Journal articles: 'Mask-on'

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O'Kane, Paul. "On Mask-Ocracy." Third Text 36, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09528822.2022.2027673.

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Cao Chengshuo, 曹城硕, and 袁杰 Yuan Jie. "Mask-Wearing Detection Method Based on YOLO-Mask." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 58, no. 8 (2021): 0810019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop202158.0810019.

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Stewart, Ronald D., Richard Kaplan, Bernard Pennock, and Frank Thompson. "Influence of mask design on bag-mask ventilation." Annals of Emergency Medicine 14, no. 5 (May 1985): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(85)80281-x.

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Brown, D. G. "On Doffing the Mask." Journal of Academic Ethics 5, no. 2-4 (August 21, 2007): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10805-007-9034-8.

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Lee, Sung-Woo, Suk-Joo Lee, Sung-Woon Choi, and Woo-Sung Han. "Study of Mask Proximity Impact on Mask Mean-to-Target Specification." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 46, no. 12 (December 6, 2007): 7684–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.46.7684.

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Kang, Yeo Sun. "Research on Uncomfortableness and Customer Needs of Life-type Protection Mask : Focused on UV Protection Mask and Dust Protection Mask." Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles 40, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 114–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5850/jksct.2016.40.1.114.

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Kim, Young-Mi. "Study on Determinants of Mask Attribute and Consumer Happiness: Focused on Mask Function Attribute, Mask Fashion Attribute, Price, Switching Intention." Journal of Korea Culture Industry 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35174/jkci.2022.06.22.2.49.

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Morciglio, Anthony J., and Yi Jiang. "Mask on, Mask off: An SEIAR Model to Evaluate the Role of Mask in Preventing Disease Transmission." Biophysical Journal 120, no. 3 (February 2021): 263a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.1686.

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Flannery Wainwright, Susan. "Put Your Mask On First…" Journal of Physical Therapy Education 36, no. 3 (September 2022): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jte.0000000000000249.

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Smith, Timothy A. "The Expression on the Mask." American String Teacher 39, no. 3 (August 1989): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313138903900319.

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Fisher, A. H. "Pattern transfer on mask membranes." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 16, no. 6 (November 1998): 3572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.590308.

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LI Wu-sheng, 黎午升, 惠官宝 HUI Guan-bao, 崔承镇 CHOI Seung-jin, 史大为 SHI Da-wei, 郭建 GUO Jian, 孙双 SUN Shuang, and 薛建设 XUE Jian-she. "Preliminary study on improving resolution on mirror projection mask aligner with phase shift mask." Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays 29, no. 4 (2014): 544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/yjyxs20142904.0544.

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Shaodan, Lin, Feng Chen, and Chen Zhide. "A Ship Target Location and Mask Generation Algorithms Base on Mask RCNN." International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems 12, no. 2 (2019): 1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ijcis.d.191008.001.

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Yang, Lanlan, Yan Tu, Baoping Wang, Xiong Zhang, Qing Li, Yaosheng Zheng, and Zhong Wu. "Effects of shadow-mask voltage on the discharge in shadow-mask PDPs." Journal of the Society for Information Display 17, no. 12 (2009): 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1889/jsid17.12.997.

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Lee, Sung-Woo, Doo-Youl Lee, Sang-Gyun Woo, and Han-Ku Cho. "Explicit expression on specifications of mask mean to target and mask uniformity." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 24, no. 2 (2006): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.2172250.

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Deindl, Philipp, Megan O‘Reilly, Katharina Zoller, Angelika Berger, Arnold Pollak, Jens Schwindt, and Georg M. Schmölzer. "Influence of mask type and mask position on the effectiveness of bag-mask ventilation in a neonatal manikin." European Journal of Pediatrics 173, no. 1 (August 11, 2013): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-013-2122-4.

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Chen, Yuzhen, Menghan Hu, Chunjun Hua, Guangtao Zhai, Jian Zhang, Qingli Li, and Simon X. Yang. "Face Mask Assistant: Detection of Face Mask Service Stage Based on Mobile Phone." IEEE Sensors Journal 21, no. 9 (May 1, 2021): 11084–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2021.3061178.

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Choi, Jung-Hwa. "An Analysis on the Application of Functional Mask for Protection in Fashion Mask." Fashion & Textile Research Journal 15, no. 6 (December 31, 2013): 851–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5805/sfti.2013.15.6.851.

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Shenoy, R. V., and M. Datta. "Effect of Mask Wall Angle on Shape Evolution during Through‐Mask Electrochemical Micromachining." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 143, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1836477.

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Kondo, K., M. Yamada, M. Nakaishi, J. Kudo, and K. Sugishima. "Effects of X-ray mask structures and processes on X-ray mask distortion." Microelectronic Engineering 11, no. 1-4 (April 1990): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-9317(90)90120-i.

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Barberie, Peter. "Thoughts on Exhibiting a Pende Mask." Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University 58, no. 1/2 (1999): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3774792.

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Ren, Xiaokang, and Xingxing Liu. "Mask wearing detection based on YOLOv3." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1678 (November 2020): 012089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1678/1/012089.

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Forde, I., C. Colaco, M. Mansukhani, WR Moore, B. Colaco, and EJ Olson. "1250 Blame it on the mask." Sleep 40, suppl_1 (April 28, 2017): A465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepj/zsx052.040.

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Angaramo, Santiago, Janice C. Law, Alexander Spyros Maris, Jonathan Edward Schmitz, Yuhan Liu, Qingxia Chen, and Amy Chomsky. "Potential impact of oral flora dispersal on patients wearing face masks when undergoing ophthalmologic procedures." BMJ Open Ophthalmology 6, no. 1 (October 2021): e000804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000804.

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ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to investigate the amount of oral flora dispersion towards the ocular surface in relation to various face mask scenarios.Methods and analysisThirty participants were recruited for this prospective cross-sectional study. Each participant was seated and instructed to hold a blood agar plate perpendicular to the bridge of their nose and facing downward. Participants then partook in three unique face mask scenarios: no face mask, surgical face mask and surgical face mask with tape securing the superior edge. During each scenario, participants were instructed to forcefully exhale for 5 s three times. The primary outcome measure was the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) grown on each face mask scenario-specific plate.ResultsThirty participants were recruited for the study, and a total of 90 chocolate agar plates were successfully incubated. The proportion of detecting any CFU was 6.67% (95% CI: 0.818% to 22.1%) for no mask scenario, 0% (95% CI: 0% to 11.6%) for mask scenario and 3.33% (95% CI: 0.0844% to 17.2%) for mask-taped scenario. The mean differences in proportion of detecting any CFU were 3.33% (95% CI: 0% to 10%, p=0.309) for no mask versus mask taped, 3.35% (95% CI: 0% to 10%, p=0.307) for mask taped versus mask and 6.68% (95% CI: 0% to 16.7%, p=0.142) for no mask versus mask.ConclusionThis study showed no difference in bacterial dispersion towards the ocular surface when comparing no face mask, a surgical face mask without tape or a surgical face mask with tape.

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Angaramo, Santiago, Janice C. Law, Alexander Spyros Maris, Jonathan Edward Schmitz, Yuhan Liu, Qingxia Chen, and Amy Chomsky. "Potential impact of oral flora dispersal on patients wearing face masks when undergoing ophthalmologic procedures." BMJ Open Ophthalmology 6, no. 1 (October 2021): e000804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000804.

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ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to investigate the amount of oral flora dispersion towards the ocular surface in relation to various face mask scenarios.Methods and analysisThirty participants were recruited for this prospective cross-sectional study. Each participant was seated and instructed to hold a blood agar plate perpendicular to the bridge of their nose and facing downward. Participants then partook in three unique face mask scenarios: no face mask, surgical face mask and surgical face mask with tape securing the superior edge. During each scenario, participants were instructed to forcefully exhale for 5 s three times. The primary outcome measure was the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) grown on each face mask scenario-specific plate.ResultsThirty participants were recruited for the study, and a total of 90 chocolate agar plates were successfully incubated. The proportion of detecting any CFU was 6.67% (95% CI: 0.818% to 22.1%) for no mask scenario, 0% (95% CI: 0% to 11.6%) for mask scenario and 3.33% (95% CI: 0.0844% to 17.2%) for mask-taped scenario. The mean differences in proportion of detecting any CFU were 3.33% (95% CI: 0% to 10%, p=0.309) for no mask versus mask taped, 3.35% (95% CI: 0% to 10%, p=0.307) for mask taped versus mask and 6.68% (95% CI: 0% to 16.7%, p=0.142) for no mask versus mask.ConclusionThis study showed no difference in bacterial dispersion towards the ocular surface when comparing no face mask, a surgical face mask without tape or a surgical face mask with tape.

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Wu, Hao, Yulong Liu, Xiangrong Xu, and Yukun Gao. "Object Detection Based on the GrabCut Method for Automatic Mask Generation." Micromachines 13, no. 12 (November 28, 2022): 2095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13122095.

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The Mask R-CNN-based object detection method is typically very time-consuming and laborious since it involves obtaining the required target object masks during training. Therefore, in order to automatically generate the image mask, we propose a GrabCut-based automated mask generation method for object detection. The proposed method consists of two stages. The first stage is based on GrabCut’s interactive image segmentation method to generate the mask. The second stage is based on the object detection network of Mask R-CNN, which uses the mask from the previous stage together with the original input image and the associated label information for training. The Mask R-CNN model then automatically detects the relevant objects during testing. During experimentation with three objects from the Berkeley Instance Recognition Dataset, this method achieved a mean of average precision (mAP) value of over 95% for segmentation. The proposed method is simple and highly efficient in obtaining the mask of a segmented target object.

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Astolfi, Arianna, Giuseppina Emma Puglisi, Louena Shtrepi, Paolo Tronville, Jesús Alejandro Marval Diaz, Alessio Carullo, Alberto Vallan, Alessio Atzori, Ada Ferri, and Francesca Dotti. "Effects of Face Masks on Physiological Parameters and Voice Production during Cycling Activity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (May 26, 2022): 6491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116491.

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This study investigates the effects of face masks on physiological and voice parameters, focusing on cyclists that perform incremental sports activity. Three healthy male subjects were monitored in a climatic chamber wearing three types of masks with different acoustic properties, breathing resistance, and air filtration performance. Masks A and B were surgical masks made of hydrophobic fabric and three layers of non-woven fabric of 100% polypropylene, respectively. Mask S was a multilayer cloth mask designed for sports activity. Mask B and Mask S behave similarly and show lower sound attenuation and sound transmission loss and lower breathing resistance than Mask A, although Mask A exhibits slightly higher filtration efficiency. Similar cheek temperatures were observed for Masks A and B, while a significantly higher temperature was measured with Mask S at incremental physical activity. No differences were found between the masks and the no-mask condition for voice monitoring. Overall, Mask B and Mask S are suitable for sports activities without adverse effects on voice production while ensuring good breathing resistance and filtration efficiency. These outcomes support choosing appropriate masks for sports activities, showing the best trade-off between breathing resistance and filtration efficiency, sound attenuation, and sound transmission loss.

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Shaw, Keely, Scotty Butcher, Jongbum Ko, Gordon A. Zello, and Philip D. Chilibeck. "Wearing of Cloth or Disposable Surgical Face Masks has no Effect on Vigorous Exercise Performance in Healthy Individuals." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (November 3, 2020): 8110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218110.

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Wearing face masks is recommended for the prevention of contracting or exposing others to cardiorespiratory infections, such as COVID-19. Controversy exists on whether wearing face masks during vigorous exercise affects performance. We used a randomized, counterbalanced cross-over design to evaluate the effects of wearing a surgical mask, a cloth mask, or no mask in 14 participants (7 men and 7 women; 28.2 ± 8.7 y) during a cycle ergometry test to exhaustion. Arterial oxygen saturation (pulse oximetry) and tissue oxygenation index (indicator of hemoglobin saturation/desaturation) at vastus lateralis (near-infrared spectroscopy) were assessed throughout the exercise tests. Wearing face masks had no effect on performance (time to exhaustion (mean ± SD): no mask 622 ± 141 s, surgical mask 657 ± 158 s, cloth mask 637 ± 153 s (p = 0.20); peak power: no mask 234 ± 56 W, surgical mask 241 ± 57 W, cloth mask 241 ± 51 W (p = 0.49)). When expressed relative to peak exercise performance, no differences were evident between wearing or not wearing a mask for arterial oxygen saturation, tissue oxygenation index, rating of perceived exertion, or heart rate at any time during the exercise tests. Wearing a face mask during vigorous exercise had no discernable detrimental effect on blood or muscle oxygenation, and exercise performance in young, healthy participants (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04557605).

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Zhou, Ming, Jue Wang, and Bo Li. "ARG-Mask RCNN: An Infrared Insulator Fault-Detection Network Based on Improved Mask RCNN." Sensors 22, no. 13 (June 22, 2022): 4720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22134720.

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Traditional power equipment defect-detection relies on manual verification, which places a high demand on the verifier’s experience, as well as a high workload and low efficiency, which can lead to false detection and missed detection. The Mask of the regions with CNN features (Mask RCNN) deep learning model is used to provide a defect-detection approach based on the Mask RCNN of Attention, Rotation, Genetic algorithm (ARG-Mask RCNN), which employs infrared imaging as the data source to assess the features of damaged insulators. For the backbone network of Mask RCNN, the structure of Residual Network 101 (ResNet101) is improved and the attention mechanism is added, which makes the model more alert to small targets and can quickly identify the location of small targets, improve the loss function, integrate the rotation mechanism into the loss function formula, and generate an anchor frame where a rotation angle is used to accurately locate the fault location. The initial hyperparameters of the network are improved, and the Genetic Algorithm Combined with Gradient Descent (GA-GD) algorithm is used to optimize the model hyperparameters, so that the model training results are as close to the global best as possible. The experimental results show that the average accuracy of the insulator fault-detection method proposed in this paper is as high as 98%, and the number of frames per second (FPS) is 5.75, which provides a guarantee of the safe, stable, and reliable operation of our country’s power system.

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Ozasa, Kazunari, Tianchun Ye, and Yoshinobu Aoyagi. "Selective epitaxy of GaAs on indium oxide mask followed byin situremoval of the mask." Applied Physics Letters 63, no. 12 (September 20, 1993): 1634–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110719.

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Klinger, F., F. Caviggioli, A. V. Pagliari, C. Andretto Amodeo, S. Duchini, and M. Klinger. "Protective mask in quick rehabilitation after rhinoplasty on professional sportsmen: protective mask after rhinoplasty." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 16, no. 2 (April 2006): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00527.x.

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Kim, M. Justin, Rebecca A. Loucks, Maital Neta, F. Caroline Davis, Jonathan A. Oler, Emily C. Mazzulla, and Paul J. Whalen. "Behind the mask: the influence of mask-type on amygdala response to fearful faces." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 5, no. 4 (February 10, 2010): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsq014.

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PhD, Emtithal Ahmed, Almustafa Mohamed, and Ammar Khairi. "CAD System Based on Face Mask Recognition for Respiratory Infections Diseases Hospital." Journal of Image Processing and Intelligent Remote Sensing, no. 31 (January 28, 2023): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jipirs.31.40.48.

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The infection of respiratory diseases can be eliminating and controlling by wearing face mask in contaminated areas. However, to control people about wearing face mask it has been challenging unless the automatic recognitions are applied. Therefore, in this paper, a Face Mask Recognition System by Computer Aided Design (CAD) is introduced. The proposed design system is based on face, mouth and nose detections in captured image. The CAD system considers to be implemented for specialized respiratory diseases hospital with different departments, each department controlled by separated door. The main goal of this paper is to design system based on software programs that helps reduce the spread of respiratory diseases and controlling wearing face mask inside respiratory infection diseases hospital based on mask detection and mask color detection. The proposed system designed for hospital with three respiratory diseases departments and three mask color applied each mask color for each department. The mask recognition system has been used cascaded object detector that is Local Binary Pattern Histogram LBPH algorithm, then color detection as artificial intelligence-based method, Red, Green, and Blue (RGB) color of the face mask images. Finally, by using of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), the classification accuracy of color recognition achieved 100%, and also the whole system functionality tested successfully obtained all results by testing accuracy 95%. The hardware designing circuit simulation in Proteus software were obtained to control the systems of hospital department doors based on the results obtained from MATLAB software.

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Song, Qing, Zhao Qin Yu, Zhong Ning Guo, Guan Wang, and Hong Guang Huang. "Study on Undercut Characteristics of Die Steel in Spray Etching." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 1080–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.1080.

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The NAK80 die steel was processed in spray etching with mask preprocessing.The effect of the mask gap width and etching depth on the undercut ratio was investigated . The result shows that with the increase of the mask gap width the effect of the etching depth on the undercut ratio increases. Based on the experiment, the relation of the mask gap width, the etching depth and the undercut ratio is obtained.

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Miyazaki, Yuki, Miki Kamatani, Tomokazu Suda, Kei Wakasugi, Kaori Matsunaga, and Jun I. Kawahara. "Effects of wearing a transparent face mask on perception of facial expressions." i-Perception 13, no. 3 (May 2022): 204166952211059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20416695221105910.

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Wearing face masks in public has become the norm in many countries post-2020. Although mask-wearing is effective in controlling infection, it has the negative side effect of occluding the mask wearer’s facial expressions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of wearing transparent masks on the perception of facial expressions. Participants were required to categorize the perceived facial emotion of female (Experiment 1) and male (Experiment 2) faces with different facial expressions and to rate the perceived emotion intensity of the faces. Based on the group, the participants were assigned to, the faces were presented with a surgical mask, a transparent mask, or without a mask. The results showed that wearing a surgical mask impaired the performance of reading facial expressions, both with respect to recognition and perceived intensity of facial emotions. Specifically, the impairments were robustly observed in fear and happy faces for emotion recognition, and in happy faces for perceived intensity of emotion in Experiments 1 and 2. However, the impairments were moderated by wearing a transparent mask instead of a surgical mask. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the transparent mask can be used in a range of situations where face-to-face communication is important.

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Shuqiang Guo, Shuqiang Guo, Zhiheng Wang Shuqiang Guo, Yue Lou Zhiheng Wang, Xianjin Li Yue Lou, and Huanqiang Lin Xianjin Li. "Detection Method of Photovoltaic Panel Defect Based on Improved Mask R-CNN." 網際網路技術學刊 23, no. 2 (March 2022): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/160792642022032302018.

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<p>To solve the low efficiency and precision of uncrewed inspection in photovoltaic power stations, a segmentation method of improving the defective photovoltaic panels based on improved Mask R-CNN is proposed. The atrous spatial pyramid pooling and spatial attention mechanism were introduced into the extraction network to improve detection accuracy. Uncrewed aerial vehicle infrared video of the panels is used to input the network model for defect detection. As a result, the automatic annotation of the defect position is achieved, significantly improving the efficiency and precision of uncrewed inspection. The precision, recall and FPS are used as performance metrics to evaluate U-Net, PSPNet, Mask R-CNN and the algorithm in this paper. Experiments show that the detection precision of the four models are 77.3%, 82.2%, 84.0% and 89.8% respectively, the recall are 79.4%, 79.0%, 81.6% and 84.4% respectively, and the FPS are 12.5, 9.6, 8.6 and 8.2 respectively. Although the FPS of this algorithm is slightly reduced, the precision and recall have been greatly improved, and can be applied to industry.</p> <p> </p>

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ZHANG, P. "STUDY ON SURFACE CHARGING EFFECT ON MASK DURING PLASMA ETCHING PROCESS THROUGH PARTICLE SIMULATION." Surface Review and Letters 26, no. 04 (May 2019): 1850168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x18501688.

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Damage on the mask surface caused by charging effect during plasma etching process continues to attract much attention currently. For example, the round shape of holes can be changed into hexagonal shape. In our previous paper, the reason for this phenomenon has been explained through a particle simulation approach [P. Zhang et al., Plasma Sci. Technol. 15 (2013) 570]. However, it has been observed that the round shape of holes in a mask can also be etched into an asymmetric shape due to factors such as nonuniform plasma source, inclination or vibration of sample platform, etc. This work further aims to explore the charging effect when the round-shaped holes in a mask have been changed into asymmetric-shaped ones by particle simulation method. The distribution of electric field produced by electrons was calculated for different shaped isolated holes (round, hexagonal and asymmetric shapes) in a mask as well as various heights from the mask surface. It is found that the field strength reaches its maximum around a hole edge and presents uniform distribution for the round hole and nonuniform distribution for the hexagonal- and asymmetric-shaped holes. The nonuniform electric field distribution can affect the trajectories of ions falling on the mask surface, further enhancing the asymmetry of the mask hole shape. Additionally, the charging effect on a mask of asymmetric holes aligned in a hexagonal array is also studied. It is found that due to the alignment of holes, the charging effect is quite different from the case in an isolated hole.

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Ding, Yi, Pingping Ma, Wei Li, Xueyan Wei, Xiaoping Qiu, Desheng Hu, Yuan Wu, et al. "Effect of Surgical Mask on Setup Error in Head and Neck Radiotherapy." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 19 (January 1, 2020): 153303382097402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533033820974021.

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Purpose: With the widespread prevalence of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), cancer patients are suggested to wear a surgical mask during radiation treatment. In this study, cone beam CT (CBCT) was used to investigate the effect of surgical mask on setup errors in head and neck radiotherapy. Methods: A total of 91 patients with head and neck tumors were selected. CBCT was performed to localize target volume after patient set up. The images obtained by CBCT before treatment were automatically registered with CT images and manually fine-tuned. The setup errors of patients in 6 directions of Vrt, Lng, Lat, Pitch, Roll and Rotation were recorded. The patients were divided into groups according to whether they wore the surgical mask, the type of immobilization mask used and the location of the isocenter. The setup errors of patients were calculated. A t-test was performed to detect whether it was statistically significant. Results: In the 4 groups, the standard deviation in the directions of Lng and Pitch of the with surgical mask group were all higher than that in the without surgical mask group. In the head-neck-shoulder mask group, the mean in the Lng direction of the with surgical mask group was larger than that of the without surgical mask group. In the lateral isocenter group, the mean in the Lng and Pitch directions of the with surgical mask group were larger than that of the without surgical mask group. The t-test results showed that there was significant difference in the setup error between the 2 groups ( p = 0.043 and p = 0.013, respectively) only in the Lng and Pitch directions of the head-neck-shoulder mask group. In addition, the setup error of 6 patients with immobilization open masks exhibited no distinguished difference from that of the patients with regular immobilization masks. Conclusion: In the head and neck radiotherapy patients, the setup error was affected by wearing surgical mask. It is recommended that the immobilization open mask should be used when the patient cannot finish the whole treatment with a surgical mask.

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Yuyun Yuniar Rohmatin. "PRODUCTION MASK SCUBA TYPE ON UMKM CAHAYA PRINTING." International Journal Science and Technology 1, no. 2 (July 19, 2022): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.56127/ijst.v1i2.141.

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Scuba mask is a type mask which made from a tight and elastic type of fabric that provides comfort when used. PT. Cahaya Digital Printing is one of companies engaged in digital printing that produces masks which are currently used by the public. The purpose of this study was to analyze production process of scuba masks from raw materials to mask products. The scuba mask production process uses scuba cloth as raw material which though a printing process on a digital printing machine which has a print area of up to 1.5 m with a print speed of up to 15 m2 per hour to print according design to customer requirement, manual press process to cut the mask to size and scuba printing and sewing and overlay processes using a sewing machine that has a stitch length of 0-5 mm and a sewing speed of up to 4500 s.p.m to sew the edges of the mask to make look neat and not stringy.

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Li, Mu Jun, Hui Chun Ye, and Lian Guan Shen. "A Fast Method for Analyzing the Effect of Mask Error on Photolithography Pattern Quality." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 3097–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.3097.

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As an important factor the error of mask pattern is often ignored in the lithography simulation model. To investigate the impact of mask errors on the lithographic pattern, effects of how the wave-front on different mask pattern region affects the field points in resist is first introduced, and based on this analysis a method is proposed to quickly judge the affection of round corner error of mask pattern on the photo-resist pattern. By comparing the actual effect area and the effective wave-front area around the corner on mask pattern, the method can illustrate the quantitative relationship between variation in photo-resist pattern and the related mask error. Finally the simulation results are verified by experiments. The study results may contribute to the fast and accurate judgments of error in the lithography, and provide important theoretical basis for lithography error correction.

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Chmelík, Vojtech, Daniel Urbán, Lukáš Zelem, and Monika Rychtáriková. "Effect of Mouth Mask and Face Shield on Speech Spectrum in Slovak Language." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 4829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114829.

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In this paper, with the aim of assessing the deterioration of speech intelligibility caused by a speaker wearing a mask, different face masks (surgical masks, FFP2 mask, homemade textile-based protection and two kinds of plastic shields) are compared in terms of their acoustic filtering effect, measured by placing the mask on an artificial head/mouth simulator. For investigating the additional effects on the speaker’s vocal output, speech was also recorded while people were reading a text when wearing a mask, and without a mask. In order to discriminate between effects of acoustic filtering by the mask and mask-induced effects of vocal output changes, the latter was monitored by measuring vibrations at the suprasternal notch, using an attached accelerometer. It was found that when wearing a mask, people tend to slightly increase their voice level, while when wearing plastic face shield, they reduce their vocal power. Unlike the Lombard effect, no significant change was found in the spectral content. All face mask and face shields attenuate frequencies above 1–2 kHz. In addition, plastic shields also increase frequency components to around 800 Hz, due to resonances occurring between the face and the shield. Finally, special attention was given to the Slavic languages, in particular Slovak, which contain a large variety of sibilants. Male and female speech, as well as texts with and without sibilants, was compared.

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Kim, Min-Jeong, and Chae-Mok Yu. "The Effects of Long-term Mask Wearing on Aesthetic Behavior: Focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic." Korean Society of Beauty and Art 21, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18693/jksba.2020.21.3.17.

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This study attempted to examine self-skin recognition and aesthetic behavior as well as providing basic data needed to develop strategies in preparation for the post-COVID-19 era in the beauty industry. For this, an online survey was performed among a total of 150 adult men and women aged 20 or older who have worn a mask regularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the results of the survey revealed the following: First, mask-wearing intention had a positive influence on mask-wearing experiences. Second, in self-skin recognition, mask-wearing revealed a significant effect on the recognition of causes of skin problems, but no significant influence was found in recognition of skin problem symptoms. Third, mask-wearing had a statistically significant effect on hygienic attitudes, but no significant influence on skin problem-solving attitudes or makeup application attitudes. Fourth, mask-wearing had a statistically significant effect on care-persistence behavior, but no significant influence on skin aesthetic consumption. Fifth, according to the analysis of differences in mask-wearing intention and experiences, self-skin recognition, aesthetic attitude, and aesthetic behavioral intention by gender, a statistically significant difference was found among all items. In terms of post-COVID-19 strategies in the beauty industry, this study suggests a necessity of promoting online education and consultation based on skin knowledge, introducing and improving service providers’ competencies, establishing hygienic environments, and developing new programs, which are difficult to implement at home.

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Solano, Tomas, Chuanxin Ni, Rajat Mittal, and Kourosh Shoele. "Perimeter leakage of face masks and its effect on the mask's efficacy." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 5 (May 2022): 051902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086320.

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Recent studies have shown that the effectiveness of the face masks depends not only on the mask material but also on their fit on faces. The mask porosity and fit dictate the amount of filtered flow and perimeter leakage. Lower porosity is usually associated with better filtration; however, lower porosity results in higher perimeter leakage. The resulting leakage jets generated from different types of faces and different mask porosities are of particular interest. Direct numerical simulations of the flow dynamics of respiratory events while wearing a face mask can be used to quantify the distribution of the perimeter leaks. Here, we present a novel model for porous membranes (i.e., masks) and use it to study the leakage pattern of a fabric face mask on a realistic face obtained from a population study. The reduction in perimeter leakage with higher porosities indicates that there would be an optimal porosity such that the total leakage and maximum leakage velocities are reduced. The current model can be used to inform the quantification of face mask effectiveness and guide future mask designs that reduce or redirect the leakage jets to limit the dispersion of respiratory aerosols.

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Wu, Yueqin, Hao Zhang, and Miao Zhang. "Research on Design Strategy of Mask Recycling Service Based on Behavior Environment." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021065.

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The global novel coronavirus pandemic has caused a surge in the use of masks worldwide. A large number of used masks that have not been properly handled enter the environment, which caused and will cause serious ecological problems. The purpose of this study is to propose a solution to the problem of mask management from the perspective of science of design, and to build a good mask recycling service design strategy through the combination of design and psychology. Firstly, based on the theory of behavioral environment and field investigation, this study analyzes the correlation between the existing mask recycling device and its recycling efficiency, user behavior psychology and environment, and studies the behavioral scene of mask recycling, and then establishes the center of design strategy implementation. Secondly, a visual guidance system is designed, as is a special recycling device for masks by color psychology and product design. Thirdly, combined with the concept of social innovation service design, the design of a mask recycling strategy is conceived, and the optimization and formulation of mask recycling strategy is demonstrated through stakeholders, user journey maps and service flow charts. Finally, the design strategy is hierarchically established, and the feasibility analysis system model of a mask recycling strategy design is constructed. The data collection is carried out through expert interviews and questionnaires, and the weight is calculated by a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. The final output comprehensive evaluation results show that the mask recycling strategy constructed in this study has public recognition.

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Xu, Guang Shen, Ya Ning Wang, and Kuang Kuang Jin. "Research of Mask Image’s Generation Based on STL Model for Integral Stereolithography System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 540 (April 2014): 468–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.540.468.

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To solve the problem that generation of mask image based on STL model for integral Stereolithography System, a novel method that can generate mask image based on STL model for integral Stereolithography System is proposed. Firstly, contour data is obtained with STL model slicing software; then properties of contour loop’s internal and external are determined; and then the order of contour loop’s filling is determined; Lastly, the contour loop is filled with the order, and mask image based on STL model can be produced. Generation of mask image is implemented with VC++6.0. The verification result indicates that this method can fill multiple nested contour loops correctly and generate correct mask image for integral Stereolithography System.

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Nurhalizah, Hayyumu Farina. "Activities of membarong on Dadak Merak mask dancers of Reog Ponorogo (Indonesia) and the effects on their teeth." Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences 13, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijss.v13i2.30872.

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Reog Ponorogo is an art that uses the Dadak Merak mask which is used by the dancer by biting on a wooden stick inside or commonly called cokotan. The Dadak Merak mask dancer is called pembarong, while the activity of playing the Dadak Merak mask is called membarong or mbarong. A pembarong may do a range of tricks, including kayang, gulungan, lifting the stacked Dadak Merak mask, and lifting the Dadak Merak mask while mounted on someone, all while the mask's weight exceeds 50 kg to 80 kg. The researchers wanted to know if mbarong action on the Dadak Merak Reog Ponorogo dancer produces tooth wear and how many degrees of wear there are on the dancer's teeth. Cross-tabulation analysis is the data analysis technique employed in this paper. This study included 20 pembarong respondents, ranging in age from 15 to 50 years old. The conclusions of this study show that mbarong exercise produced tooth wear in the dancers, with the most severe wear occurring in the first and second molars. The fulcrum of the Dadak Merak mask load on those teeth causes wear in the first and second molar teeth.

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Kamatani, Miki, Motohiro Ito, Yuki Miyazaki, and Jun I. Kawahara. "Effects of Masks Worn to Protect Against COVID-19 on the Perception of Facial Attractiveness." i-Perception 12, no. 3 (May 2021): 204166952110279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20416695211027920.

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Wearing a sanitary mask tended, in the main, to reduce the wearer’s sense of perceived facial attractiveness before the COVID-19 epidemic. This phenomenon, termed the sanitary-mask effect, was explained using a two-factor model involving the occlusion of cues used for the judgment of attractiveness and unhealthiness priming (e.g., presumed illness). However, these data were collected during the pre-COVID-19 period. Thus, in this study, we examined whether the COVID-19 epidemic changed the perceived attractiveness and healthiness when viewing faces with and without sanitary masks. We also used questionnaires to evaluate beliefs regarding mask wearers. We found that the perception of mask-worn faces differed before versus after the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic. Specifically, mask-wearing improved wearers’ sense of the attractiveness of faces, which were rated as less attractive when a mask was not worn after the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic. Furthermore, mask-worn faces were rated as healthier after the onset of the COVID-19. The proportion of respondents with negative associations regarding mask-wearing (e.g., unhealthiness) decreased relative to before the epidemic. We suggest that the weakening of this association altered the sanitary-mask effect with a relative emphasis on the occlusion component, reflecting the temporal impact of a global social incident (the COVID-19 epidemic) on the perception of facial attractiveness.

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Techasatian, Leelawadee, Sirirus Lebsing, Rattapon Uppala, Wilairat Thaowandee, Jitjira Chaiyarit, Chanyut Supakunpinyo, Sunee Panombualert, et al. "The Effects of the Face Mask on the Skin Underneath: A Prospective Survey During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 11 (January 2020): 215013272096616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132720966167.

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Purpose: The study aimed to explore the prevalence and possible risk factors to prevent the face mask related adverse skin reactions during the ongoing COVID-19 after a recommendation of face mask wearing for public use in Thailand. Results: The prevalence of face mask related adverse skin reactions was 454 cases (54.5%), of which acne was the most frequent (399; 39.9%), followed by rashes on the face (154; 18.4%), and itch symptoms (130; 15.6%). Wearing a surgical mask showed a higher risk of adverse skin reaction compared to a cloth mask, OR (95% CI) = 1.54 (1.16-2.06). A duration of face mask wearing of more than 4 hours/day and the reuse of face masks increased the risk of adverse skin reactions compared to changing the mask every day, adjusted OR(95% CI) = 1.96 (1.29-2.98), and 1.5 (1.11-2.02). Conclusion: Suggestions were made for wearing a cloth mask in non-health care workers (HCW) to decrease the risk of face mask related adverse skin reactions. This suggestion could potentially help in decreasing the demand of surgical masks which should be reserved for the HCW population during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

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Miyazaki, Yuki, Shiori Sato, and Jun Kawahara. "Effect of Sanitary Mask on Facial Attractiveness." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 78 (September 10, 2014): 1AM—1–074–1AM—1–074. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.78.0_1am-1-074.

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Li, Kwan Queenie, and Michelle Jingmin Lai. "Algae Mask: Multidisciplinary exploration on material speculation." Technoetic Arts 18, no. 2-3 (October 1, 2020): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tear_00033_1.

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We live in a time where masks are rewriting wearable protocol. It is critical to understand entwining narratives around masks from the notion of health and safety to a wider discourse between the masked and the mask, including opportunistic capitalism and climatic implications. How about a mask that breathes, that is made by organic raw materials? As we confront and question narratives of the new normalcy in the year of pandemic and hindsight, these frames have coalesced in a vision of the mask as an emblem for open-source eco-consciousness-functional, accessible DIY living wearables made with biomaterials. ‘Algae Mask’ explores the symbiosis between humans and other beings, layered as second skins; this project is driven by an ardent group of art and design practitioners across the Asia-Pacific and European regions with ongoing satellite collaborations. A related film Algae Dream, on the other hand, speculates on the prototyping process and the sleek languages of market economy to smudge the fine line between fiction and reality. Within the bricolage of source videos and original footages, motivational video mock-up and authentic presentation documentation, the video essay intends to challenge audience in a multiplicity of narrations stemming from discourses of business and science.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mask-on'

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