Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Marngar'
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Lyngwa, Clara. "Marngar of the bhoi area: anthropological study." Thesis, North-Eastern Hill University, 1993. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/3598.
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Lyngwa, Clara. "The Marngar of the Bhoi area: an anthropological study." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1993. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/149.
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Alaimo, Elisabetta <1989>. "Community, Religion and Chance: A Thematic Reading of George Eliot's Silas Marner." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/7731.
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This dissertation aims at analysing George Eliot’s Silas Marner (1861), examining its main themes and how they are addressed in the two spatial settings of the novel, namely the urban Lantern Yard and the rural Raveloe. The eponymous protagonist’s life is divided between these two districts, which have two completely opposite views of life, both of which strongly influence Silas’s existence.
There will be an introductory chapter discussing two of the most debated critical issues concerning Silas Marner, that is to say its literary genre, which can be described as hybrid, and its “dualistic” structure.
The second chapter, instead, will introduce the two communities, explaining their characteristics and those attributes which, instead, sanction the exclusion and alienation from them. The chapter will also deal with Silas’s experiences of inclusion and alienation in both places and with Silas’s conception of work as a mean of alienating himself.
Chapter three will analyse the diametrically opposite religious views of both communities and the impact both have not only on the life of each community, but also on Silas and on his growth.
The last chapter will consider the role of chance within the novel and how each of the main character interpret the events which befall them. The final part of the dissertation will deal with history, either for what concerns the way in which characters consider their past, but also for what concerns the limited human understanding of present events.
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Vos, Stephanie. "Exploring displacement as a theoretical paradigm for understanding John Joubert's opera Silas Marner." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1872.
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Thesis (MMus (Music))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In a world of increased mobility, a growing number of people find themselves in places other than those that they originate from. While a strong case has been made in various disciplines for the experiences of alienation and disruption emanating from the politically tinctured notion of exile, this thesis argues that these experiences affect all émigrés alike, be it the consequence of forced or voluntary migration. It is this study’s aim to nuance the understanding of displacement and explore the ways in which the exile discourse informs a general, less extreme discourse of voluntary displacement with specific reference to the composer John Joubert and his opera Silas Marner. In the first chapter, displacement is theorized as a doubleness or ambivalence that is important in understanding creative work done by those who have been displaced and that is informed, in the South African composer’s case, by the relationship between the centre of ‘the’ art music tradition in Europe and Britain and its ‘peripheral’ practice in South Africa. The second chapter argues the ways that notions of nationality still inform thinking about composers and their aesthetic in a time that nationality is no longer a monolithic, stable denominator. This is done with specific reference to the composer John Joubert. In the third and fourth chapters, the focus narrows to Joubert’s opera Silas Marner (op. 31), and explores displacement as a theoretical paradigm for reading and studying of the opera. The third chapter discusses the choice of subject matter of the opera and the significance of Eliot’s novel as basis for an operatic text. Finally, the fourth chapter provides a brief analysis of the opera, its conception and reception history as well as a critical discussion of the ways in which notions of displacement is present in this work.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In ‘n wêreld wat meer toeganklik as ooit tevore is, bevind mense toenemend hulself in plekke elders as waar hulle vandaan kom. Terwyl die konsep van ballingskap, met sy politiese konnotasies, al deur verskeie dissiplines bestudeer en geteoretiseer is, argumenteer hierdie tesis dat die gevoel van vervreemding en ontwrigting wat daaruit spruit deur alle emigrante beleef word, synde die gevolg van willekeurige of onwillekeurige emigrasie. Hierdie studie stel homself ten doel om die begrip van ontheemding te nuanseer en die verskeie maniere waarop die ballingskapdiskoers tersaaklik is vir ontheemding, te belig. Dit sal gedoen word met spesifieke verwysing na die komponis John Joubert en sy opera, Silas Marner (op. 31). In die eerste hoofstuk word ontheemding geteoretiseer as ‘n dubbelsinnigheid wat belangrik is in die verstaan van die ontheemde se kreatiewe werk. Die verhouding tussen die sentrum van ‘die’ kunsmusiektradisie in Europa en Brittanje en die ‘periferale’ beoefening daarvan in Suid- Afrika word as bydraend tot hierdie dubbelsinnigheid gesien. Die tweede hoofstuk argumenteer dat nasionaliteit nie meer ‘n eenduidige, stabiele aspek in die beskouing van musiek en musiekestetika verskaf nie en bedink die maniere waarop nasionaliteit steeds betrekking op musiekstudie kan hê. Dit word met spesifieke verwysing na John Joubert gedoen. In die derde en vierde hoofstukke vernou die fokus na Joubert se opera Silas Marner en word die wyses waarop ontheemding tot ‘n lesing van die opera kan bydra verken. Die derde hoofstuk behandel die keuse van onderwerp vir die opera en die belang van Eliot se roman as operateks. Die vierde hoofstuk bespreek die ontstaans- en resepsiegeskiedenis van die opera, analiseer die opera kortliks en verskaf ‘n kritiese bespreking van die wyses waarop nosies van ontheemding in die opera teenwoordig is.
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Fraissé, Thierry. "Végétalisation des zones de marnage le long des réservoirs et des cours d'eau : application à l'aménagement." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30073.
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Les zones de marnage des bords de cours d'eau et de reservoirs sont soumises a de fortes contraintes qui freinent leur colonisation naturelle par la vegetation, ce qui les rend sensibles a l'erosion. L'objectif de ce travail a ete de proposer des techniques d'amenagement permettant une implantation artificielle de vegetaux adaptes afin d'accelerer le processus de colonisation vegetal de ces zones denudees. . . .
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Malan, Marna Magdalena. "Work-related well-being of engineers in South Africa / Marna Malan." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/463.
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With the introduction of positive psychology the aim with organisational psychology
shifted to finding the 'happy/productive' worker and focusing more on work wellness.
Working as an engineer has generally been considered challenging, but tough demands
on today's engineers can cause exhaustion, which is due to a combination of personal
stressors, job and organisational stressors. However, recently the world of work has
started to change drastically - which also holds true for the engineering profession. One
of the focus areas of redress is the work-related well-being of engineers, and specifically
burnout, stress and work engagement.
This research focused on the total spectrum of wellness - from unwell-being (e.g.
burnout and stress) to well-being (e.g. work engagement). The moderating effects of
organisational commitment and dispositional optimism were investigated in order to
establish a causal model for burnout and engagement. The objectives of this research
were to standardise the MBI and the UWES for engineers, to determine the occupational
stressors of engineers and to develop and test a causal models of work-related well-being
of engineers.
The research findings are set out as four separate articles, each consisting of a brief
literature overview and an empirical study. A cross-sectional research design with a
survey as technique of data collection was used to achieve the objectives of this research.
