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Journal articles on the topic 'Marsupialia'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Cifelli, Richard L., and Christian De Muizon. "Marsupial mammal from the Upper Cretaceous North Horn Formation, Central Utah." Journal of Paleontology 72, no. 3 (May 1998): 532–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000024306.

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Little is known of the non-dinosaurian fauna from the Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) part of the North Horn Formation, despite its biogeographic importance. Herein we describe a new marsupial mammal from the unit, founded on an exceptionally complete specimen of a juvenile individual, and present new information on the incisor region of early marsupials, based on comparison with complete specimens from the early Paleocene of Bolivia. Alphadon eatoni, new species, is the smallest Lancian species of the genus, and departs from a presumed marsupial morphotype in having the second lower incisor enlarged. The species is, however, primitive in lacking a “staggered” pattern to the incisor series and in having a labial mandibular foramen, and in these respects it differs from Paleocene and later marsupials. Poor representation of other taxa precludes meaningful comparison to most other North American Cretaceous marsupials, although Eodelphis, thought to be distantly related, also has an enlarged i2. Although Alphadon is characterized by many primitive features, the relative development of the incisors is not what would be predicted in a morphological antecedent to later Marsupialia.

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2

Green, Brian, Jim Merchant, and Keith Newgrain. "Milk Composition in the Eastern Quoll, Dasyurus viverrinus (Marsupialia : Dasyuridae)." Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 40, no. 4 (1987): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bi9870379.

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The milk constituents of Dasyurus viverrinus, a carnivorous marsupial, exhibited major quantitative and qualitative changes during the course of lactation. The milk produced in the early stages of lactation was dilute, about 13-16070 (w/w) solids before 3 weeks with carbohydrate representing the major fraction. In the latter stages of lactation the milk was concentrated, around 30% solids, and lipid was the predominant fraction. Palmitic acid was the major fatty acid present in early-stage milk but oleic acid became predominant in milk after 10 weeks post-partum. The changes in milk composition in D. viverrinus were similar to those described for the milks of herbivorous marsupials which therefore suggests that this pattern may be uniform throughout the Marsupialia.

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3

Griffiths, M., and N. G. Simms. "Observations on the anatomy of mammary glands in two species of conilurine rodent (Muridae: Hydromyinae) and in an opossum (Marsupialia: Didelphidae)." Australian Mammalogy 16, no. 1 (1993): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am93002.

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The pups of Pseudomys nanus and P. australis are attached to their mothers' teats for extended periods of time, analogous to the situation encountered in pouchless marsupials. The structures in the mammary glands involved in facilitating prolonged attachment are different in the two rodent species and both kinds are different from those in marsupial glands including those of Monodelphis domestica, the subject of the present study. In P. nanus, the teats are anchored to postero-ventrally directed, tubular diverticula of the body wall. In P. australis there are no diverticula. However, support for the mammary glands and teats is afforded by the body wall, in the form of two well-developed fan-shaped muscles dorsal to the mammary glands in conjunction with a broad lamina of connective tissue, smooth and striated muscle situated between the skin of the belly and the mammary glands. In M. domestica, the teats are anchored to swathes of striated voluntary muscle, derived from the ilio-marsupialis muscles which pass ventrally through the secretory parenchyma to be inserted onto the bases of the teats. Since this musculature has not been observed in the mammary glands of any eutherians so far studied, nor in those of Monotremata, it is put that it is a character unique to the Marsupialia.

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4

Denyer, Alice L., Sophie Regnault, and John R. Hutchinson. "Evolution of the patella and patelloid in marsupial mammals." PeerJ 8 (August 19, 2020): e9760. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9760.

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The musculoskeletal system of marsupial mammals has numerous unusual features beyond the pouch and epipubic bones. One example is the widespread absence or reduction (to a fibrous “patelloid”) of the patella (“kneecap”) sesamoid bone, but prior studies with coarse sampling indicated complex patterns of evolution of this absence or reduction. Here, we conducted an in-depth investigation into the form of the patella of extant marsupial species and used the assembled dataset to reconstruct the likely pattern of evolution of the marsupial patella. Critical assessment of the available literature was followed by examination and imaging of museum specimens, as well as CT scanning and histological examination of dissected wet specimens. Our results, from sampling about 19% of extant marsupial species-level diversity, include new images and descriptions of the fibrocartilaginous patelloid in Thylacinus cynocephalus (the thylacine or “marsupial wolf”) and other marsupials as well as the ossified patella in Notoryctes ‘marsupial moles’, Caenolestes shrew opossums, bandicoots and bilbies. We found novel evidence of an ossified patella in one specimen of Macropus rufogriseus (Bennett’s wallaby), with hints of similar variation in other species. It remains uncertain whether such ossifications are ontogenetic variation, unusual individual variation, pathological or otherwise, but future studies must continue to be conscious of variation in metatherian patellar sesamoid morphology. Our evolutionary reconstructions using our assembled data vary, too, depending on the reconstruction algorithm used. A maximum likelihood algorithm favours ancestral fibrocartilaginous “patelloid” for crown clade Marsupialia and independent origins of ossified patellae in extinct sparassodonts, peramelids, notoryctids and caenolestids. A maximum parsimony algorithm favours ancestral ossified patella for the clade [Marsupialia + sparassodonts] and subsequent reductions into fibrocartilage in didelphids, dasyuromorphs and diprotodonts; but this result changed to agree more with the maximum likelihood results if the character state reconstructions were ordered. Thus, there is substantial homoplasy in marsupial patellae regardless of the evolutionary algorithm adopted. We contend that the most plausible inference, however, is that metatherians independently ossified their patellae at least three times in their evolution. Furthermore, the variability of the patellar state we observed, even within single species (e.g. M. rufogriseus), is fascinating and warrants further investigation, especially as it hints at developmental plasticity that might have been harnessed in marsupial evolution to drive the complex patterns inferred here.

