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1
Salas, Xavier Motilla, and Sara González Gómez. "RESEARCH AND TEACHING WITH PHOTOGRAPHS: HISTORICAL AND EDUCATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHY RESOURCES IN ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINES (MAJORCA, SPAIN, 1902-1936)." História da Educação 22, no. 56 (December 2018): 38–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-3459/79878.
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Abstract The origins of the illustrated press on the island of Majorca (Spain) date to the last two decades of the 19th century when visual records received a major push thanks to the consolidation of new graphic printing techniques, favouring more illustration and photography in the local press - an aspect that further strengthened in the early 20th century in news magazines. Subsequently, and running parallel to the development of international print media, photography was introduced into different media publications in Majorca, often adopting the term 'illustrated magazine'. And the news reports in these general or specialised illustrated publications are precisely where we come across different photographic and/or photojournalism reports on schools and education in general in Majorca, as well as illustrated advertising for education establishments. This article will offer an approach and analysis of the photographic resources contained in the different illustrated magazines on the island from the first three decades of the 20th century. We will also look at the image of schools from the period and the out-of-school education they provided, as well as the possible potential and uses the images represent for didactics in the history of education field.
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Berco, Cristian. "Syphilis, Sex, and Marriage in Early Modern Spain." Journal of Early Modern History 15, no. 3 (2011): 223–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006511x565521.
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AbstractAlthough scholarship on the early modern syphilis epidemic has greatly increased our understanding of the medical, institutional, and individual responses to this illness, little is known about patients’ familial and personal lives beyond the hospital walls. Examining patients treated at Toledo’s Hospital de Santiago in the mid-seventeenth century, this article analyzes their attitudes towards sexuality and marriage as they lived with chronic venereal disease. Produced in a post-Tridentine context that ideally emphasized individual control of sexual sin, the hospital and notarial records patients left behind reveal ambivalence towards sexuality and marriage. Not only did competing messages on sexuality affect patients who displayed expressive sexual lives under specific circumstances, but only those who engaged communal networks, socioeconomic position, and medical assumptions on sexuality and disease successfully managed to marry.
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D’Avenia, Fabrizio. "From Spain to Sicily after the Expulsion: Conversos between Economic Networks and the Aristocratic Elite." Journal of Early Modern History 22, no. 6 (December 12, 2018): 421–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342594.
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Abstract This article focuses on a group of conversos families from Spain, who established themselves in Palermo after the Expulsion of the Jews in 1492. There they supported financial activities of the Nazione Catalana and established strong relationships with the local aristocracy. Thanks to this alliance, they managed to avoid persecution by the Spanish Inquisition, “cleanse” their “impure” blood and reach high positions within politics and society: feudal titles, political and financial offices, habits of military orders, ecclesiastical appointments and sometimes even sainthood. Firstly, the paper will give a brief sketch of the phenomenon of conversos in Sicily as well as the activities of the Spanish Inquisition before and after the expulsion of 1492. A significant case study will then be presented, focusing on the Torongi family (New Christians from Majorca settled in Palermo) and its network of relationships in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
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Trofimets, I. A. "Genesis of marriage law in Spain." Lex Russica, no. 3 (April 5, 2019): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.148.3.124-133.
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The study of the institution of marriage in the foreign legal order makes it possible not only to see the identity and historical succession, but also to find out whether the provisions on marriage have common features that characterize it as the highest value, and how permissible foreign borrowing in the formation of its own legal system without prejudice to its uniqueness and individuality. The use of foreign experience reveals a lot of issues and conflicts that need to be resolved in relation to national law. An obligatory component is the study of the heritage of the past, the so-called legislative retrospective, which contributes to the knowledge of legal culture. For the first time in domestic science there is an attempt to periodize the institution of marriage in Spain, depending on the type of social regulator: customs, canonical rules, rules of law (own and borrowed). The periodization of the Spanish marriage law is presented and the main features of its formation are shown: the application of the customs of the peoples inhabiting the territory of Spain; the reception of Roman private law; the influence of Canon law; the appearance of foreign influence. The whole history of marriage law is divided into 5 periods: customary law (the first period), the rule of canon law (second period), systematic legislation on marriage (the third period), harmonization of secular marriage legislation with the provisions of canon law (the fourth period), contemporary law (fifth period). Separately, in the settlement of relations between the sexes, a pre-legal period is allocated. Of course, each period is characterized by a variety of rules of marriage law, which is explained by the evolution of social relations and the development of the legal institution of marriage. The consistent influence of universal values on the formation of legal provisions of marriage is shown. As the marriage law is formed, rules are formed that determine the conditions and order of its conclusion. The enduring value of the family organization of the way of life of people and the family form of management determines the preservation of this social institution throughout the period of human history, although in a constantly changing form.
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Garcimartín, Carmen. "Marriage Regulation in Spain. Current Situation and Challenges." Journal of the University of Latvia. Law 14 (2021): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/jull.14.01.
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Marriage has changed profoundly during years. The current definition of marriage in Spanish law has abandoned the pattern of a stable union of a man and a woman aimed to raise the next generation. Several problems arise from this departure; the most important ones are figuring out which are the constitutive elements of marriage according to the laws in force, and trying to build a consistent regulation of this relationship. The article includes a general overview of the history and the current regulation of marriage, and subsequently explores the main challenges to the regulation of marriage in the near future.
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Salas-Vives, Pere, and Joana-Maria Pujadas-Mora. "Cordons Sanitaires and the Rationalisation Process in Southern Europe (Nineteenth-Century Majorca)." Medical History 62, no. 3 (June 11, 2018): 314–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2018.25.
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Never before the nineteenth century had Europeans, especially in the south, adopted cordons sanitaires in such great numbers or at such a fast rate. This article aims to analyse the process of the rationalisation and militarisation of the cordons sanitaires imposed in the fight against epidemics during the nineteenth century on the Mediterranean island of Majorca (Spain). These cordons should be understood as a declaration of war by the authorities on emerging epidemics. Epidemics could generate sudden and intolerably high rises in mortality that the new liberal citizenship found unacceptable. Toleration of this type of measure was the result of a general consensus, with hardly any opposition, which not only obtained the support of scientists (especially in the field of medicine) but also of most of the local and provincial political elite, and even of the population at large.
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Zaballa Beascoechea, Ana de. "Indian Marriage Before and After the Council of Trent: From pre-Hispanic Marriage to Christian Marriage in New Spain." Rechtsgeschichte - Legal History 2019, no. 27 (2019): 090–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.12946/rg27/090-104.
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Beascoechea, Ana de Zaballa. "Promises and Deceits” Marriage among Indians in New Spain in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries." Americas 73, no. 1 (January 2016): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2016.4.
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Even a brief look into the historiography on Indian marriage in New Spain will reveal how infrequently scholars have devoted themselves to this topic. On the one hand, there are texts written from the perspective of canon law, such as those by Federico Aznar Gil, Paulino Castañeda, Daisy Rípodas Ardanaz, and Guillermo Floris Margadant, but these authors address canonical development in Spain as well as Spanish America and use mainly references from councils and synods, especially pastoral sources. On the other hand, there are anthropological studies, such as those of David Robichaux, Danièle Dehouve, Pierre Ragon, and Serge Gruzinski that compare pre-Hispanic marriage to Christian marriage.
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Garcia-Pereiro, Thais, and Carmine Clemente. "The Changing Socioeconomic Gradient of First Union Formation Across Generations in Spain." Revista Española de Sociología 31, no. 2 (March 29, 2022): a107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22325/fes/res.2022.107.
