Academic literature on the topic 'Marseille (France) – Social conditions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Marseille (France) – Social conditions"
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Mazzella, Sylvie. "Marsiglia: cittŕ portuale e di immigrazione. Riflessioni sulla «seconda generazione»." MONDI MIGRANTI, no. 3 (March 2009): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mm2008-003011.
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- When one looks at the presence of the foreigner in the city, the question of the peculiarity of the city and its local history is inevitably taken into account. In that regard, Marseille has always represented a unique laboratory in France. In the first part, the paper elaborates on the conditions of the emergence of the "second-generation" category in France in order to underline and criticize better in the second part the Urban Ecology and Marxist theories most often referenced when analyzing this topic. How do these theories translate into practice within the context of Marseille? Unlike the working-class world from Northern France, it appears that business activities in the broad sense - activities provided to the person in transit - , are a challenging and lucrative path providing social enhancement and promotion to the second-generation youth. It shows a transfer from father to son rather than an intergenerational clash. Such a clash is more noticeable between former migrants and new entrants in France.Keywords Marseille; immigration; second-generation; business activities.
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Pavliuk, T. "Influence of France on the formation of ballroom choreography in the context of Western Europe culture development in the XVI — early XXI centuries." Culture of Ukraine, no. 72 (June 23, 2021): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31516/2410-5325.072.23.
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The purpose of this paper to analyze the transformations in the French ballroom and choreographic practice, in the context of the development of culture of Western European countries of the XVI — early XXI centuries.
The methodology is an organic set of basic principles of research: objectivity, historicism, multifactority, systemicity, complexity, development and pluralism, and to achieve the goal, the following methods of scientific knowledge are used: problem-chronological, concrete historical, statistical, descriptive, logical and analytical.
The results. The analysis of trends in the development of ballroom dance in France and the influence of French culture on the formation of ballroom choreography in the XVI — early XXI centuries.
The analysis of trends in the development of ballroom dance in France and the influence of French culture on the formation of ballroom choreography in the XVI — early XXI centuries took place. The processes of transformation and democratization of ballroom choreography in the XVIII century, which already in the XIX century turned from salon art into a leisure object for various social strata throughout Europe, were investigated. In the XX century it was France that discovered non-European types of ballroom dancing for Europe, which subsequently acquired standardization in the English professional environment.
In the XX century France became the country where foreign art forms appeared and adapted to the conditions of European realities. France attracted artists from all over the world because of the special national culture formed in it. During the XX century the art of ballroom choreography in France developed rapidly. French performers and teachers continued long-standing national traditions. This factor had a positive effect on the training level of dancers in the field of professional and amateur ballroom dancing. Since 2010, France has been an active member of the World Dance Sports Federation (WDSF). The French Dance Federation (Fédération Française de Danse) is one of the largest organizations that develops ballroom choreography in the country. Over the past decades, dozens of open national and world ballroom dancing championships have been held in French cities (Paris, Marseille, Lyon, Nice, etc.).
The scientific topicality is to identify the processes of the influence of French culture on the development of ballroom choreography in the XVI — early XXI centuries.
The practical significance. The research may be used in developing lectures by specialists in choreography.
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Audren, Gwenaëlle, Virginie Baby-Collin, and Elisabeth Dorier. "Quelles mixités dans une ville fragmentée ? Dynamiques locales de l’espace scolaire marseillais." Partie 1 – Les politiques urbaines de mixité sociale à l’épreuve de la réalité, no. 77 (November 4, 2016): 38–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037901ar.
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En France, la mixité sociale est au coeur des politiques de renouvellement urbain qui visent à créer les conditions d’une coexistence plus équilibrée entre populations issues de différentes catégories sociales, comme des politiques scolaires visant à introduire plus de mixité sociale dans les établissements publics, pour permettre une meilleure égalité des chances à l’école. Cet article interroge les effets de ces politiques à Marseille, historiquement caractérisée par une forte ségrégation sociospatiale nord-sud, à partir d’enquêtes relatives aux mutations de quartiers en renouvellement urbain. L’analyse de bases de données du rectorat, doublée d’entretiens auprès des acteurs éducatifs, met en évidence les logiques à l’oeuvre en matière de choix de scolarisation. Les résultats montrent que la mixité résidentielle statistique, directement liée aux opérations d’aménagement qui ont contribué à une diversification sociale, peine à se traduire dans la réalité des pratiques scolaires, où l’on observe des pratiques de contournement des établissements de proximité. Les établissements publics ont du mal à diversifier le profil de leurs élèves, à moins de s’engager dans des stratégies de filières sélectives qui déplacent la ségrégation au sein des établissements. Les établissements privés restent quant à eux les principaux refuges des nouveaux résidents, issus des classes moyennes et supérieures, dans des logiques de reproduction sociale d’un entre-soi.
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Auriacombe, Marc, Perrine Roux, Laélia Briand Madrid, Sébastien Kirchherr, Charlotte Kervran, Carole Chauvin, Marie Gutowski, et al. "Impact of drug consumption rooms on risk practices and access to care in people who inject drugs in France: the COSINUS prospective cohort study protocol." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (February 2019): e023683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023683.
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IntroductionThe high prevalence of hepatitis C and the persistence of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) risk practices in people who inject drugs (PWID) in France underlines the need for innovative prevention interventions. The main objective of this article is to describe the design of the COSINUS cohort study and outline the issues it will explore to evaluate the impact of drug consumption rooms (DCR) on PWID outcomes. Secondary objectives are to assess how DCR (a) influence other drug-related practices, such as the transition from intravenous to less risky modes of use, (b) reduce drug use frequency/quantity, (c) increase access to treatment for addiction and comorbidities (infectious, psychiatric and other), (d) improve social conditions and (e) reduce levels of violence experienced and drug-related offences. COSINUS will also give us the opportunity to investigate the impact of other harm reduction tools in France and their combined effect with DCR on reducing HIV-HCV risk practices. Furthermore, we will be better able to identify PWID needs.Methods and analysisEnrollment in this prospective multi-site cohort study started in June 2016. Overall, 680 PWID in four different cities (Bordeaux, Marseilles, Paris and Strasbourg) will be enrolled and followed up for 12 months through face-to-face structured interviews administered by trained staff to all eligible participants at baseline (M0), 3 month (M3), 6 month (M6) and 12 month (M12) follow-up visits. These interviews gather data on socio-demographic characteristics, past and current drug and alcohol consumption, drug-use related practices, access to care and social services, experience of violence (as victims), offences, other psychosocial issues and perception and needs about harm reduction interventions and services. Longitudinal data analysis will use a mixed logistic model to assess the impact of individual and structural factors, including DCR attendance and exposure to other harm reduction services, on the main outcome (HIV-HCV risk practices).Ethics and disseminationThis study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of the French Institute of Medical Research and Health (opinion number: 14–166). The findings of this cohort study will help to assess the impact of DCR on HIV-HCV risk practices and other psycho-social outcomes and trajectories. Moreover, they will enable health authorities to shape health and harm reduction policies according to PWID needs. Finally, they will also help to improve current harm reduction and therapeutic interventions and to create novel ones.
