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Pascoal, Da Silva Luís, Lopes De Carvalho Isabel, De Sousa Rita, and Norte Ana Cláudia. "First report of Ixodes lividus (Koch,1844) in sand martins Riparia riparia in Portugal." Systematic and Applied Acarology 25, no. 10 (October 9, 2020): 1883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.25.10.11.
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Ixodes lividus Koch, 1844 (Ixodida: Ixodidae) is a specialised endophilic tick of the sand martin Riparia riparia whose distributional range matches that of its host in the Paleartic region. However, the presence of this tick species has not been described in Mediterranean countries where the sand martin also breeds. In this study, we investigated I. lividus infestation in 1,081 Riparia riparia individuals from two breeding colonies in central Portugal. In total, three I. lividus were collected from three sand martins (infestation rate of 0.28%). A molecular survey on these ticks did not detect the presence of any Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., Rickttesia spp. nor Babesia spp. This report expands to the south and west the known distributional range of I. lividus in Europe.
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Büchsenschutz, Nora. "Iberische Halbinsel und Marokko; Johannes G. Deckers, Guntram Koch. Konstantinopel, besprochen von Martin Dennert." Byzantinische Zeitschrift 113, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bz-2020-0016.
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TRINCADO, R. D., J. P. I. MARTIN, D. D. MÉNDEZ ROSA, P. C. LOPES, and G. J. DE MORAES. "Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Chile, with descriptions of three new species and a redescription of Chileseius camposi." Zootaxa 4482, no. 2 (September 18, 2018): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4482.2.5.
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A total of 40 phytoseiid species has been reported from Chile, including the two species (Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) and Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot) most widely used worldwide for the biological control of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Tetranychidae). In this paper we report nine other species found in new collecting conducted since 1989, including three new species: Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant), Amblyseius tamatavensis Blommers, Arrenoseius robertogonzalezi Trincado & Martin n. sp., Neoseiulus anonymus (Chant & Baker), Neoseiulus bicaudus (Wainstein), Neoseiulus viticolus Trincado & Martin n. sp., Metaseiulus (Metaseiulus) camelliae (Chant & Yoshida-Shaul), Metaseiulus (Metaseiulus) neoflumenis Moraes & Kreiter and Metaseiulus (Metaseiulus) relictus Trincado & Martin n. sp.. Chileseius camposi Gonzalez & Schuster, 1962 is redescribed, and a list of all species presently known from Chile and a key to help in their separation are given. A new name, Proprioseiopsis kargi Trincado nom. nov., is a replacement name for Proprioseiopsis globosus Karg, 1976, a junior homonym of Proprioseiopsis globosus (Gonzalez & Schuster, 1962).
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Bush, Paul, and Nicholas Priebe. "GABAergic Inhibitory Control of the Transient and Sustained Components of Orientation Selectivity in a Model Microcolumn in Layer 4 of Cat Visual Cortex." Neural Computation 10, no. 4 (May 1, 1998): 855–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976698300017520.
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Recently proposed models of orientation tuning in layer 4 of cat primary visual cortex (Somers, Nelson, & Sur, 1995; Douglas, Koch, Mahowald, Martin, & Suarez, 1995) rely on widespread inhibitory intracortical connections to suppress the nonoptimal component of a broadly tuned thalamic input, while local excitatory intracortical connections amplify the optimal component. However, new experimental data (Ferster, Chung, & Wheat, 1996) and theoretical analyses (Ferster, 1987; Krukowski, Priebe, & Miller, 1996) show that the temporally modulated component of thalamic input is well tuned and that the cortical circuitry must simply subtract an unmodulated DC component at nonoptimal orientations to obtain sharp tuning. In addition, within a single hypercolumn in layer 4, inhibitory and excitatory layer 4 neurons have approximately equal-sized axonal fields, making the most of their synapses within their own dendritic field (Kisvarday, Martin, Whitteridge, & Somogyi, 1985; Martin & Whitteridge, 1984). We have constructed a model of a single microcolumn in which GABAB inhibition subtracts the DC and controls the sustained response, while GABAA inhibition controls the response to transient and suprathreshold inputs. The model fits experimental data based on stimulation with drifting sine-wave gratings as well as flashed bars, explains a counterintuitive property of the GABAB K+ conductance, and at suboptimal orientations and submaximal contrasts produces an exponential distribution of firing frequencies.
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Luther, Christoph. "Feuerbachs Bayerisches Strafgesetzbuch. Die Geburt des liberalen, modernen und rationalen Strafrechts, hg. v. Arnd Koch/Michael Kubiciel/ Martin Löhnig/Michael Pawlik." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 133, no. 1 (October 1, 2016): 636–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgga-2016-0163.
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MARX, PAUL. "Max Koch and Martin Fritz (eds.) (2013), Non-Standard Employment in Europe: Paradigms, Prevalence and Policy Responses. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. £55.00, pp. 270, hbk." Journal of Social Policy 43, no. 4 (July 24, 2014): 848–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279414000439.
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Schmitz-Emans, M. "Die Mimesis und ihre Kunste. Herausgegeben von Gertrud Koch, Martin Vohler und Christiane Voss. Munchen: Fink, 2010. 262 Seiten + 26 s / w Abbildungen. 34,90." Monatshefte 103, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 652–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mon.2011.0103.
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Jessen, Ralph. "Martin Sabrow / Alexander Koch (Hrsg.), Experiment Einheit. Zeithistorische Essays. Hrsg. für das Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam und das Deutsche Historische Museum Berlin. Göttingen, Wallstein 2015." Historische Zeitschrift 306, no. 3 (June 5, 2018): 932–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hzhz-2018-1281.
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SARFATI, Hedva. "Le Cœur américain - éloge du don. By Guy SORMAN; Non-standard employment in Europe: Paradigms, prevalence and policy responses. Edited by Max KOCH and Martin FRITZ. Preface by Richard Hyman." International Labour Review 153, no. 3 (September 2014): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1564-913x.2014.00212.x.
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Birke, Peter. "Non-Standard Employment in Europe. Paradigms, Prevalence and Policy Responses. Ed. by Max Koch and Martin Fritz. [Work and Welfare in Europe.] Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke [etc.] 2013. xxiv, 246 pp. £55.00." International Review of Social History 60, no. 2 (July 22, 2015): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859015000280.
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SARFATI, Hedva. "Le Cœur américain - éloge du don. Par Guy SORMAN; Non-standard employment in Europe: Paradigms, prevalence and policy responses. Publié sous la direction de Max KOCH et Martin FRITZ. Préface de Richard Hyman." Revue internationale du Travail 153, no. 3 (September 2014): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1564-9121.2014.00221.x.
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Vatamanu, David, and Simona Miclăuş. "UHF Fractal Antennas: Solutions for Radio Links Using Matlab Simulations." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 26, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2020-0135.
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AbstractThe paper proposes the use of MATLAB simulations as a first step in identifying proper antennas to be used in specific ultra-high frequency (UHF) communication links. Giving that fractal antennas provide interesting features, we aimed at comparing a few of their significant parameters with those of a monopole antenna so as to ensure signal coverage between two real sites situated at 5.82 km distance in a mixture of urban and flat – open terrain conditions. We started from the requirements imposed to the return loss of the antenna and to the link margin, we established their desired thresholds and then computed solutions regarding which antenna type in the set provide the highest received power and on which frequency sub-bands can be successfully used. The studied fractal antenna set were from the series Koch, Koch loop and Sierpinski. The chosen radio link refers to a real situation on the map. Generally, different narrow bands were provided by each antenna regardless of its type, but still, comparing them with the monopole, better solutions could be identified.
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PINZÓN M., CONCHITA, BRITTANY DAMRON, and RICARDO PINTO-DA-ROCHA. "Three new species of Cosmetidae C.L. Koch, 1839 from South America (Opiliones: Cosmetidae)." Zootaxa 4984, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.16.
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Three new species of harvestmen are described based on morphology. Taito mayoruna spec. nov. from Jenaro Herrera province, Loreto, Peru is differentiated from other species of Taito Kury & Barros, 2014 by features such as anal operculum armed, and femur IV with two retro-distal spines. Taito curupira spec. nov. from Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil is recognized by an H-shaped color pattern, femur IV curved dorsally and armed with medial prolateral and retrolateral tubercles. A third species herein described, Eulibitia chacuamarei spec. nov., from Trinidad, Casanare, Colombia is distinguished by the absence of a ladder mask and by the presence of blunt tubercles on areas I, III and the posterior margin. Penial morphology is described, and SEM micrographs are included.
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Maurizot, P., D. Cluzel, S. Meffre, H. J. Campbell, J. Collot, and B. Sevin. "Chapter 3 Pre-Late Cretaceous basement terranes of the Gondwana active margin of New Caledonia." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 51, no. 1 (2020): 27–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m51-2016-11.
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AbstractThe basement under the Late Cretaceous unconformity in New Caledonia consists of three amalgamated terranes. They are all oceanic, arc-related and developed offshore from the eastern Gondwana active margin during periods of marginal basin development. Téremba Terrane is composed of deep sea Permian to Mesozoic arc-derived volcanic rocks and greywackes. The Koh–Central Terrane includes at its base an ophiolite with island arc tholeiites and boninites (Koh Ophiolite) of Late Carboniferous to Early Permian age overlain by a thick sequence of greywacke (Central Range Volcaniclastic Rocks) of Permian to Late Jurassic age. The Téremba Terrane and the Koh–Central Terrane may be part of the same forearc basin, with the rocks from the Koh–Central Terrane deposited in a deeper environment. The Boghen Terrane is a metamorphic complex composed of schists, broken formations and mafic–ultramafic mélange, derived from mixed terrigenous and volcanic sources. The overall fine grain size and laminar bedding suggest deep sea and more distal deposition than the other terranes. The maximum depositional ages from detrital zircons suggest deposition during the Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. The terrane is interpreted as a metamorphosed subduction complex that includes blueschist and greenschist facies metamorphic rocks exhumed through the Koh–Central Terrane. At a regional scale, the nature of these three pre-Late Cretaceous terranes confirms the existing palaeogeographical reconstructions, which locate New Caledonia outboard the ocean–continent subduction that surrounded Gondwana during the Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic. A detailed analysis of these terranes and their relationship with East Australian terranes of the same age shows that a marginal basin system probably existed between mainland Gondwana and proto-New Caledonia and closed before the Late Cretaceous. A tentative detailed reconstruction of this margin during the Carboniferous–Early Cretaceous period is proposed.
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Klapa, S., A. Müller, A. Koch, A. Kerstein-Staehle, W. Kaehler, H. Heidecke, S. Schinke, et al. "AB0496 AUTOANTIBODIES TARGETING COMPLEMENT RECEPTORS 3A AND 5A1 ARE DECREASED IN ANCA-ASSOCIATED VASCULITIS AND CORRELATE WITH HIGHER RELAPSE RATE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1546.1–1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1758.
