Journal articles: 'Marsupials Australia Ecology'

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J. Foley, William. "Marsupial Nutrition." Pacific Conservation Biology 5, no. 3 (1999): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc99240a.

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In the early 1980s advances in marsupial biology could no longer be encapsulated in a single volume such as Hugh Tyndale-Biscoe's "Life of Marsupials" and Cambridge University Press commissioned a series of monographs covering a range of different topics in marsupial biology. As it was, only three of that series were realized and among them was the ptedecessor to this book "Digestive Physiology and Nutrition of Marsupials" published in 1982. "Marsupial Nutrition" is a considerably expanded and comprehensive review of studies of nutrition and digestive physiology of Australasian and South American marsupials. In Australia, many ecologists view the limited nutrient status of our soils and vegetation as a fundamental limit to animal populations. This book explains firstly how Australian marsupials have responded to those limitations and secondly asks whether these responses are common amongst marsupials living in New Guinea and South America.

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Riley, J., DM Spratt, and PJA Presidente. "Pentastomids (Arthropoda) Parasitic in Australian Reptiles and Mammals." Australian Journal of Zoology 33, no. 1 (1985): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9850039.

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Records of pentastomid arthropods parasitic in Australian reptiles and mammals are reviewed, with particular reference to material collected recently. Specimens representative of six genera are described. Sebekia sp. from the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylusporosus, is the first record of the genus in Australia and probably represents a new species. A nymph with double hooks, from the dasyurid marsupial Satanellus hallucatus, is determined as Waddycephalus sp. This represents the first evidence of double hooks in nymphal forms of the genus and of the role of marsupials as intermediate hosts of Waddycephalus. Nymphs from the peramelid marsupial, Isoodon macrourus, and from S, hallucatus are determined as Armillifer australis Riley & Self, 1981; those from Perameles nasuta are identified as A. arborealis Riley & Self, 1981. These represent the first records of marsupials as intermediate hosts of Armillifer. Adults of the genus Elenia Heymons, 1932 are confirmed as parasites of varanid lizards. E. australis Heymons, 1932 is recognized and it is suggested that specimens described by Heymons (1939), allegedly from Varanus varius at Townsville, Qld, may represent a new species. The cosmopolitan porocephalid Linguatula serrata Frolich, 1789 is recorded from the nasopharynx of the dingo or wild dog and the validity of the indigenous species, L. dingophila Johnson, 1910 is discussed. The cephalobaenid Raillietiella amphiboluri Mahon, 1954 is reported from Amphibolurus barbatus.

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Beyer, Georgia L., and Ross L. Goldingay. "The value of nest boxes in the research and management of Australian hollow-using arboreal marsupials." Wildlife Research 33, no. 3 (2006): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04109.

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Nest boxes have been recognised as research and management tools for arboreal marsupials in Australia for over 20 years. We review the published literature with the aim of describing the scope of studies conducted in Australia thus far and providing guidance to future research. We recognise three types of application in research: (1) detection of species, (2) study of a species’ ecology, and (3) investigation of box designs preferred by different species. Several species of arboreal marsupial may be detected more readily in nest boxes than by conventional survey techniques, allowing description of key aspects of their ecology; e.g. feathertail glider (Acrobates pygmaeus), eastern pygmy possum (Cercartetus nanus) and brush-tailed phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa). Identifying the most favoured nest-box design for any species has implications for detection and management uses of nest boxes. More research is needed but preliminary findings suggest that species prefer narrow entrance holes, while height of the nest box above 3 m may be inconsequential. We recognise three types of management application: (1) species introduction, (2) support of populations of endangered species, and (3) strategic placement such as to enhance habitat connectivity. Currently there have been few attempts to use nest boxes to manage arboreal marsupials but further research is needed to realise their potential as a management tool.

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SPRATT, DAVID M. "Description of capillariid nematodes (Trichinelloidea: Capillariidae) parasitic in Australian marsupials and rodents." Zootaxa 1348, no. 1 (October 30, 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1348.1.1.

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Capillariid nematodes (Trichinelloidea: Capillariidae) parasitic in Australian dasyurid, peramelid and potoroid marsupials and murid rodents are described. Diagnosis of the genus Eucoleus and a key to species are given. Two species are redescribed: E. gastricus (Baylis) and E. rickardi (Beveridge and Barker), comb. nov. Nine species are described as new: E. breviductus sp. nov., E. buckenbourensis sp. nov., E. fluvidus sp. nov., E. longiductus sp. nov., E. parvulus sp. nov., E. perplexus sp. nov., E. plumosus sp. nov., E. posterus sp. nov. and E. pseudoplumosus sp. nov. Three additional species are recognized but not named. Species of Eucoleus occur in a diverse range of epithelial tissue habitats in Australian hosts throughout eastern Australia; one species is known from peramelids in Western Australia. Members of the genus have not been found in any other families of Australian marsupials. Three species are parasites of dasyurids, eight species are parasites of peramelids, two species occur in both dasyurid and peramelid hosts and two species are parasites of murid rodents. Morphologically, species of Eucoleus appear to be reasonably host specific at the family level. Molecular evidence indicates that sibling species of Eucoleus occur in distinct but closely related host species. Baruscapillaria conspecta sp. nov. is described from murid rodents and the potoroid marsupial rufous rat kangaroo, Aepyprymnus rufescens, primarily in north Queensland. Capillaria ornamentata sp. nov. is described from the distal nasal sinus behind the orbit of the eye of species of dasyurids of the genus Antechinus in southeastern Australia. Aonchotheca praeputialis (Obendorf, 1979) comb. nov. is redescribed and appears to occur exclusively in the native Rattus fuscipes. New host and geographic records, and tissue localities of the trichurid nematode, Anatrichosoma haycocki (Trichinelloidea: Trichuridae, Trichosomoidinae) are given.

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Isaac, JL. "Possums: The Brushtails, Ringtails and Greater Glider. Anne Kerle. A Review by Joanne L Isaac." Australian Mammalogy 24, no. 2 (2002): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am02249.

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DESPITE their almost ubiquitous presence across Australia, contemporary research on the biology, ecology and conservation status of the so-called 'common' possums is scant and inadequate. The majority of possum studies have been a result of the huge research effort in New Zealand to control and eradicate the common brushtail possum, a notorious introduced pest, and have concentrated primarily upon reproductive physiology. The conspicuous lack of ecological data on the larger possums across their native Australian range is particularly disturbing since evidence suggests that a number of these species are disappearing from large tracts of Australia. However, Possums: the brushtails, ringtails and greater glider, part of the Australian Natural History Series, provides a long overdue summary of up-to-date research on these familiar and intriguing marsupials.

