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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Rood, Stewart B., John M. Mahoney, David E. Reid, and Leslie Zilm. "Instream flows and the decline of riparian cottonwoods along the St. Mary River, Alberta." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 1250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-136.

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Completed in 1951, the St. Mary Dam enables water storage and diversion for irrigation; river flows downstream are consequently dramatically reduced during summer months. To assess historical changes in the abundance of riparian cottonwoods (Populus balsamifera, Populus angustifolia, and a few Populus deltoides), airphoto analyses were conducted for 40-km river reaches upstream and downstream from the dam and along adjacent dammed and undammed rivers. Cottonwoods along the lower St. Mary River are confined by steep-walled canyons to narrow bands and consequently analyses of the lineal river distance associated with cottonwoods were conducted. These revealed a 68% decline from 1951 to 1985. The decline was progressive, with 28.9, 27.6, 15.1, and 7.6% of the reach associated with cottonwoods in 1951, 1961, 1981, and 1985, respectively. Ground surveys from 1985 to 1994 indicated further decline after 1985 and an absence of cottonwood seedlings and saplings. Cottonwood stands upstream from the St. Mary Dam and along adjacent rivers are more extensive and analyses of the areal extent of stands were consequently appropriate. These indicated minor change along the upper St. Mary (−0.5%), the upper (+1.9%) and lower Waterton (+3.5%), and the upper Belly (−9.1%) rivers, and an increase in forest abundance along the lower Belly River (+52.2%), between 1951 and 1985. Thus, the decline of cottonwoods along the lower St. Mary River was not symptomatic of a general pattern of decline in the region. Analyses of historical stream flows indicated that the cottonwood mortality was drought induced as a result of insufficient flows during the hot, dry summer periods and abrupt flow reductions following the high-flow period in the late spring. The riparian water table was determined to be closely coordinated with river stage, as changes in river elevation were followed by quantitatively similar changes in water table depth. Along the St. Mary River, reduced sedimentation downstream from the dam was not considered to be responsible for the cottonwood decline. The historically sparse cottonwood abundance along the lower St. Mary River may have reflected environmental conditions that were naturally only marginally suitable, and those groves may have been particularly vulnerable to the impacts of river flow regulation. Key words: Populus, cottonwoods, instream flows, mortality, riparian vegetation.

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2

Saintilan, Neil. "Mangrove environments of the Mary River." Wetlands Australia 15, no. 1 (January 23, 2010): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31646/wa.193.

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3

O'Dea, Michael. "The River Took Me, and: Mary Byrne." Prairie Schooner 85, no. 4 (2011): 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.2011.0127.

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4

Rood, Stewart B., and Sig Heinze-Milne. "Abrupt downstream forest decline following river damming in southern Alberta." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 1744–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-221.

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The influence of river damming on the abundance of riparian poplar forests was investigated by comparing forest abundances on the dammed St. Mary and Waterton rivers of southern Alberta with the neighbouring undammed Belly River. Forest distributions were determined by estimating the linear river distance of forests from airphotos taken in 1961 and 1981, both upstream and downstream from the dams. During the 20-year interval, a 48% reduction occurred downstream from the St. Mary Dam, which was completed in 1951. Downstream from the Waterton Dam, completed in 1964, riparian forests declined 23 %. Poplar abundance along the downstream region of the undammed Belly River was relatively unchanged over the study period, showing less than a 1 % reduction. The upstream (undammed) portions of all three rivers underwent a slight forest decline during the 20-year interval; declines of 4.7, 4.6, and 6.1 % occurred along the St. Mary, Belly, and Waterton rivers, respectively. Thus, the damming of two rivers in southern Alberta has been followed by a rapid and dramatic downstream decline in riparian forests. Further, the close association between the location and extent of the forest decline supports a causal relationship between the river damming and the forest decline. Possible causes of the decline are discussed, including drought-induced mortality, particularly of seedlings.

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5

Moore, B. R., D. J. Welch, and C. A. Simpfendorfer. "Spatial patterns in the demography of a large estuarine teleost: king threadfin, Polydactylus macrochir." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 8 (2011): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11034.

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Understanding spatial patterns in demographic parameters of exploited fish species is of critical importance to effective fisheries management. In the present study, patterns in demography of a large, protandrous, estuarine teleost, king threadfin, Polydactylus macrochir, were compared among three estuaries on the eastern coast of Queensland, Australia. Significant variation in age and growth was observed between fish from the Fitzroy River and those from the Mary and Brisbane Rivers, with Fitzroy River fish living longer (22 years v. 10 and 14 years, respectively), reaching a greater asymptotic length (1222-mm fork length (FL) v. 975- and 1047-mm FL, respectively), and attaining greater length-at-ages of 6 years and beyond. No difference in growth was detected between Mary and Brisbane River fish, or in total mortality among any of the sites. Fitzroy River fish were generally found to mature and change sex at greater lengths and ages than those from the Mary and Brisbane Rivers. The observed variability suggests that spatially segregated populations of P. macrochir may respond differently to fishing pressure and highlights the importance of understanding the spatial patterns in demography of exploited estuarine fish populations.

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6

MacDonald, Ryan J., James M. Byrne, Stefan W. Kienzle, and Robert P. Larson. "Assessing the Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Mountain Snowpack in the St. Mary River Watershed, Montana." Journal of Hydrometeorology 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 262–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jhm1294.1.