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Kornblum, William. "La Visitation: Inequality and the Social Fabric of Marseille." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 673, no. 1 (September 2017): 296–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716217726064.
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Unlike many other major metropolitan centers in France, Marseille has not suffered high rates of collective violence and rioting in its public housing estates ( cités). Yet it is also true that the cités of Marseille are as feared and stigmatized as any in France. This article explores research on the city’s housing estates and presents original ethnographic work that helps to explain Marseille’s exceptionalism. I find that local efforts at community education by active residents of La Visitation, a typical mid-sized Marseille cité, enhance social cohesion and neighborhood pride, despite persistent problems of underemployment among its young residents. I also describe a successful effort to use a produced video (an application of visual sociology) to draw attention to and support for residents’ local initiatives.
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Bernache-Assollant, Iouri, Patrick Bouchet, Sarah Auvergne, and Marie-Françoise Lacassagne. "Identity Crossbreeding in Soccer Fan Groups: A Social Approach. The Case of Marseille (France)." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 35, no. 1 (January 20, 2011): 72–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723510396667.
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MICHOPOULOS, J., A. SFETSOS, S. ANDRONOPOULOS, and J. G. BARTZIS. "CLASSIFICATION OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS AND ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER CONCENTRATIONS IN THE AREA OF MARSEILLE, FRANCE." Journal of Aerosol Science 35 (July 2004): S1021—S1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(19)30246-0.
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Ayouba, Kassoum, Marie-Laure Breuillé, Camille Grivault, and Julie Le Gallo. "Does Airbnb Disrupt the Private Rental Market? An Empirical Analysis for French Cities." International Regional Science Review 43, no. 1-2 (January 7, 2019): 76–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160017618821428.
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This article evaluates whether Airbnb rentals affect the rents in the private rental sector in eight cities in France. We estimate a hedonic equation for each city on individual data for apartments, allowing for heteroscedasticity and spatial error autocorrelation of unknown forms and using a large variety of structural and contextual characteristics of the apartments. We show that the density of Airbnb rentals puts upward pressure on rents in Lyon, Montpellier, and Paris, whereas it has no significant effect in other cities. If we restrict the analysis to the professional business of Airbnb rentals, which we define as the lodgings owned by an investor who rents either several “entire home” dwellings (regardless of the number of days) or an “entire home” dwelling for more than 120 days a year, we find a greater effect, which concerns only the two largest cities of France, that is, Marseille and Paris. When we focus on new tenancy agreements, the impact is even higher and concerns Paris, Marseille, and Montpellier. The impact of the Airbnb activity on rents is shown to increase with the proportion of owner-occupiers and decrease with hotel density, both in Montpellier and Paris. However, the share of second homes leads to contrasting effects.
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Pattieu, Sylvain. "Souteneurs noirs à Marseille, 1918-1921: Contribution à l’histoire de la minorité noire en France." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 64, no. 6 (December 2009): 1361–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900027530.
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RésuméAlors que l’historiographie a privilégié intellectuels et militants, l’espace marseillais permet d’aborder l’histoire des populations noires par les milieux populaires. Le cas d’un petit groupe de navigateurs, devenus proxénètes à la faveur de la guerre, permet en effet de tester à la fois la portée et les limites d’une approche de leur trajectoire sociale par la « condition noire ». Ces souteneurs, éloignés de la culture légitime, marginaux par rapport à la norme sociale, sont toutefois très intégrés dans le milieu populaire localisé du port. Si la couleur de peau compte dans leur constitution en bandes, leur trajectoire ne diffère cependant pas significativement de celle des souteneurs blancs (et notamment corses) de Marseille: c’est surtout par l’appartenance à une même profession que s’explique ces carrières déviantes. Cette étude de cas interroge la portée sociale de la couleur de peau dans l’ensemble des facteurs sociaux dans les milieux populaires français et les luttes de classement en leur sein.
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Harris, Dustin Alan. "The Centre d'Accueil Nord-Africain: social welfare and the ‘problem' of Muslim youth in Marseille, 1950–1975." French History 33, no. 3 (September 2019): 444–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fh/crz067.
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Abstract In recent years, historians have paid increasing attention to social welfare initiatives undertaken in post-Second World War France to integrate Muslim Algerian migrants into French society and the legacies of these initiatives after decolonization. This article engages with this field of research by focusing on a topic it has largely ignored—the so-called ‘problem' of the integration of Muslim youth. The central point of focus is the Centre d'Accueil Nord-Africain (CANA), a private welfare association founded in Marseille in 1950 that well into the mid-1970s considered the integration of male Muslim North African youth its central objective. In exploring the origins and operations of the CANA over a roughly twenty-five-year period, this article offers new insights into issues of continuity and change related to the target, approach and objectives of integrationist social welfare for Muslim North Africans in France before and after decolonization.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Marseille (France) – Social conditions"
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Kone, Daouda. "Les mobilites des noirs africains dans l'aire metropolitaine marseillaise." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20025.
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L'apparition, a marseille, au sens de manifestation des noirs africains est analysee a partir des trajectoires urbaines. La construction longue du projet commercial, les entraides, les lieux de mixite, les proximites sont abordes. Leurs modalites de territorialisation, les pose en successeurs des maghrebins dans l'histoire des migrations marseillaises et en associes dans la nouvelle ecriture de la ville phoceenneThe appearance of black africans in marseille is analysed through urbane changes. Commercial projets, mutual aid, places of encounter are thus treated. The take over of commercial territory from the previous large immigration group, the north africans, follows in the footsteps of the history of migration in marseille. Henceforth this latest introducation into the urbane fabric, takes its rightful place as a new element in the continuing saga of the ancient phoenician city
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Guidarini, Valérie. "L' université : un nouvel outil de recomposition urbaine ? : l'exemple du site de la faculté des sciences de Saint-Jérôme dans les quartiers nord de Marseille." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0068.
