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Journal articles on the topic 'Married women – psychology – fiction'

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Published: 26 July 2024

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Zakia Khurshid and Dr. Atta Ur Rehman Meo. "Family Life In Muhammad Hafeez Khan's Novel "Adh Adhore Log": An Analytical Study." Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.58760/dareechaetahqeeq.v4i4.146.

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Muhammad Hafeez Khan occupies a prominent position in Urdu literature of the 21st century. He is a novelist, fiction writer, playwright, columnist, researcher, critic and poet at the same time. About thirty of his books have been published, including four novels; Adh Adhore Log, Kirknath, Mantara and Anwasi have been published. He has effectively portrayed the social and family life of the elite in the present era where the psychology of women and the tension of their family life can be clearly seen. Family life basically means married life of husband and wife. Family life constitutes a family, which is the basis of the social system. This small organization formed by husband and wife and children is the biggest link in the cultural life of man. This article discusses the family life in Mohammad Hafeez Khan's novel "Adh Adhore Log".

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2

Paradise, Sharyn A. "Older Never Married Women:." Women & Therapy 14, no. 1-2 (June 23, 1993): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j015v14n01_12.

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3

Tokuç, Burcu, Galip Ekuklu, and Serap Avcioğlu. "Domestic Violence Against Married Women in Edirne." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 25, no. 5 (July 8, 2009): 832–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260509336960.

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4

Kushnir, Talma, and Estela Kristal-Boneh. "Blood Lipids and Lipoproteins in Married and Formerly Married Women." Psychosomatic Medicine 57, no. 2 (1995): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006842-199503000-00003.

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5

Reddy, N. Krishna, M. N. Vranda, Atiq Ahmed, B. P. Nirmala, and B. Siddaramu. "Work-Life Balance among Married Women Employees." Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 32, no. 2 (July 2010): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.78508.

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6

Yip, Paul S. F. "Age, Sex, Marital Status and Suicide: An Empirical Study of East and West." Psychological Reports 82, no. 1 (February 1998): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.1.311.

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The relationships among age, sex, marital status and suicidal behaviour in Australia and Hong Kong showed disparity in age-specific suicide rates among the four marital status groups, never married, married, widowed and divorced, for both sexes in the two locations. Examining the coefficients of preservation suggested the coefficient for never married to married in all cases was larger than 1, except for the groups of teenagers aged 15–19 years for both sexes and of elderly women aged 60 years or over in Hong Kong. The widowed or divorced groups have lower suicide rates than the married women among the elderly in Hong Kong. Hong Kong women seem not to have been benefited in marriage as much as men. Responsibility and workload in married life rather than low social status are the likely reasons for the relative high female suicide rate in Hong Kong. Possible cultural and environmental factors which are somewhat speculative (yet to be confirmed) are discussed.

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7

Taylor, Ronald D. "Educational Equity of Married or Engaged Partners." Psychological Reports 81, no. 2 (October 1997): 401–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.81.2.401.

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A causal-comparative research design was employed to analyze the number of years of formal education completed by individuals publicly announcing their marriage or engagement to marry. For the majority of couples, men and women had equivalent years of formal education completed. Among the remainder of couples, women more often than men had completed more years of formal education. Over-all, more men than women had completed no postsecondary education, but more men than women had completed an associate's degree and more men than women had completed an advanced degree. Far more women than men had completed a bachelor's degree.

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8

Harrell, Thomas W. "The Association of Marriage and MBA Earnings." Psychological Reports 72, no. 3 (June 1993): 955–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.3.955.

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Sex differences in MBA careers were investigated to test three hypotheses: (1) men will advance in management more than women, (2) women will show more emotional reaction to career stress than men, (3) single women will progress more equally to single men than will be true for married women compared to married men. All three of the hypotheses were supported. Men earned more. In 1990 Kazal-Thresher found starting sex segregation by industry and occupation to explain some differences in earnings. Men worked longer hours, had more stable employment, achieved a general manager position more frequently, and had higher job satisfaction than women. Women, especially married women, expressed more frustration about careers than did men. Single women were not significantly different from single men in earnings, hours of work, stability of employment, and job satisfaction. Single women did not achieve a position as general manager as frequently as did single men.

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9

Young, Michael, George Denny, Tamera Young, and Raffy Luquis. "Sexual Satisfaction among Married Women Age 50 and Older." Psychological Reports 86, no. 3_suppl (June 2000): 1107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.86.3c.1107.

