls is presented. The model can simulate the main nonlinear material effects of masonry and reinforced concrete. A simplified anisotropic constitutive model for masonry is developed and presented. The criteria for the limit bearing capacity and collapse of masonry are separately defined for normal stresses only and for normal and shear stresses. The presented numerical model is verified and used to analyse the anisotropy effect of masonry on the behaviour of unreinforced and confined two-story anisotropic masonry walls with different coefficients of anisotropy, wall lengths, and quality of masonry under horizontal static forces. The influence of the anisotropy coefficient of the masonry on the response of the walls is discussed in detail, and the main conclusions are given.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Xu, Qingfeng, Xi Chen, Jian-Fei Chen, Kent A. Harries, Lingzhu Chen, and Zhuolin Wang. "Seismic strengthening of masonry walls using bamboo components." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 14 (June 14, 2019): 2982–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219855902.

Full text

Abstract:

Bamboo is a sustainable green material and has been gradually applied in the construction industry; however, little research on strengthening masonry structures with bamboo has been carried out. In this article, strengthening methods using bamboo were developed including bamboo grid reinforced cement mortar layer, externally bonded bamboo mats, additional confining horizontal bamboo reinforced concrete band beams, and bamboo strips placed in mortar joints. Ten masonry walls were designed including two reference walls. Experimental results showed that all the strengthening methods can improve certain aspects of the seismic performance of masonry walls. The shear strength, deformability, and energy dissipation capacity of masonry walls strengthened with bamboo grid reinforced cement mortar and externally bonded bamboo mats were the most improved. The limit states of tested walls were discussed. Strengthened masonry structures with bamboo components are promising methods and can be used especially in remote areas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Zhang, Yi, Jiahui Hu, Wenda Zhao, Feng Hu, and Xiao Yu. "Numerical Simulation of the Blast Resistance of SPUA Retrofitted CMU Masonry Walls." Buildings 13, no. 2 (February 6, 2023): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020446.

Full text

Abstract:

Through numerical simulation, the blast-resistant performance of spray polyurea elastomer (SPUA) retrofitted concrete masonry unit (CMU) masonry infill walls under far-range blast loading was studied. From an engineering perspective, the effects of boundary conditions and thickness of a SPUA layer on enhancing the blast resistance of masonry infill walls are discussed, and the blast resistance of SPUA-retrofitted and grouted CMU masonry infill walls are compared. It is concluded that the boundary constraint conditions and the anchorage length of SPUA layer have limited improvement on the blast-resistant performance of the wall; the thickness of SPUA layer can significantly improve the blast-resistant performance of the wall as the blast loading increases. In addition, SPUA retrofitting shows relatively better performance to reinforce masonry infill walls.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Zuo, Shu Hong, Hong Lu Bai, Li Hong Xiong, Ben Yi Liu, and Zhi Min Tian. "Study on the Seismic Performance of Cavity Walls Constraint Masonry Construction." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 1702–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.1702.

Full text

Abstract:

Cavity walls structure is unsuitable in cold area for its faultiness of poor heat-insulating property. But the cavity walls constraint masonry construction is suitable in cold area for its high heat-insulating property. Studies are carried as setting up the restoring force model of the cavity walls confined masonry structure and analyzing the dynamic time-history of cavity walls constraint masonry structure under 7 degrees small earthquake, middle earthquake or large earthquake through EL centro wave, TALF wave, Ninghe wave and Qian'an wave, which indicates that cavity walls constraint masonry construction can satisfy seismic demand of 7 degree quake. Finally, the formula for calculating the interlayer displacement of cavity walls confined masonry structure near collapse is put forward and the counting result is compared with that of dynamic time-history analyzing, which shows that the accuracy of this formula is high enough to be used for analyzing the seismic performance of cavity walls constraint masonry structure. Foundation projects: Special Basic Scientific Research for Central Public Institute (2008B002, 2010A04), Open Fund of Key Laboratory of State Education Ministroy on Urben and Engineering Safe and Disaster Diminish & Key Laboratory of Beijing on Engineering Seismic and Treatment (EESR2010-07), and High Level Talent Support Project of Heilongjiang University (HDTD2010-13).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Liu, Yun, Gonglian Chen, Zhipeng Wang, Zhen Chen, Yujia Gao, and Fenglan Li. "On the Seismic Performance of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Self-Insulation Block Walls." Materials 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 2942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13132942.

