Relevant bibliographies by topics / Masks Japan

Academic literature on the topic 'Masks Japan'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Masks Japan"

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Machida, Masaki, Itaru Nakamura, Reiko Saito, Tomoki Nakaya, Tomoya Hanibuchi, Tomoko Takamiya, Yuko Odagiri, et al. "Incorrect Use of Face Masks during the Current COVID-19 Pandemic among the General Public in Japan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 6, 2020): 6484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186484.

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Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of face masks by healthy individuals for prevention has been attracting public attention. However, efficacy depends on proper usage. We set out to determine the prevalence of wearing masks to prevent COVID-19 and compliance with appropriate measures for the correct use of face masks among the general public in Japan where wearing medical masks is a “cultural” normality. This cross-sectional study was based on an internet-based survey completed by 2141 people (50.8% men, aged 20–79 years) who were selected among registrants of an Internet research company between 1 April and 6 April 2020. Participants were asked to indicate how often they wore masks for prevention and to what extent they practiced appropriate measures suggested by the World Health Organization. The prevalence of wearing masks was 80.9% and compliance rates with appropriate measures ranged from 38.3% to 83.5%. Only 23.1% complied with all recommendations. Compliance rates were overall low in men and persons with low household incomes. Our results, hence show that many citizens implement inaccurate measures when using face masks. Therefore, providing guidance on correct usage is essential when encouraging the use of face masks to prevent COVID-19.
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Nyahongo, Julius W., Upendo Richard, and Donald G. Mpanduji. "Microbe Penetration Levels on Facial Masks Fabricated at the University of Dodoma versus the Surgical Ones." Tanzania Journal of Health Research 23, no. 2 (August 10, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v23i2.6.

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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 is a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The outbreak was first identified in the city of Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019, and was recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. The virus primarily spreads among people via respiratory droplets from coughing, breathing, or sneezing. To reduce virus transmission, close contact between people is discouraged. In response to advice by health practitioners, individuals are advised to wear face masks, regularly wash their hands, and apply sanitisers. However, the effectiveness of locally manufactured masks against COVID 19 and other microbes has not been investigated. Aims and methods: The current study aimed to experimentally determine and compare the effectiveness of two approved surgical masks and two face masks fabricated at the University of Dodoma (UDOM). Results: The effectiveness of the UDOM-made mask was similar when compared to surgical masks (Mann- Whitney, U = 390.000, p > 0.05; Mean ranks: Japan fabric = 32.5; N95 surgical mask = 28.50). However, the Japan fabric mask made at UDOM was more effective than BBL surgical mask made in China (Mann-Whitney, U = 270.000, p < 0.05; Mean ranks: Japan fabric = 24.50; BBL surgical mask = 36.50). Whereas the handkerchief mask made at UDOM and BBL surgical mask had similar levels of effectiveness (Mann-Whitney, U = 369.500, p > 0.05; Mean Ranks: Handkerchief = 27.82; BBL surgical mask = 33.18). The results obtained suggest that the two UDOM types were as effective as the N95 and BBL masks in reducing virus spread. Conclusion: The study recommends the determination of pore sizes of the materials used to make the mask to explain the effectiveness of the single layer, double layers, and double layers with cotton blends in the prevention of different microbes inhalable.
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Tsang, Po Man, and Audrey Prost. "Boundaries of solidarity: a meta-ethnography of mask use during past epidemics to inform SARS-CoV-2 suppression." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 1 (January 2021): e004068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004068.