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Correlates of sexual satisfaction were identified in a sample of older married women. A 70-item questionnaire was mailed to an age-stratified sample of 5,000 married persons, including 1,000 married women over the age of 50. Usable questionnaires were received from 148 participants (14.8% return rate) Hierarchical multiple regression analysis, using sexual satisfaction as the dependent variable, yielded five predictor variables that accounted for a significant portion of the variation in sexual satisfaction (Cumulative R2 = .73). These results serve as a reminder that sexual interactions cannot be compartmentalized but must be considered within the context of the overall marriage relationship. Given the low return rate, interpretations should be limited until replication with an adequate sample has been completed.

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10

Young, Michael, George Denny, Tamera Young, and Raffy Luquis. "Sexual Satisfaction among Married Women Age 50 and Older." Psychological Reports 86, no. 3_part_2 (June 2000): 1107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003329410008600307.2.

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Correlates of sexual satisfaction were identified in a sample of older married women. A 70-item questionnaire was mailed to an age-stratified sample of 5,000 married persons, including 1,000 married women over the age of 50. Usable questionnaires were received from 148 participants (14.8% return rate). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis, using sexual satisfaction as the dependent variable, yielded five predictor variables that accounted for a significant portion of the variation in sexual satisfaction (Cumulative R2 = .73). These results serve as a reminder that sexual interactions cannot be compartmentalized but must be considered within the context of the overall marriage relationship. Given the low return rate, interpretations should be limited until replication with an adequate sample has been completed.

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11

Babchuk, Nicholas, and Trudy B. Anderson. "Older Widows and Married Women: Their Intimates and Confidants." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 28, no. 1 (January 1989): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/npea-2j32-5cv3-rug7.

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Interview data obtained from 132 women sixty-five and older reveals that the widows and married women have a comparable number of primary friends. Being over age seventy-four influences the size of the friendship network for widows but not married women. The primary friendships of widows and married women parallel each other in terms of endurance and stability. Primary ties with men are the exception rather than the norm, for both widows and married women. Widows do differ from married women in that the former rely on confidant friends to a greater extent. Ties between older women and their confidants are characterized by norms of reciprocity.

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12

Nida Ansari. "Predicament of a Woman in Manju Kapur’s Home." Creative Launcher 4, no. 6 (February 29, 2020): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2020.4.6.02.

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Manju Kapur is an Indian novelist. She was born on 25th October 1948. She is an archetypal representative of the postcolonial women novelists. She was a professor of English Literature at her alma mater at Miranda House College, Delhi. But she is retired from there. She joined the growing number of Indian women novelists, who have contributed to the progression of Indian fiction i.e. Shashi Deshpande, Arundhati Roy, Kamla Das, Geetha Hariharan, Anita Nair, Shobha De. Her novels reflect the position of women in the patriarchal society and the problems of women for their longing struggle in establishing their identity as an autonomous being. Her works not only gives voice to the society’s effort to improve its women population but it is for every woman’s self–consciousness in order to improve the society. She has written five novels, Difficult Daughters (1998), A Married Woman (2002), Home (2006), The Immigrant (2008), and Custody (2011). Kapur’s most memorable female characters are Virmati, Astha, Nisha, Nina, Shagun and so many others. All of them strive to assert themselves. These characters give us a rare glimpse of modernized Indian women who are in their aggression may enter into a scandalous relationship with her married neighbor, the professor or develop lesbian relationship as Virmati does in Difficult Daughters and Astha in A Married Woman. But Nisha in Home is different from her predecessors.

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13

Ahmad Bin Abdullah Al-Ajlan, Reem Ibrahim Alhussain,. "The Counseling Needs of Girls about to Get Married: A Qualitative Study of Taal of Association in Unayzah." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.1056.

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This study aimed at identifying the cognitive and skills needs of young women getting married by monitoring the reality in the rehabilitation program of young women getting married. This study adopted the qualitative approach, which focuses on studying the phenomena, the individuals, communities, and institutions in various fields and describing them to reach a deeper understanding. The study used two methods to collect data and information from the research sample. The Focus group tool, which was used with a purposive sample of (21) young women getting married and who attended the qualification program of young women getting married. The other tool was interviews with the trainers. The researcher had individual interviews with all the seven trainers. The results of this study revealed that the most important knowledge according to trainers is the psychological knowledge and the medical knowledge. The results showed also that the most important skills required in this program from the trainer’s point of view were house management, grooming and personal care, and emotion control. The most important knowledge that has gained the favor of young women getting married in this program are psychological and medical knowledge. The most significant skills that young women getting married need are: the skill if dealing with the husband, the skill of emotion control, the skill of emotions management, the skill of planning, and the skill of problem solving. The study recommended using the rehabilitation programs with couples getting married and making such programs as a condition of the marriage contract. The study also recommended establishing a department in the Ministry of Labor and Social Development, which supervises the providers of pre-marriage counseling courses.