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5

Kirsch, John A. W., Mark S. Springer, and François-Joseph Lapointe. "DNA-hybridisation Studies of Marsupials and their Implications for Metatherian Classification." Australian Journal of Zoology 45, no. 3 (1997): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo96030.

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We review past DNA-hybridisation studies of marsupials and present a reanalysis of the data, utilising results from our and additional studies to formulate and rationalise a new classification of Marsupialia. In the reanalysis, 13 individual DNA-hybridisation matrices, many lacking some pairwise comparisons, were sutured in stages to provide the basis for generating a tree of 101 marsupials plus an outgroup eutherian; a fourteenth matrix provided data for a tree including eight additional eutherians and a monotreme. Validation was achieved by jackknifing on taxa for each matrix as well as on tables combining two or more matrices generated during assembly of the 102-taxon data set. The results are consistent with most conclusions from the individual studies and dramatise the unevenness of hierarchical levels in current classifications of marsupials. In particular, the affinities of the American marsupial Dromiciops gliroides with, and the distinctness of marsupial bandicoots from, Australasian metatherians are reaffirmed, while opossums are shown to be as internally divergent as are most members of the order Diprotodontia. Calibration of the 102-taxon tree and dating of the major dichotomies suggest that no extant marsupial lineage originated before the latest Cretaceous, and that all of them together with most South American and all Australasian fossils should be recognised as a monophyletic group contrasting with a largely Laurasian (if possibly paraphyletic) taxon. These inferences, together with the details of the phylogeny, mandate that the misleading ‘Australian’ v. ‘American’ distinction be abandoned, even as a geographic convenience.

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6

Cowan, PE. "Changes in milk composition during lactation in the common brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula (Marsupialia: Phalangeridae)." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 1, no. 4 (1989): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9890325.

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The milk constituents of Trichosurus vulpecula, a folivorous marsupial, showed marked quantitative and qualitative changes during the course of lactation. The milk produced in the early stages of lactation was dilute, with about 9-13% (w/w) solids during the first 3 weeks, comprising mostly carbohydrate and protein (35-40%). At 20 weeks, about three-quarters of the way through lactation, the milk was much more concentrated, about 28% solids, with lipid the predominant fraction (30-35%), after a marked decline in carbohydrate content (20-25%). Concentrations of the electrolytes sodium and potassium also underwent marked changes. The changes in milk composition of T. vulpecula during the first three-quarters of lactation were similar to those described for a range of herbivorous, insectivorous and carnivorous marsupials. In the last quarter of lactation, however, brushtail possum milk maintained a relatively stable composition, with higher levels of carbohydrate and lower levels of lipid than for other marsupials. There appears to be a uniform pattern of changes in milk composition throughout the Marsupialia over most of lactation, with family differences evident only in the latter stages.

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7

Zapata Muñoz, Jessica, Maribel Echeverry Hernández, Sergio Andrés Correa, Cristian Ferney Esquivel, Daisy A. Gómez-Ruiz, Ana Cristina Cadavid, and Ricardo Zambrano Valdés. "Estudio anatómico mediante radiografía de zarigüeya común (Didelphis marsupialis) en zonas periurbanas de Medellín, Colombia." Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 32, no. 4 (August 24, 2021): e19048. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v32i4.19048.

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Este trabajo busca describir la morfología radiológica de la zarigüeya común (Didelphis marsupialis), estableciendo las bases para una correcta manipulación y manejo clínico adecuado. Los individuos fueron capturados con trampas Tomahawk cebadas en el corregimiento de Santa Elena, municipio de Medellín, Colombia. Se identificó el sexo y se verificó la posible presencia de crías en el marsupio (animales con crías fueron liberados). Se utilizó un protocolo anestésico basado en xilacina, tiletamina y zolazepam y se procedió a las tomas radiográficas lateral derecha, dorsoventral y ventrodorsal en el esqueleto axial (cráneo, tórax, abdomen y pelvis) y medio-laterales, y en vista anteroposterior y dorso-plantar y palmar en el esqueleto apendicular. Se encontró coincidencias con otros marsupiales en la presencia de la ossa marsupialia o hueso epipúbico, la fórmula vertebral y la ausencia de la patela; además., se confirma la presencia de estructuras como la bulla timpánica.

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8

Casartelli, C., S. R. Rogatto, and I. Ferrari. "Cytogenetic analysis of some Brazilian marsupials (Didelphidae: Marsupialia)." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 28, no. 1 (February 1, 1986): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g86-005.

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Three species of marsupials from the Amazon region (Marmosa cinerea, Caluromys lanatus, and Didelphis marsupialis) and two from the region of São Paulo (Didelphis marsupialis and Didelphis albiventris) were studied. The G-banding pattern of the species with 2n = 14 (M. cinerea and C. lanatus) was very similar, as well as the pattern of G-bands in the species with 22 chromosomes (Didelphis). All of the autosomes of M. cinerea and D. albiventris have centromeric C-bands and the Y chromosome is totally C-band positive. The long arm of the M. cinerea X chromosome is completely C-band positive except for a negative band close to the centromeric region. In D. albiventris the long arm of the X chromosome is C-band positive except for a negative band close to the telomeric region. In M. cinerea the silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs) are found in the acrocentric chromosomes, being located in the telomeric region of one pair and in the centromeric region of the other pair. Caluromys lanatus has centromeric Ag-NORs in one acrocentric and in one submetacentric chromosome pairs. Didelphis marsupialis has three chromosome pairs with telomeric Ag-NORs. In D. albiventris the Ag-NORs are terminal and located in both arms of one pair and in the long arm of two pairs of chromosomes.Key words: cytogenetics, marsupials, chromosomes.

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9

CÁCERES, N. C., and E. L. A. MONTEIRO-FILHO. "Tamanho corporal em populações naturais de Didelphis (Mammalia: Marsupialia) do Sul do Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Biologia 59, no. 3 (August 1999): 461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71081999000300011.