Full text

Abstract:

Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) self-insulation block masonry is often used for the infill walls in steel and concrete frame structures. To work together with the frame under earthquake action, it is essential to understand the seismic behavior of AAC self-insulation block masonry walls. In this paper, six AAC self-insulation block masonry walls were experimentally studied under the pseudo static test. The load-displacement hysteretic curves were drawn with the test data. The failure characteristics, loading capacity, stiffness degeneration, energy dissipation capacity and hysteretic behavior are analyzed. The results indicate that the blocks underwent internal failure due to the lower strength with a larger size, but the walls had good energy dissipation capacity with a rational bearing capacity. Accompanied by the influence of vertical compressive stress on the top surface of the walls, the cracking resistance, ultimate bearing capacity, deformability and energy dissipation capacity of the walls were affected by the masonry mortar joints. Comparatively, the walls with thin-layer mortar joints had better seismic performance than those with insulation mortar joints or with vertical joints filled by mineral wool plates. Finally, the shear capacity of the walls under seismic load is evaluated referring to the formulas of current design codes for masonry walls.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Shahzada, Khan, Tetsuro Goto, Akhtar Naeem Khan, Amjad Naseer, and M. Fahad. "Improvement of Mechanical Properties and Lateral Resistance of Brick Masonry Walls by Using Indigenous Materials." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 684–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.684.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, improvement of mechanical properties of unreinforced masonry walls based on the laboratory test results is discussed. Various masonry specimens have been tested by Portable Structural Testing Equipment (PSTE). Masonry prisms have been reinforced with indigenous materials (wire mesh and bamboo) and confined with reinforced concrete elements. The tensile strength, shear strength and lateral resistance of masonry walls increases up to 5.4, 2.73 and 5.65 times respectively by using plaster, wire mesh, bamboo and confinement. The Indigenous materials used in this research work are cheap and easily available as compared to FRP and other materials. Analysis for lateral resistance of masonry walls has been made by using different relationships.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Poletti, Elisa, and Graca Vasconcelos. "Seismic Behaviour and Retrofitting of Timber Frame Walls." Advanced Materials Research 778 (September 2013): 706–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.778.706.

Full text

Abstract:

Half-timbered buildings are well known as one of the most efficient seismic resistant structure in the world, but their popularity is not only due to their seismic performance, but also to their low cost and the strength they offer. These structures generally consist of exterior masonry walls with timber elements embedded which tie the walls together and internal walls which have a timber frame with masonry infill and act as shear walls. Generally, different types of infill could be applied to half-timbered walls depending on the country, namely brick masonry, rubble masonry, hay, mud, etc. The focus of this paper is to study the seismic behaviour of the walls when no infill is present, i.e. considering only the timber frame, and then compare the results with those of the infill walls. Static cyclic tests have been performed on unreinforced timber frame walls and appropriate strengthening solutions have been applied in order to test the walls in a retrofitted condition, namely (1) steel plates with different configurations and (2) steel flat bars inserted with the NSM technique.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Ziya, Ahmed Cavit, and Abdulkerim İlgün. "Effect of a Novel Dowel and Cramp on the In-Plane Behavior of Multi-Leaf Stone Masonry Walls Proposed for Modern Masonry Buildings." Buildings 13, no. 5 (May 8, 2023): 1235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051235.