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Nous nous sommes intéressés à la problématique de l'Université dans la Ville, à travers laquelle les étudiants se voient souvent dotés de capacités dynamisantes pour les espaces où ils sont implantés. Afin de comprendre comment fonctionnent les relations entre les sites universitaires et leurs alentours, nous avons étudié la relation entre espaces physiques et pratiques sociales. Le choix du terrain s'est porté sur le site marseillais de la Faculté des Sciences de Saint Jérôme. Après analyse, il apparaît que le rôle social que pourrait jouer l'Université ne peut se déduire d'une simple stratégie de création ou d'aménagement d'un site universitaire. La présence étudiante ne fait pas la vie étudiante. Celle-ci est surtout une réalité discrète, peu comparable à l'effet symbolique convoité. L'instrumentalisation de la population étudiante est donc délicate, car " l'instrument " n'est pas si facile d'utilisation, il vit et réagit de façon tout à fait spécifique en fonction de ce qui l'entoureWe had to deal with the problematic of " the University in the City " through which the students are often given dynamic abilities for the areas where they are set up. So as to understand how the connections between the university areas and their surroundings work, we studied the connection between the physical areas and the social practices. We selected the area of Faculté des Sciences de Saint Jérôme in Marseilles in our study. After analysis, it appears that the social part that the University could play cannot be deduced as a simple creative strategy or as one of the University setting up. Student presence does not make student life. This one is most a discreet reality, hardly comparable to the wanted symbolic effect. So the instrumentalisation of the student population appears uncomfortable because the “instrument” is not so easy to use, as living and reacting in a very specific way according to its surroundings
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Zotian, Elsa. "Grandir à Belsunce : les catégories ordinaires de l'expérience enfantine dans un quartier de Marseille." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0047.
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Cette thèse est une contribution à la socio-anthropologie de l'enfance. Elle porte sur des enfants âgés de 9 à 12 ans, fils et filles de migrants pour la plupart, grandissant à Belsunce, quartier populaire du centre ville de Marseille. Le but de cette thèse est, en partant de l'expérience quotidienne des enfants, de reconstituer leurs perceptions du monde social dans le contexte de la mondialisation. Ainsi, les enfants mettent en œuvre un ensemble de pratiques ordinaires où s'entrecroisent sociabilités locales et réalités à grande échelle. Ce faisant, ils élaborent et manipulent des formes de catégorisation du monde, créent des appartenances et construisent de l'altérité. L'analyse de ces processus de construction Identitaire enfantine montre que les enfants explicitent le monde à travers un certain nombre de référents qu'ils dotent de pertinence (appartenances ethnique, religieuse), tandis que d'autres sont faiblement revendiqués alors même qu'ils structurent fortement leur expérience (identité d'âge et de genre). Ces catégories ordinaires de l'expérience construisent par ailleurs des formes de rapport à soi spécifiques. Les enfants de Belsunce se pensent en tant que sujet à travers des catégories socialement construites, qui empruntent à la fois aux définitions de soi localement disponibles (le «bon élève », le « voyou ») et à des ensembles sémantiques et normatifs mondialisés (le «c1ando »). Cette étude montre enfin comment les enfants vivent leur inscription dans un certain nombre d'institution publiques et permet de comprendre, ce qui, de leur point de vue, provoque des formes de souffrance socialeThis thesis is a contribution to child socio-anthropology. The subjects were children aged from 9 to 12, mostly children of immigrants, growing up in Belsunce, a working-class neighbourhood in the centre of Marseille. The aim of this thesis is to use children's everyday experiences to reconstruct their perceptions of the social world in a context of globalisation. In a number of children’s ordinary activities, one can see local patterns interact with large-scale realities. While performing these activities the children elaborate and construct ways of categorising the world, form groups that belong and construct the 'other'. Analysing this identity construction in children shows that children make the world explicit using referents to which they attach importance (ethnicity, religion) , while other referents are less important, even though they make a big difference to the child s experience (age, gender). These ordinary categories of activity also result in specific types of relation to the self The children of Belsunce think of themselves as subject through socially-constructed categories, which borrow both from locally available definitions (teacher’s pet, “hooligan”) and from globalised semantic and normative groupings (“illegal” ). Finally, the study shows how children experience being members of certain public institutions, and gives their point of view on the causes of social suffering
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Guerry, Linda. "(S')exclure et (s')intégrer : le genre de l'immigration et de la naturalisation : l'exemple de Marseille (1918-1940)." Avignon, 2008. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01424741.
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Cette thèse, qui a pour sujet le genre de l'immigration et de la naturalisation à travers l'exemple marseillais de 1918 à 1940, entend croiser l'histoire des femmes et du genre et celle de l'immigration. Elle s'inscrit dans l'approche renouvelée des politiques d'immigration et des populations qui s'intéresse au rôle agissant des représentations, aux interactions entre les acteurs des politiques et les individus concernés, en particulier par l'étude des pratiques administratives. Cette recherche qui articule échelle nationale et locale s'appuie sur une analyse critique de sources diverses : archives préfectorales, archives de ministères, sources imprimées (études statistiques, ouvrages divers, presse, etc. ). L'objet de cette étude est d'interroger, dans la France des décennies 1920 et 1930 pétrie de préoccupations économiques et démographiques mais aussi secouée par des crises économiques, le poids du genre dans l'exclusion et l'intégration des immigrants à différents niveaux : les discours et les représentations, les flux d'immigration et leur comptage, les politiques d'immigration, le marché du travail et l'acquisition de la nationalité française (par décret et par mariage). Plus largement cette thèse entend contribuer à la compréhension de la construction de l'État-nation dans une perspective sexuéeThis thesis addresses issues of gender in immigration and naturalization through the example of Marseilles from 1918 to 1940 by comparing the history of women and gender with the history of immigration. It adopts a new approach to immigration and population policies that examines the role of representations and of interactions between policy makers and individuals, particularly through the study of administrative practices. This research, conducted at both the national and local level, is based on a critical analysis of diverse sources: prefectorial and ministerial archives, printed materials (statistical studies, diverse publications, newspapers, etc. ). The aim of this study is to question how gender has affected the exclusion and integration of immigrants in a historical context marked by economic and demographic crises in France during the 1920s and 1930s. Different levels of analysis are reviewed: speeches and representations, immigration flows and headcount, immigration policies, the labour market, acquisition of citizenship (by decree or by marriage). Further, this thesis contributes to a broader understanding of the construction of a Nation-State from a gender perspective
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Roudil, Nadine. "Normes et déviances dans l'espace urbain marseillais : étude du mode de désignation des déviants à la cité de la Castellane." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0097.