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This paper addresses the relationship between socioeconomic conditions and first union formation in Spain by analyzing the influence of educational attainment and employment history on the transition to non-marital cohabitation and direct marriage, highlighting inter-generational and gender-specific trends over time. To this end, this contribution approaches a longitudinal gender perspective which applies an event-history-analysis competing-risk setting to data of the last available Fertility Survey (FS) conducted by the Spanish National Institute of Statistics in 2018. Results show that, among women, the positive educational gradient of first cohabitation reversed, while the negative educational gradient for marriage intensified across generations. Regarding the economic gradient remained stable across generations for marriage entries and is still central for entering cohabitation, even if is less relevant for women in the youngest birth cohorts. For men, the influence of having achieved tertiary education lose its strength over time with each successive generation, while the effect of employment history on both cohabitation and marriage has diminished for successive birth cohorts.
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García-Fernández, Mónica. "From National Catholicism to Romantic Love: The Politics of Love and Divorce in Franco's Spain." Contemporary European History 31, no. 1 (November 10, 2021): 2–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777321000515.
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In the early 1970s, when the Franco dictatorship (1939–75) was coming to an end, some Catholic intellectuals began to defend people's right to end their failed marriages and seek happiness with a new partner. In so doing, they recognised that love was the primary purpose of marriage; if it was absent the union ceased to be valid. These intellectuals thus broke with a discourse that had until then been deep-seated in both Catholic theology and Francoist morals and laws. According to these, love was only a secondary end of marriage and the conjugal union was indissoluble, leaving people no choice but to tolerate it if it was an unhappy one.
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Clément, François. "REVERTER ET SON FILS, DEUX OFFICIERS CATALANS AU SERVICE DES SULTANS DE MARRAKECH." Medieval Encounters 9, no. 1 (2003): 79–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006703322576547.
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AbstractSome individuals who decided or had to move from Christian Spain to Muslim Maghrib during the Middle Ages succeeded in having a second start in their new country, whether they converted to Islam or not. As most of these men were soldiers, this study recalls first how Moroccan sovereigns got into the habit of recruiting Christian militia as a kind of personal bodyguard, then it focuses on the careers of Reverter and his son 'Alī. The former was a senior officer of Catalan origin, and he reached a high rank in the Almoravid army, although preserving his Christian faith. The latter, who converted to Islam, loyally served under the Almohad sultan, while never forgetting his roots, as it would seem from his attitude towards the Christian renegades and captives he cooperated with during a mission in Majorca.
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PURSELL, BRENNAN C. "THE END OF THE SPANISH MATCH." Historical Journal 45, no. 4 (December 2002): 699–726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x02002649.
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This article suggests an alternative explanation for the failure of the so-called Spanish match in 1623. The Spanish monarchy was not unanimously against the marriage of the Infanta María to Prince Charles, and the marquis (later duke) of Buckingham was not the brilliant negotiator who was able to expose elaborate attempts by the Spanish to hide their alleged mendacity. Analysis of archival materials from England, Spain, and Germany indicates that Charles decided to abandon the match when he realized that it would not guarantee the restoration of his dispossessed brother-in-law, Elector Palatine Friedrich V, who had done everything in his power to prevent the marriage. When Charles signed the treaty anyway, the Spanish then began to make preparations for the wedding, preferring to postpone serious discussion of a solution to the Palatine crisis indefinitely. For Charles, however, the two issues were inseparable. For him the match was as important for securing the restitution of the Palatinate as for designating his future royal spouse. When he left Spain, he had already devised and initiated a plan to dissolve the match. In many ways both sides were equally guilty of delay, dissimulation, and deception.
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Jordana, Xavier, and Meike Köhler. "Enamel microstructure in the fossil bovid Myotragus balearicus (Majorca, Spain): Implications for life-history evolution of dwarf mammals in insular ecosystems." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 300, no. 1-4 (February 2011): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.12.008.
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Dyer, Abigail. "Seduction by Promise of Marriage: Law, Sex, and Culture in Seventeenth-Century Spain." Sixteenth Century Journal 34, no. 2 (July 1, 2003): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20061417.
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Poska, A. M. "When Love Goes Wrong: Getting Out of Marriage in Seventeenth-Century Spain." Journal of Social History 29, no. 4 (June 1, 1996): 871–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh/29.4.871.
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Eyal, Hillel. "Going Local and Global: Internal and Transatlantic Migration in Eighteenth-Century Spain." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 52, no. 2 (2021): 197–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01697.
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Abstract Evidence from eighteenth-century marriage applications in Mexico City and Cadiz reveals that migration from Spain to the New World was primarily an extension of domestic movements from rural to urban areas, not the direct result of transatlantic networks. The migratory dynamism that pervaded Spanish society fueled Spain’s fledgling urbanization in the era of commercial capitalism, as peasants increasingly moved to towns and cities, especially to Cadiz. Many of these internal migrants subsequently used the social capital and other resources that they had accumulated in Cadiz and elsewhere on the Iberian Peninsula to facilitate migration to the New World.
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Chandler, D. S. "The Montepíos and Regulation of Marriage in the Mexican Bureaucracy, 1770-1821." Americas 43, no. 1 (July 1986): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007118.
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The Spanish Crown established montepíos throughout the Empire after 1763, first in Spain and then in the overseas possessions. These agencies provided an excellent vehicle for shaping and implementing royal marriage policy in America. The institutions functioned as monitoring units and also provided penalties and incentives motivating bureaucrats to conform to the king's will when contemplating marriage. The montes became a central part of the process through which the king attempted to regulate his servants' marriages.The king intended these agencies, funded by a combination of royal and membership contributions, to provide modest pensions for survivors of deceased officials. In Madrid, Mexico City, and Lima, the Crown founded autonomous institutions known as Montepíos de Ministros for senior officials and Montepíos de Oficinas for subordinates. Lesser capitals received only one office for all ranks. All the montepíos, however, were important not only as sources of pensions but also as a means of enhancing royal control over marriage in the bureaucracy.
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Corrigan, Alexander. "Alexander Samson, Mary and Philip: The Marriage of Tudor England and Habsburg Spain." Innes Review 72, no. 1 (May 2021): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/inr.2021.0287.
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Saether, Steinar A. "Bourbon Absolutism and Marriage Reform in Late Colonial Spanish America." Americas 59, no. 4 (April 2003): 475–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2003.0056.
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The study of marriageways in colonial Latin America has altered and deepened our understanding of the societies and cultures within the Spanish and Portuguese empires of the New World. During the last thirty or forty years a series of studies have explored the complex and varied patterns of marriage and family formation in colonial Latin America. Inspired by the work of Peter Laslett, Lawrence Stone and Louis Flandrin among others, historians of the region have produced a rich historical literature on the demographic, social and cultural aspects of colonial marriageways. Most studies have focused on the late colonial period, and the years after 1778 when the Pragmática sanción de matrimonios (first issued in Spain in 1776) was extended to Spanish America. One effect of the new law was an astonishing outpouring of reports, questions, lawsuits and regulations concerning marriage, which in turn have been seized upon by historians to reconstruct important aspects of late colonial Latin American societies. Despite the frequent use of these sources, the legislation itself has received little serious attention, and several basic misunderstandings prevail regarding its background and meaning. As a consequence, the political implications of marriage have been poorly understood.
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Agüero Carnerero, Cristina. "Diplomacy and Noble Culture: the 10 th Admiral of Castile and the Extraordinary Embassy of the Duke of Gramont in Madrid." Culture & History Digital Journal 11, no. 1 (June 21, 2022): e005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2022.005.
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The marriage of Louis XIV of France and Maria Theresa of Spain sanctioned the end of the Franco-Spanish war (1635-1659). The terms of the peace treaty and the marriage agreement were the result of a long negotiation which conclude with the extraordinary embassy sent to Madrid, led by Antoine III Gramont, marshal of France and duke of Gramont. In this article, we examine different aspects of the entry, reception and regalement of the French embassy at the court of Philip IV. For this purpose, we have considered an extensive corpus of textual sources (accounts, diaries, memories, poetical compositions and archival documents) that supply information about those events. We have focused our attention on the role played by the nobility -in particular, by Juan Gaspar Enríquez de Cabrera, 10th Admiral of Castile-, considering at the same time the relevant function of the material culture in early modern diplomacy.
