Academic literature on the topic 'Marsupial diseases'
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Journal articles on the topic "Marsupial diseases"
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Deakin, Janine E. "Marsupial Genome Sequences: Providing Insight into Evolution and Disease." Scientifica 2012 (2012): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.6064/2012/543176.
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Marsupials (metatherians), with their position in vertebrate phylogeny and their unique biological features, have been studied for many years by a dedicated group of researchers, but it has only been since the sequencing of the first marsupial genome that their value has been more widely recognised. We now have genome sequences for three distantly related marsupial species (the grey short-tailed opossum, the tammar wallaby, and Tasmanian devil), with the promise of many more genomes to be sequenced in the near future, making this a particularly exciting time in marsupial genomics. The emergence of a transmissible cancer, which is obliterating the Tasmanian devil population, has increased the importance of obtaining and analysing marsupial genome sequence for understanding such diseases as well as for conservation efforts. In addition, these genome sequences have facilitated studies aimed at answering questions regarding gene and genome evolution and provided insight into the evolution of epigenetic mechanisms. Here I highlight the major advances in our understanding of evolution and disease, facilitated by marsupial genome projects, and speculate on the future contributions to be made by such sequences.
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Marcondes, Carlos Brisola, João Carlos Pinto Dias, Leonardo A. Guedes, Antenor N. Ferraz Filho, Vera L. C. C. Rodrigues, and Delosmar D. Mendonça. "Estudo epidemiológico de fontes de alimentação sangüínea dos triatomíneos da fazenda aroeira (Catolé do Rocha, Paraíba) e circunvizinhanças." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 24, no. 3 (September 1991): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86821991000300002.
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Analisamos a fonte de alimentação sangüínea de 94 triatomíneos (51 Triatoma brasiliensis, 42 T. pseudomaculata e um Rhodnius neglectus) da Fazenda Aroeira, no Município de Catolé do Rocha, no Estado da Paraíba, e de quatro localidades próximas. Observamos positividade para marsupial, homem e ave, respectivamente, de 39,7 , 6,2 e 23,0%. Três insetos da Fazenda Aroeira, positivos para Trypanosoma cruzi, foram positivos para marsupial, só um deles também para outro mamífero. Os marsupiais são a mais importante fonte de T. cruzi para os insetos da área e estes têm pouco contato com o homem.
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Speight, Natasha. "Health and Diseases of Koalas." Animals 12, no. 8 (April 13, 2022): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12081005.
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The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is an arboreal marsupial that is found throughout much of eastern and southeastern Australia, and it relies primarily on eucalypt trees for food, water and shelter [...]
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Canto-Osorio, Juan Miguel, Alan Cuxim-Koyoc, Hugo A. Ruiz-Piña, Juan B. Morales-Malacara, and Enrique Reyes-Novelo. "Ectoparasites of Didelphis virginiana From Yucatan, Mexico." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 6 (June 6, 2020): 1821–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa106.
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Abstract A faunal study is presented to determine the species of ectoparasites found in the opossum Didelphis virginiana (Kerr) (Marsupialia: Didelphidae). For this, Tomahawk traps were placed in the peridomiciles of a rural town in Yucatán, to capture individuals of this marsupial and proceed to the collection of their ectoparasites. A total of 3,023 arthropods were collected from 145 opossums. The most frequent ectoparasites were the acarines Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) nr. talaje (64.8%) (Argasidae); Ornithonyssus wernecki Fonseca (53.8%) (Macronyssidae) and Didelphilicus serrifer Fain (25.5%) (Atopomelidae); the ticks Amblyomma parvum Aragão (8.3%) and A. mixtum Koch (10.3%) (Ixodidae); and the fleas Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché) (20.7%) and Pulex simulans Baker (8.3%) (Pulicidae). It is concluded that the ectoparasite fauna of this marsupial is mainly composed of euryxenous organisms, which have been documented as vectors of diseases caused by rickettsial bacteria. Since D. virginiana is widely adapted to the peridomiciliary environment in the region, this study allows recognizing those that represent a potential risk for the transmission of vector-borne zoonotic diseases.
