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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Marriage Effects'
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Dillon, Hollie Nicole. "Family Violence and Divorce: Effects on Marriage Expectations." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/998.
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Family violence and divorce can have influential effects on marital expectations. The present study analyzes the effects of gender, family violence, and divorce on marital expectations. Participants were 293 students enrolled in an introductory psychology course at a southeastern university. The mean age of the participants was 19.67 with 62.5 % being female and 37.5% being male. Participants completed the Conflict Tactics Scale to assess the presence of violence in the participant’s family of origin. Participants were also assessed on their parent’s marital status and, if applicable, their age at the time of divorce. This information was gathered via a demographic questionnaire in order to group participants into intact and non-intact groups based on their family of origin data. Participants also completed the Marriage Expectation Scale, which assesses future marital expectations by mean scores. A participant’s score may indicate pessimistic, realistic, or idealistic marital expectations. Results did not indicate that family violence or divorce had an effect on the participant’s marital expectations. Results did indicate statistically significant findings that revealed that men and women differed on marital expectations. Critiques of the present study as well as implications for future research are discussed.
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Feeney, Thomas P. "Effects of drug dependence on matrimonial consent." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Moats, Michelle Marie. "The effects of parental marriage, divorce and conlfict on college students' attitudes toward marriage and divorce." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1089665548.
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Coloroso, Christina M. "The political socialization effects of marriage for American women voters." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2010. http://worldcat.org/oclc/646030305/viewonline.
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Harris, Keith W. "The psychophysiology of marital interaction : differential effects of support and conflict /." view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3003994.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2001.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-98). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Straub, Brianne. "LOOKING THROUGH ROSE COLORED GLASSES:THE MEDIA'S INFLUENCE ON PERCEPTIONS OF ROMANCE AND MARRIAGE." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3387.
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This study examined the relationship between different media and expectations about romantic relationships and marriage. Participants were asked to complete a survey that measured different romantic constructs and the types of media exposures on a daily and weekly basis. The variables were measured to determine the effect the media play in a person's perceptions on romantic relationships and marriage. The results of the study concluded that although general television viewing does not predict perceptions about romance and marriage, the romantic genre of television programs as well as magazines do have a role in predicting romantic perceptions.M.A.
Nicholson School of Communication
Arts and Sciences
Communication
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Sarkodie, Raphael. "The Celebration of Marriage and Its Effects on the Catholic Church in Ghana." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108073.
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Thesis advisor: John BaldovinThesis advisor: Liam Bergin
Marriage is an important aspect of culture which helps to establish the basic root of the society: family. It is the foundation of most societies. The existence of several communities is largely influenced by successful marital processes and celebrations. Like culture, marriage evolves. Similar to many other countries, marriage in Ghana has been going through transitions and challenges. The celebration of the Sacrament of Marriage differently from the Customary Marriage is one of the main challenges Ghana is facing. As an outcome, people spend more time, money and other resources to celebrate marriage. In addition, the celebration of these two different marriages leads to apathy in church, lapse of faithful Catholics and few people observing the Sacrament. This work explores the possibility of celebrating Customary Marriage and the Sacrament of Marriage together in a single liturgy. This will do away with many of the problems and pastoral challenges associated with marriage
Thesis (STL) — Boston College, 2017
Submitted to: Boston College. School of Theology and Ministry
Discipline: Sacred Theology
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Christensen, Sherie Adams. "The effects of premarital sexual promiscuity on subsequent marital sexual satisfaction /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd454.pdf.
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Johnson, Veronica Ida. "The Effects of Intimate Relationship Education on Relationship Optimism and Attitudes toward Marriage." The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05192009-110429/.
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This study evaluated the effects of relationship education on undergraduate students' optimism about relationships and attitudes toward marriage. Participants included undergraduate students enrolled in an Intimate and Family Relations class and students enrolled in a comparison class at the University of Montana. Students were assessed during the first week of the fall semester, 2008, and again at the conclusion of fall semester, 2008. Students' attitudes and optimism towards marriage and intimate relationships were assessed using the Optimism about Relationships scale (Carnelly & Janoff-Bulman, 1992), the Family-of-Origin scale (Hovestadt, Anderson, Piercy, Cochran, & Fine, 1985), and the Marital Attitude Scale (Braaten & Rosèn, 1998). This study focused on whether taking an Intimate and Family Relations class had differential effects on students whose parents previously divorced as compared with students from non-divorced families. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to determine assessment score differences from pre- to post-test between students in the Intimate and Family Relations class and students in the comparison class. Conclusions and recommendations for future research are provided.
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Riepma, Lindsy. "Mor' better, mor' worse : the effects of marriage on the valuing of art." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 1998. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/49.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
Art History
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Jurjevich, Jason R. "Compositional and Contextual Effects Across Political Landscapes: Case Studies of Migration and Same-Sex Marriage." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193601.
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This dissertation consists of three papers that explore the geographic context of elections. Through case studies of migration and same-sex marriage, this research demonstrates how elections are the products of stratified social, economic, and political environments that area highly variable across space. This dissertation also details the implications for local, state, and national elections.The first two papers of this dissertation explore how compositional effects of migration fundamentally alter political landscapes. In addressing this research question, Appendix A tackles the primary obstacle of compositional migration research--collecting migration data containing individual party identification. This paper makes a significant contribution by serving as the first study to pioneer a methodological approach that predicts individual partisanship of migrants according to socioeconomic characteristics with logistic regression state models. The results underscore the importance of migrant origins and destinations in considering the political effectiveness of migration flows.Relying on the methodological framework in Appendix A, Appendix B calls attention to the oversimplified, undertheorized, and highly problematic definitions of migration responsible for the cursory understanding of migration's compositional effects. Specifically, the paper suggests what recent U.S. migration trends portend for compositional changes in Democratic and Republican partisanship at the state level through a concept of `political effectiveness'. This research makes several important contributions to the existing literature, including clearly illustrating the complexity of migration through the different ways it produces partisan gains.Approaching electoral analysis through a contextual perspective, Appendix C examines the interrelationship of political strategies used by gay rights advocates in campaigns against constitutional bans of same-sex marriage. Through a comparative analysis of Arizona Propositions 107 and 102, this research examines the interrelationship and basis of political strategies between voters' rejection of Proposition 107 (2006) and passage of Proposition 102 (2008). Additionally, considering that vote choice is largely influenced by discursive political cues, including messaging, it is imperative to examine the basis of political strategies and assess how local context influences political strategies and voting constituencies. Findings from this research also provide important considerations for both gay rights and political strategy literatures.