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Turnbull, Emma C. "Defending the Spanish Match in early Stuart England." Historical Research 93, no. 262 (November 1, 2020): 638–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htaa028.
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Abstract This article broadens our understanding of the Spanish Match crisis of the early 1620s by analysing pro-marriage contributions to the public debate. It argues that anti-popery was a key feature of the language of pro-match literature, but that, crucially, supporters of the match dissociated Spain from the wider threat of popish tyranny. The article provides a detailed, contextualized reading of three pamphlets. It considers the complex ways that religious and political views interacted to form subtle anti-papal rhetorical strategies, which challenged the dominant anti-papal narrative aligning Spain with Rome. It thus significantly adds to the literature on early Stuart anti-popery.
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Robison, William B. "The National and Local Significance of Wyatt's Rebellion in Surrey." Historical Journal 30, no. 4 (December 1987): 769–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00022317.
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Though much has been written about Wyatt's rebellion, it remains controversial. There is, first of all, lively debate about the rebels' motives in rising against Mary Tudor in January and February 1554. It is generally agreed that some rebels wished only to force changes in royal policy, while others sought to replace the queen with her sister Elizabeth and Edward Courtenay, the earl of Devon. But, while D. M. Loades and his adherents contend that the rising was caused almost entirely by opposition to Mary's proposed marriage to Prince Philip of Spain, others argue – to varying degrees – that religion was significant and that many rebels were protestants seeking to thwart a catholic restoration.
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Sperling, Jutta. "Marriage at the Time of the Council of Trent (1560-70): Clandestine Marriages, Kinship Prohibitions, and Dowry Exchange in European Comparison." Journal of Early Modern History 8, no. 1 (2004): 67–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570065041268951.
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AbstractA close analysis of marital dispensations granted by the Holy Penitentiary shows that so-called clandestine marriages were widespread all over Catholic Europe before the Council of Trent. Only in Italy and perhaps in France were domestic partnerships rare, while they were very common in Portugal and Spain. This essay argues that the popularity of the dowry system in Italy made it difficult for women to choose their partners without parental consent. On the Iberian Peninsula, where forms of joint ownership in marriage and equal inheritance were predominant, free-choice marriages were widespread. The lively debates preceding the abolition of clandestine marriages at the Council of Trent show how divided the church was on this issue. While parental consent was not made mandatory for a marriage to be valid at Trent, post-Tridentine church administrators promoted parental involvement by acknowledging dowry exchange as a vital component of social reproduction. After Trent, applicants had to specify a reason for their intended violation of kinship prohibitions; the most often quoted obstacle to an exogamous union was the bride's lack of a competitive dowry. This change in rhetoric suggests that after Trent, the Penitentiary promoted dowry exchange as a proven means to facilitate arranged marriages among "strangers," while at the same time acknowledging problems with this mode of social reproduction. As an alternative to dotal marriages, the bureau of marital dispensations offered easy exemptions from kinship prohibitions at exponentially increased rates, promoting "cousin" marriages in lieu of exogamous unions. In promoting endogamy and/or dowry exchange, the post-Tridentine church promoted two varieties of marriage behavior indiscriminately which in the past had not only been seen as mutually exclusive, but also as diametrically opposed to the ideals of the Catholic church. Ironically, after Trent marriage had become less rather than more stable, since ecclesiastic courts were now more likely to separate badly married couples than unite them.
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Brucker, Gene A. "“The Horseshoe Nail”: Structure and Contingency in Medieval and Renaissance Italy." Renaissance Quarterly 54, no. 1 (2001): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1262218.
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This essay considers the role of contingency in the history of late medieval and Renaissance Italy. Were there any events — a birth, marriage, or death; a battle; a natural catastrophe — that might have changed decisively the trajectory of Italian history? The Roman papacy is one institution whose history, replete with contingent events (1305, 1378, 1418, 1527) had a profound impact on Italian experience. The foreign invasions of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries were the product of a cluster of historical accidents in France and Spain, which combined to create the most significant development in the early modern history of Italy.
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Clark, Gregory T. "The Huntington Library Hours of Isabella of Portugal, Simon Bening, and the Confection of a Manuscript for an Iberian Empress in the First Half of the Sixteenth Century." Quaerendo 52, no. 3 (September 23, 2022): 198–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700690-20221144.
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Abstract When, where, and by whom was Isabella of Portugal’s Huntington Library Hours (HM.1162) written and decorated? The author proposes here that the body of the manuscript, written in Toledo, and 15 small miniatures painted in the 1510s by Simon Bening of Bruges were sent to the southern Netherlands. There associates of the Morgan 491 Master provided the Bening illuminations with decorative enframements and accompanying devotional texts; two new half-page miniatures were also painted. All of that handiwork was then integrated into the manuscript before its dispatch back to Spain shortly before Isabella’s marriage to the emperor Charles V in 1526.
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Schwaller, Robert C. "The Spiritual Conquest of Marriage: How the Holy Office and Council of Trent Attempted to Reform the Laity of New Spain." Rechtsgeschichte - Legal History 2019, no. 27 (2019): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12946/rg27/123-130.
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Loupe, Leleua. "Colonial Intimacies: Interethnic Kinship, Sexuality, and Marriage in Southern California, 1769–1885. Before Gold: California under Spain and Mexico Series. By Erika Pérez." Western Historical Quarterly 50, no. 1 (October 27, 2018): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/whq/why123.
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ALFONSO-SÁNCHEZ, MIGUEL A., JOSÉ A. PEÑA, and ROSARIO CALDERÓN. "TIME TRENDS AND DETERMINANTS OF COMPLETED FAMILY SIZE IN A RURAL COMMUNITY FROM THE BASQUE AREA OF SPAIN (1800–1969)." Journal of Biosocial Science 35, no. 4 (October 2003): 481–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193200300587x.
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The focus of this work is the analysis of changes in completed family size and possible determinants of that size over time, in an attempt to characterize the evolution of reproductive patterns during the demographic transition. With this purpose in mind, time trends are studied in relation to the mean number of live births per family (as an indirect measure of fertility), using family reconstitution techniques to trace the reproductive history of each married woman. The population surveyed is a Spanish rural community called Lanciego, located at the southern end of the province of Alava (Basque Country). A total of 24,510 parish records of baptisms, marriages and burials made between 1800 and 1969 were examined to obtain the demographic data set. For each reconstituted family, the variables included in the study were the number of live births per family or family size (FAMS), year of marriage (YEAR), age at marriage of both partners (AMAN, AWOM), wife’s age at the end of marriage (WEND), duration of marriage (MARD), age at first maternity (A1CH), length of reproductive span (REPS) and number of children dying before their first anniversary (MINF). Through a principal component analysis, three factors were found that explained more than 75% of the total variance. Association of variables in factors I and III was particularly useful in characterizing the variability of mean family size in pre-transitional, transitional and post-transitional cohorts. During demographic transition, a decreasing trend is observed in the variables FAMS, REPS and MINF, while variables AWOM, AMAN, WEND and A1CH show a tendency to increase over the 20th century. Results obtained by multiple regression analysis confirm that the best predictors of family size (dependent variable) were REPS and MINF, which between them explained over 85% of the total variation in FAMS (R2=0·853). In Lanciego, birth control seems to be present on the evidence of an increase in age at first maternity and a decrease in age at last parturition, indicating that the beginning of the reproductive span is delayed and its end is brought forward. Interaction between family size and infant mortality is discussed in the light of various hypotheses, including replacement of descendants, the so-called biological effect and the theory of r and k selection.