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Atualmente, poucos são os dados biométricos de marsupiais disponíveis no Brasil considerando-se sua riqueza de espécies. Baseando-se nisto, as relações de tamanho corporal de populações naturais do gambá-de-orelha-branca, Didelphis albiventris, e do gambá-de-orelha-preta, D. marsupialis, foram verificadas em dois remanescentes florestais de Curitiba, Sul do Brasil, entre fevereiro de 1995 e fevereiro de 1997. Como resultado, houve uma forte relação entre a erupção de dentes, o peso e a maioria das medidas corporais obtidas de ambas as espécies. Em conseqüência, parâmetros como o comprimento da cabeça podem ser utilizados para estimar os demais parâmetros corporais dos marsupiais estudados. Foi também observado dimorfismo sexual quanto ao tamanho corporal e formato da cabeça para D. marsupialis. Comparativamente, as fêmeas adultas de D. albiventris apresentam maior tamanho que as fêmeas adultas de D. marsupialis, pelo menos no Sul do Brasil. Houve evidências de que alguns Indivíduos podem ter um aumento em seu peso corporal durante o outono, talvez como uma maneira de suportar a estação com menor disponibilidade de alimentos. Por outro lado, D. albiventris armazena gorduras mais freqüentemente, independente da estação do ano. Assim, as estratégias adaptativas de ambas as espécies de marsupiais quanto ao tamanho corporal no Sul do Brasil apresentaram algumas diferenças e provavelmente são resultantes de modos de vida também diferentes, apesar de seu parentesco próximo.

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10

Soderquist, TR, and CR Dickman. "A Technique for Marking Marsupial Pouch Young With Fluorescent Pigment Tattoos." Wildlife Research 15, no. 5 (1988): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880561.

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Small quantities of fluorescent pigments were tattooed into the pinnae of pouch young Dasyurus geoffroii and Isoodon obesulus (Marsupialia), and into the pinnae of 5-day-old Mus rnusculus (Rodentia). The tattoos contrasted sharply with natural skin pigmentation when scanned with a UV light. Of 11 pigments tested, Flare 610 pigments were the most persistent, remaining visible for a minimum of 6 months. The technique facilitates rapid, cheap and reliable marking of marsupial pouch young, and should be generally applicable for determining filial relationships in a wide range of marsupial species.

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11

Firestone, K. B. "Isolation and characterization of microsatellites from carnivorous marsupials (Dasyuridae: Marsupialia)." Molecular Ecology 8, no. 6 (June 1999): 1084–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00655_6.x.

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12

Snipes, RL, H. Snipes, and FN Carrick. "Morphometric data on the intestines of five Australian marsupials (Marsupialia)." Australian Mammalogy 25, no. 2 (2003): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am03193.

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THE nutritional biology of marsupials has been a subject of numerous studies, culminating in valuable compilations covering a wide range of aspects (Osman Hill and Rewell 1954; Walton and Richardson 1989; Hume 1982, 1999; Kerle 2001). Despite this thorough coverage, there remains a scarcity of morphometric data on the intestines of monotremes and marsupials. In an attempt to approach this need, an effort was initiated to provide morphometric data on monotremes (Snipes et al. 2002) and marsupials (Snipes et al. 1993, 2003).

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13

Westerman, M. "Phylogenetic-Relationships of the Marsupial Mole, Notoryctes-Typhlops (Marsupialia, Notoryctidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 39, no. 5 (1991): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9910529.

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The phylogenetic position of the marsupial mole, Notorcytes typhlops, has been difficult to ascertain with morphological characters because of its highly specialised fossorial lifestyle. On the basis of serological data, Kirsch (1977b) suggested that this species was sufficiently different from other marsupials to warrant placing it in its own suborder. Using the DNA-DNA hybridisation technique on single-copy DNA to assess sequence differences over the entire genome, I confirm that N. typhlops is not closely related to any other marsupial family, and warrants placement in its own order.

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14

Soares, Manoel do Carmo P., Gilberta Bensabath, and Amélia P. A. Travassos da Rosa. "The presence of antibodies for hepatitis a virus in amazonia Didelphis marsupialis (Vertebrata, Marsupialia)." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 29, no. 2 (April 1987): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651987000200008.

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Anti-HAV was detected by enzyme - immunoassay in sera collected from 6 (18,75%) of 32 Didelphis marsupialis trapped in the Amazon region. No anti-HAV were found in the sera from 136 other wild animals, including small rodents, reptiles and other marsupials.

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15

Shen, Dan, Bo Gao, Csaba Miskey, Cai Chen, Yatong Sang, Wencheng Zong, Saisai Wang, et al. "Multiple Invasions of Visitor, a DD41D Family of Tc1/mariner Transposons, throughout the Evolution of Vertebrates." Genome Biology and Evolution 12, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 1060–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa135.

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Abstract Although the DD41D (named as Visitor, VS) family of Tc1/mariner transposons was discovered in Arthropods and Mollusca, the evolution profile of this family is still largely unknown. We found that VS is widespread in the animal kingdom, including 140 species of 18 orders in invertebrates and 30 species of 12 orders in vertebrates, and one land plant species. Our data revealed multiple horizontal transfer events in both invertebrates and vertebrates and invasion into multiple lineages of mammals, including Chiroptera (seven species), Dasyuromorphia/Marsupialia (one species), Didelphimorphia/Marsupialia (one species), Diprotodontia/Marsupialia (two species), and Primates (one species). Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship of VSs to DD37D/maT and DD34D/mariner and confirmed that VSs with the DD40D signature identified previously are not a distinct family but originated from DD41D/VS. Age analysis revealed that the most recent invasion of VSs was found in ray-finned fishes and a toad, followed by relatively young invasions in bats and marsupials, whereas VSs in mammals, jawless fishes, and lizards were mainly represented by ancient copies, suggesting old age. Phylogenetic analyses and comparison of pairwise distances between VSs and recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG1) support horizontal transfer events of VSs in vertebrates. The intact VSs from bats were nonfunctional as determined by the transposition activity assay. Some vertebrate lineages and species were identified as the hot hosts of Tc1/mariner transposons. Overall, our study presents the evolution profile of VSs and suggests that VSs play roles in diversifying and shaping the genomes of diverse animal lineages.