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George, GG. "Monotreme and Marsupial Breeding Programs in Australian Zoos." Australian Journal of Zoology 37, no. 3 (1989): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9890181.

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Cooperative breeding programs for selected species in Australian zoos have developed rather rapidly in response to growing concerns for the status of wildlife world-wide. The need to enlarge captive populations and to manage them for genetic and demographic stability led in 1983 to the establishment of a regional Species Management Scheme among the major publicly funded zoos of Australia and New Zealand. Several Australian marsupials are being successfully managed under this scheme, and management plans for others are being developed. Managed species are designated on the basis of their restricted availability to zoos, and the desirability of having a self-sustaining captive population for conservation purposes. Captive breeding histories of most Australian and some New Guinea monotremes and marsupials are reviewed, and details of zoo breeding programs discussed for managed species.

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Irlbeck, NA, and ID Hume. "The role of Acacia in the diets of Australian marsupials ? A review." Australian Mammalogy 25, no. 2 (2003): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am03121.

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Many of the 600 species of Acacia found in Australia form part of the diet of several groups of marsupials. Acacia foliage is generally high in tannins but is consumed by several folivorous possums and by some macropods (kangaroos and wallabies), but the macropods eat it mainly as dry leaf litter during times of food shortage (in dry seasons and drought). Acacia gum is an important diet component of two omnivorous possums (Petaurus breviceps, Gymnobelidius leadbeateri) and, to a lesser extent, two rat-kangaroos (Bettongia sp.). Acacia seeds are consumed by marsupials to a limited extent, but are an important seasonal component of the diet of the mountain brushtail possum (Trichosurus cunninghami), and possibly the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) on Kangaroo Island. Likewise, Acacia arils (lipid-rich appendages to the seeds of some species) are an important seasonal component of the diet of the mahogany glider (Petaurus gracilis). Acacia pollen and nectar are consumed by several omnivorous possums (e.g., Petaurus norfolcensis) as well as by at least one species of rock-wallaby (Petrogale sp.), but the quantitative contributions made by these floral products to the protein and energy budgets of the consumers have been difficult to determine. Thus several parts of the Acacia plant are food resources for one or more groups of marsupials, but the contribution of the genus to marsupial nutrition is often overlooked.

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Lebel, Teresa, and Michael A. Castellano. "Australasian truffle-like fungi. IX. History and current trends in the study of the taxonomy of sequestrate macrofungi from Australia and New Zealand." Australian Systematic Botany 12, no. 6 (1999): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb97039.

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Australian sequestrate macrofungi have not been studied extensively until recently, even though their presence in Australia was recognised over 120 years ago by Baron Ferdinand von Mueller in connection with mycophagy by marsupials. The early mycological history in Australia is linked to the first expeditions and collections of plant material by naturalists from 1790 to 1830. These collections were sent to, and described by, foreign mycologists such as the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, the Rev. C. Kalchbrenner and E. M. Fries. M. C. Cooke's (1892) Handbook of Australian Fungi was the first attempt at compiling an Australian mycoflora. D. McAlpine and L. Rodway were the first resident collectors to expand on the information collated by Cooke. Later, G. H. Cunningham (1944) wrote The Gasteromycetes of New Zealand and Australia, bringing together the taxonomy of all known sequestrate macrofungi in the region. By 1895 approximately 2000 species of fungi had been recorded from Australia, 32 of them sequestrate. Recent intensive efforts in limited habitats have expanded our knowledge considerably, with more than 600 new species of sequestrate fungi recorded over the past 7 years. Many more remain to be discovered in Australia and New Zealand and knowledge of their biology and ecology needs to be developed.

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Valentine, Leonie E., Hannah Anderson, Giles E. StJ Hardy, and Patricia A. Fleming. "Foraging activity by the southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus) as a mechanism for soil turnover." Australian Journal of Zoology 60, no. 6 (2012): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo13030.

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Mammals that forage for food by biopedturbation can alter the biotic and abiotic characteristics of their habitat, influencing ecosystem structure and function. Bandicoots, bilbies, bettongs and potoroos are the primary digging marsupials in Australia, although most of these species have declined throughout their range. This study used a snapshot approach to estimate the soil turnover capacity of the southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus, Shaw 1797), a persisting digging Australian marsupial, at Yalgorup National Park, Western Australia. The number of southern brown bandicoots was estimated using mark–recapture techniques. To provide an index of digging activity per animal, we quantified the number of new foraging pits and bandicoot nose pokes across 18 plots within the same area. The amount of soil displaced and physical structure of foraging pits were examined from moulds of 47 fresh foraging pits. We estimated that an individual southern brown bandicoot could create ~45 foraging pits per day, displacing ~10.74 kg of soil, which extrapolates to ~3.9 tonnes of soil each year. The digging activities of the southern brown bandicoots are likely to be a critical component of soil ecosystem processes.

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Anderson, S., and LF Marcus. "Aerography of Australian Tetrapods." Australian Journal of Zoology 40, no. 6 (1992): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9920627.

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The sizes of geographic ranges of species of Australian tetrapod groups form 'hollow curve' frequency distributions, with most species having small ranges. Geometric means for range size (in 10(5) km2 units) are 1.2 for frogs and toads, 1.7 for turtles, 2.2 for lizards, 3.2 for snakes, 6.6 for birds, 2.6 for marsupials, 5.1 for bats and 2.1 for rodents. Species' densities are compared for different groups. A map of superimposed species boundaries for mammals demonstrates some relatively homogeneous faunal areas separated by distinct and narrow faunal boundaries but this is not the general pattern. The principal axes of species ranges for many groups are oriented parallel to and near coasts. Species centred on the interior tend to have larger ranges. Estimates or measurements of range size tend to be better if there are more published records, specimens, known localities of occurrence, and ecological data. Australia, in proportion to its area, has more anurans, lizards (and other reptiles), and marsupials, and it has fewer rodents and bats than North America. The ranking of groups for mean range size is the same in both continents except that Anura have smaller ranges than lizards in Australia.

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Hernández, Leonardo H. Almeida, Thito Y. Bezerra da Paz, Sandro Patroca da Silva, Fábio S. da Silva, Bruno C. Veloso de Barros, Bruno T. Diniz Nunes, Lívia M. Neves Casseb, Daniele B. Almeida Medeiros, Pedro F. da Costa Vasconcelos, and Ana C. Ribeiro Cruz. "First Genomic Evidence of a Henipa-like Virus in Brazil." Viruses 14, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 2167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14102167.