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Platero, Raquel. "Outstanding challenges in a post-equality era: The same-sex marriage and gender identity laws in Spain." International Journal of Iberian Studies 21, no. 1 (June 2, 2008): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijis.21.1.41_3.
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Schutte, Valerie. "Samson, Mary and Philip: The Marriage of Tudor England and Habsburg Spain (Manchester University Press, 2020)." Royal Studies Journal 7, no. 2 (December 14, 2020): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.21039/rsj.279.
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Espín-Sánchez, José-Antonio, Salvador Gil-Guirado, and Chris Vickers. "La “Doña” è Mobile: The Role of Women in Social Mobility in a Pre-Modern Economy." Journal of Economic History 82, no. 1 (February 21, 2022): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050722000018.
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We use data from marriage records in Murcia, Spain, in the eighteenth century to study the role of women in social mobility in the pre-modern era. Our measure of social standing is identification as a don or doña, an honorific denoting high, though not necessarily noble, status. We show that this measure, which is acquired over the lifecycle, shows gendered transmission patterns. In particular, same-sex transmission is stronger than opposite-sex, for both sons and daughters. The relative transmission from fathers versus mothers varies over the lifecycle, and grandparents may affect the status of their grandchildren.
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Soyer, François. "Manuel I of Portugal and the End of the Toleration of Islam in Castile: Marriage Diplomacy, Propaganda, and Portuguese Imperialism in Renaissance Europe, 1495-1505." Journal of Early Modern History 18, no. 4 (June 4, 2014): 331–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342416.
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In 1505, King Manuel I of Portugal (1495-1521) ordered the public printing of a letter officially addressed to Pope Julius II. In the letter, the Portuguese King defended his role as a champion of Christendom and scourge of Islam in the Indian Ocean. The most remarkable claim made by Manuel in this letter was that he was directly involved in persuading the Catholic monarchs of Spain Isabel of Castile and Fernando of Aragón to put an end to the toleration of Islam in Castile in 1501. This article focuses on this claim and whether or not it can merely be dismissed as the rhetoric of bombastic propaganda. It analyzes Luso-Spanish relations between 1495 and 1505 and highlights documentary evidence proving that Manuel did indeed put pressure on his Spanish neighbors to abolish the toleration of Islam during the tortuous negotiations surrounding his marriage to the Spanish princess Maria in 1501. Beyond assessing the historical significance of the letter, this article highlights the intricate connections between Portuguese imperial geopolitics and Iberian dynastic politics during this crucial period in the history of both the Spanish and Portuguese monarchies.
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Shumway, Jeffrey M. "“The purity of my blood cannot put food on my table”: Changing Attitudes Towards Interracial Marriage in Nineteenth-Century Buenos Aires." Americas 58, no. 2 (October 2001): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2001.0119.
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Lorenzo Barbosa had a big problem with his daughter Josefa. In June 1821, in Buenos Aires, young Josefa Barbosa was in love with Pascual Cruz. What bothered Lorenzo was that Pascual was a mulatto, while the Barbosa family was white. When the couple asked his permission to marry, Lorenzo vehemently opposed the union and withheld his consent. He was acting within his rights, since minor children (men and women younger than 25 and 23 respectively) were required by law to obtain parental permission to marry. To bolster his case, Lorenzo invoked the power of a colonial law issued in 1778, known as the Royal Pragmatic on marriage, which gave parents the right to block their children's marriages to “unequal partners.” Even though Buenos Aires had broken away from Spain in 1810, most colonial laws regarding family life, including the pragmatic, continued in force into the national period. But just as in colonial times, children retained the right to challenge parental opposition in court. If they chose to do so, the resulting case was known as a disenso.
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Toledo, Alejandra, Leyre Pámpanas, David García, Davide Pettener, and Antonio González-Martin. "CHANGES IN THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF A VALLEY IN THE PYRENEES (CATALONIA, SPAIN)." Journal of Biosocial Science 49, no. 1 (February 17, 2016): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932016000031.
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SummaryIn some situations the use of isonymy is the best strategy for studying the genetic structure of a population and its biological history. In this study different population parameters were calculated for one of the most isolated valleys in the Pyrenees – the region of the Alta Ribagorça in Catalonia, Spain. Surnames from marriage records covering the continuous period from 1638 to 1988 were used. From 1950 onwards this region underwent important social, economic and biological changes related to the introduction of hydroelectric and mining industries, and the change from livestock farming to a society based on services. Two periods were analysed (1638–1950 and 1951–1988) allowing population changes that occurred in the region to be determined. The study focused on calculating the number of surnames by gender, diversity index (H), population sub-structure (RP−RPr)/RPr and inbreeding coefficient (Ft) and detection of possible genetic barriers. The results demonstrate the importance that geography initially had in shaping the genetic structure of the population and how this was gradually replaced by other parameters such as roads or the social and economic importance of towns. An interesting phenomenon is that inbreeding has traditionally been associated with rural life, isolation and endogamy. However, for the Alta Ribagorça it was observed that in the second period, 1951–1988, inbreeding mainly depended on the composition of migrant groups and the reaction of the native population to the arrival of migrants from outside the region.
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De, Rohit. "The Two Husbands of Vera Tiscenko: Apostasy, Conversion, and Divorce in Late Colonial India." Law and History Review 28, no. 4 (October 4, 2010): 1011–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248010000751.
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On June 27, 1940, Vera Tiscenko, a Polish actress formerly with the Moscow Arts Theatre, “of her own free will and after due deliberation” embraced the Islamic faith at the Nakoda Mosque at 19 Chowringee Road, Calcutta. Vera Tiscenko's journey from Moscow to colonial Calcutta was a long and tortuous one. Fleeing the country after the revolution, Vera settled in Berlin where she married a Russian émigré, Eugene Tiscenko. Over the next few years they moved across Europe from Nazi Berlin to civil war Spain and finally settled in Mussolini's Rome, where Vera gave birth to a son, Oleg. In 1938, Eugene Tiscenko went to Edinburgh to qualify for a British medical degree, while Vera and her son left Rome for Calcutta after being invited by Professor Shahid Suhrawardy, her former director at the Moscow Arts Theatre. The reason for the separation between the couple remains unclear. Chief Justice Derbyshire was to speculate that Eugene Tiscenko might have intended to settle somewhere in British India after qualifying, but Vera herself admitted that the marriage had been unhappy. Finding “relief and solace in the teachings of Islam,” she cabled her husband the news of her conversion and requested that he accept the Islamic faith. Eugene Tiscenko replied that his religious convictions were unshakable and “refused absolutely” to change his faith.
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Cruz, Anne J. "María M. Carrión, Subject Stages: Marriage, Theatre, and the Law in Early Modern Spain, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2010. Pp. 240. $55.00 (ISBN 978-1-442-64108-2)." Law and History Review 29, no. 2 (May 2011): 640–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248011000290.
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Edwards, John. "Alexander Samson. Mary and Philip: The Marriage of Tudor England and Habsburg Spain. Studies in Early Modern European History. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2020. Pp. 306. $120.00 (cloth)." Journal of British Studies 60, no. 3 (June 29, 2021): 729–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2021.6.
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Domínguez, Freddy C. "Alexander Samson, Mary and Philip: The Marriage of Tudor England and Habsburg Spain, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2020, pp. iii + 278, £80.00, ISBN: 978-1-5261-4223-8." British Catholic History 35, no. 3 (May 2021): 354–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bch.2021.8.
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Arango Benjumea, Carlos Julio. "Matrimonio civil entre personas del mismo sexo vs. uniones maritales de hecho en Colombia y su referencia en el Derecho Civil español." Revista Jurídica de la Universidad de León, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rjule.v0i2.3733.