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Thavaseelan, Dr B. "HOPEFULNESS AND FRUSTRATION IN DOMESTIC LIFE IN MANJU KAPUR’S A MARRIED WOMEN." International Journal of Language, Linguistics, Literature and Culture 02, no. 05 (2023): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.59009/ijlllc.2023.0034.

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This paper attempts to bring new women in Manju Kapur’s A Married Woman taking into account the hopefulness and frustration in domestic life. With diverse cultures, histories, and distinct forms of ethics and values, the women’s question, despite essential solidarity, needs to be tackled about the socio-cultural circumstances. The lives of women who survived and struggled under the suppressive mechanism of a restricted society can be manifested in the novels of Kapur. She has written fiction focusing on the predicament of contemporary women particularly in their struggle for empowerment and independence from the male- chauvinistic social structure. Now “Woman Question” is no longer a problem limited to the condition of women within the family or their rights to equality with men in different facets of social life. It is part of the total, far broader question considering the direction of change that Indian society is making - social, political, economic, and the intellectual viewpoint and examination of that process.

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15

Ijaz, Iqra, Aisha Zubair, and Qudsia Saeed. "Relationship Self-Regulation and Dyadic Coping in Married Women: Role of Demographic Factors." PJPR Vol. 37 No. 1 (2022) 37, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.1.08.

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The present study attempted to investigate the predicting influence of relationship self-regulation in dyadic coping among married women. In addition, role of demographic factors such as education, employment status of married women, and family system were also determined in relation to study variables. The sample comprised of 300 married women with age ranging from 22 to 38 years (Mean age = 28.77) with at least two years of marital duration. Measures of Behavioral Self-Regulation for Effective Relationships Scale (Wilson, Charker, Lizzio, Halford, & Kimlin, 2005) and Dyadic Coping Inventory (Bodenmann, 2008) were used to assess the study variables. Findings showed that relationship self-regulation positively predicted better dyadic coping. Results of multivariate analysis inferred that working married women being highly educated and living in nuclear setup reported better relationship self-regulation and dyadic coping. However, nonsignificant differences were found in relation to spousal education and duration of marriage. Implications for future research and practical intervention strategies for couple therapists and educators were also discussed.

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16

Warren, Lynda W., and Lyla McEachren. "Derived Identity and Depressive Symptomatology in Women Differing in Marital and Employment Status." Psychology of Women Quarterly 9, no. 1 (March 1985): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1985.tb00866.x.

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Derived identity, defined as a sense of self that is overly influenced by and dependent upon relationships with significant others, and depressive symptomatology, measured by the CES-D scale, were assessed in a sample of 564 adult women classified into one of six marital-employment status groups: married professional, single professional, married nonprofessional, single nonprofessional, married nonemployed, and single nonemployed. Married women were found to report more derived identity than single women and, when age effects were controlled, married women also had higher CES-D scores than single women. Employment status results in aggregate indicated that for women of equal education: (1) employment outside the home, whether it be professional or nonprofessional, is related to a more autonomous sense of self than nonemployment and (2) employment outside the home is not associated with lower CES-D scores than nonemployment. Derived identity and depression were also found to be significantly correlated within the total sample and within each marital-employment status group.

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17

Cameron, Paul. "Domestic Violence among Homosexual Partners." Psychological Reports 93, no. 2 (October 2003): 410–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.93.2.410.

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Is domestic violence more frequent in homosexual partnerships? The 1996 National Household Survey of Drug Abuse, based upon a random sample of 12,381 adults aged 18 to 59 years, estimated that 828,900 men and 828,678 women engaged in homosexuality in the prior 12 months. Random surveys indicated that at any given time, 29% of homosexual men and 32% of homosexual women are in same-sex partnerships. The National Criminal Victimization Survey for 1993 to 1999 reported that 0.24% of married women and 0.035% of married men were victims of domestic violence annually versus 4.6% of the men and 5.8% of the women reporting same-sex partnerships. Domestic violence appears to be more frequently reported in same-sex partnerships than among the married.

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18

Khosroshahi, Zahra. "Growing Up Married." Girlhood Studies 11, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ghs.2018.110309.

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Child marriage affects many young girls and women all over the world, and yet, while the number of cases is extremely alarming, there appears to be hardly any awareness of the subject, never mind public visibility. The consequences of forced marriage are dire with severe psychological, physical, and social impact on girls and women. If we are to raise awareness, the silence surrounding forced child marriage needs to be broken. In her documentary film Growing Up Married (2016), feminist media scholar Eylem Atakav faces the issue head-on. Her film brings to the screen four women from Turkey who were forced into marriage as children; as adults, they recollect their memories, on camera, for the first time. Growing Up Married—a milestone of feminist filmmaking in its celebration of women’s narratives of survival—foregrounds their voices as they tell their stories of having been child brides.