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Toler, Jane K. "The Effects of an Oral History Interview on Counselor Trainees' Confidence and Couples' Intimacy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4172/.
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A major concern many counselor trainees face when preparing to see their first couple-client is that of confidence because they have had little to no experience in interacting in a professional capacity with couples. Many beginning counselors experience anxiety, which can inhibit their effectiveness with clients (Scanlon & Baille, 1994). Introducing counselor trainees to a relatively non-threatening interaction with couples might reduce the initial anxiety that characterizes the neophyte counselor venturing into new clinical territory. The interaction may also enhance feelings of warmth and closeness of the couples. John Gottman's Oral History Interview (Gottman, 1999) was the protocol used in the interaction between trainee and couple. An instrument developed for this study to measure couple counseling confidence, the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, 1983), and the Personal Assessment of Intimacy in Relationships (Schaefer & Olson, 1981) were used to assess levels of counselor confidence, counselor anxiety, and couple intimacy, respectively. The confidence instrument and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were administered to 37 students who were enrolled in four graduate level introductory couple counseling classes and who interviewed couples, as well as to 34 counselor-trainees who were enrolled in five graduate level counseling courses other than couple counseling and who did not interview couples. Analyses of the quantitative data revealed no statistically significant differences in confidence between trainees who interviewed a couple and trainees who did not interview a couple. Analyses of qualitative data suggested there were differences. The Personal Assessment of Intimacy in Relationships was administered to 67 individual couple participants who were interviewed by counselor trainees, and 35 individual couple participants who were not interviewed by counselor-trainees. Analyses of the quantitative data revealed no statistically significant differences in couples who participated in the Oral History Interview and those who did not. Analyses of qualitative data suggested there were differences. Regarding both counselor confidence and couple intimacy, future research using a larger sample size and more refined quantitative methods appears warranted.
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Woodruff, James Graham. "Sex-Role Stereotyping in Marital Counseling Sex- Role Style and Type of Problem Effects on Clinical Judgments." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332056/.
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The analogue study was designed to extend previous research on clinical sex-role stereotyping of individual clients into the realm of marital counseling. The effects of clinician and couple sex-role style and type of marital problem on clinical judgements of couples was examined through ratings of four audiotaped couples constructed from two scripts depicting either couple financial or sexual problems. Each script produced both a stereotypical and counterstereotypical sex-role styled couple through reversal of spouse verbalizations. A sample of 40 (32 male, 8 female) practicing doctorate-level psychologists rated either two stereotypical or two counterstereotypical couples for level of maladjustment, need for treatment, and prognosis. Individual spouse ratings were also obtained to examine client gender effects.
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Clyde, Tiffany Lura. "The Effects of Premarital Education Promotion Policies on U.S. Divorce Rates." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7514.
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Previous research has documented the effects of divorce on children, families, communities, taxpayers, and society. Accordingly, local, state, and national governments have enacted policies aimed at strengthening marriages and reducing divorce. Currently, ten states have enacted some form of premarital education promotion policy. However, no research has documented whether the implementation of premarital education promotion policies has actually decreased the divorce rate in implementing states. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate empirically the effectiveness of premarital education policy implementation on reducing early divorce rates. Prior to running any empirical analyses, an implementation study was conducted to understand how effectively each state implemented the premarital education promotion policy. A combination of methods was used for this study including reviewing the legislative documents, reviewing archival records, as well as interviewing academics and key persons associated with the bill. Following the implementation study, an impact study was conducted to analyze the effects of the policies on the divorce rates. Divorce rate data were obtained from NCHS National Vital Statistics Reports (1988-2016). To assess the effects of premarital education policies, difference-in-difference estimation using state fixed effects was employed. The results of the implementation study suggest that while the policies had similarities in their language and intent, the majority of the states had little or no formal oversight and implementation of the policy. Results of the impact study suggest that effectively implementing a policy is significantly associated with a .5% in the divorce rate after controlling for all other variables in the model. I conclude with a discussion of the implementation and impact studies results as well as suggestions for future policy efforts and research
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Pruitt, Irene Teresa Paz. "Perspectives on the Impact of Meditative Traits on Relationships among Advanced Practitioners of Meditation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33071.
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This qualitative study is an exploration of advanced meditators' understandings of how the personal traits developed through meditation have influenced their relationships. The term meditation refers to self-regulation practices that train attention and awareness. A "meditative trait" refers to the lasting effects in sensory, cognitive and self-referential awareness that continue whether or not the practitioner is actively engaged in meditation. These traits may have some influence on meditators' close relationships, but there has been little research of this effect to date. Seven participants were interviewed about their experiences of meditative traits, and how they have seen these traits affect their relationships. The meditative traits that the participants identified were (1) awareness of body sensations and emotions; (2) disidentification from emotions and thoughts; (3) acceptance of situations, oneself, and others; and (4) compassion and loving kindness for oneself and others. The relational effects of these traits were (1) less reactivity in relationships, (2) greater freedom and safety for the participants and the others with whom they are in relationship, (3) a new understanding of the nature of connection between people, which included an awareness of the unity and separation that exists among people, and a deepened experience of intimacy and independence within relationships. Also included are a discussion of the connections between these themes and the existing literature, the strengths and limitations of this study, and the implications for future research and family therapy practice.Master of Science
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Kirkland, Cassandra L. Keiley Margaret K. "The effects of African-Americans' attitudes/beliefs about marriage on their desire to marry." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Human_Development_and_Family_Studies/Thesis/Kirkland_Cassandra_58.pdf.