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Guermoudi, Zohra. "Intégration socio-spatiale de trois cités HLM en voie de dégradation dans leur quartier (cas de Plan d'Aou à Saint-Antoine, Castellane et la Bricarde à Verduron Marseille)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX23002.
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Aujourd'hui, en france, l'habitat social caracterise par les grands ensembles et cites h. L. M. Connait un probleme de degradation a des degres divers. Pour certains de ces ensembles, il s'agit de remettre a niveau certaines normes, et de resoudre des problemes d'entretien et de reparations. Pour d'autres, la degradation touche aussi bien le cadre physique que les conditions de la vie sociale. Diverses raisons expliquent ce phenomene. Les ensembles et cites de logements sociaux construits il y a environ une vingtaine d'annees ont ete realises rapidement, dans les conditions de l'industrialisation du batiment, et leur cadre de vie souffre de nombreuses negligences. En outre, leur localisation en peripherie et les liaisons insuffisantes integrent mal cet habitat a la ville. Marseille connait ce phenomene, et aujourd'hui, la ville prend en consideration une grande partie de son patrimoine important, afin de le sauvegarder. Les trois cites plan d'aou, castellane et la bricarde, situees au nord de marseille illustrent notre problematique et constituent un exemple. Notre problematique est de reveler les processus de degradation et d'analyser les moyens de sauvegarder le patrimoine, notamment a travers la rehabilitation des ensembles d'habitat socialNow in france, quarters of social habitations know a problem of degradation at different grades. For some of them, it calls in question again some norms and to resolve the problem of repairs and reparations. For the others, the degradation concerns physic frame as condition of social life. Different reasons explain this phenomenon. Social lodgings constructed twenty years ago, have been realized rapidly, works of industry of building structure, and their frame of life suffers a lot of negligences. Besides, their localization in periphery and insufficient junctions integrate badly this habitat at the town. Marseille knows this phenomenon and now, the town takes into consideration a great part of its patrimony, to safeguard it. The three quarters, plan d'aou, castellane and la bricarde localized in the north of marseille illustrate our problematic and constitute a example. Our problematic is to reveal the way of degradation and to analyze means to safeguard this patrimony, particularly by the rehabilitation of social habitat
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Luxembourg, Nicolas. "Renouvellement social et immobilités en périurbain : le cas de l'aire métropolitaine marseillaise." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX32046.
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Une conjonction de facteurs (économique, héliotropique, symbolique) fait que l'aire métropolitaine marseillaise jouit d'une attractivité résidentielle particulièrement dynamique. Le périurbain et ses villas situés entre Aix-en-Provence et Marseille sont notamment très recherchés par les ménages qui viennent s'installer dans le Sud. Alors que ce périurbain s'était formé jusque-là par la re-localisation de ménages populaires marseillais, depuis les années 1990, l'arrivée de ménages appartenant à la haute classe moyenne entraîne un renouvellement social de la population, une forte hausse des prix de l'immobilier et des blocages résidentiels. Ce sont ces blocages résidentiels, que nous appelons " immobilités ", qui sont analysés dans ce travail de thèse. Les immobilités sont abordées sur le plan des catégories sociales et générationnelles ainsi que sur le plan des modes culturels d'habiter. Ceci dans le but de révéler, au final, la part de frustration individuelle que comporte un territoire périurbain basé sur la mobilité (résidentielle, quotidienne, sociale).
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Michaud, Francine. "Un signe des temps : accroissement des crises familiales autour du patrimoine à Marseille à la fin du XIIIe siècle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17633.
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Messaoudene, Maha. "Logiques habitantes et offre résidentielle dans le processus de renouvellement urbain mis en oeuvre dans deux quartiers d'habitat social de la banlieue nord marseillaise : Bellevue et Bassens." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32009.
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Downing, Joseph. "Between policy, recognition and rioting : analyzing the role of urban governance, historical commemoration and public culture in defining inclusion in Paris, Lyon and Marseille." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3498/.
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While exhibiting similar socio-economic disadvantage, concentrated in post-migration communities, as the 274 towns and cities that rioted in the 2005 disturbances in France, Marseille did not riot. As a possible explanation for this behavior this thesis argues that the city has an inclusive urban identity not present in the same form in the other French cities that rioted. It is hypothesized that it is the application of a ‘policy narrative’ (Boswell et al 2011) offering ‘recognition’ (Taylor 1994) to post-migration communities that has given the identity of the city this inclusivity. On the contrary, this thesis takes the two cases of Paris and Lyon as contrasting examples of cities that rioted in 2005 to enable a comparative analysis to take place against two cities adhering to the national French policy context of assimilation that does not offer such recognition to post-migration communities. In light of the similar socio-economic problems across the three cases, and drawing on the literature concerned with the policy applications of multiculturalism, this thesis examines the policy narratives applied across three interrelated areas of municipal policy – governance, public culture and the commemoration of history. This analysis, however, demonstrates some unexpected trends. In this instance, both Paris and Lyon, in varying ways have begun in the past decade to apply a policy narrative of recognition towards post-migration communities in variance to the national policy context of assimilation. In both cases, however, the application of policies of recognition is both very recent, and very much contested by those interest groups that seek to maintain the status quo of assimilation. This analysis has found that Marseille is much more advanced in both the duration and extent of the policies of recognition deployed by the city across the three areas of governance, public culture and historical commemoration. As such, over the past two decades the city has worked to offer representation and recognition to post-migration communities that could be argued to play an important roll in creating an inclusive urban identity at the local level that militates against civil unrest.