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Background:Activation of the alternative and final common pathways have been shown in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) (1). Circulating titers of C5a are elevated and correlate with disease activity in AAV. Binding to the corresponding G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) C5aR1 enhances the influx of neutrophils, leading to ROS generation and severe necrotizing of vascular walls (2). Moreover, subsequent interaction of C5a with C5aR1 may represent a proinflammatory amplification loop (3). Blocking of the receptor is protective in a murine model in AAV (4). In humans, avacopan, a C5aR1-inhibitor showed promising results as glucocorticoid-sparing agent in two randomized phase II and one ongoing phase III clinicals trials in AAV (NCT02994927). Notably, disease-specific anti-GPCR autoantibody (aab) signatures have been found in different autoimmune diseases (5).Objectives:The aim of the present study was to examine whether (patho)physiological anti-C3aR and anti-C5aR1 aabs correlate with clinical findings in AAV, and whether this is linked to the clinical outcome.Methods:Sera and plasma of AAV patients [granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), n=64; microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), n=26; eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), n=11] were measured by Elisa for circulating autoantibodies against complement receptors C3a (anti-C3aR aab) and C5a (anti-C5aR1 aab) and plasma levels of C3a and C5a. Expression of C3aR and C5aR1 on T-cells was determined using flow cytometry. Clinical data were assessed at the time of serum sampling and during follow-up for 48 monthsResults:GPA displayed low titers of anti-C3aR aab (GPA:5.33±2.54vs. HD:6.47±2.61, P=0.0031). Anti-C5aR1 aab were decreased in AAV, especially in GPA (GPA:1.02±1.07vs. HD:6.63±2.91, P=<0.0001). Plasma levels of C5a and anti-C5aR aab yielded an inverse correlation in AAV (r=-0.6813, P=0.0127). C5aR1 expression was increased on T-cells in GPA (CD4+C5aR1+T-cells: GPA:10.76±2.55%vs. HD:3.44±0.68%, P=0.0021; CD8+C5aR1+T-cells GPA:9.74±2.10%vs.HD:4.11±0.92%, P=0.0198). Reduced titers of anti-C5aR1 aab <0.45U/ml displayed an increased relapse risk for major organ involvement in GPA (HR 12.85, P=0.0014).Conclusion:As potential diagnostic marker, anti-C5aR1 aab titer may additionally be useful to monitor disease activity in AAV.References:[1]Chen M et al.Complement deposition in renal histopathology of patients with ANCA-associated pauci-immune glomerulonephritis.Nephrol Dial Transpl. 2009;24:1247-1252[2]Schreiber A et al.C5a receptor mediates neutrophil activation an ANCA-induced glomerulonephritis.J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009; 20:289-298[3]Lamprecht P et al.: Pathogenetic and clinical aspects of Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibody-associated vasculitides.Front Immunol.2018 Apr 9;9-680[4]Xiao H et al.C5a receptor (CD88) blockade protects against MPO-ANCA GN.J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;25(2):225-31[5]Klapa S et al. Decreased endothelin receptor A autoantibody levels are associated with early ischaemic events in patients with giant-cell arteritis.Ann Rheum Dis2019 Oct;78(19):1443-1444Disclosure of Interests:Sebastian Klapa Grant/research support from: Actelion, Consultant of: Pfizer, Abbvie, Antje Müller: None declared, Andreas Koch: None declared, Anja Kerstein-Staehle: None declared, Wataru Kaehler: None declared, Harald Heidecke Shareholder of: Cell Trend GmbH, Employee of: Cell Trend GmbH, Speakers bureau: Cell Trend GmbH, Susanne Schinke Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Markus Huber-Lang: None declared, Martin Nitschke: None declared, Silke Pitann: None declared, Christian Karsten: None declared, Gabriela Riemekasten Consultant of: Cell Trend GmbH, Janssen, Actelion, Boehringer Ingelheim, Speakers bureau: Actelion, Novartis, Janssen, Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer, Peter Lamprecht: None declared
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Benesova, K., L. Diekmann, M. Czaja, K. Jordan, J. Leipe, and H. M. Lorenz. "SAT0578 RHEUMAL REGISTRY PROVIDES FIRST INSIGHTS INTO MUTUAL INTERDEPENDENCIES BETWEEN RHEUMATIC AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES AND MALIGNANCIES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1248.2–1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3815.
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Background:Knowledge about interdependencies between rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) and malignancies is limited on the clinical and molecular level. Particularly, valid prospective data on the timely association of malignancies in patients with RMDs and treatment of the latter are sparse.Objectives:Due to the heterogeneous patient population, a registry-based study has been conducted in order to provide insights into mutual interdependencies and novel evidence for suitable clinical management of patients with concomitant RMD and malignancies.Methods:The RheuMal registry is a long-term, open-end observational study designed to address the specific situation of patients suffering from concomitant RMD and concomitant malignancy and/or premalignant conditions. The RheuMal registry is one of the three subregistries of the MalheuR project, a registry-based study initiated in July 2018 at the at the university hospital Heidelberg, Germany.Results:Data from the RheuMal registry (n=404) show an earlier onset of gender-specific cancers and malignant melanoma in RMD patients compared to data from the German Cancer Registry Data of the Robert-Koch-Institute: compared to the reference population, in RMD patients breast cancer (n=32) occurred 5.3 years and prostate cancer (n=16) 3.3 years earlier. Onset of malignant melanoma was 2.4 years earlier in females (n=9) and 1.1 years in males (n=7) with concomitant RMD. The mean latency between the initial diagnosis of the RMD and the later occurring malignant condition was 10.2 years. The diagnosis of the malignancy frequently led to a change or interruption of disease-modifying antirheumatic therapy in RMDs.Conclusion:The RheuMal registry offers first insights into interdependencies between RMDs and malignancies based on demographic data, disease characteristics, clinical management and outcome as well as correlation of specific diagnoses and therapies. The earlier onset of gender-specific cancers and malignant melanoma suggests differences in the epidemiology and course of the malignant disease in RMD patients compared to a healthy reference population, suggesting interdependency between the two disease entities. Future research will focus on further understanding of this interdependency und the underlying molecular mechanisms.Disclosure of Interests:Karolina Benesova Grant/research support from: Study grants for SCREENED study by Abbvie, Novartis and Rheumaliga Baden-Württemberg, Consultant of: One-time participation in Novartis advisory board., Leonore Diekmann: None declared, Maria Czaja: None declared, Karin Jordan Consultant of: Consultancy and/or speaker fees: MSD, Merck, Amgen, Hexal, Riemser, Helsinn, Tesaro, Kreussler, Voluntis, Pfizer, Pomme-med., Jan Leipe Grant/research support from: Consultancy and speaker fees: Abbvie, AstraZeneca, BMS, Celgene, Hospira, Janssen-Cilag, LEO Pharma, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, UCB. Scientific support: Novartis, Pfizer., Consultant of: Consultancy and speaker fees: Abbvie, AstraZeneca, BMS, Celgene, Hospira, Janssen-Cilag, LEO Pharma, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, UCB. Scientific support: Novartis, Pfizer., Speakers bureau: Abbvie, AstraZeneca, BMS, Celgene, Hospira, Janssen-Cilag, LEO Pharma, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, UCB, Hanns-Martin Lorenz Grant/research support from: Consultancy and/or speaker fees and/or travel reimbursements: Abbvie, MSD, BMS, Pfizer, Celgene, Medac, GSK, Roche, Chugai, Novartis, UCB, Janssen-Cilag, Astra-Zeneca, Lilly. Scientific support and/or educational seminars and/or clinical studies: Abbvie, MSD, BMS, Pfizer, Celgene, Medac, GSK, Roche, Chugai, Novartis, UCB, Janssen-Cilag, Astra-Zeneca, Lilly, Baxter, SOBI, Biogen, Actelion, Bayer Vital, Shire, Octapharm, Sanofi, Hexal, Mundipharm, Thermo Fisher., Consultant of: see above
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FEUERSTEIN, SHIRLEY CUNHA, NATÁLIA MOSSMANN KOCH, FABIANE LUCHETA, VERA MARIA FERRÃO VARGAS, and ROSA MARA BORGES DA SILVEIRA. "A new species of Graphis (Graphidaceae: Lichenized Ascomycota) and a revised key of the genus in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil." Phytotaxa 289, no. 3 (December 29, 2016): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.7.
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(A new species of Graphis [Graphidaceae: Lichenized Ascomycota] and a revised key of the genus in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil). In this paper we describe a new species of the lichen genus Graphis, namely G. suzanae Koch & Feuerstein. This species is characterized mainly by lirellae with entire labia, a partially exposed disc with orange pigment in the epithecium, a lateral thalline margin, a laterally carbonized excipulum, a clear hymenium, and transversely septate ascospores measuring 40–44 × 8–10 μm. The chemistry of the species was assessed through TLC analysis. A complete key with G. suzanae and 56 more species of Graphis that where previously recorded to the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, is included.
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Henriksen, N. "Systematic 1:500 000 mapping and regional geological studies in central and western North Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 125 (December 31, 1985): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v125.7881.
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The first season of the two-year field mapping programme in central and western North Greenland was carried out from June to August 1984. The investigations are a continuation of the 1978-1980 mapping programme in the Peary Land region, adjoining the present area to the east. One of the main aims of the regional geological studies in the present programme is the production of a 1:500 000 map sheet of the area between J. P. Koch Fjord (c.400W) in the east and north-easternmost Washington Land (65°W) in the west; the southem boundary of the map sheet is latitude 81°N, although the Inland Ice in most of the region forms the southern margin of the rock outcrop. A special source rock project (Christiansen & Rolle, this report), financed by the Danish Ministry of Energy, was fully integrated with the mapping programme.
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Aranha, Marize Barros Rocha, and Evaldo Carlos De Oliveira Cardoso. "IDENTIDADE, REFERENCIAÇÃO E TEXTO DIGITAL: UMA ANÁLISE LINGUÍSTICO-DISCURSIVA." Organon 33, no. 64 (July 4, 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2238-8915.81163.
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RESUMO: Ao articularmos os pressupostos teóricos da referenciação à questão da identidade e texto digital, mostraremos que essa tríplice relação é possível numa perspectiva de análise linguística e discursiva. Para tanto, fazemos uma breve abordagem sobre a trajetória evolutiva da Linguística Textual, com foco na referenciação, processo fundamental para a construção do sentido do texto; discutimos acerca da identidade do sujeito, a partir dos processos referenciais, enfatizando a construção dos objetos de discurso; também discorremos sobre o texto digital e suas características, centrando-nos na rede social Facebook como espaço de escrita do texto digital. O aporte teórico é constituído pelos seguintes autores: Araújo e Leffa (2016), Antunes (2010 e 2017), Barton e Lee (2015), Cavalcante (2003, 2012, 2013 e 2014), Charaudeau (2012), Hall (1999), Koch (2010, 2014, 2015 e 2017), Martins (2016), Mondada e Dubois (2016), Roncarati (2010), Shepherd e Saliés (2013) e Silva (2007).Palavras-chave: Identidade; Referenciação; Texto digital; Discurso.
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Peel, John S. "An outer shelf shelly fauna from Cambrian Series 2 (Stage 4) of North Greenland (Laurentia)." Journal of Paleontology 95, S83 (April 2021): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2020.112.
