Academic literature on the topic 'Martins Bank Limited'

A limited number of studies in the scientific literature discuss the “Build-Back-Better” (BBB) critical infrastructure (CI) concept. Investigations of its operational aspects and its efficient implementation are even rarer. The term “Better” in BBB is often confusing to practitioners and leads to unclear and non-uniform objectives for guiding accurate decision-making. In an attempt to fill these gaps, this study offers a conceptual analysis of BBB’s operational aspects by examining the term “Better”. In its methodological approach, this study evaluates the state of Saint-Martin’s CI before and after Hurricane Irma and, accordingly, reveals the indicators to assess during reconstruction projects. The proposed methods offer practitioners a guidance tool for planning efficient BBB CI projects or for evaluating ongoing programs through the established BBB evaluation grid. Key findings of the study offer insights and a new conceptual equation of the BBB CI by revealing the holistic and interdisciplinary connotations behind the term “Better” CI: “Build-Back-resilient”, “Build-Back-sustainable”, and “Build-Back-accessible to all and upgraded CI”. The proposed explanations can facilitate the efficient application of BBB for CI by operators, stakeholders, and practitioners and can help them to contextualize the term “Better” with respect to their area and its CI systems.

Martin Wight once asked why the balance of power ‘has inspired no great political writer to analysis and reflection’?Looking back in 1923, Winston Churchill wrote:One rises from the study of the causes of the Great War with a prevailing sense of the defective control of individuals upon world fortunes. It has been well said, ‘there is always more error than design in human affairs’. The limited minds even of the ablest men, their disputed authority, the climate of opinion in which they dwell, their transient and partial contributions to the mighty problem, that problem itself so far beyond their compass, so vast in scale and detail, so changing in its aspect—all this must surely be considered before the complete condemnation of the vanquished or the complete acquittal of the victors can be pronounced.

Abstract This article analyzes paratextual strategies deployed by Taylor Swift in her transition from country to pop in the context of her articulation of her authorship as a female songwriter. This was a transition complicated by the gendered hierarchies of pop music, wherein male producers carry significant discursive weight. The article frames the “Voice Memos” included with her 2014 album 1989 as a form of paratextual feminism, reiterating the authenticity she developed as a country star and pushing back against claims her collaboration with male producers like Max Martin and Ryan Tedder threaten her autonomy as a female voice in the music industry. However, the article goes on to consider how these and other paratextual feminisms are inherently tied to neoliberal values of post-feminism, demonstrating that their potential as a gendered critique of the media industries is limited by the lack of actualization within Swift’s broader star text and industry practice.

The global food crisis of mid-2000s resulted in a several-fold increase in the prices of essential food items. Resultantly, the incidence of food insecurity, hunger, and poverty has increased in many developing countries [Ivanic and Martin (2008); Harttgen and Klasen (2012); De Hoyos and Medvedev (2009); World Bank (2010); Regmi and Seale (2010); Andreyeva, et al. (2010). Pakistan is also hit hard by this crisis. Prices of several food items increased by more than a 100 percent since 2006-07. Consequently, nearly half of the population is currently unable to meet its minimum (subsistence) caloric requirements for healthy and productive living [Malik, et al. (2014)]. A large proportion of household expenditure is spent on food (on average about 48 percent in 2010) and thus very little is left for the other expenditures necessary for human welfare, such as, health and education. Moreover, dietary diversity is extremely limited. Nearly 70 percent of food expenditure is on cereals, dairy, sweeteners, and fats. Wheat is the major source of calories, providing about half of the total daily calories [Malik, et al. (2014)]. However, the price of wheat increased by 125 percent between 2005-6 and 2010-11. Existing analyses indicate that these price shocks entail significant additional expenditures to maintain their pre-crisis consumption levels [Haq, et al. (2008); Friedman, Hong, and Xiaohui (2011)]. There is thus overwhelming evidence that rising food prices and the decline in real wages have serious implications for poverty, food security, and nutrition through food consumption patterns in the country

Particulate organic carbon (POC) produced in the surface ocean sinks through the water column and is respired at depth, acting as a primary vector sequestering carbon in the abyssal ocean. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are sensitive to the length (depth) scale over which respiration converts POC back to inorganic carbon, because shallower waters exchange with the atmosphere more rapidly than deeper ones. However, estimates of this carbon regeneration length scale and its spatiotemporal variability are limited, hindering the ability to characterize its sensitivity to environmental conditions. Here, we present a zonal section of POC fluxes at high vertical and spatial resolution from the GEOTRACES GP16 transect in the eastern tropical South Pacific, based on normalization to the radiogenic thorium isotope 230Th. We find shallower carbon regeneration length scales than previous estimates for the oligotrophic South Pacific gyre, indicating less efficient carbon transfer to the deep ocean. Carbon regeneration is strongly inhibited within suboxic waters near the Peru coast. Canonical Martin curve power laws inadequately capture POC flux profiles at suboxic stations. We instead fit these profiles using an exponential function with flux preserved at depth, finding shallow regeneration but high POC sequestration below 1,000 m. Both regeneration length scales and POC flux at depth closely track the depths at which oxygen concentrations approach zero. Our findings imply that climate warming will result in reduced ocean carbon storage due to expanding oligotrophic gyres, but opposing effects on ocean carbon storage from expanding suboxic waters will require modeling and future work to disentangle.

