Relevant bibliographies by topics / Masculinity (Mas)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Masculinity (Mas)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Masculinity (Mas)"

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Louie, Kam. "Constructing Chinese Masculinity for the Modern World: with Particular Reference to Lao She's The Two Mas." China Quarterly 164 (December 2000): 1062–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000019305.

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In the early decades of the 20th century, Chinese identities were subjected to profound challenges posed by the West. Traditional Chinese linkages between gender and power were shaken by contact with aggressive western imperialism. Although there are numerous studies on this impact, almost nothing has been written on its effects on the Chinese constructions of masculinity. Did East-West contact significantly change the male ideal? If so, how did the new image integrate traditional and Western gender configurations? This article first examines the theoretical basis of masculinity models in traditional China, and then analyses the ways in which a Western context could alter the ways Chinese intellectuals reconstruct these models to arrive at a new male prototype. As one of the best known examples of the interface between East and West, Lao She's (1899–1966) novel Er Ma (The Two Mas) will be used as a case study. The 1920s was a time when many Westernized intellectuals such as Xu Zhimo were totally enamoured by European civilization, to such an extent that Xu's influential friend Hu Shi once called for a “wholesale Westernization” of Chinese culture. While there was a great diversity of masculine ideals in this period, the effects on the male identity from contact with the West were fundamental and enduring, and the images presented in The Two Mas were in many respects typical of the Republican era.
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Beck, Dorothee. "A Bridge with Three Pillars." Moving the Social 65 (August 9, 2021): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/mts.65.2021.17-36.

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The paper reflects on the externalisation of violence in media discourses about migra- tion in Germany. I discuss in how far news media build discursive bridges to masculist and far-right groups. To this end, I draw on some of the findings of my research proj- ect ‘Genderism’ in Media Debate. Thematic cycles from 2006 to 2016. Soldierly mascu- linity is seen as hegemonic in the far right. By means of an alleged crisis of masculinity and victimisation of men, this is linked to masculist concepts. The far right as well as masculists accuse women, especially feminists, of being to blame for the effeminacy of men. This crisis of masculinity is considered a problem, to which soldierly masculinity is offered as a solution. The findings of the mentioned genderism-project show that news media discuss the crisis of masculinity, as well as the blaming of feminists. Yet, they do not take up far-right concepts directly. Masculist views can be regarded as the central pillar of a discursive bridge between news media and far-right concepts of mas- culinity. I argue that the notion of a discursive bridge only works with masculist views as intermediary between news media and the far right. Thus, masculism is a crucial ideology to link far-right views regarding discourses in society.
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Kerfoot, Deborah, and Stephen Whitehead. "‘Boys Own’ Stuff: Masculinity and the Management of Further Education." Sociological Review 46, no. 3 (August 1998): 436–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-954x.00126.

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The connections between men, masculinity and management remain understated if not largely concealed, despite a critical spotlight being increasingly cast on masculinity by many academic and other writers. In a similar vein, numerous commentators on organisation have charted the rise of new organisational forms and structures, and the management practices which flow from them. With few notable exceptions, however these bodies of work deny or downplay the complex linkages and inter connections between masculinity and the activities of management. By drawing on the case of UK further education (FE), and more particularly, the management practices therein, an aim of this article is to draw attention to this inter-relationship of masculinities and men managers. In so doing, we suggest that the term ‘masculine subject’ best exemplifies those men, and women, who seek to invest their sense of being in mas culinist discourses. The empirical basis is taken from research undertaker across a number of FE colleges wherein 24 men managers were interviewed as part of a larger project concerned with the management and regulation of the sector. In exposing the intensified and increasingly uncertain work conditions now typifying the new FE work culture, this article draws attention to practices of oppression and bullying by managers underplayed or overlooked by writers elsewhere.
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Malone, Bethany, Stephania Hasan, Aliu Sanni, and James Reilly. "Mismatch of Cultural Dimensions in an Urban Medical Educational Environment." Journal of Biomedical Education 2013 (October 21, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/617674.