The study population consisted of 369 engineers. A biographical questionnaire, the
Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey WI-GS), the Utrecht Work Engagement
Scale (UWES), the Job Characteristics Scale (JCS), the Organisational Stress Screening
Tool (ASSET), the Health subscales of the ASSET, the Organisational Commitment
subscale of the ASSET, and the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) were used.
Descriptive statistics, correlations, analysis of variance, factor analyses, multiple
regression analysis and structural equation modelling were used to analyse the data.
A three-factor model of burnout, comprising exhaustion, cynicism and professional
efficacy was confirmed. The internal consistencies of the scales were acceptable. The
results obtained from comparing burnout levels of various demographic groups showed
that practically significant differences existed between burnout of engineers with
different levels of job satisfaction, age, years of experience and self-rated performance.
Compared to normative data, participants reported lower levels of physical ill-health and
psychological outcomes of stress. The most important stressors identified were work-life
balance, work demands and work overload. The results do not support previous findings
that commitment has a protective effect against the negative consequences of workplace
stress. The buffer hypothesis of organisational commitment is not supported by the data.
Structural equation modelling confirmed a model of work engagement, consisting of
Vigour, Dedication and Absorption. These three factors had acceptable internal
consistencies. The results showed that the self-rated performance and job satisfaction of
engineers varied depending on their levels of work engagement. No demographic
differences regarding engagement levels could be found between the different age
groups, engineering environments, job levels and years of experience.
A good fit was found for a model in which exhaustion mediated the relationship between
job demands and ill-health, and work engagement (vigour and dedication) mediated the
relationship between job resources and organisational commitment. The results
suggested that the effect of a lack of job resources on exhaustion and the effect of job
resources on work engagement depends on the level of dispositional optimism.
Recommendations for future research were made.Thesis (Ph.D. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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Gaff, Marion. "Caractérisations physico-chimique et sensorielle de distillats d'orange amère en vue d’optimiser le procédé d’élaboratio." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA036.
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La Société des Produits Marnier-Lapostolle (SPML) souhaite acquérir une connaissance approfondie de l’influence des matières premières (écorces d’oranges amères et huiles essentielles) et du procédé (macération des matières premières dans l’alcool puis distillation) sur les caractéristiques chimiques et organoleptiques du parfum d’orange utilisé dans la fabrication des produits Grand Marnier. L’objectif pour SPML est de posséder des critères objectifs pour l’optimisation du procédé d’obtention du parfum. Pour cela, il est prévu de caractériser le rôle olfactif des molécules volatiles d’écorces d’oranges amères sur la qualité finale de l’arôme du parfum, de comprendre les mécanismes réactionnels induits lors des traitements thermiques (distillation) et de la préparation des matières premières (séchage, macération), d’étudier leur comportement au cours de la distillation, d’optimiser la concentration des composés d’arôme en tenant compte de leur solubilité dans le produit finiSociété des Produits Marnier-Lapostolle (SPML) would like to acquire in-depth knowledge of the influence of raw materials (bitter orange peels and essential oils) and of the process (maceration of raw ingrédients in alcohol and then distillation) on the chemical and organoleptic characteristics in Grand Marnier products. The aim of the work is to optimize the process for obtaining the aroma, based on objective criteria. For that purpose, it is planned to characterize the olfactory role of the volatile compounds of bitter orange peels on the final aroma quality, to understand reaction mechanisms involved during heat treatments (distillation) and preparation of raw materials (drying, maceration …), to study their behaviour during the distillation, to optimize the concentration of aroma compounds in the finished product
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Fabre, André. "Heterogeneite des sediments dans un reservoir a fort marnage et etude experimentale de la solubilisation du phosphore." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30049.
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Fabre, André. "Hétérogénéité des sédiments dans un réservoir à fort marnage et étude expérimentale de la solubilisation du phosphore." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613461m.
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Slabbert, Marna. "An analysis of staff turnover in the optometric industry / by Marna Slabbert." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2331.
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Sleiman, Hassan. "Etude du transport des chlorures dans les matériaux cimentaires non saturés : validation expérimentale sur bétons en situation de marnage." La Rochelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LAROS233.
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La dégradation des structures en béton armé par la corrosion des aciers est l'une des principales causes de la réduction de la durée de vie des ouvrages. La corrosion est due à la pénétration des chlorures qui peuvent atteindre les armatures par les fissures ou par la porosité. Le transport ionique dans la solution interstitielle des matériaux cimentaires dépend de l'état de saturation de ces matériaux. Le cas non saturé reflète plus la réalité des ouvrages marins, même s'il est moins abordé dans la littérature. L'objectif principal de ce travail est de proposer un modèle de transfert qui tient compte du couplage du transfert d'humidité et des ions de la solution interstitielle des matériaux cimentaires. Le travail est divisé en trois parties principales: la première est consacrée à l'approche théorique du problème pour établir les équations permettant de décrire le transfert ionique dans les matériaux insatures. La deuxième partie est numérique, elle consiste à résoudre les équations traduisant le transport ionique au sein du matériau soumis à une ambiance marine en cycles d'humidification et de séchage. La dernière partie est expérimentale, elle est consacrée d'une part à la mesure des paramètres d'entrée du modèle et d'autre part à sa validation. Cette dernière est réalisée pour le cas d'un matériau en situation de marnage. Le modèle est également confronté à des résultats expérimentaux de la littérature concernant des mesures d'imbibition - séchage obtenu sur des mortiersReinforced concrete structures degradation as a result of steel corrosion is one of the most important causes for the construction service life reduction. Corrosion is due to chlorides penetration which can reach the reinforcement thought cracks or porosity. The ionic transport in the pore solution of the cement based materials depends on the saturation level of those materials. The case of unsaturated materials reflects better the reality of the marine concrete strucures even if this approach is less treated in the literature. The present study has the main objective to propose a transfer model which take into account the coupling between the transport of moisture and ions in cementitious materials. This study is divided in to three principal parts: in first part, we present the theoretical approach in order to establish the transfer equations in unsaturated materials. The second part is a numerical one, and it consists in solving the transport equations within the materials submitted to the marine environment through wetting and drying cycles. The last parts is experimental, it has a goal to validate to define the inputs of the model. The validation was done in laboratory simulator where concretes were submitted to the tidal zones cycles. We have shown a good agreement between the model and the experimental results. The model is also validated by using results of literature carried out mortars submitted to imbibitions drying cycles
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Moore, Marna. "Usage analysis of dermatological products according to a medicine claims database / Marna Moore." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1026.
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A large number of people all over the world suffer from skin conditions. Dermatological
problems comprise about 10 % of a general practitioner's caseload and probably more for
pharmacists. The literature furthermore emphasises that skin diseases are becoming a significant
problem in the developing world. There is a need to establish an effective method to achieve
good health and quality of life for patients with dermatological problems.