Books on the topic "Marseille (France) – Social conditions"
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Between crown and commerce: Marseille and the early modern Mediterranean. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011.
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Structure and mobility: The men and women of Marseille, 1820-1870. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
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Notes on the plague years: AIDS in Marseilles. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1998.
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Boulanger, Patrick. Mémoires du savon de Marseille. Marguerittes [France]: Editions de l'Equinoxe, 1994.
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Viard, Jean. Marseille, une ville impossible. Paris: Payot & Rivages, 1995.
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Marseille, naissance d'une métropole. Paris: Harmattan, 1999.
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Sanmarco, Philippe. Marseille, eine kritische Liebeserklärung. Hamburg: Landeszentrale für Politische Bildung, 1988.
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Sanmarco, Philippe. Marseille, l'état du futur. Aix-en-Provence: Edisud, 1988.
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Bernard, Morel, ed. Marseille, l'endroit du décor. La Calade, Aix-en-Provence: Edisud, 1985.
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Sanmarco, Philippe. Marseille, l'état du futur. La Calade, Aix-en-Provence: Edisud, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Marseille (France) – Social conditions"
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Isidro, Lola, and Antoine Math. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in France." In IMISCOE Research Series, 165–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_11.
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Abstract After a long judicial fight between the 1970s and the late 1990s leading to the abolition of the condition of nationality that excluded foreigners from non-contributory benefits, and in a context of publicly debated restrictive immigration policies, other restrictive conditions were either reinforced or introduced in order to curb access to social protection for foreigners in France. A new condition of regularity for the access of foreigners to most social protection schemes was introduced and/or extended, especially since 1993. In a growing xenophobic context, restrictions were presented as a means to deter immigration and save the Welfare State placed under strong budgetary constraints. The classical condition of residence was also reactivated in a way to place more restrictions. New requirements, such as a condition of anteriority of presence and a condition of anteriority (seniority) of regular residence, were developed to exclude more non-EU migrants, despite their regular situation.
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Behrent, Michael C. "Pluralism’s Political Conditions: Social Realism and the Revolutionary Tradition in Pierre Leroux, P.-J. Proudhon and Alfred Fouillée." In Pluralism and the Idea of the Republic in France, 99–121. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137028310_6.
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Arrighi, Jean-Thomas, and Jean-Michel Lafleur. "Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for French Citizens Abroad." In IMISCOE Research Series, 193–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51245-3_11.
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Abstract While predominantly a country of immigration, France also counts with a sizeable population of citizens abroad of around three million individuals (4% of the domestic population). This chapter provides a general overview of France’s diaspora institutions, consular policies and social protection policies for citizens abroad. It describes in detail expatriates’ conditions of eligibility and access to welfare in the areas of unemployment, health care, pensions, family benefits and economic hardship. It shows that France, by European standards, has a comparatively strong level of engagement with its expatriates, particularly in the areas of electoral rights, culture and social protection. This must be understood in the light of France’s colonial history, its continued ambition to be a global actor, and its well-developed domestic welfare state that has increasingly become de-territorialised.
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Barozet, Emmanuelle, Marcelo Boado, and Ildefonso Marqués-Perales. "The Measurement of Social Stratification: Comparative Perspectives Between Europe and Latin America." In Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between Europe and Latin America, 171–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48442-2_6.
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AbstractThis chapter analyses compared social stratification in three Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile and Uruguay) and four European countries (Finland, France, Spain, Great Britain). We focus on both external and internal borders of social classes, as well as on the challenges posed by their analysis for sociology. We compare social classes using EGP6 in relation to a variety of social indicators, to examine how social classes vary among countries. We include debates on production models and welfare state policies to understand the specific configurations and compare the conditions of some of the INCASI countries regarding social stratification. Lastly, we apply a latent class analysis to validate the number of social classes and to recognise class boundaries.
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Jarty, Julie, and Karina Batthyány. "Recent Evolutions of Gender, State Feminism and Care Models in Latin America and Europe." In Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between Europe and Latin America, 361–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48442-2_12.
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AbstractThis chapter presents and characterises the way in which, in the twenty-first century, after years of feminist struggles inside and outside of institutions, gender relations are organised in the different countries of the INCASI project (on the European side, Spain, Italy, Finland, France and the United Kingdom, on the side of the South American Southern Cone, Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay). It pays special attention to the implementation of feminist issues on political agendas, and in particular the assignment of women to unpaid care work—an aspect of the power continuum that we look to relate to other aspects. Gradually and for almost a century all countries in both continents have granted women the status of subjects, citizens and employees. However, the conditions, challenges and timelines of this process differ considerably from one continent to another, so they need to be addressed separately. The neoliberal era did not have the same impact in Europe as it did in South America (nor was it exactly the same between particular European countries or among South American ones).
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Salais, Robert. "“La donnée n’est pas un donné”: Statistics, Quantification and Democratic Choice." In The New Politics of Numbers, 379–415. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78201-6_12.
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AbstractThis article investigates the transformation of employment policies in France, Germany, the UK and at European level, problematizing their shift towards governance-driven quantification, which has at its core the quest for efficiency putting equivalence between more and better, and having more for less. Numbers become both targets and evaluators leading to rational optimization of the data produced. This calls democracy into question. Citizens have no say in how they are accounted for. Employment takes on a very different meaning encompassing any job, regardless of wage, working conditions, or contract type. Social criticism movements face the task to produce alternative data relying on democratized procedures and justice expectations. Such data, capable of legitimately counteracting governance-driven quantification, would support another “understanding” of the collective issue at hand.
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Trimaille, Cyril, and Médéric Gasquet-Cyrus. "Sociolinguistic Change in the City: Gentrification and its Linguistic Correlates in Marseille." In Language and Social Structure in Urban France, 133–50. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315092058-12.
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Barbot, Michela, Jean-François Chauvard, and Stefano Levati. "Statuts et conditions sociales à l’épreuve du déclassement." In L'expérience du déclassement social. France-Italie, XVIe-premier XIXe siècle, 1–14. Publications de l’École française de Rome, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.efr.8367.
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Keller, Eileen. "Social learning in response to the crisis." In Financial Crises and the Limits of Bank Reform, 120–44. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870746.003.0006.