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19

Zahid, Hamna, and Rafia Rafique. "Development of Romantic Jealousy Scale for Married Men and Women." PJPR Vol. 37 No. 4 (2022) 37, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 619–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.37.

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In the present study Romantic Jealousy Scale for married men and women was developed and validated. The items were empirically generated through interviewing seven participants that is married men and women. The scale was administered on a sample (N = 318) of married men and married women between the age range of 21 to 63 years to establish psychometric properties. Reliability of the scale was adequate, and the results of scale factor analysis showed significant KMO value and Bartlett’s test of sphericity significant. Scree plot revealed two factors as these two were seen above the elbow of the plot. To confirm the number of factors, factor analysis was conducted that revealed two factors through Principal Component Analysis, Direct Oblimin Rotation and were labeled as Sexual Jealousy and Emotional Jealousy. The inter-item correlation for subscales revealed that the two factors were significantly correlated with the total score of Romantic Jealousy Scale and 15 items out of original 18 items were retained that contributed significantly theoretically as well as empirically. The development and psychometric properties of the Romantic Jealousy Scale were established and discussed keeping in view the contextual and cultural variation.

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20

Kim, Geumwoon, and Gahyun Youn. "Role of Education in Generativity Differences of Employed and Unemployed Women in Korea." Psychological Reports 91, no. 3_suppl (December 2002): 1205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.91.3f.1205.

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This study investigated generativity differences between employed and unemployed women in Korea and examined the effect of education on generativity. There were 472 participants in this study, 252 employed married women and 220 unemployed married women living in the Kwangju metropolitan area. A questionnaire requesting demographic information and responses to the translated Loyola Generativity Scale was administered individually. Analysis showed significant generativity differences between the two groups, who also differed in education and mother and spouse roles. However, employment status was not a significant predictor for generativity when a stepwise regression analysis was applied. The analysis showed that education was the strongest predictor for generativity, while mother/wife roles, socioeconomic status, health, and childcare stress were also significant predictors. It was concluded that for Korean married women, generativity is more strongly related to education than employment status.

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21

Beer, John. "Depression and Self-Esteem of Teachers." Psychological Reports 60, no. 3_part_2 (June 1987): 1097–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294187060003-215.1.

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The correlation between self-esteem and depression measured on the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory-Adult Form and Beck Depression Inventory for 51 teachers was –-.59. There were no significant differences between men and women and single or married subjects for depression. There was a significant difference between men and women for self-esteem (men scored higher) but none between single or married subjects.

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22

Ahmad, Aminah. "Work-Family Conflict Among Married Professional Women in Malaysia." Journal of Social Psychology 136, no. 5 (October 1996): 663–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1996.9714054.

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23

YOUNG, MICHAEL. "SEXUAL SATISFACTION AMONG MARRIED WOMEN AGE 50 AND OLDER." Psychological Reports 86, no. 3 (2000): 1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.86.3.1107-1122.

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24

Burke, Ronald J. "Workaholism and Divorce." Psychological Reports 86, no. 1 (February 2000): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.86.1.219.

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This study compared workaholism components and workaholic behaviors of managers currently divorced or currently married. Data were collected using anonymous questionnaires from 530 women and men. 44 divorced and 415 still-married managers indicated similar workaholism and workaholic behaviors.

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Inglis, A., and E. R. Greenglass. "Motivation for Marriage among Women and Men." Psychological Reports 65, no. 3 (December 1989): 1035–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.65.3.1035.

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This paper examines sex differences in motivation for marriage and related career/family plans. Never-married women and men indicated their wish to get married as well as the degree of importance they accorded various benefits and drawbacks associated with marriage. Women had significantly stronger motivation for marriage than did men. Both women and men gave similar ratings to the importance of the benefits and drawbacks of marriage. Women, however, accorded greater importance to the benefit “legal security” in marriage and to the drawback “marriage requires a lot of work” than did men. In addition, among correlations for the importance accorded spousal, parental, worker, and self roles and motivation for marriage scores for women, there was a negative correlation between importance of the worker-role and motivation for marriage while for men a positive value was found between these variables. Implications of these results are discussed from a sex-role perspective.

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Howard, April, Stephanie Riger, Rebecca Campbell, and Sharon Wasco. "Counseling Services for Battered Women." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 18, no. 7 (July 2003): 717–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260503253230.

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Approximately 15% of married or cohabiting women and as many as 60% of battered women are raped at least once by their partners. This study compared community-based counseling outcomes of battered women with outcomes of women who were both raped and battered by their partners. Over time, both groups improved in wellbeing and coping. Although those both battered and raped progressed more in counseling, they had lower scores before and after counseling compared to women who were battered only. Implications for research and intervention are discussed.