The general objective of this study was to investigate the usage patterns and cost of
dermatological products in the private health care sector of South Africa by using a medicine
claims database. The focus was specifically on dermatological products with a prevalence of
more than 10 % in the database.
A quantitative retrospective drug utilisation research design was used to evaluate the usage
patterns and costs of dermatological products in three four-monthly intervals of 2001 and 2004.
Data were analysed by using the Statistical Analysis System, 9.1 (SAS). The dermatological
product groups for this study were antibacterial and antifungal drugs, corticosteroids and anti-acne
products and were analysed according to the MIMS classification.
Of all analysed prescriptions issued only 8.57 % (n = 126 447) during 2001 (N = 1 475 380) and
6.82 % (n = 177 122) during 2004 (N = 2 595 254) consisted of dermatological products. Of the
total number of products prescribed, the dermatological products constituted 4.77 %I
(n = 140 701) for 2001 (N = 2 95 1 326) and 3.77 % (n = 199 976) for 2004 (N = 5 305 882). The
total cost of the dermatological products was 4.98 % (n = R18 913 889.92) of the total cost of all
medicine products during 200 1 (N = R379 708 489). During 2004 (N = R66 1 223 146) the total
cost of dermatological products was 4.09 % (n = R27 025 540.48) of the total cost of all
medicine products in the database. The cost-prevalence index for 2001 and 2004 respectively
showed that the dermatological products were relatively expensive with values of 1.03 and 1.09.
The antibacterial and antifungal drugs, corticosteroids and anti-acne products represented 91.92
% (n = 129 336) and 87.97 % (n = 175 9 16) of all dermatological products during 2001 (N = 140
701) and 2004 (N = 199 976), respectively. These dermatological groups named above
represented 91.57 % (n = R17 319 645.61) and 85.85 '% (n = R23 200 594.71), respectively, of
the total cost of dermatological products during 200 1 (N = R18 9 13 889.92) and 2004 (N = R27
025 540.48).
It was further found that the majority of dermatological products prescribed during the research
periods was innovator products. The prevalence of innovator products for 2001 was 86.17 % (n
= 12 1 249) with a total cost representing 94.16 % (n = R17 809 603.12). For 2004 the prevalence
was 82.33 % (n = 164 640) with a total cost representing 91 .O1 '% (n = R24 594 923.72) of all the
dermatological products prescribed. The number of innovator and generic products claimed
during 2001 amounted to 86.17 % (n = 12 1 249) and 13.83 % (n = 19 452) respectively of the
total number of products claimed (N = 140 701). During 2004 the number of innovator and
generic products represented respectively 82.33 % (n = 164 640) and 17.67 O/o (n = 35 336) of the
total number of products claimed (N = 199 976).
The prevalence in the use of the dermatological products during 2004 increased with 55.25 %
from January to April versus September to December. The cost-prevalence index indicated that
the dermatological products were relatively expensive during January to August 2004. During
September to December 2004 the cost-prevalence decreased and indicated that dermatological
products became inexpensive.
The average cost of dermatological products during the 2004 study period showed that the cost
decreased. January to April (before implementation of the new single exit price structure) was
compared to September to December (after implementation of the new single exit price
structure). This comparison indicated that the average cost decreased by 22.88 %.
It can be summarised that the average cost in the last study period decreased due to the changed
price structure. The innovator products' prevalence was high and therefore more generics are
needed in dermatology. If more generics are used the total cost of dermatological products
might also decrease. The number of dermatological prescriptions increased towards 2004, but
this may be because of more members or more medical aids claiming through this database.Thesis (M.Pharm.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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Marner, Michael [Verfasser]. "Metabolomics-Guided Discovery and Characterization of five new Cyclic Lipopeptides from Freshwater Isolate Pseudomonas sp. / Michael Marner." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219982733/34.
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Tahlaiti, Mahfoud. "Etude de la pénétration des chlorures et de l'amorçage de la corrosion en zone saturée et en zone de marnage." La Rochelle, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LAROS290.
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La corrosion des armatures est une des causes principales de la dégradation des structures en béton armé en Europe. Plus particulièrement en zones côtières, où les ions chlore, présents dans l’eau de mer, ont clairement été identifiés comme étant l'élément déclencheur du processus chimique menant à la corrosion. Dans ce contexte, la détermination de cette valeur critique d’amorçage de la corrosion et le temps correspondant sont des éléments clés de la prédiction de la duré de vie des matériaux. Dans ce travail, quatre types de bétons armés ordinaires (C15, C22, C4 et C30) ont été placés dans trois environnements différents : une zone de marnage au port de La Rochelle, un simulateur de marnage avec une solution saline (0,5M NaCl) conçu au laboratoire où les conditions d’exposition sont contrôlées et une cellule de migration où un champ électrique a été appliqué afin d’accélérer la pénétration des chlorures. Des mesures électrochimiques (spectroscopie d’impédance électrochimique SIE, potentiel de corrosion et résistance de polarisation) ont été réalisées afin de suivre le processus de transport aboutissant à la corrosion. Une étude de caractérisation des matériaux a été réalisée dans le but de relever les propriétés de transfert de chaque béton. La description morphologique (MEB Microscopie Electronique et EDXA Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis) de l’interface acier-béton a apporté des compléments sur la microstructure et les mécanismes physico-chimiques mis en jeu. Enfin, un modèle numérique unidimensionnel et multi-espèces de transport des chlorures, basé sur l’équation de Nernst-Planck, a été développé. La réactivité chimique du matériau cimentaire est prise en compte à travers les isothermes d’interactionThe reinforcement corrosion is one of the main causes of degradation of reinforced concrete structures in Europe. More particularly in coastal areas where chloride ions, present in sea water, were clearly identified as the trigger factor of chemical process leading to corrosion. At this time, corrosion initiates. In this context, the determination of this critical value for the corrosion initiation and the corresponding time are the key elements in the prediction of the prediction of materials service life. In this work, four types of ordinary reinforced concretes (C15, C22, C4 and C30) have been exposed in three different environments: A tidal area at the port of La Rochelle, a tidal simulator with a saline solution (0,5 M NaCl) designed in the laboratory where the exposure conditions are controlled and a cell migration where an electric field has been applied in order to speed up the chlorides penetration. Electrochemical measurements (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy EIS, corrosion potential and polarization resistance) were carried out to follow the transport processes leading to the corrosion. A study of materials characterization was performed to collect transfer properties of each concrete. Morphological descriptions (SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy and EDXA Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis) of the steel-concrete interface gave further informations on the microstructure and the physico-chemical mechanisms. Finally, a one-dimensional numerical model and multi-species of chloride transport based on the Nernst-Planck equation was developed. The Chemical reactivity of cement based materials is taken into account through the adsorption isotherms
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Favaretto, Sara <1996>. "George Eliot's "Silas Marner" and Gustave Flaubert's "Un Coeur Simple": a Comparative Study of the Theme of Simplicity." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18380.