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Abstract The St. Mary River watershed is an important international watershed that supplies irrigation water to large portions of southern Alberta, Canada, and northern Montana. The St. Mary River is fully allocated and users on both sides of the border are concerned regarding declining water supplies and increasing water demands under climate warming. Water supply in the St. Mary River is largely from snowpack in the mountainous portion of the watershed. This work assesses potential future changes in snowpack for the St. Mary River watershed under a range of general circulation model (GCM) derived future climate scenarios. The Generate Earth Systems Science (GENESYS) input spatial hydrometeorological model is used to simulate potential changes in spring snowpack, the onset of melt, and changes in snow extent for three 30-yr periods centered around 2025, 2055, and 2085. Results suggest an earlier spring and associated earlier onset of snowmelt and probable declines in maximum annual snow water equivalent (SWE) over the St. Mary River watershed are likely under most future climate scenarios used in this study. However, results are responsive to future climate scenarios, where a scenario with substantial global greenhouse gas (GHG) emission controls shows a much lower decline in total accumulated SWE over the St. Mary River watershed. Without substantial GHG emission reductions, the study does show that there could be significant changes in snowpack over the St. Mary River watershed in the future.

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7

Espinoza, T., CL Burke, L. Carpenter-Bundhoo, S. Marshall, D. Roberts, and MJ Kennard. "Fine-scale acoustic telemetry in a riverine environment: movement and habitat use of the endangered Mary River cod Maccullochella mariensis." Endangered Species Research 42 (July 23, 2020): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr01046.

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Understanding movement and habitat requirements of endangered species is critical to conservation management. We evaluate fine-scale acoustic telemetry to study breeding-related movement and habitat use of the endangered Mary River cod Maccullochella mariensis in a riverine environment and, in relation to key environmental variables, to inform management. Movement activity varied significantly in relation to water temperature and diel period, and spatial occupancy and habitat selection varied substantially in relation to the nesting behaviour of Mary River cod. Important nesting habitat included a large hollow log mid-channel and well-shaded logs and log jams adjacent to the river bank. Extrapolating this information to the general population was inhibited by relatively small sample sizes, due in part to the restricted spatial scale of the hydrophone arrays and longitudinal movements of tagged fish beyond the acoustic range of our array. Notwithstanding this, our results demonstrate that (1) fine-scale acoustic telemetry can quantify complex biological behaviours in riverine environments; (2) Mary River cod require specific environmental stimuli and habitat to support the reproductive cycle; and (3) changing environmental conditions may influence Mary River cod behaviour, and understanding this response is necessary for sustainable management. Findings from this study can inform future applications of this methodology in riverine environments and contribute to the development of management strategies and habitat restoration activities supporting the recovery of Mary River cod populations.

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8

Voris, Jared T., Darla K. Zelenitsky, François Therrien, and Kohei Tanaka. "Dinosaur eggshells from the lower Maastrichtian St. Mary River Formation of southern Alberta, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, no. 3 (March 2018): 272–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0195.

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North America is known for its rich uppermost Cretaceous record of dinosaur egg remains, although a notable fossil gap exists during the lower Maastrichtian. Here we describe a diverse dinosaur eggshell assemblage from the St. Mary River Formation of southern Alberta that, in conjunction with recently described eggs from the same formation in Montana, helps fill this gap and sheds light on the dinosaur diversity in this poorly fossiliferous formation. Three theropod eggshell types (Continuoolithus cf. C. canadensis, Montanoolithus cf. M. strongorum, and Prismatoolithus cf. P. levis) and one ornithopod (Spheroolithus cf. S. albertensis), are reported from Albertan exposures of the St. Mary River Formation, increasing the ootaxonomic diversity of the formation from two to five ootaxa. The taxonomic composition of the eggshell assemblage is consistent with the dinosaurian fauna known from the St. Mary River Formation based on skeletal remains. Spheroolithus eggshells constitute the majority of identifiable eggshells in our assemblage, a trend also observed in several other Upper Cretaceous formations from North America. Continuoolithus is shown to be synonymous with Spongioolithus, thus expanding the Maastrichtian geographic range of the ootaxon to include Utah. The St. Mary River eggshell assemblage supports a general trend of increase in eggshell thickness among theropod ootaxa from the uppermost Santonian through the Maastrichtian, which is inferred to reflect an increase in body size among some clades of small theropods through the Upper Cretaceous. Eggshell preservation in the St. Mary River Formation may be related to the semiarid climatic and environmental conditions that prevailed.

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9

Hunter, John P., Ronald E. Heinrich, and David B. Weishampel. "Mammals from the St. Mary River Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Montana." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30, no. 3 (May 18, 2010): 885–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724631003763490.

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10

Knighton, A. David, Colin D. Woodroffe, and Kevin Mills. "The evolution of tidal creek networks, mary river, northern Australia." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 17, no. 2 (March 1992): 167–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290170205.

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11

Reasoner, Mel A., and Raymond E. Healy. "Identification and significance of tephras encountered in a core from Mary Lake, Yoho National Park, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 1991–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e86-184.