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27

Safdar, Faiza. "Work-Family Spillover and Family Functioning in Married Working Women." Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research 34, no. 4 (January 21, 2020): 773–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2019.34.4.42.

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The present study aimed to ascertain the relationship between work-family spillover and family functioning in married working women. It was hypothesized that family functioning will be negatively related with negative dimensions of family-to-wok and work-to-family spillover. A positive relationship was assumed between family functioning and positive dimensions of family-to-work and work-to- family spillover in married working women. A sample comprised of 150 married working women with the age range from 25-50 years (M = 37.3, SD = 8.92) from colleges, universities and hospitals was included. General Functioning Scale of Family Assessment Device (Epstein, Baldwin, & Bishop, 1983) and Work Family Spillover (Grzywacz & Marks, 2000) were translated into Urdu language. Results revealed a significant negative relationship of family functioning with negative dimensions of family-to-work and work-to- family spillover while family functioning was positively related with positive dimensions of family-to-work and work-to- family spillover. Family-to-work and work-to-family spillover significantly predicted family functioning. Work-to-family spillover was significantly higher in working women than family-to-work spillover. The results were discussed in the light of previous literature and theoretical and cultural background.

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Jones, Lisa, and Mary Plisco. "The stories of women, by women, married to male ministry leaders." Mental Health, Religion & Culture 24, no. 10 (November 9, 2021): 1037–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2021.1990873.

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Mathes, Eugene W., Clarissa Arms, Alicia Bryant, Jeni Fields, and Aggie Witowski. "Do Men Believe That Physically Attractive Women are More Healthy and Capable of Having Children?" Psychological Reports 96, no. 3_suppl (June 2005): 1002–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.3c.1002-1008.

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The purpose of this research was to test the hypothesis that men view physical attractiveness as an index of a woman's health and her capacity to have children. 21 men and 26 women from an introductory psychology course were shown photographs from 1972 of men and women college students, judged in 2002 to be attractive or unattractive. Subjects were asked to rate the photographed individuals' current health, the probability that they were married, the probability that they had children, and whether they had reproductive problems. The hypothesis was generally supported; the men rated the photographs of attractive women as healthier, more likely to be married, and more likely to have children.

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Lee, Kwang Ja, Chae Chung Um, and Susie Kim. "Multiple Roles of Married Korean Women: Effect on Depression." Sex Roles 51, no. 7/8 (October 2004): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:sers.0000049235.60839.ef.

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31

Kershen, Anne J. "Jewish and Muslim Married Women Don't Work." Home Cultures 8, no. 2 (July 2011): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/175174211x12961586699649.

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32

O’Leary, K. Daniel, Bianca P. Acevedo, Arthur Aron, Leonie Huddy, and Debra Mashek. "Is Long-Term Love More Than A Rare Phenomenon? If So, What Are Its Correlates?" Social Psychological and Personality Science 3, no. 2 (August 5, 2011): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550611417015.

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Some individuals in long-term marriages report intensities of romantic love comparable to individuals newly in love. How common is this? Are correlates of long-term romantic love consistent with theoretical models of love? In a random sample of 274 U.S. married individuals, 40% of those married over 10 years reported being “Very intensely in love.” Importantly, correlates of long-term intense love, as predicted by theory, were thinking positively about the partner and thinking about the partner when apart, affectionate behaviors and sexual intercourse, shared novel and challenging activities, and general life happiness. Wanting to know where the partner is at all times correlated significantly with intense love for men but not women. For women, but not men, passion about nonrelationship factors significantly correlated with intense love. In a random New York (NY) sample of 322 individuals married over 10 years, 29% reported being very intensely in love and our predicted correlates cross validated.

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Chernyak-Hai, Lily, Se-Kang Kim, and Aharon Tziner. "Relationships Between Workplace Deviance Interacted With Gender and Marital Status: The Correspondence Analysis Approach." Psychological Reports 122, no. 4 (June 18, 2018): 1494–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294118783500.

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This exploratory study employed correspondence analysis to examine how employees’ gender and marital status might affect levels of interpersonal and organizational deviant workplace behaviors in the workplace. The subjects were 122 employees from a large electricity supplier company in Israel. Four levels of deviant behaviors relating to interpersonal and organizational deviance behaviors were generated according to their “typicality” as follows: (1) “untypical” (z-score less than −1.00), (2) “somewhat untypical” (−1.00–0), (3) “somewhat typical” (0–1.00), and (4) “typical” (larger than 1.00). We assessed the marital status categories by gender: unmarried males and females, divorced males and females, and males and females who were married. Results indicated that married men and divorced women exhibited mostly typical types of deviance. Both married and divorced men reported untypical deviance for both types of deviant behaviors. Married women only reported somewhat untypical deviance for both types of deviant behaviors. Accordingly, we suggest that psychological stressors, as well as cultural and societal expectations, may account for the obtained differences. Yet, future research is needed to shed light on underlying mechanisms.