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Daniels, Kim. "An examination of the effects of family structure on attitudes toward marriage and divorce." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2001. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/218.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
Sociology
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Kim, Sanghag. "Sociological studies on happiness in cross-national contexts: effects of economic inequality and marriage." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1154.
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The main purpose of this dissertation is to establish happiness as a sociological research topic and examine the effects of economic inequality and marriage on happiness in cross-national contexts. Following a critical review on previous happiness studies, two cross-national studies and one longitudinal study focusing on Korean data are conducted for this purpose. In the first study, I examine the effects of objective and subjective inequality on happiness across 26 countries. Data from the International Social Survey Program 1999 and the World Values Surveys 1994-1999 are used for analyses. The results indicate that subjective inequality, not objective inequality, has a strong negative influence on happiness. In the second study, I examine the relationship between marriage and happiness across 72 countries, focusing on a comparison of marrieds, cohabitors, and never-married singles. Data from the World Value Surveys 1999-2008 are used for analyses. The results indicate that the relationship between marriage and happiness varies across nations. In the majority of countries, marriage is positively associated with happiness, but there are many countries where the relationship is non-existent or negative. Cohabitors are happier than never-married singles, but only in countries where marrieds are also happier than the never-married singles. Multi-level analyses show that the positive relationship between marriage and happiness is stronger in countries characterized by economic development and secular-rational culture. In the third study, I examine the continuation of the marriage effect on life satisfaction in Korea. Longitudinal data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study 1998-2008 are used for analyses. The results indicate that the selection effect (i.e., People with greater life satisfaction are more likely to get married.) exists in general but is moderated by the age effect. The increase of life satisfaction caused by marriage is maintained at least for 6 years or more. Thus, the positive relationship between marriage and life satisfaction in Korea is explained by both of the selection effect and the causal effect of marriage.
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Rodgers, Glenda S. "The Effects of Premenstrual Syndrome Symptomatology on Marital Satisfaction." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4253/.
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Many women reporting PMS symptoms state their symptoms affect their mood, social, and family functioning. This study attempted to provide clinicians with information to assist in psychotherapeutic intervention, by determining the effect PMS has on marital satisfaction. Nineteen female subjects reporting PMS symptoms and their partners completed the study. The Marital Satisfaction Inventory - Revised (MSI-R) and the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire-Form T (MDQ-form T) were used to determine if the nineteen couples reported marital distress as a result of the women's cyclical premenstrual symptoms. The results of the study suggested that the women and their partners, report high levels of marital distress that is not reflective of the cyclical nature of the PMS symptomatology. Scores on the MSI-R for the subjects and their partners indicated the couples perceived level of distress in the t-50 to t-70 range on scales 3-8 is consistent throughout the menstrual cycle. The couples reported higher levels of marital distress than would be the expected norm, suggesting that PMS may be a contributing factor to the level of distress they reported experiencing. This study did not include a control group, which would have provided a norm for couples who do not report PMS by which to compare the MSI-R scores.
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Lawson, Stephen A. "The effects of marriage on the cohesion of Fleet Marine Force units : an officer's perspective /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA329285.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1996.Thesis advisor(s): Alice Crawford and Mark J. Eitelberg. "December 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-68). Also available online.
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Wilhelm, Brenda Kay. "Entry into first marriage or cohabitation: Effects of childhood family structure in a changing world." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/283997.
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I extend the literature on the long-term effects of growing up in a single parent family by investigating patterns of entry into co-residential relationships. I address three primary questions: (1) what are the effects of family structure growing up, particularly time spent with a single parent, on entry into first marriage or cohabitation; (2) how do these effects vary depending on the type of disruption experienced, the age of the child when the disruption occurs, the number of years spent in a single parent home, the sex of the single parent and whether a parental remarriage occurred; and (3) how do the effects of growing up in a single parent home vary over cohort as the experience became one more commonly experienced? I investigate these issues within a life course perspective, along with mid-level explanations--including childhood socialization, social control, instability and change and economic. I also use cohort theories of social change to understand changes over time in the relationship between family structure growing up and relationship formation. Using data from the National Survey of Family and Households, I employ partial likelihood hazard models to address the above questions. The results indicate people who grew up in a single parent family tend to either accelerate or delay marriage and cohabitation, relative to the union-formation timing of their two-parent peers. The magnitude and direction of effects depends on specific aspects of family structure growing up--whether the single parent was a mother or a father, whether the custodial mother remarried, whether time spent with a single parent was in childhood or adulthood and whether there were multiple family structure transitions over the course of childhood and adolescence. The specific findings lend support primarily to the socialization and instability explanations, but do not support the social control explanation. As single parenthood became more common over the course of this century, the effects of family structure on marriage timing appears to be changing as well. The effects on early marriage largely remain but the effects on delayed marriage, compared to those from two-parent families, has generally declined.
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Mkhabela, Happy. "The effects and human rights implications of the dissolution of a Swazi customary law marriage." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65689.
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Livingstone, John D. "Spirituality and religious support as buffers against the negative effects of marital distress on ambulatory blood pressure /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2319.pdf.
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Peterson, Sarahfina Aubrey. "The Effect of Social Media on Public Awareness and Extra-Judicial Effects| The Gay Marriage Cases and Litigating for New Rights." Thesis, Portland State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1572110.