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<p>La presente reflexión pretende presentar de manera sistemática y descriptiva principalmente el estado actual del matrimonio civil homosexual y de las uniones de hecho de igual carácter en nuestro país con alguna referencia al Derecho de Familia español. La propuesta temática a desarrollar es la siguiente:</p><p> </p><p>1. En cuanto a la unión marital permanente de hecho entre compañeros, mostrar como en Colombia la pretensión de aplicación igualitaria de las normas que regulan la Unión permanente de hecho entre parejas heterosexuales y homosexuales pasa por un tamiz que deja entrever claramente que dicha pretensión es un sofisma de distracción que paradójicamente le hace el juego a una sociedad democráticamente diferenciada entre el que se considera “el orden normal” y “orden anormal” de las apetencias sexuales y afectivas de los ciudadanos.</p><p>2. En cuanto al matrimonio civil entre personas del mismo sexo, recordar al respecto la polémica de variada intensidad generada en la mayoría de los países del mundo por su legalización, incluidos aquellos donde existe actualmente protección legal del matrimonio homosexual.</p><p>Author shows what is the legal situation of civil same sex marriage at the moment in Colombia and, comparetively, in Spain. In order to complete this explanation, the author offers a detailed exposition about history and present of same sex partnership in Colombia and Spain</p>
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Rábano, Isabel. "Pioneras en la Paleontología española: María Teresa Rodríguez Mellado (1921-1985)." Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, no. 114 (August 4, 2020): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29077/bol.114.e06.
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Resumen Se presentan algunos aspectos de la biografía de María Teresa Rodríguez Mellado (1921-1985), una pionera desconocida en la historia de la Geología española. El matrimonio y la maternidad la retiraron de la ciencia tras una breve pero intensa actividad investigadora. Licenciada en Ciencias, Sección de Ciencias Naturales, por la Universidad Central en 1946, obtuvo una beca del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas en el Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid para realizar su tesis doctoral sobre el Devónico en España, dirigida por Francisco Hernández-Pacheco. Colaboró con Manuel Alía Medina en algunas cuestiones paleontológicas de las investigaciones geológico-mineras del Sáhara Occidental. Asimismo, se muestra la evolución de la enseñanza de las materias geológicas durante la primera mitad del siglo XX en España. Abstra ct This paper deals with some aspects of María Teresa Rodríguez Mellado´s biography (1921-1985), an unknown pioneer in the history of Spanish Geology. Marriage and motherhood removed her from science after a brief but intense research work. She graduated in Natural Sciences in 1946, and got a Spanish National Research Council scholarship to carry out her Ph.D. thesis on the Devonian of Spain, supervised by Francisco Hernández-Pacheco. She collaborated with Manuel Alía Medina on some paleontological issues of the geology of Western Sahara. Also, the evolution of the teaching of geological subjects during the first half of the 20th century in Spain is shown.
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Vari, Alexander. "Bullfights in Budapest: City Marketing, Moral Panics, and Nationalism in Turn-of-the-Century Hungary." Austrian History Yearbook 41 (April 2010): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237809990129.
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At the beginning of June 1904, the Hungarian capital was in a state of frenzy. The bullfights, starring Pouly fils—a toreador from Nîmes, France—as the matador, and scheduled to take place in a recently built 15,000-seat bullring in the Budapest City Park, attracted everyone's attention. Reporting a wave of “Spanish fever” spreading among inhabitants of the city, the newspapers highlighted the fact that a large percentage of the population was talking about “toreadors, picadors, matadors, and bulls.” The toreadors dressed in their “exotic costumes” caused a stir everywhere they went (Figure 1). As the toreadors visited Budapest's tourist attractions many female passersby noticed their “suntanned faces and muscular bodies.” The matador's collar ornament, consisting of two studs representing two “miniature diamond bulls,” was a subject of conversation on everyone's lips. Local tailors proposed “Spanish collars” replicating those worn by Pouly as the ne plus ultra of fashion to their customers. Furniture makers and carpenters witnessed their sales of Spanish dressing-screens skyrocket. Surfing the wave of public interest, the Uránia, a local association for the popularization of science, scheduled slide shows about Spain. The Budapest Orpheum hired Tortajada, a well known Spanish female dancer, for several appearances on its stage. Parodic plays, mimicking a bullfight, were staged throughout June both on the site of Ős Budavára (Ancient Buda Castle), a historical theme park that opened in the City Park in 1896, and on an improvised outdoor stage on the Margaret Island. Theaters also claimed their share by scheduling operas such as Carmen, the Marriage of Figaro, and the Barber of Seville. Restaurants offered a new cocktail drink called “Krampumpouly.” Journalists turned into impromtu poets and wrote poems dedicated to the bulls. Even politicians joined in the popular enthusiasm for the bullfights, declaring in the Budapest parliament, as a journalist sarcastically remarked, that for the local political body from that moment on: “Vox popouly” is “vox dei.”
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Smith-Cronin, Jeri. "The Apocalyptic Chivalry of Thomas Dekker’s The Whore of Babylon and Anglo-Spanish Diplomacy." Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 50, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 633–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10829636-8626493.
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Writing home to King Philip III from the Spanish embassy in London on November 1, 1619, Fray Diego de la Fuente proudly declared his part in suspending a revival of Thomas Dekker’s The Whore of Babylon (1606) due to its “thousands of blasphemies against the pope and Spain.” La Fuente, Gondomar’s London replacement from 1618 to 1620, was clearly intervening to protect Anglo-Spanish diplomatic interests at the height of the ongoing marriage negotiations between the Infanta Maria and Prince Charles. By 1619, English opposition to the “Spanish match” had become inextricably shaped by King James’s refusal to offer military support to his son-in-law, Frederick V, against the Catholic Habsburg invasion of Protestant Bohemia, a conflict interpreted in apocalyptic-chivalric terms. Originally responding to the Gunpowder Plot, the reappearance of Dekker’s play in 1619 encourages a broader analysis of its political message and appeal. This essay reads The Whore of Babylon in this wider European diplomatic context by placing it in conversation with contemporary political and theological treatises and diplomatic communications. Dekker’s play is also read as part of a wider theatrical tradition of post-Reformation apocalyptic drama and, more immediately, as participating in the extended print and performance history of the confessionally charged Jacobean history play. Combining an apocalyptic vision of history and chivalric language and imagery within a cultural framework of Elizabethan nostalgia, The Whore of Babylon became even more politically topical and sensitive in its 1619 revival than in its original context.
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Stark, David M. "Rescued from their Invisibility: The Afro-Puerto Ricans of Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century San Mateo de Cangrejos, Puerto Rico." Americas 63, no. 4 (April 2007): 551–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2007.0091.
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The black “root” has been systematically “uprooted” from the main “trunk” of the Puerto Rican nation.Jorge DuanyScholars who study Puerto Rico's past have struggled with the question of how to define the island’s national identity. Is the essence of Puerto Rican identity rooted in Spain, does it have its origins in Africa, in the legacy of the native Tainos, or is it a product of two or all three of these? This polemical question has yet to be resolved and remains a subject of much debate. The island's black past is often overlooked, and what has been written tends to focus on the enslaved labor force and its ties to the nineteenth-century plantation economy. Few works are specifically devoted to the study of the island's seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Afro-Puerto Rican population. Recent scholarship has begun to address this oversight. For example, the efforts of fugitive slaves and free black West Indian migrants making their way to Puerto Rico have been well documented. Yet, little is known about the number or identity of these runaways. How many slaves made their way to freedom in Puerto Rico, who were they, and where did they come from? Perhaps more importantly, what about their new lives on the island? How were they able to create a sense of belonging, both as individuals and as part of a community within the island's existing population and society? What follows strives to answer these questions by taking a closer look first at the number and identity of these fugitives, and second at how new arrivals were assimilated into their new surroundings through marriage and family formation while their integration was facilitated by participation in the local economy. Through their religious and civic activity Afro-Puerto Ricans were able to create a niche for themselves in San Juan and eventually a community of their own in Cangrejos. In doing so, they helped shape the island's national identity.
