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Academic literature on the topic 'Marranes – Portugal – 20e siècle'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Marranes – Portugal – 20e siècle"
Parnes, Livia. "Présences juives dans le Portugal contemporain (1820-1938)." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0113.
Full textThe present study examines multiple forms of « Jewish presence » in contemporary Portugal, particularly : the reinstallation of Jews from the beginning of the 19th century, with a special focus on the organization of the Lisbon Jewish community; the “discovey” of Marranos (1917), followed by a movement promoting their integration into Judaism; as well as the Jewish presence in literature, public opinion, political discourse. The analysis of literary texts, essays, and historiography, reveals the emergence of a new positive image of the Jew, allowing us to point out a pattern of philo-Semitic attitudes, strongly related to Portuguese liberalism and to the romantic movement that was to crystallize during the century. Our study shows the incorporation of Jewish questions, primarily anti-Semitism and Zionism, in the general modernization process of Portugal. The Portuguese reactions to the Dreyfus Affair as well as the discussions in the Portuguese parliament and Senate on a bill concerning the installation of Jews in Angola (1912-1913), confirm the growth of pro-Jewish attitudes. The movement of rejudaizing the Marranos in the 1920’s, as analyzed according to its main organ, the journal Ha-Lapid (the Torch), transforms the reality and the image of Portuguese Judaism. Received rather favourably by the government, it roused mixed reactions inside the Jewish population in Portugal as well as in a number of Portuguese national circles. The examination of some modern anti-Semitic theories developed in the country during these years discloses the Portuguese unique variant of the phenomena, as well as its marginality in the regime of the Estado Novo, just before the Second World War
Marques, João Filipe. "Je ne suis pas raciste, mais. . . : du "non-racisme" portugais aux deux racismes des portugais." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0028.
Full textPortugal -despite what the portuguese may think - does not seem to constitute an exception regarding racist attitudes and behaviours in Europe. Quite the opposite, this research could even conclude that racism in its "blatant" version is a part of the everyday life of many people. Although kept on a "non-politic" level, racism does exist in portuguese society. There is a number of questions surrounding this problem which deserve to be formulated : how is racism shown in the portuguese society? What kind of logics does it obeys? What are its present-day and historical sources? The main victims of the racism of the portuguese are africam immigrants and gypsis. But these two categories of are not victim of the same sort of racism. The typological methodology that was used in this research can distinguish between the two ideal types of racism existing today in the portuguese society. The kind of racism suffered by the immigrants clearly obeys the logic of "inferiorisation" or "assimilationist" whose sources are found in the colonial past of the country, as weel as in the prejudices inherited from that same past. Regarding the gypsies, the situation is radically different. They are today victims of a form of racism with its roots in the "diferentialist" or "exclusion" logic. No place in society is given to them, no economical function and no interaction space. The sources of this diferentialist rejection are both found in the dissolution of the typical modes of life of this collective and in the simultaneous transformations of the portuguese society
Silva, Helena Sofia Rodrigues Ferreira da. "Soigner à l'hôpital : histoire de la profession infirmière au Portugal (1886-1955)." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0020.
Full textThe aim of this work is to analyse the historical process of the hospital nursing professionalization in Portugal by defining its original characteristics, despite the French and British influences. Several factors contributed to the development of nursing as a profession especially the continuous changes in the Portuguese political and religious situation, the progress in medicine and hospitals' improvements. This. Analysis starts by describing the Portuguese historical background, underlining the role played by several religious orders and institutions such as the Misericordias in the care of the sick when nursing becomes a profession. The development of nursing as a profession requires first a training, then the organisation of a restricted group, socially recognized and with a unique identity. The existing original characteristics are revealed by examining the nursing schools from their creation until their standardisation in Portugal, pointing out their organisation as well as the training they provided. The profile and the results of the students of two private nursing schools (managed by Oporto's and Braga'sMisericordias) will be analysed in detail. We will study the evolution of the nursing profession until its regulation and the creation of a system controlling its practice. The nursing associations and their publications will also be taken into account since they contributed to exchange knowledge and to reinforce the group identity. Finally, the analysis of nursing practice at the Hospital GeraI de Santo Antonio (Oporto) enables us to understand how this practice evolved and what changed for the nursing professionals
Léonard, Yves. "Salazarisme, nationalisme et idée coloniale au Portugal." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0008.