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This chapter explains the differing conclusions drawn from the financial crisis in France and Germany. The chapter provides original empirical data that shows that the banks’ lending behaviour during the crisis cannot account satisfactorily for the differing reform priorities identified in France and Germany. The second part of the chapter explores the pre-crisis developments that triggered the differing reactions. Simply put, while social learning was about the conditions and the availability of bank lending in France, in Germany it was related to the risks and the benefits associated with innovative market-based banking and financial sector concentration. The chapter confirms the respective narratives by systematically comparing and crosschecking the diverging dynamics in the two cases, building on extensive empirical data.
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Hill, Edwin. "Black Transnationalism and Sketches of Mediterranean Noir." In Transpositions, 235–60. Liverpool University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621112.003.0012.
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This chapter explores how Jean-Claude Izzo transposes black Atlantic musical culture into the aesthetic, cultural, and geographic settings of the Mediterranean noir. This essay locates Izzo’s aesthetic within a history of opaque relations between the textual, the visual, and the sonic that participate in the constitution of blackness in noir fiction. It focuses on Izzo’s neo-noir trilogy, set in his hometown Marseille, which includes the novels Total Khéops (1995), Chourmo (1996), and Soléa (1998). From beginning to end, Izzo marks his texts under the sound/sign of musical culture: Total Khéops references DJ Khéops and the inaugural mix-tape of Marseille rap group IAM; Chourmo references an album by the Marseille group Massilia Sound System; and Soléa references a Miles Davis / Gil Evans recording, Sketches of Spain. The essay will suggest that, if the noir novel evolves as a genre, as Izzo explains, “in parallel with an investigation into the social conditions of contemporary man, the modern form of fate,” then Izzo’s engagement with musical culture represents a deep, embodied meditation on unimagined yet vital futures—modeled and molded in the hybrid, borrowed, clandestine, and popular forms of cultural relation and collectivity that mark the black Atlantic.
Conference papers on the topic "Marseille (France) – Social conditions"
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Ouherrou, Nihal, Margarita Auli-Giraldo, and Stéphanie Mailles Viard Metz. "ASSESSING E-PORTFOLIO ACCEPTABILITY IN AN ONLINE COURSE." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end121.
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"E-portfolios play an important role in the success of online courses in higher education. They help universities to provide a more effective and efficient teaching-learning process by enabling students to track their skills and proceed towards their future career goals. In view of the rapid expansion of e-portfolios in French universities, a challenging problem arises regarding its acceptance and use by higher education students, particularly in the context of online courses. Indeed, using new technology can be considered as a process that implies the evolution of judgment over time. To address this gap, the present study has two objectives. First, it explores the key factors of acceptability (before use) and acceptance (after first use) of the e-portfolio Karuta according to the literature and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Second, it aims to generate appropriate assumptions and validate research instruments for a new experiment (e.g., questions, items). This is a quantitative and qualitative survey with a descriptive scope. Data were collected from 10 Master students in pedagogical and digital engineering at Aix-Marseille University, France. The research instrument is a questionnaire consisting of open and closed-end questions including: 41 items using a 7 points Likert Scale, which covers Self-Regulated Online Learning (SRSOL), UTAUT’s factors and the perceived enjoyment variable administered before and after use; 2 open questions to gather more explanations from participants about their reasons to continue to (or not to) use the e-portfolio in the future; and 1 question about their feelings regarding the reflexive activity implemented when they completed or used the e-portfolio within the Karuta tool. The results showed that students seem to have the intention to continue to use the e-portfolio as part of their learning process. Besides, it appears that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence predict behavioral intention to use and to continue to use the e-portfolio."
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Ivanova, Anna, and Svetlana Popova. "EFFICIENCY OF STATE SUPPORT MEASURES OF POPULATION INCOME DURING THE PERIOD OF CONSTRAINTS: A COUNTRY APPROACH." In Manager of the Year. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/my2021_82-89.
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This article is devoted to the research of the COVID-19 pandemic affected the economy of the Russian Federation and other countries of the world and its consequences on society. Today, the social policy of the Russian Federation and the whole world is experiencing great stress. The crisis, which arose due to the imposed restrictive measures to ensure the isolation regime in order to prevent the spread of COVID-2019 by foreign governments, revealed previously existing gaps in the provisions of social protection. The ways of formation and improvement of state support of incomes of the population during a crisis situation all over the world are considered. In the conditions of the crisis, the load on the social system has increased many times over, due to the increase in the number of poor citizens. Funding has been introduced for various measures, methods and ways to improve livelihoods and prevent the closure of Micro-Enterprises, SMEs of all types, self-employed and workers, in order to prevent unemployment caused by the global situation. The analysis of the gross domestic product and the effectiveness of the implemented additional measures of state support of the population’s income has been carried out. For example, the leading countries of the world were considered, such as: Russia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, USA.
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Demir, Emre. "THE EMERGENCE OF A NEO-COMMUNITARIAN MOVEMENT IN THE TURKISH DIASPORA IN EUROPE: THE STRATEGIES OF SETTLEMENT AND COMPETITION OF GÜLEN MOVEMENT IN FRANCE AND GERMANY." In Muslim World in Transition: Contributions of the Gülen Movement. Leeds Metropolitan University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/bkir8810.