Full text

Abstract:

This study discusses the experimental assessment of the in-plane mechanical behavior of a multi-leaf stone masonry wall built from cut stone and reinforced with metal connectors (cramps and dowels). Inspired by conventional multi-leaf stone walls, the wall is meant for use in modern stone masonry buildings. The wall is constructed from two parallel load-bearing walls with a cavity between them, which aims to conceal the installation and insulation needed in modern buildings. The load-bearing walls are connected with cramps and dowels at certain intervals, so the wall works as a single section against horizontal and vertical loads. To characterize the in-plane behavior of the proposed wall, compressive, triplet, and diagonal compression tests were conducted to investigate the compressive strength, shear strength, modulus of elasticity, stiffness, ductility, and energy absorption of the wall. Compared with dry and mortar joint walls, dowels increased the wall’s initial shear capacity by 11 and 19 times, respectively. Applying cramps without curving channels inside the individual stone elements decreased the compressive strength by 18%. The energy absorption of the designed walls with metal connectors was substantially increased to that of the specimens representing conventional stone walls. The results show the wall’s applicability due to its higher shear strength and minimal drop in compressive strength, which is within acceptable limits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Ismail, Najif, Tamer El-Maaddawy, Amanullah Najmal, and Nouman Khattak. "Experimental in-plane performance of insulated concrete and brick masonry wall panels retrofitted using polymer composites." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 51, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.51.2.85-91.

Full text

Abstract:

Masonry infilled reinforced concrete frame buildings built prior to the introduction of modern seismic provisions have been observed to undergo damage in and around the masonry infill walls during most recent moderate to severe earthquakes. Fibre reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) is one of several retrofitting options available to limit such earthquake induced damage to infill walls. An experimental program was undertaken herein to experimentally investigate the effectiveness of FRCM as a strengthening solution for vintage (i.e. built between 1880 and 1930) un-reinforced brick masonry (URM) and insulated concrete masonry (IMU) infill walls. A total of 16 masonry assemblages were tested under in-plane diagonal load, of these 8 were constructed replicating vintage URM whereas the remainder were constructed using modern IMU. IMU is a preferred masonry type in hot and humid regions owing to its superior insulting capability. Different polymer fabrics (i.e., carbon, glass and basalt) were applied over both faces of test walls, with two replicate test walls receiving the same FRCM strengthening details. One test wall of each masonry type was tested as-built to serve as a control specimen for comparison. One wall of each masonry type received two layers of basalt FRCM. The investigated aspects included stress-strain behaviour, stiffness, and ductility. Shear strength increment observed due to single layer of FRCM application was 422-778% for vintage URM and 307-415% for modern IMU. FRCM also substantially increased the ductility capacity of the masonry assemblages.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Rafid Ahmed, Ammar, and Alaa H. Al-Zuhairi. "Finite Element Analysis for The Response of URM Walls Supporting RC Slab." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.20 (November 28, 2018): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.20.25936.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim for this research is to investigate the effect of inclusion of crack incidence into the 2D numerical model of the masonry units and bonding mortar on the behavior of unreinforced masonry walls supporting a loaded reinforced concrete slab. The finite element method was implemented for the modeling and analysis of unreinforced masonry walls. In this paper, ABAQUS, FE software with implicit solver was used to model and analyze unreinforced masonry walls which are subjected to a vertical load. Detailed Micro Modeling technique was used to model the masonry units, mortar and unit-mortar interface separately. It was found that considering potential pure tensional cracks located vertically in the middle of the mortar and units shows an increase in masonry strength of about 10% than the strength calculated using the procedure recommended by the Masonry Society Joint Committee in the building code.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Saada, Ramdane, Fadi Nahhas, Guy Bonnet, and Patrick Delmotte. "Fire Behavior of Masonry Walls." Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineeringe 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212797610902010069.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Aboul-Olla, F. "Behavior of Masonry Loadbearing Walls." Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Engineering Sciences 5, no. 1 (1993): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/eng.5-1.5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Saada, Ramdane Ami, Fadi Al Nahhas, Guy Bonnet, and Patrick Delmotte. "Fire Behavior of Masonry Walls." Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering 2, no. 1 (January 9, 2010): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874477x10902010069.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Hendry, Emeritus A. W. "Masonry walls: materials and construction." Construction and Building Materials 15, no. 8 (December 2001): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-0618(01)00019-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Pavoni, Gaia, Francesca Giuliani, Anna De Falco, Massimiliano Corsini, Federico Ponchio, Marco Callieri, and Paolo Cignoni. "On Assisting and Automatizing the Semantic Segmentation of Masonry Walls." Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage 15, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3477400.