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PARAMESWARAN, N., R. M. O'HANDLEY, M. E. GRIGG, A. WAYNE, and R. C. A. THOMPSON. "Vertical transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in Australian marsupials." Parasitology 136, no. 9 (June 24, 2009): 939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182009006453.
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SUMMARYTo date, little is known about the dynamics of vertical transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in Australian marsupials. Studies in mice demonstrate that vertical transmission of T. gondii is common and that chronically infected mice can transmit T. gondii to successive generations. In this study, PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect T. gondii in chronically infected marsupial dams and their offspring. T. gondii was detected in the unfurred pouch young of 2 out of 10 chronically infected western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus) and in the unfurred pouch young of a brush-tailed bettong (Bettongia penicillata). Results of the study suggest that vertical transmission of T. gondii can occur in chronically infected Australian marsupials.
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Hernández, Leonardo H. Almeida, Thito Y. Bezerra da Paz, Sandro Patroca da Silva, Fábio S. da Silva, Bruno C. Veloso de Barros, Bruno T. Diniz Nunes, Lívia M. Neves Casseb, Daniele B. Almeida Medeiros, Pedro F. da Costa Vasconcelos, and Ana C. Ribeiro Cruz. "First Genomic Evidence of a Henipa-like Virus in Brazil." Viruses 14, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 2167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14102167.
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The viral genus Henipavirus includes two highly virulent zoonotic viruses of serious public health concern. Hendra henipavirus and Nipah henipavirus outbreaks are restricted to Australia and Southeast Asia, respectively. The Henipavirus genus comprises mostly bat-borne viruses, but exceptions have already been described as novel viruses with rodents and shrews as reservoir animals. In the Americas, scarce evidence supports the circulation of these viruses. In this communication, we report a novel henipa-like virus from opossums (Marmosa demerarae) from a forest fragment area in the Peixe-Boi municipality, Brazil, after which the virus was named the Peixe-Boi virus (PBV). The application of next-generation sequencing and metagenomic approach led us to discover the original evidence of a henipa-like virus genome in Brazil and South America and the original description of a henipa-like virus in marsupial species. These findings emphasize the importance of further studies to characterize PBV and clarify its ecology, impact on public health, and its relationship with didelphid marsupials and henipaviruses.
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Jones, Kegan Romelle, and Laura Tardieu. "Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Neo-Tropical Rodents and Marsupials: Is There Any Zoonotic Potential?" Life 11, no. 3 (March 20, 2021): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11030256.
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Cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis have been identified as emerging diseases in both developed and developing countries. Wildlife has been highlighted to play a major role in the spread of these diseases to humans. This review aims to highlight the research findings that relate to Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp., with a focus on (1) parasitism of neo-tropical hystricomorphic rodents and marsupials from the genus Didelphis and (2) prevention and treatment strategies for humans and animals for the neo-tropical region. It was found that there are few studies conducted on neo-tropical rodent and marsupial species, but studies that were found illustrated the potential role these animals may play as zoonotic carriers of these two parasites for the neo-tropical region. Thus, it is recommended that further studies be done to assess the threat of protozoan parasites in neo-tropical wildlife to humans and domestic animals, and to further determine the most effective prophylaxis adapted for the unique conditions of the region.
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Santamaria–Bouvier, Ariane. "Medical Conditions of Wild Virginia Opossums (Didelphis virginiana)." Wildlife Rehabilitation Bulletin 30, no. 1 (June 30, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.53607/wrb.v30.56.
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While the Virginia opossum is a frequent admission for wildlife caretakers, there is limited published information on diseases of this animal. A review of noninfectious and infectious diseases of the Virginia opossum and reported treatment options highlights what is known and the need for further data on this North American marsupial species.