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Objective. To identify cultural dimensions and their potential mismatches between attending physicians and their residents and medical students. Methods. We surveyed faculty and students, both undergraduates and postgraduate resident physicians, at the SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, using Hofstede’s VSM-08 questionnaire, and calculated cultural dimensions, including the Power-Distance Index (PDI), Individualism (IDV), Masculinity (MAS), Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI), and Long-term Outlook (LTO). Correlations between faculty and student demographic data and cultural dimensions were calculated (SPSS). Results. There were 237 student and resident respondents and 96 faculty respondents. Comparing all faculty and student respondents, significant differences were found in four of five cultural dimensions, with faculty scoring higher in MAS, and lower in PDI, IDV, UAI, and LTO. Conclusions. These differences may be important in the design and implementation of a medical educational curriculum, and, particularly, in the measurement and evaluation of educational outcomes.
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Kokurcan, A., K. Nazan, and İ. Ö. İlhan. "Identifying the relationship between marital adjustment and, sex roles and burnout rather than dependence features of the patient in wives of the patients with AUD." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1737.

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ObjectiveTo identify the relationship between marital adjustment and, sex roles and burnout rather than dependence features of the patient in wives of the patients with AUD.MethodThe study sample consisted of 33 wives of AUD patients (according to DSM-IV-TR criteria) who were applied to a University Hospital Alcohol Dependence Clinic to leave alcohol use. Sociodemographic questionnaire, Marital Adjustment Scale (MAS), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Bem Sex Role Inventory-Short Form (BSRI) and, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were applied to the wives of ADD patients.ResultsMean MAS score was under cut-off score (29.63 ± 10.33) and it shows that marital adjustment is lower in wives of ADD patients. It was shown that marriages longer than ten years, and higher emotional exhaustion scores were associated with lower marital adjustment in our study. Masculinity scores were higher in wives who perceived their income status higher. In contrast to previous studies, which examined marital adjustment, masculinity role was found to be associated with higher marital adjustment in our study.DiscussionEmotional exhaustion and depression are common in spouses of the patients with ADD in our study. There may be a distortion in expected roles of the spouses which cause a disequilibrium on the family relationship. Lower income status, having increased number of children was associated with severe depression in wives which found to reduce marital adjustment scores. Finally, most of the wives of ADD patients will need psychotherapeutic treatments during addiction period. So incorporating spouses into treatment of ADD patients is a necessity to improve marital adjustment and burnout.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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AlAnezi, A., and B. Alansari. "Gender Differences in Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Among a Kuwaiti Sample." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S503—S504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1853.

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IntroductionHofstede's model of cultural dimensions has become the most widely accepted and most frequently cited model for cross-cultural research. His cultural dimensions included power distance index (PDI), individualism vs. collectivism (IDV), masculinity vs. femininity (MAS), uncertainty avoidance index (UAI), and long-term vs. short-term orientation (LTO).ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to explore gender related differences in the Hofstede's five dimensions of national culture for work-related values among a sample from Kuwait.MethodsThe participants were 540 first year secondary school Kuwaiti teachers (270 males: mean age = 28.95 ± 2.47; 270 females: mean age = 28.20 ± 2.04). The Arabic version of the Values Survey Module, VSM 08 was administered to participants. Data analysis include independent sample t-test was used to examine gender differences in Hofstede's five dimensions of national culture.ResultsInternal consistency was satisfactory for the Power Distance, Individualism vs. Collectivism, Masculinity vs. Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance, and Long-term vs. Short-term Orientation subscales respectively (Cronbach's alpha = 0.82, 0.84, 0.90, 0.74, 0.87) for males and (Cronbach's alpha = 0.77, 0.90, 0.83, 0.80, 0.88) for females. The results revealed significant gender differences where the males obtained a higher score than females on individualism (t = 2.95, P < 0.002), and masculinity (t = 2.77, P < 0.005), while females obtained a higher score than males on power distance (t = 4.48, P < 0.000), and long-term orientation (t = 4.13, P < 0.000).ConclusionThese findings suggest that the gender differences exist for cultural dimensions, and provide insight on leadership characteristics.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Verquère, Laura. "Vers une approche plurielle et dynamique de la fabrique des stéréotypes." Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo 8, no. 2 (December 20, 2019): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/slj.v8.n2.2019.405.