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This paper examines the organisational and discursive strategies of the Gülen movement in France and Germany and its differentiation in Turkish Islam in Europe, with the primary focus on the movement’s educational activities. The paper describes the characteristics of organisational activity among Turkish Muslims in Europe. Then it analyses two mainstream religious-communitarian movements and the contrasting settlement strategies of the “neo- communitarian” Gülen movement. Despite the large Turkish population in western Europe, the movement has been active there for only about ten years – relatively late compared to other Islamic organisations. Mainly, the associational organisation of Turkish Islam in Europe is based on two axes: the construction/ sponsoring of mosques and Qur’anic schools. By contrast, the Gülen movement’s members in Europe, insisting on ‘the great importance of secular education’, do not found or sponsor mosques and Qur’anic schools. Their principal focus is to address the problems of the immi- grant youth population in Europe, with reintegration of Turkish students into the educational system of the host societies as a first goal. On the one hand, as a neo-communitarian religious grouping, they strive for a larger share of the ‘market’ (i.e. more members from among the Turkish diaspora) by offering a fresh religious discourse and new organisational strategies, much as they have done in Turkey. On the other hand, they seek to gain legitimacy in the public sphere in Germany and France by building an educational network in these countries, just as they have done in Central Asia and the Balkans region. Accordingly, a reinvigorated and reorganised community is taking shape in western Europe. This paper examines the organizational and discursive strategies1 of the Gülen movement in France and Germany and it is differentiation in Turkish Islam in Europe. We seek to analyse particularly the educational activities of this movement which appeared in the Islamic scene in Diaspora of Europe for the last 10 years. We focus on the case of Gülen movement because it represents a prime example amongst Islamic movements which seek to reconcile-or ac- commodate- with the secular system in Turkey. In spite of the exclusionary policy of Turkish secular state towards the religious movements, this faith-based social movement achieved to accommodate to the new socio-political conditions of Turkey. Today, for many searchers, Gülen movement brings Islam back to the public sphere by cross-fertilizing Islamic idioms with global discourses on human rights, democracy, and the market economy.2 Indeed, the activities of Gülen movement in the secular context of France and Germany represent an interesting sociological object. Firstly, we will describe the characteristics of organizational ability of Anatolian Islam in Europe. Then we will analyse the mainstream religious-com- munitarian movements (The National Perspective movement and Suleymanci community) and the settlement strategies of the “neo-communitarian”3 Gülen movement in the Turkish Muslim Diaspora. Based on semi-directive interviews with the directors of the learning centres in Germany and France and a 6 month participative observation of Gülen-inspired- activities in Strasbourg; we will try to answer the following questions: How the movement appropriates the “religious” manner and defines it in a secular context regarding to the host/ global society? How the message of Gülen is perceived among his followers and how does it have effect on acts of the Turkish Muslim community? How the movement realises the transmission of communitarian and `religious’ values and-especially-how they compete with other Islamic associations? In order to answer these questions, we will make an analysis which is based on two axes: Firstly, how the movement position within the Turkish-Islamic associational organisation? Secondly, we will try to describe the contact zones between the followers of Gülen and the global society.
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Mazur-Kumrić, Nives. "POST-COVID-19 RECOVERY AND RESILIENCEBUILDING IN THE OUTERMOST REGIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: TOWARDS A NEW EUROPEAN STRATEGY." In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22443.
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The socio-economic environment of the outermost regions of the European Union was severely affected by the COVID-19 crisis. Due to their geographical and historical specificities, the outermost regions were significantly lagging behind the rest of the European Union in terms of economic indicators even in the pre-pandemic period. Expectedly, COVID-19-induced shocks additionally potentiated their development gap. The purpose of this paper is to summarise the multiple impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Réunion, Martinique, Mayotte, and Saint Martin (France), the Azores and Madeira (Portugal), and the Canary Islands (Spain), and the related legislative responses of the European Union aiming at eliminating adverse effects of the crisis and building more resilient societies. The factual assessment is carried out primarily through the prism of the European Commission’s 2021 Study on the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Outermost Regions, which underlines the health, economic and social repercussions of the crisis as well as a recommended set of recovery and resilience-building measures in the outermost regions. The legal analysis focuses on the ongoing codification of the rules and measures regulating the governance of the outermost regions as integral parts of the European Union. Pursuant to Article 349 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), the European Union shall adopt specific measures for laying down the conditions for the development of the outermost regions, such as those in the area of fiscal policy, European Structural and Investment Funds, State-aid, agriculture and fisheries policies, and others. In that regard, the paper looks into the recently adopted regulations facilitating the use of EU funds and particular benefits (e.g. tax exemptions) in the outermost regions. Special emphasis is put on the currently tabled initiatives for an updated regulatory framework enabling the outermost regions to improve and strengthen their overall socio-economic position. That mainly refers to the forthcoming European strategy for the outermost regions, to be adopted in 2022. The respective strategy shall lay the foundations for a new strategic approach of the European Union to shaping a sustainable and resilient future for the outermost regions apt to face the challenges of the 21st century, notably those related to green, digital, and demographic transition.
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D'Aprile, Marianela. "A City Divided: “Fragmented” Urban and Literary Space in 20th-Century Buenos Aires." In 2016 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2016.22.
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When analyzing the state of Latin American cities, particularly large ones like Buenos Aires, São Paolo and Riode Janeiro, scholars of urbanism and sociology often lean heavily on the term “fragmentation.” Through the 1980s and 1990s, the term was quickly and widely adopted to describe the widespread state of abutment between seemingly disparate urban conditions that purportedly prevented Latin American cities from developing into cohesive wholes and instead produced cities in pieces, fragments. This term, “fragmentation,” along with the idea of a city composed of mismatching parts, was central to the conception of Buenos Aires by its citizens and immortalized by the fiction of Esteban Echeverría, Julio Cortázar and César Aira. The idea that Buenos Aires is composed of discrete parts has been used throughout its history to either proactively enable or retroactively justify planning decisions by governments on both ends of the political spectrum. The 1950s and 60s saw a series of governments whose priorities lay in controlling the many newcomers to the city via large housing projects. Aided by the perception of the city as fragmented, they were able to build monster-scale developments in the parts of the city that were seen as “apart.” Later, as neoliberal democracy replaced socialist and populist leadership, commercial centers in the center of the city were built as shrines to an idealized Parisian downtown, separate from the rest of the city. The observations by scholars of the city that Buenos Aires is composed of multiple discrete parts, whether they be physical, economic or social, is accurate. However, the issue here lies not in the accuracy of the assessment but in the word chosen to describe it. The word fragmentation implies that there was a “whole” at once point, a complete entity that could be then broken into pieces, fragments. Its current usage also implies that this is a natural process, out of the hands of both planners and inhabitants. Leaning on the work of Adrián Gorelik, Pedro Pírez and Marie-France Prévôt-Schapira, and utilizing popular fiction to supplement an understanding of the urban experience, I argue that fragmentation, more than a naturally occurring phenomenon, is a fabricated concept that has been used throughout the twentieth century and through today to make all kinds of urban planning projects possible.
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Ancius, Darius, Rimantas Krenevicius, Saulius Kutas, and Michel Chouha. "Progress in Decommissioning of Ignalina NPP Unit 1." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22057.