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AbstractAn assemblage of 50 species of small shelly fossils is described from Cambrian Series 2 (Stage 4) strata in North Greenland, the present day northernmost part of the paleocontinent of Laurentia. The fossils are derived from the basal member of the Aftenstjernesø Formation at Navarana Fjord, northern Lauge Koch Land, a condensed unit that accumulated in a sediment-starved outer ramp setting in the transarctic Franklinian Basin, on the Innuitian margin of Laurentia. Most other small shelly fossil assemblages of similar age and composition from North America are described from the Iapetan margin of Laurentia, from North-East Greenland south to Pennsylvania. Trilobites are uncommon, but includeSerrodiscus. The Australian bradoriidSpinospitellais represented by a complete shield.Obolella crassais the only common brachiopod. Hyoliths, includingCassitella,Conotheca,Neogloborilus, andTriplicatella, are abundant and diverse, but most are represented just by opercula. Sclerites interpreted as stem-group aculiferans (sachitids) are conspicuous, includingQaleruaqia, the oldest described paleoloricate,Ocruranus?,Inughuitoconusn. gen., andHippopharangites. Helcionelloid mollusks are diverse, but not common; they are associated with numerous specimens of the bivalvePojetaia runnegari. The fauna compares best with that of the upper Bastion Formation of North-East Greenland, the Forteau Formation of western Newfoundland, and the Browns Pond Formation of New York, but several taxa have a world-wide distribution. Many specimens are encrusted with crystals of authigenic albite. New species:Anabarella?navaranae,Stenotheca?higginsi,Figurina?polaris,Hippopharangites groenlandicus,Inughuitoconus borealis, andOcruranus?kangerluk.UUID:http://zoobank.org/160a17b1-3166-4fcf-9849-a3cabd1e04a3
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SUÁREZ-MORALES, E. "A new species of Eucyclops Claus (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) from Southeast Mexico with a key for the identification of the species recorded in Mexico." Zootaxa 617, no. 1 (August 27, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.617.1.1.
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Eucyclops torresphilipi sp. nov. is described from samples collected in the state of Chiapas, on the southeastern Pacific coast of Mexico. It belongs to a group of species similar to the presumably cosmopolitan E. agilis (Koch, 1838). The new species is closest to the South American E. delachauxi (Kiefer, 1925); it can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters that include a fifth leg with a particularly slender inner spiniform seta that is as long as the outer seta, the caudal rami has spinules covering up to of the outer margin, caudal rami over 4 times longer than wide, the relative length of the dorsal seta, and the proportion of the terminal spines of the third exopodal segment of the fourth legs. Only nine other nominal species of Eucyclops have been recorded in Mexico; nearly half of them are known also from South America. The new species seems to have a restricted distributional range; however, it could be present also in Guatemala. Its morphological affinity with South American forms confirms the influence of the South American cyclopoid fauna in Mexico. A key for the identification of the species of Eucyclops recorded in Mexico is included.
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Ardenghi, Nicola M. G., and Gabriele Galasso. "Lectotypification of the name Alnus brembana (Betulaceae), a controversial Alpine endemic species." Phytotaxa 233, no. 1 (October 30, 2015): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.233.1.10.
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Alnus brembana Rota (1853: 102, 79) (Betulaceae) was described by Italian botanist Lorenzo Rota (1819−1855) within his flora of the province of Bergamo (Rota 1853). Since its publication, the treatment of this taxon as an autonomous species did not reach a general agreement among botanists, as it was often recongnized at different taxonomic ranks, e.g. a variety or a subspecies (see e.g., Regel 1865, Parlatore 1868, Cesati et al. 1872, Arcangeli 1882, Fiori 1923, Schmidt 1996), or a synonym of A. alnobetula (Ehrhart 1783: 193) Koch (1872: 625). Some contemporary authors (Landolt 1993, 2010, Martini et al. 2012) still recognize the species as a local endemic to the southern Alps. Most current European floras and checklists (see e.g., Ball 1964, Pignatti 1982, Greuter et al. 1984, Ball 1993, Aeschimann et al. 2004, Conti et al. 2005, Euro+Med 2006 onwards) do however list it as a synonym of A. alnobetula subsp. alnobetula or its synonym A. viridis (Chaix 1785: 70) Candolle in Candolle & Lamarck (1805: 304). Its separation from A. alnobetula is questionable, since, as stated by Landolt (1993) himself, transitional forms occur within their alleged distribution areas.
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BARAHOEI, HOSSEIN, SEYED MASSOUD MADJDZADEH, and MOHSEN MEHRPARVAR. "Morphometric differentiation of five biotypes of Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) in Iran." Zootaxa 2745, no. 1 (January 20, 2011): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2745.1.3.
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Morphometric analyses were carried out on five biotypes of Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) associated with five host aphid species, Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis fabae Scopoli, Aphis gossypii Glover, Brachyunguis zygophylli (Nevsky) and Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner). Sixteen morphological characters were measured on female specimens of L. fabarum. Two multivariate discriminant analyses, discriminant function analysis and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean cluster analysis, were employed to discriminate among L. fabarum biotypes on a morphological basis. Both discriminant function analysis and cluster analysis revealed significant morphological differences. Specimens of L. fabarum reared on Melanaphis sacchari/ Sorghum halepense association showed clear differentiation from other L. fabarum biotypes. A stepwise discriminant function analysis selected Distance between R1-R2 junction and outer margin of wing, Metacarpus length, Width of first tergit, Basal vein length and Femur length that showed the highest contribution to the separation of host-adapted biotypes. A dendrogram of the cluster analysis based on data of squared Euclidean distances classified biotypes in different groups. This study demonstrates that morphometric analysis of morphological characters can efficiently discriminate among host-associated groups based on size variation and clearly separate biotypes of L. fabarum. We concluded that L. fabarum biotypes are not homogeneous morphological entities, and represent different host-associated forms.
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Lersten, Nels R., and Harry T. Horner. "Calcium oxalate crystals in tribe Galegeae (Leguminosae) including foliar crystal macropattern development in Caragana frutex." Canadian Journal of Botany 85, no. 4 (April 2007): 394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b07-032.
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Galegeae was reported in 1987 to be unique among papilionoid tribes because calcium oxalate crystals were shown to be mostly lacking. We surveyed leaves of 45 species from 20 genera, mostly from herbarium specimens. A living species ( Caragana frutex (L.) K. Koch) with crystals was also studied developmentally, important because only three other species have been similarly studied. Herbarium specimens and various stages of C. frutex leaflets were bleached, dehydrated, cleared in alcohol–xylol, and made permanent. Freehand sections of C. frutex were mounted in glycerine. Crystals were detected microscopically and are generally lacking among Galegeae genera. This supports tentative contemporary opinion that the tribe is unnatural. Crystals provide new, potentially useful systematic data. Variously differing unicellular trichomes were also described in the survey. Caragana frutex leaflets have a previously undescribed macropattern development: crystals form only along veins, except for late-season prisms in scattered palisade parenchyma. Crystals form progressively base to apex, first following along successive major veins from midvein to margin and then in later-developing smaller veins, progressing acropetally. The midvein remains almost crystal-free until leaflets are at or near full size. Crystal macropattern development in C. frutex leaflets suggests that crystallization may be influenced by the whole organ, as well as by individual cells.
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King, Daniel J., Grant L. Harley, Justin T. Maxwell, Karen J. Heeter, Benjamin J. Vandermyde, and Robert J. Cosgriff. "Floodplain forest structure and the recent decline of Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch (northern pecan) at its northern latitudinal range margin, Upper Mississippi River System, USA." Forest Ecology and Management 496 (September 2021): 119454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119454.
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Wells, M. Lenny. "Pecan Tree Productivity, Fruit Quality, and Nutrient Element Status using Clover and Poultry Litter as Alternative Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources." HortScience 47, no. 7 (July 2012): 927–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.7.927.
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The recent increase in the cost of synthetic fertilizer dramatically reduces the profit margin for pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] producers. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of clover and poultry litter on the orchard soil, horticultural, and nut quality parameters of pecan in the southeastern United States. The following treatments were evaluated; 1) crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.); 2) poultry litter; 3) crimson clover + poultry litter; 4) ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3); and 5) untreated control. Application of poultry litter with or without clover often led to higher soil phosphorous (P) and potassium (K). Poultry litter application with and without clover led to higher leaf P in the final year of study. The recurring low pecan leaf K in the presence of clover without additional K application suggests that K nutrition may be especially important in orchards where clover is used. Clover and/or clover + litter occasionally led to enhanced pecan leaf concentrations of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). Over the course of the study, yields were more consistent from year to year in the clover, litter, and clover + litter treatments, as indicated by the low alternate bearing intensity (I) from 2008 to 2011. Leaf elemental tissue analysis, pecan yield, and quality indicate that poultry litter and clover provide adequate nitrogen (N) nutrition for pecan production.
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Agerer, Reinhard, and Neale L. Bougher. "Amaurodon aquicoeruleus (Thelephoraceae, Hymenomycetes, Basidiomycota), a new species from Australia with spores distinctly blue in water." Australian Systematic Botany 14, no. 4 (2001): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb00030.
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Amaurodon aquicoeruleussp. nov. from Australia is characterised by rough, subglobose, bright blue spores and blue subiculum hyphae when mounted in water or KOH. No other species of Amaurodon with blue spores in water have been reported. Amaurodon aquicoeruleus has a green hymenium and superficially resembles A. viridis.Amaurodon aquicoeruleus possesses thin rhizomorphs that are formed by runner hyphae with clamp connections and by other, simple septate hyphae. This contrasts with the consistently clamp-bearing basidia and hyphae of the trama and subiculum. Rhizomorph formation is similar to the boletoid rhizomorph type but atypical of the closely related genus Tomentella. Discrete masses of structurally undamaged, mature basidiospores on the hymenium and at the fruit body margin of A. aquicoeruleus may be deposited by grazing insects.
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Gao, Pin, M. Santosh, M. Nakagawa, and Shan‐Shan Li. "Ocean island basalts and sedimentary units in the accretionary complex of Kochi, SW Japan: Implications for convergent margin tectonics and arc subduction." Geological Journal 55, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 533–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.3436.
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Bohbot, Jean-Marc, Eric Vicaut, Didier Fagnen, and Michel Brauman. "Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Randomised Phase III Study Comparing Secnidazole and Metronidazole." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2010 (2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/705692.
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Objective. Multiple-dose metronidazole oral therapy is currently the reference treatment for bacterial vaginosis (BV). This double-blind, double-dummy, noninferiority study compared the efficacy of secnidazole, another nitroimidazole with pharmacokinetics allowing a single dose regimen, to this standard treatment.Methods. A total of 577 patients were randomized to receive metronidazole (500 mg, b.i.d for seven days) or secnidazole (2 g, once). Therapeutic cure at D28 was defined as the resolution of vaginal discharge, positive KOH whiff test, vaginal pH>4.5and Nugent score>7on Gram-stained vaginal fluid.Results. According to this primary endpoint, the single-dose secnidazole regimen was shown to be at least as effective as the multiple-dose metronidazole regimen (60.1% cured women vs59.5% , 95% confidence interval with a noninferiority margin of 10%:[−0.082;0.0094]). Safety profiles were comparable in both groups.Conclusion. The secnidazole regimen studied represents an effective, convenient therapeutic alternative that clinicians should consider in routine practice.
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KAMIŃSKI, MARCIN JAN. "MARCIN JAN KAMIŃSKI (2013) Taxonomy and distribution of the Afrotropical genus Anchophthalmops Koch, 1956 with a key to species (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini). Zootaxa, 3709(6): 501–523." Zootaxa 3737, no. 5 (November 22, 2013): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3737.5.8.