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The viral genus Henipavirus includes two highly virulent zoonotic viruses of serious public health concern. Hendra henipavirus and Nipah henipavirus outbreaks are restricted to Australia and Southeast Asia, respectively. The Henipavirus genus comprises mostly bat-borne viruses, but exceptions have already been described as novel viruses with rodents and shrews as reservoir animals. In the Americas, scarce evidence supports the circulation of these viruses. In this communication, we report a novel henipa-like virus from opossums (Marmosa demerarae) from a forest fragment area in the Peixe-Boi municipality, Brazil, after which the virus was named the Peixe-Boi virus (PBV). The application of next-generation sequencing and metagenomic approach led us to discover the original evidence of a henipa-like virus genome in Brazil and South America and the original description of a henipa-like virus in marsupial species. These findings emphasize the importance of further studies to characterize PBV and clarify its ecology, impact on public health, and its relationship with didelphid marsupials and henipaviruses.

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Lindenmayer, D. B. "Differences in the Biology and Ecology of Arboreal Marsupials in Forests of Southeastern Australia." Journal of Mammalogy 78, no. 4 (November 26, 1997): 1117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1383054.

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Fisher, Diana O., Chris N. Johnson, Michael J. Lawes, Susanne A. Fritz, Hamish McCallum, Simon P. Blomberg, Jeremy VanDerWal, et al. "The current decline of tropical marsupials in Australia: is history repeating?" Global Ecology and Biogeography 23, no. 2 (June 7, 2013): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.12088.

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Stobo-Wilson, Alyson M., Brett P. Murphy, Teigan Cremona, and Susan M. Carthew. "Contrasting patterns of decline in two arboreal marsupials from Northern Australia." Biodiversity and Conservation 28, no. 11 (June 18, 2019): 2951–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01807-7.

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Noble, James C., David S. Hik, and Anthony R. E. Sinclair. "Landscape ecology of the burrowing bettong: fire and marsupial biocontrol of shrubs in semi-arid Australia." Rangeland Journal 29, no. 1 (2007): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj06041.

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Prior to European settlement, medium-sized marsupials, especially bettongs (Bettongia spp.), were widely distributed across arid and semi-arid Australia. Most disappeared rapidly in the late 1800s in the earliest settled rangelands such as the West Darling region of western New South Wales following the spread of domestic herbivores, rabbit invasion, exotic predators and loss of habitat. Because the burrowing bettong (Bettongia lesueur) is the only fossorial macropod species, it left a clearly visible record of its past presence, distribution and habitat preferences in the form of substantial relict warrens, particularly in stony, ‘hard-red’ habitats. With the reduction in fire frequency because of excessive grazing pressures following European settlement in the 19th century, there was a rapid increase in the density of unpalatable native shrubs. We examine the hypothesis that periodic wildfires and browsing by bettongs were together able to regulate shrub densities in semi-arid rangelands in Australia. Information from various sources concerning the effects of fire, rainfall and browsing on the demography of shrubs was used to construct a model of shrub population dynamics. The model indicates the potential for two states for a given bettong density: first, a low shrub density maintained by a combination of periodic fire and bettong browsing; and second, a high shrub density in the absence of fire. These results have broad implications for pastoral and conservation management in Australian semi-arid rangelands.

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Warnecke, Lisa, Gerhard Körtner, Chris J. Burwell, James M. Turner, and Fritz Geiser. "Short-term movement patterns and diet of small dasyurid marsupials in semiarid Australia." Australian Mammalogy 34, no. 1 (2012): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am10052.

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Since little information is available on the spatial ecology of small arid-zone marsupials, we used radio-tracking to investigate the small-scale activity patterns of three dasyurid species in semiarid Australia. Sminthopsis crassicaudata, Planigale gilesi and S. macroura were equipped with miniature radio-transmitters to monitor choice of resting sites and daily movements. Resting sites were located within an area of 1.27 ± 0.36 ha, 0.12 ± 0.02 ha and 3.60 ± 0.95 ha, respectively and individuals returned to previously used resting sites regularly. We also analysed scat samples of S. crassicaudata and P. gilesi, and identified Araneae, Hymenoptera and Orthoptera as the major prey taxa for both species. Our study presents the first radio-tracking-based information on movements for these species in semiarid habitat, which indicates that, over a period of several weeks, resting sites are situated within small and defined areas.

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Pavey, Chris R., Catherine E. M. Nano, and Matthias Waltert. "Population dynamics of dasyurid marsupials in dryland Australia: Variation across habitat and time." Austral Ecology 45, no. 3 (January 9, 2020): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aec.12854.

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Laurance, William F., and Susan G. W. Laurance. "Responses of Five Arboreal Marsupials to Recent Selective Logging in Tropical Australia." Biotropica 28, no. 3 (September 1996): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2389195.

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White, Neil A. "Ecology of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) in rural south-east Queensland, Australia." Wildlife Research 26, no. 6 (1999): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr98002.

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This study investigated home-range size, utilisation of tree species and patches, and the influence of spacing behaviour by females on social organisation. It was undertaken in south-east Queensland in an area dominated by agricultural activity (beef and dairy cattle and cropping). Extensive clearing in the study area resulted in patches of vegetation that varied in size from less that 1 ha to blocks of 50–100 ha. Eucalyptus tereticornis and E. crebra were the dominant species in these patches and koalas used both species. The average home-range size (delineated by the 95% probability polygon from a kernel estimator) was 34.4 ha and 15.0 ha for males and females respectively; that delineated by the 70% probability polygon was 12.5 ha and 5.0 ha for males and females respectively. Koalas were not reliant on corridor systems and sometimes moved further than 5 km in a season. Koalas have few non-food-related requirements, i.e. they do not need den sites, nest sites, display areas, etc. Furthermore, they do not utilise the understorey and their mobility between patches does not appear to be compromised by the absence of corridors of trees. It is suggested that, in comparison with other arboreal marsupials, it should be relatively easy to provide habitat for koalas within rural areas.

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Kirsch, JAW, C. Krajewski, MS Springer, and M. Archer. "Dna-Dna Hybridization Studies of Carnivorous Marsupials .2. Relationships Among Dasyurids (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 38, no. 6 (1990): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9900673.