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Thompson, R. C. Andrew, Alan J. Lymbery, and Stephanie S. Godfrey. "Parasites at Risk – Insights from an Endangered Marsupial." Trends in Parasitology 34, no. 1 (January 2018): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2017.09.001.
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Da Costa, Erika de Cássia Vieira, Marise Sobreira, Nilma Cintra Leal, and Alzira Maria Paiva De Almeida. "Rodents and other small mammal reservoirs in plague foci in northeastern Brazil." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 11, no. 05 (June 1, 2017): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.8271.
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Introduction: Plague is an acute, infectious zoonotic disease, primarily of wild rodents and their fleas, that affects humans and other mammals. In Brazil, several plague foci are located in the northeast region. Plague surveillance based on monitoring of rodents was discontinued in 2007, and the current information on rodent populations is unsatisfactory. Our purpose was to update the information on rodents and other small mammals in plague foci in northeastern Brazil.
Methodology: Nine surveys in the historically most important northeastern plague areas were conducted in 2013-2015.
Results: In this study, 393 animals (13 rodent and four marsupial species) were entrapped. The plague bacterium Yersinia pestis was not detected in tissue sample cultures from the 225 animals that were analyzed. Eighty sera samples were analyzed for anti-F1 antibodies by hemagglutination (HA) and protein A ELISA tests, and all were negative, except for one marsupial, Monodelphis domestica, which was HA positive.
Conclusions: Qualitative and quantitative differences in the animal populations were observed in the areas surveyed, and the antibody positive marsupial indicated that plague continues to circulate in the wild.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Marsupial diseases"
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Walia, Charanjiv Singh, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Development of a method for the identification of novel viruses in marsupials with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Walia_C.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/815.
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Four main types of viruses capable of causing systemic and gastrointestinal infections, namely Coronavirus, Rotavirus, Parvovirus or Morbillivirus (Tennant et al, 1991) have been investigated in marsupials. A pilot study to develop and optimise the methodology was undertaken using Canine Coronavirus and the study was then extended to marsupials and other target viruses.In the marsupial portion of the study, a fragment of the correct size for the amplification of pol gene, 409 bp, was obtained from two different faecal samples from tammar wallaby (from Macquarie Fauna Park) and one western grey kangaroo (from Taronga Zoo). The results from tests are studied and compared. It is suggested that future further investigation should be directed at: 1/. Applying the protocols in this body of work to the testing of faecal samples from animals that have been diagnosed as positive with other diagnostic protocols. 2/. Examining more faecal samples from animals that present with active diarrhoeaMaster of Science (Hons)
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Walia, Charanjiv Singh. "Development of a method for the identification of novel viruses in marsupials with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)." Thesis, View thesis View thesis View thesis, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/815.
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Four main types of viruses capable of causing systemic and gastrointestinal infections, namely Coronavirus, Rotavirus, Parvovirus or Morbillivirus (Tennant et al, 1991) have been investigated in marsupials. A pilot study to develop and optimise the methodology was undertaken using Canine Coronavirus and the study was then extended to marsupials and other target viruses.In the marsupial portion of the study, a fragment of the correct size for the amplification of pol gene, 409 bp, was obtained from two different faecal samples from tammar wallaby (from Macquarie Fauna Park) and one western grey kangaroo (from Taronga Zoo). The results from tests are studied and compared. It is suggested that future further investigation should be directed at: 1/. Applying the protocols in this body of work to the testing of faecal samples from animals that have been diagnosed as positive with other diagnostic protocols. 2/. Examining more faecal samples from animals that present with active diarrhoea
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Roulis, Eileen V. "The genetic diversity of Chlamydia pneumoniae and its implications for host and tissue specificity." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/96034/1/Eileen_Roulis_Thesis.pdf.