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The aim of the paper is to present the Lithuanian legal framework regarding the nuclear safety in Decommissioning and Waste Management, and the progress in the Decommissioning Programme of the unit 1 of Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (INPP). INPP is the only nuclear plant in Lithuania. It comprises two RBMK-1500 reactors. After Lithuania has restored its independence, responsibility for Ignalina NPP was transferred to the Republic of Lithuania. To ensure the control of the Nuclear Safety in Lithuania, The State Nuclear Power Safety Inspectorate (VATESI) was created on 18 October 1991, by a resolution of the Lithuanian Government. Significant work has been performed over the last decade, aiming at upgrading the safety level of the Ignalina NPP with reference to the International standards. On 5 October 1999 the Seimas (Parliament) adopted the National Energy Strategy: • It has been decided that unit 1 of Ignalina NPP will be closed down before 2005, • The conditions and precise final date of the decommissioning of Unit 2 will be stated in the updated National Energy strategy in 2004. On 20–21 June 2000, the International Donors’ Conference for the Decommissioning of Ignalina NPP took place in Vilnius. More than 200 Millions Euro were pledged of which 165 M€ funded directly from the European Union’s budget, as financial support to the Decommissioning projects. The Decommissioning Program encompasses legal, organizational, financial and technical means including the social and economical impacts in the region of Ignalina. The Program is financed from International Support Fund, State budget, National Decommissioning Fund of Ignalina NPP and other funds. Decommissioning of Ignalina NPP is subject to VATESI license according to the Law on Nuclear Energy. The Government established the licensing procedure in the so-called “Procedure for licensing of Nuclear Activities”; and the document “General Requirements for Decommissioning of the Ignalina NPP” has been issued by VATESI. A very important issue is the technical support to VATESI and the Lithuanian TSO’s (Technical Support Organisations) in their activities within the licensing process related to the Decommissioning of INPP. This includes regulatory assistance in the preparation of decommissioning and radioactive waste management regulatory documents, and technical assistance in the review of the safety case presented by the operator. The Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN, France) and the French Nuclear Safety Authority (DSIN) as well as Swedish International Project (SIP) are providing their support to VATESI in these areas.
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Vrasmas, Ecaterina, and Traian Vrasmas. "DEVELOPING A EUROPEAN PROFESSIONAL’S NETWORK IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION:E LEARNING PROCESS AND OUTCOMES." In eLSE 2012. Editura Universitara, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-12-063.
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Title: Developing a European professional’s network in Inclusive Education: E learning process and outcomes Vrasmas, Ecaterina, University of Bucharest, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Panduri Street No.90, Bucharest; Email: ecaterinavr@yahoo.com Vrasmas, Traian, Ovidius University Constanta, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Bd. Mamaia Street No.124 Email: traianvrasmas@yahoo.com ABSTRACT The context The paper describes a European project focusing on using eLearning media, in order to establish is quite an actual trend establish a European network for professionals. It is a new and strong trend in education, particularly in inclusive education. Inclusive education is one of the highest challenges in the field of education, for all European countries. Each country had its own history, experiences, cultural conditions, its own approaches, opportunities and challenges but common work and values are needed. Short description A group of professionals from national associations in England, France, Island, Italy and Romania has decided, after the European Conference of Social inclusion (2008, Clairmond Ferrand, France) to act for the implementation of the conclusions from this conference. They have planned and started to build a network for inclusive education among those five national organizations. They planned and implemented a Leonardo project called “Partnership of professionals for inclusive education.” They implemented all the project working together, in order to share experiences and debate on which are the most relevant barriers in the European and each national context and find solutions to advance in inclusive education. Aside of the direct meetings, in each country, most of the project preparation and implementation was made via eLearning (email communication, site development, power point preparation and presentation, reporting on a European data base etc). The main objectives of the project were: - To built a web site of the project; - To work together for finding common barriers and solutions for inclusive education. The project has reached these objectives by using eLearning media. During the process and as a result of eLearning we have produced important outcomes: - A web site (http://inclusiveeducation-leonardo-professionals.blogs.apf.asso.fr,Utilisat eur: leo-nardoprofessionals, Mot de passe : leonardoprofessionals; - A list of barriers and facilitators of inclusive education; Additional outcomes were: - A Guide for professionals on inclusive education; - A lot of power point presentations, on international documents and policies on national educational policies and inclusive education history in each country, study cases and ex-periences, lessons learned in different visits. The project website was designed for all the partners and for all institutions dealing with educa-tion. It contains a glossary of inclusion, with the main concepts, in all five languages (English, French, Italian, Romanian and Icelandic). It describes the partners involved, some elements facili-tating the understanding of the European and international perspective on inclusive education, based on the experiences collected in the project, on the results and documents obtained. The list of barriers and facilitators of inclusive education is a synthesis of the professionals work and a result of several debates. After listing barriers and the facilitating factors, the elements which can be barriers and facilitators as well, the list contains the synthesis of the discussion from each country, on the topic of identification of particular aspects: defining inclusion, the major actors, the resources needed - just a few of the analyze points. The Guide for professionals has been developed by the project professionals, as a working tool, issued from the discussions during the school visits in the 5 countries, from the synthesis of analysis and of conclusions (from international sources) regarding inclusive educa-tion. It defines inclusion, suggests a set o principles, identifies solutions for the barriers, and offers concrete examples from each country, regarding policies, practices, cultures and values. It is an open and positive point of view. During the project more than 80 different power points presentation were produced, focusesd on in-ternational and national legislation, scientific arguments on inclusive education, each country policy and experiences. One of them is the Final slide show (album) 2009-2011. It contains photos which are presenting the countries that had participated (places, traditions, touristic attractions, art objects and towns architecture), as well as the "authors" involved in the project. The photos are proving the good collaboration during seminars, visits, during the attractive free time opportunities in each of the five countries. All these are posted on the website of the project, in order to become tools for inclusive education dissemination as eLearning instruments. Conclusions The process of eLearning using different media was vital during and for the success of this pro-ject. At the end it offered to all professionals participant the possibility to better understand the inclusion importance and issues and to promote a new perspective in education, via ongoing collaboration between professionals, cultures and experiences. Working in common for defining inclusive education in five national contexts and describing the barriers and solutions was very challenging. It was also necessary and rewording, in this moment of the European efforts for defending our common values.