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Dickens, A. G. "The Battle of Finsbury Field and Its Wider Context." Studies in Church History. Subsidia 8 (1991): 271–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900001691.
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On 4 March 1554 some hundreds of London schoolboys fought a mock battle on Finsbury Field outside the northern wall of the city. Boys have always gratified their innate romanticism by playing at war, yet this incident, organized between several schools, was overtly political and implicitly religious in character. It almost resulted in tragedy, and, though scarcely noticed by historians, it does not fail to throw Ught upon London society and opinion during a major crisis of Tudor history. The present essay aims to discuss the factual evidence and its sources; thereafter to clarify the broader context and significance of the affair by briefer reference to a few comparable events which marked the Reformation struggle elsewhere. The London battle relates closely to two events in the reign of Mary Tudor: her marriage with Philip of Spain and the dangerous Kentish rebellion led by the younger Sir Thomas Wyatt. The latter’s objectives were to seize the government, prevent the marriage, and, in all probability, to place the Princess Elizabeth on the throne as the figurehead of a Protestant regime in Church and State. While Wyatt himself showed few signs of evangelical piety, the notion of a merely political revolt can no longer be maintained. Professor Malcolm R. Thorp has recendy examined in detail the lives of all the numerous known leaders, and has proved that in almost every case they display clear records of Protestant conviction. It is, moreover, common knowledge that Kent, with its exceptionally large Protestant population, provided at this moment the best possible recruiting-area in England for an attack upon the Catholic government. Though the London militia treasonably went over to Wyatt, the magnates with their retinues and associates rallied around the legal sovereign. Denied boats and bridges near the capital, Wyatt finally crossed the Thames at Kingston, but then failed to enter London from the west. By 8 February 1554 his movement had collapsed, though his execution did not occur until 11 April.
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Paternotte, David. "Les lieux d'activisme : le «mariage gai» en Belgique, en France et en Espagne." Canadian Journal of Political Science 41, no. 4 (December 2008): 935–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423908081092.
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Résumé. Cet article étudie les lieux investis par les activistes LGBT durant les mobilisations en faveur de l'ouverture du mariage civil aux couples de même sexe en France, en Espagne et en Belgique. Il montre que l'articulation entre les niveaux étatique et infraétatiques ne résulte pas uniquement des variations institutionnelles de la structure des opportunités politiques ou, à l'image du scale-jumping, de considérations stratégiques. Elle s'inscrit aussi dans des phénomènes plus vastes : la culture politique, l'histoire et l'organisation des mouvements LGBT dans chacun des pays analysés. Ce texte discute ainsi certaines observations de Miriam Smith (et de John Grundy) sur la déconnexion des niveaux d'action au sein du mouvement LGBT canadien.Abstract. This article examines the places invested by LGBT activists while advocating the opening-up of civil marriage to same-sex couples in France, Spain and Belgium. It shows how the articulation between state and sub-state levels does not only result from institutional variations of the political opportunities structure or, as for scale-jumping, from strategic concerns. It also ensues from broader phenomena: political culture, as well as the history and organisation of LGBT movements in each of the countries under study. This text also discusses some of Miriam Smith (and John Grundy)'s observations on the disconnections of action levels within the Canadian LGBT movement.
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Thompson, Peter E. "María Mercedes Carrión. Subject Stages: Marriage, Theatre, and the Law in Early Modern Spain. University of Toronto Romance Series. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2010. xii + 254 pp. index. illus. gloss. bibl. $55. ISBN: 978–1–4426–4108–2." Renaissance Quarterly 64, no. 1 (2011): 241–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/660422.
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Esther Almarcha Núñez-Herrador, Esther, and Rafael Villena Espinosa. "Una nación de castillos. Su restauración, imagen fotográfica y significado en el segundo franquismo." Vínculos de Historia Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, no. 11 (June 22, 2022): 189–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh_2022.11.08.
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El estado franquista, en su afán por vincularse a las épocas “gloriosas” del pasado, encontró en los castillos un argumento más para su discurso nacionalista. Esta significación simbólica se tradujo en todo un relato textual y visual que arranca de períodos anteriores, pero que cobra una nueva dimensión con la importancia económica del turismo durante la década de los sesenta. A lo largo de las siguientes páginas identificamos las claves de este discurso simbólico a través de los textos (fuentes impresas y hemerográficas) y la documentación de archivo procedente de los procesos de restauración monumental y políticas turísticas. Singular importancia tuvo el mundo de la fotografía como herramienta múltiple de identificación y vehículo de publicidad turística. Gracias a ello podemos rastrear las instituciones promotoras y las sinergias con otros agentes sociales imbricados en la dictadura. Palabras clave: historia de la restauración, historia de la fotografía, turismo, castillos, nacionalismoTopónimo: EspañaPeriodo: franquismo ABSTRACTThe Francoist state, in its eagerness to associate itself with the “glorious” times of the past, found in castles further support for its nationalist discourse. This symbolic significance translated into an entire textual and visual narrative that had begun earlier but acquired a new dimension with the economic importance of tourism during the 1960s. The following pages identify the keys to this symbolic discourse through texts (printed sources and journalistic sources) and documentation from the archives of processes of monumental restoration and tourism policies. Particular importance was attached to the world of photography as a multiple tool for identification and as a vehicle for tourist publicity. Thanks to the latter, it is possible to trace the promoting institutions and the synergies with other social agents involved in the dictatorship. Keywords: history of restoration, history of photography, tourism, castles, nationalismPlace names: SpainPeriod: francoism REFERENCIASAlares, G., Políticas del pasado en la España franquista (1939-1964). Historia, nacionalismo y dictadura, Madrid, Marcial Pons, 2017.Almarcha, E. y Villena, R., “Los castillos, ¿destino turístico?”, en De Marco Polo al low cost. Perfiles del turismo contemporáneo, Madrid, La Catarata de los Libros, 2020, pp. 69-90.