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Chlamydia pneumoniae is a wide spread human and animal pathogen, associated with a number of acute and chronic disease states. In this thesis, next-generation sequencing technologies were used to identify genetic markers involved in the diverse presentation of Chlamydia pneumoniae infections. The findings presented in this study describe a phylogenetically distinct human Chlamydia pneumoniae line, as well as a number of minor DNA sequence changes that may account for the biological fitness of particular strains to different diseases and animal hosts. The outcomes of this thesis have considerably expanded our knowledge of the genetic and evolutionary diversity of this common pathogen.
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Hemsley, S. "Investigations of mucosal immunology and diseases of mucosal surfaces in marsupials." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/19216.
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Bourne, Debra Caroline. "Disease and mortality of Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus) at Whipsnade Wild Animal Park : with special reference to toxoplasmosis." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323862.
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Coldham, Thosaporn Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "The detection and characterisation of Helicobacter species in Australian marsupials." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22370.
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This thesis examined the hypotheses that the mucus lining of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of Australian marsupials is colonised with large populations of spiral and fusiform shaped bacteria, many of which belong to the genus Helicobacter and that these Helicobacter species are likely be unique. The presence of spiral and fusiform shaped bacteria in the GIT of 8 Australian marsupial species (32 animals in total) was examined using microscopy, culture and Helicobacter genus specific PCR. The marsupials studied included the brushtail possum, ringtail possum, koala, wombat, Eastern grey kangaroo, Tasmanian devil, Eastern quoll and long nosed bandicoot. The spiral and fusiform shaped isolates were characterised and identified using morphological appearance, Helicobacter genus specific PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons. The spatial distribution of Helicobacter species in the GIT sections was examined microscopically in silver stained sections of the GIT and using Fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) with a Helicobacter genus specific probe. Spiral and/or fusiform shaped bacteria were detected and/or isolated from all marsupials studied. The prevalence and bacterial load of these organisms was found to differ in each marsupial species. These bacteria were found to belong to 3 different genera (Helicobacter, Campylobacter and Desulfovibrio). Each marsupial species appeared to be colonised with one or more unique Helicobacter species. Comparison of the detection of Helicobacter species in different groups of marsupials (herbivores, omnivores and carnivores) suggests that diet as well as the function and structure of the GIT may have a significant impact on their colonisation. Phylogenetic analysis of the new possum Helicobacters showed that they shared a common ancestor. Comparison of Helicobacter species isolated from different species of marsupial and placental mammals, as well as birds, showed that differences in environmental location i.e. gastric vs lower bowel had a major impact on the position of the Helicobacters on the phylogenetic tree.
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Martínez-Pérez, Pedro. "Health and disease status in a threatened marsupial, the quokka (Setonix brachyurus)." Thesis, Martínez-Pérez, Pedro (2016) Health and disease status in a threatened marsupial, the quokka (Setonix brachyurus). PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/34140/.
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Between 1901 and 1931, there were at least six anecdotal records of disease outbreaks in mainland quokkas (Setonix brachyurus) that were associated with mass mortalities. This time period pre-dates the arrival of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Despite these outbreaks, little or no research has been carried out to establish health and disease baseline data of the fragmented and scattered, extant populations. Epidemiological data was determined for a range of potential pathogens, and established physiological reference intervals of apparently healthy, wild quokkas on Rottnest Island and mainland locations. There were significant differences between Rottnest Island and mainland quokkas. Rottnest Island animals had haemograms with mark evidence of oxidative injury and bone marrow response consistent with a regenerative normocytic hypochromic anaemia. Except alkaline phosphatase (ALP), all blood chemistry analytes where higher in mainland animals, with particular emphasis on creatine kinase (CK), alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and vitamin E. Some other key findings include a widespread presence of a novel herpesvirus (MaHV-6), the recovery of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii from quokkas in highly altered ecosystems on Rottnest Island, and new Salmonella spp. serovars in Rottnest Island quokkas. Atypical lymphocytes resembling those in proliferative disorders of the lymphoid and haematopoietic tissues in other species were observed in blood smears of animals on Rottnest Island but not on the mainland. The presence of potentially-pathogenic organisms is likely to increase synergistic effects of ongoing and future threats (e.g. habitat clearing, climate change), and could increase quokka extinction risk. Disease surveillance would make a valuable contribution to Recovery Plans for the quokka, enabling preparedness for a rapid response if clinical disease is to happen, and to manage populations in a more integrated way.