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16

Winkel, K., and I. Humphrey-Smith. "Diet of the marsupial mole, Notoryctes typhlops (Stirling 1889)(Marsupialia: Notoryctidae)." Australian Mammalogy 11, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am88020.

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17

Amador, Lucila I., and Norberto P. Giannini. "Phylogeny and evolution of body mass in didelphid marsupials (Marsupialia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)." Organisms Diversity & Evolution 16, no. 3 (January 11, 2016): 641–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-015-0259-x.

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18

Withers, P. C., G. G. Thompson, and R. S. Seymour. "Metabolic physiology of the north-western marsupial mole, Notoryctes caurinus (Marsupialia : Notoryctidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 48, no. 3 (2000): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo99073.

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We studied the thermal and metabolic physiology of a single specimen of the north-western marsupial mole, Notoryctes caurinus, an almost completely fossorial Australian marsupial, and compared it with the morphologically convergent Namib desert golden mole, Eremitalpa granti namibensis. This was the first study of any aspect of the physiology of this rare marsupial. Mean body mass of the marsupial mole was 34 g. Body temperature (Tb) was low and labile, ranging from 22.7 to 30.8˚C over a range of ambient temperature (Ta) from 15 to 30˚C. The highest Tb of 30.8˚C was significantly lower than expected for a marsupial of this body mass. Metabolic rate varied with Ta in an attenuated fashion for an endotherm, because of the labile Tb. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was 0.63 mL O2 g–1 h–1, at a Ta of 30˚C. This was lower than expected for a 34-g marsupial, but was not different from expected for a marsupial when corrected to a Tb of 35˚C (0.94 mL O2 g–1 h–1). Evaporative water loss increased from 0.8 mg g–1 h–1 at 15˚C to 3.7 at 30˚C. Wet thermal conductance was 0.2 mL O2 g–1 h–1 ˚C–1 at 15˚C and 0.6 at 25˚C; these values were higher than expected for a marsupial. The net metabolic cost of transport (NCOT) for running (0.0022 mL O2 g–1 m–1 at a mean velocity of 484 m h–1) was similar to expected values for walking and running mammals. The NCOT for sand-swimming (0.124 mL O2 g–1 m–1 at a mean velocity of 7.6 m h–1) was substantially higher, and at a much lower velocity than for running, but was similar to NCOT for sand-swimming by the Namib golden mole. We conclude that the marsupial mole differs in some aspects of thermal and metabolic physiology from other marsupials, most likely reflecting its almost completely fossorial existence.

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19

Oakwood, Meri. "Spatial and social organization of a carnivorous marsupial Dasyurus hallucatus (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae)." Journal of Zoology 257, no. 2 (June 2002): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952836902000833.

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20

Gemmell, R. T., A. S. McFayden, and R. W. Rose. "Induction of parturient behaviour in possums (Marsupialia: Phalangeridae) and bandicoots (Marsupialia: Peramelidae)." Australian Mammalogy 14, no. 2 (1991): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am91015.

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21

SOUZA ROCHA, Katarine de, Gleiciane SCHUPP DE SENA MESQUITA, Maeli Fernanda SILVA FERREIRA, Flávia de Nazaré LEITE BARROS, Renata Cecília Soares de Lima MACEDO, Elane de ARAÚJO SARAIVA, Ana Cristina MENDES-OLIVEIRA, et al. "New records of Leptospira spp. in wild marsupials and a rodent in the eastern Brazilian Amazon through PCR detection." Acta Amazonica 50, no. 4 (December 2020): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201903683.

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ABSTRACT We analyzed the presence of Leptospira spp. in liver and kidney tissue of wild marsupials and rodents trapped in a periurban forest in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. We examined 25 individuals of four marsupial and seven rodent species for the presence of the 16S rRNA gene of Leptospira in the DNA extracted from 47 liver and kidney tissue samples using PCR. We detected positive samples in 12% (3/25) of the individuals, in kidney fragments of two marsupial species (Didelphis marsupialis and Marmosops pinheiroi) and in a liver fragment of one rodent species (Echimys chrysurus). These are the first records of Leptospira spp. in M. pinheiroi and E. chrysurus and it is the first molecular survey of marsupials and rodents in the Brazilian Amazon.

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22

Jolly, SE, GA Morriss, S. Scobie, and PE Cowan. "Composition of Milk of the Common Brushtail Possum, Trichosurus Vulpecula (Marsupialia: Phalangeridae): Concentrations of Elements." Australian Journal of Zoology 44, no. 5 (1996): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9960479.

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The concentrations of 11 elements (calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, strontium, sulphur and zinc) were measured in milk samples collected from 193 lactating brushtail possums, Trichosurus vulpecula, at all stages of lactation. Most elements showed patterns of change during lactation similar to those of other marsupials. The most marked changes occurred at about 80-120 days, when the growth rate of the pouch young increased and developmental changes took place, such as eye opening and fur growth. Compared with eutherians, copper and iron concentrations were high in possum milk, as in other marsupials, but zinc levels were exceptionally high. Strontium and manganese levels, not measured before in marsupial milk, were considerably higher than levels reported in eutherian milk. In contrast to eutherian mammals, marsupial young must be supplied with large quantities of minerals in the milk as almost all growth and development occurs after birth, and possum young are entirely dependent on milk supplied by the mother for about the first 100 days.

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23

Kirsch, JAW, C. Krajewski, MS Springer, and M. Archer. "Dna-Dna Hybridization Studies of Carnivorous Marsupials .2. Relationships Among Dasyurids (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 38, no. 6 (1990): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9900673.