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When the Supreme Court grants new rights, public awareness is a crucial part of enforcement. Gerald N. Rosenberg and Michael J. Klarman famously criticized minority rights organizations for attempting to gain new rights through the judiciary. The crux of their argument relied heavily on the American media's scanty coverage of Court issues and subsequent low public awareness of Court cases. Using the 2013 United States v. Windsor and Hollingsworth v. Perry rulings as a case study, I suggest that the media environment has changed so much since Rosenberg and Klarman were writing that their theories warrant reconsideration. Minority rights groups now have access to social media, a potentially powerful tool with which to educate the public about the Supreme Court and new rights granted by the Court.
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Peterson, Sarahfina Aubrey. "The Effect of Social Media on Public Awareness and Extra-Judicial Effects: The Gay Marriage Cases and Litigating for New Rights." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2086.
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When the Supreme Court grants new rights, public awareness is a crucial part of enforcement. Gerald N. Rosenberg and Michael J. Klarman famously criticized minority rights organizations for attempting to gain new rights through the judiciary. The crux of their argument relied heavily on the American media's scanty coverage of Court issues and subsequent low public awareness of Court cases. Using the 2013 United States v. Windsor and Hollingsworth v. Perry rulings as a case study, I suggest that the media environment has changed so much since Rosenberg and Klarman were writing that their theories warrant reconsideration. Minority rights groups now have access to social media, a potentially powerful tool with which to educate the public about the Supreme Court and new rights granted by the Court.
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Clark, Miriam Grace. "Effects of Cohabitation on Children of Latino Americans." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3419.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of cohabitation on children in kindergarten and how this varies by race. Many researchers have shown that children being raised in cohabiting families do not perform as well as children being raised in married parent families (Manning and Seltzer 2009; Artis 2007; Raley et al 2005). Furthermore, demographic trends show that cohabitation among Latinos is very similar to marriage, whereas among whites they are two very different things (Choi and Seltzer 2009). My research combines these two ideas to investigate how cohabitation may affect Latino children differently than it affects white children in terms of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. I hypothesize that though whites will be negatively affected by cohabitation, Latinos will not have this negative effect. Evidence supports hypotheses and suggests that, indeed, Latino children are not as negatively affected by cohabitation as Whites.
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Williams, Kristi Lynn. "The effects of marital status and marital quality on mental and physical health : a re-evaluation and clarification of gender differences /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Norsworthy, Jase Owen Jr. "The effects of introversion/extraversion and relational maintenance strategy preference on marital satisfaction." Scholarly Commons, 2001. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/557.
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This study investigated the effects of extraversion and maintenance strategy choice on perceived relational satisfaction in marital dyads. Three research questions were addressed in this study. RQ #1 examined the relationship between extraversion and maintenance strategy preference. RQ #2 examined the various introvert/extravert (i/e) combinations to determine if satisfaction was reported higher or lower in any of the dyad combinations. RQ #3 investigated the correlation between maintenance strategy choice and satisfaction. Participants (71 married couples with diverse ages and lengths of marriage) were administered three measures for evaluation: a marital satisfaction measure, an i/e measure, and a maintenance strategy assessment. It was anticipated that individuals characterized by different degrees of extraversion would rely on different relational maintenance strategies to restore marital equity. Out of five groupings of relational maintenance strategies (assurances, positivity, reliance on social networks, openness, and sharing tasks), a statistically significant correlation was found to exist only between extraversion and reliance on social networks. The correlation suggests that the more extraverted a person is, the more he/she will attempt to use communication and disclosure techniques with common friends and family to help maintain the marital relationship. Within the context of reported marital satisfaction, no statistically significant differences were found to exist between any of the four marital pairings for i!e in marital dyads. This finding informs us that marital satisfaction, in and of itself, does not appear to have any significant relationship to the i/e dynamic. Finally, three of the maintenance strategies (positivity, networking, and assurances) were significantly correlated with marital satisfaction. The assurances strategy, in particular, was an especially strong correlate, revealing that couples who use assuring maintenance strategies in their communication report higher satisfaction in their marriages.
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Hendrie, Barbara. "'Now the people are like a lord' : local effects of revolutionary reform in a Tigray village, northern Ethiopia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1318003/.
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The thesis examines aspects of social change in rural Tigray, northern Ethiopia. It is based on fieldwork conducted between February 1993 and February 1995 in two villages located on the south central highland plateau: Enda Mariyam, and Tegula. The majority of fieldwork was conducted in Enda Mariyam - a village of some 228 farming households - and spanned two complete agricultural years. The thesis considers the local implications of reform measures implemented by nationalist rebels - the Tigray People's Liberation Front - as part of a revolutionary agenda for the transformation of 'traditional' Ethiopian peasant society. These measures included, most notably, land tenure reform, as well as changes in customary law and the re-organisation of rural administration. In addition, campaigns were mounted aimed at modifying certain aspects of peasant practice. In the context of a village-based ethnography, the thesis aims to qualify the most significant effects of these measures on social life and livelihoods. A key concern is how reform measures have affected the relationship between subsistence-oriented production, social organisation, and social stratification. In a setting where agricultural inputs - including land, oxen, and seed - are scarce, differential abilities amongst farming households to access agricultural inputs informs the pattern of social relationships. In this context, land reform is intimately linked to changes in the dynamics of wealth differentiation and social stratification in the village. The implications for the position of 'big men' and cultural notions of status-honour are considered. Together with land reform, reform of customary law in the area of marriage and divorce has wrought subtle but important changes in marriage and divorce practices, and the nature of intra-household relationships. It is argued that public campaigns for the 'emancipation' of women have probably had less effect on the ability of women to exert power within marriage, than the economic penalties that men now face upon divorce. Attempts to modify peasant religious practice are also examined, including efforts to minimise the number of holidays in the Ethiopian Orthodox calendar. The outcome of these attempts is explored in terms of notions of disaster and risk, the traditional authority of the Church, and the fragmentation of consensus around religious practice in the village.