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A suite of comparisons among ten radiolabelled dasyurid species and one outgroup bandicoot was generated using the hydroxyapatite chromatography method of DNA-DNA hybridisation; comparisons were also made with four other dasyurid taxa. Square matrices of DELTA-T(m)s, DELTA-Modes, and DELTA-T50H's were complied and corrected for reciprocity, additivity, and, in the case of DELTA-T(m)'s, normalised percentages of hybridisation. These matrices were analysed using the FITCH algorithm in Felsenstein's PHYLIP (Version 3.1), and all distinct topologies were jackknifed to test for internal consistency. Additionally, uncorrected DELTA-T(m), DELTA-Mode, and DELTA-T50H datasets were bootstrapped and subjected to phylogenetic analysis to assess measurement imprecision. FITCH trees from folded matrices including unlabelled species or those for which heteroduplex comparisons were incomplete were also calculated and jack-knifed, both before and after correction. With the exception of limited measurements to Dasyuroides byrnei and Dasykaluta rosamondae, which showed affinities with Dasyurus spp., the final tree was fully resolved: Sminthopsis crassicaudata and S. murina, together with the more distant Planigale maculata, are the sister-group to all other dasyurids examined, which in turn comprise two clades. One of these includes Dasyurus, Dasyuroides, and Dasykaluta; the other, 'true' Antechinus (A. flavipes, A. stuartii, A. swainsonii) as a sister-group to Antechinus melanurus plus Murexia longicaudata, with Phascogale tapoatafa representing a probable sister-group to all Antechinus with Murexia. DNA-DNA hybridisation provides no support for the genus Satanellus: most of the trees linked Dasyurus albopunctatus with D. maculatus instead of D. hallucatus. Similarly, Antechinus flavipes and A. stuartii appear to be closer to each other than either is to A. swainsonii. The historical biogeographic significance of the adopted phylogeny is considered, and it is concluded that the putative early Miocene separation of Australia and New Guinea was probably too early to account for the independent evolution of the New Guinean clade.

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Westerman, Michael, Mark J. Blacket, Ashley Hintz, Kyle Armstrong, Patricia A. Woolley, and Carey Krajewski. "A plethora of planigales: genetic variability and cryptic species in a genus of dasyurid marsupials from northern Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 5 (2016): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo16052.

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Multiple mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences reveal substantial genetic variation within the dasyurid marsupial genus Planigale, suggesting greater taxonomic diversity than is currently recognised. To further investigate planigale relationships 116 new mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences, including 16 new specimens, were added to our database. We confirm the presence of an unrecognised species (Planigale ‘species 1’) limited to the Pilbara region of Western Australia and suggest that the ‘Mt Tom Price’ animals may be closely related to Planigale ingrami subtilissima. We also confirm that at least four distinct genetic lineages make up what is currently recognised as P. maculata. This complex of closely related taxa represents a radiation of sibling species rather than a single, genetically diverse one. Three of these lineages (M1 + M2, M3 and M4) are distributed sympatrically across the Top End of Australia and one (M5 = P. maculata sensu stricto) is localised to the eastern coast of Australia. Within the Planigale ingrami complex, Planigale ‘Mt Tom Price’ (lineage Ing. 1) occurs in the Pilbara in sympatry with Planigale ‘species 1’ and lineage Ing. 2 is found in the Northern Territory in sympatry with species of the P. maculata complex. There is thus a plethora of northern Australian planigales, many of which are formally undescribed and whose geographic ranges require careful re-evaluation.

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BEVERIDGE, I., and S. SHAMSI. "Revision of the Progamotaenia festiva species complex (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) from Australasian marsupials, with the resurrection of P. fellicola (Nybelin, 1917) comb. nov." Zootaxa 1990, no. 1 (January 30, 2009): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1990.1.1.

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Examination of all available specimens currently identified as Progamotaenia festiva from macropodid and vombatid marsupials together with comparison with published genetic data has allowed the recognition of seven new species based on morphological differences: P. adspersa sp. nov. from Macropus irma (Jourdan) from Western Australia, P. aemulans sp. nov. from Macropus dorsalis (Gray) from Queensland, P. corniculata sp. nov. from Lagorchestes conspicillatus Gould from Queensland, P. dilatata sp. nov. from Wallabia bicolor (Desmarest) from Victoria, New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and Queensland, P. onychogale sp. nov. from Onychogalea unguifera (Gould) from Queensland, P. pulchella sp. nov. from Setonix brachyurus (Quoy & Gaimard) from Western Australia, and P. vombati sp. nov. from Vombatus ursinus (Shaw) from Victoria, New South Wales and the Australian Capital territory. Progamotaenia fellicola (Nybelin, 1917) comb. nov. is resurrected and is reported from Macropus agilis (Gould) from Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland in Australia as well as from Papua New Guinea. Within the redefined taxon P. festiva (Rudolphi, 1819), three morphotypes were recognised: the first lacking a space between the testis fields and the osmoregulatory canals, found in M. giganteus Shaw (type host), M. rufus (Desmarest), M. robustus Gould and M. dorsalis, the second with a space between the testis fields and the osmoregulatory canals, found in M. parryi Bennett and M. robustus and the third, with a space between the testis fields and the osmoregulatory canals but with a greater number of testes per segment, found in M. antilopinus (Gould) and M. robustus. Because the morphotypes are not entirely concordant with the genetic groups identified within P. festiva, all have been retained provisionally within this taxon.

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Soderquist, TR. "Maternal Strategies of Phascogale-Tapoatafa (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae) .1. Breeding Seasonality and Maternal Investment." Australian Journal of Zoology 41, no. 6 (1993): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9930549.

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Phascogale tapoatafa, an arboreal carnivorous marsupial, is the largest mammal in which an obligate yearly die-off of all males occurs. The species is one of the most widespread of Australian marsupials, being found in tropical, subtropical and temperate forests and woodlands of Australia. Its breeding season varies little throughout this range, with most births occurring in July. In three Victorian populations, 2-year-old females typically gave birth earlier than first-year females, births were spread on average over 15 days, and, in some years, occurred two weeks earlier than average. Modal litter size equalled the number of teats (8), but litters of 1-6 young comprised 29% of the sample (n = 45), and litter size averaged 6.6 young. The sex ratio of litters produced by second-year females was significantly male-biased (0.62); that of first-year females was 0.48. When juveniles first released the teats (c. 48 days of age), they weighed about 4 g. Weight gain by captive juveniles was more rapid than that of wild conspecifics prior to weaning, but skeletal growth rate and morphological development were similar. Total lactational investment by P. tapoatafa is much greater than expected for a dasyurid of its size (wild litters at weaning average 313% of maternal weight; captive litters average 370%). The high mortality of wild adult females during lactation may reflect this energetic drain.

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Fisher, D. O., and C. R. Dickman. "Diets of insectivorous marsupials in arid Australia: selection for prey type, size or hardness?" Journal of Arid Environments 25, no. 4 (November 1993): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.1993.1072.

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LINDENMAYER, D. B., and R. B. CUNNINGHAM. "Patterns of co-occurrence among arboreal marsupials in the forests of central Victoria, southeastern Australia." Austral Ecology 22, no. 3 (September 1997): 340–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1997.tb00680.x.

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Fleming, MR. "The Thermal Physiology of the Feathertail Glider, Acrobates Pygmaeus (Marsupialia:Burramyidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 33, no. 5 (1985): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9850667.