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BackgroundMany countries aiming to suppress SARS-CoV-2 recommend the use of face masks by the general public. The social meanings attached to masks may influence their use, but remain underinvestigated.MethodsWe systematically searched eight databases for studies containing qualitative data on public mask use during past epidemics, and used meta-ethnography to explore their social meanings. We compared key concepts within and across studies, then jointly wrote a critical synthesis.ResultsWe found nine studies from China (n=5), Japan (n=1), Mexico (n=1), South Africa (n=1) and the USA (n=1). All studies describing routine mask use during epidemics were from East Asia. Participants identified masks as symbols of solidarity, civic responsibility and an allegiance to science. This effect was amplified by heightened risk perception (eg, during SARS in 2003), and by seeing masks on political leaders and in outdoor public spaces. Masks also acted as containment devices to manage threats to identity at personal and collective levels. In China and Japan, public and corporate campaigns framed routine mask use as individual responsibility for disease prevention in return for state- or corporate-sponsored healthcare access. In most studies, mask use waned as risk perception fell. In contexts where masks were mostly worn by patients with specific diseases (eg, for patients with tuberculosis in South Africa), or when trust in government was low (eg, during H1N1 in Mexico), participants described masks as stigmatising, uncomfortable or oppressive.ConclusionFace masks can take on positive social meanings linked to solidarity and altruism during epidemics. Unfortunately, these positive meanings can fail to take hold when risk perception falls, rules are seen as complex or unfair, and trust in government is low. At such times, ensuring continued use is likely to require additional efforts to promote locally appropriate positive social meanings, simplifying rules for use and ensuring fair enforcement.
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Leone, Massimo. "The Semiotics of the Medical Face Mask: East and West." Signs and Media 1, no. 1 (August 25, 2020): 40–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25900323-12340004.

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Abstract After a concise survey of the state of the art on the semiotics of the mask and on studies in humanities and social sciences about medical face masks, the essay provides anecdotic evidence about differences in the semiotics of medical face masks in Europe and in the ‘Far East’, especially Japan, China, and Korea; it proposes a semiotic grid for decoding the phenomenology and meaning of the medical face mask; it concludes with some general observations on the change of the meaning of the face during the current pandemic.
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Morishima, Mika, Koya Kishida, Takashi Uozumi, and Masayoshi Kamijo. "Experiences and problems with hygiene masks reported by Japanese hay fever sufferers." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 26, no. 4 (July 29, 2014): 262–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-08-2013-0093.

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Purpose – In Japan, one of the countermeasures used to avoid the symptoms of hay fever (HF) is a hygiene mask; however, a mask can cause discomfort. The authors believe that co-occurrence analysis, which has been widely in the sciences, will be valuable to this issue. The purpose of this paper is to identify problems associated with the use of hygiene masks and recommend improvements in their function and comfort. The goal of this study was to obtain information for the development of effective hygiene masks for HF sufferers and therefore, improve their quality of life. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted a survey of university students with HF (n=1,519) to identify problems with hygiene masks. Students completed self-report questionnaires and co-occurrence analyses were used to examine the data from a holistic perspective. Moreover, technical data, relative to the problems of wearing a mask were acquired experimentally using thermal, hygroscopic, and airflow properties. Findings – Among Japanese university students, hygiene masks were the most popular countermeasure against HF symptoms. In addition, it was found that wearing a mask was not influenced of the type of symptoms. Most problems were related to the masks’ thermal, hygroscopic, and airflow properties. Originality/value – The paper proposed the use of co-occurrence analysis to analyze problems with hygiene masks. Most problems appear to be related to the thermal, hygroscopic, and airflow properties of the masks. Moreover, such phenomena have been experimentally demonstrated.
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Yasuda, Yuto, Satoru Mutsuo, Motoaki Hamada, Kazuo Murai, Yutaka Hirayama, Kiyoshi Uemasu, Soichi Arasawa, Daisuke Iwashima, and Ken-ichi Takahashi. "Aluminium Gauze Reduces SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Non-Woven Masks Worn by Patients with COVID-19." Infectious Disease Reports 14, no. 2 (April 6, 2022): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/idr14020030.

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Background: Aluminium reduces severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) survival in experimental settings. It is unknown whether adding an aluminium gauze to a mask reduces the SARS-CoV-2 RNA load in the mask and whether SARS-CoV-2 is detectable in the breath that permeates through such a mask in clinical settings. Methods: Patients admitted to Kishiwada City Hospital, Osaka, Japan, between July 2021 and September 2021 were enrolled in the study. Non-woven masks comprising filters with 99% viral filtration efficacy and aluminium and cotton gauzes attached to plastic collection cases were developed. All participants wore the experimental mask models for three hours. Results: Twenty-nine patients who wore the final model masks were analysed in this study. The Ct values of the nucleocapsid gene and envelope gene of SARS-CoV-2 were significantly higher in the aluminium gauze than in the cotton gauze. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the masks of 8 out of 12 vaccinated patients (66.7%). Although breath condensates were collected behind both aluminium and cotton gauzes, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in these condensates. Conclusions: Our study indicated that non-woven masks with an aluminium gauze may obstruct SARS-CoV-2 transmission in clinical settings better than non-woven masks with cotton gauzes.
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Tărăboanță, Ionuț, Simona Stoleriu, Gianina Iovan, Angela Cristina Ghiorghe, Irina Nica, Andra Claudia Tărăboanță-Gamen, and Sorin Andrian. "Evaluation of the salivary parameters in facial mask wearers during Covid-19 pandemic." STOMATOLOGY EDU JOURNAL 8, no. 4 (2021): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25241/stomaeduj.2021.8(4).art.1.

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Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic situation forced governments to impose various measures to reduce the spread of the virus. The most used method is to wear facial masks, which can be found under several commercial forms. Wearing facial masks has caused a lot of controversy and rumors. Among them, many patients and practitioners have complained of a dry mouth after wearing different types of facial masks for a variable period of time. The aim of this study was to analyze the quantitative (un-/stimulated salivary flow rate) and qualitative (pH and buffer capacity) changes in saliva in mask wearers. Methodology Forty subjects were selected for this study. All of them wore alternatively no mask, a surgical mask for 2 hours, and FFP2 mask for 2 hours (groups 1, 2, and 3). Saliva samples were collected from all the subjects in the groups and analyzed to determine the values of un-/stimulated salivary flow rate, the pH, and buffer capacity using GC Saliva-Check Buffer (GC Corporation, Japan). Descriptive and analytical statistics were performed using ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results For unstimulated saliva samples, between groups 1 and 3, statistically significant differences were recorded, with a significance level of 0,02<p=0,05. For stimulated saliva, salivary pH or buffer samples, no significant differences were found between groups. Conclusion Wearing FFP2 masks for two hours showed a reduction in salivary flow rate compared to subjects who did not wear facial masks. Wearing surgical masks did not produce changes in salivary flow rates, pH or buffer capacity.
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Shimasaki, Noriko, and Hideaki Morikawa. "Prevention of COVID-19 Infection with Personal Protective Equipment." Journal of Disaster Research 16, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2021.p0061.

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A new infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has spread rapidly worldwide in 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic in Japan can be viewed as an urban disaster because transmission of this respiratory disease tends to occur in densely populated areas. A scientific understanding of the pathogen itself, the cause of the disaster (infectious disease), as well as infection control measures, are important to implement robust and appropriate countermeasures. This review discribes the features, especially the modes of transmission, of COVID-19 and the principles by which infection control is possible using one of the most effective infection control measures – personal protective equipment (PPE). Because COVID-19 is often transmitted to others by asymptomatic individuals through droplets, even those who are unaware of their infection should wear masks to prevent the spread of droplets that may contain the virus and effectively control the spread of disease. However, given the worldwide competition for masks and the urgent requirement of effective controls, it is necessary to conduct further research to establish a system that can supply adequate numbers of masks to regions where many people are infected in the country, with no shortage of masks, in order to make the country more resilient to disasters caused by infectious diseases in the future.
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Sugimura, Mana, Odgerel Chimed-Ochir, Yui Yumiya, Hiroki Ohge, Nobuaki Shime, Takemasa Sakaguchi, Junko Tanaka, et al. "The Association between Wearing a Mask and COVID-19." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 9131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179131.

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With the widespread and increasing number of cases of Coronavirus Disease (2019) globally, countries have been taking preventive measures against this pandemic. However, there is no universal agreement across cultures on whether wearing face masks are an effective physical intervention against disease transmission. We investigated the relationship between mask wearing and COVID-19 among close contacts of COVID-19 patients in the Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. In the Hiroshima Prefecture, a COVID-19 form adapted from the reporting form, “Japanese Surveillance in Post-Extreme Emergencies and Disasters”, was developed to collect data from COVID-19 patients’ close contacts under active epidemiological surveillance at Public Health Centers. The relative risk of COVID-19 for mask users versus non-mask users was calculated. A total of 820 interviewees were included in the analysis and 53.3% of them responded that they wore masks. Non-mask users were infected at a rate of 16.4%, while mask users were infected at a rate of 7.1%. Those who wore masks were infected at a rate of 0.4 times that of those who did not wear masks. (RR = 0.4, 95%CI = 0.3–0.6; Adjusted RR = 0.6, 95%CI = 0.3–0.9). These findings implied that COVID-19 could be avoided to a certain degree by wearing a mask.
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Firmalasari, Benita Kristi, and Resa Rasyidah. "The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Environment." WIMAYA 1, no. 02 (December 11, 2020): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/wimaya.v1i02.33.

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The Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the environment. The enormous need for personal protective equipment (PPE) masks (both medical and non-medical masks), protective clothing, face shields, gloves to hand sanitizers and disinfectants has resulted in the accumulation of medical waste in some regions in Indonesia. This paper aims to describe the environmental diplomacy and international cooperation efforts undertaken by the Indonesian government to address these problems. The author finds that Indonesia's environmental diplomacy was carried out before the pandemic occurred, but not much has focused on medical waste management. International cooperation to overcome the problem of medical waste accumulation has been carried out with some countries such as Japan, ASEAN and also WHO. Of course, considering that this pandemic is still ongoing, it is hoped that this paper can be the start of research and can be used as a stepping stone for further research.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Masks Japan"

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Yamada, Ryūsaku. "'Debate on mass society' in Japan : class, mass, citizen." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251219.

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Abe, Yoko. "Manufacturing security mass media coverage of depleted uranium weapon used in Okinawa, Japan /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2197.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 230 p. : col. ill., col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 198-209).
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Aoyagi, Hiroshi. "Islands of eight million smiles, pop-idol performances and the field of symbolic production." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ46312.pdf.

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Plugh, Michael. "Team Japan: Themes of ‘Japaneseness’ in Mass Media Sports Narratives." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/343328.

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Media & Communication
Ph.D.
This dissertation concerns the reproduction and negotiation of Japanese national identity at the intersection between sports, media, and globalization. The research includes the analysis of newspaper coverage of the most significant sporting events in recent Japanese history, including the 2014 Koshien National High School Baseball Championships, the awarding of the People’s Honor Award, the 2011 FIFA Women’s World Cup, wrestler Hakuho’s record breaking victories in the sumo ring, and the bidding process for the 2020 Olympic Games. 2054 Japanese language articles were examined by thematic analysis in order to identify the extent to which established themes of “Japaneseness” were reproduced or renegotiated in the coverage. The research contributes to a broader understanding of national identity negotiation by illustrating the manner in which established symbolic boundaries are reproduced in service of the nation, particularly via mass media. Furthermore, the manner in which change is negotiated through processes of assimilation and rejection was considered through the lens of hybridity theory.
Temple University--Theses
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Takata, Yumie. "Mammographic Density, Body Mass Index, and Dietary Habits in Japan and Hawaii." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/6963.

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The topic of this master's thesis is breast cancer risk and its relationships to one's diet and nutrition. There is evidence that lifestyle, family history, dietary habits, reproductive history, and anthropometric characteristics are associated with the risk of breast cancer. The well-established risk factors for breast cancer are age, reproductive behavior, family history of breast cancer, years of education, and anthropometric and dietary factors. However, when it comes to dietary factors, there needs to be further research to clarify the relationship with the disease. Breast cancer incidence rates differ by ethnicity and also by geographic location. Migrant studies have shown that rates among migrants from a low-risk country to a high-risk country were higher than the rates among women in their homelands. This suggests that the increase in rates among the same ethnic group might be caused by changes in the environment, including dietary habits. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of diet with Body Mass Index (BMI) and breast cancer risk, as measured by mammographic density, among Japanese women in Japan and Japanese and Caucasian women in Hawaiʻi. The validated Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) were used to assess dietary intake as well as descriptive characteristics, which include demographic, anthropometric and reproductive characteristics. Analysis of Variance was used to compare the differences in descriptive characteristics and diet among the three groups of women. To explore the association between diet and the determinants of BMI and mammographic density, multiple regression was applied. Among the three groups of women in the study, anthropometric and mammographic characteristics differed by ethnicity but not by place of residence. Dietary habits differed considerably by ethnicity and place of residence. It appeared that the diet of Japanese women in Hawaiʻi was a combination of foods eaten in Japan and dietary habits of Caucasian women in Hawaiʻi. Intake of ethanol was associated with BMI in both pre- and postmenopausal women, while association with the other dietary factors differed depending on menopausal status. BMI was more strongly associated with dietary variables among premenopausal women than descriptive characteristics, while it was strongly associated with Japanese ethnicity among postmenopausal women. Intakes of fat, cholesterol, carbohydrates, vitamin A, fish, and eggs were associated with mammographic density in the current study. BMI was the strongest predictor of mammographic density. Dietary intake explained little of the variation in mammographic density. It is still questionable whether mammographic density among different ethnic groups is comparable as an indicator for breast cancer risk. Total dense area of the breast maybe a better indicator. For future studies, it is suggested that associations between body fat distributions, as a possible indicator for breast cancer risk, and diet be examined, adjusted for reproductive histories and biochemical measures for hormones.
xiii, 96 leaves
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Daniels, Inge Maria. "The fame of Miyajima : spirituality, commodification and the tourist trade of souvenirs in Japan." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317570/.

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My thesis questions common assumptions that mass production and distribution diminishes the spiritual power of objects. The rice scoop (shamoji) provides a case study of a material form which functions as a vehicle of spiritual power in Japan. The shamoji is much more than a mere kitchen utensil.It is also a recognised national symbol linked with chancing ideas concerning rice, feminine gender roles and spirituality. Moreover, as an idiom the shamoji has many unrecognised consequences. Seventy percent of all Shamoj in Japan are distributed via Miyajima,a small island located Southwest of Hiroshima in the Japanese Inland Sea. An ethnographic investigation, firstly, explores the ramifications of shamoji for different groups involved in its production, distribution and consymption on the island. Secondly, an analysis of consumption of shamoji among various segments of urban Japanese provides insights into religious and social practices in the domestic and public domains of life. I argue that the commodification of shamoji and their increased distribution to major cities via multiple distribution networks does not diminish their spiritual power. Instead, this process enhances their spirituality, spreading the fame of Miyajima and its shamoji. My work addresses issues such as the impact of commercialisation upon religious form,the way spirituality is embodied in material culture and the link between formal religion and the everyday life of the household. The core contribution of this study is to rethink the embodiment of spirituality in the context of modernity and mass consumption and the role industrially produced and commercially distributed commodities play in the democratic distribution of spiritual power. Unlike previous studies, my thesis presents a more comprehensive example directly entering the world of 'the tourist trade of souvenirs' and 'the arena of women and everyday domestic consumption'. Within these contexts assumptions about the dissipation of spirituality are much more entrenched.
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Ngoro, Blackman Rodrick. "Framing the other : representations of Africa in The Japan Times/Online between January and December 2000 : a case study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002931.

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The aim of this study is to find out, against the news genre norms, how representations of particular regions are produced in the structure of newspaper reporting in the foreign news sub-genre. The study focuses on news reports concerning Africa, or African countries, in one Tokyo-based newspaper: The Japan Times/Online. The study is theoretically informed by Cultural Studies – a field of study concerned with the study of ideology and power in discourse – and investigates how Africa and African countries are represented as “other” than developed countries. This is a textual study that focuses on the production moment using Critical Discourse Analysis methods. Critical discourse analysis is interested in the study of ideological forms that have become naturalised over time, so that ideology has become common sense. The first part of the study analyses headlines and reveals evidence of ideological positions adopted by The Japan Times/Online in the representation of, firstly, home or Japanese actors, which is very different to the representation of African actors. The second part of the analysis examines the structures of the texts and the language used therein. The evidence from this analysis shows how Africa is represented as a Third World entity through various crises, including a health epidemic, perceptions of political instability and economic instability, an inadequate business image, as well as market and managerial skills, and wars and conflict. The study concludes with a discussion of the representation of Africa and African countries as a part of the Third World entity. This representation reflects and naturalises social inequality between developed countries and those of the Third World, of which Africa is a part. The representation of Africa as a Third World entity also naturalises the social, health, economic and political conditions said to be characteristic of African countries. It is this process of representation that reveals the power relations between Japan as a First World country and Africa as part of the Third World.
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Greene, Hayley Rose. "The practice of mobile phone advertising in Japan: A grounded theory approach to looking at consumer perceptions." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28354.

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This research examines consumer perceptions towards the practice of mobile phone advertising in Japan. The research follows a grounded theory approach, guided by Strauss and Corbin (1998). The primary research was conducted in Tokyo. It was found that in Japan's technologically advanced society, advertisers desired to reach consumers on their 3B mobile phones. However, use of these devices differed among demographic segmentations and consumers held unfavourable views towards the overload of irrelevant incoming ads. As a result, the recommendations made for the Japanese mobile advertising industry were: (1) for advertisers to use Bayesian Networks to create highly targeted ads; (2) to improve communication between advertisers and mobile phone engineers, and (3) to discontinue lacklustre text only ads and create innovative multimedia ads. This research contributes to the literature on new media advertising by providing insight into an important component of the mobile phone advertising phenomenon: audience research.
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Smith, Martyn David. "Representing nation in postwar Japan : Cold War, consumption and the mass media, 1952-1972." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2014. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/20307/.

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This thesis argues that the development of ideas of nation in the 1950s and 1960s strongly tied questions of Japanese national identity to the changing international environment and to the everyday lives of the people. A growing commercially driven mass media helped broaden representations of nation beyond the overtly political and ideological concepts of the immediate postwar period. During the 1950s, the promotion of consumption became tied to the goal of national economic development. This conflicted with calls for rationalisation and thrift and at the same time brought out the contradictions of Japanese economic development under US hegemony. During the 1950s and 1960s, popular magazines, radio and television were put to use promoting consumption through advertising. The same goal was evident in the burgeoning mass circulation magazines, which grew with and in response to consumer society. Articles in these magazines addressed issues of national identity not simply through the advertising of consumer goods, and magazines aimed at young people such as Shukan Heibon and Heibon Punch and graphic magazines such as the Yomiuri Graph and Mainichi Graph as well as magazines aimed at housewives all created ideals of what Japan represented and what it meant to be Japanese. Through discussion of political and social issues, ideas of nation were flagged in ways which tied those representations to consumption. These ideas of nation reflected the ambiguity and contradictions of the country's relationship with the United States and the changing nature of the Cold War. By examining the ways in which important political issues were presented in these magazines, this thesis argues that ideas of nation became deeply connected to consumer society and popular culture, making a separation between political and cultural ideas of nation much more difficult.
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Horvit, Beverly J. "Putting Okinawa on the agenda : a case study on agenda-setting in U.S. foreign policy /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9962533.

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Books on the topic "Masks Japan"

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Monica, Bethe, Goodall-Cristante Hollis, and Los Angeles County Museum of Art., eds. Miracles & mischief: Noh and Kyōgen theater in Japan. Los Angeles, CA: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 2002.

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Katoh, Amy Sylvester. Otafuku, joy of Japan =: [Otafuku]. Boston, Mass: Tuttle Pub., 2005.

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Naoaki, Aizaki, Photomask Japan, BACUS (Technical group), Ōyō Butsuri Gakkai, and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers. Japan Chapter., eds. Photomask and X-ray mask technology IV: 17-18 April, 1997, Kawasaki, Japan. Bellingham, Washington: SPIE, 1997.

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Hiroichi, Kawahira, Photomask Japan, BACUS (Technical group), Ōyō Butsuri Gakkai, Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (Japan), and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., eds. Photomask and next-generation lithography mask technology IX: 23-25 April, 2002, Yokohama, Japan. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2002.

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Hiroyoshi, Tanabe, Photomask Japan, BACUS (Technical group), Ōyō Butsuri Gakkai, Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (Japan), and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., eds. Photomask and next-generation lithography mask technology X: 16-18 April, 2003, Yokohama, Japan. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2003.

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Hosono, Kunihiro. Photomask and next-generation lithography mask technology XVII: 13-15 April 2010, Yokohama, Japan. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2010.

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Hosono, Kunihiro. Photomask and next-generation lithography mask technology XVI: 8-10 April 2009, Yokohama, Japan. Edited by Photomask Japan, BACUS (Technical group), and SPIE (Society). Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2009.

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Hosono, Kunihiro. Photomask and next-generation lithography mask technology XVII: 13-15 April 2010, Yokohama, Japan. Edited by SPIE (Society) and Photomask Japan. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2010.

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Charbonnier, Jean Christophe. Casques, masques et armures des seigneurs de l'ancien Japon =: Helmets, masks, and armor of the lords of the old Japan. Paris, France: ToriiLinks, 2003.

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Nakamura, Yasuo. Taga Taisha no nōmen kyōgenmen. Shiga-ken Inukami-gun Taga-chō: Taga Taisha Shamusho, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Masks Japan"

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Hamada, Akinori. "Wearing Masks: Living and Coping “WITH CORONA” in Japan Under the Pandemic." In Pandemics and Epidemics in Cultural Representation, 179–91. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1296-2_12.

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Huang, Futao. "Higher Education Development in Japan." In Mass Higher Education Development in East Asia, 27–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12673-9_2.

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Mimura, Janis. "Economic Control and Consent in Wartime Japan." In The Palgrave Handbook of Mass Dictatorship, 157–69. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-43763-1_13.

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Hirata, Kenichiro, Morimichi Fukuda, and Satoaki Mima. "Mass survey of hepatocellular carcinoma by ultrasound." In Primary Liver Cancer in Japan, 201–10. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68177-9_19.

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Moore, Gregory F., and Michael Strasser. "Large Mass Transport Deposits in Kumano Basin, Nankai Trough, Japan." In Submarine Mass Movements and their Consequences, 371–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20979-1_37.

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Kawatake, Kazuo, and Meiko Sugiyama. "Images of Foreigners in Mass Media." In Quantitative Social Research in Germany and Japan, 313–33. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-95919-5_15.

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Holmes, Brian. "Education in Japan Competition in a Mass System." In Equality and Freedom in Education, 209–52. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003287643-7.

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Kim, Kyu Hyun. "Total War Mobilisation and the Transformation of the National Public Sphere in Japan, 1931–45." In Mass Dictatorship and Modernity, 117–42. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137304339_7.

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Morozumi, Akiko. "Faculty Participation in University Decision Making and Management in Japan." In Mass Higher Education Development in East Asia, 325–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12673-9_19.

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Ikehara, Ken, Juichiro Ashi, Hideaki Machiyama, and Masaaki Shirai. "Submarine Slope Response to Earthquake Shaking Within Western Sagami Bay, Central Japan." In Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences, 539–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2162-3_48.

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Conference papers on the topic "Masks Japan"

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Maurer, Wilhelm, and Donald J. Samuels. "Masks for 0.25-μm lithography." In Photomask Japan '94, edited by Hideo Yoshihara. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.191936.

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Izumi, Nozomu, Miwako Ando, Yoshiyuki Nagai, and Nobuhiko Yabu. "Demands for masks in 1.5μm generation." In Photomask Japan 2014, edited by Kokoro Kato. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2065219.

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Hortenbach, Olga, Haiko Rolff, Alexander Lajn, and Martin Baessler. "Effects of hard mask etch on final topography of advanced phase shift masks." In Photomask Japan 2017, edited by Kiwamu Takehisa. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2277708.

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Imai, Akira, Tsuneo Terasawa, Norio Hasegawa, Naoko Asai, Toshihiko P. Tanaka, and Shinji Okazaki. "Phase-shifting masks for giga-scale ULSIs." In Photomask Japan 1995, edited by Hideo Yoshihara. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.212800.

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Buck, Peter D., and Robert A. Holmstrom. "Post apply bake optimization for 6025 masks." In Photomask Japan '97, edited by Naoaki Aizaki. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.277273.

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Su, Bo, Oleg Syrel, Michael Pomerantsev, Kazuyuki Hagiwara, Ryan Pearman, Leo Pang, and Aki Fujimara. "Simulation-based MDP verification for leading-edge masks." In Photomask Japan 2017, edited by Kiwamu Takehisa. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2280841.

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Ito, Masaaki, Takashi Soga, Hiromasa Yamanashi, and Taro Ogawa. "Reflection masks for soft x-ray projection lithography." In Photomask Japan 1995, edited by Hideo Yoshihara. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.212759.

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Noguchi, Hitoshi, Meguru Kashida, and Yoshihiro Kubota. "Development of Si frame-mounting x-ray masks." In Photomask Japan '94, edited by Hideo Yoshihara. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.191920.

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Valadez, John, Yu-Po Tang, and Mikhayil Mkrtchyan. "An optimized data prep flow for curvilinear masks." In Photomask Japan 2022, edited by Yosuke Kojima. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2640638.

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Mohri, Hiroshi, Keiji Hashimoto, T. Tominaga, Yasutaka Morikawa, Junji Fujikawa, Hiroyuki Inomata, Y. Iimura, Wataru Gotoh, Masahiro Takahashi, and Hisatake Sano. "Manufacturing of half-tone phase-shift masks I: blank." In Photomask Japan '94, edited by Hideo Yoshihara. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.191935.

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Reports on the topic "Masks Japan"

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Mitchell, B. G., Dariusz Stramski, and Piotr Flatau. Optical Properties as Tracers of Water Mass Structure and Circulation Patterns in the Japan (East) Sea. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada384105.

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Bercovier, Herve, and Ronald P. Hedrick. Diagnostic, eco-epidemiology and control of KHV, a new viral pathogen of koi and common carp. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695593.bard.

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Original objectives and revisions-The proposed research included these original objectives: field validation of diagnostic tests (PCR), the development and evaluation of new sensitive tools (LC-PCR/TaqManPCR, antibody detection by ELISA) including their use to study the ecology and the epidemiology of KHV (virus distribution in the environment and native cyprinids) and the carrier status of fish exposed experimentally or naturally to KHV (sites of virus replication and potential persistence or latency). In the course of the study we completed the genome sequence of KHV and developed a DNA array to study the expression of KHV genes in different conditions. Background to the topics-Mass mortality of koi or common carp has been observed in Israel, USA, Europe and Asia. These outbreaks have reduced exports of koi from Israel and have created fear about production, import, and movements of koi and have raised concerns about potential impacts on native cyprinid populations in the U.S.A. Major conclusions-A suite of new diagnostic tools was developed that included 3 PCR assays for detection of KHV DNA in cell culture and fish tissues and an ELISA assay capable of detecting anti-KHV antibodies in the serum of koi and common carp. The TKPCR assay developed during the grant has become an internationally accepted gold standard for detection of viral DNA. Additionally, the ELISA developed for detecting serum anti-KHV antibodies is now in wide use as a major nonlethal screening tool for evaluating virus status of koi and common carp populations. Real time PCR assays have been able to detect viral DNA in the internal organs of survivors of natural and wild type vaccine exposures at 1 and 10³ genome equivalents at 7 months after exposure. In addition, vaccinated fish were able to transmit the virus to naive fish. Potential control utilizing hybrids of goldfish and common carp for production demonstrated they were considerably more resistant than pure common carp or koi to both KHV (CyHV-3). There was no evidence that goldfish or other tested endemic cyprinids species were susceptible to KHV. The complete genomic sequencing of 3 strains from Japan, the USA, and Israel revealed a 295 kbp genome containing a 22 kbp terminal direct repeat encoding clear gene homologs to other fish herpesviruses in the family Herpesviridae. The genome encodes156 unique protein-coding genes, eight of which are duplicated in the terminal repeat. Four to seven genes are fragmented and the loss of these genes may be associated with the high virulence of the virus. Viral gene expression was studies by a newly developed chip which has allowed verification of transcription of most all hypothetical genes (ORFs) as well as their kinetics. Implications, both scientific and agricultural- The results from this study have immediate application for the control and management of KHV. The proposal provides elements key to disease management with improved diagnostic tools. Studies on the ecology of the virus also provide insights into management of the virus at the farms that farmers will be able to apply immediately to reduce risks of infections. Lastly, critical issues that surround present procedures used to create “resistant fish” must be be resolved (e.g. carriers, risks, etc.). Currently stamping out may be effective in eradicating the disease. The emerging disease caused by KHV continues to spread. With the economic importance of koi and carp and the vast international movements of koi for the hobby, this disease has the potential for even further spread. The results from our studies form a critical component of a comprehensive program to curtail this emerging pathogen at the local, regional and international levels.
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