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Mary Lake is a small, subalpine lake located proximal (<3 km) to the Continental Divide near Lake O'Hara in Yoho National Park, British Columbia. A 1.25 m core recovered from surficial bottom sediments was found to contain both Bridge River tephra (2350 years BP) and Mazama tephra (6800 years BP). Identification of the tephras was initially based on distinctive colour, texture, phenocryst assemblages, and glass shard habits and was confirmed by electron microprobe analysis of the constituent glass shards. The microprobe technique employed backscattered and secondary electron imagery and both energy dispersive and wavelength dispersive analyses.Mean annual sedimentation rates calculated from tephra depths in the Mary Lake core were found to be of the order of 0.15 mm/year for the post-Bridge River time period and 0.02 mm/year for the Mazama – Bridge River interval. The preservation of Mazama tephra in Mary Lake lacustrine sediments indicates that deglaciation had proceeded upvalley from the Mary Lake basin prior to 6800 years BP, and consequently, moraine systems exposed downvalley are pre-Mazama in age.

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12

Strom, Mary Ellen, and Shane Doyle. "Cherry River." Nka Journal of Contemporary African Art 2021, no. 48 (May 1, 2021): 112–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10757163-8971342.

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The multimedia exhibition Cherry River, Where the Rivers Mix was presented to audiences in August 2018 at the Missouri Headwaters State Park in Three Forks, Montana. Long before the European invasion across the Atlantic, the headwaters, or the confluence of three forks of the Missouri River, was a crossroads for Northern Plains Indians. The place-based project, Cherry River, created by artist Mary Ellen Strom and Native American researcher Shane Doyle, was produced by Mountain Time Arts, a collaborative arts and culture organization in southwestern Montana. In an effort to analyze the site, Mountain Time Arts convened a diverse group of participants. Their research question became, What does it take to change the name of a river? After six months of research, the project centered on the act of changing the name of the East Gallatin River back to the Indigenous Crow name Cherry River. The name Cherry River honors and describes the numerous chokecherry trees growing on the river’s banks that provide sustenance for wildlife and venerates Indigenous history, the ecology of running water, and riparian systems in the Northwest. The rise of interest in the rights of Indigenous people in North America aligns with many of Okwui Enwezor’s groundbreaking initiatives around the world. This assemblage of images, poetry, and first-person narratives is an example of the kind of practice in dialogue with the legacy of Enwezor’s decolonial actions and innovative use of curatorial strategies in several groundbreaking exhibitions to confront the “complex predicaments of contemporary art in a time of profound historical change and global transformation.” While Enwezor was neither an explicit source of inspiration nor invoked for the Cherry River project, the futures of Enwezor are palpable in this anticolonial project restoring the past to reimagine the present.

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13

Ulrich, Roberta. "Coming to Stay: A Columbia River Journey by Mary Dodds Schlick." Oregon Historical Quarterly 108, no. 2 (2007): 319–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ohq.2007.0071.

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14

Mulrennan, M. E., and C. D. Woodroffe. "Holocene development of the lower Mary River plains, Northern Territory, Australia." Holocene 8, no. 5 (July 1998): 565–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/095968398676885724.

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15

Peden, Alex E., Grant W. Hughes, and W. E. Roberts. "Morphologically distinct populations of the shorthead sculpin, Cottus confusus, and mottled sculpin, Cottus bairdi (Pisces, Cottidae), near the western border of Canada and the United States." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 11 (November 1, 1989): 2711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-384.

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Previously known within Canada from the Flathead River, nominal Cottus confusus also occur in the Kettle, Columbia, and Slocan rivers of British Columbia. The latter populations are similar to those from Washington, and possess a post-maxillary pore, lower numbers of pectoral rays, prickles behind the pectoral fin, and a smooth head. They are sympatric with nominal Cottus bairdi, with some individuals morphologically intermediate between the two species. Flathead River samples of nominal C. confusus differ from Columbia River populations in absence of the pore and prickles, higher fin ray counts, and larger head papillae. Specimens of nominal C. bairdi previously reported from the St. Mary River (Saskatchewan and Nelson drainages) and Milk River (Missouri River drainage) of Alberta are similar to Flathead River C. confusus, with others intermediate between Flathead River C. confusus and Columbia River populations of C. bairdi and C. confusus. Differences between Flathead River and Columbia River samples suggest that these populations require separate status in Canada. Similkameen River samples of C. bairdi are morphologically variable, individuals from upstream populations having some characters similar to those of C. confusus. A thorough study of C. bairdi and C. confusus in the United States is needed to redefine species limits.

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16

Connell, Marilyn J., Andrew McDougall, and Hamish A. Campbell. "Identifying Assemblages of River Turtles Using a Passive and Systematic Capture Technique in the Mary River, Queensland, Australia." Chelonian Conservation and Biology 17, no. 2 (December 18, 2018): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.2744/ccb-1272.1.

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17

Kennard, Mark J., Julian D. Olden, Angela H. Arthington, Bradley J. Pusey, and N. LeRoy Poff. "Multiscale effects of flow regime and habitat and their interaction on fish assemblage structure in eastern Australia." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 1346–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f07-108.