Full textThe first part focuses on the colonial idea presented as the keystone of salazarism. It shows how the national sentiment becomes consubstantial of the colonial idea, throughout the intense impreial mystic orchestrated by the salazarist propaganda in the 1930s, to the extent of asserting itself as the intangible base of the regime. The second part focuses on the question of the salazarist regime nature presented as close to a conservative authoritarianism much than fascism, emphasizing the key figure, central and complex, of the dictator. The third part focuses on the posterity of salazarism and its memory in democratic Portugal, since the revolution of April 1974. The European choice, consequence both of the decolonization and of the institutionalization of the democracy, allowed the Portuguese to override the brutal disappearance of centuries-old overseas, without creating, till yet, an absolute war of memories
Nabais, Ramos Manuel. "Structurations et mutations territoriales au Portugal : XIXe et XXe siècles : pour une gestion administrative et politique des espaces." Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30016.
Full textWe wanted to outline the history of the organization of the administrative and politic areas in Portugal. What we try to understand, it is the way the national portuguese area has made evolution since the start of the 19th century in its structure of territorial and administrative divisions, that constitutes in fact and in law, its national logic. The modalities od the apportionnement of the power at the local administrative grade, the one of the "Concelho" and one of the "Freguesia", in the various phasis of the restructuration, are iteratives joining that we frequently refer to
Leite, Joana Pereira. "La formation de l'économie coloniale au Mozambique : pacte colonial et industrialisation : du colonialisme portugais aux réseaux informels de sujétion marchande : 1930-1974." Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0008.
Full textAnalysis of the process of the making and development of the colonial economy in mozambique from 1930 to 1974. The study will approach the subject through two basic routes. On the one hand, the aim is to expose the underlying historical trends which lie at the origin of the structuring of the country's economic base. These are viewed as being the product of tree greater dynamics to be investgated: portuguese colonisation, the links between mozambique and southern africa and the particular nature of the place of mozambique's economy in the world context. On the other hand, our object is the economic transformation process from the 30's onwards which is the central focus of the work in hand, in which field we will try, above all, to identify the changes in the export economy. Thus we will seek both to shed light on the natue of the colonial pact put into practice in east africa by the estdo novo, and to perceive the particular characteristics of the industrial development which took place in post-war mozambique, and above all from the 60 onwards. We conclude with an assessement of the economic exploitation of mozambique which brings us back to the problem of its integration in southern africa. In effect the high value placed on the transit and emigration economy played a decisive role in the economic reproduction of the last portuguese empire
Catteau, Prune Iris. "Le Portugal à Paris : médiations et représentations de 1880-1914." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28011.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the study of Portugal’s literary and cultural presence in Paris from 1880 to 1914. Since the rise of the French press, Paris is an essential hub for the cultural and literary organization networks, both nationally and internationally, not only owing to the universal consecration it earned in the arts and literature but also because this capital city symbolizes creative freedom, inspiration and the meeting place of choice. Portuguese intellectuals, writers, diplomats and students travel or move to Paris to soak up the unique atmosphere, to learn, to bring back a number of ideas in their country but mainly to promote their culture and identity. Cosmopolitanism and nationalism are two major factors that foster not only bilateral exchanges but also a link between the two brotherly nations, as verified by pro-Latin and pro-republican Franco-Portuguese journal publications. This study, first of all, allows one to understand the activities and achievements of Parisian mediators of Portuguese culture, and to analyze these transfers in terms of their material aspects (media used, periodicity, distribution, networks). Furthermore, the analysis focuses on the discursive production that emanates from this context while paying attention to Portugal’s stagings and representations in Paris. Our intend to cover the field at best leads us to also consider so-called minor productions (literary event programs, invitations, posters, flyers). Some researchers, especially French (Pageaux 1984, Piwnik 2008, Quint 2006, Rivas 2015), have studied Franco-Portuguese literary and cultural relations, showing these exchanges’ importance without, however, focusing on intellectual weaving in general at the turn of the century. In addition, recent research has shown the extent of an international press development movement at the end of the nineteenth century without paying special attention to Portuguese implication (Thérenty and Vaillant 2010, Cooper-Richet, 2016). Since 1880 until the advent of World War I, Paris is interested in more than only Portugal's exoticism but by the specificity of its modern literature, especially through French and Portuguese Symbolists’ reciprocity and through various cultural agents established in Paris. The Paris of The Belle Epoque takes part in a real transformation in Portugal’s representation in France, namely the transition from a mythical depiction based on Portugal’s glorious past discoveries to a contemporary depiction conveyed by poetry, politics, travel and exhibitions. Camões as a political, historical and literary symbol of Portugal is renewed in France thanks to the tercentenary celebrations of his death in 1880 and sets the beginning of a new era in Portugal’s representation in France. Camões, in the mainstream press, in the press vanguard and in the institutional press, not only represents an epic national glory but he also symbolizes the whole country, the people, the nation, all social classes, the national soul, the Republican center and Coimbra’s academic class. While the Franco-Portugal relations culminated thanks to those Portuguese prints published in French by 1900 and to the proclamation of the Portuguese Republic in 1910, Camões brings universal consecration to Portugal and to a worshiped Europe : his bust is unveiled near the Eiffel tower in 1912 and a literary society “Les amis de Camoens”, composed of many French intellectuals (Anatole France, Pierre Loti), is founded and prints a journal on this bilateral literary friendship that lasts until 1914. In short, this work analyzes the media initiatives launched by some Portuguese in Paris, cultural and literary networks, social exchanges and interactions that underlie them. The main contribution of this work for research will be to provide a view which is as comprehensive as possible of Portugal’s literary and cultural presence in Paris and of its representation at a time when France and its capital city is a hub and a key intellectual model.