Background:The ASAS classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) have overall sensitivity/specificity of 82.9%/84.4% but component imaging and clinical arms differ in performance (66.2%/97.3% and 56.6%/83.3%, respectively)1.Objectives:We aimed to demonstrate that a data-driven elimination of SpA clinical features that were non-discriminatory in comparisons of patients diagnosed with and without axSpA in a prospective cohort of patients with undiagnosed back pain could enhance the performance of the criteria.Methods:We used data from the prospective multicenter Screening for Axial Spondyloarthritis in Psoriasis, Iritis, and Colitis (SASPIC) Study. Consecutive patients ≤45 years of age with ≥3 months undiagnosed back pain with any one of psoriasis, AAU, or colitis undergo routine diagnostic evaluation by a rheumatologist for axial SpA, including imaging assessed by central readers. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine which clinical SpA features were/were not discriminatory for the final diagnosis of axSpA. We then compared the sensitivity and specificity of the ASAS criteria with and without these features.Results:A total of 246 patients were recruited, 47.6% being diagnosed with axSpA (61.5% male, age 33.7 years, symptom duration 7.6 years, B27 positive 52.1%). The following clinical SpA features were non-discriminatory between axSpA/not axSpA: NSAID response, family history of SpA, heel enthesitis, peripheral arthritis, dactylitis. Specificity of the clinical arm and the overall criteria increased from 82.2% to 86.8% without impacting sensitivity. This effect was particularly noteworthy in patients with lower degree of symptomatology (back pain severity <5/10, specificity increases from 76.7% to 90.7%), short symptom duration (<5 years, specificity increases from 78% to 84.7%), and in females (specificity increases from 80.6% to 86.1%).Conclusion:In a prospective cohort with a high pre-test probability of axSpA certain clinical SpA features were not helpful in discriminating a diagnosis of SpA from not-SpA. Deletion of these features from the list of SpA features used in the ASAS classification criteria enhanced the performance of the criteria, especially in female patients and those with early disease.References:[1]Rudwaleit et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2009;68: 777-83Patient CategoryNumberASAS criteriaImaging armClinical armSenSpecSenSpecSensSpecAll patients2466582.236.897.750.482.2High confidence in diagnosis19073.884.547.598.256.384.5Patients with back pain ≥5/1016563.384.934.298.851.984.9Patients with back pain <58168.476.742.195.347.476.7Patients with symptom duration ≥5 years10371.285.735.697.156.285.7Patients with symptom duration <5 years14354.57838.698.340.978Males12968.184.247.298.248.684.2Females1176080.62097.253.380.6After deletion of ‘NSAID response’, ‘Family Hx SpA’, ‘heel enthesitis’, ‘peripheral arthritis’, ‘dactylitis’ SpA featuresAll patients2466586.836.897.750.486.8High confidence in diagnosis19073.887.347.598.256.387.3Patients with back pain ≥5/1016563.384.934.298.851.984.9Patients with back pain <58168.490.742.195.347.490.7Patients with symptom duration ≥5 years10371.288.635.697.156.288.6Patients with symptom duration <5 years14354.584.738.698.340.984.7Males12968.187.747.298.248.687.7Females1176086.12097.253.386.1Disclosure of Interests:Walter P. Maksymowych Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Employee of: Chief Medical Officer of CARE Arthritis Limited, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Raj Carmona: None declared, Jon Chan: None declared, James Yeung: None declared, Sibel Aydin: None declared, Liam Martin: None declared, Ariel Masetto: None declared, Olga Ziouzina: None declared, Stephanie Keeling: None declared, Sherry Rohekar: None declared, Rana Dadashova: None declared, Joel Paschke: None declared, Amanda Carapellucci: None declared, Robert G Lambert: None declared