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This comparative study aims to investigate the realist theme of simplicity as it is conceived and applied by two well-known nineteenth-century European writers in two illustrative works, namely George Eliot’s "Silas Marner" and Gustave Flaubert’s "Un Coeur Simple".
After having provided an introductory definition of realism and having presented the major modes and themes being employed by European realist authors, the first chapter will primarily focus on the culture of realism in Great Britain and France in order to trace the similarities and differences featuring George Eliot’s and Gustave Flaubert’s ideas of realism. As a matter of fact, in spite of their different aesthetic philosophies leading to the use of opposite literary devices, several connections will be identified in terms of thematic choices and characterization. These parallelisms will be further investigated in the second chapter, where the main social aspects of simplicity such as the depiction of rural settings, the role of the Industrial Revolution and the authors’ minute portrayal of humble characters will be significantly explored. Since the writers’ greatness also lies in their psychological portrayals of simplicity, the third chapter will be especially centred on the analysis of the two protagonists, namely Silas and Félicité, so that the psychological construction of their marginalization being dictated by the countless adversities to which they are subjected can lead to explain the pivotal role of Silas’ Eppie and Félicité’s parrot as sources of sympathy and subsequent redemption.
All the aforementioned reasons will thus contribute to concluding that Eliot and Flaubert are properly regarded as pioneers of the modern novel.
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Högfeldt, Sandra. "Ensam Ute : Att placera offentlig skulptur." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Cultural Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-2534.
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I uppsatsen redogörs för hur processen kring offentlig skulptur kan gå till, med Borås kommun och Charlotte Gyllenhammars skulptur Ute (2004) som exempel. Uppsatsen innehåller en redogörande del om organisationen kring inköp av offentlig skulptur samt en undersökande del vad gäller det specifikt valda fallet.
Den analytiska delen utgår från Göran Sonesson och Anders Marners semiotiska teorier och skulpturen analyseras utifrån begreppen uttryck och innehåll med fokus på hur skulpturen uppfattas och tas emot av publiken, referentialitetsbegrepet. Analysen innefattar även perspektiv på platsen och vad den har för betydelse för hur verket uppfattas, utifrån Christian Norberg-Schulz teorier.
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Shepherd, Jennifer L. "Reading the web, web and textile imagery in George Eliot's The mill on the floss, Silas Marner and Middlemarch." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0009/MQ36530.pdf.
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Kan, Ka Ian. "Translation networks in Republican China : four novels by British women, 'Cranford', 'Jane Eyre', 'Silas Marner' and 'Pride and Prejudice'." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23487.
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This thesis examines four translations and retranslations of novels by British female writers. They are Elizabeth Gaskell’s Cranford, Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, George Eliot’s Silas Marner, and Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre. The translations and retranslations, eight target texts in total, are mapped onto the sociopolitical and sociocultural milieu of China from the late 1920s to 1930s. During the span of time when the eight translations were published, China was undergoing a special period of political turbulence intertwined with literary vibrancy. With the literary field of China segmented into various literary societies or political organizations subscribing to their respective doctrines and principles, Chinese intellectuals including translators from various backgrounds produced literature and translation within the agenda of their respective literary or political societies. The heart of this thesis’s theoretical framework is the role of agents of translation involved the practice of translation production. The interaction amongst the human and nonhuman agents: translators, patrons, intellectuals, literary institutions, publishers and more, are examined in order to identify the translation motivations of the translators. The seven translators covered in the present study are categorized into three distinctive groups: the leftists, the humanists and the commercial translators. A collective analysis of the translators’ behaviour should shed light on the general understanding of the intended social functions of these translated novels written by British female writers published during Republican China.
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Lécrivain, Nathalie. "Étude de la contamination et de l'écotoxicité associée des sédiments de surface en zone littorale lacustre." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSET001/document.
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La zone littorale, de grande importance pour le fonctionnement écologique du lac, est souvent la première zone réceptrice de la contamination provenant du bassin versant. Cette pollution est majoritairement piégée dans les sédiments de surface. Pour autant, les conditions environnementales variables qui règnent en zone littorale sont susceptibles de favoriser la biodisponibilité des contaminants par le jeu des réactions physico-chimiques et biologiques. Cette thèse s’appuie sur l’étude de deux grands lacs péri-alpins, le Lac du Bourget et le Lac d’Annecy, pour mieux comprendre le comportement des polluants sédimentaires (ETM, HAP et PCB) en zone littorale lacustre. Nos travaux visent notamment (1) à caractériser la contamination littorale et l’influence des sources locales dans cette contamination, (2) à évaluer l’écotoxicité des sédiments littoraux et les changements de mobilité et de biodisponibilité des polluants sédimentaires sous l’influence de changements abiotiques de la zone littorale tels que ceux induits par le marnage lacustre. Nos résultats montrent que la contamination des sédiments et organismes autochtones présente une hétérogénéité spatiale significative sur le littoral des deux lacs, tant en intensité qu’en composition (i.e. profil de contamination). L’implication de sources locales (e.g. eaux pluviales drainées sur le bassin-versant) dans cette hétérogénéité spatiale a été mise en évidence. L’écotoxicité des sédiments de la zone littorale, évaluée via la réponse de biomarqueurs enzymatiques (AChE, GST), physiologiques (e.g. taux d’ingestion chez D. magna) et des traits de vie (e.g. taux de croissance, reproduction et survie) présente également une hétérogénéité spatiale significative. La biodisponibilité des ETM sédimentaires a été plus spécifiquement étudiée aux interfaces sédiment-eau-biote. Elle varie selon l’élément, le biote exposé (benthique ou pélagique) et sous l’effet du marnage. L’assèchement et remise en eau du sédiment littoral s’accompagnent d’une réduction de la fraction biodisponible des ETM. L’abaissement de la hauteur d’eau, en revanche, entraîne une accentuation de la remise en suspension de particules sédimentaires susceptibles d’exercer un risque écotoxicologique sur le biote littoral. Nos résultats soulignent la complexité de la contamination littorale et de son transfert dans les grands lacs péri-alpins et encouragent les approches écotoxicologiques dans l’évaluation de l’état écologiqueThe littoral zone of lakes is of great ecological importance and yet receives a large array of contaminants from the watershed. This pollution is mainly trapped by the surface sediment, but its bioavailability may be allowed by physico-chemical and biological reactions in this zone of high environmental fluctuations. This work aims at improving knowledge about the behavior of sediment-borne contaminants (trace metals, PAHs and PCBs) in the lake littoral zone by using two large perialpine lakes; Lake Bourget and Lake Annecy. More precisely, our goals were to (1) characterize the littoral contamination and the influence of local sources in this contamination, (2) assess the ecotoxicity of the sediment-borne contamination and the main changes in its mobility and bioavailability under abiotic changes in the littoral zone, such as those related to water-level fluctuations in lakes. The contamination of the sediments and native organisms exhibited a significant spatial heterogeneity along the lake littoral, in both intensity and profile’s composition. The involvement of local sources of contamination (e.g. stormwater runoff) as drivers of this spatial heterogeneity has been highlighted. The ecotoxicity of littoral sediments was assessed through the responses of enzymatic biomarkers (AChE and GST), physiological traits (e.g. ingestion rates in D. magna) and life-history traits (e.g. growth, reproduction and survival rates). Our results also underscored a significant spatial heterogeneity of the littoral sediment ecotoxicity. A greater focus on the bioavailability of trace metals at the sediment-water-biota interfaces showed that bioavailability depends on the metal, the exposed biota (benthic vs pelagic) and fluctuate under water-level fluctuations. Drought and re-immersion of surface sediments were followed with a reduction of the bioavailable fractions of the trace metals. However, decreases in the water-level led to increase suspended sediments in the water column, which may exert an ecotoxicological risk for the littoral biota. Our results underline how complex the littoral contamination and bioavailability are and promote ecotoxicological approaches in the assessment of the ecological status of large lakes
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Mehr, Mathieu. "L’habitus de voisinage en zone de marnage interculturelle à l’épreuve de la tranquillité résidentielle : « manières de voir » des acteurs de terrain dans le logement social." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0298.