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Heath, Michelle. "Radiation Stigma, Mental Health and Marriage Discrimination: The Social Side-Effects of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12994.
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The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster that occurred in March of 2011 has not only strongly affected the environment and economy in Japan; it has also impacted the social and psychological well-being of the people of Fukushima Prefecture. Radiation stigma was a problem for the survivors of the A-bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and those with mental health issues have occasionally been subject to discrimination and inadequate treatment. These appear to be similar issues facing those affected in Fukushima, according to news articles covering the nuclear disaster. In interviews conducted with Japanese citizens, it appears that although mental health problems do exist among those affected, mental health discrimination was not reported to be a problem. Some reported specific examples of radiation stigma, and many interviewees revealed that marriage discrimination could certainly become a problem in the future, particularly for women exposed to radiation.
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Bird, Michael Larry. "Christian premarital counseling and the efficacy of group training versus conjoint training utilizing the Couple Communication program a project and study employing a premarital skills-based program and measuring its effects upon relationship satisfaction, confidence and adjustment with an evangelical population /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Stevens, Sam. "The intergenerational effects of family expressiveness on marital communication and conflict behaviors." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/master's/STEVENS_SAM_1.pdf.
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Chibici-Revneanu, Claudia. "A masculine circle : the charter myth of genius and its effects on women writers." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/58639/.
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This dissertation examines the concept of artistic genius and its workings as a functional ‘charter myth’, helping to inscribe, enhance and perpetuate discriminative practices against women within the field of literature in general and novel writing in particular. As an active agent as well as symbolic representation of some core patriarchal values such as the innate supremacy and thus justified dominance of men, the concept of genius operates in the following manner: Firstly, through its multiple mythical elements such as the untruth of its affirmations surrounding creativity combined with a paradoxical ability to nevertheless produce evidence for its seeming accuracy; its inherent narrative structure featuring a prescribed genius hero and tale and the latter’s powerful mythical allure, all of which help to push the prominence of genius despite its continued academic deconstruction. Secondly, through the subtle yet powerful gendering of the protagonist and plot pattern it provides, containing a clear blue-print for a hero with a male body complemented or opposed by a subordinate, non-genius female. This gendered mythical pattern directly affects women writers in a variety of manners. On the one hand, it assists the lastingly biased reception of women authors, pre-imposing genius-inscribed beliefs of female inferiority onto literary judgments, thus cyclically perpetuating that belief. On the other – and most importantly for this thesis – the myth of genius also has an inward bearing on many female writers, impeding their creative process and development especially through the myth’s complex interaction with self-confidence as one of the core features necessary for a successful completion of literary projects such as novels.
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Yamokoski, Alexis. "Wealth inequality effects of gender, marital status, and parenthood on asset accumulation /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180542629.
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Green, Marcus. "Social networks and residential mobility in later life : the effects of moving on social network supportive capacity amongst older people in the UK." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/368007/.
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This is an interdisciplinary PhD research project, spanning the ESRC Centre for Population Change and the Centre for Research on Ageing. Using British Household Panel Survey data, the thesis aims to prove that undertaking a residential move changes the supportive capacity of one’s social network in later life. The study first investigates the determinants of moving home in later life. It then conceptualises and constructs the social networks of older people in the UK, considering key attributes such as network size, frequency, proximity and functions and examines the effects of moving home on these measures. The analysis finds that the incidence of residential mobility is associated with, amongst other things, becoming widowed and experiencing a negative change in health or financial circumstance. Furthermore older people are likely to experience disruption to the supportive capacity of their companionship and community networks following a move. This research has important implications for policy as any damaging effects on an older person’s informal support network may have consequences for their health outcomes and in turn lead to an increased dependence on formal health and social care services at the places to which they move.
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Cartwright, Kim. "The relationship between child ADHD and maternal expressed emotion : a longitudinal analysis of child and family effects." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/365631/.
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High parental expressed emotion (EE) is often associated with ADHD in childhood. However, the direction of causation in the relationship is not well understood: is it the behaviour of the child with ADHD (i.e., child effects) or shared characteristics of the parent or family more generally that are independent of a specific child (i.e., family effects) that predict parental EE? Furthermore, does parental EE predict child problems over time? In this thesis, child and family effects on maternal EE and child problems and the specific child and family characteristics that explain these effects were examined using cross-sectional and longitudinal multilevel models of sibling pair data in families of children with ADHD sampled from a longitudinal study. The results revealed a complex picture with both child and family effects implicated in predicting both maternal EE and child behaviour. Studies 1 and 2 (which cross-sectionally used Time 1 [T1; n = 72 families] and Time 2 [T2] data [n = 48 families] respectively) and the longitudinal analysis of Study 3 (n = 45 families) demonstrated that, except for warmth, child effects were stronger in predicting maternal EE. Child effects seemed to be driven by oppositional/conduct problems (OPP/CP) and emotional problems, rather than ADHD per se. Mothers’ depressive symptoms and overall family levels of child OPP/CP largely predicted family effects on maternal EE. Study 4 (n = 45 families), the second longitudinal analysis, found similar T1 child and family effects on T2 child problems. Increase in negative maternal EE from T1 to T2 significantly predicted T2 child OPP/CP. T1 family effects on T2 child problems were predominantly predicted by T1 maternal ADHD symptoms and average family (i.e., sibling pair) levels of EE. The results suggested a potential causal role of both child (especially OPP/CP) and family effects (especially average family levels of child OPP/CP) in predicting maternal EE. In addition, high EE may be a risk factor for child OPP/CP over time and maternal ADHD for both behavioural and emotional child problems. This may have important clinical implications for interventions with families of children with ADHD.