Background:Clinicians rely on the elicitation of features of inflammatory back pain (IBP) for diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) but the utility of IBP criteria in patients presenting with extra-articular features of axSpA remains unclear. Assessment of utility should include not only rheumatologist diagnosis as benchmark but imaging to address the circularity between elicitation of IBP and clinical diagnosis.Objectives:To assess the diagnostic utility of all criteria for IBP in patients with psoriasis, iritis, or colitis and undiagnosed back pain using the rheumatologist diagnosis and imaging as benchmarks.Methods:Consecutive patients (n=246) with undiagnosed back pain ≤45 years of age, ≥3 months, with any one of psoriasis (n=46), acute anterior uveitis (AAU)(n=73), or colitis (n=127) had diagnostic evaluation by a rheumatologist. Majority central reader assessment of MRI indicative of axSpA and diagnosis by the rheumatologist were external standards for testing the utility of these IBP criteria: ASAS, Berlin, Calin, rheumatologist global for IBP >5 (0-10 scale).Results:AxSpA was diagnosed in 44.4%, 61.6%, and 41.8% of patients with psoriasis, iritis, and IBD, respectively. Diagnostic utility for all IBP criteria was comparably poor (Table 1). MRI was indicative of axSpA in 21.2%, 43.5%, and 19.7% of patients with psoriasis, iritis, and IBD. The utility of the IBP criteria was even worse using MRI as the external reference (Table 2), especially in patients with psoriasis. Only 14% of psoriasis patients with a positive MRI reported “improvement with exercise but not rest” as compared to 70% and 62% of patients with iritis and IBD, respectively.Table 1.Rheumatologist diagnosis as external reference.SensitivitySpecificityLR+LR-PsoriasisASAS IBP65.00%52.00%1.350.67Berlin IBP80.00%36.00%1.250.56Calin IBP80.00%28.00%1.110.71All 3 criteria sets60.00%56.00%1.360.71IBP global >585.00%36.00%1.330.42AAUASAS IBP84.44%42.86%1.480.36Berlin IBP80.00%57.14%1.870.35Calin IBP93.33%17.86%1.140.37All 3 criteria sets77.78%60.71%1.980.37IBP global >586.67%57.14%2.020.23IBDASAS IBP78.43%45.07%1.430.48Berlin IBP82.35%52.11%1.720.34Calin IBP84.31%19.72%1.050.80All 3 criteria sets70.59%57.75%1.670.51IBP global >580.39%66.20%2.380.30Table 2.Central assessment that MRI is indicative of axSpA as external reference.SensitivitySpecificityLR+LR-PsoriasisASAS IBP28.57%38.46%0.461.86Berlin IBP42.86%15.38%0.513.71Calin IBP71.43%23.08%0.931.24All 3 criteria sets14.29%42.31%0.252.03IBP global >585.71%23.08%1.110.62AAUASAS IBP75.00%26.92%1.030.93Berlin IBP70.00%38.46%1.140.78Calin IBP90.00%15.38%1.060.65All 3 criteria sets65.00%38.46%1.060.91IBP global >575.00%38.46%1.220.65IBDASAS IBP92.31%37.74%1.480.20Berlin IBP76.92%39.62%1.270.58Calin IBP92.31%16.98%1.110.45All 3 criteria sets76.92%45.28%1.410.51IBP global >592.31%47.17%1.750.16Conclusion:All IBP criteria have poor diagnostic utility for diagnosis of axSpA, especially in patients with psoriasis. This reinforces the desirability of less subjective assessment tools, especially imaging.Disclosure of Interests:Georg Kröber: None declared, Ulrich Weber: None declared, Raj Carmona: None declared, James Yeung: None declared, Jon Chan: None declared, Sibel Aydin: None declared, Liam Martin: None declared, Ariel Masetto: None declared, Stephanie Keeling: None declared, Olga Ziouzina: None declared, Sherry Rohekar: None declared, Rana Dadashova: None declared, Joel Paschke: None declared, Amanda Carapellucci: None declared, Robert G Lambert: None declared, Walter P. Maksymowych Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Employee of: Chief Medical Officer of CARE Arthritis Limited, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB

Background:Patients presenting with back pain and psoriasis, iritis, or colitis, represent a high-risk population for the presence of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). The Dublin Evaluation Tool (DUET)1, the Berlin algorithm2, and the ASAS modification of this algorithm3are recommended referral strategies aimed at early diagnosis of axSpA. DUET was developed for patients presenting with AAU. Validation of these algorithms in inception cohorts is limited.Objectives:1. To assess the performance of referral algorithms for diagnosis of axSpA when tested against the final local rheumatologist diagnosis in an inception cohort of patients presenting with undiagnosed back pain and extra-articular manifestations. 2. To determine whether different criteria for inflammatory back pain (IBP) impact the performance of the algorithms.Methods:The multicenter Screening for Axial Spondyloarthritis in Psoriasis, Iritis, and Colitis (SASPIC) Study at 11 sites is aimed at early detection of axial SpA in patients presenting with undiagnosed back pain to the rheumatologist. Consecutive patients ≤45 years of age with ≥3 months undiagnosed back pain with any one of psoriasis, acute anterior uveitis (AAU), or colitis diagnosed by the relevant specialist undergo routine clinical evaluation by a rheumatologist for axial SpA. The rheumatologist determines the presence or absence of axial SpA at 3 consecutive stages: 1. After the clinical evaluation; 2. After the results of labs (B27, CRP) and radiography; 3. After the results of MRI evaluation. Final diagnosis by the rheumatologist was used as external standard to test the performance of the algorithms. We tested the following criteria for IBP in the algorithm: ASAS, Berlin, rheumatologist global for likelihood of IBP >5 (0-10 scale), and DUET algorithm in AAU patients.Results:A total of 246 patients were recruited, 73 presented with iritis, 46 with psoriasis, and 127 with colitis, 47.6% were diagnosed with axSpA. The diagnosis of axSpA was established in 45.7%, 61.6%, and 40.2% of patients with psoriasis, AAU, and IBD, respectively. The performance of the ASAS-modification of the Berlin algorithm was superior to the original algorithm as reported previously3, primarily for enhanced sensitivity, and this was observed irrespective of the criteria used to define IBP (Table 1). Conversely, the performance of the Duet algorithm in the subset of patients with AAU was substantially worse than previously reported1.Conclusion:The ASAS modification of the Berlin algorithm is the preferred referral strategy for patients presenting with undiagnosed back pain to the rheumatologist.References:[1]Haroon M, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 74: 1990-5[2]Poddubnyy D, et al. J Rheumatol 2011; 38: 2452–60[3]Van den Berg R, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2013;72:1646–53AlgorithmSensitivity (%)Specificity (%)Correct diagnosis (%)False negative (%)False positive (%)Original Berlin(ASAS criteria for IBP)65.376.671.116.712.2Original Berlin(Berlin criteria for IBP)64.476.670.717.112.2Original Berlin(IBP global >5)67.878.173.215.411.4ASAS Modification of Berlin algorithm (ASAS criteria for IBP)73.775.874.812.612.6ASAS Modification of Berlin algorithm (Berlin criteria for IBP)73.775.074.412.613.0ASAS Modification of Berlin algorithm(IBP global >5)76.377.376.811.411.8DUET84.450.071.29.619.2Disclosure of Interests:Ulrich Weber: None declared, Georg Kröber: None declared, Raj Carmona: None declared, James Yeung: None declared, Jon Chan: None declared, Sibel Aydin: None declared, Liam Martin: None declared, Ariel Masetto: None declared, Stephanie Keeling: None declared, Olga Ziouzina: None declared, Sherry Rohekar: None declared, Rana Dadashova: None declared, Amanda Carapellucci: None declared, Joel Paschke: None declared, Robert G Lambert: None declared, Walter P. Maksymowych Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Employee of: Chief Medical Officer of CARE Arthritis Limited, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to fill a gap in the foreign exchange rate exposure management literature as the existing literature has focused only on developed economics, and also the current literature on foreign exchange rate exposure of cedant insurance companies is very limited. As Egyptian insurance companies deal directly with foreign exchange rates, they face exposure to exchange rates through their international reinsurance operations. Design/methodology/approach – Martin and Mauer (2003, 2005) three-stage model is used to estimate foreign exchange rate transaction exposure for the sample of 23 Egyptian insurance companies