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Cette recherche a été menée dans l’objectif d’étudier le fonctionnement des parties communes et espaces privés dans le patrimoine de quelques 8000 logements géré par un bailleur social d’une ville de moyenne importance du grand Est. Nous chercherons à comprendre les enjeux de la tranquillité sociale en observant le fonctionnement d’un département de Gestion Urbaine de Proximité (GUP) dont les acteurs sont les premiers liens entre les résidents et le bailleur. Quelles relations le personnel de proximité a-t-il construit avec les locataires et avec les autres acteurs de l’entreprise ?This research was carried out with the aim of studying the functioning of common areas and private spaces in the heritage of some 8000 dwellings managed by a social landlord of a medium-sized city in the Far East. We will seek to understand the issues of social tranquility by observing the functioning of a department of Urban Proximity Management (GUP) whose actors are the first links between residents and the landlord. What relationships has the local staff built with the tenants and other players in the company?
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Saib, Djamila. "Réactions d'arylation d'oléfines catalysées par la montmorillonite K10 et la montmorillonite de Marnia (Algérie) échangée par les cations Al³⁺, Cr³⁺, Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618388k.
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Roy, Romain. "Distribution spatiale et activité des poissons en milieu lacustre - Impacts des facteurs environnementaux à partir d'une approche multi-échelle. Application à la retenue des Bariousses." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4326/document.
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Le fonctionnement des milieux aquatiques d’origine anthropique est étroitement dépendant des usages ; l’environnement des communautés biologiques est donc généralement fluctuant. L’étude du lien entre environnement et organisme est alors plus complexe que dans les environnements stables. Ce travail de thèse vise à mieux comprendre comment l’ichtyofaune réagit face aux changements des conditions environnementales dans une retenue soumise à marnage, la retenue des Bariousses, située sur la Vézère.Une approche multi-échelle à la fois biologique (communauté et individus) et temporelle (cycles annuel et journalier) a été adoptée. Une attention particulière a été donnée à la zone littorale car elle joue un rôle crucial pour les communautés piscicoles des milieux lacustres et constitue la première zone affectée par les variations du niveau de l’eau. L’étude se décompose en quatre parties. La première présente les caractéristiques du site d’étude et la seconde décrit l’impact des variations du niveau de l’eau sur les habitats à partir d’une analyse cartographique de la zone littorale. Les conséquences de la contrainte hydrologique via les modifications des conditions d’habitats ont été ensuite analysées en parallèle des effets de la température de l’eau et de la photopériode. Ensuite, la troisième partie présente l’effet de la variabilité temporelle des conditions environnementales, induites par les variations du niveau de l’eau, sur la composition de la communauté littorale (échantillonnage par pêche électrique). Un système innovant de positionnement par télémétrie acoustique (Vemco Positioning System) a finalement permis dans une quatrième partie d’étudier cet impact à un niveau individuel en analysant le comportement de 90 individus de trois espèces différentes (sandre, brochet et perche commune) avec une précision satisfaisante (erreur moyenne de 3.3 m après filtration). Nous avons mis en évidence que les fluctuations du niveau de l’eau induisent une variabilité temporelle de la surface et du volume occupés par la zone littorale. De plus, une diminution progressive de la complexité structurelle des habitats littoraux avec une tendance à l’homogénéisation (dominance des substrats fins et de l’absence de végétation) est observée suite à un abaissement du niveau de l’eau. Malgré ces changements des conditions d’habitats induites par les variations du niveau de l’eau, la communauté piscicole littorale n’a pas montré de nets changements de composition. Une forte variabilité inter individuelle des réponses comportementales aux fluctuations environnementales est notée mais, la température et la photopériode représentent deux paramètres structurant majeurs de l’activité et du choix des habitats. Le niveau d’eau affecte une partie du peuplement, certains individus fréquentent davantage la zone littorale et sont moins mobiles lorsque les habitats accessibles en bordure sont plus complexes (niveau d’eau élevé). Ces résultats ont permis de proposer quelques pistes de réflexion sur la gestion des niveaux d’eau sur cette retenue, en lien avec le peuplement de poissonsAquatic ecosystem functioning in human-impacted environments is highly dependent of its uses; in consequence, the environment of biological communities is generally fluctuating. Studying the link between environment and organism in fluctuating environments is generally more complex compared to steady environments. The main objective of this work was to better understand how fish populations respond to environmental modifications in a reservoir affected with water level fluctuations (WLF), the Bariousses’s reservoir located on the Vézère River.A multiscale approach was used with different biological (community and individual) and temporal (annual and daily cycles) scales. A special attention was given to the littoral zone as it plays a key role for lake fish communities and since it is strongly affected by WLF. This work is divided in 4 parts. The first part presents the characteristics of the study site and the second part describes the impact of WLF on the studied habitats using a mapping of the littoral zone. The consequences of hydrological stress through the changes in habitat conditions were also analyzed as well as the effects of water temperature and photoperiod. The third part shows the effect of the temporal variability of environmental conditions induced by WLF on the composition of the littoral fish community (sampled by electrofishing). The fourth part presents an innovative positioning system acoustic telemetry (Vemco Positioning System) that was used to study the impact of WLF at the individual scale by analyzing the behavior of 90 individuals from three different fish species (pikeperch, pike and perch) with a satisfactory accuracy (average error of 3.3 m after filtration).The results of this work showed that WLF induced a temporal variability of the littoral zone surface and volume. In addition, a gradual decrease of the structural complexity of littoral habitats was associated with lower water level inducing a trend to homogenization (dominance of thinner substrates without vegetation). Despite these changes in habitats conditions induced by WLF, littoral fish community did not show any clear change in composition. High inter-individual variability of behavioral responses was observed in response to environmental fluctuations, but the temperature and photoperiod were the two major structural parameters controlling fish activity and spatial distribution. Water level affected a part of the fish population since more individuals attended the littoral zone and were less mobile when available habitats were more complex (with a high water level). These results allowed us to suggest some ideas for the management of water levels in the studied reservoir focused on the fish population
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Saib, Djamila. "Reactions d'arylation d'olefines catalysees par la montmorillonite k10 et la montmorillonite de marnia (algerie) echangee par les cations al**(3+), cr**(3+), zn**(2+), ni**(2+), cu**(2+)." Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN10001.