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FR. Cet article se propose d’analyser la production des stéréotypes de la masculinité et de la paternité dans la presse féminine « engagée », en l’occurrence Causette. Ce travail repose sur l’étude précise d’un numéro de ce magazine, et plus particulièrement d’une enquête sur le congé paternité publiée dans le cadre d’un débat public sur le sujet. Il se fonde sur une méthodologie plurielle pour faire tenir ensemble des enjeux à la fois individuels et collectifs mais aussi professionnels, symboliques et identitaires indissociables, en saisissant par plusieurs biais, les processus de construction et de déconstruction des stéréotypes : organisation de travail, pratiques professionnelles, représentations et contenus médiatiques. Enfin, ce sont les articulations entre les normes de genre et les stéréotypes de classe qui sont analysées dans cet article, à travers l’étude de la fabrique d’une figure paternelle, interrogée en tant qu’une redéfinition d’une nouvelle « masculinité hégémonique ». *** EN. This article analyzes the construction of stereotypes of masculinity and fatherhood in the “activist” women's press, in this case Causette. The analysis is based on a detailed study of one issue of this magazine, and more particularly a survey on paternity leave published within the context of a public debate on the subject. An interdisciplinary methodology was adopted to link individual and collective, as well as professional, symbolic and identity-related, challenges, and capture, from divergent perspectives, the processes of construction and deconstruction of stereotypes in work organization, professional practices, representations and media content. Finally, the juncture between gender norms and class stereotypes is analyzed through the study of the paternal figure construct as a potential new “hegemonic masculinity.” *** PT. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a produção de estereótipos da masculinidade e da paternidade na imprensa feminina « engajada », neste caso Causette. Este trabalho baseia-se no estudo preciso de uma edição desta revista, e mais particularmente em uma pesquisa sobre licença-paternidade publicada no contexto de um debate público sobre o assunto. Baseia-se em uma metodologia plural para reunir as questões ao mesmo tempo individuais e coletivas, mas também profissionais, simbólicas e identitárias, indissociáveis, apreendendo de várias maneiras os processos de construção e desconstrução de estereótipos: organização do trabalho, práticas profissionais, representações e conteúdos midiáticos. Finalmente, são as articulações entre normas de gênero e estereótipos de classe que são analisadas neste artigo, através do estudo da construção de uma figura paterna, questionada como redefinição de uma nova « masculinidade hegemônica ». ***
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Minkov, Michael, Pinaki Dutt, Michael Schachner, Janar Jandosova, Yerlan Khassenbekov, Oswaldo Morales, and Vesselin Blagoev. "What would people do with their money if they were rich? A search for Hofstede dimensions across 52 countries." Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 26, no. 1 (April 26, 2019): 93–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccsm-11-2018-0193.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test the replicability of Hofstede’s value-based dimensions – masculinity–femininity (MAS–FEM) and individualism–collectivism (IDV–COLL) – in the field of consumer behavior, and to compare cultural prioritizations with respect to disposable income budgets across the world. Design/methodology/approach The authors asked 51,529 probabilistically selected respondents in 52 countries (50 nationally representative consumer panels and community samples from another two countries) what they would do with their money if they were rich. The questionnaire items targeted Hofstede’s MAS–FEM and IDV–COLL as well as a wider range of options deemed sufficiently meaningful, ethical and moral across the world. Findings The authors obtained two main dimensions. The first contrasts self-enhancing and altruistic choices (status and power-seeking spending vs donating for healthcare) and is conceptually similar to MAS–FEM. However, it is statistically related to Hofstede’s fifth dimension, or monumentalism–flexibility (MON–FLX), not to MAS–FEM. The second dimension contrasts conservative-collectivist choices and modern-hedonistic concerns (donating for religion and sports vs preserving nature and travel abroad for pleasure) and is a variant of COLL–IDV. Research limitations/implications The authors left out various potential consumer choices as they were deemed culturally incomparable or unacceptable in some societies. Nevertheless, the findings paint a sufficiently rich image of worldwide value differences underpinning idealized consumer behavior prioritizations. Practical implications The study could be useful to international marketing and consumer behavior experts. Social implications The study contributes to the understanding of modern cultural differences across the world. Originality/value This is the first large cross-cultural study that reveals differences in values through a novel approach: prioritizations of consumer choices. It enriches the understanding of IDV–COLL and MON–FLX, and, in particular, of the value prioritizations of the East Asian nations. The study provides new evidence that Hofstede’s MAS–FEM is a peculiarity of his IBM database with no societal analogue. Some of the so-called MAS–FEM values are components of MON–FLX, which is statistically unrelated to Hofstede’s MAS–FEM.
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Ali, Saiyed Wajid, and Swati Sudan. "Influence of Cultural Factors on Impulse Buying Tendency: A Study of Indian Consumers." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 22, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972262917750247.