over the period 2002-2009. However, the author has two innovations to this method. The author's first innovation is that instead of looking at the unanticipated operating income for each cedant company (as in both previous papers), this paper looks at the unanticipated operating income on an aggregate level. The author's second innovation is that instead of the model used in previous papers the author uses a model from the actuarial field that was proposed by Blum et al. (2001) for modelling foreign exchange rates with their relevant constituents (inflation and interest rate). Findings – The central finding of the study is that the foreign exchange rate exposure across the Egyptian insurance industry is not significant (at the 10 per cent level) and investigates this result. Research limitations/implications – This study has made considerable contributions to the existing academic literature, but the findings also illustrate the limitations of the research undertaken. These limitations, however, provide important directions for future research. This thesis focused exclusively on the transaction exposure that Egyptian insurance companies experience to fluctuations in the US dollar exchange rate in relation to their international reinsurance operations. As a result, investigating both translation and economic exposure was beyond the scope and purpose of this study. Practical implications – The findings of this research provide meaningful implications for industry practitioners. As Egyptian insurance companies are not immune from exchange rate risks, efforts must be made by each insurer to approximate and quantify their individual foreign exchange rate transaction exposure. Additionally, as Egyptian insurance companies increasingly operate worldwide (through the international reinsurance industry), this research and its results are significant for practitioners not only in Egypt, but also further afield. Finally, it is believed that this research will highlight greater implications for international financial players active in Egyptian financial and non-financial sectors, including banks not exposed singularly to US dollars, but to multiple currencies. One recent Egyptian example is Egypt Air, which lost an estimated US$600 million in 2013 due to foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Originality/value – Since Egyptian insurance operates worldwide, the results of this paper are of significant not only for Egyptian insurance managers but also to practitioners beyond Egypt.

The article presents studies that discuss the relationship between the teaching work of preschool teachers and their health. Research was carried out in three different places: from 2010 to 2017 in the databases of the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO Brazil), from 2000 to 2017 in the Portal da Associação Nacional de Pós-graduação e Pesquisa em Educação - ANPEd (Portal of the National Association of Postgraduate and Research in Education) and from 2000 to 2017 at the Banco de Teses da Capes/MEC- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior/Ministério da Educação (Capes Bank of Theses/MEC - Coordination of Improvement of Higher Personnel Education / Ministry of Education). In the "article search" field, we used the descriptors (isolated and associated): "illness", "teacher" and "early childhood education", and later added "sickness". Search was carried out in "general" and "summary" fields. Among these papers, theses and dissertations were found 17 papers that analysed the relationship between the sickness of the preschool teachers and their work, it was shown that this relatively new group of teachers who are still constructing their professional identity, is still poorly studied although it presents itself as a risk group for illness, so more studies are needed to identify problems and seek solutions.ResumoO artigo apresenta estudos que abordam a relação do trabalho docente das professoras de educação infantil com a sua saúde. Pesquisou-se nas bases – Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO Brasil) o período de 2010 até 2017, no