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We examine the multiscale influence of environmental and hydrological features of the riverine landscape on spatial and temporal variation in fish assemblages in eastern Australia. Multiresponse artificial neural network models provided accurate predictions of fish assemblages in the Mary River based on species presence–absence data (mean Bray–Curtis similarity between predicted and observed composition = 84%) but were less accurate when based on species relative abundance or biomass (mean similarity = 62% and 59%, respectively). Landscape- and local-scale habitat variables (e.g., catchment area and riparian canopy cover) and characteristics of the long-term flow regime (e.g., variability and predictability of flows) were more important predictors of fish assemblages than variables describing the short-term history of hydrological events. The relative importance of these variables was broadly similar for predicting species occurrence, relative abundance, or biomass. The transferability of the Mary River predictive models to the nearby Albert River was high for species presence–absence (i.e., closer match between predicted and observed data) compared with species abundances or biomass. This suggests that the same landscape-scale features are important determinants of distribution of individual species in both rivers but that interactions between landscape, hydrology, and local habitat features that collectively determine abundance and biomass may differ.

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18

Leontyeva, Irina Aleksandrovna. "The study of the summer avifauna of Mary, Republic of Turkmenistan." Samara Journal of Science 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv2021102108.

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The Republic of Turkmenistan is located in the western part of Central Asia and is characterized by a variety of natural conditions. The property of any republic is the preservation of biological diversity of flora and fauna as the main condition for the sustainability of natural ecosystems. However, in recent years, anthropogenic human activity has led to a decrease in this indicator due to the elimination of species. The fauna of Turkmenistan is quite diverse and birds are of particular importance, according to many scientists. The paper analyzes the species diversity of birds in the urbanized landscapes of the Republic of Turkmenistan using the example of the city of Mary, located in the southeastern part of the Turan lowland, in the delta of the Murgab River. During the summer period of 2020, 30 bird species were registered, belonging to 13 orders in 19 families. For the study, a route method was chosen, during which four areas were identified, in which the studies were carried out in sufficient detail: the Bagtyyaarlyk Seilgakhi park, the Murgab river embankment, residential areas of the city (residential area) and the historical settlement Ancient Merv. The ecological and biological characteristics of birds in the study area were studied: according to the feeding habits, according to the degree of attachment to the territory.

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19

Strayer, David. "The Hudson River Ecosystem. Karin E. Limburg , Mary Ann Moran , William H. McDowell." Journal of the North American Benthological Society 7, no. 1 (March 1988): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1467833.

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20

Malone, Thomas C. "The Hudson River Ecosystem. Karin E. Limburg , Mary Ann Moran , William H. McDowell." Quarterly Review of Biology 61, no. 4 (December 1986): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/415215.

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21

Schmidt, Daniel J., Brittany Brockett, Thomas Espinoza, Marilyn Connell, and Jane M. Hughes. "Complete mitochondrial genome of the endangered Mary River turtle (Elusor macrurus) and low mtDNA variation across the species' range." Australian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 2 (2016): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo16013.

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Elusor macrurus is an endangered short-necked turtle restricted to the Mary River catchment in south-eastern Queensland. Shotgun sequencing of genomic DNA was used to generate a complete mitochondrial genome sequence for E. macrurus using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The mitogenome is 16 499 base pairs (bp) long with 37 genes arranged in the typical vertebrate order and a relatively short 918-bp control region, which does not feature extensive tandem repeats as observed in some turtles. Primers were designed to amplify a 1270-bp region that includes 81% of the typically hypervariable control region. Two haplotypes were detected in a sample of 22 wild-caught individuals from eight sites across its natural range. The Mary River turtle is a species with low mtDNA nucleotide variability relative to other Chelidae. The combination of a very restricted distribution and dramatic reduction in population size due to exploitation for the pet trade are the conditions likely to have led to very low mtDNA variability in this endangered species.

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22

Whitehead, P. J., B. A. Wilson, and D. M. J. S. Bowman. "Conservation of coastal wetlands of the Northern territory of Australia: The Mary River floodplain." Biological Conservation 52, no. 2 (1990): 85–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(90)90119-a.

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23

Schmidt, Daniel J., Thomas Espinoza, Marilyn Connell, and Jane M. Hughes. "Conservation genetics of the Mary River turtle (Elusor macrurus ) in natural and captive populations." Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 28, no. 1 (November 21, 2017): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2851.

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24

Mulrennan, M. E., and C. D. Woodroffe. "Saltwater intrusion into the coastal plains of the Lower Mary River, Northern Territory, Australia." Journal of Environmental Management 54, no. 3 (November 1998): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.1998.0229.

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25

Clark, N. J., M. A. Gordos, and C. E. Franklin. "Implications of river damming: the influence of aquatic hypoxia on the diving physiology and behaviour of the endangered Mary River turtle." Animal Conservation 12, no. 2 (April 2009): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00234.x.

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26

Salini, J., and JB Shaklee. "Genetic structure of barramundi (Lates calcarifer) stocks from northern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 39, no. 3 (1988): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9880317.

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Barramundi, L. calcarifer, were collected from seven localities in the Northern Territory, the Daly, Finniss, Mary, Glyde, Roper and McArthur rivers and Blue Mud Bay, and from the Ord River in Western Australia. Barramundi were sampled seven times from the Daly and Finniss rivers over a 14-month period. In total, 46 loci were identified using starch-gel electrophoresis of enzymes and polyacrylamide electrophoresis of muscle proteins. Twelve loci were polymorphic at the P0.99 level. Most loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A contingency Χ2 analysis for homogeneity of alleles over all loci and all localities was highly significant (P < 0.001). Comparisons of data from adjacent pairs of localities revealed that the overall heterogeneity was attributable to heterogeneity among seven of the eight localities; the Daly and Finniss river areas were not significantly different from one another. No evidence of heterogeneity over time was found among the collections from the Daly River area. The considerable amount of heterogeneity observed suggests that each of these seven localities supports a genetically discrete stock of barramundi; this conclusion is consistent with the documented life history of Australian barramundi. The genetic heterogeneity of the stocks should be considered when management policies for L. calcarifer are being formulated.