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Products bought on impulse occupy a significant share in the customers’ basket and with new formats of retail increasing exposure to in-store stimuli, this trend is on the upswing. However, as the number of retail stores increases, it becomes imperative for the marketer to understand the customers and what drives their choices. Literature review reveals that culture is an important variable driving consumer behaviour. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine whether individual cultural values can influence consumers’ impulse buying tendencies among Indian consumers. The factors that were under investigation in this study were power distance (PD), uncertainty avoidance (UA), collectivism (Coll), masculinity (Mas) and long-term orientation (LTO). Primary data for the study, collected by means of questionnaires filled by 724 Indian consumers, was analysed using confirmatory factor analysis and multiple linear regression. The results indicated that PD, LTO and Mas influence individuals’ affective impulse buying tendency (AIBT), whereas UA and LTO were found to be significantly related to cognitive impulse buying tendency (CIBT). The findings of the study will enhance the understanding of marketers regarding how to influence consumers to buy impulsively in order to drive sales and increase market share through appropriate marketing strategies.
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Martins, Maria Manuela, and Ilídio Tomás Lopes. "Culture and profitability: empirical evidence at a European level." Corporate Ownership and Control 13, no. 2 (2016): 580–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i2c3p7.

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Organizational cultures distinguish different organizations within the same country or countries. When comparing the organizations within the same country differences in national cultures are not relevant but become relevant in comparison between different countries. This paper intends to evidence whether the profitability of companies can be influenced by the national culture. In order to characterize the culture of each country, we used the Hofstede measure of cultural dimensions (1. Power Distance (PDI); 2. Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI); 3. Individualism (IDV); 4. Masculinity (MAS); 5. Long-Term Orientation (LTO); and 6. Indulgence vs Restraint (IND)). Sample was based on the 500 largest European companies rated by the Financial Times 2015. Profitability was measured by the ratios Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). Statistical tests were performed to test whether the means of the variables used to measure profitability are statistically equal. The results indicate that companies with higher profitability are from countries with lower Power Distance, lower Uncertainty Avoidance, Long-Term Orientation, and Higher Indulgence
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Masculinity (Mas)"

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Johnson, Michael D. "Reaching Critical Mas/culinities: Normative Masculine Ideology as a Generative Rhetorical Construct." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1557753720963089.

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Lopes, Charles Roberto Ross. "Seja gay... mas não se esqueça de ser discreto : produção de masculinidades homossexuais na Revista Rose (Brasil, 1979-1983)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/32309.