Portal da Associação Nacional de Pós-graduação e Pesquisa em Educação (ANPEd) o período de 2000 a 2017 e no Banco de Teses da Capes/MEC – Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior/Ministério da Educação (de 2000 a 2017). No campo “pesquisa de artigos”, utilizamos os descritores (isolados e associados): “doença”, “professora” e “educação infantil”, posteriormente acrescentou-se “adoecimento”. Pesquisou-se nos campos em “geral” e “resumo”. Entre artigos, teses e dissertações encontrou-se 17 trabalhos que analisavam a relação do adoecimento das professoras de educação infantil com seu trabalho. Constatou-se que esse grupo de professoras, por ser relativamente novo e por estar em construção a sua identidade profissional, ainda é pouco estudado, embora apresente-se como grupo de risco para adoecimento, portanto mais estudos são necessários para identificar problemas e buscar soluções. ResumenEl artículo presenta estudios que abordan la relación del trabajo docente de las profesoras de educación infantil con su salud. La investigación se realizó en el portal de la Asociación Nacional de Postgrado e Investigación en Educación (ANPEd), en el período de 2000 a 2017 y en el Banco de Tesis de la Capes/MEC – Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento de Personal de Nivel Superior/Ministerio de Educación (de 2000 a 2017). En el campo "investigación de artículos", utilizamos los descriptores (aislados y asociados): "enfermedad", "profesora" y "educación infantil", posteriormente se añadió “enfermarse”. Se ha investigado en los campos en "general" y "resumen". Entre los artículos, tesis y disertaciones se encontraron 17 trabajos que analizaban la relación de la enfermedad de las profesoras de educación infantil con su trabajo, se constató que ese grupo de profesoras por ser un grupo relativamente nuevo, por estar en construcción de su identidad profesional, todavía es poco estudiado, aunque se presenta como grupo de riesgo para enfermarse, por lo que más estudios son necesarios para identificar problemas y buscar soluciones.Keywords: Early childhood education, Teachers, Health, Job.Palavras chave: Educação infantil, Professores, Saúde, Trabalho.Palabras clave: Educación infantil, Profesores, Salud, Trabajo.ReferencesARANDA, S. M. Um olhar implicado sobre o mal-estar docente. 2007. 149f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) ? Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre. 2007.ARAÚJO, T. M. et al. Saúde e trabalho docente: dando visibilidade aos processos de desgaste e adoecimento docente a partir da construção de uma rede de produção coletiva. Educação em Revista, Belo Horizonte, n. 37, p. 183-212, jul. 2003.ARAÚJO, T.; CARVALHO, F. M. Condições de trabalho docente e saúde na Bahia: estudos epidemiológicos. Educação & Sociedade, Campinas, vol. 30, n. 107, p. 427-449, maio/ago. 2009. Disponível em http://www.cedes.unicamp.br. Acesso em 10 de abr. 2017.ASSIS, M. S. Ama, guardiã, crecheira, pajem, auxiliar... em busca da profissionalização do educador da educação infantil. In: ANGOTTI, M. (Org.). Educação Infantil: da condição de direito a condição de qualidade no atendimento. Editora Alínea: São Paulo, Campinas, 2009, p. 37-50.BERALDO, K. E. A. Educadoras de creche: percepção de motivos de satisfação, de insatisfação e de estresse vinculados ao desempenho profissional. 2006. 200f. Tese. (Doutorado em Psicologia) ? Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2006.BRANQUINHO, N. das G. S. Qualidade de vida no trabalho e vivências de bem-estar e mal-estar em professores da rede pública municipal de Unaí/MG. 2010. 117 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicologia) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2010.BRASIL. Decreto-Lei 9.694 de 20 de dezembro de 1996. Estabelece as diretrizes e bases da educação nacional. Disponível em: <http://portal.mec.gov.br/arquivos/pdf/ldb.pdf>. Acesso em: 27 jun. 2017.BRASIL. Resolução CNE/CP nº 1, de 15 de maio de 2006. Institui Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Curso de Graduação em Pedagogia, licenciatura. Disponível em: <http://portal.mec.gov.br/arqui­vos/pdf/ldb.pdf>. Acesso em: 27 jun. 2017.CARNEIRO, N. Estresse ocupacional do gestor escolar na educação infantil. 2017. 102 páginas. Dissertação (mestrado em Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde, Ambiente e Trabalho) Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, 2017.CORTEZ, P.; SOUZA, M. V.; AMARAL, L. O.; SILVA, L. A saúde docente no trabalho: apontamentos a partir da literatura recente. Cadernos de Saúde Coletiva, Rio de Janeiro, v.25, n. 1, p.113-122, jan./mar., 2017.DEFINA-IQUEDA, A. P. Auto percepção da voz e interferências de problemas vocais: um estudo com professores da rede municipal de Ribeirão Preto/SP. 2006. 165f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Saúde) ? Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 2006.ESTEVE, J. S. O mal-estar docente. Bauru, São Paulo: EDUSC, 1999.LEHMANN, B. A. et al. Trabalho e Saúde das Professoras da educação infantil das escolas públicas municipais da região sul do Rio Grande do Sul – Caderno online Issuu.com/trabalhodocenteesaude. Acesso em 10 de abril de 2017.MARTINS, L. Maria. Educação Infantil: assumindo desafios. In: SILVA, A.; SANTOS, B. R.; SEQUEIRA, C. H. (orgs). Infância e adolescência em perspectiva. São Vicente, SP, Prefeitura Municipal de São Vicente, 2006, v. I, p. 66-76.MARTINS, M. de F.; VIEIRA, J.; FEIJÓ J.; GONÇALVES, V. B. O trabalho das docentes da Educação Infantil e o mal-estar docente: o impacto dos aspectos psicossociais no adoecimento. Cadernos de Psicologia Social do Trabalho, São Paulo, v.17, n.2, p. 281-289, 2014.PINTO, M. de F. N.; DUARTE, A. M. C.; VIEIRA, L. M. F.. O trabalho docente na educação infantil pública em Belo Horizonte. Rev. Bras. Educ. [online]. 2012, vol.17, n.51, pp.611-626. ISSN 1413-2478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-24782012000300007PURIN, P. C. O trabalho na rede municipal de Cidreira/RS: limites e possibilidades de uma práxis emancipadora. 2011. 69f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) ? Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 2011.ROMANOWSKI, J. P.; ENS, R. T. As pesquisas denominadas de tipo “estado da arte” em educação. Diálogo Educacional, Curitiba, v.6, n.9, p.37-50, set./dez. 2006. Disponível em: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=189116275004. Acesso em: 20 jun. 2017.SANTOS, M. N.; MARQUES, A. Condições de saúde, estilo de vida e características de trabalho de professores de uma cidade do sul do Brasil. Ciência e Saúde Coletiva, Rio de Janeiro, v.18, n3, p.837-846, mar., 2013.SILVA, L. G.; SILVA M. C. Condições de trabalho e saúde de professores pré-escolares da rede pública de ensino de Pelotas, RS, Brasil. Ciência e Saúde Coletiva, Rio de Janeiro, v.18, n.11, 3137-3146, nov. 2013.SILVEIRA, L.; MEIRELES, J.; ESLABÃO, L.; VIEIRA, J.; MARTINS M. de F. Mal-Estar docente e absenteísmo: uma relação de trabalho e saúde das professoras de Educação Infantil. Revista Latino-Americana de Estudos em Cultura e Sociedade, v.1, p. 01-07, 2015.SOLIMÕES, A. C. Impacto na precarização do trabalho sobre a saúde das docentes. 2015. 157p. 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The readings of Hölderlin’s poetry by Walter Benjamin and Martin Heidegger place emphasis on the principle of articulation or joining, with particular attention to the question of how this principle of middling itself makes its appearance in literary representation. The figure of palintropic, invisible harmonia—borrowed from Heraclitus by Heidegger—is a vivid example of a joint that holds together and also apart, but must itself withdraw from appearance. This doubling-back of appearance has important parallels in Heidegger and Benjamin’s texts, which share a concern about preserving a sphere of “un-mediatizability” (Unmittelbarkeit). Their interest in representation at the very limits of what can be represented is considered alongside their use and thematization of punctuation, which is evoked at crucial junctures as a paradigmatic figure that brings word and image together in an ekphrastic comparison that also undercuts its own mimetic claims.

The disputed land-uses and cultivation practices represented in As You Like It responded to unprecedented changes in Elizabethan climate, population, and economic relations. Traditional modes of rural dwelling were no longer protected by virtue of their rural isolation or autonomy, but were becoming inescapably tied to national and global orders of competitive growth and resource exploitation. Perhaps the most disruptive of these modernizing turns was the development of gunpowder technologies and the armament industry. As in other western European countries, military culture became ubiquitous in England by the late sixteenth century as a result of innovations in gunpowder weapons and the formation of national armies. During the Middle Ages, low-tech weaponry and feudal mobilization had limited the social and environmental impacts of war. This situation began to change from the fifteenth century onwards with the development of far more deadly cannons, mines, and firearms. Influenced partly by the Erasmian ethics of his Humanist education (like Queen Elizabeth and King James in their attitudes to war), Shakespeare drew attention to gunpowder’s devastating effects on human and non-human animals and their environments in virtually all his history plays and several of his tragedies, even thoughmost of these references were anachronistic. By layering historical and contemporary viewpoints he registered changing material realities and cultural assumptions about the ecology of war: from self-regulating cycles of martial destruction and agrarian regeneration, to incremental technological mastery reliant on ever-increasing resource consumption. Traditional ideas about redeeming war through cultivation are captured by the Virgilian image of beating swords into ploughshares. It suggests that peacetime cultivation will heal wartime damage, and that periods of war and peace routinely alternate. The swordsinto-ploughshares trope also encodes temporal assumptions that the arc of catastrophe, in its political, ecological, and dramatic senses, is limited in scope and ultimately reversible. In this chapter I want to examine the emerging gunpowder regime putting pressure on this paradigm, and replacing it with modern structures of recoiling environmental risk and planetary push-back, represented in Henry IV Part Two and Macbeth respectively.

Food security has reemerged in recent years as a global policy issue and growing area of academic inquiry, notably since the food price crisis of 2008 (Brown 2008; Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO] 2008; Oxfam International 2008; Clapp and Cohen 2009). Three dominant narratives distinguish this current wave of food security discourse. First is its framing at the global scale, with threats to worldwide food production back on the agenda in ways recalling the 1970s’ Limits To Growth (Meadows et al. 1972) movement, often expressed in relation to the effects of global climate change on agricultural systems (Beddington et al. 2012). Second is the casting of food security as a matter of international political security. In addition to the food riots of 2008 (O’Brien 2012), food price increases have been put forward as one of the causes, or at least a contributing factor, of the “Arab Spring” (Johnstone and Mazo 2011; The Economist 2012). Third, and countering the global narrative, is a narrative of “food sovereignty”, which calls for alternative food networks that embed food production and consumption at the local scale and urges delinking from global, corporate agricultural production systems and commodity chains (Patel 2007; Martinez-Torres and Rosset 2010; Via Campesina 2011). Paralleling these competing understandings of food security versus food sovereignty are competing versions and practices of agricultural science: One version is high-tech, profit-motivated, and funded largely by corporations (e.g., Monsanto, Cargill, Syngenta); another version is lower-tech, environmentally and socially motivated, based on farmer participation (e.g., Bezner Kerr 2010), and commonly linked to agrarian social movements. What these seemingly competing narratives have in common, however, is a shared emphasis on food production. In the global narrative, this is usually framed in terms of increased global food demand, as a result of population growth and urbanization, in the face of environmental threats and limits to land and water resources. Framing food security in these terms, especially when done at the global scale, acts to marginalize issues of unequal access to food—a marginalization that also occurs on the basis of gender.

Abstract Human’s motion and its mechanisms had become interesting in the last years, where the medecine’s field search for rehabilitation methods for handicapped persons. Other fields, like sport sciences, professional or military world, search to distinguish profiles and ways to train them with specific purposes. Besides, recent findings in neuroscience try to describe these mechanisms from an organic point of view. Until now, different researchs had given a model about control motor that describes how the union between the senses’s information allows adaptable movements. One of this sense is the proprioception, the sense which has a quite big factor in the orientation and position of the body, its members and joints. For this reason, research for new strategies to explore proprioception and improve the theories of human motion could be done by three different vias. At first, the sense is analysed in a case-study where three groups of persons are compared in a controlled enviroment with three experimental tasks. The subjects belong to each group by the kind of sport they do: sedentary, normal sportsmen (e.g. athletics, swimming) and martial sportmen (e.g. karate, judo). They are compared thinking about the following hypothesis: “Martial Sportmen have a better proprioception than of the other groups’s subjects: It could be due to the type of exercises they do in their sports as empirically, a contact sportsman shows significantly superior motor skills to the members of the other two groups. The second via are records from encephalogram (EEG) while the experimental tasks are doing. These records are analised a posteriori with a set of processing algorithms to extract characteristics about brain’s activity of the proprioception and motion control. 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