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Dubois, Alexandre. "Comportement morphodynamique des plages de poche en milieu mésotidal semi-abrité : exemple des plages méridionales de la presqu’île de Rhuys, Bretagne sud." Lorient, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORIS278.
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Les plages de poche prennent place le long des littoraux rocheux. Sur la presqu’île de Rhuys, elles forment des cordons sableux protégeant à l’arrière des zones humides basses partiellement connectées au milieu marin. Ces plages subissent un fort marnage de type mésotidal et placées à l’arrière d’une barrière structurale, les houles océaniques y sont fortement atténuées. Le vent local génère une importante mer de vent dont les vagues de courtes fréquences ainsi créées favorisent les plus grands changements morphologiques transversaux et les plus grands transferts de sédiments longitudinaux. Les différentes expériences hydrodynamiques et topographiques menées sur le terrain ont permis de mettre en évidence des déplacements longitudinaux de sédiments favorisés par un vent local modéré et persistant. Avec une plus grande agitation, les transferts sédimentaires s’effectuent transversalement par de plus puissants processus de déferlement et de jet de rive. Les échanges s’effectuent autour d’un point d’équilibre de moindre activité. Le vent et la houle ont un impact hétérogène dans l’espace. Par ailleurs, les variations de volumes indiquent clairement que chaque système de plage est indépendant. Aucun échange de sédiment entre les plages n’est démontré alors qu’une connexion est permise avec le domaine subtidal proche, entre les platiers rocheux. Enfin, le degré d’impact d’une tempête dépend de sa trajectoire et du niveau d’eau. Le volume érodé est par ailleurs rapidement retrouvé par le système. Le budget sédimentaire est conservé. Pourtant, avec la hausse du niveau marin, les cordons dunaires peuvent se briser avec une redistribution longitudinale attenduePocket beaches display along rocky shores. In the Rhuys peninsula, they form dune systems baked between headlands sheltering swamps or low areas backshore, which are partially connected to the sea. In a mesotidal regim, the are semi-sheltered by islands and rocky shoals accounting for lower entering swell. The local wind create important wind waves promoting alonshore drift of sediment. This is observed thanks to hydrodynamic and topographic measurements. With an increasing energy input, cross-shore exchanges of sediment are dominant following increasing surf and swash processes. Such exchanges rotate aroud an equilibrium or pivot point less dynamic. Gravity waves and wind waves have an heterogeneous impact in space. Moreover, volumetric variations highlight each pocket beach system running as a single entity. No proof of alongshore by-passing between each beach is identified but a cross-shore connection with the direct nearshore is highly supposed and has to occur only between faults or subtidal rocky shoals. Finally, storm impact depends highly on the storm route and water level. In case of erosion, the beach recover the sediment loss quickly, so the sediment buget remains stable. Nevertheless, through time, sea level rise might create breach by breaking dune system and flood partially the bachshore. The would implie a sedimentary alonshore redistribution, changing significantly the coastline
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Marner, Astrid [Verfasser]. "Glosur lesnar af undirdiupi omeliarum hins mikla Gregorij, Augustini, Ambrosij ok Jeronimi ok annarra kennifedra : Väterzitate und Politik in der Jóns saga baptista des Grímr Hólmsteinsson [[Elektronische Ressource]] / Astrid Marner." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1045052876/34.
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Masso, Benoit. "L'illusion dans l'oeuvre de George Eliot de 1857 à 1861 : oeuvres étudiées : "Scenes of clerical life" (1857-8) ; "Adam bede" (1859) ; "The mill on The floss" (1860) ; "Silas Marner, the weaver of raveloe" (1861)." Paris 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA03A004.
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L'illusion chez les personnages de george eliot constitue le sujet principal de cette these. Il s'agit d'etudier, dans les romans ecrits entre 1857 et 1861, l'illusion en tant que phenomene individuel et social. Tout en respectant certaines conventions litteraires dans la conception de ses personnages l'auteur se plait a les confronter a des aspects et des idees du dix-neuvieme siecle. L'angleterre profonde est l'arriere-plan ideal pour montrer en meme temps l'importance de la tradition d'un peuple et les problemes des individus luttant contre une destinee ou bien essayant simplement de tout leur coeur de conserver un acquis social menace de disparition. Comme les heros grecs anciens, certains protagonistes de goerge eliot menent des combats de titans contre leurs destins. Les realites de l'angleterre du dix-neuvieme siecle sont de veritables garde-fous qui orientent les protagonistes dans leurs choix. George eliot utilise les illusions des personnages comme moyens d'expressions et de revelations de ses propres conceptsThis thesis aims at studying and giving an appreciation of the importance of characters'misconceptions in the first major novels of george eliot. It concentrates on her works in litterature between 1857 and 1861. Characters are often misconceived in their ways and their misconceptions are both individual and social. Behaviour is individual, but is also the result of a particular education. George eliot remained faithful to the litterary conventions of her time in this first partof her carreer. This can be seen in her characterisation but she was able to show how great goals could be achieved. The struggle of her characters to accomplish their aims, the dramatisation of their achievements and failures are registered under the title of "misconceptions". Like the ancient greek heroes, some characters in these first novels by george eliot are really fighting against a destiny. The nineteenth century background is a good setting especially as far as britain is concerned. The misconceptions of characters are therefore the ways in which a writer can show her treatment of man in his developing social environment. Misconceptions are very good clues to unspoken ideas
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Daley, Nirmala. "A study of the suitability of a modern African novel such as "Things fall apart" by Chinua Achebe for black pupils in Ciskeian schools in contrast to a prescribed novel such as "Silas Marner" by George Eliot." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003669.