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Dr. Gajendra Dutt Sharma. "Delineation of Male Characters and Sensibilities in the Novels of Manju Kapur: A Critical Analysis." Creative Launcher 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2022.7.1.09.

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The research article aims to analyse the delineation of male characters in the novels of Manju Kapur. It tries to highlight the image of male characters from the perspective of a woman writer, who happens to be a feminist. In contemporary Indian English fiction dominated by women writers the primary focus is on the representation of women characters and addressing their sensibilities, their plight and place in patriarchal setting. As such, the male characters have been presented either with less vigour or as typical chauvinistic individual, responsible for the ordeals of women in society. In very few novels by women novelists in modern scenario do we find the sympathetic treatment given to the male characters. Considering this aspect of modern Indo-Anglian fiction, the article endeavours to examine the portrayal of male characters in women centric novels, by a woman writer. The qualitative method has been used to deduce how much and how sympathetic treatment has been given to the male characters by the novelist. In order to analyse the representation of men, Manju Kapoor's Difficult Daughters (1998), A Married Woman (2003), Home (2006), and The Immigrant (2008) have been brought under study. A comparison between the representation of men in the novels by men writers and that in the novels by women writers has been taken into consideration in order to draw an objective and unbiased conclusion.

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35

Schumm, Walter R., Stephan R. Bollman, and Anthony P. Jurich. "Gender and Marital Satisfaction: A Replication Using a Seven-Point Item Response Version of the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale." Psychological Reports 81, no. 3 (December 1997): 1004–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.81.3.1004.

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In a subsample of married individuals, 97 married men and 154 married women, who had participated in a larger study of retention of church members, an effect size of 0.28 was found between gender and marital satisfaction as measured by the standard 21-point, three-item Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. The results are consistent with previous reports of a gender effect associated with marital satisfaction, including an analysis of another subsample of the same larger study in which a 15-point version of the scale was used.

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De Mojà, Carmelo A. "Jealousy in South-Italian Married Couples." Psychological Reports 62, no. 2 (April 1988): 677–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.62.2.677.

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The author analyzed associations of jealousy with demographic variables for 144 South-Italians. Hansen's hypothetical jealousy-producing events, modified into a bivalent form, were submitted to both partners of 72 married couples. High jealousy of couples having no children and living in the country was noted. Men were more jealous than women. Involvement with hobbies and weekly meetings with friends produced less jealousy than friendship with the opposite sex. No differences resulted between subjects of differing ages and lengths of marriage

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Stephenson-Cino, Patricia, Meir Steiner, Lester Krames, Ellen Bouchard Ryan, and Gail Huxley. "Depression in Elderly Persons and its Correlates in Family Practice: A Canadian Study." Psychological Reports 70, no. 2 (April 1992): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.2.359.

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Depression was studied in a Canadian community sample of 582 men and 906 women over the age of 65 years. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) provided the measure of depressive symptomatology. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule was used to confirm clinical diagnosis. A total of 8% of the sample (4.3% of men and 10.4% of women) were at or above the cut-off point of 16 on the Depression Scale. Significant Pearson correlations with depression were found for gender and education. The married and never married persons showed low depression while the widowed, separated, or divorced appeared to be at high risk. The relationship of marital status to depression is primarily a woman's issue as most elderly men are married. This finding may have implications for policy and program planning for this population.

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Shukla, Archana, Tripti Sarna, and Ritu Nigam. "Work Attitudes of Employed Men and Women Who are Married." Psychological Reports 64, no. 3 (June 1989): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.3.711.

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Possible sex-related differences in work values, job perception, and job satisfaction of 100 male and 100 female respondents were examined. The analysis identified several similarities and a few differences in work attitudes between the sexes. Social implications of the findings are discussed.

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Younis, Ihab, Sherine H. Abdelrahman, Amany Ibrahim, Samar Hasan, and Taymour Mostafa. "Sex dreams in married women: Prevalence, frequency, content, and drives." Dreaming 27, no. 3 (September 2017): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/drm0000058.

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Uebelacker, Lisa A., and Mark A. Whisman. "Relationship Beliefs, Attributions, and Partner Behaviors Among Depressed Married Women." Cognitive Therapy and Research 29, no. 2 (April 2005): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-005-3161-6.

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Twenge, Jean M. "“Mrs. His Name”: Women's Preferences For Married Names." Psychology of Women Quarterly 21, no. 3 (September 1997): 417–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00122.x.