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Bakel, M. A., R. Borofsky, Andrew Beatty, J. A. Feldman et al., A. G. Beek, Christian F. Feest, N. Bootsma, et al. "Book Reviews." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 146, no. 4 (1990): 476–529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003215.
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- M.A. van Bakel, R. Borofsky, Making history; Pukapukan and anthropological constructions of knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 201 pp.; ill. - Andrew Beatty, J.A. Feldman et al., Nias, tribal treasures: Cosmic reflections in stone, wood and gold, Delft: Volkenkundig Museum Nusantara, 1990. - A.G. van Beek, Christian F. Feest, Technologie und ergologie in der Völkerkunde, Band 2, Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Ethnologische Paperbacks, 1989. xiv, 290 pp., Alfred Janata (eds.) - N. Bootsma, Bernhard Dahm, José Rizal, Der nationalheld der Filipinos, Zürich: Munster-Schmidt Verlag Göttingen, 1988, 88 pp. - Aart G. Broek, John de Pool, Bolívar op / en Curaçoa: Historische novelle / leyende histórico [Inleiding door / introducción del L.W. Statius van Eps en / y E. Luckmann-Levy Maduro; vertaling uit het Spaans door L. Hoetink-Espinal], Zutphen: De Walburg Pers, 1988. - Martin van Bruinessen, Peter Kloos, Door het oog van de antropoloog: Botsende visies bij heronderzoek. Muiderberg: Dick Coutinho, 1988, 148 pp. - J.G. de Casparis, Charles Higham, The Archaeology of mainland Southeast Asia. From 10,000 B.C. to the fall of Angkor. Cambridge World Archaeology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. - H.J.M. Claessen, Luc de Heusch, Ecrits sur la royauté sacrée. Brussel, Institut de Sociologie: Editions de l’Université de Bruxelles. 1987. 314 pp. - H. Dagmar, Erich Kolig, The Noonkanbah Story, Dunedin: University of Otago Press, 1987. - Anke van Dijke, Linda Terpstra, Anil Ramdas, De strijd van de dansers; Biografische vertellingen uit Curaçao, Amsterdam: SUA, 1988. - B.F. Galjart, Hans-Dieter Evers, Strategische gruppen. Vergleichende studien zu staat, bürokratie und klassenbildung in der dritten welt. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1988, 279 pp., Tilman Schiel (eds.) - J. Hoffenaar, G. Teitler, Anatomie van de Indische defensie: Scenario’s, plannen, beleid 1892-1920. [Anatomy of the defence of the Netherlands East Indies: Scenarios, plans, policy 1892-1920], Amsterdam: Van Soeren, 1988, 482 pp. - Rudy de Jongh, Sjoerd Rienk Jaarsma, Waarneming en interpretatie. Vergaring en gebruik van ethnografische informatie in Nederlands Nieuw-Guinea (1950-1962). Utrecht: Interdisiplinair Sociaal Wetenschappelijk Onderzoekinstituut Rijksuniversiteit, 1990. 247 pp. English summary. - Ward Keeler, J.Joseph Errington, Structure and style in Javanese: A semiotic view of linguistic etiquette, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988, 290 pp. - Ank Klomp, Raymond T. Smith, Kinship and class in the West Indies; A genealogical study of Jamaica and Guyana, Cambridge etc.: Cambridge Studies in Social Anthropology, Cambridge University Press, 1988. - G.J. Knaap, A.H.P. Clemens, Het belang van de Buitengewesten; Economische expansie en koloniale staatsvorming in de Buitengewesten van Nederlands-Indië 1870-1942, NEHA-series III, deel 7, Amsterdam: NEHA, viii + 306 pp. 1989., J.Th. Lindblad (eds.) - Jaap de Moor, E.S. van Eyck van Heslinga, Van compagnie naar koopvaardij; De scheepvaartverbinding van de Bataafse Republiek met de koloniën in Azië 1795-1806, Amsterdam: De Bataafsche Leeuw, 1988. [Hollandse Historische Reeks, no. IX.] 320 pp., kaart, ills., tabellen, bibliografie, index. - Otto van den Muijzenberg, Jean-Claude Lejosne, Le journal de voyage de G. van Wuysthoff et de ses assistants au Laos (1641-1642), Metz: Editions du Centre de Documentation du Cercle de Culture et de Recherches Laotiennes, 1987. 370 pp., 3 indices, bibliography, maps, illustrations. - Gert J. Oostindie, M.J. van den Blink, Olie op de golven; De betrekkingen tussen Nederland/Curaçao en Venezuela gedurende de eerste helft van de twintigste eeuw, Amsterdam: De Bataafsche Leeuw, 1988, 128 pp. - Rien Ploeg, Robert M. Hill II, Continuities in highland Maya social organisation, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, xxii + 176 pp., 1987., John Monaghan (eds.) - Harry A. Poeze, Takashi Shiraishi, An age in motion; Popular radicalism in Java, 1912-1926, Ithaca/London: Cornell University Press, 1990. xxiv + 365 pp. - Rob de Ridder, Willem F.H. Adelaar, Het boek van Huarochirí. Mythen en riten van het Oude Peru, Amsterdam: Meulenhoff, 1988, 150 pp., - Marie-Odette Scalliet, Peter Carey, A.A.J. Payen: Journal de mon voyage à Jogja Karta en 1825. The outbreak of the Java War (1825-30) as seen by a painter, Cahier d’Archipel 17, Paris 1988. XIV + 183 pp., 17 ill., 3 maps. - Matthew Schoffeleers, Marion Melk-Koch, Auf der Suche nach der menschlichen Gesellschaft: Richard Thurnwald, Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, 1989. 352 pp., maps, photographs and Thurnwald bibliography. - Matthew Schoffeleers, Peter Metcalf, Where are you / Spirits? Style and theme in Berawan prayer, Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989, 345 pp. - J.W. Schoorl, J.F.L.M. Cornelissen, Pater en Papoea; Ontmoeting van de Missionarissen van het Heileg Hart met de cultuur der Papoea’s van Nederlands Zuid-Nieuw-Guinea (1905-1963), Kampen: Kok, 1988, XIV + 256 pp. - Alex van Stipriaan, Jo Derkx, Suriname; A bibliography, 1980-1989, Leiden: KITLV (Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology), Department of Caribbean studies, 1990, 297 pp., Irene Rolfes (eds.) - A.A. Trouwborst, Th. Schweizer (Hg), Netzwerkanalyse; Ethnologische perspektiven, Berlin: Dietrich Reimerverlag, 1989, VIII, 229 pp. - Hans Vermeulen, Brian Juan O’Neill, Social inequality in a Portugese hamlet; Land, late marriage and bastardy, 1870-1978, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 431 pp. 1987. - C.W. Watson, Hendrick M.J. Maier, In the center of authority. The Malay Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa, Ithaca: Southeast Asia program, Studies on Southeast Asia , 1988. 210 pp. - Neil Lancelot Whitehead, Edmundo Magaña, Orión y la mujer Pléyades. Simbolismo astronómico de los indios kaliña de Surinam, Dordrecht/Providence: Foris, 1988. [CEDLA Latin American studies series 44.] 373 pp. - J.J. de Wolf, Meyer Fortes, Religion, morality and the person: Essays on Tallensi religion, edited and with an introduction by Jack Goody. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
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LIU, ZHAN-BO, and YUAN YUAN. "Luteoporia citriniporia sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota), evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis." Phytotaxa 461, no. 1 (September 30, 2020): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.461.1.4.
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A new poroid wood-inhabiting fungus in the Polyporales, Luteoporia citriniporia sp. nov., is described from Sri Lanka based on morphological and molecular evidence. L. citriniporia is characterized by an annual growth habit; resupinate basidiocarps with lemon yellow pores when fresh becoming buff to clay pink upon drying, a distinct snow white and fimbriate sterile margin, tissues becoming pink in KOH, a monomitic hyphal system, generative hyphae thin- to distinctly thick-walled, usually encrusted with fine yellow crystals, and oblong-ellipsoid to subcylindrical basidiospores measuring 3.4–4.2 × 1.8–2.1 µm. The phylogenetic analysis based on ITS + nLSU rDNA sequences shows that the new species belongs to Luteoporia, forming a monophyletic lineage with strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP) and is closely related to L. albomarginata; the lineage groups with Crustodontia chrysocreas, Phlebiporia bubalina and Mycoacia uda. Both morphological and molecular characters confirm the placement of the new species in Luteoporia.
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Girardin, Martin-Philippe, Jacques Tardif, and Yves Bergeron. "Dynamics of eastern larch stands and its relationships with larch sawfly outbreaks in the northern Clay Belt of Quebec." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-185.
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Climate change, fires, and insects outbreaks can affect eastern larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) stand dynamics. To determine which of these factors had the greatest influence on stand dynamics, we sampled four wetlands dominated by larch on the margin of Lake Duparquet in the northern Clay Belt of Quebec. The ages of seedlings, saplings, and trees were determined in twelve 400-m2 plots. Increment cores were taken at breast height to determine past disturbance episodes related, among others, to larch sawfly (Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig)) activity. Stem analysis was conducted using larch and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) for identification of post-disturbance releases in height growth. Analyses at the stand and cluster levels showed that larch age structures were characterized by many unsynchronized establishment periods. In addition, a seedlings bank not much older than 10 years characterized many plots. Two larch sawfly outbreak episodes (18951912 and 19551962) identified by tree-ring and stem analysis were associated with larch establishment. A smaller outbreak in the late 1970s could also have contributed to the initiation of establishment in one stand. Our results suggest that the length (severity) of an outbreak may be a critical factor in explaining the different patterns of establishment observed in these stands. During a severe outbreak, larch establishment may occur mainly from surviving stems (increased seed production), whereas during a mild outbreak, larch establishment may occur from increased survival of pre-established seedlings and saplings. Further studies on the distribution of gaps within larch stands may provide better information on the pattern of mortality (gap dynamics) during an outbreak and may help to better understand larch establishment in these stands.
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Kapur, Ajay, David Barbee, Yijan Cao, Abolghassem Jamshidi, and Louis Potters. "Policy and procedure manuals: Does existence imply standardization in practice?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 30_suppl (October 20, 2014): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.30_suppl.275.
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275 Background: Patient safety organizations recommend the use of policy and procedure manuals (PPM) to effectuate standards and guidelines in practice. In this work we explored inter-physicist variability in the interpretation of five established physics policies amongst physicists in our department. Methods: The policies for treatment planning, 2nd physics checks, 1st day physics checks, weekly chart checks and final physics checks were reviewed by members of the quality management team in our department. Specific definitive statements were extracted into a spreadsheet and provided to 11 physicists and 6 dosimetrists. The intent was to obtain individual responses on adherence to the statements and thereby assess the level of standardization in perception and practice amongst the staff using free-margin kappa statistics. The responses were limited to affirmation, rejection or non-applicability. A total of 732 responses were assessed. Results: Based on the Landis-and-Koch criteria for interpretation of kappa values, the consistency amongst the respondents varied from moderate (0.40-0.60) to good (0.60-0.80). The kappa scores for the statements assessed were 0.56 for treatment planning, 0.64 for second physics check, 0.70 for the first day physics check, 0.54 for the weekly physics check and 0.73 for the final physics check. Conclusions: Validating the effectiveness of PPMs by measuring uniformity in staff interpretation is an important step in establishing their effectiveness. Mere existence of a PPM may not be sufficient. This work demonstrated reasonable uniformity of interpretation of existing policies, but underscored the need for further improvement. The review of specific policy statements with weaker consensus may lead to more effective revisions and in-servicing to enhance clarity and reduce ambiguity, re-testable using the same approach. Absence of validation will tend to retain ambiguity, thereby rendering the policy not as effective as it could be.