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Li, Lisa, and Jakob Vyth. "Effects of Different Worker Heuristics in Marriage in Honey Bees Optimization : As Applied to the Graph Coloring Problem." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229681.
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Marriage in Honey Bees Optimization (MBO) is an interesting meta-heuristic inspired by the mating process of honey bees, where worker bees are collectively responsible for raising the next generation of the colony. In MBO, worker bees are represented by heuristics that are used to navigate the search space. This thesis investigates the effects of three worker heuristics in different combinations, in an implementation of MBO applied to the Graph Coloring Problem (GCP). GCP was chosen due to its application to real life problems, for instance scheduling. The worker heuristics included were a greedy algorithm, GREEDYRECOLOR, and the two tabu searches PARTIALCOL and TABUCOL. The different combinations were tested on known GCP benchmarks. MBO was found to utilize the strengths of each worker available where needed. Including GREEDYRECOLOR was not useful on average. PARTIALCOL was found to be the best overall worker. However, there were indications that using both PARTIALCOL and TABUCOL might be beneficial.Marriage in Honey Bees Optimization (MBO) är en intressant meta-heuristik inspirerad av honungsbiets parningsritual, där arbetsbin tillsammans är ansvariga för att föda upp kolonins nästa generation. I MBO representeras arbetsbin av heuristiker som används för att navigera ett problems lösningsrum. Denna uppsats undersöker effekterna av att använda tre heuristiker i olika kombinationer i en MBO applicerat på Graffärgningsproblemet (GCP). GCP valdes för dess applicerbarhet på verkliga problem, så som schemaläggning. Heuristikerna som användes var en girig algoritm, GREEDYRECOLOR, samt de två tabusökningsheuristikerna PARTIALCOL och TABUCOL. Alla olika kombinationer testades på kända probleminstanser av GCP. Resultaten visade att MBO använder sig av heuristikernas individuella styrkor. Att inkludera GREEDYRECOLOR var inte gångbart i genomsnitt. Den bästa heuristiken överlag visade sig vara PARTIALCOL. Dock fanns indikationer på att använda PARTIALCOL tillsammans med TABUCOL kan vara fördelaktigt.
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Nielson, L. Reece. "Family and Clinician Effects on Costs of Psychiatric Emergency Services Dispositions." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26724.
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Families play a key role in psychiatric emergency services (PES). Given the cost of PES in terms of dollars and restrictiveness, clients, families, providers, payers, and policymakers involved in these services need more understanding of how families affect these key PES outcomes. Marriage and family therapy theories offer frameworks for understanding family and provider system dynamics in PES. This study explores how family presence and family quality influence restrictiveness and cost of PES dispositions, and how they moderate the effect of suicide risk, homicide risk, and inability to care for self on those outcomes. The sample of 306 clients and 33 clinicians was drawn from the records of a mobile PES unit serving a rural area. A regression-based, quantitative methodology, Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM), was employed to explore associations between restrictiveness and client risk and family factors, as well as differences in dispositions between PES clinicians. In order to extend practical implications, the same questions were also examined in monetary terms by translating restrictiveness into cost of dispositions. Results show inability to care for self and suicide risk to be the strongest predictors of increased restrictiveness and cost. Family quality appeared to reduce restrictiveness but not cost and only when not considering interactions with individual risk factors. When interactions were considered, family quality exhibited a statistically significant disordinal interaction with inability to care for self. That is, when clients were unable to care for self, positive family quality worked toward increasing restrictiveness and cost, perhaps due to families seeking help for the client. However, when clients were able to care for self, positive family quality worked in the opposite direction (i.e., toward reducing restrictiveness and cost). Theoretical and practical implications of this interaction were considered. There was found no significant variability in dispositions and associated costs between clinicians, which may be evidence of standardized clinician training and procedures. Non-standardized instrumentation, lack of comparison with other programs or sites, and limited cell sample size are limitations of the study. This study shows the complexity of family systems in PES and provides basis for recommendations for future research and clinical practice.Ph. D.
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Walwyn, Martin Melanie. "The development of self-criticism and the effects of self-compassion and mindfulness on the well-being of mothers." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/49352/.
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This research thesis main focus was examining parental factors in the development of self-criticism in young people and role of mindfulness, self-compassion and compassion to others, play in the psychological well-being of mothers. Chapter one is a literature review of twelve empirical studies exploring the role of parental factors in the development of self-criticism in young people. The findings from this review show an association between parental self-critical personality style and parenting behaviours, which in turn are associated with levels of self-criticism in their offspring. This review highlights the potential importance of parent and carer interventions aimed at modifying the parents’ and children’s self-critical behaviours and attitudes. The literature review has been prepared for submission to the Clinical Psychology Review (see Appendix A,‘Guide for Authors’). Chapter two is a quantitative, empirical study. The study explored maternal levels of mindfulness, self-compassion, and compassion to others; and their association with psychological well-being and parental stress. Mothers were invited to participate via the internet and completed questionnaires on-line. Higher levels self-compassion and mindfulness were found to predict maternal psychological well-being and lower levels of maternal stress. Clinical implications and areas for future research are discussed alongside methodological limitations. The empirical study has been prepared for submission to Self and Identity (see Appendix A, ‘Guide for Authors’). Chapter three is a reflective account of the research thesis as a whole. The paper’s focus is on the importance of reflection, self-compassion and mindfulness on personal and professional development. Methodological issues arising from conducting quantitative research are discussed. This paper has not been prepared for publication.
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Rudd, Karen Sue. "Expected Happiness, Love, and Longevity of Marriage: Effects of Wedding Type Preference, Gender, and Location of the Wedding Ceremony." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0327103-135946/unrestricted/RuddK041103f.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--East Tennessee State University, 2003.Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0327103-135946. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Sherwood, Katie. "Understanding the gendered effects of war on women : impact on resilience and identity in African cultures." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3259/.