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Feathertail gliders are small arboreal marsupials from south-eastern Australia. Laboratory studies found that body temperature was labile and varied by 3.5�C throughout the day. Body temperature (Tb) control was stricter at low ambient temperature (Ta). Within the narrow thermal neutral zone (TNZ, 34.0-35.1�C), the basal metabolic rate was 2.11 W kg-0.75 (mean body mass 14.0 g) which is 13% lower than expected for a marsupial. Mass specific thermal conductance decreased with T, and the fleshy gliding membranes did not appear to contribute to the insulation. Huddling in groups of four or eight significantly reduced an individual's energy use. During torpor, Tb fell to close to Ta, the lowest Tb being 6.9�C, but torpor rarely lasted longer than 24 h. Groups of feathertail gliders often became torpid and showed a similar pattern of oxygen use during torpor to that seen in individuals. Some groups contained both torpid and normothermic individuals. This situation may benefit the torpid animals by reducing the cost of arousal and increasing the rate of rewarming.

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Petit, Sophie, and Helen P. Waudby. "Standard Operating Procedures for aluminium box, wire cage, and pitfall trapping, handling, and temporary housing of small wild rodents and marsupials." Australian Journal of Zoology 60, no. 6 (2012): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo12102.

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Many researchers and educators need to provide Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to their Animal Ethics Committee (AEC) for the purpose of trapping, handling, and temporarily housing small mammals. We devised general SOPs that are compatible with most existing ones for Australia and had these SOPs reviewed by a panel of Australian experts. The SOPs may be used as guidelines by researchers who need to provide such protocols to their organisation or AEC, or in teaching.

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SIMÕES, MARIANA BRANDÃO, NARCISA IMACULADA BRANT MOREIRA, and YURI LUIZ REIS LEITE. "First record of Pterygodermatites (Pterygodermatites) (Nematoda: Rictulariidae) in South America, with the description of a new species from the Atlantic Forest, southeast Brazil." Zootaxa 4629, no. 1 (July 4, 2019): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4629.1.7.

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Pterygodermatites are parasitic nematodes found in mammals worldwide, except Australia. There are 38 described species, which are found parasitizing bats, rodents, marsupials, carnivores and primates. We present taxonomic notes on nematodes collected from the digestive tract of bats from the Atlantic Forest in southeast Brazil. Two species previously recorded in marsupials in this region, Pterygodermatites (Paucipectines) elegans and Pterygodermatites (Paucipectines) jagerskioldi, were found parasitizing molossid and vespertilionid bats, respectively. A new species Pterygodermatites (Pterygodermatites) atlanticaensis found in phyllostomid bats is here described. Despite earlier work based on females, taxonomic work on this group of nematodes is usually based on male characters, such as position and number of caudal papillae, which is a problem because males are short-lived and not easily found. Here we also describe in detail female characters, such as position of the last pair of cuticular processes relative to the posterior end. This is the first record of P. (Pterygodermatites) in South America and the first record of P. (Paucipectines) jagerskioldi in bats.

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Morton, S. R., and A. Baynes. "Small mammal assemblages in arid Australia: a reappraisal." Australian Mammalogy 8, no. 3 (July 1, 1985): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am85016.

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Previous interpretations of small mammal assemblages in arid Australia are reappraised in the light of new knowledge. First, analysis of skeletal remains from the surfaces of cave deposits at 15 sites in the western ariel zone shows that species richness of rodents and polyprotoclont marsupials has declined to 44% and 41% of the pre-European numbers. Those species that survived European settlement tend to be small or to inhabit rocky outcrops. We suggest that the extinctions preferentially occurred among species that were more specialised in habitat or diet: the remaining species are relatively opportunistic (or r-selected). Consequently, current perceptions that "plagueing" species dominate small mammal assemblages were probably not true of the original fauna. Second, studies of seedeating animals in arid Australia suggest that birds and ants are the principal granivores because their body-plans best suit them to an uncertain seed supply resulting from climatic peculiarities; there is no evidence that they have excluded rodents from the seed resource over evolutionary time. Few Australian desert-dwelling rodents appear to be specialised granivores, probably because of the variability in seed supply. We suggest that the preponderance of work conducted on North American heteromyicl rodents has led to a misplaced assumption that granivory is the most successful way of life for desert-dwelling rodents, and that the prominence of omnivory and insectivory in Australia demonstrates that different arid ecosystems favour different trophic strategies among small mammals.

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Old, Julie M., and Hayley J. Stannard. "Corrigendum to: Conservation of quolls (Dasyurus spp.) in captivity – a review." Australian Mammalogy 43, no. 3 (2021): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am20033_co.

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Quolls are carnivorous marsupials in the family Dasyuridae with characteristic white spots. They are distributed throughout Australia and New Guinea, but uncommonly seen due to their mostly nocturnal solitary nature, and large home ranges. All Australian quolls are listed as ‘near threatened' or ‘endangered' at state, national and international levels, largely due to human-induced threats. Threats include introduced predators, habitat loss through clearing and modifications including changed fire regimes, disease, human persecution, vehicle collisions and accidental or targeted poisoning by humans and cane toads (Rhinella marina). Conservation efforts that have focussed on reducing introduced predators, and minimising the impact of cane toads, have aided some translocations, hence species recovery in some local areas of Australia has occurred. Where species conservation has required captive breeding for translocation, successful captive management has been crucial. We summarise research conducted in captivity on aspects of birth and development, health and disease, and blood and nutrition parameters of quolls, and suggest future directions for research. Further research on captive and wild quoll populations will benefit future translocations, reintroductions and conservation through increased knowledge, improved maintenance and husbandry of captive colonies, and monitoring of wild populations.

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Cooper, Steven J. B., Kym Ottewell, Anna J. MacDonald, Mark Adams, Margaret Byrne, Susan M. Carthew, Mark D. B. Eldridge, et al. "Phylogeography of southern brown and golden bandicoots: implications for the taxonomy and distribution of endangered subspecies and species." Australian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 6 (2018): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo19052.

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Southern brown (Isoodon obesulus) and golden (Isoodon auratus) bandicoots are iconic Australian marsupials that have experienced dramatic declines since European settlement. Conservation management programs seek to protect the remaining populations; however, these programs are impeded by major taxonomic uncertainties. We investigated the history of population connectivity to inform subspecies and species boundaries through a broad-scale phylogeographic and population genetic analysis of Isoodon taxa. Our analyses reveal a major east–west phylogeographic split within I. obesulus/I. auratus, supported by both mtDNA and nuclear gene analyses, which is not coincident with the current species or subspecies taxonomy. In the eastern lineage, all Tasmanian samples formed a distinct monophyletic haplotype group to the exclusion of all mainland samples, indicative of long-term isolation of this population from mainland Australia and providing support for retention of the subspecific status of the Tasmanian population (I. o. affinis). Analyses further suggest that I. o. obesulus is limited to south-eastern mainland Australia, representing a significant reduction in known range. However, the analyses provide no clear consensus on the taxonomic status of bandicoot populations within the western lineage, with further analyses required, ideally incorporating data from historical museum specimens to fill distributional gaps.

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Lindenmayer, DB, RB Cunningham, MT Tanton, and HA Nix. "Aspects of the Use of Den Trees by Arboreal and Scansorial Marsupials Inhabiting Montane Ash Forests in Victoria." Australian Journal of Zoology 39, no. 1 (1991): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9910057.

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The time and height of emergence from den trees occupied by various species of arboreal marsupials inhabiting the montane ash forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria, in south-east Australia, were recorded from September 1988 to January 1989. There were significant differences in emergence time among most species of arboreal marsupials. Emergence time was strongly correlated with published values of body weight, field metabolic rate and standard metabolic rate. The entrance to the nest was higher in gliding species than those which are non-volant. Small species exhibited a significant preference for den sites with a hole as the entrance. The entrance of a den occupied by large species was typically a hole in a hollow branch or spout. The selection of den sites was related to the body size of the occupant. Differences in the type and height of the entrance to the nest, together with the time of emergence from the den, indicate partitioning of the nest tree resource between the various species inhabiting montane ash forests.

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KANOWSKI, JOHN, JOHN W. WINTER, and CARLA P. CATTERALL. "Impacts of Cyclone Larry on arboreal folivorous marsupials endemic to upland rainforests of the Atherton Tableland, Australia." Austral Ecology 33, no. 4 (June 2008): 541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2008.01909.x.

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34

Griffiths, M., and N. G. Simms. "Observations on the anatomy of mammary glands in two species of conilurine rodent (Muridae: Hydromyinae) and in an opossum (Marsupialia: Didelphidae)." Australian Mammalogy 16, no. 1 (1993): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am93002.

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The pups of Pseudomys nanus and P. australis are attached to their mothers' teats for extended periods of time, analogous to the situation encountered in pouchless marsupials. The structures in the mammary glands involved in facilitating prolonged attachment are different in the two rodent species and both kinds are different from those in marsupial glands including those of Monodelphis domestica, the subject of the present study. In P. nanus, the teats are anchored to postero-ventrally directed, tubular diverticula of the body wall. In P. australis there are no diverticula. However, support for the mammary glands and teats is afforded by the body wall, in the form of two well-developed fan-shaped muscles dorsal to the mammary glands in conjunction with a broad lamina of connective tissue, smooth and striated muscle situated between the skin of the belly and the mammary glands. In M. domestica, the teats are anchored to swathes of striated voluntary muscle, derived from the ilio-marsupialis muscles which pass ventrally through the secretory parenchyma to be inserted onto the bases of the teats. Since this musculature has not been observed in the mammary glands of any eutherians so far studied, nor in those of Monotremata, it is put that it is a character unique to the Marsupialia.

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35

Sheedy, Elizabeth M., Martin Ryberg, Teresa Lebel, Tom W. May, Neale L. Bougher, and P. Brandon Matheny. "Dating the emergence of truffle-like fungi in Australia, by using an augmented meta-analysis." Australian Systematic Botany 29, no. 5 (2016): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb16025.

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Australia supports a high diversity of sequestrate (truffle-like) macrofungi. This has long been thought to be related to the predominantly or seasonally dry climate. The present study posits that if aridity were a key factor in the evolution of sequestrate fruit-bodies, most sequestrate species would have emerged in Australia only after it began to aridify, which occurred post-separation with Antarctica (c. 32 million years ago). Focusing on the high phylogenetic diversity of sequestrate taxa in the Agaricomycetes in Australia, dates of sequestrate nodes were compiled directly from published phylogenies (four lineages) or created using sequences available on GenBank that were processed in BEAST using a secondary calibration method (nine lineages). Although the morphologically diverse Hysterangiales was found to be the first group to become sequestrate, c. 83 million years ago, overall sequestration in Australia occurred more recently. Models were created and compared and support was found for an increased rate of sequestration in Australia at some point between 34 and 13 million years ago (during the Oligocene and Miocene). Although the rate of sequestration is shown to have increased in Australia after separation from Antarctica, the timing also overlaps with the radiation of potential mycorrhizal plant associates, and the emergence of specialised mycophagous marsupials. Although aridification is evidently not the sole driver of sequestration, it is still likely to have had a major influence on the diversity of sequestrate fungi in Australia. Comparisons with other regions of high sequestrate diversity will be informative.

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36

Hill, Nichola J., Elizabeth M. Deane, and Michelle L. Power. "Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Cryptosporidium Isolates from Common Brushtail Possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) Adapted to Urban Settings." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 17 (July 18, 2008): 5549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00809-08.

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ABSTRACT The common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is one of the most abundant native marsupials in urban Australia, having successfully adapted to utilize anthropogenic resources. The habituation of possums to food and shelter available in human settlements has facilitated interaction with people, pets, and zoo animals, increasing the potential for transmission of zoonotic Cryptosporidium pathogens. This study sought to examine the identity and prevalence of Cryptosporidium species occurring in possums adapted to urban settings compared to possums inhabiting remote woodlands far from urban areas and to characterize the health of the host in response to oocyst shedding. Findings indicated that both populations were shedding oocysts of the same genotype (brushtail possum 1 [BTP1]) that were genetically and morphologically distinct from zoonotic species and genotypes and most closely related to Cryptosporidium species from marsupials. The urban population was shedding an additional five Cryptosporidium isolates that were genetically distinct from BTP1 and formed a sister clade with Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis. Possums that were shedding oocysts showed no evidence of pathogenic changes, including elevated levels of white blood cells, diminished body condition (body mass divided by skeletal body length), or reduced nutritional state, suggesting a stable host-parasite relationship typical of Cryptosporidium species that are adapted to the host. Overall, Cryptosporidium occurred with a higher prevalence in possums from urban habitat (11.3%) than in possums from woodland habitat (5.6%); however, the host-specific nature of the genotypes may limit spillover infection in the urban setting. This study determined that the coexistence of possums with sympatric populations of humans, pets, and zoo animals in the urban Australian environment is unlikely to present a threat to public health safety.

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Haythornthwaite, Adele S., and Christopher R. Dickman. "Distribution, abundance, and individual strategies: a multi-scale analysis of dasyurid marsupials in arid central Australia." Ecography 29, no. 3 (March 29, 2006): 285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0906-7590.04307.x.

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38

Ward, SJ. "Life-History of the Feathertail Glider, Acrobates-Pygmaeus (Acrobatidae, Marsupialia) in South-Eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 38, no. 5 (1990): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9900503.

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Acrobates pygmaeus was captured in nestboxes in three areas of central and southern Victoria: the Gembrook-Cockatoo area and Nar Nar Goon North east of Melbourne, and Daylesford north-west of Melbourne. Breeding was strictly seasonal and females produced two litters between July and February each year. Males also showed seasonal fluctuation in testes sizes. Mean litter size was 3.5 at birth and 2.5 at weaning. Pouch life lasted 65 days and young were weaned at approximately 100 days of age. Growth was slow and maternal investment in each young was high, and continued after weaning. Most individuals matured in the season following their birth, but some males did not mature until the second season after their birth. Maximum field longevity was at least three years. Comparisons are made with other small diprotodont marsupials.

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Pahl, L. I., J. W. Winter, and G. Heinsohn. "Variation in responses of arboreal marsupials to fragmentation of tropical rainforest in north eastern Australia." Biological Conservation 46, no. 1 (1988): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(88)90109-7.

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40

Kirsch, John A. W., Mark S. Springer, and François-Joseph Lapointe. "DNA-hybridisation Studies of Marsupials and their Implications for Metatherian Classification." Australian Journal of Zoology 45, no. 3 (1997): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo96030.

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We review past DNA-hybridisation studies of marsupials and present a reanalysis of the data, utilising results from our and additional studies to formulate and rationalise a new classification of Marsupialia. In the reanalysis, 13 individual DNA-hybridisation matrices, many lacking some pairwise comparisons, were sutured in stages to provide the basis for generating a tree of 101 marsupials plus an outgroup eutherian; a fourteenth matrix provided data for a tree including eight additional eutherians and a monotreme. Validation was achieved by jackknifing on taxa for each matrix as well as on tables combining two or more matrices generated during assembly of the 102-taxon data set. The results are consistent with most conclusions from the individual studies and dramatise the unevenness of hierarchical levels in current classifications of marsupials. In particular, the affinities of the American marsupial Dromiciops gliroides with, and the distinctness of marsupial bandicoots from, Australasian metatherians are reaffirmed, while opossums are shown to be as internally divergent as are most members of the order Diprotodontia. Calibration of the 102-taxon tree and dating of the major dichotomies suggest that no extant marsupial lineage originated before the latest Cretaceous, and that all of them together with most South American and all Australasian fossils should be recognised as a monophyletic group contrasting with a largely Laurasian (if possibly paraphyletic) taxon. These inferences, together with the details of the phylogeny, mandate that the misleading ‘Australian’ v. ‘American’ distinction be abandoned, even as a geographic convenience.

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Michael, Damian R., Sam Niedra, and Dylan McWhinney. "The conservation of arboreal marsupials in the Albury‐Wodonga region of south‐eastern Australia." Ecological Management & Restoration 22, no. 1 (January 2021): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emr.12445.

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42

Beveridge, I. "Revision of Coronostrongylus (Nematoda : Strongyloidea) parasitic in the stomachs of macropodid marsupials." Invertebrate Systematics 16, no. 6 (2002): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is02007.

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The monotypic nematode genus Coronostrongylus Johnston & Mawson, 1939 from the stomachs of macropodid marsupials was reviewed and was found to consist of a least seven closely related species. Coronostrongylus coronatus Johnston & Mawson, 1939 is found most commonly in Macropus rufogriseus, but occurs occasionally in M. dorsalis, M. parryi and Petrogale inornata. Coronostrongylus johnsoni, sp. nov. is most commonly found in M. dorsalis, but occurs also in M. rufogriseus, M. parma, Thylogale stigmatica, Petrogale godmani and P. brachyotis. Coronostrongylus barkeri, sp. nov. is most prevalent in Onychogalea unguifera, but occurs also in M. rufus, M. robustus and P. brachyotis. Coronostrongylus closei, sp. nov. is restricted to Petrogale persephone. Coronostrongylus sharmani, sp. nov. occurs only in rock wallabies from eastern Australia: P.�coenensis, P. godmani and P. mareeba; C. spratti, sp. nov. occurs in P. inornata and P. assimilis. Coronostrongylus spearei, sp. nov. is restricted to Papua New Guinea where it is found in Dorcopsulus vanhearni, Dorcopsis hageni and D. muelleri. Although all of the nematode species occur in one principal host species or a series of closely related host species, occurrences in geographically disjunct areas and in phylogenetically distant hosts are features of C. coronatus, C. barkeri, sp. nov. and C. johnsoni, sp. nov. The occurrence of seven closely related nematode species found in a wide range of macropodid host species is more readily accounted for by a hypothesis involving multiple colonisations of hosts than by the hypothesis of co-speciation.

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Triggs, SJ. "Population-Genetics of the Brushtail Possum Trichosurus-Vulpecula (Marsupialia: Phalangeridae) in Southeastern Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 37, no. 5 (1989): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9890545.

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Electrophoretic analysis of variation at 45 allozyme loci in four populations of common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in southeastern Australia revealed a mean observed heterozygosity of 0.044; 20% of loci were polymorphic. These values are comparable to the amount of allozyme variation found in other marsupials and in eutherians. Heterozygosity was significantly correlated with latitude. Absolute genetic divergence between the four populations was low (Nei's unbiased D of 0.004-0.017), relative to the level of divergence commonly found between populations and subspecies of other mammals. Genetic divergence between Tasmanian and mainland populations was no greater than that found between mainland populations, hence the present subspecific status of the Tasmanian possum, Trichosurus vulpecula fuliginosus, is not supported by genetic data. Relative genetic differentiation among the populations, as measured by the fixation index FST, was 0.145, suggesting that the population structure of possums is comparable to moderately vagile species rather than either highly social or highly vagile species.

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Schmidt, Gerald D., and Stanley J. Edmonds. "Australiformis semoni (Linstow, 1898) n. gen., n. comb. (Acanthocephala: Moniliformidae) from Marsupials of Australia and New Guinea." Journal of Parasitology 75, no. 2 (April 1989): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3282769.

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45

Grealy, Alicia, Matthew McDowell, Clancy Retallick, Michael Bunce, and David Peacock. "Novel mitochondrial haplotype of spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) present on Kangaroo Island (South Australia) prior to extirpation." Holocene 30, no. 1 (September 20, 2019): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683619875805.

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Spotted-tailed quolls ( Dasyurus maculatus) – cat-sized, carnivorous marsupials – occupied Kangaroo Island (KI), South Australia, for over 50,000 years but became locally extinct following European settlement of the island in 1836. As the largest mammalian predator on KI when the Europeans colonised it, spotted-tailed quolls would have played a significant role in maintaining healthy ecosystem function. The reintroduction of spotted-tailed quolls to KI could redress some of these ecological benefits and would establish a refuge population of the species, which is considered endangered by the Australian government. However, before a reintroduction could be considered, the genetic relationship between KI’s spotted-tailed quolls and the currently recognised extant subspecies needs to be established. While subspecies are difficult to differentiate by skeletal morphology, they are genetically distinct. Here, we extracted ancient DNA from five left dentaries excavated from Kelly Hill Cave (KI) that were morphologically identified as D. maculatus. Following genetic confirmation of these identifications, we sequenced a 450-bp region of the mitochondrial D-loop to determine the subspecific genetic affiliation(s) of KI’s D. maculatus, and therefore the subspecies that may be the most appropriate candidate for reintroduction. We find that all five specimens are most closely related to the Tasmanian subspecies, but form a distinct monophyletic clade that may represent a new subspecies. Further research (including genotyping spotted-tailed quoll specimens from mainland South Australia and Western Victoria) is required before decisions are made regarding the sourcing of individuals for reintroduction to KI.

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Lindenmayer, D. B., R. B. Cunningham, and M. A. McCarthy. "The conservation of arboreal marsupials in the montane ash forests of the central highlands of Victoria, south-eastern Australia. VIII. Landscape analysis of the occurrence of arboreal marsupials." Biological Conservation 89, no. 1 (July 1999): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(98)00116-5.

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Morton, SR, JH Brown, DA Kelt, and JRW Reid. "Comparisons of Community Structure Among Small Mammals of North-American and Australian Deserts." Australian Journal of Zoology 42, no. 4 (1994): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9940501.

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Data on the presence of small mammal species at 201 sites in North American deserts and 245 in arid Australia were used to quantify similarities and differences in community structure between the two continents. In all, 41 species of rodents were sampled in North America and 26 species, both rodents and marsupials, in Australia. On both continents, each species occurred throughout its geographic range with many other species and as a member of many different combinations. The number of species with which each species coexisted was positively correlated with its area of geographic range, although most species occurred at less than half the sites within their ranges. The median number of species at a site was three in North America and two in Australia, but the numbers of species per site on the two continents were not significantly different. Despite the relatively small numbers of species per site, numerous different combinations of species were observed (North America, 158; Australia, 108). Communities in North America were dominated by granivores and in Australia by omnivores; insectivores were also prominent in Australia. These results support conclusions of an earlier study of granivorous rodents in North America, in suggesting that there is substantial spatial variation in the composition of small mammal communities. The magnitude of this variation indicates that species and communities tend to be individualistic in spatial distribution, such that communities are not tightly restricted to particular specific combinations. There is evidence from North America that deterministic processes play a limited role in determining community structure; no such analyses have yet been undertaken for communities in arid Australia. Trophic structure of communities is markedly different on the two continents. Not all trophic differences can presently be explained, but they may be due to differences between the continents in temporal patterns of food supply.

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48

Santamaria, Flavia, Rolf Schlagloth, Ludovica Valenza, Rupert Palme, Deidre de Villiers, and Joerg Henning. "The Effect of Disease and Injury on Faecal Cortisol Metabolites, as an Indicator of Stress in Wild Hospitalised Koalas, Endangered Australian Marsupials." Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 1 (January 16, 2023): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10010065.

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Loss of habitat, urbanisation, climate change and its consequences are anthropogenic pressures that may cause stress in koalas. Non-invasive monitoring of faecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs) can be utilised to evaluate the impact of stressors. The aim was to determine if the tetrahydrocorticosterone (50c) and cortisol enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) could be effective in measuring FCM values in wild, stressed koalas. This research included 146 koalas from the Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital (AZWH) and 88 from a study conducted by Endeavour Veterinary Ecology (EVE), Queensland, Australia. Faecal samples of diseased, injured and control koalas were analysed. The effect of hospitalisation on FCM values was also investigated. Diseased and injured koalas had significantly higher FCM values than clinically healthy control animals as measured by the 50c EIA. FCM values with the cortisol EIA differed significantly between control and diseased koalas, but not between control and injured ones. Moreover, only the 50c EIA detected higher absolute values in males compared to females, and also found that females showed a more elevated response to stress manifested by injury and disease compared to males. The 50c EIA detected stress during hospitalisation better than the cortisol EIA. The cortisol EIA was also found unreliable in detecting stress in rehabilitated koalas treated with synthetic glucocorticoids as it cross-reacts with these steroids providing artificially high values.

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Baynes, A., and RF Baird. "The original mammal fauna and some information on the original bird fauna of Uluru National Park, Northern Territory." Rangeland Journal 14, no. 2 (1992): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9920092.

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Investigation of mammal bones, accumulated mainly by owls, from four cave deposits, combined with observations and museum records, has revealed an original (i.e. immediately pre-European) fauna for Uluru National Park (UNP) of 34 species of native ground mammals and 12 species of bats. This fauna comprises one monotreme, 22 marsupials from eight families, 12 microchiropterans from four families, 10 murid rodents and the dingo. For six of the species the UNP records represent an extension of range over published distribution maps, though originally all the ground mammals were probably widespread in the arid zone. A recent survey found that the present fauna of UNP includes 15 native ground mammals and a minimum of seven bats, indicating a loss in about the last century of up to 19 species of ground mammals and at least one bat. The local status of three of these is uncertain, 10 appear to be locally extinct, two are extinct throughout the Australian mainland and five are probably totally extinct. As elsewhere in the arid zone, the mammals that survive are the largest and smallest species and the echidna. The cave deposit sites yielded two orders of magnitude fewer bird remains, some of which could not be identified below family or genus. The material includes at least 16 species representing 13 families. All identified species were recorded in the present fauna of UNP by the recent survey. This relatively small sample suggests that in non-pastoral areas of the arid zone, bird faunas, unlike mammals, have so far survived European colonisation of Australia without loss of diversity.

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Saffer, V. M. "Are diel patterns of nectar production and anthesis associated with other floral traits in plants visited by potential bird and mammal pollinators?" Australian Journal of Botany 52, no. 1 (2004): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt02056.

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Abstract:

Plants pollinated predominantly by vertebrates are thought to have suites of floral traits (e.g.�colour, conspicuousness, odour) that favour either birds or mammals, with brightly coloured, conspicuous flowers associated with birds and drab, concealed flowers with non-flying mammals. This study examined two other floral traits, diel patterns of nectar production and pollen presentation (anthesis). It would be expected that these would be nocturnal in putatively mammal-pollinated plants and diurnal in bird-pollinated plants. In four Banksia and two Dryandra species, all known to be visited by honeyeater birds and small marsupials at one site in south-western Australia, there was no clear correspondence between visual cues and diel patterns of resource presentation. This lack of correlation between floral traits does not support the idea of specialised pollination syndromes, but rather is consistent with generalised pollination systems.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Marsupials Australia Ecology'

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