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Rose... assim era denominada a primeira revista gay editada no Brasil entre fins da década de 1970 e princípios de 1980. Em suas páginas eram publicadas informações do cenário artístico-cultural da época, contos eróticos, estórias em quadrinho, cartuns, anúncios de homens interessados em corresponder-se com outros homens, artigos que versavam sobre a homossexualidade masculina. Nessas páginas havia, também, uma profusão de corpos masculinos tendendo a nudez. Entretanto, nos limites dessa dissertação a revista Rose, não foi considerada apenas como veículo de comunicação e entretenimento, mas, antes disso, tomada como fonte histórica. Enquanto portadora de um conjunto de pedagogias do gênero e da sexualidade, a revista está implicada na produção de um modelo de masculinidade homossexual normalizada. A partir do referencial teórico dos Estudos de Gênero, desde uma perspectiva feminista e pós-estruturalista, analiso o enunciado que articula a masculinidade homossexual a comportamentos efeminados. E é a abjeção a tais comportamentos que servirá de base para a construção do homem gay discreto, marcadamente masculinizado. Portanto, a discrição – enquanto signo de masculinidade – parece assegurar a inteligibilidade social desses homens, “autorizando” sua própria existência. De qualquer maneira, a revista não deve ser reduzida a problemática aqui desenvolvida, uma vez que nela estão presentes outros enunciados.
Rose... so it was named the first gay magazine edited in Brazil between late 1970s and early 1980s. On its pages, information about the cultural-artistic scene of that time, erotic stories, stories in comics, cartoons, advertisements of men interested in corresponding with other men, and articles that dealt with male homosexuality were published. On those pages there was also a profusion of male bodies tending to nudity. However, within the bounds of this dissertation, Rose magazine has not been considered only as a vehicle of communication and entertainment, above all, it has been taken as a historical source. As a carrier of a set of pedagogies of gender and sexuality, the magazine is involved in producing a normalized model of homosexual masculinity. Based on the theoretical referential of Gender Studies from a feminist and post-structuralist perspective, it was analyzed the “enunciation” that articulates the homosexual masculinity to feminine behaviors. It is the degradation of such behaviors that will serve as the basis for the construction of a discrete gay man, with a distinct male-like behavior. Therefore, discretion – as a sign of masculinity – seems to ensure the social intelligence of those men, "authorizing" their own existence. However, the magazine should not be reduced to the problematic here developed, since there are other issues presented in it.
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Oliveira, Luciano. "Qu'est-ce qu'un homme ? : étude psychanalytique sur la masculinité à partir du discours d'hommes soumis à la pénectomie suite à un cancer du pénis." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ2006.