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Chapter one examines literature on the prevalence and effects of gender-based violence during war on women and men. Research indicates that physical, psychological and socio-cultural consequences of gender-based and sexual violence are fundamentally linked and have a differential impact on men and women's identities. Despite research demonstrating psychological symptoms of post traumatic stress as a result of these experiences, it is argued that applying a western medical model to survivors from non-western countries may not be the most comprehensive way of understanding their experiences. A model that accounts for the cultural context, gendered differences and identity impact is proposed. Very few studies reviewed addressed resilience and coping in survivors of gender based violence indicating a gap in the psychological literature. Chapter two explores African women's experiences of violence during conflict and seeks to identify its impact on mental health. It also provides an understanding of the roles of resilience, coping and identity in African refugee women. Results identified a complex relationship between resilience, access to rights and support and identity in African refugees living in the United Kingdom. It also recognised cultural and societal influences in Africa and experiences in the UK as influential factors. Results from the study support the move toward an holistic model of understanding refugee women's experiences. The study also reveals the importance of support services assisting women to utilise a resilience framework to assist rebuilding their identities in order to maintain resilience. Chapter three provides personal reflections on the research journey and process. Methodological and ethical issues related to conducting research with refugees are discussed. The paper also draws on emerging themes from a reflective journal, which highlights the challenges and positive experiences of the researcher whilst volunteering for a local refugee centre. It also makes suggestions about further considerations of these issues by Clinical Psychologists within research supervision processes.
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Mead, Nicole L. "Personality Predictors of Relationship Satisfaction among Engaged and Married Couples: An Analysis of Actor and Partner Effects." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd911.pdf.
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Jensen, Bryan J. "Communal and Exchange Relationships in Marriage and Their Effects on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Caucasians and Foreign-born Mexican Americans." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3021.
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Research shows Mexican Americans typically have better cardiovascular health than European Americans, despite being relatively economically disadvantaged. Given research indicating the importance of relationship quality on one's health, the present study examined whether certain relationship orientations (e.g. communal or exchange) were more prevalent in different ethnic groups and if these orientations could help explain this Hispanic Paradox. 582 adults were recruited from the community. Participants were primarily European American (40%) and foreign-born Mexican Americans (55%). A cross-sectional designed was used where participants wore 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitors and completed self-report measures of relationship satisfaction and relationship orientation. Results indicated that, contrary to predictions, European Americans tended to have more of a communal relationship orientation compared to foreign-born Mexican Americans. As expected however, communal orientation was predictive of higher relationship satisfaction, β = .29, SE = .07, p < .001, 95% CI [.15, .43], and while higher relationship satisfaction predicted lower systolic blood pressure, R2 = .02, β = -.16, SE = .07, p < .05, 95% CI [-.31, -.01], when ethnicity was added into the model this relationship was eliminated and foreign-born Mexican Americans had higher ABP compared to European Americans, β = 4.72, SE = 2.25, p < .05, 95% CI [.29, 9.14]. While there were these important differences, communal and exchange orientations had minimal direct or indirect effects on ABP. Even though communal and exchange relationship orientation don't seem to give us any more information to unravel the Hispanic Paradox, there are important ethnic differences in how we engage in marriage relationships and future research may consider other approaches to examine the health effects of these differences.
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Iacovou, Jacqueline. "What are the effects of parental problem drinking?" Thesis, City, University of London, 2011. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/18050/.
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The study explores the life experiences of seven adult children of problem drinkers (ACOPDs). Semi-structured interviews were conducted covering four main areas: experiences as a child; experiences as an adult; impact on life; and coping mechanisms. In order to gain an in-depth understanding of the participants’ experiences, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used. Five master themes were extracted from the data, namely: parent / child relationships; communication problems; coping mechanisms; the road to recovery; and impact on the self. Each master theme also consisted of a number of interrelated subthemes. Of all the master themes, coping mechanisms was by far the most prevalent with participants using numerous ways of dealing with parental problem drinking (PPD) such as avoidance, and trying to keep their parent’s drinking problem a secret from other people. The findings indicated that whilst many within group difference existed in the sample of participants, such as cultural background and status of parental drinking, many common themes still emerged. Moreover, the severity of PPD did not influence the findings to any great extent. A number of the participants’ problem drinking parents (PDPs) drank to excess on a daily basis whereas for others consumption was far less, a maximum of three to four units per evening. To conclude, participants’ accounts indicated a preference towards informal over professional forms of support. This has important implications for the counselling psychology profession such as a need to improve and increase the services available to both children of problem drinkers (COPDs) and ACOPDs.
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Addison, Sheila Marie. "Queering the discussion: a Delphi study of the effects of GLBT identity and queer theory on marriage and family therapy /." Related electronic resource:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1342734501&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3739&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Mondragon, Jenny Carolina. "The Effects of Family Stressors on Depression in Latino Adolescents as Mediated by Interparental Conflict." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6603.
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Extensive literature suggests that Latino youth experience higher levels of depression when compared to youth from other ethnic backgrounds yet relatively little is known regarding why this particular population is especially susceptible to depression. This study focused on family level stressors and the link between interparental conflict and adolescent depressive symptoms in Latino families. The sample consisted of 400 girls and 290 boys, they were distributed into four groups based on gender and family structure. Written surveys were completed in their respective English classes measuring the aforementioned variables. Results indicated a significant relationship across all four groups between family stressors and interparental conflict, along with interparental conflict and depression. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Lamptey, Enoch. "Marital Status and Health Outcomes in a Developing Country: Exploring the Contextual Effects of Marriage, Gender, Children, and Lineal Ties on Subjective Health in Ghana." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1499106117494519.
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Bailey, Claire Elizabeth. "Three papers on side effects and modern contraceptive use among women in Ghana." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/166579/.