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uk, rebecca vaughan@ioz ac, and Rebecca Jane Vaughan. "Health and disease status of Australia's most critically endangered mammal the Gilbert's potoroo(Potorous gilbertii)." Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20100423.124817.
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The Gilberts potoroo (Potorous gilbertii) is a small marsupial endemic to the Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve in the south-west of Western Australia. The Gilberts potoroo is classified as Australias most critically endangered mammal (IUCN 2006) with an estimated population of only 35 individuals. This thesis examines the health and disease status of the Gilberts potoroo, presenting a strong case for the relatively new concept of disease as a potential threatening factor and modifier of population decline.
Specific diseases, including Cryptococcus, ectoparasitism, endoparasitism, haemoparasitism, Toxoplasma and a novel Treponema organism are extensively studied. An assessment of the clinical significance of these diseases is made, and management strategies are recommended to minimise the impact of these diseases on both the wild and captive population.
The novel Treponema organism which clinically presents with tenacious, green discharge and an associated balanoposthitis in males is molecularly characterized. Epidemiological studies show the effects of this agent on reproductive function and a penicillin-based treatment regime is trialled in the analogous long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) with a recommendation to then trial this treatment regime in the critically endangered Gilberts potoroo.
Standard haematological and urinalysis findings are tabulated to form reference ranges for this species. A treatment regime for Cryptococcus in the analogous long-nosed potoroo is reported and parasitological findings, including the identification of a novel tick species are discussed.
This thesis addresses key health issues, which have subsequently been incorporated into the Recovery Plan of the Gilberts potoroo. A document encompassing multiple disciplines and expertise to support the recovery of this critically endangered marsupial in its current environment. In addition, this thesis outlines a recommended health monitoring and treatment protocol for future translocation procedures and provides a working example of the emerging importance of health monitoring in threatened species recovery programs.
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Eymann, Jutta. "Management of urban common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)." Doctoral thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/6.
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Thesis by publication -- 8 co-authored articles.Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences.
Includes bibliographical references.
Preface -- Management issues of urban common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula): a loved or hated neighbour -- Effects of deslorelin implants on reproduction in the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) -- Brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in metropolotan Sydney: population biology and response to contraceptive implants -- Strategic survey for Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) from urban Sydney, Australia -- Leptospirosis serology in the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) from urban Sydney, Australia -- Conclusions.
The common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is indeed a common inhabitant of many Australian citites, and one of the few marsupials that has adapted well to the urban environment. Their close proximity to people provides a great opportunity to experience native wildlife in the backyard, however, their utilization of house roofs, bold behaviour and appetite for garden plants often leads to conflict with householders. Population numbers are sufficiently high to require ongoing management to minimise negative impacts for humans and brushtail possums alike in a socially acceptable manner. The aim of this thesis was to identify current management issues and address the need for improved and novel management strategies. The potential of slow-release implants, containing the GnRH agonist deslorelin, as a contraceptive agent for brushtail possums was tested on a captive population. Males appeared resistant to treatment, but deslorelin was found to inhibit reproduction in female brushtail possums for at least one breeding season, making it a promising tool to control fertility in some wild populations. A further aim was to trial deslorelin implants on a wild urban population, to collect more information about the urban biology of this species and to point out issues which have previously not been addressed. Close proximity and interaction of urban brushtail possums with humans and their domestic animals can increase the risk of disease exposure and transmission and influence the health of wild populations. Serosurveys showed that animals were readily exposed to Leptospira spp. and Toxoplasma gondii. This thesis also provides the first data on brushtail possum dispersal in urban areas, knowledge which is highly relevant to the development of management strategies such as fertility control. The findings from this research broaden our knowledge about urban brushtail possums and should assist wildlife authorities in developing alternative or improved management procedures.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
xxv, 287 p. ill., maps
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Bettiol, SS. "Diseases of the eastern barred bandicoot (Perameles gunnii) with special reference to toxoplasmosis and the marsupial immune system." Thesis, 2000. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/19097/1/whole_BettiolSilvanaSantina2000_thesis.pdf.