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27

Schmidt, D. J., T. Espinoza, K. Real, A. Dunlop, M. Kennard, and J. M. Hughes. "Improved genetic markers for monitoring recruitment dynamics in the endangered Mary River cod (Maccullochella mariensis)." Journal of Applied Ichthyology 34, no. 3 (February 15, 2018): 633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jai.13633.

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28

Townsend, Simon Anthony. "Hydraulic Phases, Persistent Stratification, and Phytoplankton in a Tropical Floodplain Lake (Mary River, Northern Australia)." Hydrobiologia 556, no. 1 (February 2006): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-0885-y.

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29

Espinoza, T., M. Connell, S. Marshall, R. Beukeboom, and A. McDougall. "Nesting behaviour of the endangered Mary River turtle: monitoring and modelling to inform e-flow strategies." Australian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 1 (2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo17044.

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The Mary River turtle (Elusor macrurus) is an endemic, monotypic species with multiple impacts across its life-history, including overharvesting of eggs, nest predation and habitat degradation. Long-term recruitment failure has led to protection measures established under state, federal and international authority. Previous research has demonstrated that E. macrurus lives instream but nests on river banks, requiring specific habitat for breeding, nesting and recruitment. Ecohydrological rules represent the critical water requirements contributing to a species’ life history and can be used to develop and assess environmental flow strategies for species affected by water resource development. This study investigated the nesting behaviour of E. macrurus, including the environmental drivers that affect nest inundation. Monitoring showed that nesting by E. macrurus peaked in October and November, driven by rainfall events (>10 mm), with potential impacts from flow events (20% of nests established <2.5 m above water level at time of nesting). These ecohydrological rules were modelled against 109 years of simulated natural flow and rainfall data. The ‘potential nesting and nest inundation’ (PNNI) indicator revealed that nesting for E. macrurus was assured in a majority of years under the natural flow scenario. The results of this study will inform the development and assessment of e-flow strategies for nesting by E. macrurus in terms of current, and future water resource development, along with climate change impacts.

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30

Moskowitz, David. "The History of the Ferryboat Mary Murray: The Staten Island Ferry That Became a NJ Turnpike Landmark." New Jersey Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 6, no. 2 (July 9, 2020): 23–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/njs.v6i2.212.

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The Mary Murray ferry was launched in 1937 on Staten Island, NY and would end her storied career seventy-three years later beached and rotting away in East Brunswick, NJ. For thirty-seven years, she plied the waters between Manhattan and Staten Island, NY as part of the Staten Island Ferry system. She was funded by the New Deal during the Depression and was the first New York City ferry named after a woman. Her namesake was Mary Murray, a patriot-heroine during the Revolutionary War. The Mary Murray was purchased at an auction in 1976 by George Searle, a Merchant Mariner with his own storied past who towed the ferry up the Raritan River to NJ with plans to convert it into a floating restaurant. It would remain there for the next thirty-four years until ultimately being scrapped, visible from the NJ Turnpike just north of Exit 9. Despite never achieving a second useful life, the Mary Murray would become a NJ cultural landmark and arguably NJ’s most famous ferry.

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31

Mandal, Arpita, and Anuradha Maharaj. "Flooding in Jamaica with assessment of riverine inundation of Port Maria, St Mary." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 184, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2013): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.184.1-2.165.

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Abstract Flash flooding, from extreme rainfall is one of the major natural disasters affecting Jamaica and other small island states of the Caribbean. Flooding in Jamaica is mainly riverine, coastal and depression with the major coastal towns being affected owing to their location on low lying areas. Such localization is driven by increase in urbanization and tourism along the coastal areas. The present work aims in a broad discussion of the flooding in Jamaica with special reference to riverine flooding of Port Maria, the capital of St Mary, one of the parishes lying in the high rain zone of the island and being affected by repeated events of flooding. Analysis of the extreme rainfall event of November 23rd–24th, 2006 shows that it exceeded the 30 yr annual rainfall of the area and the 100 yr return period as calculated from 30 yr annual rainfall data for the island. The Port Maria river lacks a gauging station to monitor flow data and flood discharge peaks. Several methods are used to calculate the run-off in such small ungauged catchments. In this study the Soil Conservation Systems Curve Number (CN) method was used to calculate the run-off from the measured rainfall data using empirical equations. Results show an unprecedented high of 13–14 inches affecting the buildings and other infrastructures, leading to the collapse of a newly constructed bridge over the river Port Maria. The town continues to get flooded from intense short duration rainfall continuing to affect life and property. Flood plain maps exist for the larger watersheds of the island but smaller yet flood prone ones have not been mapped so far. Hence this becomes very important to create a floodplain map showing the extent of the runoff from rainfall with respect to the buildings and other infrastructures of the area. The present work thus aims in creating a spatial distribution map of the runoff from the rainfall measurements aiding in developing a no build zone for this and for other low lying coastal areas of the island.