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The enjoyment of any form of literature presupposes, in the reader, an understanding of the subject matter and a fundamental inclination to identify with the characters, to empathize with them and to appreciate varying perspectives. It follows that the choice of text is an important consideration especially, when the reader is not reading in the mother tongue. The choice of novel prescribed by the DET for Second Language, non-White, non-English-speaking, Ciskeian pupils poses many problems which lead to poor examination results. The increasing unpopularity of English Literature among Ciskeian pupils and teachers appears to stem largely from the predominance of works selected from the Great Tradition. To determine how far the choice of texts is responsible for the lack of success of literature teaching in Ciskei is the aim of this investigation. The DET syllabus for Black schools and the set books prescribed for Stds. 9 and 10 between 1980 and 1990 are examined to expose their Euro-centric focus. The effects of the DET examinations on literature study in Ciskei are also considered to show how examinations complicate the situation further. The aims of teaching literature to Second Language pupils are reviewed. Literary merit, relevance, aesthetic value and scope for moral seriousness, skill development are suggested as criteria suitable for an appropriate choice of literary texts for Second Language pupils. A comparative study of the prescribed novel, Silas Marner and an alternative African novel in English, Things Fall Apart has been attempted to find out whether Things Fall Apart is of equal literary value to Silas Marner and, perhaps, more relevant than Silas Marner to the experience of Black pupils. Six teachers have been interviewed for their opinions of the books prescribed. A miniature survey also has been conducted among pupils of Stds. 9 and 10 from selected schools to verify general attitudes to the study of literature. The findings indicate a dire need to make the syllabus more flexible and more open to include good African writing in English, such as Things Fall Apart.
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Duboscq, Julien. "Corrosion des aciers en milieu marin : processus se déroulant dans les zones cathodiques." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LAROS027.
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L’étude des phénomènes se déroulant dans les zones cathodiques représente un enjeu majeur dans la compréhension des mécanismes de corrosion. L’ensemble de ces travaux de thèse repose sur l’étude de la nature, des processus de transformation et du rôle des différents composés présents dans ces zones. La première partie de cette étude concerne les stades initiaux de la formation des couches minérales dans les zones anodiques et cathodiques. Ce premier volet a permis de mettre en évidence la compétition RV(SO42-)/RV(CO32-). Il en ressort, après calculs thermodynamiques, que le pH d’équilibre est très proche du pH de l’eau de mer, ce qui permet d’avancer plusieurs hypothèses sur la prédominance de RV(SO42-) observée dans les couches de produits de corrosion formées en milieu naturel. La deuxième partie de cette étude porte sur la stabilité d’une forme de chukanovite chargée en Fe(III). Une telle chukanovite partiellement oxydée pourrait avoir des propriétés semi-conductrices et pourrait jouer un rôle important dans les processus électrochimiques. Ce travail a cependant démontré qu’un tel composé tendait à se transformer, en conditions anoxiques, en un mélange de chukanovite non oxydée et de magnétite. La chukanovite partiellement oxydée, quelles que soient ses propriétés électriques, ne peut donc pas intervenir dans les processus de corrosion des aciers à long terme. La troisième partie de cette étude porte sur l’influence des ions Mg2+ et de la matière organique sur la formation et la transformation des rouilles vertes. Il en ressort que les ions Mg2+ favorisent RV(Cl-), et très probablement RV(CO32-) qui a la même structure, au détriment de RV(SO42-). A l’inverse, la matière organique semble favoriser la variété sulfatée. La dernière partie de ces travaux a pour objet une double étude in-situ en zone de marnage : en corrosion libre et sous protection cathodique. Le principal résultat de l’analyse des échantillons en corrosion libre montre que l’activité des BSR se concentre initialement dans les zones cathodiques, favorisant la formation de FeS, composé conducteur, dans ces zones. Il en découle que l’influence bactérienne peut donc renforcer le processus auto-entretenu purement abiotique qui tend à favoriser la magnétite (composé conducteur électronique) dans les zones cathodiques et RV(SO42-) dans les zones anodiques. L’étude de la protection cathodique en zone de marnage a montré l’impact combiné du séchage de la surface de la structure protégée et de la distance séparant l’acier émergé de la surface de l’eau. Il s’avère par ailleurs que la composition de la couche minérale pourrait constituer un bon indicateur de l’efficacité de la protection cathodique en zone de marnageThe study of the phenomena occurring in cathodic zones is a major stake in the comprehension of corrosion mechanisms of carbon steel in seawater. This thesis work is based on the study of the nature, transformation processes and role of the different compounds present in these zones. The first part of the study deals with the first stages of the formation of mineral layers in anodic and cathodic zones. The obtained results highlighted the competition between GR(SO42-) and GR(CO32-). A thermodynamic approach showed that the GR(SO42-)/GR(CO32-) equilibrium pH was close to the pH of seawater, and various assumptions could then be forwarded to explain the observed predominance of GR(SO42-) in the corrosion product layers formed in natural seawater. The second part of this study deals with the stability of Fe(III)-containing chukanovite. Such a partially oxidized chukanovite could have semi-conductor properties and could play a role in the electrochemical processes. However, our results showed that Fe(III)-containing chukanovite tended to transform in anoxic conditions, leading to a mix of non-oxidized chukanovite with magnetite. Fe(III)-containing chukanovite, whatever its electrical properties, cannot play a role in the long-term corrosion processes of steel. The third part of this study deals with the influence of Mg2+ ions and organic matter on the formation and transformation of green rusts. It was observed that Mg2+ ions promoted the formation of GR(Cl-), and more likely of GR(CO32-) that has the same structure, at the detriment of GR(SO42-). Conversely, organic matter seems to favor the sulfate green rust. The final part of this work deals with a double in-situ study in the tidal zone, realized with steel coupons whether immersed unprotected at OCP or set under cathodic protection. The major result obtained with the unprotected coupons showed that SRB activity concentrated initially in the cathodic zones, thus favoring the formation of FeS, an electronic conductor, in these zones. This result demonstrates that biological activity can increase the effects of the purely abiotic process that favors the formation of magnetite (electronic conductor) in the cathodic zones and GR(SO42-) in the anodic zones. The study of cathodic protection in the tidal zone showed the combined influence of the drying of the emerged steel surface and the increase of the distance between the emerged steel surface and the seawater level. The composition of the mineral layer covering the metal surface could be an indicator of the effectiveness of cathodic protection in the tidal zone
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Lampadaridi, Anna. "La Vie de Porphyre de Gaza par Marc le Diacre (BHG³ 1570) : Édition critique, traduction, commentaire." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040140.