— “La impresión de lo moderno. Los volúmenes provinciales de los XXV años de paz”, en XXV Años de Paz Franquista. Sociedad y cultura en España hacia 1964, pp. 271-307.— “Las tarjetas postales como registro de la memoria histórica”, La Tadeo de Arte, 5, (2019), pp. 178-203.Almarcha, E., García, M. P. y Villena, R. (coords.), Spain is different. Restauración monumental y desarrollismo en España 1959-1975, Cuenca, Genueve, 2019.Billing, M., Nacionalismo banal, Madrid, Capitán Swing, 2014.Box, Z., “El nacionalismo durante el franquismo (1939-1975)”, en Historia de la nación y del nacionalismo español, Madrid, Galaxia Gutenberg, 2013, pp. 903-920.Boyd, C., “La Formación del Espíritu Nacional. La enseñanza de la historia bajo Franco”, en Las historias de España. Visiones del pasado y construcción de identidad, Barcelona, Crítica/Marcial Pons, 2018, pp. 523-539.Cal, R. y Correyero, B., Turismo, la mayor propaganda de Estado: España desde sus inicios hasta 1951, Madrid, Visión, 2008.Castro, A. y Díaz, J. (coords.), XXV Años de Paz Franquista. Sociedad y cultura en España hacia 1964, Madrid, Sílex Universidad, 2017.Chenovart, J., “La heroína histórica en el cine franquista: La princesa de los Ursinos, Agustina de Aragón y La leona de Castilla”, Filmhistoria Online, 30, (2020), https://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/filmhistoria/article/view/33112 (Consulta: 22-12-2021).Correyero, B., “El papel de la publicidad turística en la construcción de la imagen de España (1900-1936)”, en Los orígenes del turismo moderno en España el nacimiento de un país turístico: 1900-1939, Madrid, Sílex, 2018, pp. 471-507.Domeño, A., La fotografía de José Ortiz-Echagüe: técnica, estética y temática, Pamplona, Gobierno de Navarra, 2000.Erro, C., Ortiz-Echagüe, el empresario fotógrafo, Madrid, EADS, 2012.Esteban, M. y De la Calle, M. D. (eds.), Procesos de nacionalización en la España contemporánea, Salamanca, Universidad, 2010.Fontana, F., “Miedo a la historia”, El País (16-07-2006).Fuentes, A., Bienvenido Mr. Turismo. Cultura visual del boom en España, Madrid, Cátedra, 2017.García, M. P., Almarcha, E. y Hernández, A. (coords.), Historia, restauración y reconstrucción monumental en la posguerra española, Madrid, Abada Editores, 2012.García, M. P., Almarcha, E. y Hernández, A. (coords.), Restaurando la memoria. España e Italia ante la recuperación monumental de posguerra, Gijón, Trea, 2010.García-Gutiérrez, J., “A propósito de paradores y de la intervención en edificios históricos en la España Contemporánea”, Estudios Turísticos, 217-218, (2019), pp. 57-65.Garris, Á., “La reconstrucción de la arquitectura militar como imagen del régimen franquista”, XVII Congreso Nacional de Historia del Arte, Atrio-U. de Barcelona-CEHA, 2017, pp. 577-590.Garris, Á., “La restauración de la arquitectura militar mudéjar bajo la bandera franquista”, XI Simposio Internacional de Mudejarismo, Teruel, Instituto de Estudios Turolenses-Centro de Estudios Mudéjares, 2009, pp. 149-160.Gómez de Terreros, M. V. (ed.), La arquitectura de las órdenes militares en Andalucía: conservación y restauración, U. de Huelva, 2011.Hernández, A., “Francisco Íñiguez Almech y Leopoldo Torres Balbás, ¿vidas paralelas?”, en Torres Balbás y la restauración científica: ensayos, Granada, Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife / Sevilla, Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico, 2013, pp. 449-476.Kurtz, G. y Ortega, I., 150 años de fotografía en la Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid, El Viso, 1989.Larrinaga, C. y Vallejo, R. (dirs.), Los orígenes del turismo moderno en España el nacimiento de un país turístico: 1900-1939, Madrid, Sílex, 2018.Latorre, J., Santa María del Villar. Fotógrafo turista. En los orígenes de la fotografía artística española, Pamplona, Institución Príncipe de Viana, 1998.Lavaur, L., El turismo en su historia, Madrid, Editur, 1974.Moreno, J. y Núñez, X. M. (eds.), Ser españoles: imaginarios nacionalistas en el siglo XX, Barcelona, RBA, 2013.Ordóñez, J., “Restauración arquitectónica en la autarquía. La Alcazaba de Málaga: entre la reconstrucción nacional y la escenografía historicista”, en Dos décadas de cultura artística en el franquismo (1936-1956), U. de Granada, 2001, pp. 587-616.Ortiz-Echagüe, Madrid, La Fábrica, 1998.Pack, S., La invasión pacífica. Los turistas y la España de Franco, Madrid, Turner, 2009.Paz, J., Castillos y fortalezas, Madrid, Revista de Archivos, Bibliotecas y Museos, 1914.Pérez Gallardo, H., Fotografía y arquitectura en el siglo XIX. Historia y representación monumental, Madrid, Cátedra, 2015.Pérez Garzón, J. S., “¿Qué historia aprendían ‘Los chicos del PREU’ en 1964?”, XXV Años de Paz Franquista. Sociedad y cultura en España hacia 1964, Madrid, Sílex Universidad, 2017, pp. 127-159.— “Evolución y rasgos de las historiografías de los nacionalismos en España”, en Procesos de nacionalización e identidades en la Península Ibérica, Cáceres, Universidad de Extremadura, pp. 47-74.Poutet, H., Images touristiques de l’Espagne: de la propagande politique à la promotion touristique, París, L’Harmattan, 1995.Riego, B. (coord.), España en la tarjeta postal, Barcelona, Lunwerg, 2010.Rodríguez, D. y Pérez Gallardo, H. (coords.), Mirar la arquitectura fotografía monumental en el siglo XIX [exposición, del 3 de julio al 4 de octubre de 2015], Madrid, Ministerio de Cultura / Biblioteca Nacional, 2015.Rodríguez, M. J. y García-Gutiérrez, J., “De lo inexpugnable a lo accesible. Correlación entre valores patrimoniales y turismo en los castillos de la Red de Paradores”, erph_: Revista electrónica de Patrimonio Histórico, 19, (2016), pp. 22-53.Sánchez Vigil, J. M. (coord.), La fotografía en España. De los orígenes al siglo XXI. Summa Artis, vol. XVII, Madrid, Espasa Calpe, 2001.Saz, I., España contra España. Los nacionalismos franquistas, Madrid, Marcial Pons, 2003.Shubert, A., Espartero, el Pacificador, Barcelona, Galaxia Gutenberg, 2018, .epub.Sougez, M. L. (coord.), Historia general de la fotografía, Madrid, Cátedra, 2007.Storm, E., “Patrimonio local, turismo e identidad nacional en una ciudad de provincias: Toledo a principios del siglo XX”, Hispania, 244, (2013), pp. 349-376.Vega, C., Fotografía en España (1839-2015). Historia, tendencias, estéticas, Madrid, Cátedra, 2017.Villaverde, J. y Galant, I. (eds.), ¿El turismo es un gran invento? Usos políticos, identitarios y culturales del turismo en España, Valencia, Institució Alfons el Magnànim-CSIC, 2020.Villena, R., “Envíos con sabor español. Tarjetas postales, traje y nación”, Imaginarios en conflicto: "lo español" en los siglos XIX y XX, Madrid, CSIC, 2017, pp. 79-96.Villena, R., “Una nación efímera. Soportes visuales para el nacionalismo español contemporáneo”, Spain is different. Restauración monumental y desarrollismo en España 1959-1975, Cuenca, Genueve, 2019, pp. 9-34.Vives, A., “Tourism and Nationalism in the Production of Regional Culture: The Shaping of Majorca”, Nations and Nationalism, 24, 3, (2018), pp. 695-715.
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León Vegas, Milagros. ""Dejándome en toda libertad, sin vejarme ni molestarme": mujer y disenso matrimonial, una aproximación a través de la documentación del Archivo de la Real Chancillería de Granada (siglo XVIII)." Vínculos de Historia Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, no. 11 (June 22, 2022): 430–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh_2022.11.20.