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MacDonald, Ryan J., James M. Byrne, and Stefan W. Kienzle. "A Physically Based Daily Hydrometeorological Model for Complex Mountain Terrain." Journal of Hydrometeorology 10, no. 6 (December 1, 2009): 1430–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jhm1093.1.

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Abstract This paper describes the continued development of the physically based hydrometeorological model Generate Earth Systems Science input (GENESYS) and its application in simulating snowpack in the St. Mary (STM) River watershed, Montana. GENESYS is designed to operate a high spatial and temporal resolution over complex mountainous terrain. The intent of this paper is to assess the performance of the model in simulating daily snowpack and the spatial extent of snow cover over the St. Mary River watershed. A new precipitation estimation method that uses snowpack telemetry (SNOTEL) and snow survey data is presented and compared with two other methods, including Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) precipitation data. A method for determining daily temperature lapse rates from NCEP reanalysis data is also presented and the effect of temperature lapse rate on snowpack simulations is determined. Simulated daily snowpack values compare well with observed values at the Many Glacier SNOTEL site, with varying degrees of accuracy, dependent on the method used to estimate precipitation. The spatial snow cover extent compares well with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow cover products for three dates selected to represent snow accumulation and ablation periods.

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Six, Veronika. "Water — The Nile — And the Täʾamrä Maryam. Miracles of the Virgin Mary in the Ethiopian Version." Aethiopica 2 (August 6, 2013): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.2.1.533.

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Starting with the biblical Gǝyon (= the Gǝʿǝz name for the Nile) the river Nile plays an important role in Ethiopian perception.The corpus of the miracles of Mary [Täʾamrä Maryam] particularly during the reign of emperor Zärʾa Yaʿǝqob (1434-68 A.D.) was enlarged with stories reflecting a local background and Ethiopian history. And suddenly in the 19th century the ‘idea of diverting the Nile’ which since early times was a challenging topic in the relationship between Egypt and Ethiopia, again turned up in a miracle of the Virgin Mary, referring to the time of the Crusaders and the resulting diplomatic activities. This article wants to evaluate how far the Ethiopians regard themselves as masters of the Nile waters and to what extent they derive their legitimacy from divine sources.

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Crook, D. A., D. J. Buckle, Q. Allsop, W. Baldwin, T. M. Saunders, P. M. Kyne, J. D. Woodhead, Roland Maas, Brien Roberts, and M. M. Douglas. "Use of otolith chemistry and acoustic telemetry to elucidate migratory contingents in barramundi Lates calcarifer." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 8 (2017): 1554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16177.

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Migration is a fundamental aspect of the life history of many fish and must be well understood for targeted conservation and management. We used acoustic telemetry and otolith 87Sr/86Sr analysis, in conjunction with annual ageing, to study intraspecific variation in barramundi Lates calcarifer migration in the Northern Territory, Australia. Acoustic transmitters were implanted into 25 barramundi (420–1010-mm total length (TL); median 510mm TL) from freshwater reaches of the South Alligator River and their movements tracked over >2 years. 87Sr/86Sr transect analysis was also conducted on otoliths of 67 barramundi from the Daly, Mary, South Alligator and Roper rivers. Acoustic telemetry showed that most fish remained in fresh water across wet and dry seasons. Higher rates of movement occurred during the wet season and a minority of fish moved into the estuary during high flows. Otolith chemistry analyses revealed high diversity in salinity histories among individuals. We integrated the telemetry and otolith chemistry data to examine migration as a function of the stage of sexual development, and have proposed a revised life history model that identifies three migratory contingents. We conclude that anthropogenic disturbance, including modified river hydrology, has the potential to alter the frequency of life history contingents in barramundi populations.

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Mogen, Jim T., and Lynn R. Kaeding. "Identification and Characterization of Migratory and Nonmigratory Bull Trout Populations in the St. Mary River Drainage, Montana." Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 134, no. 4 (July 2005): 841–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/t04-143.1.

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36

Stockey, Ruth A., and Gar W. Rothwell. "The Aquatic Angiosperm Trapago angulata from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) St. Mary River Formation of Southern Alberta." International Journal of Plant Sciences 158, no. 1 (January 1997): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/297417.

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Clark, Natalie J., Matthew A. Gordos, and Craig E. Franklin. "Thermal Plasticity of Diving Behavior, Aquatic Respiration, and Locomotor Performance in the Mary River Turtle Elusor macrurus." Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 81, no. 3 (May 2008): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/528779.

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Odey, Augustine Onah, and Gregory Ajima Onah. "Mary Mitchell Slessor (1848 – 1915) and Her Impact on the Missionary Enterprise in the Cross River Region." International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 10, no. 7 (July 25, 2019): 682–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2019.07.06.

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Jackson, Frankie D., and David J. Varricchio. "Paleoecological implications of two closely associated egg types from the Upper Cretaceous St. Mary River Formation, Montana." Cretaceous Research 79 (November 2017): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.08.003.

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40

Larson, Kyle P., Raymond A. Price, and Douglas A. Archibald. "Tectonic implications of 40Ar/39Ar muscovite dates from the Mt. Haley stock and Lussier River stock, near Fort Steele, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 43, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 1673–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e06-048.