Vallez, Nathalie. "Présence et vie quotidienne des juifs dans le Sud-Ouest aquitain des années vingt aux lendemains de la Seconde Guerre mondiale." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20093.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the presence and the destiny of the Jewish communities in the South-West of France from the 1920s to the post-war period through the communal life in three coastal departments : Gironde, Landes and Basses-Pyrénées. This population, constituted of former “marranes” who arrived from the sixteenth century in successive waves of immigrations, claims to have a privileged place within the French Judaism. However, they suffered from persecutions like the other French Jews. The first part entitled “Daily Life, Theory and Practice” is devoted to methodological issues relatives to historiography, the concept of daily life and the critical presentation of the sources. The second part entitled “Presence and History” describes and explains the daily life of Jews in Bordeaux, Bayonne and the countryside during the 1920s and the 1930s, from the settlement of the “Portugueses” in the region. In the reconstruction of the Jewish life, we intended to place the emphasis on the local and historical heritage of the South-Western Jews while replacing them in the framework of the contemporary history of the French Jewry. The communal space reflected a cumulative identity, composed of the different elements of local Judaism. The third part entitled “Daily Jew” shows the confrontation of old and already weakened communities with the “Shoah”. The daily life of Jews during four years of German Occupation becomes a changering and breaking period. This part underlines the differences of experiences and the various perceptions of events. The fourth part entitled “Recomposition, Identities and Memories” presents the transformations resulting of the Occupation. The representatives of local Judaism didn't succeed in integrating the Shoah's dimension in their system of representations from the past. The coming of Jews from North Africa, perceived as a moment of intense crisis, accelerated the disappearance of the Portuguese's model. A new identity sprang from this confrontation and from the consequences of the persecutions
Gonzalez, Alvaredo Facundo. "Hauts revenus : une perspective historique et fiscale : les cas de l'Espagne, l'Argentine, l'Italie et le Portugal." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0122.
Full textThe evolution of income and wealth inequality during the process of development has attracted enormous attention in the economics literature. A number of recent studies have constructed series for shares of income accruing to upper income groups for various countries using income tax statistics. The book recently edited by Atkinson and Piketty, 2007, where most or' those studies are gathered, is an example of such interest. The countries considered are Anglo-Saxon countries (United Kingdom, Ireland, United States, Canada, New Zealand and Australia) and continental European countries (France, Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland). Research has also been done on the experiences of India, Japan, Sweden, Finland, Norway, China and Indonesia. No such study has analyzed Southern European or Latin American countries. This work proposes to start filling this gap by analyzing the experiences of Spain, Portugal, Italy and Argentina over the XXth century
Vidal, Frédéric. "Les habitants d'Alcântara au début du XXe siècle : identité, proximités et distances sociales dans un quartier industrialisé de Lisbonne." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/vidal_f.
Full textThis study focuses on a Lisbon neighbourhood, the evolution of which provides a clear example of the process of industrialisation that occurred in large European cities throughout the 19th century, through the development of an economy of agglomeration. This specific social environment is approached from the point of view of its inhabitants. At the beginning of the 20th century Alcântara was a predominantly workers' neighbourhood, although all the documentary evidence points to a much more socially diversified population. This study is particularly interested in the forms of social cohesion of a heterogeneous population made up of a variety of socio-professional groups with different migratory backgrounds. The relationships of one group of inhabitants from this neighbourhood, reconstructed through registries of births and baptisms, provide an understanding of different forms of social structure on a micro-local scale