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Psychologists have long acknowledged the link between names and identity, but little research has studied women's choices about their married names. This study examines the descriptive characteristics of women who plan different choices and women's reasoning behind their choices in a sample of undergraduate women. Women who wish to keep or hyphenate their names have more feminist attitudes, score higher on instrumentality/agency, and are more likely to be immigrants and/or women of color. Content coding of open-ended responses on reasons for name choices showed those who want their husbands' names for themselves and their children most often cited tradition, a denial that names were linked with identity, and union within marriage. Women who want to keep or hyphenate their names mentioned the link between names and identity, professional reasons, and also union within marriage. The two groups often used similar language to explain different choices.

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Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Shreejana Gnawali, and In Han Song. "Factors Associated With Intimate Partner Violence Against Married Women in Nepal." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 30, no. 7 (July 20, 2014): 1226–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260514539845.

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Juni, Samuel, and Donald W. Grimm. "Marital Satisfaction and Sex-Roles in a New York Metropolitan Sample." Psychological Reports 73, no. 1 (August 1993): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.73.1.307.

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145 married men and 143 married women completed Snyder's 1981 Marital Satisfaction Inventory and the Bern Sex-role Inventory (Short Version). Analyses showed that scores on femininity correlated with more marital satisfaction indices than did scores on masculinity. Masculinity correlated with more marital satisfaction indices for men than for women. Finances showed no relationship with the Bern indices. All of the statistically significant correlations were negative, indicating that sex-role attributes are associated with diminished marital dissatisfaction. Despite the low magnitude of the correlations, their statistical significance points to congruence between sex-roles and marital satisfaction.

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Sedziafa, Alice Pearl, Eric Y. Tenkorang, and Adobea Y. Owusu. "Kinship and Intimate Partner Violence Against Married Women in Ghana: A Qualitative Exploration." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, no. 14 (January 10, 2016): 2197–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515624213.

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In African societies, kinship ties determine how women are socialized, their access to power and wealth, as well as custody of children, often considered important factors in married women’s experience of intimate partner violence (IPV). Yet studies that examine how kinship norms influence IPV are scant. Using in-depth interviews collected from women identifying with both matrilineal and patrilineal descent systems, we explored differences in Ghanaian women’s experiences of IPV in both kin groups. Results show that while IPV occurs across matrilineal and patrilineal societies, all women in patrilineal societies narrated continuous pattern of emotional, physical, and sexual assault, and their retaliation to any type of violence almost always culminated in more experience of violent attacks and abandonment. In matrilineal societies, however, more than half of the women recounted frequent experiences of emotional violence, and physical violence occurred as isolated events resulting from common couple disagreements. Sexual violence against matrilineal women occurred as consented but unwanted sexual acts, but patrilineal women narrated experiencing violent emotional and physical attack with aggressive unconsented sexual intercourse. Contextualizing these findings within existing literature on IPV against women suggests that policies aimed at addressing widespread IPV in Ghanaian communities should appreciate the dynamics of kinship norms.

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Romans-Clarkson, S. E., V. A. Walton, G. P. Herbison, and P. E. Mullen. "Marriage, motherhood and psychiatric morbidity in New Zealand." Psychological Medicine 18, no. 4 (November 1988): 983–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700009909.

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SynopsisThe prevalence of psychiatric disorder, as assessed by both the GHQ-28 and the short PSE, is described for a random community sample of New Zealand women. In contrast to previous studies, married and widowed women and mothers showed lower rates than the never married and childless women. A plausible explanation is provided by available analysis of New Zealand gender roles. Such an explanation would reconfirm the importance of socio-cultural factors in community psychiatric disorder.

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Munsch, Christin L., and Shardé M. Davis. "Marital Status, Gender, and Race in The U.S.: Perceptions of Middle-Aged Men and Women." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 52, no. 4 (January 1, 2022): 596–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.52.4.04.

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A handful of studies conducted in the 1980s and 1990s find that undergraduate students perceive unmarried people less favorably than married people. The present research describes two experimental studies that revisit and extend this work by examining the extent to which perceptions of singles depend on marital history, gender, and race, both of which employ a more diverse sample of Americans via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Black Americans are less likely to marry, more likely to divorce, and less likely to remarry than their White counterparts; Black women are less likely to marry than Black men; and Black women contend with nuanced stereotypes that portray them as strong, independent, and self-sufficient. These differences suggest race may shape beliefs about singles, and that racialized differences may be gendered. In Study 1, respondents rated a married or never married man or woman across a range of characteristics. In Study 2, respondents rated a White man, White woman, Black man, or Black woman who was either married, never married, or divorced. Across both studies, regression models indicate singles were evaluated more negatively than married people. Moreover, divorced Black women were perceived more positively on several measures compared to divorced members of other groups. For the most part, however, the magnitude of the singlism effect did not vary by marital history (never married or divorced), gender, or race. We note that null findings regarding gender and race are often relegated to the file drawer, but that this practice distorts the results of systematic reviews and perpetuates the misconception that groups of people (e.g., men and women, Blacks and Whites) are vastly different from one another, a belief that undergirds and justifies inequality.