Full text

Abstract:

In Architectural Heritage, the masonry’s interpretation is an essential instrument for analysing the construction phases, the assessment of structural properties, and the monitoring of its state of conservation. This work is generally carried out by specialists that, based on visual observation and their knowledge, manually annotate ortho-images of the masonry generated by photogrammetric surveys. This results in vector thematic maps segmented according to their construction technique (isolating areas of homogeneous materials/structure/texture or each individual constituting block of the masonry) or state of conservation, including degradation areas and damaged parts. This time-consuming manual work, often done with tools that have not been designed for this purpose, represents a bottleneck in the documentation and management workflow and is a severely limiting factor in monitoring large-scale monuments (e.g., city walls). This article explores the potential of AI-based solutions to improve the efficiency of masonry annotation in Architectural Heritage. This experimentation aims at providing interactive tools that support and empower the current workflow, benefiting from specialists’ expertise.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Brodsky, Alex, and David Z. Yankelevsky. "Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Frames with Masonry Infill Walls to In-Plane Vertical Loading." Key Engineering Materials 711 (September 2016): 982–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.711.982.

Full text

Abstract:

Numerous studies have been conducted on the in plane behavior of masonry infill walls to lateral loading simulating earthquake action on buildings. The present study is focused on a problem that has almost not been studied regarding the vertical (opposed to lateral) in-plane action on these walls. This may be of concern when a supporting column of a multi-storey reinforced concrete frame with infill masonry walls undergoes a severe damage due to an extreme loading such as a strong earthquake, car impact or military or terror action in proximity to the column. The loss of the supporting column may cause a fully or partly progressive collapse to a bare reinforced concrete frame, without infill masonry walls. The presence of the infill masonry walls may restrain the process and prevent the development of a progressive collapse. The aim of the present study is to test the in-plane composite action of Reinforced Concrete (RC) frames with infill masonry walls under vertical loading through laboratory experiments and evaluate the contributions of infill masonry walls, in an attempt to examine the infill masonry wall added resistance to the bare frame under these circumstances. Preliminary results of laboratory tests that have been conducted on reinforced concrete infilled frames without a support at their end, under monotonic vertical loading along that column axis will be presented. The observed damages and failure modes under vertical loading are clearly different from the already known failure modes observed in the case of lateral loading.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Jing, Meng, Werasak Raongjant, and Ratchaneewan Kerdmongkon. "Compressive Strengthening of Damaged Historic Masonry Walls Repaired with GFRP." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 965–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.965.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this research is to determine the mechanical properties of damaged historic masonry walls retrofitted with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) under axial load through experimental method. Five masonry wall specimens were tested under axial load acted at the top surface. One wall specimen was served as reference without retrofitting. Two walls were retrofitted with GFRP before damage. Other two walls were repaired using epoxy injection and GFRP sheets after predefined damage. The results show that the bearing capacity of historic masonry walls was completely restored and even exceeded the original capacity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Feba, S. Thomas, and Bennet Kuriakose. "Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Unreinforced Masonry Walls." Applied Mechanics and Materials 857 (November 2016): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.857.142.