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Introduction : À partir d’une pratique clinique développée auprès d’hommes soumis à l’amputation chirurgicale du pénis (pénectomie), ont surgi des questions qui, dans un premier temps, ont donné lieu à notre recherche au niveau Master en Psychologie. Certains résultats nous ont aidé à formuler la problématique de notre thèse de doctorat, condensée dans la question suivante : « Qu’est-ce qu’un homme ? ». Nous avons observé, dans le discours des patients, que la souffrance psychique tient autant à l’altération du corps qu'à la nécessité d'affronter le réel de l'amputation au moyen de la production de nouvelles réponses à la question de ce qu’est un homme ; et, qui plus est, un homme sans pénis. Objectif général : contribuer au débat sur la masculinité dans la psychanalyse, à partir aussi bien des discours d’hommes soumis à la pénectomie que des élaborations psychanalytiques autour de la masculinité. Objectifs spécifiques : (1) identifier chez Freud et Lacan, comme chez d’autres psychanalystes contemporains, les éléments permettant de proposer une façon de penser la masculinité dans une perspective psychanalytique ; (2) comprendre, à partir du discours de nos sujets de recherche, les impacts de l’amputation pénienne sur la masculinité ; et (3) vérifier les nouveaux points d’appui, s’ils existent, de la masculinité de ces hommes-là dans l’absence du pénis. Méthodologie : Dans un premier moment, nous avons recherché et discuté dans l’œuvre de Freud et Lacan, comme d’autres psychanalystes, les éléments nécessaires à une réflexion psychanalytique sur la masculinité. Ensuite, nous avons repris les entretiens faits à l’occasion du Master en Psychologie pour y vérifier ce qu’ils pouvaient nous apprendre sur les avatars de la masculinité lorsque celle-ci perd son étayage pénien. Les récits ont été travaillé à partir de la relation que chaque sujet établit avec le signifiant. Ainsi, le déchiffrage des signifiants énoncés a pris en compte la dimension inconsciente, qui commande la chaîne des signifiants du discours. Résultats: (1) La masculinité, chez Freud, se rapproche d’une construction défensive contre la féminisation à l’égard du père, qui implique la castration ; (2) Le dernier enseignement de Lacan permet de penser la masculinité en tant que création singulière face à l’impossible de signifier relatif à l’être sexué ; (3) La résistance des sujets à suivre les prescriptions du discours médical sur comment jouir d’une femme après la pénectomie tient à l’incompatibilité de ces injonctions médicales avec les semblants qui ont toujours servi de point d’ancrage à l’image virile de ces sujets ; (4) après la chirurgie, de nouveaux signifiants, comme « homme doux », « protecteur de la famille », participent du travail psychique de reconstruction de l’image virile. Considérations finales : Nous espérons que notre recherche pourra contribuer à l’enrichissement du débat sur l’être homme, ainsi qu’à l’approfondissement de la compréhension de la masculinité par les psychanalystes et les professionnels de santé qui ont affaire avec la population masculine en général et, en particulier, les hommes soumis à la pénectomie
Introduction: From a practice clinic with men undergone to the surgical amputation of the penis (penectomy), some questions arose and resulted, initially, in our Master research in Psychology. Some of the findings helped us to formulate our PhD research problem, which can be resumed in the following question: “What is a man?”. We have observed in the patients discourse that the psychological suffering is not only due to the body modification but also to the necessity of facing the reality of the amputation through the construction of new answers to the question of what a man is, in special, a man without the penis. General objective: To contribute to the debate on the masculinity in the psychoanalysis, from the discourse of men undergone to the penectomy, as well as the psychoanalytic theorizations about the masculinity. Specific objectives: (1) to identify in Freud’s and Lacan’s work, in addition to other contemporaneous authors, the elements that allow us to think the masculinity in a psychoanalytic perspective; (2) to understand, from our research subjects discourse, the penile amputation impact on the masculinity; (3) to verify the new support points, if they do exist, to the patients masculinity in the absence of the penis. Methodology: Initially, we searched and discussed on Freud’s and Lacan’s work the necessary elements to a psychoanalytic reflection about the masculinity. Next, we retook the interviews made at the time of our Master in Psychology research in order to verify what they could teach us in regard to the transformations occurred in the masculinity when it loses the its penile support. We worked on the interviews with the viewpoint of the relationship that each of our subjects sets up with the significant. Therefore, the decryption of the arisen significants took into account the unconscious dimension, which commands the discourse of the significant chain. Results: (1) In Freud’s work, the masculinity is closer to a defensive construction against the feminization regarding to the father, what implies the castration; (2) The last teaching of Lacan allows us to consider the masculinity as a singular creation facing the impossible of signifying concerning to the sexed being;(3) The subjects’ resistances in following the medical discourse prescriptions on how to satisfy a woman after the penectomy are due to the incompatibility of these injunctions and the semblances that have always served as anchor points to these subjects’ virile image; (4) after the surgery, new significants, such as “the gentle man” and “the family protector”, take part in the psychological reconstruction work of the virile image. Final considerations: We expect that our research may contribute to the enrichment of the debate on what being a man is, as well as to an in-depth comprehension of the masculinity by both the psychoanalysts and the health professionals that deal with men in general and in particular with those undergone on the penectomy
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Malley, David D. "Man with box /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2006. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3248236.

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Dalaryd, Magnus, and Daniel Mayer. "A Brazilian - Swedish Relationship : How to Establish a Successful International Joint Venture." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-19025.