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The Mt. Haley and Lussier River stocks are located northeast of Cranbrook, B.C. near the south end of the Western Main Ranges of the Southern Canadian Rocky Mountains. Both are multiphase, potassium-feldspar porphyritic monzonite plutons that intrude lower Paleozoic miogeoclinal strata. They crosscut and thermally overprint the Lussier River fault and the thrust and fold structures in the east flank of the Purcell anticlinorium and the west limb of the Porcupine Creek anticlinorial fan structure. Muscovite from the Mt. Haley stock yielded a 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of 108.2 ± 0.7 Ma (2σ), and a single-crystal, step-heating analysis of muscovite from a skarn in the metamorphic aureole adjacent to the Lussier River stock gave a plateau date of 108.7 ± 0.6 Ma (2σ). These dates constrain the timing of thrusting and folding in this portion of the western Rocky Mountains and of the displacement along the Lussier River – St. Mary fault to pre-middle Albian.

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Peracullo, Jeane. "The Vulnerable Therapeutic Water Spaces of Virgen de Caysasay." Etnološka tribina 51, no. 44 (December 20, 2021): 92–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.15378/1848-9540.2021.44.05.

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The Virgen de Caysasay is one of the oldest manifestations of the Virgin Mary in the Philippines. According to popular belief, a fisherman netted her statue in the Pansipit River in 1603. Many miraculous healing events, mostly involving water, have been attributed to her. Despite the devastating effects of the climate crisis, Caysasay water spaces endure as therapeutic, healing, and ritual places. This essay examines the interlocking dynamics and vulnerabilities of bodies of water associated with the Virgen de Caysasay, their contextual sacred spaces where pieties are performed, and their surrounding communities

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42

Fay, Julie. "Hannah and Her Sister: The Facts of Fiction." Prospects 23 (October 1998): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300006244.

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When I was growing up in Southern Connecticut, my mother referred occasionally to an ancestor of ours who had killed some Indians. In 1970, I went away to college and Mom came up to Massachusetts for Parents' Weekend. Just across the river from my campus in Bradford stood a statue in the center of Haverhill's town green. My mother pointed it out to me (my sister had gone to the same school, so Mom knew her way around the area). I'd been passing this tribute to our ancestor – supposedly the first statue of a woman ever erected in this country – every time I went to town to pick up subs or hang out with the townies. Not sure whether to be proud or ashamed, my mother and I stood and looked up at the bronze woman streaked with bird droppings. Her hatchet was raised, her hefty thigh slightly raised beneath her heavy skirts; we imagined we saw a family resemblance – the square jaw and round cheeks that are distinctive in our family. At the base of the statue, bas relief plaques narrated Hannah Emerson Dustin's story: taken by Abenaki Indians from her Haverhill home along with her week-old infant and her midwife, Mary Neff, Dustin watched as her infant was killed by the Indians. She was then marched up along the Merrimack River, through swamps and woods, to a small island where the Merrimack meets the Contoocook River, in present-day New Hampshire. Shortly after her arrival at the island, Dustin – with the aid of Mary Neff and perhaps that of an English boy, Samuel Lenardson, then living with the Indians – hatcheted to death the sleeping people, scalped them, then made her way back down the Merrimack in a canoe. As I looked at the statue, I wondered many things about Dustin.

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Page, Alfred N. "Book Reviews : Guide to Presentations Mary Munter and Lynn Russell. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002.114 pages." Business Communication Quarterly 66, no. 1 (March 2003): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108056990306600118.

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44

Currie, Philip J., Gregory C. Nadon, and Martin G. Lockley. "Dinosaur footprints with skin impressions from the Cretaceous of Alberta and Colorado." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e91-009.

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Cretaceous dinosaur footprints discovered in the J Sandstone of the South Platte Formation (Dakota Group) in Colorado and the St. Mary River Formation of southwestern Alberta exhibit the first reported foot pad skin impressions of large ornithopods. The Canadian tracks occur as sandstone casts preserved in mudstones, whereas the Colorado tracks are natural impressions in a sandstone bed overlain by shale. The South Platte Formation tracks occur as impressions in a widespread "dinoturbated" sandstone bed representing low-gradient, delta plain – coastal plain facies assemblages associated with the upper member of the group, the J Sandstone. Only one of the many iguanodontid trackways exhibits good skin impressions.The St. Mary River Formation palaeoenvironment is interpreted as an anastomosed fluvial system that flowed northeast over a low-gradient floodplain from Montana. Footprints, often preserved in trackways, were left as dinosaurs walked across lake and marsh sediments that were relatively well drained or in various stages of dewatering. The quality of preservation is variable, depending on the properties of the substrate, and only one hadrosaur footprint includes clear casts of skin patches on the bottom of the footprint. Similar track-rich facies assemblages, representing lowland coastal plain and deltaic environments, are found in both the Lower (Gething Formation, British Columbia) and Upper Cretaceous (Mesa Verde, Colorado) successions of western North America. Few substrates of these depositional environments were suitable for the preservation of skeletal remains, so the information derived from tracks is palaeontologically significant.

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Mayne, Benjamin, Thomas Espinoza, David Roberts, Gavin L. Butler, Steven Brooks, Darren Korbie, and Simon Jarman. "Nonlethal age estimation of three threatened fish species using DNA methylation: Australian lungfish, Murray cod and Mary River cod." Molecular Ecology Resources 21, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 2324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13440.