Full text

Abstract:

Most of the monumental structures worldwide and residential structures in developing countries are built in masonry. The studies performed by various researchers prove the vulnerability of masonry structures under various circumstances, especially under earthquakes, so as to necessitate detailed contemplation. In this paper, a numerical model for nonlinear static analysis of unreinforced masonry walls is developed based on a macro-modelling approach. A detailed parametric study is also performed to analyse the effect of wall thickness as well as length on the behaviour of the masonry wall. The present numerical model can be utilized for risk assessment and seismic retrofitting of historical masonry structures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Willam, K. J., C. Citto, and P. B. Shing. "Recent Results on Masonry Infill Walls." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.27.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper summarizes the main research findings on masonry infill walls which were obtained within the framework of a comprehensive NSF-NEESR-SG project directed by Prof. Benson Shing at UC San Diego (Shing et al. 2009). The main focus of this contribution are experimental and computational observations on 2/3 scale unreinforced masonry panels bounded by a reinforced concrete frame which were subjected to cyclic push-over testing at CU Boulder under constant vertical pre-loading. This study included two-wythe masonry panels of 133in x75.5in size (3.378 x1.897m) with and without openings in form of eccentric windows and doors. The background experiments did include a suite of masonry prism tests on rectilinear and slanted masonry prisms providing important insight into the composite behavior of mortar and brick construction. The paper concludes with remarks on the experimental observations when the panels were integrated into infill walls of two-bay width and three-story height with and without retrofits of reinforced ECC layers (engineered cementitious composites) which were attached to one side for quasistatic testing at CU Boulder, and to both sides of the wall for dynamic shake table testing at UC San Diego.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Petry, Sarah, and Katrin Beyer. "Cyclic Test Data of Six Unreinforced Masonry Walls with Different Boundary Conditions." Earthquake Spectra 31, no. 4 (November 2015): 2459–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/101513eqs269.

Full text

Abstract:

Previous test data on unreinforced masonry walls focused on the global response of the wall. A new data set ( Petry and Beyer 2014a ; DOI:10.5281/zenodo.8443) on six wall tests, which is publicly available, allows for linking global to local deformations of masonry walls, which can be useful for advancing performance-based design and assessment methods for unreinforced masonry buildings. This data paper presents the results of a test series on six identical unreinforced masonry walls that were constructed using hollow clay brick units and standard cement-based mortar. The test units were subjected to quasi-static cycles of increasing drift demands and the tests differed with regard to the applied axial load and the moment restraint applied at the top of the walls. The walls were tested up to failure. Throughout the loading the deformations of the walls were recorded using a digital photogrammetric measurement system tracking the movement of 312 points per test unit.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Eslami, Babak Jafarzad, and Andrea Del Grosso. "Retrofit of Masonry Buildings through Seismic Dampers." Key Engineering Materials 817 (August 2019): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.817.293.

Full text

Abstract:

After the recent earthquakes occurred in some cities in Iran, such as Bam and Kermanshah, the engineering community was forced to pay special attention to the seismic vulnerability of traditional structures. Unreinforced masonry walls exhibit poor seismic performance under moderate and high seismic demand, due to the rapid degradation of stiffness. The development of effective techniques for the strengthening of these walls is an urgent need. The Base Isolation System (BIS) provides solutions to mitigate seismic hazard [1]. In this work, the seismic vulnerability of heritage masonry walls is assessed by conducting extensive numerical studies on both unreinforced (fixed-base) and reinforced (Base Isolation System) masonry walls. In this manner, modeling and analysis are conducted using standard finite element software, ABAQUS 6.13, and results of fixed-base masonry wall and similar base-isolated walls retrofitted with laminated rubber bearings are compared. Nonlinear time history analyses (using the actual Bam earthquake), which enable description of the pre-peak and post-peak behavior of walls, have been used to describe the behavior of structures.Finally, comparison of the failure modes between unreinforced and reinforced masonry walls reveals efficiency of using the rubber bearing isolation (passive control vibration devices) for a reduction in acceleration and an increase in the structural resistance to earthquake excitations [2].

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Marčiukaitis, Gediminas. "ESTIMATION OF SHRINKAGE DEFORMATIONS OF MASONRY BY DETERMINING CRACKING OF INTERNAL BUILDING WALLS/MŪRO SUSITRAUKIMO DEFORMACIJŲ ĮVERTINIMAS, ANALIZUOJANT PASTATŲ VIDINIŲ SIENŲ SUPLEIŠĖJIMĄ." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 6, no. 1 (February 28, 2000): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.2000.10531558.