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Due to the nature of globalization, new strategies have been designed to break into new markets. Joint Venture is a common strategy to enter new markets and by using a Joint Venture, companies share risks and establish new contacts with local knowledge. Brazil is a market where foreign investors gain more and more interest. Brazil's economy is growing fast and made well during the global financial crisis. The middle class in Brazil is constantly growing and for the first time, poverty is not a majority in Brazil.In an International Joint Venture (IJV), it is usually a foreign company establishing a partnership with a local company. Often, IJVs fail because companies have problems collaborating, depending on different variables. In this thesis, we chose to analyze the cultural barriers in a Brazilian-Swedish IJV on the Brazilian market. The purpose of this thesis is to gain an understanding and describe cultural barriers in an IJV partnership, and high-light those to increase the chances for successful IJVs between Brazilian and Swedish companies in the future.This thesis is qualitative, with an abductive approach, in order to gain a deeper and better understanding of experienced barriers. We have chosen to see culture from both a national and an organizational perspective as earlier research has showed that national culture affects the organizational culture within an IJV. Using Hofstede's (1991) four dimensions of national culture as a supplement to Wilson’s (2001) four factors influencing the organizational culture, we have conducted four interviews in two Swedish-Brazilian IJV companies located in São Paulo, Brazil. The companies we have chosen to interview have been small or medium-sized manufacturing. Interviews were conducted face-to-face in a comfortable environment for all respondents. In our analysis, we used matrices to make it easier to see what differences and/or similarities there are between the case-companies.Results of this study, demonstrate that the experiences from the two case-studies are well in line with each other. The organizational structure in Brazil has been perceived as more hierarchical than the Swedish vertical and more open structure. This in turn, has strengthened the differences in communication between managers and employees, which been perceived as more top-down in Brazil than in Sweden. Our conclusion is that cultural barriers have been perceived, in the perception of the leaders’ expected behavior, language barriers, differences in planning and management of uncertain situations, Brazil's more family-oriented society and close relationship between private life and work in the Brazilian market.Several of these barriers have been experienced during the early start-up of an IJV, something we believe increases the importance of being well prepared for cultural barriers that may arise. The importance of an agreement upon the structure and policies at the company at an early stage is crucial, to reduce future possible conflicts. Show mutual respect and understanding for one's partners’ culture and experienced cultural barriers, use these to avoid any negative effects, and instead create a positive impact for the IJV.
Minor Field Study
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Carlson, Eric D. "A man ain't nothin but a man." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4923.

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Thesis (M.F.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 9, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Phillips, Amanda Lynn. "Masculinity in peril mutiny fiction and Victorian man-making /." Thesis, [Tuscaloosa, Ala. : University of Alabama Libraries], 2009. http://purl.lib.ua.edu/10.

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Holberg, Maria. "Man föds inte till man, man blir det : En undersökning av maskuliniteten i James Joyce A Portait of the Artist as a Young Man." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för kultur och estetik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-137941.

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The purpose of this essayis to find out how masculinity, based in Raewyn Connells theoriesabout hegemonic,subordinated, complicitand marginalized masculinities,is constructed in James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Stephen Dedalus, Joyce’s alter ego, is the main object for the analysis.It becomesclear that there aretwomaintypes of hegemonic masculinity, one very strict and disciplined among the priests in the Jesuitschools Stephen attends to, and one of a more intellectualkind at the University.The strong influence from the Catholic church in Ireland is however noticeable in every context Stephen presentshimself. Also, there areseveral examples of subordination, complicity and marginalization among the men in the novel.
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Månevik, Anna. "What Makes a Man? : Hegemonic Masculinity in Arms and the Man by G.B. Shaw." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Estetisk-filosofiska fakulteten, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-9315.

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The focus of this essay is the interaction between the male characters in the play Arms and the Man by George Bernard Shaw and how those characters position themselves according to R.W. Connell’s theories on hegemonic masculinity. Connell’s theories can be productively applied to Shaw’s play, highlighting many similarities and exposing interesting patterns. The most striking example of this is the fact that Captain Bluntschli, the character that finally reaches the top of the hierarchical ladder of hegemonic masculinity, does that by repudiating conventional masculine ideals where patriotism, soldiering and violence are core ingredients. Bluntschli’s ascendance within the hierarchy is built upon consent from the other male characters in the play, which is in line with what Connell argues about complicity being one of the most important factors of hegemonic masculinity. The other male characters jointly give way to Bluntschli, thus accepting his general critique of what they used to consider self-evident masculine values and ideals that they have felt compelled to live up to. For Major Sergius Saranoff the new way to look upon masculinity implies great relief. He can finally give in to his true self and let down his guard against the people around him, and he also dares follow his heart and marry below his class.    My conclusion is that Shaw, apart from satirizing love, war and heroism, wanted Arms and the Man to convey a message that there are alternative ways for men to gain respect and be considered highly masculine than through violence, economic power and oppression. If Shaw had been presented with Connell’s theories on hegemonic masculinity he would probably have felt even more inspired in his mission to argue against destructive masculine ideals as expressed in patriotism and war.
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Carlson, Melanie. "MAN UP OR PUNK OUT: THE ROLE OF MASCULINITY IN PRISON RAPE." Doctoral diss., Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002824.