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Samuelsson, Gillis, and Ove Dehlin. "Family Network and Mortality: Survival Chances through the Lifespan of an Entire Age Cohort." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 37, no. 4 (December 1993): 277–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/frrh-ur9d-3ff9-udxp.

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This study relates certain family network variables (marital status and number of children) to chances of survival. Through multivariate analysis, survival is also related to social class, social mobility, migration and local environment, and legitimacy of birth. All persons in a local birth cohort born in the years 1902 and 1903 were followed in population records from birth until eighty years of age. The group comprised 487 individuals with a dropout rate of 4 percent. Univariate survival analysis between twenty to eighty years of age showed widows and also divorced women to have a significantly higher survival than those still married and never married. Never married men and women had the lowest survival rates. The number of children was not associated with survival for neither men nor women when controlled for marital status. Multiple regression survival analysis showed different patterns for males and females. The risk of not surviving to eighty years of age for men resulted from a combination of being single, downward social mobility, a father in the manual working class group and few children, with being single as the strongest predictor. For women the strongest predictor for death before eighty was the category single and/or married (as opposed to earlier married). The combination of being single/married, high migration, earlier life mainly in rural areas, and having few children were predictors in the model of death before eighty. Thus, for both men and women marital status was the strongest predictor for survival but in different ways.

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Kowalski, Robin M., and Tracy Chapple. "The Social Stigma of Menstruation: Fact or Fiction?" Psychology of Women Quarterly 24, no. 1 (March 2000): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2000.tb01023.x.

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In a study examining the effects of a social stigma on impression management concerns, 28 menstruating and 30 nonmenstruating women were interviewed by a male confederate who either was or was not aware of their menstrual condition. Relative to menstruating women who thought the interviewer was unaware of their menstrual condition, menstruating women who believed that the interviewer knew they were menstruating perceived that the interviewer liked them less, yet were less motivated to make an impression on him. Nonmenstruating women reported more self-presentational motivation and perceived that the interviewer viewed them more positively than he did the menstruating women. These results suggest that the interviewer's knowledge of their menstrual condition inhibited menstruating women's self-presentational motivation. Implications of this social stigma for interpersonal relationships are discussed.

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O'Hare, Patricia A., and Marié P. Wissing. "The Psychosocial Implications of Mastectomy for Married Women and Their Spouses." South African Journal of Psychology 18, no. 4 (December 1988): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124638801800402.

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Women's breasts have symbolic and psychological significance beyond their functional value, therefore mastectomy may have negative psychosocial consequences in the marital situation. This study explored the psychosocial experience of 28 white females (mean age 50 years), who had undergone mastectomy in comparison with a group of 19 women who had had benign breast tumors removed. The experience of the spouses of both groups were also explored. Data were obtained by means of the Tennessee Self-concept Scale, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale and a supplementary questionnaire. Results did not entirely justify the pessimism regarding psychosocial morbidity following mastectomy. However, mastectomees revealed a strong tendency to be more defensive than the women in the comparison group. This tendency may have shielded them from both recognition and acceptance of problem areas, and may be revealing of the way they cope psychologically with the ambiguous situation of a procedure that is disfiguring on the one hand, but life saving on the other. Peri-menopausal women appear to be especially vulnerable to deleterious psychosocial sequelae post-mastectomy. Fifty per cent of the women and 44% of the men in the mastectomy group compared with 58% of the women and 11% of the men in the biopsy group, indicated a need for counselling.

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Giesen, Carol Boellhoff. "Aging and Attractiveness: Marriage Makes a Difference." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 29, no. 2 (September 1989): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/84br-wxbn-29f1-lf0j.

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In order to explore women's agreement with the double standard of aging, thirty-two women ranging in age from twenty-eight to sixty-three were asked to share their definitions of attractiveness, femininity, and sexual appeal. They were then asked if they had changed these definitions over time and if they perceived themselves as growing more or less attractive, feminine, and sexually appealing as they grew older. The findings showed that attractiveness was defined primarily by appearance, femininity by behavior and inferred traits, and sexual appeal by both. More single than married women had changed definitions of these terms, and more single women perceived themselves as having grown more attractive, feminine, and sexually appealing as they grew older. Age differences in these evaluations were found among the group of married women, but few age differences were found among single women. The findings suggest there may be qualitatively differing experiences between single and married women that are reflected in their evaluations of attractiveness and sexual appeal.

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