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46

Klotter, James C. "Appalachian Coal Mining Memories: Life in the Coal Fields of Virginia's New River Valley by Mary B. La Lone." Appalachian Heritage 25, no. 4 (1997): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aph.1997.0040.

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47

Whitehead, PJ, and K. Tschirner. "Magpie Goose, Anseranas-Semipalmata, Nesting on the Mary River Floodplain, Northern-Territory, Australia - Extent and Frequency of Flooding Losses." Wildlife Research 17, no. 2 (1990): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9900147.

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48

Eberth, David A. "Origins of dinosaur bonebeds in the Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 52, no. 8 (August 2015): 655–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0200.

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Upper Cretaceous dinosaur bonebeds are common in Alberta, Canada, and have attracted continuous scientific attention since the 1960s. Since its inception, the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology has documented the presence of hundreds of these sites and has been involved directly in the scientific study of many tens. Because many of these bonebeds have been used to address questions about the paleobiology and paleoecology of dinosaurs, questions have arisen about bonebed origins and preservation in the Cretaceous of Alberta. This study of 260 bonebeds delineates broad paleoenvironmental settings and associations, and taphonomic signatures of assemblages as a first step in assessing patterns of dinosaur bonebed origins in the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta. Bonebeds are known predominantly from the Belly River Group and the Horseshoe Canyon, lower St. Mary River, Wapiti, and Scollard formations. In these units, bonebeds are mostly associated with river channel and alluvial wetland settings that were influenced by a subtropical to warm-temperate, monsoonal climate. Most bonebeds formed in response to flooding events capable of killing dinosaurs, reworking and modifying skeletal remains, and burying taphocoenoses. The “coastal-plain-flooding hypothesis,” proposed in 2005, suggested that many bonebeds in the Dinosaur Park Formation formed in response to the effects of recurring coastal-plain floods that submerged vast areas of ancient southern Alberta on a seasonal basis. It remains the best mechanism to explain how many of the bonebeds were formed and preserved at Dinosaur Provincial Park, and here, is proposed as the mechanism that best explains bonebed origins in other Upper Cretaceous formations across central and southern Alberta.

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49

Bethune, K. M., and R. J. Scammell. "Geology, geochronology, and geochemistry of Archean rocks in the Eqe Bay area, north-central Baffin Island, Canada: constraints on the depositional and tectonic history of the Mary River Group of northeastern Rae Province." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 40, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 1137–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e03-028.

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Results of stratigraphic, UPb geochronological, and geochemical study are reported for rocks in a 2800 km2 area along the southeastern margin of the Archean Rae Province on north-central Baffin Island. Archean rocks include a gneiss complex, two greenstone belts of the Mary River Group, and various younger plutonic rocks. The 30002800 Ma gneiss complex contains intrusions of orthogneiss, dated at 27802770 Ma. Intermediate-felsic volcanism in overlying greenstone belts occurred at 27402725 Ma and was accompanied and outlasted by calc-alkaline plutonism (27302715 Ma). Peraluminous plutonism at ca. 2700 Ma, possibly associated with low- to medium-pressure metamorphism, represents the culmination of the Archean tectonic cycle. Dating of metamorphic zircon and titanite in Archean gneissic rocks indicates that overprinting, high-grade metamorphism in the northwest part of the area (footwall of the Isortoq fault zone) is Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1820 Ma). A weaker, somewhat older thermal disturbance (ca. 18501840 Ma with large errors) is recorded in the hanging wall of this zone. Additional tectonothermal events at ca. 15001400 Ma and ca. 700 Ma may, respectively, correlate with Mesoproterozoic faulting and emplacement of the Franklin dyke swarm. Unlike their age-correlative counterparts in the Mary River area and on the mainland to the southwest, the greenstone belts at Eqe Bay lack abundant orthoquartzite and komatiitic volcanic rocks: calc-alkaline volcanic rocks predominate, suggesting a fundamentally different tectonic environment. Striking similarities, both in lithology and age, to greenstone belts of the Minto block of the Superior Province raises the question of RaeSuperior correlation.

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Armstrong, Graeme, and David T. Booth. "Dietary ecology of the Australian freshwater turtle (Elseya sp.: Chelonia:Chelidae) in the Burnett River, Queensland." Wildlife Research 32, no. 4 (2005): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04088.

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The Burnett River snapping turtle (Elseya sp.) from the Burnett, Mary and Fitzroy river systems is an undescribed Australian freshwater turtle, of which very little ecological information is known. This paper describes the dietary ecology of the species in the Burnett River catchment. Stomach and faecal samples were collected from turtles and an index of relative importance was used to rank food items found in stomach samples. This index indicated that algae and aquatic ribbon weed (Vallisneria) were the dominant food items consumed. No difference in diet was found between males and females. Although the sample size was small, diet appeared to vary slightly seasonally, with Elseya sp. selectively feeding on the flower buds of the Chinese elm tree (Celtis chinensis) and the seeds of the blackbean tree (Castanospermum australe) when these food items were seasonally available. Faecal samples suggest that the most ingested foods (algae and aquatic ribbon weed) were also the most digestible. Although predominantly herbivorous, Elseya sp. was seen to eat carrion once in the wild.

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