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The reasons for the population decline of the marsupial the Eastern Barred Bandicoot, Perameles gunnii, in Tasmania, and the probable role of their susceptibility to protozoan diseases such as Toxoplasma gondii remain elusive. The pathological hallmarks of the disease have been extensively investigated in other animal species and although some species are more vulnerable to toxoplasmosis than others, the reason for marsupial vulnerability remains to be fully defined.
This thesis has sought to address these and other factors that might be associated with the relationship between the marsupial, its microbial and parasitic diseases, ecological surroundings and immune system. Secondly, it was essential to examine the current disease status of P. gunnii in relation to its zoonotic potential in the Tasmanian setting. Finally, it was necessary to attempt to investigate the immunological status of this animal.
The major conclusions from these investigations were that P. gunnii is extremely susceptible to even low doses of T. gondii oocysts. The development of clinical disease is rapid, with high morbidity and mortality. The species appears to be susceptible to other Apicomplexan species including Hepatozoon sp., and the flagellate Giardia. The close association of P. gunnii with humans and the infringement of humans into their habitat makes this marsupial vulnerable to trauma, predation, shelter and food deprivation, and exacerbation of current parasitic and microbial diseases. In summary, this study further clarifies the
relationship between humans, P. gunnii and parasite and the possible zoonotic potential that exists within Tasmania.
Books on the topic "Marsupial diseases"
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Clark, Phillip. Haematology of Australian Mammals. CSIRO Publishing, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643091030.
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Haematology of Australian Mammals is a valuable guide to collecting and analysing the blood of Australian mammals for haematological studies and diagnosis and monitoring of disease.
It outlines general principles for selecting sites for blood collection and for handling and analysing samples to achieve quality results. Chapters then describe the morphology and function of haematological cells, with reference to the known characteristics of Australian mammals in health and the changes that may be encountered in response to common diseases. Haemoparasites that have been encountered in Australian mammals are discussed next, along with comments on their pathogenicity. Lastly, haematological values from previously published studies are compiled into species-specific tables, providing a convenient reference to compare to the results of clinical cases.
Written descriptions and colour photomicrographs of haematological cells from more than 100 species aid the identification of cells and the detection of abnormalities. Information is provided throughout for representative species from all the major groups of native Australian mammals including monotremes, polyprotodont marsupials, diprotodont marsupials, rats and mice, bats and marine mammals.
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Schofield, C. J. American trypanosomosis (Chagas disease). Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0050.