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La Real Pragmática de matrimonios de 1776 fue una iniciativa de la Monarquía Hispánica para restablecer e imponer el veto o consentimiento paterno en los matrimonios de los hijos. Más allá de la reafirmación de una sociedad patriarcal, esta legislación supuso una pugna del poder temporal con la Iglesia para controlar los matrimonios, pilar de la familia y de las sociedades de siglos pasados. En medio de ese conflicto, este tipo de reglamentación multiplicó el recurso de las partes ante los tribunales civiles e incluso, en algunos casos, los novios ganaron el pleito frente a la oposición de los intereses familiares. La documentación rastreada en el Archivo de la Real Chancillería de Granada sobre disensos (1777-1816) nos servirá para aproximarnos a esta realidad, deteniéndonos en describir, a través de un estudio de caso, algunos rasgos contestatarios de la voluntad femenina en el ámbito conyugal como muestra del incipiente despunte del individualismo afectivo en época ilustrada. Palabras clave: Matrimonio, mujer, disenso, individualismoTopónimos: España, AndalucíaPeriodo: Siglo XVIII ABSTRACTThe Real Pragmática de Matrimonios of 1776 was an initiative on the part of the Spanish Monarchy to restore and impose parental veto or consent on their children’s marriage. Beyond the reaffirmation of a patriarchal society, this legislation was a manifestation of the struggle between temporal power and the Church to control marriages, for centuries a cornerstone of family and society. In the midst of this conflict, this type of regulation multiplied the number of appeals lodged before civil courts, with the bride and groom, in some cases, even winning lawsuits in opposition to family interests. The documentation on dissent (1776-1816) tracked down in the Archive of the Royal Chancery of Granada helps us to approach this reality, and describe, by means of a case study, certain rebellious traits of the female will as an example of the incipient rise of affective individualism during the Enlightenment. Key words: Marriage, woman, dissent, individualismToponyms: Spain, AndalusiaPeriod: 18th century REFERENCIASBaldellou Monclús, D., “El honor de los padres y la libertad de los hijos: la aplicación del veto paterno a los matrimonios transgresores en la España preliberal”, en Familias rotas. Conflictos familiares en la España del Antiguo Régimen, Zaragoza, Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 2014, pp. 47-99.Bel Bravo, M. A., “Familia y género en la Edad Moderna: pautas para su estudio”, Memoria y Civilización, 9, (2006), pp. 13-49.Bernhard, J. Lefebvre, Ch. y Rapp, F., L´epoque de la réforme et du Concile de Trente, Paris, Éditions Cujas, 1990.Blanco Carrasco, P., “Disensos. 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Hatipova, I. A. "Mikhail Vasilyevich Sechkin – Pianist, Conductor, Teacher." Aspects of Historical Musicology 18, no. 18 (December 28, 2019): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-18.09.
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Target setting. In the modern musical culture of the Republic of Moldova M. V. Sechkin stands out as one of the key figures. He proved to be a multi skilled musician: piano player, conductor, and pedagogue. The scientific challenge disclosed in the article touches on creation of a coherent reflection of the work conducted by M. Sechkin in musical and artistic institutions of the Republic of Moldova during 1988–2015. Thus, notably contributing to the theoretical perception of the process of musical art development in the Republic of Moldova at the turn of the 21st century while filling up the gap in studying the history of Moldovan musical culture. Review of literature. The activity conducted by M. Sechkin was not reflected in the scientific literature. The present paper is the first attempt to present the creative portrait of the musician by summarizing press articles and a range of interviews. The purpose of this paper is confined to disclosing the contribution made by the famous piano player, conductor, and pedagogue M. Sechkin in the process of musical art development in Moldova at the turn of the 21st century. Research methodology. In the research of creative activity of M. Sechkin, use has been made of a complex of methods applicable in modern study of art: the empirical level of scientific research was established through informal personal conversations with M. Sechkin and other musicians, directly linked with his activity. Applied at the theoretical level were general scientific methods, such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, etc. Statement of basic material. Over the years, M. V. Sechkin, born on March 31, 1943 in the Ukrainian City of Kharkov, has contributed decisively to the development of musical culture in the Republic of Moldova as a pianist, opera and symphony orchestra conductor, professor and public figure. He took his first lessons in music from his mother Maria Sechkin Zakharchenko, the follower of K. N. Igumnov. He attended the profile secondary musical school, class of Regina Gorovitz – the sister to the famous pianist Vladimir Gorovitz. In 1966, M. Sechkin graduated from Kharkov Conservatoire as a pianist on the class of Professor Mikhail Khazanovsky and then selected to remain with the Chair as an assistant. However, his dream of making a carrier of symphony and opera conductor has taken the young musician to a different path. The interest for conducting appeared under the influence of the art of conducting revealed by Leonid Khudoley, disciple of Nikolay Golovanov. Therefore, two years later, after graduation, M. Sechkin has entered the faculty of conductors at Kharkov Institute of Arts. One year later, he moves to Kyiv Conservatoire named after P. I. Tchaikovsky, where he attended the class of Professor Mikhail Kanershtein, disciple of one of the founders of the Soviet school of conducting Nicolay Malko. Next followed probation assistantship, where M. Sechkin attended a training course headed by the outstanding Ukrainian conductor Stephan Turchak. Having accomplished his probation assistantship, M. Sechkin has joined the Symphonic orchestra of Zaporozhye Philharmonics and later on invited to Donetsk Opera Theatre, where he mastered a rather comprehensive theatrical repertoire. The Chisinau (Moldova) period of maestro’s creative biography started beck in 1988, when he accepted the invitation to join the Moldovan State Conservatoire as Professor of the Chair of Special Piano and the Chair of Operatic Training. By then he headed the Students Symphony Orchestra, being one of the first conductors of Opera Studio. The Studio repertoire included the best images of West European and Russian opera classics. Prepared from the scratch were such operas as Carmen by G. Bizet and the Noblewoman Vera Sheloga by N. А. Rimsky Korsakov. The students – alumni of this conservatoire then worked successfully at the National Opera Theatre, performed in prestigious opera scenes around the world; among these one could mention Petru Racovita, Natalia Margarit, Lilya Sholomey, Yuri Gasca, Robert Khvalov, Stephan Curudimov, Mefodie Bujor, and Liliana Lavric. The Opera Studio Orchestra was touring in Italy and Spain. For a number of decades, M. Sechkin acted as one of the key conductors at the National Opera and Ballet Theatre, while from 1990 to 1992 acted as the Principal Conductor and the Art Director. Here he worked on staging the ballets Romeo & Juliette by S. Prokofiev, Spartacus by А. Khachaturian, and operas the Marriage of Figaro by W. Mozart, Don Carlos by G. Verdi, and Iolanta by P. I. Tchaikovsky. In parallel to the theatre plays, M. Sechkin has brightly proven his qualities as a conductor of the Symphony Orchestra of the National Philharmonics named after S. Lunchevici. Under his leadership (2008–2013), the orchestra performed more than twenty show programs, including premiere hits by P. Tchaikovsky (Symphony No. 5, symphony Manfred), A. Scriabin (Symphony No. 2 and No. 3), and S. Rachmaninoff (Symphony No. 3). Many of the musicians are marking high conducting mastery of M. Sechkin in performing orchestral accompaniment and special work with the soloists prior to orchestra performance. Likewise appreciated was the work of maestro with young musicians. The conductor devotes a lot of his time to promoting the oeuvre of Moldovan composers. Since 2000 and until nowadays, within the frameworks of the Days of New Music Festival, jointly with the National Philharmonics Orchestra, the maestro prepared a number of programs compiled from the works of V. Polyakov, V. Zagorsky, V. Rotaru, A. Luxemburg, O. Negruza, B. Dubossarsky, and Z. Tcaci. In 30 years of his activity in Chisinau, M. Sechkin cooperated with all of the known orchestra ensembles. Back in 90th, maestro was successfully touring with the National Opera and Ballet Theatre in Italy, Spain, Portugal, Switzerland, Rumania and Chile. In Rumania, M. Sechkin was working full time as a conductor and then as the principal conductor of the Symphony Orchestra of the city of Botosani (1998–2013), where he managed to stage about 70 show programs. The multifaceted and fruitful activity of the musician was repeatedly marked with Certificates of Honor and Diplomas. In 1996, he was decorated with the award Maestru în Artă (Master of Arts) and in 2018 with the noble award of the People’s Artist of the Republic of Moldova. Conclusions and prospects. While appreciating the contribution made by this outstanding musician into the development of the musical culture in the Republic of Moldova, one could clearly see the determinant trajectory of his life and artistic journey – the stalwart devotion to music, musical education, nurturing young performers and listeners of different age group generations.
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