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KOTOV, ALEXEY A., HYUN GI JEONG, and WONCHOEL LEE. "Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of the south-east of the Korean Peninsula, with twenty new records for Korea." Zootaxa 3368, no. 1 (July 4, 2012): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3368.1.4.
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We studied the cladocerans from 15 different freshwater bodies in south-east of the Korean Peninsula. Twenty species are first records for Korea, viz. 1. Sida ortiva Korovchinsky, 1979; 2. Pseudosida cf. szalayi (Daday, 1898); 3. Scapholeberis kingi Sars, 1888; 4. Simocephalus congener (Koch, 1841); 5. Moinodaphnia macleayi (King, 1853); 6. Ilyocryptus cuneatus Štifter, 1988; 7. Ilyocryptus cf. raridentatus Smirnov, 1989; 8. Ilyocryptus spinifer Herrick, 1882; 9. Macrothrix pennigera Shen, Sung & Chen, 1961; 10. Macrothrix triserialis Brady, 1886; 11. Bosmina (Sinobosmina) fatalis Burckhardt, 1924; 12. Chydorus irinae Smirnov & Sheveleva, 2010; 13. Disparalona ikarus Kotov & Sinev, 2011; 14. Ephemeroporus cf. barroisi (Richard, 1894); 15. Camptocercus uncinatus Smirnov, 1971; 16. Camptocercus vietnamensis Than, 1980; 17. Kurzia (Rostrokurzia) longirostris (Daday, 1898); 18. Leydigia (Neoleydigia) acanthocercoides (Fischer, 1854); 19. Monospilus daedalus Kotov & Sinev, 2011; 20. Nedorchynchotalona chiangi Kotov & Sinev, 2011. Most of them are illustrated and briefly redescribed from newly collected material. We also provide illustrations of four taxa previously recorded from Korea: Sida crystallina (O.F. Müller, 1776); Macrothrix rosea (Jurine, 1820); Bosmina (Bosmina) longirostris (O. F. Müller, 1776) and Disparalona cf. hamata (Birge, 1879). Among the newly recorded taxa, there are six Far East endemics; five tropicopolitan species for which the Amur basin is the northernmost margin of their distribution; four tropicopolitan species for which Korea is presumed to be the northern most area of their distribution; two Palaearctic taxa for which Korea could be the southern most area of their distribution; two cosmopolitan species which need to be revised; and one species widely distributed in Eastern Asia. Despite significantly increasing the number of known species of cladocerans in Korea, we recognize that further research is needed to complete the picture, and the cosmopolitan taxa need further revision.
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Sepahi, Ali, Hossein Shahbazi, Wolfgang Siebel, and Ahmad Ranin. "Geochronology of plutonic rocks from the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, Iran and new zircon and titanite U-Th-Pb ages for granitoids from the Marivan pluton." Geochronometria 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13386-013-0156-z.
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Abstract The Sanandaj-Sirjan zone of Iran is a metamorphic belt consisting of rocks which were metamorphosed under different pressure and temperature conditions and intruded by various plutons ranging in composition from gabbro to granite. The majority of these granitoids formed along the ancient active continental margin of the Neo-Tethyan ocean at the southeastern edge of the central Iranian microplate. Geochronological data published in recent years indicate periodic plutonism lasting from Carboniferous through Mesozoic to late-Paleogene times (from ca. 300 to ca. 35 Ma) with climax activity during the mid- and late-Jurassic. The age constraints for plutonic complexes, such as Siah-Kouh, Kolah-Ghazi, Golpayegan (Muteh), Azna, Aligoodarz, Astaneh, Borujerd, Malayer (Samen), Alvand, Almogholagh, Ghorveh, Saqqez, Marivan, Naqadeh and Urumieh, clearly indicate the periodic nature of magmatism. Therefore, the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone preserves the record of magmatic activity of a complete orogenic cycle related to (1) Permocarboniferous(?) rifting of Gondwana and opening of the Neo-Tethyan ocean, (2) subduction of the oceanic crust, (3) continental collision and (4) post-collision/post-orogenic activities. The formation of the Marivan granitoids, northwestern Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, for which we present U-Pb zircon and titanite ages of ca. 38 Ma, can be related to the collisional and post-collisional stages of this orogenic cycle.
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Vaidya, Bhumika, Ravinder Kumar, Gunjan Sharma, Tanuku Naga Radha Srinivas, and Pinnaka Anil Kumar. "Xanthomarina gelatinilytica gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from seawater." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_11 (November 1, 2015): 3926–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.000515.
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A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented, non-sporulating, non-motile bacterium, designated strain AK20T, was isolated from seawater collected from Kochi city, Kerala state, India. Colonies on marine agar were circular, yellow, shiny, translucent, 2–3 mm in diameter, convex and with entire margin. Flexirubin-type pigment was present. The fatty acids were dominated by iso-branched units with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH. Polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and four unidentified lipids. Menaquinone 6 (MK-6) was the predominant respiratory quinone. The DNA G+C content of strain AK20T was 38.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain AK20T was closely related to Formosa spongicola A2T and Bizionia paragorgiae KMM 6029T (pair-wise sequence similarities of 95.9 and 95.7 %, respectively), forming a distinct branch within the family Flavobacteriaceae and clustering with the clade comprising species of the genus Bizionia. Based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, strain AK20T is different from the existing genera in the family Flavobacteriaceae, and is therefore considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Xanthomarina gelatinilytica gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Xanthomarina gelatinilytica is AK20T ( = MTCC 11705T = JCM 18821T).
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KOMAI, TOMOYUKI, HIROYUKI YOKOOKA, YUMI HENMI, and GYO ITANI. "A new genus for “Neocallichirus” grandis Karasawa & Goda, 1996, a ghost shrimp species (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae) heretofore known only by fossil materials." Zootaxa 4604, no. 3 (May 15, 2019): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4604.3.4.
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A new genus of the family Callianassidae, Laticallichirus, is established for “Neocallichirus” grandis Karasawa & Goda, 1996, a ghost shrimp species heretofore represented only by fossil materials from the middle to upper Pleistocene of Japan. The newly collected specimens came from two Japanese localities: Numazu, Shizuoka Prefecture (Suruga Bay) and Tosa, Kochi Prefecture (Tosa Bay), included within the known geographical range derived from fossil records. The species identification was based on the close agreement in the cheliped morphology and the known fossil distributions. The new genus is assigned to the subfamily Callichirinae Manning & Felder, 1991, and compared with seven genera, Balsscallichirus Sakai, 2011, Callichirus Stimpson, 1866, Callichiropsis Sakai, 2010, Grynaminna Poore, 2000, Michaelcallianassa Sakai, 2002, Lepidophthalmus Holmes, 1904 and Podocallichirus Sakai, 1999, all characterized by the antennular peduncle being longer and stouter than the antennal peduncle. The new genus is characteristic in combination of the following characters: rostrum spiniform; maxilliped 3 devoid of exopod; ischium-merus of maxilliped 3 broadly operculiform; maxilliped 3 ischium devoid of crista dentata; major cheliped devoid of meral hook or associated lobe-like structure; tergites of the pleomeres 3–5 without conspicuous ornamentation; male pleopod 2 biramous, its endopod devoid of appendices interna and masculina; uropodal endopod suboval in shape; telson distinctly wider than long, with shallowly concave posterior margin. The genetic analysis using the mitochondrial 16S rRNA places the new genus as sister to Callichirus Stimpson, 1866, although bootstrap support for major branches is generally low. The newly collected specimens were found in burrows in soft sediments of shallow subtidal zone being accessible at low tide.
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Reza Arlas, Muhammad, and Petty Purwanita. "Fortified Fluconazole Eyedrops for Treatment of Culvularia Corneal Ulcer." Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology 3, no. 2 (November 23, 2020): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/sjo.v3i2.45.
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Abstract
Introduction. Fungal keratitis is less common than bacterial keratitis, generally representing less than 5%–10% of corneal infections in reported clinical series in the United States. But in developing countries (Ghana, India, China) it accounts for more than 90% of the cases. Corneal trauma by plant or vegetative material is the leading risk factor for fungal keratitis. One or more topical antifungals are usually administered with systemic support of oral antifungals. The most common classes of antifungal used for medical therapy include the polyenes, azoles, and the echinocandins.
Case Illustration. A 47-year-old male presented with a widening white patch on his left eye since 4 days before coming to our hospital. The left eye was injured by wood flakes 3 weeks ago. He felt a sore, red, watery left eye and blurred vision. He washed his eyes with betel leaf water. His left eye visual acuity was 1/60 and not improved with pinhole. There were blepharospasm, ciliary and conjunctival injection. Corneal examination showed a cloudy cornea, a central corneal defect sized 8x6 mm with an irregular margin, 2/3 to stromal depth, infiltrate, satellite lesion, and positive fluorescein staining at the defect margin. KOH examination demonstrated hyphae. The culture test of left corneal discharge identified a fungi species (Curvularia sp). We prescribed fortified fluconazole eye drops in combination with supportive therapy for 2.5 months. This regimen showed a significant increase in visual acuity to 6/30 with pinhole improvement of 6/21 in the left eye.
Discussion. Imidazole acts by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis of the fungal cell wall, through action on the cytochrome P450-dependent enzyme. This leads to cell membrane destabilization and leakage. Curvularia sp belongs to the family of dematiaceous fungi. Its clinical manifestations include raised lesions and feathery edges; hypopyon rarely occurs, and the prognosis is quite good. Fluconazole (2 mg/ml) is available for injection and is a well-tolerated eye drop. The intravenous injection can be used as a topical treatment and can be given subconjunctivally at the same concentration.
Conclusions. Fortified fluconazole eyedrops (2 mg/ml) can become an alternative and additional therapy for deep fungal keratitis, especially for Curvularia sp.
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Ittigi, Vivekananda, and Soumya G. Hegde. "Chromoblastomycosis complicated with co-morbidities, curbed by cryotherapy: a case report." International Journal of Research in Dermatology 5, no. 3 (July 24, 2019): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20193247.
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<p>Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic mycosis affecting skin and subcutaneous tissue. Treatment of chromoblastomycosis is challenging due to refractory nature of the condition and varied antifungal sensitivity of the organism. Though systemic antifungals are commonly used modality of treatment, there is no “gold standard” treatment. The array of treatment options include chemotherapy and physical methods (cryosurgery/ CO2 laser/superficial X-rays/ surgical excision), either alone or in combination. A 60 year old male farmer presented with history of congestive cardiac failure (CCF), presented with gradually increasing painful, reddish elevated skin lesions over right knee since 2 years. On examination, there was a well-defined solitary, tender plaque of size 2×3 cm with smooth surface, elevated peripheral margin. Blood investigations were within normal limits except for deranged LFT. Diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis was made based on KOH mount which revealed typical sclerotic bodies and histopathology which revealed neutrophilic abscesses, muriform cells, mixed granulomatous response. In view of his comorbidities like congestive cardiac failure and deranged liver function test, we couldn’t consider the possibility of systemic drugs like Itraconazole. So, he was treated only with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy on a weekly basis for 8 weeks. Marked improvement in lesion was observed after 8 sittings. In our case, due to cardiac complications and deranged liver function test we treated the patient with cryotherapy solely and achieved marked improvement in skin lesions. Cryotherapy alone serves as an effective treatment modality when systemic antifungals can’t be given.</p>
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Celis, Alfredo, and Ither Sandoval. "Histerectomía laparoscópica total: una nueva alternativa en cirugía endoscópica." Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia 47, no. 1 (May 9, 2015): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31403/rpgo.v47i471.
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Objetivo: Evaluar el rol de la histerectomía laparoscópica total en el tratamiento de la patología uterina. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Material y métodos: Setenta y dos pacientes con indicación de histerectomía abdominal fueron sometidas a histerectomía laparoscópica total (HLT), usando el "manipulador RUMY y el sistema colpotomizador Koh", en el servicio de Ginecología del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, en el periodo 1998-2000. La histerectomía fue realizada totalmente por vía laparoscópica y la energía electroquirúrgica (bipolar y monopolar) fue el único método de coagulación. Fueron evaluadas la técnica quirúrgica, la evolución postoperatoria y las complicaciones. Resultados: Se programó 76 operaciones, en cuatro casos se tuvo que convertir a laparotomía por proceso adherencial severo que impidió el acceso adecuado al campo operatorio. La edad promedio fue 46,1 años, el peso promedio 63,7 kg, el tiempo promedio de hospitalización 3,3 días. La duración promedio de la operación fue 144 minutos, con un tamaño uterino promedio de 12,1 cm (intervalo: 10 a 18). La lesión urológica representó la mayor complicación de la HLT, se presentó en cuatro casos: un caso de lesión ureteral y tres casos de lesión vesical (5,4%). El 79% de las complicaciones totales se presentó en los primeros 37 casos (51%). Conclusiones: Los resultados establecen que la histerectomía laparoscópica total (HLT) es un procedimiento seguro y técnicamente factible de ser realizado. Los trabajos futuros establecerán el lugar exacto y las indicaciones precisas para la histerectomía laparoscópica.
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Baiswar, P., S. Chandra, R. Kumar, S. V. Ngachan, and D. D. Rosa. "First Record of Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-1 on Ctenanthe oppenheimiana in India." Plant Disease 94, no. 1 (January 2010): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-1-0126c.
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Ctenanthe oppenheimiana (= Maranta oppenheimiana) is a common foliage plant also known as “never never” plant. Plants grow best in high-humidity conditions. Potted plants in Barapani, Meghalaya, India were found to be infected with a foliar disease. Initial symptoms were leaf margin necrosis that expanded to cover large areas of the leaf blade during March and April of 2007. Leaf portions from the margin of infected and healthy tissue were washed with sterile water and then surface sterilized with 4% sodium hypochlorite for 30 s. These bits were again washed twice with sterile water, blotted dry, plated on water agar, and maintained at 25°C. After 24 h, mycelial growth was transferred to potato dextrose agar. Fungal colonies were brown with fluffy, aerial mycelium Hypha was branched at 90° with lateral branches having constriction at the point of origin. Hyphal cells were determined to be multinucleate when stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. Sclerotia were 3 to 5.6 mm in diameter (average 4.1 mm) and were not differentiated into cortex and medulla. The above characteristics were consistent with a Rhizoctonia sp. (2). Anastomosis group (AG) was determined by pairing isolates with tester isolates of R. solani and its subgroups (AG 1-1A, AG 2-1, AG 2-2 IIIB, AG 3, AG 4HG-II, AG 5, AG 6, AG 7, AG 8, AG 9, AG 10, AG 11, AG 12, AG 13, and AG BI) and staining hyphae with Safranin-O 0.03% and KOH 3% solutions. Anastomosis was positive only between the Ctenanthe isolate and AG 2-1 tester strain. (1). The Ctenanthe isolate was grown on potato dextrose broth for 8 days. The broth culture was blended in a Waring blender for 2 min and 10 ml was mixed with 90 ml of sterile water. The mycelium suspension was sprayed on five healthy plants of C. oppenheimiana Noninoculated plants served as a control. Inoculated leaves developed initial symptoms of marginal leaf necrosis after 6 to 8 days and expanded leaf necrosis, similar to the original symptoms, after 12 to 15 days. No symptoms developed on noninoculated plants. R. solani was isolated from leaf lesions of the inoculated plants, confirming Koch's postulate To our knowledge, this is a new report from India. References: (1) G. C. MacNish et al. Phytopathology 83:922, 1993. (2) B. Sneh et al. Identification of Rhizoctonia species. The American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, MN, 1991.
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Lucchino, B., M. Leopizzi, T. Colasanti, V. DI Maio, C. Alessandri, G. Valesini, F. Conti, M. DI Franco, and F. R. Spinelli. "FRI0376 EFFECT OF CARBAMYLATED LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS ON BONE CELLS HOMEOSTASIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 784.2–785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2741.
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Background:Carbamylation is a post-translational modification occurring under several conditions such as uremia, smoking and chronic inflammation as in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) represent a target of carbamylation. Carbamylated-LDL (cLDL) have an increased inflammatory and atherogenic potential. Growing evidence supports an influence of modified lipids on bone cells homeostasis. However, the role of cLDL on bone cells physiology is still unknown.Objectives:Considering the rate of carbamylation and the role of anti-carbamylated proteins antibodies as markers of erosive disease in RA, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cLDL on bone homeostasis.Methods:In-vitrocarbamylation of LDL was performed as previously described by Ok et al. (Kidney Int. 2005). Briefly, native LDL (nLDL) were treated with potassium cyanate (KOCN) for 4 hours, followed by excessive dialysis for 36 hours to remove KOCN. Both osteoclasts (OCs) and osteoblasts (OBLs) were treated at baseline with 20 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml and 200 μg/ml of cLDL or nLDL. To induce osteoclast differentiation, CD14+ monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors by magnetic microbeads separation and then cultured on a 96-wells plate in DMEM media supplemented with RANKL and M-CSF. After 10 days cells were fixed, stained for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), a marker of OC differentiation, and counted. OBLs were isolated from bone specimens of 3 patients who had undergone to knee or hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis and treated for 5 days with different concentrations of cLDL and nLDL. OBLs were fixed and stained for alkaline phosphatase positive activity (ALP), a marker of osteogenic differentiation. Total RNA was extracted from cell lysates. Copies of single-stranded complementary DNA (cDNA) were synthesized and analyzed by real-time PCR to evaluate RANKL and Osteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNA expression levels.Results:In OCLs culture, cLDL significantly decreased the number of OC compared to untreated cells (200 μg/ml p=0,0015) and nLDL treated cells (200 μg/ml p= 0,011; 20 μg/ml p= 0,0014) (Fig 1). Moreover, treatment with cLDL induced an increase of not terminally differentiated OCs, reduced dimensions of OCs, less intense TRAP staining and vacuolization (Fig 2). In OBLs culture, cLDL (20, 100 μg/ml) significantly reduced the ALP activity of OBLs compared with untreated cells (p<0.05) (Fig 3). nLDL did not affect the ALP expression. Treatment with cLDL stimulated RANKL mRNA expression in osteoblasts increasing the RANKL/OPG ratio (Fig 4).Fig 1.Fig 2.Fig 3.Fig 4.Conclusion:cLDL induce a significant depression of OC and OBL differentiation. Moreover, cLDL increase RANKL expression in OBL, unbalancing bone tissue turnover towards bone resorption. Accordingly, cLDL could be implicated in the bone loss characterizing several conditions associated to an increased carbamylation, such as RADisclosure of Interests:Bruno Lucchino: None declared, Martina Leopizzi: None declared, Tania Colasanti: None declared, Valeria Di Maio: None declared, cristiano alessandri Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Guido Valesini: None declared, fabrizio conti Speakers bureau: BMS, Lilly, Abbvie, Pfizer, Sanofi, Manuela Di Franco: None declared, Francesca Romana Spinelli Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Consultant of: Novartis, Gilead, Lilly, Sanofi, Celgene, Speakers bureau: Lilly
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Soetjipto, Hartati, Yoga Andika Putra, and A. Ign Kristijanto. "Pengaruh Pemurnian Terhadap Kualitas dan Kandungan Skualen Minyak Biji Kemangi Hutan (Ocimum gratissimum L.)." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 16, no. 2 (September 18, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.16.2.41110.39-47.
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<p><strong>ABSTRAK.</strong> <em>Ocimum gratissimum</em> L. atau kemangi hutan merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman yang banyak dimanfaatkan dalam bidang pengobatan tradisional. Biji dari tanaman kemangi hutan diduga mengandung senyawa aktif antioksidan berupa skualena yang banyak digunakan dalam industri farmasi. Sumber utama senyawa skualena adalah minyak hati ikan hiu, kenyataan ini memperkuat alasan perburuan ikan hiu semakin marak. Skualen nabati yang bisa ditemukan pada beberapa jenis tumbuhan menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk mengurangi penggunaan skualena dari minyak hati ikan hiu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan hasil rendemen, sifat fisiko-kimia serta menganalisa komponen penyusun minyak biji kemangi hutan dengan metode <em>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</em> (GC-MS). Tahapan penelitian meliputi ekstraksi minyak biji kemangi hutan menggunakan alat soxhlet dengan pelarut heksana dilanjutkan dengan proses pemurnian yang meliputi <em>degumming</em> dan netralisasi. Tahap terakhir berupa analisa GCMS minyak hasil ekstraksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen minyak biji kemangi hutan setelah pemurnian diperoleh sebesar 5,106 ± 0,10%, berwarna kuning pucat berbau khas kemangi hutan, kadar air minyak 0,06%; massa jenis minyak 0,84 g/ml; bilangan asam 0,416 ± 0 mg KOH/g minyak; bilangan peroksida 0,028 ± 0 meq O<sub>2</sub>/g minyak; dan bilangan penyabunan 219,648 ± 2,608 mg KOH/g. Sifat fisikokimia tersebut telah memenuhi kriteria SNI. Hasil analisis GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa minyak biji kemangi hutan didominasi oleh empat komponen utama yaitu skualena (58,85%), asam propanedioat (16,69%), asam palmitat (14,91%), dan metil heksanoat (9,55%). Pemurnian minyak biji kemangi hutan meningkatkan kandungan skualena dari 1,07% menjadi 58,85%. </p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">ABSTRACT. </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">The Effect of Purification on The Quality and Content of Forest Basil Seed Oil (<em>Ocimum gratissimum</em> L.). </span></span></strong><span class="hps"><em><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="IN">O. gratissimum</span></em><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="IN"> L. or </span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">f</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="IN">orest </span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">b</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="IN">asil is a plant that is widely used in traditional medicine. Forest basil’ seeds suspected contain active antioxidant compounds that have the shape of squalene, and it is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. The main source of the squalene compound is shark liver oil; this fact reinforces the reason for shark hunting increasingly widespread. Plant Squalene, which can be found in many plant species, is one of an alternative to reduce the use of squalene from shark liver oil. The aims of this work are to determine the yield, physicochemical properties and to analyze the components of forest basil’seed oil using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The stages of this work included extraction of forest basil seeds using Soxhlet extractor in hexane solvent, followed by a refining process includes degumming and neutralization. The final step is analyzed forest’ basil seed oil obtained using GC-MS. The results showed that the yield of forest basil seed oil obtained in the amount of </span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">5.106 ± 0.10 %</span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="IN">, a pale yellow color, with a specific aroma of basil forests, the water content of 0.06% oil; oil density 0.84 g / ml; an acid number of 0.416 ± 0 mg KOH / g of oil; peroxide number of 0.028 ± 0 meq O<sub>2</sub> / g of oil; and a saponification number of 219.648 ± 2.608 mg KOH / g of oil. The physicochemical properties have fulfilled SNI criteria. GC-MS analysis resulted that forest basil’ seeds oil are dominated by four main components, namely squalene (58.85%), propanedioic acid (16.69%), palmitic acid (14.91%), and methyl hexanoate (9.55%). Purification forest basil seed oil increases squalene of 1.07% to 58.85%.</span></span></p><table class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 100.0%; border-collapse: collapse; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; height: 166.1pt;"><td style="width: 82.42%; border: none; border-bottom: solid gray 2.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 166.1pt;" valign="top" width="82%"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; tab-stops: 63.8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><strong><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;" lang="IN">ABSTRACT. </span></strong><span class="hps"><strong><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN;" lang="IN">The Effect of Purification on The Quality and Content of Forest Basil Seed Oil (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ocimum gratissimum</em> L.). </span></strong></span><span class="hps"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="IN">O. gratissimum</span></em></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="IN"> L. or </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">f</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="IN">orest </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">b</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="IN">asil is a plant that is widely used in traditional medicine. Forest basil’ seeds suspected contain active antioxidant compounds that have the shape of squalene, and it is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. The main source of the squalene compound is shark liver oil; this fact reinforces the reason for shark hunting increasingly widespread. Plant Squalene, which can be found in many plant species, is one of an alternative to reduce the use of squalene from shark liver oil. The aims of this work are to determine the yield, physicochemical properties and to analyze the components of forest basil’seed oil using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The stages of this work included extraction of forest basil seeds using Soxhlet extractor in hexane solvent, followed by a refining process includes degumming and neutralization. The final step is analyzed forest’ basil seed oil obtained using GC-MS. The results showed that the yield of forest basil seed oil obtained in the amount of </span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;" lang="IN">5.106 ± 0.10 %</span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="IN">, a pale yellow color, with a specific aroma of basil forests, the water content of 0.06% oil; oil density 0.84 g / ml; an acid number of 0.416 ± 0 mg KOH / g of oil; peroxide number of 0.028 ± 0 meq O<sub>2</sub> / g of oil; and a saponification number of 219.648 ± 2.608 mg KOH / g of oil. The physicochemical properties have fulfilled SNI criteria. GC-MS analysis resulted that forest basil’ seeds oil are dominated by four main components, namely squalene (58.85%), propanedioic acid (16.69%), palmitic acid (14.91%), and methyl hexanoate (9.55%). Purification forest basil seed oil increases squalene of 1.07% to 58.85%.</span></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table>
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Mayr, Roman, Matthias May, and Hans-Martin Fritsche. "Reply to Michael Froehner, Rainer Koch and Manfred P. Wirth's Letter to the Editor re: Roman Mayr, Matthias May, Thomas Martini, et al. Comorbidity and Performance Indices as Predictors of Cancer-Independent Mortality But Not of Cancer-Specific Mortality After Radical Cystectomy for Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder. Eur Urol 2012;62:662–70." European Urology 63, no. 1 (January 2013): e10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2012.09.044.
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Dilmaghani, A., M. H. Balesdent, T. Rouxel, and O. Moreno-Rico. "First Report of Leptosphaeria biglobosa (Blackleg) on Brassica oleracea (Cabbage) in Mexico." Plant Disease 94, no. 6 (June 2010): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-6-0791c.
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Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis), and cabbage (B. oleracea var. capitata) have been grown in central Mexico since 1970, with 21,000 ha cropped in 2001. In contrast, areas grown with oilseed rape (B. napus) are very limited in Mexico (<8,000 ha). Blackleg, a destructive disease of B. napus in most parts of the world, was first observed in Mexico in Zacatecas and Aguascalientes in 1988 on B. oleracea, causing as much as 70% yield loss. A species complex of two closely related Dothideomycete species, Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa, is associated with this disease of crucifers (1), but leaf symptoms on susceptible plants are different, with L. maculans typically causing >15-mm pale gray lesions with numerous pycnidia, whereas L. biglobosa causes dark and smaller lesions only containing a few pycnidia. Having a similar epidemiology, both species can be present on the same plants at the same time, and symptom confusion can occur as a function of the physiological condition of the plant or expression of plant resistance responses. A total of 209 isolates from symptomatic B. oleracea leaves were collected from three fields in central states of Mexico (58 to 71 isolates per location). All leaves showed similar symptoms, including a 10- to 15-mm tissue collapse with an occasional dark margin. Cotyledons of seven B. napus differentials were inoculated with conidia of all the isolates as described by Dilmaghani et al. (1). Two hundred isolates caused tissue collapse typical of L. maculans. However, nine obtained from white cabbage in a single location in Aguascalientes caused <5-mm dark lesions. When inoculated onto cotyledons of three B. oleracea genotypes commonly grown in Mexico (cvs. Domador, Monaco, and Iron Man), the nine isolates caused a range of symptoms characterized by tissue collapse (maximum 10 to 15 mm), showing the presence of patches of black necrotic spots within the collapse. The occasional presence of a few pycnidia allowed us to reisolate the fungus for molecular identification. ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, (internal transcribed spacers and 5.8S rDNA), actin, and β-tubulin sequences were obtained as described previously (4). Multiple gene genealogies based on these sequence data showed two subclades of L. biglobosa: L. biglobosa ‘occiaustralensis’ (one isolate; ITS [AM410082], actin [AM410084], and β-tubulin [AM410083]) and L. biglobosa ‘canadensis’ (eight isolates; ITS [AJ550868], actin [AY748956], and β-tubulin [AY749004]) (3,4), which were previously described on B. napus in the United States, Canada, and Chile. To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. biglobosa in Mexico. Previously, this species has only been reported once on B. oleracea without discrimination into subclades (2). In the Aguascalientes sampling, 24% of the isolates were L. biglobosa, similar to Canadian locations where this species is still common as compared with L. maculans (1). The large proportion of sampled L. biglobosa ‘canadensis’, highlights the prevalence of this subclade throughout the American continent (1). References: (1) A. Dilmaghani et al. Plant Pathol. 58:1044, 2009. (2) E. Koch et al. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 4:341, 1991. (3) E. Mendes-Pereira et al. Mycol Res. 107:1287, 2003. (4) L. Vincenot et al. Phytopathology 98:321, 2008.
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ORSATTO, Franciele Luzia de Oliveira. "O JORNAL IMPRESSO AINDA RESISTE(?): UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE GÊNEROS JORNALÍSTICOS E SUAS TRANSFORMAÇÕES." Trama 16, no. 37 (February 27, 2020): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.48075/rt.v16i37.23675.
Full textAbstract:
Diante das transformações tecnológicas que marcam a sociedade atual, o jornalismo e a imprensa têm sofrido visíveis modificações ao longo dos últimos anos. Não só a forma de produzir notícias e reportagens se modificou, mas, principalmente, o consumo desses textos também não ocorre da mesma forma, nas mesmas plataformas. Há tempos se discute a possível “morte” do jornalismo impresso nesse cenário, mas o fato é que ainda há publicações impressas circulando. Assim, levanta-se o seguinte questionamento: em que medida o conteúdo jornalístico tem se transformado? Pode-se dizer a valorização da reportagem – em detrimento da notícia factual, de oferta abundante nos meios digitais – tem se mostrado como uma saída para renovação e/ou sobrevivência do jornalismo impresso? Esses questionamentos são o ponto de partida a partir do qual se desenvolve a presente pesquisa, que objetiva investigar as permanências ou transformações nos gêneros jornalísticos de um jornal impresso. Tendo como base teórica o pensamento de autores como Bakhtin (2011), Marcuschi (2008) analisam-se edições do jornal O Paraná, dos anos de 2019 e 2009. Com a comparação das edições, pode-se concluir que a reportagem está mais presente nos exemplares mais atuais, que valorizam o aspecto local e focalizam questões referentes a cenários atuais e preocupantes em vez da abordagem de fatos pontuais.REFERÊNCIASBAKHTIN, Mikhail. Estética da criação verbal. 6. ed. São Paulo: WMF Martins Fontes, 2011.CADEIA do leite gira R$431,5 mi na região Oeste. O Paraná, Cascavel, ano 33, 13 abril 2009, Cidades, p. B4.CONSAMU Oeste – UPAs lotadas e mensagem indicam boicote a Cascavel. O Paraná, Cascavel, ano 43, 16 abril 2019, Economia, p. 9.ERBOLATO, Mario. Técnicas de codificação em jornalismo. São Paulo: Ática, 2004.KOCH, Ingedore Villaça. Ler e compreender: os sentidos do texto. 3. ed. São Paulo: Contexto, 2010.LAGE, Nilson. A estrutura da notícia. São Paulo: Ática, 2003.MANFRIN, Juliet. Queda de luz vira tormento à pecuária. O Paraná, Cascavel, ano 43, 17 abril 2019a, Oeste, p. 10.MANFRIN, Juliet. Aeroporto de Cascavel é o pior do Paraná. O Paraná, Cascavel, ano 43, 18 abril 2019b, Oeste, p. 10.MANFRIN, Juliet. Há sete pretendentes para cada criança apta à adoção. O Paraná, Cascavel, ano 43, 20 e 21 abril 2019c, Oeste, p. 7.MARCUSCHI, Luiz Antônio. Produção textual, análise de gêneros e compreensão. São Paulo: Parábola Editorial, 2008.MARQUES DE MELO, José. A opinião no jornalismo brasileiro. Petrópolis: Vozes, 1985.MARQUES DE MELO, José. ASSIS, Francisco de. Gêneros e formatos jornalísticos: um modelo classificatório. Intercom – Revistra Brasileira de Ciências da Comunicação. São Paulo, v.39, n.1, p.39-56, jan./abr. 2016. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/interc/v39n1/1809-5844-interc-39-1-0039.pdf Acesso em: 7 nov. 2019.NOBLAT, Ricardo. A arte de fazer um jornal diário. São Paulo: Contexto, 2003.PACETE, Luiz Gustavo. Brasil perdeu oito jornais em 6 anos. Meio Mensagem. 15 jul. 2015. Disponível em: https://www.meioemensagem.com.br/home/midia/2015/07/15/brasil-perdeu-oito-jornais-em-6-anos.html Acesso em: 1 ago. 2019.PACOTE do governo compensa apenas um terço das perdas. O Paraná, Cascavel, ano 33, 14 abril 2009, Última hora, p. A12.PARA Lula, 50% da crise mundial é ‘um pouco de pânico’. O Paraná, Cascavel, ano 33, 15 abril 2009, Cidades, p. B7.PRESÍDIO é bomba em contagem regressiva. O Paraná, Cascavel, ano 33, 12 abril 2009, Policial, p. B7.Recebido em 26-11-2019 | Aceito em 16-02-2020
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Lazarotto, M., M. F. B. Muniz, R. F. dos Santos, E. Blume, R. Harakawa, and F. A. Hamann. "First Report of Fusarium equiseti Associated on Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) Seeds in Brazil." Plant Disease 98, no. 6 (June 2014): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-13-0976-pdn.
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Pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] is an important producing nut tree that has been intensively cultivated in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) in recent decades. This species is commonly grown in association with other crops and more often with cattle or sheep. An elevated incidence of the fungal genus Fusarium was observed during a quality control seed assay of pecan seeds obtained from orchards in the city of Anta Gorda (28°53′54.7″ S, 52°01′59.9″ W). Concomitantly, seedlings of this species, cultivated in a nursery, showed foliar necrosis, wilt, and root rot. The fungus was thereafter isolated from the seeds (from original seeds lots) and subcultured from single spores. Cultures were purified in order to perform pathogenicity tests. The isolated Fusarium sp. was increased on autoclaved wet corn kernels that were incubated for 14 days (1), and then were mixed with commercial substrate (sphagnum turf, expanded vermiculite, dolomitic limestone, gypsum, and NPK fertilizer) in plastic trays (capacity 7 L), with drainage holes. Twenty seeds were sowed and 90 days later, evaluations were undertaken. Forty percent of the seedlings presented symptoms, i.e., foliar necrosis and wilt owing to root rot. Fusarium sp. was re-isolated from the affected roots by transferring hyphal tips to potato dextrose agar (PDA) and carnation leaf agar (CLA) medium in petri dishes in order to identify the species morphologically. On PDA, the colony pigmentation was yellowish brown and the aerial mycelium was whitish to peach; macroconidia were relatively long and narrow (31.75 × 4.02 μm), with 5 septa on average, and whip-like bent apical cells (2). Chlamydospores were not observed on PDA or CLA. Primer pairs ITS1 and ITS4 (3) and EF1-T and EF1-1567R (4) were employed to amplify the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and elongation factor-1α (TEF 1-α) regions, respectively. The resulting DNA sequences showed 99% for ITS and 98% for TEF 1-α similarity with Fusarium equiseti (Corda) Sacc. and phylogenetic analysis grouped it with sequences of this species. The consensus sequence was submitted to GenBank and received the accession numbers KC810063 (ITS) and KF601580 (TEF 1-α). The pathogen was re-isolated on PDA and CLA substrate in order to complete Koch's postulates. The pathogenicity test was repeated with the same conditions described before and the results were confirmed. No symptoms were observed on the control seedlings. This species is considered a weak parasite (2); however, it has been reported causing wilt in Coffea arabica in Brazil (5). This pathogen could cause serious damage and high losses to seedling in commercial nurseries. Besides that, it could also carry the disease to the field causing further damage on established plants. To our knowledge, this is the first to report of F. equiseti causing foliar necrosis and wilt on C. illinoinensis in Brazil. References: (1) L. H. Klingelfuss et al. Fitopatol. Brasil. 32:1, 2007. (2) W. Gerlach and H. Nirenberg. The Genus Fusarium – a Pictorial Atlas. Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Braunschweig, Germany, 1982. (3) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990. (4) S. A. Rehner and E. A. Buckley. Mycologia 97:84, 2005. (5) L. H. Pfenning and M. F. Martins. Page 283 in: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil, 2000.
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Koroleva, N. E. "To the syntaxonomy of pounikkos mire complexes in the forest-tundra and tundra in the northern part of the Kola Peninsula." Vegetation of Russia, no. 25 (2014): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2014.25.30.
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Mires of the Kola Peninsula were investigated mainly in its southern part (Botch, 1989; Payanskaya-Gvozdeva, 1990; Smagin, 1999а, 1999b). The published relevés of tundra mires of the Peninsula are poor (Kalliola, 1939; Koroleva, 2001, 2006), and this paper surveys pounikkos mire complexes in its northern part, represents their classification according to the Braun-Blanquet approach accompanied by syntaxonomical tables. The investigated area is situated in the north of the Kola Peninsula within the forest tundra and in southern arctic tundra, with the mean annual air temperature between –0.5 °C and –2.0 °C and annual precipitation 600–700 mm. The geological basis is Archean and Proterozoic crystalline rocks, covered by coarse gravelly moraine and sandy fluvial-glacial deposits, and peat deposits in wetlands. Plant cover represents the combination of subarctic birch forests, tundra and mires. The mire complexes occur in river valleys, in lake and between moraine hill depressions, alternating with shrub and dwarf-shrub lichen tundra and forest-tundra on hill tops and slopes. Peat hummock (pounikkos) height is 0.3–0.5 (up to 1.0) м, their diameter is 0.3–0.7 (up to 1.5) м. In July the ice core is kept at 20–30 cm below the surface. Water-logged narrow ditches separate hummocks from each other. Inundated sedges- and water-cotton-dominated lawns, willow thickets along the water currents and small lakes are common within the mire complex. In the 2012 field season mounds and hummocks were densely inhabited by rodents, in particular by Lemmus lemmus. Oligotrophic and ombrogenous mosses lichens dwarf-shrub dominated communities of mounds, small turf hummocks (pounus, pounikkos) and on the margin of mire massifs belong to the alliance Oxycocco−Empetrion hermaphroditi Nordh. 1936 ex Neuhäusl 1969 (diagnostic taxa (DT): Eriophorum vaginatum, Oxycoccus microcarpus, Rubus chamaemorus, Mylia anomala, Sphagnum fuscum) with the ass. Empetro−Sphagnetum fusci subass. typicum Dierssen (1982) 1996 (DT Ledum palustre and Orthocaulis kunzeanus) and Empetro−Sphagnetum fusci subass. dicranetosum elongati (Regel 1923) stat. nov. (DT Dicranum elongatum). Species poor sedges- and cottongrass dominated oligo-, oligomesotrophic fens of flark and lawns belong to the alliance Caricion rotundatae (Kalliola 1939) stat. nov. (DT Carex concolor, C. rariflora, C. rotundata, Baeothryon cespitosum, Eriophorum polystachion, Sphagnum lindbergii, S. compactum, Warnstorfia exannulata, Sarmentypnum sarmentosum, Calliergon stramineum) with three associations: ass. Gymnocoleo inflatae−Caricetum rariflorae ass. nov. (DT Nardus stricta, Sphagnum compactum, Gymnocolea inflata, Anthelia juratzkana), ass. Warnstorfio sarmentosi−Caricetum concoloris ass. nov. (DT the same as for the alliance), ass. Eriophoro polystachii−Sphagnetum lindbergii (Kalliola 1939) stat. nov. (DT Sphagnum lindbergii). Low willows and sedges dominated communities along mire springs or in percolated areas are described as ass. Salici lapponi−Caricetum concoloris ass. nov. (DT Betula nana, Salix lapponum, S. phylicifolia, Calamagrostis strictа, Carex rostrata, Comarum palustre, Molinia caerulea, Viola palustris, Lophozia longiflora) with no affiliation to any alliance. Proposed new alliance Caricion rotundatae occurs in tundra and forest-tundra zone to the north of main areal of alliances Rhynchosporion albae Koch 1926 and Caricion lasiocarpae Vanden Berghen ap. Lebrun et al. 1949, which comprise oligotrophic and mesotrophic flark communities of boreal mires. Among diagnostic taxa of Caricion rotundatae are low sedges and brown mosses and in opposite to the alliance Rhynchosporion albae it doesn’t include the character species of Rhynchosporion albae (Carex livida, Scheuchzeria palustris, Rhynchospora alba). The studied mire complexes are very characteristic for the entire subarctic Fennoscandia, being located in the north of the Kola Peninsula close to the east-northern border of their European distribution area. They are considered to include more fast-growing permafrost hummocks comparing with palsa mires (Grab, 2003). Based upon their high alpha diversity and important ecological and scientific role, the discussed pounus mire massifs are perspective to be examined as possible value natural habitats.
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Marchi, G., T. Cinelli, and G. Surico. "Bacterial Leaf Spot Caused by the Quarantine Pathogen Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni on Cherry Laurel in Central Italy." Plant Disease 95, no. 1 (January 2011): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-10-0529.
Full textAbstract:
In June 2010, 1-year-old potted plants of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) cv. Novita showing leaf spot symptoms were collected in a commercial nursery in the district of Pistoia (Tuscany, central Italy). Red-purple necrotic lesions (measuring a few millimeters up to 1 cm) surrounded by a brilliant light green halo were observed on the abaxial surface of symptomatic leaves. With age, the necrotic areas drop out, leaving a “shot-hole” appearance. Microscopic observation revealed the absence of fungal structures, whereas bacteria were isolated from symptomatic tissue on nutrient sucrose agar medium. Purified single colonies appeared mucoid, convex, and yellow on yeast extract-dextrose-CaCO3 agar (YDCA) medium, were positive to the KOH test, and induced hypersensitive responses on tobacco (cv. Virginia Bright). Three isolates were selected arbitrarily for further analysis. A fragment of approximately 500 bp of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified via PCR with the universal primer pair 27f/519r and sequenced. Subsequent database searches in the INSD (GenBank, EMBL, and DDBJ) indicated that the resulting sequences had 100% identity over 490 bp with the corresponding gene of a Xanthomonas sp. The isolates were further identified as Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni on the basis of quinate metabolism and starch hydrolysis tests and by sequencing the PCR products obtained with the gyrB (4) and X. arboricola pv. pruni-specific (3) primer sets. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on cvs. Novita and Caucasica following the detached leaf bioassay procedure (1) and by injecting with a hypodermic needle a bacterial suspension (1 × 107 CFU/ml) in the leaf mesophyll of 1-year-old potted plants (three plants per cultivar and three leaves per isolate on each plant). Incubation was carried out at 25°C under fluorescent lights with a 16-h photoperiod. After seven (detached leaves) and four (potted plants) days, all leaves inoculated with X. arboricola pv. pruni isolates showed brown necrotic spots delimited by a chlorotic margin. Reisolated bacteria on YDCA showed the same colony morphology as described above and tested positive to the X. arboricola pv. pruni-specific primer set, confirming the causal agent of the disease. Leaf tissue inoculated with sterile distilled water remained symptomless. Bacterial leaf spot on cherry laurel was reported in Lombardy (northern Italy) by the local plant protection service in 2005 but without a confirmatory diagnosis of the causal agent (2). To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report on the occurrence of X. arboricola pv. pruni on cherry laurel in Italy. The pathogen could have a significant impact on the commercial cherry laurel production in the district of Pistoia, which is the most important area for ornamental plants nurseries (4,536 ha of cultivated surface in 2005) in Italy. X. arboricola pv. pruni is included in the EPPO A2 list of pests recommended for regulation to the member countries. References: (1) Anonymous. EPPO Bull. 36:129, 2006. (2) EPPO Reporting Service. Online publication. Retrieved from archives.eppo.org/EPPOReporting/2006/Rse-0606.pdf , 2006. (3) M. C. Pagani. Ph.D. diss. North Carolina State University. Online publication. http://repository.lib.ncsu.edu/ir/bitstream/1840.16/4540/1/etd.pdf , 2004. (4) N. Parkinson et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59:264, 2009.