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American trypanosomosis is due to infection with Trypanosoma cruzi (Protozoa, Kinetoplastidae). This is a widespread parasite of small mammals and marsupials throughout most of the Americas, roughly from the Great Lakes of North America (approx. 42 ° N) to southern Argentina (approx. 46 ° S). It is mainly transmitted by blood-sucking bugs of the subfamily Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) which are widespread in the Americas, but rare in the Old World. Except in some research laboratories, and infected immigrants from Latin America, T.cruzi has not been reported from the Old World, although closely-related trypanosome species are commonly found in Old and New World bats.Human infection with T.cruzi is generally known as Chagas disease, taking the name of Brasilian clinician Carlos Justiniano das Chagas who first described it from patients in central Brasil (Chagas 1909). Chagas isolated and described the parasite, correctly deduced most of its life-cycle and clinical symptoms associated with the infection, identified the insect vectors and some of the reservoir hosts, and also trialed initial attempts to control it. He was nominated at least twice for the Nobel prize in medicine (Coutinho and Dias 2000; Lewinsohn 2003).Although difficult to treat, Chagas disease can be controlled by measures to halt transmission, primarily by eliminating domestic populations of the insect vectors, together with serological screening to avoid transmission by blood donation from infected donors. Since 1991, a series of multinational initiatives have used this approach to halt transmission over vast regions of the areas previously endemic for the human infection. Estimated prevalence of the human infection has declined from the 1990 estimate of 16–18 million people infected, to the current estimate of just over 7 million infected (OPS 2006; Schofield & Kabayo 2008). Prevalence is expected to decline further, and control strategies are now being adjusted to develop a sustainable system of disease surveillance, focal vector control, and specific treatment for any new cases (Schofield et al. 2006; WHO 2007). Guidance for diagnosis and treatment is also required for non-endemic countries, where recent years have seen increasing migration from Latin America such that cases of chronic Chagas disease have now been reported from amongst Latin American migrants in Europe, USA and Canada, and Japan, together with some congenital cases and transmission from infected blood donors and by organ transplant.
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Vogelnest, Larry, and Rupert Woods, eds. Medicine of Australian Mammals. CSIRO Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643097971.
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In Medicine of Australian Mammals, more than 30 experts present the most current information available on the medical management of all taxa of Australian native mammals.
This comprehensive text is divided into two parts. The first includes chapters on general topics relevant to the medical management of captive and free-ranging Australian native mammals such as: veterinary considerations for the rescue, treatment, rehabilitation and release of wildlife; veterinary aspects of hand-rearing orphaned marsupials; marine mammal strandings and the role of the veterinarian; and wildlife health investigation and necropsy of Australian mammals. The second part covers the medicine of specific taxa of Australian native mammals. Detailed information on taxonomy, distribution, biology, anatomy, physiology, reproduction, husbandry, nutrition, physical and chemical restraint, clinical pathology, hand-rearing, diseases, zoonoses, therapeutics, reproductive management and surgery is included.
This practical, one-source reference is complemented by detailed photographs and illustrations, as well as tables listing reproductive and physiological data, diets, haematology and biochemistry values, and drug formularies. Appendices include a checklist of the mammals of Australia and its territories and a guide to the identification of common parasites of Australian mammals.
Medicine of Australian Mammals is clinically oriented and is a must-have for veterinary clinicians, no matter how experienced. The book will also be of use to veterinary students, researchers, biologists, zoologists, wildlife carers and other wildlife professionals.
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Torgerson,, Paul R., C. N. L. Macpherson, and D. A. Vuitton. Cystic echinococcosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0060.
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Cystic echinococcosis (CE)\cystic hydatid disease is one of the most widespread and important global helminth zoonoses. The parasite Echinococcus granulosus is maintained in a wide spectrum of intermediate hosts, including sheep, goats, camels, cattle, pigs and equines. A number of wild intermediate hosts occur, including cervids in the northern part of the North American continent and Eurasia, marsupials in Australia and wild herbivores in East and southern Africa. The application of a range of molecular techniques to the characterization of the parasite has confirmed the existence of mostly host-adapted strains and genotypes of the parasite and several new species have been proposed. The ubiquitous domestic dog serves as the most important definitive host for the transmission of the parasite throughout its wide geographical range.A wide range of diagnostic techniques, including necropsy, arecoline purgation, coproantigen ELISA and DNA based tests are available for detecting E. granulosus infection in the definitive host. In intermediate animal hosts, diagnosis at post mortem still remains the most reliable option. In humans, imaging techniques including ultrasound, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or computer aided tomography (CAT-scan provide not only a method of diagnosis but also reveal important clinical information on the location, condition, number and size of the hydatid cysts in man. Of these ultrasound is the most widely used diagnostic technique and is the only imaging technique for screening of populations in rural areas, where the disease is most common. A classification system has been developed which can be used to assess the likely development of a cyst and hence guide the clinician in treatment options for the patient. Treatment relies on surgery and/or percutaneous interventions, especially ‘Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, Re-aspiration’ (PAIR) and/or antiparasitic treatment with albendazole (and alternatively mebendazole).CE is largely a preventable disease. Successful elimination programmes have focused on frequent periodic treatments of dogs with anthelmintics and the control of slaughter of domestic livestock. In many regions elimination or even control remains a problem as the parasite is endemic over vast areas of low income countries where there may be limited resources for control. In some areas, such as former communist administered countries, the parasite is resurgent. New tools are becoming available to control the parasite, including a highly effective vaccine in sheep which prevents the infection in sheep and breaks the transmission cycle. In addition cost effective methods are being developed which may be appropriate in low income countries where financial resources are not available for intensive control programmes that have been successful in high income countries.