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A suite of comparisons among ten radiolabelled dasyurid species and one outgroup bandicoot was generated using the hydroxyapatite chromatography method of DNA-DNA hybridisation; comparisons were also made with four other dasyurid taxa. Square matrices of DELTA-T(m)s, DELTA-Modes, and DELTA-T50H's were complied and corrected for reciprocity, additivity, and, in the case of DELTA-T(m)'s, normalised percentages of hybridisation. These matrices were analysed using the FITCH algorithm in Felsenstein's PHYLIP (Version 3.1), and all distinct topologies were jackknifed to test for internal consistency. Additionally, uncorrected DELTA-T(m), DELTA-Mode, and DELTA-T50H datasets were bootstrapped and subjected to phylogenetic analysis to assess measurement imprecision. FITCH trees from folded matrices including unlabelled species or those for which heteroduplex comparisons were incomplete were also calculated and jack-knifed, both before and after correction. With the exception of limited measurements to Dasyuroides byrnei and Dasykaluta rosamondae, which showed affinities with Dasyurus spp., the final tree was fully resolved: Sminthopsis crassicaudata and S. murina, together with the more distant Planigale maculata, are the sister-group to all other dasyurids examined, which in turn comprise two clades. One of these includes Dasyurus, Dasyuroides, and Dasykaluta; the other, 'true' Antechinus (A. flavipes, A. stuartii, A. swainsonii) as a sister-group to Antechinus melanurus plus Murexia longicaudata, with Phascogale tapoatafa representing a probable sister-group to all Antechinus with Murexia. DNA-DNA hybridisation provides no support for the genus Satanellus: most of the trees linked Dasyurus albopunctatus with D. maculatus instead of D. hallucatus. Similarly, Antechinus flavipes and A. stuartii appear to be closer to each other than either is to A. swainsonii. The historical biogeographic significance of the adopted phylogeny is considered, and it is concluded that the putative early Miocene separation of Australia and New Guinea was probably too early to account for the independent evolution of the New Guinean clade.

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Warburton, N. M., and K. J. Travouillon. "The biology and palaeontology of the Peramelemorphia: a review of current knowledge and future research directions." Australian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 3 (2016): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo16003.

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Bandicoots and bilbies (Marsupialia : Peramelemorphia) represent the dominant omnivorous clade of Australasian marsupials and, as ground-dwelling, small- to medium-sized mammals, have not fared well in the 200 years since European settlement. Unlike large or charismatic marsupial species, the cryptic nature of bandicoots and bilbies tends to keep them out of the public eye, at a time when public interest plays a significant role in conservation efforts. The inconspicuous ‘rat-like’ appearance of many bandicoots and a generalist ecological strategy belie a complex biology of adaptive traits and evolutionary diversity. For a few species these biological traits have enabled them to make use of urban environments. In the main, however, peramelemorphians are facing ongoing pressure from introduced predators and human impacts. Basic biological information for many species, particularly those from New Guinea, is still lacking. In this review, we examine advances in the knowledge of the biology of this group over the past 25 years including anatomical, physiological and ecological studies. We also provide a comprehensive review of the fossil records of bandicoots in order to provide an up-to-date platform for future studies. From this work, it is clear that there is still much to be done regarding the taxonomy and biology of these animals before a more detailed understanding of the evolutionary history of this group can be elucidated.

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PRICE, GILBERT J. "Taxonomy and palaeobiology of the largest-ever marsupial, Diprotodon Owen, 1838 (Diprotodontidae, Marsupialia)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 153, no. 2 (June 2008): 369–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00387.x.

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26

Blanco, R. Ernesto, Washington W. Jones, and Gustavo A. Grinspan. "Fossil marsupial predators of South America (Marsupialia, Borhyaenoidea): bite mechanics and palaeobiological implications." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 35, no. 3 (September 2011): 377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115518.2010.519644.

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Frigo, L., and PA Woolley. "Development of the Skeleton of the Stripe-Faced Dunnart, Sminthopsis Macroura (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 44, no. 2 (1996): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9960155.

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Development of the skeleton of the stripe-faced dunnart, Sminthopsis macroura (Gould), a small carnivorous marsupial, was examined in captive-bred pouch young of known age. Skeletal tissue was differentially stained with the dyes alcian blue and alizarin red to demonstrate the presence of cartilage and bone, respectively. The skeleton of the neonate is cartilaginous and ossification centres are first apparent in the skull by Day 5 post partum. The skeleton of S. macroura is well invested with bone by Day 40 of the lactation period, when the young can relinquish the nipple. The sequence of ossification is similar to that reported for other marsupials. Comparisons are made with the eutherian pattern of ossification. This study is the first published work on the ossification of a dasyurid marsupial as shown by whole-mount staining.

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Werdelin, L. "Circumventing a Constraint - the Case of Thylacoleo (Marsupialia, Thylacoleonidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 36, no. 5 (1988): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9880565.

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Marsupial carnivores of the order Dasyurida are more uniform in molar morphology and jaw geometry than are their placental counterparts. This difference is related to the difference in tooth replacement between marsupials and placentals. In Carnivora, the permanent carnassial can erupt in its (geometrically) permanent position, and the post-carnassial teeth are free to evolve in various ways. In the Dasyurida, each erupting molar in turn functions as carnassial before being pushed forwards (relatively) in the jaw by the next erupting molar, which in turn becomes the carnassial. Thus, in the Dasyurida, all molars come to have carnassiform morphology. One group of Australian fossil carnivores has avoided this constraint: the Thylacoleonidae, 'marsupial lions'. In this group, P3/3 are the teeth functioning as carnassials, having been coopted for this function from the presumed sectorial P3/3 of the herbivorous ancestors of Thylacoleonidae. This has made molar reduction possible in this group, but has brought about some incidental effects. P3/3 lie far forward in the jaw, and the muscle resultant has been shifted forwards to compensate for this, reducing gape, but increasing bite force at I1/1, teeth which function as canines in Thylacoleonidae.

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29

Aguiar, Marília da Silva, Jorge Ferigolo, João Luiz Rossi Junior, and Marco Antônio Gioso. "Atrição dental em Didelphis albiventris e D. marsupialis (Marsupialia, Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) do Sul do Brasil." Ciência Rural 34, no. 4 (August 2004): 1127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782004000400025.

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Pesquisou-se o nível de desgaste dental (atrição e/ou abrasão) em 168 espécimes de Didelphis albiventris e D. marsupialis (gambás) do sul do Brasil. O desgaste foi muito importante, com elevada freqüência de dentina terciária e de exposição da câmara coronária e/ou do canal radicular, devido à associação de fraturas e desgaste, pois as fraturas predispõem ao desgaste e este favorece as fraturas. O grau de desgaste aumentou com a idade dos animais. A ordem crescente na freqüência de dentina terciária nos dentes caudais aos caninos foi: primeiro, segundo e terceiro molares, terceiro e segundo pré-molar, e quarto molar. Diferentemente de outros onívoros, em Didelphis o desgaste dentário parece mais relacionado às fraturas devidas aos alimentos (seguida de atrição/abrasão) do que ao contato entre os dentes. Ao contrário da literatura, os molares tribosfênicos não parecem "ideais" para tal dieta onívora, o que é evidenciado pela elevada freqüência de desgaste, fraturas e exposição da câmara coronária ou do canal radicular.

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Smith, Tracey, Alan MacFadyen, and Randy Rose. "Hormonal control of birth behavior in the bandicoot (Perameles gunnii: Marsupialia) and other marsupials." Physiology & Behavior 72, no. 4 (March 2001): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00445-5.

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Bochkov, Andre V. "Comparison of external morphology of tritonymphs in myobiid mites (Myobiidae) associated with marsupials (Marsupialia)." International Journal of Acarology 41, no. 7 (August 28, 2015): 590–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2015.1084046.

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32

Coelho, Marcella Gonçalves, Vanessa do Nascimento Ramos, Jean Ezequiel Limongi, Elba Regina Sampaio De Lemos, Alexandro Guterres, Sócrates Fraga Da Costa Neto, Tatiana Rozental, et al. "Serologic evidence of the exposure of small mammals to spotted-fever Rickettsia and Rickettsia bellii in Minas Gerais, Brazil." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 10, no. 03 (March 31, 2016): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.7084.

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Introduction: Sources of pathogenic Rickettsia in wildlife are largely unknown in Brazil. In this work, potential tick vectors and seroreactivity of small mammals against four spotted-fever group Rickettsia (R. rickettsii, R. parkeri, R. amblyommii and R. rhipicephali) and Rickettsia bellii from peri-urban areas of Uberlândia, a major town in Brazil, are described for the first time. Methodology: Small mammals were captured and blood samples collected. Ticks were collected from the surface of the host and the environment and posteriorly identified. Reactivity of small mammal sera to Rickettsia was tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using crude antigens from five Brazilian Rickettsia isolates. Results: Information was obtained from 416 small mammals (48 Marsupialia and 368 Rodentia). Forty-eight animals were parasitized and two tick species, Ixodes loricatus and Amblyomma dubitatum, were found on several host species, with a few tick-host relationships described for the first time. From the 416 tested sera, 70 reacted to at least one Rickettsia antigen (prevalence of 16.8%) and from these, 19 (27.1%) reacted to two or more antigens. Seroprevalence was higher for marsupials (39.6%) than for rodents (13.8%). Marsupial and Rhipidomys spp. sera reacted mainly (highest seroprevalence and titers) to R. bellii, and that of Necromys lasiurus mainly to R. rickettsii. Conclusions: Although the serologic assays poorly discriminate between closely related spotted-fever group Rickettsia, the observed small mammal seroreactivity suggests the circulation of Rickettsia in the peri-urban area of Uberlândia, albeit at low levels.

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Wooller, R. D., M. B. Renfree, E. M. Russell, A. Dunning, S. W. Green, and P. Duncan. "Seasonal changes in a population of the nectar-feeding marsupial Tarsipes spencerae (Marsupialia: Tarsipedidae)." Journal of Zoology 195, no. 2 (August 20, 2009): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1981.tb03464.x.

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34

Haythornthwaite, Adele S., and Christopher R. Dickman. "Foraging strategies of an insectivorous marsupial, Sminthopsis youngsoni (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae), in Australian sandridge desert." Austral Ecology 25, no. 2 (April 2000): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2000.01037.x.

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35

Firestone, K. B., M. S. Elphinstone, W. B. Sherwin, and B. A. Houlden. "Phylogeographical population structure of tiger quolls Dasyurus maculatus (Dasyuridae: Marsupialia), an endangered carnivorous marsupial." Molecular Ecology 8, no. 10 (October 1999): 1613–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00745.x.

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36

Archer, Michael, Robin Beck, Miranda Gott, Suzanne Hand, Henk Godthelp, and Karen Black. "Australia's first fossil marsupial mole (Notoryctemorphia) resolves controversies about their evolution and palaeoenvironmental origins." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1711 (November 3, 2010): 1498–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1943.

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Fossils of a marsupial mole (Marsupialia, Notoryctemorphia, Notoryctidae) are described from early Miocene deposits in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, northwestern Queensland, Australia. These represent the first unequivocal fossil record of the order Notoryctemorphia, the two living species of which are among the world's most specialized and bizarre mammals, but which are also convergent on certain fossorial placental mammals (most notably chrysochlorid golden moles). The fossil remains are genuinely ‘transitional', documenting an intermediate stage in the acquisition of a number of specializations and showing that one of these—the dental morphology known as zalambdodonty—was acquired via a different evolutionary pathway than in placentals. They, thus, document a clear case of evolutionary convergence (rather than parallelism) between only distantly related and geographically isolated mammalian lineages—marsupial moles on the island continent of Australia and placental moles on most other, at least intermittently connected continents. In contrast to earlier presumptions about a relationship between the highly specialized body form of the blind, earless, burrowing marsupial moles and desert habitats, it is now clear that archaic burrowing marsupial moles were adapted to and probably originated in wet forest palaeoenvironments, preadapting them to movement through drier soils in the xeric environments of Australia that developed during the Neogene.

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37

Canto-Osorio, Juan Miguel, Alan Cuxim-Koyoc, Hugo A. Ruiz-Piña, Juan B. Morales-Malacara, and Enrique Reyes-Novelo. "Ectoparasites of Didelphis virginiana From Yucatan, Mexico." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 6 (June 6, 2020): 1821–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa106.

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Abstract A faunal study is presented to determine the species of ectoparasites found in the opossum Didelphis virginiana (Kerr) (Marsupialia: Didelphidae). For this, Tomahawk traps were placed in the peridomiciles of a rural town in Yucatán, to capture individuals of this marsupial and proceed to the collection of their ectoparasites. A total of 3,023 arthropods were collected from 145 opossums. The most frequent ectoparasites were the acarines Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) nr. talaje (64.8%) (Argasidae); Ornithonyssus wernecki Fonseca (53.8%) (Macronyssidae) and Didelphilicus serrifer Fain (25.5%) (Atopomelidae); the ticks Amblyomma parvum Aragão (8.3%) and A. mixtum Koch (10.3%) (Ixodidae); and the fleas Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché) (20.7%) and Pulex simulans Baker (8.3%) (Pulicidae). It is concluded that the ectoparasite fauna of this marsupial is mainly composed of euryxenous organisms, which have been documented as vectors of diseases caused by rickettsial bacteria. Since D. virginiana is widely adapted to the peridomiciliary environment in the region, this study allows recognizing those that represent a potential risk for the transmission of vector-borne zoonotic diseases.

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Windsor, D. E., and A. I. Dagg. "The gaits of the Macropodinae (Marsupialia)." Journal of Zoology 163, no. 2 (May 6, 2010): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1971.tb04530.x.

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39

OWEN, RICHARD. "On the Osteology of the Marsupialia." Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 2, no. 5 (July 7, 2010): 379–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1839.tb00030.x.

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40

Pridmore, PA. "Locomotion in Dromiciops-Australis (Marsupialia, Microbiotheriidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 42, no. 6 (1994): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9940679.

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Cinematography was used to record locomotion in two adult male Dromiciops australis. Both animals were run on five horizontal dowels varying in diameter from 6.3 to 39 mm and on a horizontal board 89 mm wide. Film records were analysed to determine locomotor velocity, stride length and gait. Locomotor speed and stride length were not affected by substratum, but gait was. Truly symmetrical gaits were used by both animals across a range of speeds on the narrowest dowel. These were characterised by diagnoal couplets of support and a diagonal sequence of limb activition. During locomotion on the other substrata, gaits characterised by slight asymmetry were generally used. The most common of these was one in which diagonal support couplets predominated and each hindlimb was activated slightly ahead of the contralateral forelimb. At higher speeds on the 39-mm dowel the animals sometimes used the half-bound and transverse gallop. The duration of the locomotor cycle decreased exponentially with increasing speed and seemed not to be influenced by substratum diameter, once speed was taken into account. Stride length increased exponentially with speed and also appeared independent of substratum. With symmetrical gaits, the relative phase lag of forelimbs with respect to their ipsilateral hindlimbs changed with speed so that a moderate walkig trot was replaced either by a fast waling trot or fast diagonal sequence walk and ultimately by a slow diagonal sequence run. Two of the symmetrical gaits used by Dromiciops are similar to those used by arboreal didelphids and phalangeroids and by most primates, but are rarely used by other mammals. These gaits appear especially suited to locomotion on narrow branches, suggesting that this species may utilise such substrata to a significant extent in nature. The asymmetrical gaits used by Dromiciops, the half-bound and transverse gallop, are used by various other quadrupedal marsupials, although not commonly by arboreal didelphids. It is conjectured that the symmetrical marsupials, although not commonly by arboreal didelphids and phalangeroids were present in ancestral marsupials and that the latter forms also used the half-bound or transverse gallop. Absolute speed at the transition from symmetrical to asymmetrical gaits ('trot-gallop transition') exceeded that predicted by allometric equations derived from data for terrestrial placental mammals. Relative speed (as measured by the square root of the Froude number) was also higher at this transition than in placentals.

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Geiser, Fritz. "Hibernation in pygmy possums (Marsupialia: Burramyidae)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 81, no. 3 (January 1985): 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(85)91009-6.

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Kitchener, DJ, N. Cooper, and a. Bradley. "Reproduction in Male Ningaui (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae)." Wildlife Research 13, no. 1 (1986): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9860013.

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'Stages in the spermatogenic cycle of Ningaui ridei, N. yvonneae and N. timealeyi are defined and the phenology of these stages is presented. In males of Ningaui spp. sexual maturity is reached in the first year, such that after the end of July of each year almost all male Ningaui spp. are considered reproductively mature. Male Ningaui spp. in the active spermatogenic phase are found during the entire season of births (August-January in N. ridei and N. timealeyi but perhaps terminating earlier in N. yvonneae); testes regress to an immature spermatogenic stage after January. There is no indication that in the field adult males die immediately following mating.

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Nelson, JE, and A. Goldstone. "Reproduction in Peradorcas-Concinna (Marsupialia, Macropodidae)." Wildlife Research 13, no. 4 (1986): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9860501.

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The length of the oestrous cycle in captive Peradorcas concinna was 33.73 � 1.65 days (n = 52). Females which were dominant over other females or were alone with their young had a cycle length of about 32 days and subordinate females had a cycle length of about 35 days. Some observations on the growth of the young are presented. Weaning is very abrupt; final pouch exit occurs about 2 weeks after the first pouch exit, and is caused by the female's aggressiveness towards its young.

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44

Westerman, M., S. Loke, and M. S. Springer. "Molecular phylogenetic relationships of two extinct potoroid marsupials, Potorous platyops and Caloprymnus campestris (Potoroinae: Marsupialia)." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31, no. 2 (May 2004): 476–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2003.08.006.

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Richardson, K. C., R. D. Wooller, and B. G. Collins. "Adaptations to a diet of nectar and pollen in the marsupial Tarsipes rostratus (Marsupialia: Tarsipedidae)." Journal of Zoology 208, no. 2 (August 20, 2009): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1986.tb01515.x.

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46

Finch, ME, and L. Freedman. "Functional-Morphology of the Limbs of Thylacoleo-Carnifex Owen (Thylacoleonidae, Marsupialia)." Australian Journal of Zoology 36, no. 3 (1988): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9880251.

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The limb bones and girdles of an almost complete specimen of the extinct 'marsupial lion' Thylacoleo carnifex, from Moree, New South Wales, have been fully described pictorially, metrically and in text. To investigate limb function, intra- and inter-limb segment indices and limb proportions standardised against the presacral vertebral column, were calculated for 11 samples of extant Australian marsupials. Comparisons were made between these values, those for Thylacoleo and published data for extant placental carnivores. The Thylacoleo fore- and hindlimbs were almost equal in length (FL/HL, 94%) and relatively long compared to the vertebral column (79% and 84%). In the forelimb the radius was clearly longer than the humerus (115%), and the hindlimb the tibia was considerably shorter than the femur (82%). Amongst the marsupials, the main Thylacoleo indices were most similar to those of Sarcophilus, but with some significant differences, notably in propodial/epipodial length ratios. Compared to Panthera leo there were many marked similarities. Morphologically, the Thylacoleo scapula conforms to that found in walking and trotting, rather than climbing, viverrids; the pelvis similarly agrees with that of ambulators and cursors. It was concluded that Thylacoleo carnifex was a slow- medium cursor, possibly capable of leaping. There was also a series of adaptations such as the length of the radius, the stout olecranon, the blade-like fifth metatarsal and the massive terminal phalanx of digit I, clearly implying a carnivorous habit.

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47

Munks, SA, B. Green, K. Newgrain, and M. Messer. "Milk-Composition in the Common Ringtail Possum, Pseudocheirus-Peregrinus (Petauridae, Marsupialia)." Australian Journal of Zoology 39, no. 4 (1991): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9910403.

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Milk samples were collected from captive common ringtail possums, Pseudocheirus peregrinus, throughout lactation and from free-living animals during phase 3 of lactation (weeks 15-30 post partum). Both field and captive animals lactated for approximately 30 weeks. In comparison with the milks of other marsupial species, ringtail possum milk was relatively dilute and low in lipid. During phase 2 of lactation (up to week 14) solids represented around 16% (w/w), comprising mostly carbohydrate and protein, increasing to 25% (w/w) at the onset of pouch emergence. During the period of pouch vacation (weeks 15-18) the carbohydrate concentration declined and protein and lipid concentrations peaked. Sodium and potassium concentrations throughout lactation were around 25 mm and 22 mm respectively. Calcium and magnesium levels were around 1.8 g per L and 131 mg per L respectively. Milk carbohydrates consisted mainly of oligosaccharides during phase 2 of lactation and these were replaced by the disaccharide lactose during phase 3 of lactation. The pattern of change in the composition of ringtail possum milk during phase 2 was similar to that shown by those of other marsupials, but during phase 3 the milk had higher levels of carbohydrate and lower levels of lipid than that of other marsupials. Differences in the composition of milk from free-living and captive animals suggest that diet composition may affect the concentration of milk protein and milk fat within a species.

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48

Kirsch, John A. W., Mark S. Springer, Carey Krajewski, Michael Archer, Ken Aplin, and Allan W. Dickerman. "DNA/DNA hybridization studies of the carnivorous marsupials. I: The intergeneric relationships of bandicoots (Marsupialia: Perameloidea)." Journal of Molecular Evolution 30, no. 5 (May 1990): 434–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02101115.

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49

Warburton, Natalie M., and Charlie-Rose Marchal. "Forelimb Myology of Carnivorous Marsupials (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae): Implications for the Ancestral Body Plan of the Australidelphia." Anatomical Record 300, no. 9 (May 27, 2017): 1589–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23612.

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50

Lobo, Luís Miguel, Amilton Cesar dos Santos, Ricardo Alexandre Rosa, Gerlane de Medeiros Costa, Ana Flávia Carvalho, and Celina Almeida Furlanetto Mançanares. "Tissue analysis of Brazilian gracile opossum digestory tube (Gracilinanus microtarsus Wagner, 1842) (Marsupialia: Didelphidae)." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 5, no. 9 (2018): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.050915.

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The alimentary habit reflects in the morphology of digestive organs. In this sense, microscopic studies are useful to analyze the tissue composition of each organ and allow greater comparisons with other marsupials described in the literature. For this reason, the aim of this study was realize a microscopic description of the digestive tube in Gracilinanus microtarsus Wagner, 1842 (Marsupialia: Didelphidae). Six adults specimens were used (3 males and 3 females). Samples from organs of digestive tube were fixed in 10% folmaldehyde solution. The samples were dehydrated in increasing concentrations of ethanol (70%-100%), diaphanized in xylol, paraffin-embedded, cut into a microtome and stained by H. E., Picrossirius, Schiff periodic acid, Toluidine Blue and Masson’s Trichrome. The material was analyzed and photographed through a Nikon Eclipse E-400 Photomicroscope. This study demonstrated, for the first time, the histological constitution of the digestive tube of G. microtarsus. It has been demonstrated that the digestive tube is formed by the esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and large intestine (cecum, colon and rectum). These organs were constituted by five distinct layers, a serosa coating externally the organ, a muscular, a submucosa, a muscular of the mucosa, and a mucosa with epithelium that varied between squamous keratinized in the esophagus to prismatic-type in the other organs. This study demonstrated that the digestive tube of animals studied is similar to that described in other marsupials Didelphidae described in the literature with the same food habit. Future immunohistochemical studies may demonstrate the enzymatic complex involved in digestion and the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the uptake of nutrients by the digestive tube in this species.

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