Full text

Abstract:

In practice a lot of cases are found, that loadbearing masonry walls of buildings are cracked. The main reason of these cracks is reinforced or metal lintel, reinforced concrete floors, waist-band and other elements. They impede free shrinkage deformation of masonry. In masonry, tension stresses appear and compression stresses, in impedemental elements. The formulas for calculation of these stresses and strains are suggested in the article. Analysis of this formulas show that stresses-strains depend on the ratio of areas of sections and the modulus of elasticity of masonry walls and impedimental structures or elements. It is important to evaluate the shrinkage of masonry and its further development. Such shrinkage begins before mounting other structures on walls. There are suggested methods and formulas for estimating changes of shrinkage deformations in time. Limiting shrinkage deformations are suggested according to the recommendations of Eurocodes 6. Theoretical and experimental results of changing of masonry shrinkage are compared. The comparison shows good agreement of these results. The suggested methods allow to choose such materials for masonry and time of mounting of other structures, which decrease the tension stresses in masonry because of its shrinkage and give opportunities to decrease danger of appearing cracks in walls or to avoid them, in general.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Celano, Thomas, Francesca Ceroni, and Gian Piero Lignola. "Behaviour of masonry walls strengthened with fibre-reinforced cementitious materials." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering and Computational Mechanics 174, no. 4 (December 2021): 193–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jencm.21.00009.

Full text

Abstract:

Assessment of the mechanical properties of masonry materials is a key issue for evaluating the strength capacity of masonry walls. Two types of tests are usually adopted for experimentally evaluating the shear capacity of masonry walls: diagonal-compression and shear-compression tests. Different approaches are available in the literature for their interpretation. This paper reports an investigation into the behaviour of both unstrengthened and in-plane strengthened masonry walls with fibre-reinforced cementitious matrix materials under the two tests by means of a bi-dimensional non-linear-finite-element model. The model was first calibrated on the basis of comparisons with experimental results of diagonal-compression tests available in the literature. It was then used for comparing the numerical results obtained for the two tests in terms of local stress distributions for both unstrengthened and strengthened walls. The differences in the stress distributions in the tests, and the role of the reinforcement both on the distribution of stresses and on the global behaviour of the masonry walls, was highlighted.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro, Fernando F. S. Pinho, Ildi Cismaşiu, and Murilo Souza. "Prediction of Rubble-Stone Masonry Walls Response under Axial Compression Using 2D Particle Modelling." Buildings 12, no. 8 (August 21, 2022): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081283.

Full text

Abstract:

To predict the structural behaviour of ancient stone masonry walls is still a challenging task due to their strong heterogeneity. A rubble-stone masonry modeling methodology using a 2D particle model (2D-PM), based on the discrete element method is proposed given its ability to predict crack propagation by taking directly into account the material structure at the grain scale. Rubble-stone (ancient) masonry walls tested experimentally under uniaxial compression loading conditions are numerically evaluated. The stone masonry numerical models are generated from a close mapping process of the stone units and of the mortar surfaces. A calibration procedure for the stone-stone and mortar-mortar contacts based on experimental data is presented. The numerical studies show that the 2D-PM wall models can predict the formation and propagation of cracks, the initial stiffness and the maximum load obtained experimentally in traditional stone masonry walls. To reduce the simulation times, it is shown that the wall lateral numerical model adopting a coarser mortar discretization is a viable option for these walls. The mortar behaviour under compression with lateral confinement is identified as an important micro-parameter, that influences the peak strength and the ductility of rubble-masonry walls under uniaxial loading.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Huang, Yan, Ming Hui Kan, and Zi Fa Wang. "Nonlinear Analysis for Masonry under Monotonic and Low Cyclic Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.406.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: Confined masonry with tie columns and ring-beams was adopted during the reconstruction in the rural and suburban areas in Sichuan Province after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. Based on the results of the sample tests of building material such as clay brick, cement mortar, steel and concrete in reconstruction and the analysis on the characteristics and features using Solid65 elements in ANSYS, the shear property of joints in masonry structures under different vertical load (σ∕fm) is numerically simulated. Comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones, the proposed values for the shear transfer coefficients for open and closed crack of Solid65 elements for simulating masonry structures are given. The seismic performance of confined masonry walls (strengthened by tie column and ring-beam, etc.) and unconfined masonry walls with different stress condition (σ∕fm) under low cyclic load are discussed. Results show that, under monotonic loading, confined masonry walls have better performance for displacement and load corresponding to the occurrence of the first crack as well as for the ultimate load and ductility, although the energy dissipating ability of unconfined walls under low cyclic loading increases with vertical load (σ∕fm) at low stress level. The results demonstrate that confined walls are greatly enhanced by strengthening measures such as tie column and ring-beams.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Raongjant, Werasak, Meng Jing, and Ratchaneewan Kerdmongkon. "Behaviors of Historic Masonry Walls Retrofitted with GFRP under Axial Load." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.959.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this research is to determine the mechanical properties of historic masonry walls retrofitted with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) under axial load through experimental method. Four ancient masonry wall specimens were tested under axial load acted at the top surface. Two wall specimens were served as reference without retrofitting. The third wall was retrofitted with GFRP on full surface before loading. The forth wall was strengthened with three GFRP strips before loading. The behaviors of historic masonry walls in Thailand were particular because of their special bond manner and dimension. The tested results demonstrated that the bearing capacity of historic masonry walls was distinctly improved after GFRP strengthening.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Goyal, Ajay, M. Shokry Rashwan, M. A. Hatzinikolas, and S. Zervos. "Structural performance of cavity walls constructed with units containing sawdust and shear connected to the brick veneer." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 21, no. 4 (August 1, 1994): 576–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l94-059.

Full text

Abstract:

A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the behaviour of walls constructed using newly developed masonry sawdust blocks. Full-scale cavity walls consisting of the new masonry block backup and burnt clay brick veneer, connected together using metal connectors, were tested under lateral loads. The effects of block unit size, height of wall, reinforcement, grout, and cavity width on the behaviour of the wall were studied. The test results showed behaviour similar to that of walls constructed with lightweight concrete masonry units. A summary of the results is presented in this paper. Key words: masonry, cavity wall, shear connector, lateral loading, stiffness, veneer, sawdust block.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Radovanović, Željka, Radmila Sinđić Grebović, Sretena Dimovska, Nina Serdar, Nikolay Vatin, and Vera Murgul. "Testing of the Mechanical Properties of Masonry Walls – Determination of Compressive Strength." Applied Mechanics and Materials 725-726 (January 2015): 410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.725-726.410.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper will present testing of masonry walls made from clay block and concrete block. Experimental testing of the walls is done in the laboratory of the University of Civil Engineering in Podgorica within the national scientific research project "Seismic risk reduction in buildings of stone and brick". This paper presents the results of testing samples of walls built with the tested masonry elements and mortar. Characteristic compressive strength of the walls and elasticity modules were obtained. An analytical approach to determining the characteristic compressive strength and elasticity modules of masonry walls is analyzed in accordance with the applicable standard of Yugoslavia PIOVS'91, European standards EN 1996-1-1: 2005 and the American standard ACI 530.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Basaran, Hakan, Ali Demir, and Muhiddin Bagci. "The Behavior of Masonry Walls with Reinforced Plaster Mortar." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/436946.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is the improvement of the behaviors of walls constructed with masonry bricks using reinforced plaster mortars. In this study,400×400×100 mm sized walls were constructed using 1 : 2 scaled100×50×30 mm sized masonry bricks. The walls were plastered using normal and various proportions of polypropylene and steel fiber reinforced plaster mortars and were subjected to vertical loads at 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° angles. As a result of the experiments, attempts were made to present the strength, stiffness, and ductility of all of the walls. At the end of the study, an evaluation concerning failure envelope curve (σ-τ) obtained from test results according to plastered masonry walls types was performed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Masonry walls'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles