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Morciglio, Anthony J., and Yi Jiang. "Mask on, Mask off: An SEIAR Model to Evaluate the Role of Mask in Preventing Disease Transmission." Biophysical Journal 120, no. 3 (February 2021): 263a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.1686.
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Agustien, Gina Septiani, Nitya Nurul Fadilah, and Dina Fitri Nusyifa. "UJI STABILITAS FISIK SEDIAAN MASKER GEL PEEL-OFF EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KENITU (Chrysophyllum cainito L.)." Jurnal Insan Farmasi Indonesia 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36387/jifi.v5i2.1064.
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Kenitu leaves contain flavonoids which function as antioxidants that can counteract the bad effects of free radicals, the antioxidant effect will be better if formulated in topical dosage forms. One of the topical dosage forms for use on the face is a peel-off gel mask, its use is easy to remove like an elastic membrane. This study aims to determine the physical stability of the peel-off gel mask preparation of kenitu leaves ethanol extract. The research method was experimental by making three peel-off gel mask formulations based on variations in extract concentration, namely F1 (2%), F2 (4%) and F3 (8%). Evaluations were carried out on the physical stability of the preparation, including organoleptic observations, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, dispersibility, drying time of the preparation, and viscosity. The results showed that the physical stability test of the peel-off gel mask preparation of kenitu leaves ethanol extract could be formulated in the form of a peel-off gel mask preparation, and the best mask formula was F1 with an extract concentration of 2%.
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Sembiring, Bunga Mari. "FORMULASI SEDIAAN MASKER GEL Peel-off EKSTRAK DAUN KECOMBRANG (Etlingera elatior) SEBAGAI PERAWATAN PADA KULIT WAJAH." Jurnal Penelitian Farmasi & Herbal 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36656/jpfh.v3i2.656.
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Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) leaves contain flavonoid compounds, saponins, alkoloid, and tannins. Based on the compounds owned kecombrang leaves can be used as a peel off gel mask. The purpose of this study was to make a peel off gel mask formulation of kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) leaf extract as a treatment for facial skin. The gel peel off mask formulation was made with 4 formulations, F0 = 0%, FI = 10%, FII = 15%, FIII = 20%. Extraction method is done using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Evaluation of peel off gel mask preparations, including organoleptic tests (color, odor, shape), pH measurement of preparations, homogeneity test, dry time test, spreadability test. Peel off gel mask preparations that have effectiveness as treatments for facial skin are FIII formulations with a concentration of 15% that meet the evaluation test requirements, and positive control (Naturgo) which has had better effectiveness test results. The results of the evaluation test of peel off gel mask preparation, including organoleptic test (color, odor, shape), pH measurement of the preparation, homogeneity test, dry time test, dispersion test according to the gel preparation parameters.
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Khairunnisa, Amalia, Pratika Viogenta, Nani Kartinah, Fathur Rahman, and Mulia Mulia. "Peel-off Kefir Mask Arachi (Arachis hypogaea L.): Characterization and Antioxidant Activity." Borneo Journal of Pharmacy 5, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v5i1.2597.
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This study aims to determine the best formulation for the peel-off mask Arachi or peanut (Arachis hypogaea L). Arachis hypogaea kefir as an active ingredient is added with variations in the concentration of F1 (0.5%) and F2 (2%) (w/v). Organoleptic tests, homogeneity, dry time, and pH were carried out on the peel-off mask that had been made. Antioxidant test (DPPH methods) was performed on masks F1 and F2. The results showed that the peel-off mask of A. hypogaea kefir had the best antioxidant activity at a concentration of 2% (F2) kefir with an IC50 value of 1.865 ppm and was very active. The characteristics of the peel-off mask have good physical stability, proven by not experiencing a change in color, odor, being homogeneous, having good dispersion power, and having a dry time ranging from 10-23 minutes. The pH value of the peel-off mask preparation is 4.52, and it is appropriate with SNI and the pH balance of normal human skin. The peel-off mask of A. hypogaea kefir can be produced because has good physical stability and antioxidant activity.
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Kwon, Miji, and Wonyoung Yang. "Mask-Wearing Behaviors after Two Years of Wearing Masks Due to COVID-19 in Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 13, 2022): 14940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214940.
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In Korea, wearing masks in public places has become the norm during the prolonged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This cross-sectional study investigated the mask-wearing behavior of Koreans (n = 433) via online mode living in Seoul and Gwangju after wearing a mask in public spaces for two years due to COVID-19. The respondents selected their face masks based on season, gender, age, occupation, mask-wearing hours, mask filter performance, mask shape, and mask color. The general discomfort caused by wearing a mask was divided into physical and speech discomfort, and it was not correlated with anxiety when not wearing a face mask. Speech discomfort caused by wearing a mask was correlated with general discomfort, clear speech, vocal pain, anxiety, and only-indoor mask-off plans. Anxiety when not wearing a mask appeared to affect both indoor and outdoor mask-off plans. The more uncomfortable and less anxious respondents were when not wearing a mask, the sooner they wanted to discontinue wearing masks indoors and outdoors. It is expected that the use of masks will continue in the future and that there may be differences in the place and time of use of masks in Korea and around the world due to new infectious diseases and fine dust. Facial masks can be worn more comfortably and conveniently if the discomfort and anxiety of wearing a mask are improved by considering various behaviors when wearing a mask in the future.
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Furnaz, Shumaila, Natasha Baig, Sajjad Ali, Sahar Rizwan, Uzzam Ahmed Khawaja, Muhammad Abdullah Usman, Muhammad Tanzeel Ul Haque, Ayesha Rizwan, Farheen Ali, and Musa Karim. "Knowledge, attitude and practice of wearing mask in the population presenting to tertiary hospitals in a developing country." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): e0265328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265328.
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Background In the era of COVID-19 where there is emphasis on the importance of wearing a mask, wearing it rightly is equally important. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of wearing a mask in the general population of a developing country at three major tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods Participants of this cross-sectional study were patients and attendants at three major tertiary care hospital of Karachi Pakistan. Selected participants, through non-probability convenient sampling technique, were interviewed regarding knowledge, attitude, and practice of wearing mask using an Urdu translated version of a questionnaire used in an earlier study. Three summary scores (0 to 100) were computed to indicate participants’ mask wearing practice, technique of putting it on, and technique of taking if off. Collected data were analyzed with the help of IBM SPSS version 19. Results A total of 370 selected individuals were interviewed, out of which 51.9% were male and mean age was 37.65±11.94 years. For more than 90% of the participants, wearing a face mask was a routine practicing during the pandemic. The mean practice score was 65.69±25.51, score for technique of putting on a face mask was 67.77±23.03, and score of technique of taking off a face mask was 51.01±29.23. Education level of participant tends to have positive relationship with all three scores, while presence of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as co-morbid had negative impact on mask wearing practice. Conclusion We have observed suboptimal knowledge, attitude and practice of wearing mask among the selected individuals. There is a continued need to spread awareness and educate general population about the importance of using a face mask, as well as the proper technique of wearing and taking off a face mask.
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Annisa, Annisa, Andi Tenri Kawareng, and Niken Indriyanti. "Formulasi Sediaan Masker Gel Peel Off dari Minyak Atsiri Sereh (Cymbopogon citratus)." Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences 14 (December 31, 2021): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25026/mpc.v14i1.599.
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Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is one of the essential oil producing plants known as Lemongrass oil with the main content of citral compounds. Lemongrass essential oil is known to have antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of lemongrass oil can be used for skin care in the form of a peel off gel mask. The purpose of this study was to formulate a peel off gel mask preparation from lemongrass essential oil (Cymbopogon citratus) and to know the results of the physical evaluation of the peel off gel mask. The peel off gel mask was made in three formulas with different concentrations of PVA, namely F1 (10%), F2 (13%), and F3 (16%). Physical evaluation tests include organoleptic tests, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, dispersion, and drying time. The peel off gel mask in the three formulas was obtained in the form of a thick gel, white in color, and had a characteristic lemongrass smell. The results obtained based on the physical evaluation showed that the three formulas had met the required standard parameters.
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Luthfiyana, Novi, Nurhikma Nurhikma, and Taufik Hidayat. "Characteristics of Peel Off Gel Mask From Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) Porridge." Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 22, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v22i1.25888.
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The aim of this study was to determine the best concentration of E. cottonii seaweed porridge in the formulation of peel off gel masks. The main materials used in this study were <em>E. cottonii</em> and other basic substances of peel off gel mask. The analytical methods used were the total microbial and antioxidant test on the E. cottonii slurry preparation. Mask preparations were analyzed for physical stability, pH, duration of preparation, drying, viscosity and homogeneity. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized with four treatments by adding <em>E.cottonii</em> porridge 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% respectively with two replications.The results showed that the best peel off gel mask was formulation with the addition 20% of E.cottonii. Microbes were not found in <em>E. cottonii</em> porridge. The antioxidant activity of <em>E. cottonii</em> porridge had IC50 value of 137.35±0.35 μg / mL. Consumer acceptance of products through sensory testing in the category of likes. The peel off gel mask has good physical stability, proven by no changes in color, odor as well as gel texture. The pH value of the preparation of peel off gel mask is in line with SNI and pH balance of normal human skin. The best viscosity value of peel off gel mask is 14,003 cps. The time needed for the mask to dry for an average of 25 minutes and homogeneity is characterized by the absence of secondary particle aggregation.
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Madu, Victory C., Heather Carnahan, Robert Brown, Kerri-Ann Ennis, Kaitlyn S. Tymko, Darryl M. G. Hurrie, Gerren K. McDonald, Stephen M. Cornish, and Gordon G. Giesbrecht. "Skin Cooling on Breath-Hold Duration and Predicted Emergency Air Supply Duration During Immersion." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 91, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 578–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5433.2020.
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PURPOSE: This study was intended to determine the effect of skin cooling on breath-hold duration and predicted emergency air supply duration during immersion.METHODS: While wearing a helicopter transport suit with a dive mask, 12 subjects (29 ± 10 yr, 78 ± 14 kg, 177 ± 7 cm, 2 women) were studied in 8 and 20°C water. Subjects performed a maximum breath-hold, then breathed for 90 s (through a mouthpiece connected to room air) in five skin-exposure conditions. The first trial was out of water for Control (suit zipped, hood on, mask off). Four submersion conditions included exposure of the: Partial Face (hood and mask on); Face (hood on, mask off); Head (hood and mask off); and Whole Body (suit unzipped, hood and mask off).RESULTS: Decreasing temperature and increasing skin exposure reduced breath-hold time (to as low as 10 ± 4 s), generally increased minute ventilation (up to 40 ± 15 L · min−1), and decreased predicted endurance time (PET) of a 55-L helicopter underwater emergency breathing apparatus. In 8°C water, PET decreased from 2 min 39 s (Partial Face) to 1 min 11 s (Whole Body).CONCLUSION: The most significant factor increasing breath-hold and predicted survival time was zipping up the suit. Face masks and suit hoods increased thermal comfort. Therefore, wearing the suits zipped with hoods on and, if possible, donning the dive mask prior to crashing, may increase survivability. The results have important applications for the education and preparation of helicopter occupants. Thermal protective suits and dive masks should be provided.Madu VC, Carnahan H, Brown R, Ennis K-A, Tymko KS, Hurrie DMG, McDonald GK, Cornish SM, Giesbrecht GG. Skin cooling on breath-hold duration and predicted emergency air supply duration during immersion. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(7):578–585.
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Ayuningtyas, Nurista Dida, Yahya Febrianto, and Alno Prasetyo. "Formulation and Evaluation of Antioxidant Peel-Off Mask Ethanol Extract Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia sp.) Using DPPH 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl Method." Journal of Science and Technology Research for Pharmacy 1, no. 1 (March 3, 2021): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jstrp.v1i1.44159.
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Background: Myrmecodia sp extract is known to be effective as an antioxidant on a concentration of 5-50 ppm. Antioxidants are substances that can scavenge free radicals. Free radicals can cause skin damage. Peel off mask is a cosmetic product that function as a dead skin peel mechanically containing synthetic polymers that are quite safe and effective. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant effectiveness of the Myrmecodia sp extract. Method: The research used variations in the Myrmecodia sp extract of 2 %, 3%, and 4 %. The evaluation was carried out on the physical properties of the peel off mask and the antioxidant activity test. The antioxidant activity test used the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. Statistical tests were carried out on the physical properties of the preparation and IC50 peel off mask using the one-way ANOVA test with a 95% confidence level.
Result: Based on this research, it was found that the gel peel-off mask preparation of Myrmecodia sp. extracts has organoleptic of a bit thick, brown and odourless. The value of adhesion is between 10.33-13.04 seconds, pH 6.27-6.75, viscosity 17.00-22.67 dPas, and drying time 17.33-24.33 minutes. The test for the antioxidant activity of IC50 peel off mask at F 2, F 3 and F 4 was 49.4 ppm, 39.41 ppm and 35.25 ppm respectively. Conclusion: The peel-off gel mask of Myrmecodia sp. extracts has the potential as an antioxidant with the strong ability category.
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Cahya, Cucu Arum Dwi, Aminah Syarifuddin, and Ahmad Syukur Syukur. "EFEKTIFITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SAWI HIJAU (Brassica rapa Var. Parachinensis) SEBAGAI PELEMBAB KULIT DENGAN SEDIAAN MASKER PEEL-OFF." JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM) 2, no. 1 (October 31, 2019): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35451/jfm.v2i1.292.
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Green mustard plants can be formulater into peel-off masks to moisturize the skin, because based on previous research green mustard leaves cointain flavonoids as antioxidants which can moisturize the skin. The purpose of this study was to find out green mustard leaves can be formulated into peel-off mask preparations and to find out the preparation and to find out the preparation off peel off mask with etanol extract of green mustard leaves can moisturize the skin. This study uses an experimental method. Green mustard leaves are extracted by maceration. In this study, a skin analyzer was usee as a mesure of skin moisture level after using peel off mask from a variety of dosage formulations which were divided into 5 preparations, blank (without mask, 3%,4%,5%), postive control (using peel off masks on the market). The Anova test results show a sig value of 0,000 or p<0,005 so it is concluded that the variabel has a difference. The conclusion of this study proves that the ethanol extract of green mustard leaves can be used as a peel-off mask for skin moisturizer, where the higher the concentration of mustard leaf extract, the higher the moisture vlue of the skin.
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Astolfi, Arianna, Giuseppina Emma Puglisi, Louena Shtrepi, Paolo Tronville, Jesús Alejandro Marval Diaz, Alessio Carullo, Alberto Vallan, Alessio Atzori, Ada Ferri, and Francesca Dotti. "Effects of Face Masks on Physiological Parameters and Voice Production during Cycling Activity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (May 26, 2022): 6491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116491.
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This study investigates the effects of face masks on physiological and voice parameters, focusing on cyclists that perform incremental sports activity. Three healthy male subjects were monitored in a climatic chamber wearing three types of masks with different acoustic properties, breathing resistance, and air filtration performance. Masks A and B were surgical masks made of hydrophobic fabric and three layers of non-woven fabric of 100% polypropylene, respectively. Mask S was a multilayer cloth mask designed for sports activity. Mask B and Mask S behave similarly and show lower sound attenuation and sound transmission loss and lower breathing resistance than Mask A, although Mask A exhibits slightly higher filtration efficiency. Similar cheek temperatures were observed for Masks A and B, while a significantly higher temperature was measured with Mask S at incremental physical activity. No differences were found between the masks and the no-mask condition for voice monitoring. Overall, Mask B and Mask S are suitable for sports activities without adverse effects on voice production while ensuring good breathing resistance and filtration efficiency. These outcomes support choosing appropriate masks for sports activities, showing the best trade-off between breathing resistance and filtration efficiency, sound attenuation, and sound transmission loss.
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Ukhty, Nabila, Ikhsanul Khairi, and Tika Wulan Dari. "Karakteristik Fisik dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Sediaan Masker Gel Peel Off Ekstrak Metanol Daun Eceng Gondok." Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 24, no. 3 (January 18, 2022): 416–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v24i3.37634.
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Gel peel off face mask is one type of facial mask that can increase the comfort of use and is expected to increase antioxidant activity on the skin. The mask is shaped like a paste, with a thick texture. Eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) is an aquatic plant that lives wildly in the waters of West Aceh. The purpose of this study was to determine the yield of methanolic crude extract of eceng gondok’s leaves and to find out the best formulation of gel peel off face mask from methanol crude extract of eceng gondok’s leaf based on the physical characteristics of the mask. The extraction method used was maceration using methanol as a solvent. The differences in the composition of the extracts used were concentrations of 0%, 2%, 4% and 6%. Exploration of bioactive compounds in crude extract using phytochemical test. Assessment of the physical characteristics of the mask preparation included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, adhesion, dispersibility, pH, and drying time. The crude extract contains flavonoid compounds, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, and saponins. Formulation 3 for making gel peel off masks was the best mask with an assessment of its homogeneity being stable and no change, adhesion for 5.30 seconds, dispersion of 5.9 cm, pH 6.4, and drying in 27.48 minutes. The formula has DPPH inhibition (% inhibition) of 76.54%..
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Guo, Kun, Alexander Hare, and Chang Hong Liu. "Impact of Face Masks and Viewers’ Anxiety on Ratings of First Impressions from Faces." Perception 51, no. 1 (December 14, 2021): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03010066211065230.
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Face mask is now a common feature in our social environment. Although face covering reduces our ability to recognize other's face identity and facial expressions, little is known about its impact on the formation of first impressions from faces. In two online experiments, we presented unfamiliar faces displaying neutral expressions with and without face masks, and participants rated the perceived approachableness, trustworthiness, attractiveness, and dominance from each face on a 9-point scale. Their anxiety levels were measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Social Interaction Anxiety Scale. In comparison with mask-off condition, wearing face masks (mask-on) significantly increased the perceived approachableness and trustworthiness ratings, but showed little impact on increasing attractiveness or decreasing dominance ratings. Furthermore, both trait and state anxiety scores were negatively correlated with approachableness and trustworthiness ratings in both mask-off and mask-on conditions. Social anxiety scores, on the other hand, were negatively correlated with approachableness but not with trustworthiness ratings. It seems that the presence of a face mask can alter our first impressions of strangers. Although the ratings for approachableness, trustworthiness, attractiveness, and dominance were positively correlated, they appeared to be distinct constructs that were differentially influenced by face coverings and participants’ anxiety types and levels.
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Saputra, Sony Andika, Munifatul Lailiyah, and Adella Erivina. "Formulasi Dan Uji Aktivitas Anti Bakteri Masker Gel Peel-Off Ekstrak Daun Pacar Air (Impatiens balsamina linn.) Dengan Kombinasi Basis PVA dan HPMC." Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia 1, no. 2 (May 19, 2019): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33759/jrki.v1i2.20.
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Peel-off gel mask is one of the practical masks, because after dry the mask can be directly removed without rinsing. In this research, a peel-off gel mask formulation from a pacar air leaf extract (Impatiens balsamina Linn.) Has antibacterial activity against Staphylococus Aureus bacteria. The peel-off gel mask is prepared in 3 formulas by varying the PVA and HPMC concentrations of F1 (1: 2,6), F2 (1: 3), F3 (1: 3,5). Evaluation of gel quality used is organoleptic test, viscosity, adhesion, drying time, dispersion, pH. Testing of antibacterial activity was done by using the diffusion method of wells. The positive control used was clindamycin phosphate 1.2%, the negative control used was the base of the peel-off gel mask. Results of physical evaluation and antibacterial activity test were analyzed using SPSS software with trust level of 0.05. Based on the results obtained F3 is the optimum formula, because F3 has a corresponding pH of 5.2 ± 0.10, the corresponding depth of 6.85 ± 0.13, the fastest drying time of 21.68 ± 0.33 and the anti-activity the best bacteria. Based on testing of antibacterial activity of F1, F2 and F3 have antibacterial activity against Staphylococus Aureus bacteria.
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Istiqomah, Nurul, and Metha Anung Anindhita. "PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN HIDROKSI PROPIL METIL SELULOSA (HPMC) SEBAGAI GELLING AGENT TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK MASKER PEEL OFF EKSTRAK DAUN SIRIH (Piper betle L.)." Pena Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi 32, no. 2 (September 22, 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31941/jurnalpena.v32i2.806.
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<p><span>Peel off mask are cosmetic that use for facial skincare. Piper betle L. leaf has the properties to kill Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria that cause acne. Peel off mask is a gel drug delivery system which requires gelling agent material. HPMC is one of the gelling agent that preferred properties. This study aims to examine the physical properties of Piper betle L. leaf peel off mask with HPMC as g gelling agent. The active substance used is Piper betle L. leaf extract that using maseration method. To determine the effect of using HPMC variation on physical properties it is carried out by organoleptic testing, viscosity, adhesion, dispersion, homogeneity, pH and irritation. The result of this study showed that the variation of HPMC had effect on organoleptic, viscosity, adhesion, dispersion and rate of drying and has no effect on homogeneity, pH, and irritation.</span></p><p><span> </span></p><span>Keyword : Piper beatle leaf, peel off mask, HPMC</span>
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Ardini, Dias, and Pudji Rahayu. "Studi Variasi Gelling Agent PVA (Propil Vinil Alkohol) pada Formulasi Masker Peel-Off Ekstrak Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera) sebagai Anti Jerawat." Jurnal Kesehatan 10, no. 2 (September 13, 2019): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.26630/jk.v10i2.1422.
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<p><span>Gel mask can increase skin moisture and enhance the effect of the main composition (Aloe vera L) as an anti-acne on the epithelial and that is the cause of occlusivity of the polymer layer formed. PVA formulation is used to give exfoliated effect because they have adhesive properties or can form films that are easily peeled off after drying. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) variations as a gelling agent (7%, 10%, 13% and 16%) on the physical properties of ethanol extract Aloe vera leaves skin gel mask included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, dispersibility, drying time and inhibition test against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The research conducted is experimental. The design of this research is a one-shot case study. Evaluation results were analyzed using univariate analysis. For physical properties, frequency distribution and inhibitory tests were analyzed with Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Peel off gel mask is formulated with 4 treatments and 6 repetitions. The results showed that the peel-off gel mask of Aloe vera leaves ethanol extract have clear organoleptic properties, very weak alcohol flavor and 50% slightly thick and 25% thick and 25% very thick. 75% of mask preparations are homogeneous. Has a pH range of 5.95-6.2. The spreadability of 75% gel mask preparations are meet the requirements of mask masking and 75% meets the requirements of good drying time. All variations of the formula have an inhibition effect against Staphylococcus epidermidis and between training groups, no difference was understood.</span></p>
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Priyanti, Priyanti, Tri Partuti, Nusaibah Nur Amalina, Desy Rahmiaty, Wulandari Fera Yanti, Hutssy Elya Nadyana, Alika Arum Daniya, Nurul Annisa, and Azza Hanif Harisna. "Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Manggis Sebagai Masker Gel Peel-Off Berantioksidan." JURNAL KIMIA MULAWARMAN 18, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/jkm.v18i2.922.
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Peel off gel masks have become a trend in the field of beauty as a facial skin care. Utilization of mangosteen rind extract is thought to be able to provide more function on the mask as its high levels of antioxidant. This study discusses the optimum formulation of antioxidant peel off gel mask with mangosteen rind ethanol extract. Mangosteen rind was obtained from the market in the South Tangerang area and then extracted using 96% ethanol as the solvent by maceration. Peel off gel mask preparation is formulated with extract concentrations of 1%, 2% and 4%. Stability test in the form of analysis of pH, viscosity, dry time, and homogenation was carried out for four weeks. Antioxidant analysis was carried out to detect flavonoid, saponins and tannins. The results showed that the extract contained flavonoids, saponins and tannins with free radical scavenging values of 16.10%. The optimum formulation of peel off gel mask is with 2% extract because it has an acidic pH, a viscosity value of 8025 cps, a thick texture, and has a drying time of about 14 minutes.
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Bowen, R. W., and H. de Ridder. "Dynamic Contrast Perception Assessed by Pattern Masking." Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (August 1996): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96l0605.
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The perceived contrast of a pulsed grating of about 100 ms duration can exceed that of shorter or longer exposures. We investigated this contrast enhancement effect with pattern masking. The pulsed mask patterns were extended cosines (5 deg square, 35 cd m−2 mean luminance, 0.3 contrast) of 50 to 500 ms duration. Mask spatial frequency was 1 or 6 cycles deg−1. The test patterns (of equivalent spatial frequency) were sixth derivative Gaussians, either positive (ON pathway mediation) or negative (OFF pathway mediation) and of 30 ms duration. The test pattern could be centred on a light bar of the cosine (positive contrast) or a dark bar (negative contrast). Test and mask had simultaneous onset. For a 1 cycle deg−1 test and mask of the same polarity, the test threshold/mask duration function is nonmonotonic (peak at 83 – 100 ms). The function was similar for either positive or negative stimuli. Thus, we measured an analogue to the contrast enhancement effect, and found enhancement for negative as well as positive contrast components. For same-polarity 6 cycles deg−1 test and mask, threshold increased monotonically to 500 ms (no enhancement). For both 1 and 6 cycles deg−1 stimuli of opposite polarity, the threshold/mask duration function is sharply elevated and constant for masks of 83 ms or more. The same-polarity masking functions imply activation of either transient (1 cycle deg−1 stimuli) or sustained (6 cycles deg−1 stimuli) ON or OFF pathways. The opposite-polarity functions suggest that the time course of ON — OFF pathway interaction is similar for sustained and transient pathways.
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Nabila, Zahrina Hanny, Ary Kristijono, and Dara Pranidya Tilarso. "Pengaruh Konsentrasi PVA terhadap Stabilitas dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Masker Peel Off Ekstrak Kulit Jengkol (Archidendron pauciflorum (Benth.) Nielsen)." Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan 2, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 480–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v2i4.256.
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Abstract
Jengkol skin (Archidendron pauciflorum (Benth.) Nielsen) has antioxidant activity because it contains flavonoid compounds, saponins, and alkaloids, so jengkol skin can be used as a facial treatment. The peel off mask preparation was chosen because is one type of cosmetic that is easy to use because it utilizes the ability to release the film layer when applied to the skin so that it can increase comfort in use and is expected to increase the antioxidant activity of jengkol skin extract. Components of masks such as PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) which act as filming agents, affect the physical properties of the mask, because it is the material underlying the peel off mask. A stability test needs to be carried out to ensure the durability of the mask during storage. This study aims to determine the stability and antioxidant activity of peel off masks of jengkol skin from various concentrations of PVA. The method used is maceration with 70% ethanol solvent. PVA was used with concentrations of 6%, 8% and 10%. The physical properties test includes organoleptic test, pH test, homogenity test, adhesion test, dispersion test, dry time test, and viscosity test. The antioxidant test of peel off mask preparations was carried out by DPPH method (1,1 Difenyl-2-picrylhydrazil). Based on the results of the study, it was obtained that the peel off mask preparation was stable for a maximum of 21 days of storage. Formula with a PVA concentration of 10% is the formula that has the best physical properties during storage but is the most unstable formula because there are more white lumps than other formulas on the 28th day. The IC50 values ??were 420.9 ?g/mL, 397.4 ?g/mL and 434.1 ?g/mL
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Husnani, Husnani, and Fitri Sri Rizki. "PENGARUH PEMBENTUK FILM PVA PADA SEDIAAN MASKER GEL PEEL-OFF EKSTRAK ETANOL BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherina palmifolia (L.) Merr) TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus PENYEBAB JERAWAT." JIFFK : Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik 15, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31942/jiffk.v15i2.2562.
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ABSTRACTDayak Onion (Eleutherine palmifolia) is one of the plants that can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that causes acne. This study aims to determine the effect of polyvinyl alcohol on peel-off gel mask preparations from onion dayak ethanol extract on the antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus aureus that causes acne. Extraction using maceration method with 96% ethanol. The concentration of dayak onion extract was made at 5%, 7.5%, and 10% and the peel-off gel mask formula from dayak onion extract with variations in extract concentration were 5%, 7.5%, and 10% based on Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA). Antibacterial activity is carried out using the disk disc method. In testing the inhibition of dayak onion extract at a concentration of 5% resulted in a clear zone of 15.5 mm, a concentration of 7.5% and 10% producing the same clear zone diameter of 17.1 mm. The peel-off gel mask in formulation I obtained a clear zone diameter of 8.7 mm, formulation II the diameter of the clear zone was 12.2 mm, and formula III the diameter of the clear zone was 15.3 mm. The results of this study indicate that on dayak onion extract has a greater inhibitory power compared to the dayak onion extract peel-off gel mask preparation. It can be concluded that the PVA in the preparation affects the amount of inhibitory power on the bacteria forming acne, namely Staphylococcus aureus.Keywords: Dayak onion extract, Staphylococcus aureus, disk discs, antibacterial inhibitory test, acne-causing bacteria, peel-off gel mask.
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Chaerunisaa, Anis Yohana, Emma Surachman, and Zila Khuzaimah. "Peel Off Gel Mask containing Green Tea Leaf Extract (Camellia sinesis L) with Antioxidant Activity." Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics 3, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/idjp.v3i1.30946.
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Peel off mask has been very popular and preferred due to its ease in application. Gel base has been preferred for its cold and moist sensation during application. When herbal ingredients such as extract is introduced into gel formulation, the stability then will become an issue. The aim of the study was to formulate the peel-off mask gels containing green tea leaves extract (Camellia sinensis L.) which effective, stable, and safe to be used. The antioxidant study was conducted by using Diphenylhydrazylpicryl (DPPH) method. The peel-off mask gel formula were Hidroxypropyl Methylcelulosa (HPMC) as gel base at 0.5% concentration and plasticizer Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) at concentration of 12%. Evaluation of peel-off mask gel included observation on pH, viscosity, dispersing power, and drying time during the 90 days of storage at room temperature. The IC50 values of the green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) extract was 5.511 ppm. The concentration of green tea leaves extract in the preparation were 1x IC50 (F1); 2x IC50 (F2) and 3x IC50 (F3). The result showed that all preparations were stable in the aspect of consistency, color, and odor. Viscosity, drying time and dispersing power remained unchanged after 90 days of storage. The pH value changed, but still in the range of acceptable pH of topical preparations. The results of antioxidant activity study showed that formula F3 (peel-off mask gels with 3 x IC50 of green tea extracts) had the highest antioxidant activity.Keywords: antioxidant, Camellia sinensis L., peel off gel masks, green tea
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Kartikasari, Dian, and Reni Anggraini. "FORMULASI MASKER GEL PEEL OFF DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL UMBI BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherinebulbosa (Mill.) Urb. Eleutherine americana Merr)." JIFFK : Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik 15, no. 01 (June 2, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31942/jiffk.v15i01.2167.
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INTISARI Umbi bawang dayak memiliki kadar antioksidan yang sangat tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan formula masker gel feel off ekstrak umbi bawang dayak yang menghasilkan pembentukan film yang baik berdasarkan hasil evaluasi fisik. Masker gel peel off dibuat dalam 3 formula dengan parameter perbedaan konsentrasi PVA. Formula 1 PVA 10 %, formula 2 12%, formula 3 PVA 13%. Proses pembuatan ekstrak dengan cara maserasi, kemudian dipekatkan dengan evaporator dan dibuat sediaan masker gel peel off dengan penambahan eksipien. Hasil uji organoleptis menunjukkan parameter aroma, warna dan tekstur tidak berbeda nyata antar formula. Hasil uji fisik menunjukkan formula 3 dengan PVA 13 % menghasilkan masker gel peel off yang paling baik dibandingkan dengan formula 1 dan 2, dengan nilai viskositas 3,833 cps, pH 6, homogeny, waktu mongering < 15 menit dan uji daya sebar 5, 815 cm. Kata kunci: bawang dayak, masker gel peel off, PVA. ABSTRACT Bawang Dayak bulbs have a very high antioxidant content. This study aims to get the mask gel feel off formula the bawang Dayak bulb extract that results in good film formation based on the results of physical evaluation. The mask gel Peel off is made in 3 formulas with different parameters of PVA concentration. Formula 1 PVA 10%, formula 2 12%, formula 3 PVA 13%. The process of preparing the extract by maceration, then concentrated with evaporator and made gel mask preparation with the addition of excipients. The results of organoleptic tests showed the parameters of aroma, color and texture were not significantly different between the formulas. Physical test results showed that formula 3 with PVA 13% yielded the best peel off gel mask compared with formula 1 and 2, with viscosity value 3,833 cps, pH 6, homogeny, mongering time <15 min and spreading test 5,515 cm. Keywords: Bawang Dayak, mask gel peel off, PVA.
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Singh, B. "Take off of the pilot tube on the laryngeal mask." Anaesthesia 57, no. 5 (April 25, 2002): 501–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.26269.x.
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Jani, Trasna Arman, Aliefman Hakim, and Yohanes Juliantoni. "Formulation and Evaluation of Antioxidant Peel-Off Face Mask Containing Red Dragon Fruit Rind Extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus Haw.)." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 20, no. 3 (November 24, 2020): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v20i3.2157.
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Peel-Off face mask is one of the cosmetics that is used to treat skin from free radicals. Peel-off face mask can minimize the effects of free radicals because it contains antioxidant. One of the antioxidant sources is red dragon fruit’s rind (Hylocereuspolyrhizus Haw.). The aim of this study is to obtain Peel-Off face mask of red dragon fruit’s rind extract that contains anthocyanin. Red dragon fruit’s rind was macerated by ethanol 96%, ethyl acetate and n-hexane added citric acid (4:1) solvents. TLC test used Chloroform: ethyl acetate: n-butanol (5:4:1) eluent and sprayed by AlCl3. Antioxidant activity of extract was tested using DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryhidrazyl) method. Peel-Off face mask was made using PVA, HPMC, methyl paraben, propylparaben, propylenglycol, extract, ethanol 96% and aquadest. The rendemen of ethanol 96% extract was 9,476%, ethyl acetate extract was 0,783% and n-hexane extract was 0,631%. The results of TLC test showed yellow spots on the ethyl acetate and ethanol 96% extracts which indicated that extract contained flavonoids (anthocyanin). The results of antioxidant activity test showed that IC50 value of ethanol 96% extract was 189,7422 (AAI=0,2087), ethyl acetate extract was 196,9398 (AAI=0,2011), and n-hexane extract was 385,3664 (AAI=0,1027). The result of the product evaluations showed that all the formulas complied the product requirements such as the organoleptic, homogenity, pH, dispersive power and drying time. Peel-off face mask already meet the product requirements but further research is needed to test the product stability and activity.
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Puspita, Weni, and Heny Puspasari. "Physical Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Pee-Off Gel Mask Ethanol Extract of Buas-buas Leaf (Premna serratifolia L.)." Majalah Obat Tradisional 27, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/mot.71033.
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This study aims to determine the physical stability and antioxidant activity of peel-off gel mask ethanol extract of buas-buas leaf (Premna serratifolia L.). The ethanol extract of buas-buas leaves was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol solvent, then concentrated using a rotary evaporator to get a thick extract. Formulation EEDB into a peel-off gel mask with a concentration of each EEDB (FI: 1%, FII: 2%, FIII : 3%). The EEDB peel-off gel mask formula was tested for physical stability by cycling test method using a climatic chamber at a temperature of 40°C ± 2°C and 4°C ± 2°C for six cycles. The tests included organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, spreadability, and drying time. An antioxidant test was carried out using the DPPH method. The results of the physical stability test on the three EEDB peel-off gel mask formulas (FI: 1%, FII: 2%, FIII: 3%) showed good physical stability because there was no significant difference during six storage cycles (P>0.05) with the results of the preparation have a characteristic aroma of oleum citri, brownish-green in color, have a thick, homogeneous texture, meet the requirements of pH, viscosity, spreadability, and drying time. The stability test results of the antioxidant activity of the peel-off gel mask EEDB in the three formulas showed no significant change (P>0.05). The antioxidant activity during six storage cycles with the highest average percent inhibition before and after the cycling test, namely in Formula III, was 77.20 ± 0.28%.
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Tarigan, Palas. "FORMULASI SEDIAAN MASKER Gel Peel Off EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN JAMBU BIJI (Psidium Guajava L.) SEBAGAI PEMBERSIH WAJAH." Jurnal Penelitian Farmasi & Herbal 4, no. 2 (April 28, 2022): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36656/jpfh.v4i2.862.
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Guava plants contain psiditanin “eugenol” essential oil, tannis, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids. Compounds that have very good strength come from the class of flavanoids, vitamin C which can be usedas a facial cleanser. This study aims to determine the preparation of peel gel mask of guava leaf extract is effective as a facial cleanser and to find out the peel off gel mask of guava leaf extract can irritate the skin of volunteers. The made with 4 formulation with concentrations of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%. The testing of the peel off gel mask formulation ethanol extract on cleanliness was carried out with the analysis of the ms. Excel bar diagram. The results showed that (psidium guajava L) contain flavonoid, alkaloids, tannins and saponins. The results of the characteristics of the simplicia powder were 5,42% water content 9,56% total ash content 0,34% acid insoluble ash, ethanol soluble extract 64,295. The results of the peel off gel mask formulation test with a cleanliness test on the panelists facial skin concentration of 15% included in the category can clean the panelist’s facial skin.Guava leaf ethanol extract has a facial cleansing activitywith a score of 3
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Reszke, Radomir, Łukasz Matusiak, Piotr K. Krajewski, Marta Szepietowska, Rafał Białynicki-Birula, and Jacek C. Szepietowski. "The Utilization of Protective Face Masks among Polish Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic: Do We Pass the Exam?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020841.
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Relevant personal protective measures during the COVID-19 pandemic include face masks, possibly decreasing the risk of infection among the general population and healthcare workers (HCW) if utilized properly. The aim of the study was to assess whether different Polish HCW utilize face masks according to the 2020 World Health Organization guidance (WHO) criteria. This cross-sectional study included 1156 respondents who participated in an internet survey evaluating mask-related behaviors. All the WHO criteria were complied with by 1.4% of participants, regardless of medical profession, specialty or place of employment. HCW mostly adhered to criterion 1 (C1; strict covering of the face and mouth with the mask; 90.8%), C4 (washing/disinfecting the hands after touching/taking off the mask; 49%) and C3 (taking off the mask properly without touching the anterior surface; 43.4%), whereas C2 (avoidance of touching the mask with hands) was complied with least commonly (6.8%). HCW with mask-induced itch (31.6%) complied to C2 less often (odds ratio 0.53; p = 0.01). The study reveals that Polish HCW rarely adhere to all the 2020 WHO guidance criteria on the use of masks, whereas the adherence to particular criteria is variable and may be associated with the presence of skin-related conditions and other factors. Better compliance with the recommendations in the future is necessary to increase personal safety of HCW and prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
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Daimunon, Regita, Paulina V. Y. Yamlean, and Imam Jayanto. "FORMULASI DAN EFEK ANTIBAKTERI MASKER PEEL-OFF EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphlococcous epidermidis." PHARMACON 8, no. 3 (August 28, 2019): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/pha.8.2019.29393.
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ABSTRACT Kersen leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) contains flavonoids, saponins and tannins, which could inhibit bacterial activity. This study aimed to formulate, evaluate, and to test the effectiveness of antibacterial preparations for the Kersen leaf ethanol extracts mask. This study uses the experimental method by testing the parameters of the physical evaluation requirements for the masker. Physical evaluation of preparations included organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, scattering power test, dry time test, sticky test and cycling test, all tests were carried out before and after cycling test. The results of the preparation study meet the requirements of physical evaluation before the cycling test but after the cycling test is is not in accordance to the requirements for the preparation of the peel-off mask. The antibacterial test of mask peel-off ethanol extract of Kersen's leaves on Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria produced a moderate inhibition. So it can be concluded that the ethanol extracts of Kersen leaves at a concentration of 20%. can be formulated as a peel-off mask that is physically stable and has moderate antibacterial activity.Keywords: Kersen, Peel-off mask, Antibacterial, Staphlococcous epidermidis ABSTRAK Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin dan tannin yang mampu menghambat aktivitas bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasi, mengevaluasi, serta menguji efektivitas antibakteri sediaan masker peel-off ekstrak etanol daun Kersen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ekperimental dengan melakukan pengujian parameter persyaratan evaluasi fisik masker peel-off. Evaluasi fisik sediaan meliputi uji organoleptik, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji daya sebar, uji waktu sediaan mengering, uji daya lekat dan uji cycling test semua pengujian dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah cycling test. Hasil penelitian sediaan memenuhi persyaratan eveluasi fisik sebelum uji cycling test namun setelahnya tidak sesuai dengan persyaratan sediaan masker peel-off. Penelitian uji antibakteri masker peel-off ekstrak etanol daun Kersen pada bakteri staphylococcus epidermidis menghasilkan daya hambat yang sedang. Dapat disimpulkan pada kosentrasi 20% ekstrak etanol daun Kersen dapat diformulasi sebagai sediaan masker peel-off yang stabil secara fisik dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang sedang .Kata kunci : Kersen, Masker peel-off, Antibakteri, Staphlococcous epidermidis
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Racca, Fabrizio, Lorenzo Appendini, Cesare Gregoretti, Elisa Stra, Antonio Patessio, Claudio F. Donner, and V. Marco Ranieri. "Effectiveness of mask and helmet interfaces to deliver noninvasive ventilation in a human model of resistive breathing." Journal of Applied Physiology 99, no. 4 (October 2005): 1262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01363.2004.
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The helmet, a transparent latex-free polyvinyl chloride cylinder linked by a metallic ring to a soft collar that seals the helmet around the neck, has been recently proposed as an effective alternative to conventional face mask to deliver pressure support ventilation (PSV) during noninvasive ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. We tested the hypothesis that mechanical characteristics of the helmet (large internal volume and high compliance) might impair patient-ventilator interactions compared with standard face mask. Breathing pattern, CO2 clearance, indexes of inspiratory muscle effort and patient-ventilator asynchrony, and dyspnea were measured at different levels of PSV delivered by face mask and helmet in six healthy volunteers before (load-off) and after (load-on) application of a linear resistor. During load-off, no differences in breathing pattern and inspiratory muscle effort were found. During load-on, the use of helmet to deliver pressure support increased inspiratory muscle effort and patient-ventilator asynchrony, worsened CO2 clearance, and increased dyspnea compared with standard face mask. Autocycled breaths accounted for 12 and 25% of the total minute ventilation and for 10 and 23% of the total inspiratory muscle effort during mask and helmet PSV, respectively. We conclude that PSV delivered by helmet interface is less effective in unloading inspiratory muscles compared with PSV delivered by standard face mask. Other ventilatory assist modes should be tested to exploit to the most the potential benefits offered by the helmet.
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Jones, Harvey P., Renee R. Testa, Nola Ross, Marc L. Seal, Christos Pantelis, and Bruce Tonge. "The Melbourne Assessment of Schizotypy in Kids: A Useful Measure of Childhood Schizotypal Personality Disorder." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/635732.
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Despite being identified as a high risk cohort for psychosis, there has been relatively little research on the clinical presentation and assessment of Schizotypal Personality Disorder (SPD) in childhood. The current study aimed to develop a measure of childhood SPD (Melbourne Assessment of Schizotypy in Kids (MASK)) and assess discriminant validity against another neurodevelopmental disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Sixty-eight children aged between 5 and 12 (21 SPD, 15 ASD, and 32 typically developing) and their parents were administered the MASK. The MASK is a 57-item semistructured interview that obtains information from the child, their parents, and the clinician. The results showed high internal consistency for the MASK and higher scores in the SPD group. A factor analysis revealed two MASK factors: social/pragmatic symptoms and positive schizotypal symptoms. Both factors were associated with SPD, while only the social/pragmatic factor was associated with ASD. Within the two clinical groups, a receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the MASK (cut-off score: 132 out of 228) was a good indicator of SPD diagnosis. These preliminary MASK findings were reliable and consistent and suggest that childhood SPD is characterised by complex symptomology distinguishable from ASD.
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Kerdlapee, Pongsak, Anurat Wisitsoraat, K. Leksakul, D. Phokharatkul, R. Phatthanakun, and Adisorn Tuantranont. "Low Cost and High Resolution X-Ray Lithography for Fabrication of Microactuator." Advanced Materials Research 254 (May 2011): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.254.66.
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In this work, low-cost and high resolution X-ray lithography is developed by employing low-cost sputtered lift-off lead film on mylar sheet substrate and applied for fabrication of electrostatic actuators. X-ray mask was fabricated by conventional photolithography, Pb sputtering and lift-off process. The Pb mask is used for X-ray lithography of electrostatic actuator structures with 5 µm interdigitate electrodes. For 140 µm-thick SU-8 photoresist on Cr-coated glass substrates, Pb film thickness of around 10 µm was used to block X-ray with 95% x-ray image contrast at a critical dose of 4,200mJ/cm3. A high aspect ratio of 26.5 of SU8 microstructure with 5 µm lateral resolution has been achieved by the developed low cost Pb based X-ray mask. In addition, a steep sidewall angle of nearly 90o for SU-8 structure is confirmed. The results demonstrate that the Pb based X-ray mask offers high resolution X-ray lithography at a very low cost and is promising for microactuator applications.
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Hendi Purnata, Zaeurrahman, Hera Susanti, and Asni Tafrikhatin. "Temperature and Mask Detector using Thermal Camera and Open CV based on Color Features." Jurnal E-Komtek (Elektro-Komputer-Teknik) 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37339/e-komtek.v6i1.922.
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The current situation demands the prevention of the spread of the virus, one of which is by wearing a mask and checking the body temperature. This paper serves as a means of detecting the body temperature by using a thermal camera and the mask with a web camera. The camera is the sensor, and a buzzer is an actuator that go off automatically. A mask detection device is a tool that detects visitors who wear masks. It works by detecting the visitor's face using a camera and Open CV or digital image processing. Then, the data will be processed and compared to the one that has been input into the program. This program is able to detect masks and provide warnings if the visitors do not wear masks in a public space. When the body temperature detector detects a visitor of the normal category, which is 36˚C - 37.5˚C, the buzzer does not go off; when the body temperature is higher than 37.5˚C, the buzzer goes off automatically. An error occurred due to the dark conditions, and from the five trials with 100 cm distance, 60% of the trials were successful. Therefore, it was concluded that the testing of the mask detector succeeded with more than 60% success when the lighting was sufficient; and the distance ranged from 100 cm. This system experiment with five experiments on each sample obtained pretty good results. To get good results, the light determination is very influential.
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Chandra, Putra, Robiatun Rambe, and Depi Yasinta. "FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI SEDIAAN MASKER GEL PEEL-OFF EKSTRAK DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera L.) KOMBINASI VITAMIN E." JOPS (Journal Of Pharmacy and Science) 5, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36341/jops.v5i1.2203.
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Face mask is a beauty mask that serves as a carrier of active ingredients for skin health that is able to remove dead skin cells.. Peel-off face masks have several benefits, including being able toclean dirt on the face whileremoving dead skin cells, preventing skin damage caused by exposure to free radicals, such as acne and black patches, removing fine wrinkles due to premature aging, cleaning oil on the face and moisturizing and nourishing the skin.. The methods in this study use experimental. This research method is experimental. The study included, the creation of pell-off gel mask base orientation, formulating 3% moringa leaf ethanol extract and in combination with vitamin E with concentration variations of1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% in pell-off gel maskpreparations, preparation evaluation tests including organoleptis, homogeneity, pH, scatter power, irritation tests on volunteer skin, as well as dry time, testing of pell-off gel masks. The results showed the evaluation test of the preparation of pell-off gel mask extract of moringa leaf combination of vitamin E in the homogeneity test of all homogeneous concentrations, the pH test showed all dosage concentrations met the pH requirement which ranged from 5-8, in the irritation test all preparations did not cause redness and on the dry time test all preparations met the requirements of under 30 minutes. The conclusion of ethanol extract of moringa leaves combination of vitamin E shows it can be used as an alternative to cosmetics and can be used as a reference for use as a natural cosmetic.
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Huber, Jessica E., Elaine T. Stathopoulos, Lori A. Bormann, and Kenneth Johnson. "Effects of a Circumferentially Vented Mask on Breathing Patterns of Women as Measured by Respiratory Kinematic Techniques." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 41, no. 3 (June 1998): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4103.472.
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Since pneumotachograph masks are commonly used in studies of speech breathing, the purpose of this study was to measure the differences in respiratory volumetric and frequency measures during speech under two conditions: with and without a circumferentially vented pneumotachograph mask coupled to the face. Thus we sought to identify whether changes in breathing patterns occur with the use of a specific face mask, because these patterns are accepted as representative of normal speech breathing. Subjects were 10 normal-speaking women, each of whom produced a syllable train and a connected speech task, both at comfortable intensity levels. Respiratory measures were made using linearized magnetometers during speech production. The measurements included lung volume, rib cage volume, and abdominal volume at utterance initiation and termination, volume excursions during the utterance, and the number of breath groups during the speech task. There were no significant differences between the mask-on and mask-off conditions in volumetric and frequency measures. A significant task difference for abdominal initiation was found. It was concluded that the use of a circumferentially vented pneumotachograph mask does not alter the reliability of respiratory volume and frequency measures for studies of voice.
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Karlah L.R Mansauda, Indriyani Arman,Hosea Jaya Edy,. "FORMULASI DAN UJI STABILITAS FISIK SEDIAAN MASKER GEL PEEL-OFF EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MIANA (Coleus Scutelleroides (L.) Benth.) DENGAN BERBAGAI BASIS." Jurnal Farmasi Medica/Pharmacy Medical Journal (PMJ) 4, no. 1 (July 6, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/pmj.4.1.2021.34523.
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AbstractMiana leaves (Coleus Scutelleroides (L.) Benth.) contained flavonoid compounds that has antioxidants properties. This study aimed to formulate peel-off gel mask ethanol extract from Miana leaves became peel-off gel mask that is physically stable and to knows the type of base that form a formulation with good physical quality based on the test parameters of physical properties and the stability of preparation. Formulation of peel-off gel mask ethanol extract of miana leaves used three different types of base, they are HPMC, Carbopol, and Na.CMC. Each formula is differentiated based on base of concentration which were HPMC 4%, carbopol 1%, and Na.CMC 3%. Evaluation to predict the physical stability of the preparation included organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, dispersion test, adhesion test and dry time test. In stability test, each formula is placed at temperature 27 oC for 28 days and made observation on the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21th, and 28th day. Based on the result, the ethanol extract of Miana leaves can be formulated into a peel-off mask and formulation with HPMC and Carbopol base has a good physical quality and physically stable compared to Na.CMC base.Keywords: Miana Leaves, Peel-Off Gel Mask, Stability Teh AbstrakDaun Miana (Coleus Scutelleroides (L.) Benth.) memiliki kandungan senyawa flavonoid yang berkhasiat sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan ekstrak etanol daun Miana menjadi masker gel peel-off yang stabil secara fisik serta mengetahui jenis basis yang membentuk formulasi sediaan masker dengan mutu fisik yang baik berdasarkan parameter uji sifat fisik dan stabilitas sediaan. Formulasi sediaan masker gel peel-off ekstrak etanol daun Miana dibuat dengan menggunakan tiga jenis basis yang berbeda yaitu HPMC, karbopol, dan Na.CMC. Masing-masing formula dibedakan berdasarkan basis konsentrasi yaitu HPMC 4%, karbopol 1%, dan Na.CMC 3%. Evaluasi yang dilakukan terhadap stabilitas fisik sediaan masker gel peel-off meliputi uji organoleptis, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji daya sebar, uji daya lekat, dan uji waktu mengering. Uji stabilitas dilakukan pada suhu kamar (27 oC) selama 28 hari dan dilakukan pengamatan pada hari ke 1, 7, 14, 21, dan 28. Hasil uji stabilitas fisik sediaan masker gel peel-off ekstrak etanol daun Miana dapat diformulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan masker gel peel-off , dan formula masker dengan basis HPMC dan karbopol memiliki mutu fisik yang baik dan stabil secara fisik dibandingkan dengan basis Na.CMC.Kata kunci: Daun Miana, Masker gel peel-off, Uji Stabilitas.
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Wahyuni, Dwi Fitrah, Mardiah Mustary, Syafruddin Syafruddin, and Deviyanti Deviyanti. "Formulasi Masker Gel Peel Off dari Kulit Pisang Ambon (Musa Paradisiaca Var)." Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v4i1.875.
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Peel off face mask is one type of face mask that has advantages in its use, namely that it can be easily removed or lifted like an elastic membrane. The purpose of this study was to determine the formulation of a peel off gel mask preparation made from Ambon banana peel (Musa paradisiaca var). The gel mask formulation was made on the basis of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) with a concentration of 7%. The active ingredient used is Ambon banana peel which contains vitamin B6, carbohydrates, phosphorus, protein, vitamin C, and several other substances that are useful for body health and beauty as well as other ingredients such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. This study used experimental methods to determine the best proportion of masks from Ambon banana peels which included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, drying time, pH and dispersion. The results of the observations were organoleptic test with a characteristic brown odor and semi-solid form, homogeneity test from day 1/14 for all homogeneity formulas, pH test from day 1/14 all formulas had a good pH because they were still in range 4.5-6.5 which is 5, the dry preparation test on the 1st/14th day formula 1, 2 has good drying power because it is still in the drying time requirement of 15-30 minutes while formula 3 has a high drying power. less good than the 1st/14th day because it exceeded the drying time of the preparation, and the dispersion test on day 1 of formulas 1 and 2 met the requirements while formula 3 did not meet the requirements while on day 14 all formulas met the requirements From the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the Ambon banana peel can be formulated into a peel off gel mask preparation.
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Sholikhah, Mar’atus, and Rahayu Apriyanti. "FORMULASI DAN KARAKTERISASI FISIK MASKER GEL PEELOFF EKSTRAK LENGKUAS (Alpinia galanga, (L.) Sw)." JIFFK : Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik 16, no. 02 (December 31, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31942/jiffk.v16i02.3122.
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ABSTRACT
Alpinia galanga (L.) Sw or galangal is widely used by Indonesian people as a spice in cooking.
The content of catechins and 1-acetoxicavicol acetate in the extract is known to have antioxidant
activity. The ability of these antioxidants needs to be applied to pharmaceutical dosage forms to
improve aesthetics and ease of use. One of the topical drug delivery systems that is in accordance
with the needs of the community today is the preparation of peel-off gel mask. The purpose of this
study was to determine the effect of variations in PVA gelling agent concentration as a mask base
on the physical characteristics of galangal extract peel-off gel masks. Three mask formulations
were made based on variations in the concentration of PVA in the range of 5% -15%. The physical
characterization of the preparations included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, viscosity,
adhesion, dispersion, and drying time. Homogeneity and organoleptic parameters were analyzed
descriptively. The parameters of viscosity, drying time, pH, spreadability, and adhesion were
analyzed statistically using Anova Single Factor with a confidence level of 95%. The results
showed that the F1 and F2 formulas with PVA concentrations of 10% and 12.5% were the optimum formulas as a mask base. Based on statistical tests, variations in the concentration of PVA
significantly influence the parameters of mask adhesion with a p-value of 0.0001 (
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Sholikhah, Mar’atus, and Rahayu Apriyanti. "FORMULASI DAN KARAKTERISASI FISIK MASKER GEL PEELOFF EKSTRAK LENGKUAS (Alpinia galanga, (L.) Sw)." Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik 16, no. 02 (March 2, 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31942/jiffk.v16i02.3233.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT
Alpinia galanga (L.) Sw or galangal is widely used by Indonesian people as a spice in cooking.
The content of catechins and 1-acetoxicavicol acetate in the extract is known to have antioxidant
activity. The ability of these antioxidants needs to be applied to pharmaceutical dosage forms to
improve aesthetics and ease of use. One of the topical drug delivery systems that is in accordance
with the needs of the community today is the preparation of peel-off gel mask. The purpose of this
study was to determine the effect of variations in PVA gelling agent concentration as a mask base
on the physical characteristics of galangal extract peel-off gel masks. Three mask formulations
were made based on variations in the concentration of PVA in the range of 5% -15%. The physical
characterization of the preparations included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, viscosity,
adhesion, dispersion, and drying time. Homogeneity and organoleptic parameters were analyzed
descriptively. The parameters of viscosity, drying time, pH, spreadability, and adhesion were
analyzed statistically using Anova Single Factor with a confidence level of 95%. The results
showed that the F1 and F2 formulas with PVA concentrations of 10% and 12.5% were the optimum formulas as a mask base. Based on statistical tests, variations in the concentration of PVA
significantly influence the parameters of mask adhesion with a p-value of 0.0001 (
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Kaplan, Kalman J. "The Case of Dr. Kevorkian and Mr. Gale: A Brief Historical Note." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 36, no. 2 (January 1, 1997): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/urre-161p-mf9h-r3q6.
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One of Jack Kevorkian's most controversial cases involved Hugh Gale, a seventy-year-old man suffering from emphysema and congestive heart disease, who was found dead on February 15, 1993 with a canister of carbon monoxide attached to a gas mask on his face. A document discovered in a garbage bag indicated that Gale had attempted to change his mind prior to his death requesting that the mask be taken off two separate times. The document revealed mat Kevorkian removed the mask only once, the patient lapsing into unconsciousness after the second request—and dying. A search warrant of Kevorkian's apartment was issued as a result of this discovery, revealing a copy of the original document which had been altered to conceal the second request by Gale to remove the mask. The prosecutor decided against bringing charges against Kevorkian because of the lack of corroboration among the witnesses present at Mr. Gale's death.
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Mills, Eleanor, and Kun Guo. "Impact of Face Masks on Female Body Perception is Modulated by Facial Expressions." Perception 51, no. 1 (November 25, 2021): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03010066211061092.
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People routinely wear face masks during the pandemic, but little is known about their impact on body perception. In this online study, we presented female body images of Caucasian avatars in common dress sizes displaying happy, angry, and neutral facial expressions with and without face masks, and asked women to rate the perceived body attractiveness and body size. In comparison with mask-off condition, mask-on decreased body attractiveness ratings for happy avatars but did not affect ratings for neutral avatars irrespective of avatar dress sizes. For avatars displaying angry expressions, mask-on increased body attractiveness ratings for slimmer avatars but did not affect ratings for larger avatars. On the other hand, body size estimation was not systematically affected by face masks and facial expressions. It appears that face masks mainly show an expression-dependent influence on body attractiveness judgement, possibly through suppressing the perceived facial expressions.
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Reitz, Robert J., Vikas S. Kotha, Jessica R. Gutai, Irene Baus, Bridget A. Bona, Anand R. Kumar, and Edward H. Davidson. "Mask on, Mask off: The Role of Comprehensive Craniofacial Care in Addressing Patient Safety and COVID-19 Mandates during School Reopening." Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 148, no. 2 (July 9, 2021): 351e—352e. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000008116.
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de Laat, Adrianus, Eric Defer, Julien Delanoë, Fabien Dezitter, Amanda Gounou, Alice Grandin, Anthony Guignard, Jan Fokke Meirink, Jean-Marc Moisselin, and Frédéric Parol. "Analysis of geostationary satellite-derived cloud parameters associated with environments with high ice water content." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, no. 4 (April 10, 2017): 1359–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-1359-2017.
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Abstract. We present an evaluation of the ability of passive broadband geostationary satellite measurements to detect high ice water content (IWC > 1 g m−3) as part of the European High Altitude Ice Crystals (HAIC) project for detection of upper-atmospheric high IWC, which can be a hazard for aviation. We developed a high IWC mask based on measurements of cloud properties using the Cloud Physical Properties (CPP) algorithm applied to the geostationary Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI). Evaluation of the high IWC mask with satellite measurements of active remote sensors of cloud properties (CLOUDSAT/CALIPSO combined in the DARDAR (raDAR–liDAR) product) reveals that the high IWC mask is capable of detecting high IWC values > 1 g m−3 in the DARDAR profiles with a probability of detection of 60–80 %. The best CPP predictors of high IWC were the condensed water path, cloud optical thickness, cloud phase, and cloud top height. The evaluation of the high IWC mask against DARDAR provided indications that the MSG-CPP high IWC mask is more sensitive to cloud ice or cloud water in the upper part of the cloud, which is relevant for aviation purposes. Biases in the CPP results were also identified, in particular a solar zenith angle (SZA) dependence that reduces the performance of the high IWC mask for SZAs > 60°. Verification statistics show that for the detection of high IWC a trade-off has to be made between better detection of high IWC scenes and more false detections, i.e., scenes identified by the high IWC mask that do not contain IWC > 1 g m−3. However, the large majority of these detections still contain IWC values between 0.1 and 1 g m−3. Comparison of the high IWC mask against results from the Rapidly Developing Thunderstorm (RDT) algorithm applied to the same geostationary SEVIRI data showed that there are similarities and differences with the high IWC mask: the RDT algorithm is very capable of detecting young/new convective cells and areas, whereas the high IWC mask appears to be better capable of detecting more mature and ageing convection as well as cirrus remnants. The lack of detailed understanding of what causes aviation hazards related to high IWC, as well as the lack of clearly defined user requirements, hampers further tuning of the high IWC mask. Future evaluation of the high IWC mask against field campaign data, as well as obtaining user feedback and user requirements from the aviation industry, should provide more information on the performance of the MSG-CPP high IWC mask and contribute to improving the practical use of the high IWC mask.
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Haas, Bruno, Philipp Schorch, and Michael Mel. "Interpreting a Tatanua Mask." Museum Worlds 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 139–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/armw.2019.070110.
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This article introduces the art historical method of functional deixis into the study of material culture in anthropology. Functional deixis begins with a thorough empirical description of communicative effects—visual and embodied—produced by a material thing on the beholder. It then proceeds by tending to a kind of formalisation that enables us, on the one hand, to sharpen our intuitive reaction to the thing and, on the other, to obtain detailed knowledge about the ways material things produce significance. Here, the method is applied to a tatanua mask originating from present-day Papua New Guinea and currently housed at the Grassi Museum für Völkerkunde in Leipzig, Germany. Based on a thick description, we propose an in-depth interpretation of the mask as a complex response to a fundamental injury, articulating a symbolic expression of grief (left side) with an iconic expression overcoming grief (right side) after a passage through a real word expressed through the front of the mask. In doing so, the article offers a tool to study with rather than a text to read off.
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Mardiyan Tamami, Insy, and Vivi Efrianova. "Feasibility of Gel Mask Peel Off Basil Leaves for Acne-Prone Facial Skin." Jurnal Tata Rias dan Kecantikan 4, no. 2 (October 29, 2022): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jitrk.v4i2.109.
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Basil leaf peel off gel mask as one of the basic ingredients of traditional cosmetics for acne-prone facial skin care. This study aims a) to determine the content of flavonoids, tannins and vitamin C contained in the basil leaf peel off gel mask b) find out the feasibility of the basil peel off gel mask in terms of texture, aroma, adhesion (organoleptic test) and panelist preferences (hedonic test). This research uses quantitative methods of pre-experiment method type. The place and time of the study was conducted at the FMIPA Laboratory and the Cosmetology and Beauty Laboratory of FPP UNP in January 2022. The object of study is basil leaves.The data sources used were 7 panelists, namely 1 beauty doctor, 1 chemical analyst, lecturer and 3 Cosmetology and Beauty students who had passed the cosmethodology course. The results of the analysis were obtained in kemngi leaves per 100gr of flavonoid content as much as 0.00104%, tannins as much as 0.0089% and vitamin C as much as 0.158%. Judging from the results of organoleptic tests on the texture aspect, the ratio of 10g: 2.5g got the highest score, namely 57.1% in the condensed category, in the aroma aspect the ratio of 15g: 2.5g got the highest score of 71.4% in the flavored category, at the closeness of the ratio of 10g: 2.5g got the highest score of 57.10% in the adhesive category and the panelists' favorability in the ratio of 10g: 2.5g got the highest score of 57.10% in the like category. The results of this study can be used as preliminary data for the next researchers in examining this problem regarding the basil leaf peel off gel mask to be further refined.
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Su, Kuo-Chih, Chun-Hsiang Wang, and Yu-Chun Yen. "Evaluations of 3D-Printed Surgical Mask Tension Release Bands for Common COVID-19 Use with Biomechanics, Sensor Array System, and Finite Element Analysis." Sensors 22, no. 15 (August 7, 2022): 5897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155897.
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A mask is one of the most basic protections to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. Surgical mask tension release bands (SMTRBs) are commonly used to ease the pain caused by prolonged mask use. However, the structural strength of SMTRBs and the effect that wearing masks with SMTRBs has on the face are unclear. Thus, this study assessed the mechanics of seven different types of 3D-printed SMTRBs. In this study, a tensile testing machine, a sensor array system, and finite element analysis were used to evaluate the mechanisms of seven SMTRBs. The tensile testing machine was applied to measure the breaking strength, elongation, stiffness, and rupture of the band. The sensor array system was used to calculate the pressure on the face when the band was used together with the mask. Finite element analysis was applied to evaluate the level of stress on the SMTRB structure when each of the seven bands was subjected to external force. The results demonstrated that thick SMTRBs put more pressure on the face but had greater structural strength. The thinner bands did not break easily; however, the mask ear loops tended to slip off more often. In addition, the size of the band hook affected the magnitude of the external force. This study provides a biomechanical reference for the future design of SMTRBs.
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Pebriani, Ajeng Ayu, and Maya Uzia Beandrade. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GEL MASK PEEL OF BLACK GLUTINOUS RICE EXTRACT (ORYZA SATIVA VAR GLUTINOSA) AND GREEN TEA (CAMELIA SINENSIS)." Jurnal Mitra Kesehatan 4, IAHSC (December 20, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47522/jmk.v1iiahsc.106.
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Introduction: Black glutinous rice (Oriza sativa var glutinosa) and green tea (Camelia sinensis) are plants that are useful for moisturizing the skin. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best formulation of peel-off gel mask preparations from black glutinous rice and green tea extract. Method: The gel mask formulation was made on the basis of variations in the concentration of Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) of F1 (2,5%), F2 (3%) and F3 (3,5%) with evaluation including organoleptic tests, pH, viscosity, homogenity, dispersity test, and drying time at temperatures of 4oC, 25oC, 40oC for 28 days. Results: The evaluation results of the three formulations met the requirements for a good peel-off gel mask. pH results are between 4.6-5.5 which is still in the standard range of 4.5-6.0. The results of the viscosity test are 6.500-12.166.7 cps which are in the range of 6.000-24.000 cps, the dispersion area meets the requirements of 5-7 cm, the result of the drying time is 15-22 minutes which are in the range of 15-30 minutes. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study was that F1, F2, and F3 met all the requirements for peel off gel masks by storing at temperatures of 4oC, 25oC, 40oC for 28 days.
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Lee, Ji-Yong, and Yong-Sun Kim. "The Effect of Expectations for Appearance Management on Cosmetic Behavior and Intention to Purchase Colorful Cosmetic Products due to Not Wearing a Mask." Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology 29, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52660/jksc.2023.29.1.157.
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Through this, the purpose of this study is to examine the various effects of not wearing a mask in recent years by examining the effect of makeup behavior and the expected value on appearance due to not wearing a mask, and examining the relationship between makeup behavior and purchase intention of color cosmetics. Through this, the purpose of this study is to examine the various effects of not wearing a mask in recent years by examining the effect of makeup behavior and the expected value on appearance due to not wearing a mask, and examining the relationship between makeup behavior and purchase intention of color cosmetics. In order to achieve this objective, 300 women in their 20s and 40s who are sensitive to their appearance were selected from August 26, 2022 to August 30, 2022, using a non-probability sampling method called Convenience Sampling. Data were collected through an Internet-specialized survey company and used in the final thesis. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability test, descriptive statistical analysis, and linear regression analysis were performed using SPSS 18.0 to examine the effect on the expected value of appearance management, makeup behavior, and purchase intention of color cosmetics. As a result of examining the effect of appearance management expectations on makeup behaviors, self-satisfaction expected values are in line with conformity-seeking makeup behaviors, fashion-seeking makeup behaviors, personality-seeking makeup behaviors, change-seeking makeup behaviors, and relationship-seeking makeup behaviors. In pursuit of makeup behavior, fashion-seeking makeup behavior, change-seeking makeup behavior, show-off makeup behavior, relationship-seeking makeup behavior, and conformity-seeking makeup behavior, fashion-seeking makeup behavior, individuality-seeking makeup behavior, show-off makeup behavior, these were found to have an effect on relationship-seeking makeup behavior. Next, as a result of examining the effect of makeup behavior on purchase intention of color cosmetics, fashion-seeking makeup behavior affects both base makeup and point makeup. In conclusion, we can confirm that it is possible to predict the change in the color cosmetics market as not wearing a mask increases the expected value of appearance and affects the makeup behavior. Accordingly, in the beauty industry, it is necessary to develop detailed services and various products that meet the needs of consumers. Furthermore, as the expectations of men's appearance are increasing in line with the expectation of not wearing a mask as a future study, it seems that a study comparing men and women should be conducted.
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Stine, Wm Wren, Patricia A. Levesque, Megan E. Lusignan, and Andrew J. Kitt. "Motion-Induced Blindness Using Increments and Decrements of Luminance." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 71, no. 5 (October 26, 2017): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prolas-2017-0063.
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Abstract Motion-induced blindness describes the disappearance of stationary elements of a scene when other, perhaps non-overlapping, elements of the scene are in motion. We measured the effects of increment (200.0 cd/m2) and decrement targets (15.0 cd/m2) and masks presented on a grey background (108.0 cd/m2), tapping into putative ON- and OFF-channels, on the rate of target disappearance psychophysically. We presented two-frame motion, which has coherent motion energy, and dynamic Glass patterns and dynamic anti-Glass patterns, which do not have coherent motion energy. Using the method of constant stimuli, participants viewed stimuli of varying durations (3.1 s, 4.6 s, 7.0 s, 11 s, or 16 s) in a given trial and then indicated whether or not the targets vanished during that trial. Psychometric function midpoints were used to define absolute threshold mask duration for the disappearance of the target. 95% confidence intervals for threshold disappearance times were estimated using a bootstrap technique for each of the participants across two experiments. Decrement masks were more effective than increment masks with increment targets. Increment targets were easier to mask than decrement targets. Distinct mask pattern types had no effect, suggesting that perceived coherence contributes to the effectiveness of the mask. The ON/OFF dichotomy clearly carries its influence to the level of perceived motion coherence. Further, the asymmetry in the effects of increment and decrement masks on increment and decrement targets might lead one to speculate that they reflect the ‘importance’ of detecting decrements in the environment.
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Arscott, Steve. "On evaporation via an inclined rotating circular lift-off shadow or stencil mask." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 37, no. 1 (January 2019): 011602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.5057404.
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