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The Man in the Cat-Hair Suit: And other true stories. Chapel Hill, NC, USA: William R. Greene, 2011.
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The Man in the Cat-Hair Suit: And other true stories. Chapel Hill, NC, USA: William R. Greene, 2011.
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The Man in the Cat-Hair Suit: And other true stories. Chapel Hill, NC, USA: William R. Greene, 2011.
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The Man in the Cat-Hair Suit: And other true stories. Chapel Hill, NC, USA: William R. Greene, 2011.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Marsupial diseases"
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Bender, Hannah S. "Devil Facial Tumour Disease (DFTD): Using Genetics and Genomics to Investigate Infectious Disease in an Endangered Marsupial." In Marsupial Genetics and Genomics, 499–515. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9023-2_23.
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"Order Marsupialia." In Colyer's Variations and Diseases of the Teeth of Animals, 140–52. Cambridge University Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511565298.010.
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"Order Marsupialia." In Colyer's Variations and Diseases of the Teeth of Animals, 320–30. Cambridge University Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511565298.019.
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Parthasarathy, S., G. Thiribhuvanamala, P. Muthulakshmi, and K. Angappan. "Diseases of Pterocarpus marsupium (Indian Kino Tree)." In Diseases of Forest Trees and their Management, 311. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003173861-44.
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Sahoo, Diptiman, Gyanesh Dash, K. T. K. G. Ranjan Mohanty, Srinivas Acharya, Ehsan Amiri Ardakani, Monali Priyadarsini Mishra, and Gyanranjan Mahalik. "Floristic and Ethnobotanical Study of Indigenous Plants of Ranapur Reserve Forest, Odisha, India." In Environmental Sciences. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106555.
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The indigenous plants of Ranapur reserve forest of Odisha state, India, possess ample scope in ethnobotany due to their medicinal properties. Keeping in view of the requirements of the urbanites, this work highlights the utilization of native flora, identification, ethnobotany, floristic survey, and preservation of natural and cultivated plant species within the hills of Ranapur, Odisha. A field study around the Ranapur forest resulted in a wide diversity accounting for 143 plant species belonging to 53 families, which were identified and documented alongside their botanical name, family, and habitat following local herbaria, archives of Flora of Orissa, monographs, and standard taxonomic study. Gmelina arborea, Rauwolfia serpentina, and Crataeva nurvala (Varuna) fall into the RET taxa (Rare, Endangered, and Threatened) and are groundbreaking against various diseases. A few wild plants such as Shorea robusta, Dalbergia sissoo, Pterocarpus marsupium, Murraya koenigii, and Schleichera oleosa were the most dominant species in the study area. The present study adds detailed database concerning the floral diversity and their medicinal values, which attracts many researchers as well as the local populace to conserve and explore their wide-spectrum applications. This could be useful in novel drug discovery and authenticates the ethnomedicinal knowledge.