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This thesis investigates the issue of side effects and how they may act as a barrier to the use of modern contraceptive methods among women in Ghana. Three papers are presented each addressing the issue using different sources of data and different methodologies. The disparate nature of the data sources and techniques used provides each paper with its own perspective on the research question and each paper gives a unique insight into the topic. The aim of the first paper is to use a qualitative focus group methodology to explore in-depth the way individuals perceive information about family planning. The study seeks to better define what is meant by the term fear of side effect in this particular social context and to determine on what information and from what sources is this fear constructed. Overall the findings of this study show that fear of side effects does act as a significant barrier to the use of temporary methods and these fears result mainly from a large amount of negative information regarding side effects being passed through the social network. However the events being recounted cannot be dismissed as myth or rumour as they are most often based in real experiences. The second paper uses monthly data on contraceptive use and the experience of side effects from the calendar section of a longitudinal survey of women in Southern Ghana. Using life tables and a multi-level logistic discrete-time hazards model this study analyses contraceptive discontinuation and how it relates to the concurrent self-reported experience of side effects. The results show that experiencing side effects is associated with a higher probability of discontinuation of the method and that counselling from health workers is extremely important in minimizing discontinuation rates. The third paper uses a sub-sample of women who are not current contraceptive users from the 2003 GDHS. The study uses multiple logistic regression to determine the association between exposure to family planning information, through mass media and interpersonal channels, and the probability that a respondent will cite fear of side effects as their main reason for not intending to use a contraceptive method in the future. The results show that the only family planning communication variable which does have a significant effect is receiving a message from a health worker which increases the odds of fear of side effects being the main reason for not intending to use a method in the future. Overall the socio-economic characteristics of those not intending to use a method in the future due to a fear of side effects is more similar to current users than to those who are not intending to use in the future for other reasons.
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O'Sullivan, Vincent A. "An empirical analysis of the intergenerational effects of education and policy interventions targeted at socio-economically disadvantaged students." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/51492/.
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The over-arching theme of this thesis is the effects of parental background on children and the effectiveness of policies designed to improve the academic outcomes of socioeconomically disadvantaged students. The first chapter of this thesis explores the causal link between the education of one generation and that of their children by using IV to account for the endogeneity of parental education and paternal earnings. The second chapter evaluates the effectiveness of an intervention designed to improve the academic success at university of students from socio-economically disadvantaged families. The third and final chapter examines the potential issues in expanding a programme targeted at financially poorer students beyond its initial pilot phase. Chapter One addresses the intergenerational transmission of education and investigates the extent to which early school leaving (at age 16) may be due to variations in parental background. An important contribution of the chapter is to distinguish between the causal effects of parental income and parental education levels. Least squares estimation reveals conventional results – weak effects of income (when the child is 16), stronger effects of maternal education than paternal, and stronger effects on sons than daughters. We find that the education effects remain significant even when household income is included. However, when we use instrumental variable methods to simultaneously account for the endogeneity of parental education and paternal income, only maternal education remains significant (for daughters only) and becomes stronger. These estimates are consistent to various set of instruments. The impact of paternal income varies between specifications but becomes insignificant in our preferred specification. Our results provide limited evidence that policies alleviating income constraints at age 16 can alter schooling decisions but that policies increasing permanent income would lead to increased participation (especially for daughters). Chapter Two is an evaluation of a comprehensive university access programme that provides financial, academic and social support to low socioeconomic students using a natural experiment which exploits the time variation in the expansion of the programme across high schools. Overall, we identity positive treatment effects on retention rates, exam performance and graduation rates, with the impact often stronger for higher ability students. Gender differences are also identified. We find similar results for access students entering through the standard admissions system and those entering with lower grades. This suggests that access programmes can be effective at improving academic outcomes for socioeconomically disadvantaged students. In Chapter Three, we compare the effects of the pilot implementation and the subsequent national roll-out of a large programme, the Educational Maintenance Allowance, in the UK which provides financial transfers to youth who remain in post-compulsory education. While piloting policies is becoming standard in policy evaluation, little is known of their external validity. Using a difference-in-difference-in-differences methodology and several cohorts of the Youth Cohort Study for England and Wales, we estimate the effect of the Education Maintenance Allowance on post-compulsory school participation both in the piloting stage and in its national implementation. We find that the pilot scheme and the national extension had an effect on post-16 schooling but that the evidence in support of the national extension is weaker.
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Maier, Candice Ann. "Examining the effects of gender attitudes and beliefs in the BBFM." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2114.
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Romantic relationship factors have been linked to both physical and mental health outcomes. Previous research has lacked attention not only on associations among these constructs, but on ways by which gender attitudes and beliefs impact romantic heterosexual relationships. The Biobehavioral Family Model (BBFM) is a biopsychosocial approach to health that integrates couple/family emotional climate, biobehavioral reactivity (emotion regulation), and physical health outcomes into one comprehensive model. The present study was conducted to examine the ability of the BBFM to explain connections between couple processes and health while integrating an additional construct of gender attitudes and beliefs. The sample consisted of 595 adults (age range 18-65+ years) who have been in committed romantic relationships for at least two years. Data were collected through online surveys which asked participants about their relationship satisfaction, mental health symptoms, physical health, and attitudes and beliefs about gender in relationships. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to test measures of romantic partner emotional climate, gender attitudes and beliefs, biobehavioral reactivity, and disease activity. Structural equation modeling was used to test associations among all constructs. Results demonstrated some support for the BBFM in explaining health quality for the sample. Specifically, romantic partner emotional climate was positively associated with biobehavioral reactivity, and gender attitudes and beliefs were significantly associated with both biobehavioral reactivity and disease activity. Applying the BBFM while incorporating gender attitudes and beliefs through a feminist lens demonstrates ways by which couple processes affect the mental and physical health of these individuations. Recommendations for future research and clinical implications are discussed.