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Books on the topic "Masculinity (Mas)"

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Ian, Brown. Man overboard: True adventures with North American men. Toronto: Macfarlane Walter & Ross, 1993.

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The darker side of black mas(k)ulinities: The representation of the black male in film. Bridgetown, Barbados: Centre for Gender and Development Studies, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, 2004.

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Milton, Ralph. Man to man: Recovering the best of the male tradition : a resource. Winfield, B.C: Wood Lake Books, 1993.

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Men, media and masculinity. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt, 1995.

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Newell, Waller Randy. The code of man. New York: ReganBooks, 2003.

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Man made: My stupid quest for masculinity. New York: Grand Central Pub., 2012.

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1983-, Baker Geoff, ed. Man enough? Avon, Mass: Adams Media, 2012.

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The code of man: Love, courage, pride, family, country. New York: ReganBooks, 2003.

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Roper, Michael. Masculinity and the British organization man since 1945. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.

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The astronaut: Cultural mythology and idealised masculinity. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Masculinity (Mas)"

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Blum, Dinur, Christian G. Jaworski, and Adam G. Sanford. "Toxic Masculinity and Mass Shootings." In Critical Mass, 68–78. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003033134-5.

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Peberdy, Donna. "Introduction: Being a Man." In Masculinity and Film Performance, 1–15. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230308701_1.

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Lomas, Tim. "Becoming a Man." In Masculinity, Meditation and Mental Health, 39–63. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137345288_3.

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Honeywill, Ross. "The Politics of Exclusion: Enlightenment Masculinity." In The Man Problem, 3–16. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137551696_1.

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Walker, Alicia M. "“If I Was a Good Enough Man, She’d Be Jumping on Top of Me, Right?”: Marital Beds Breed Self-Doubt." In Chasing Masculinity, 93–116. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49818-4_5.

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Haigh, Thomas. "Masculinity and the Machine Man." In Gender Codes, 51–71. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470619926.ch3.

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Conroy, Meredith. "Introduction: Man Enough?" In Masculinity, Media, and the American Presidency, 1–21. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-45645-8_1.

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O’Brien, Daniel. "Saving the World for White Folks? Will Smith Racialises Science Fiction as Black Man and Man in Black." In Black Masculinity on Film, 177–96. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59323-8_9.

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Honeywill, Ross. "Oedipal Schism: The Origin of Destructive Masculinity." In The Man Problem, 87–95. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137551696_10.

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Jordan, Jennifer. "‘To Make a Man Without Reason’: Examining Manhood and Manliness in Early Modern England." In What is Masculinity?, 245–62. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230307254_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Masculinity (Mas)"

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Agharid, Sarah, and Muhammad Fuad. "An African American Man in Police Procedural Drama: Black Masculinity Representation on Criminal Minds." In Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Strategic and Global Studies, ICSGS 2019, 6-7 November 2019, Sari Pacific, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.6-11-2019.2297273.

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Popova, Gergana. "Aspects of the ideal of socialist masculinity and its disintegration – From the “iron men” to the man-centaur." In 5th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.05.15179p.

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Reports on the topic "Masculinity (Mas)"

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Levtov, Ruti, and Laurence Telson. Man-Box: Men and Masculinity in Jamaica. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003075.

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Gray, Mary. "Man Up": A Longitudinal Evaluation of Adherence to Traditional Masculinity Among Racially/Ethnically Diverse Adolescent Inmates. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.106.

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