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La Vie de Porphyre de Gaza (BHG³ 1570) se présente comme un texte hagiographique de l’époque protobyzantine écrit par Marc le Diacre. Ce personnage se désigne lui-même comme le disciple du saint qui raconte la vie de son maître après sa mort en 420. Pourtant, à cause d’un emprunt à l’Histoire Philothée de Théodoret de Cyr, la Vie dans son état actuel est certainement postérieure à l’année 444 et ne peut pas provenir de la plume de Marc, qui n’est que le narrateur. Selon l’hypothèse des éditeurs Grégoire et Kugener, la Vie actuelle est le fruit du remaniement d’un texte plus ancien. Le texte nous offre un témoignage unique sur l’histoire du paganisme et du christianisme à Gaza à la fin du IVe et au début du Ve s. Ordonné évêque de Gaza en 395, Porphyre contribue activement à la christianisation de la ville, qui était alors majoritairement païenne. Le point culminant de son activité est la démolition du Marneion et la fondation sur ses débris de la « Grande Église » de Gaza. Cependant, outre les problèmes concernant l’identité de son auteur et sa datation, la Vie s’est trouvée dès l’époque de Tillemont au centre d’un grand débat concernant sa valeur historique, à cause des anachronismes qui ont été relevés. Dans le cadre de notre thèse, nous avons entrepris une nouvelle édition critique du texte, accompagnée d’une traduction française. La brève étude littéraire du texte est suivie par un commentaire historique guidé par le problème d’authenticité que pose la Vie. L’édition critique est précédée d’un examen de la tradition directe et indirecte du texte. Finalement, les notes de la traduction visent à faire ressortir sa valeur documentaireThe Life of Porphyry of Gaza (BHG³ 1570) is a hagiographical text of the protobyzantine period written by Mark the Deacon. He introduces himself as the saint’s loyal disciple, who narrates his master’s life after his death in 420. However, due to the plagiarism of Theodoret of Cyrrhus’s Philotheos History, the current form of the Vita dates certainly later than 444 and cannot have been written by Mark, who is just the narrator. According to the hypothesis of the editors Grégoire and Kugener, the current form of the Vita is the result of the revision of an older text. The text provides us with a unique account of the history of paganism and christianism in Gaza at the end of the 4th and the beginnings of the 5th century. Appointed bishop of Gaza in 395, Porphyry contributes actively to the christianisation of the city, which was largely pagan. The peak of his activity is the demolition of the Marneion and the erection of the “Great Church” of Gaza on the site of the former temple. However, in addition to the problems concerning its authorship and its datation, the Vita was found in the centre of a great debate concerning its historical value since the time of Tillemont. In the frame of our PhD thesis, we undertook a new critical edition, accompanied by a french translation. The brief literary study of the text is followed by a historical commentary guided by the problem of the Vita’s authenticity. The critical edition is preceded by an examination of the direct and the indirect text tradition. Finally, the notes of the translation aim to reveal its documentary value
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Genin, Clément. "Cathodic Protection of carbon steel in the tidal zone : involved mechanisms." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS028.
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Ces travaux s’intéressent aux mécanismes mis en jeu dans la protection cathodique (PC) en zone de marnage (ZdM, zone verticale balayée par les marées). En effet, une étude de 2015 menée par Ph. Refait et coll. a mis en exergue une persistance de la PC même pendant les périodes émergées, a priori impossible à cause du retrait de l’eau de mer. Comprendre les mécanismes intervenant dans cette protection étendue pourrait, à terme, permettre de réduire l’impact environnemental de la conception et la maintenance de structures telles que les éoliennes offshores. Une première étude, sur toute la hauteur de la ZdM du port de commerce de La Rochelle, a permis de mettre en évidence que la PC pourrait être considérée efficace jusqu’à 45% de taux d’immersion (soit 74% de la hauteur de la ZdM). En parallèle, une étude menée au LaSIE visait à s’interroger de façon plus fondamentale sur le comportement de l’acier à marée descendante. Pour cela, des échantillons disposés à l’horizontal, sous de fines couches d’électrolyte (1 mm ou 5 mm) ont été placés en condition de protection satisfaisante (-950 mV/Ag/AgCl3M) et en condition de sous-protection (-750 mV/Ag/AgCl3M). Il apparaît alors qu’une protection insuffisante conduit à la formation d’une épaisse couche d’aragonite recouvrant une fine couche de produits de corrosion résiduels. De plus, une fine couche d’eau de mer augmente le caractère protecteur du dépôt formé sous PC suffisante (-950 mV/Ag/AgCl3M). Enfin, à mi-chemin entre les deux études précédentes, le dernier axe de recherche évoqué ici a permis de suivre l’évolution des paramètres de PC au cours des marées pendant 16 mois. Aux temps courts (8 j), la PC était efficace jusqu’à 40% d’immersion alors que toute la colonne était protégée pour des temps plus longs (180 j). Finalement, la persistance de la PC en ZdM est multifactorielle. Elle dépend de l’amplitude des marées, du temps d’exposition ainsi que du taux d’immersion. Son efficacité a été démontrée valable jusqu’à 45% d’immersion, pour des ZdM étenduesThis PhD work focuses on understanding the mechanisms involved in cathodic protection (CP) in tidal zones (vertical zone between high tide and low tide levels). In 2015 a study by led by Ph. Refait et al. highlighted the unexpected persistence of CP even during emerged periods, which theoretically should not occur because of seawater withdrawal. Understanding the mechanisms involved in this spread-out CP could ultimately contribute to diminish the environmental impact of production and maintenance of structures such as offshore wind turbines. An initial study, covering the entire height of the La Rochelle commercial port tidal zone, showed that CP could be considered effective up to 45% of immersion rate (i.e. 74% of the tidal zone height). On the other hand, a study carried out at LaSIE laboratory aimed to investigate the behavior of steel during ebb tides in a more fundamental way. To this purpose, samples were set horizontally under thin layers of seawater (1 mm or 5 mm) and polarised under conditions of sufficient protection (-950 mV/Ag/AgCl3M) and insufficient protection (-750 mV/Ag/AgCl3M). Insufficient protection led to the formation of a thick layer of aragonite overlying a thin residual corrosion products layer. In addition, a thin layer of seawater enhances the protective character of the deposit formed under sufficient CP (-950 mV/Ag/AgCl3M). Furthermore, in the last research axis mentioned here, the evolution of CP parameters was monitored for 16 months of tidal cycles. For short periods (8 days), CP remained effective up to 40 % of immersion rate, while the entire column was protected for longer times (180 days). Finally, the persistence of CP in tidal zone is multifactorial. It depends on tidal amplitude, exposure time and immersion rate. Its effectiveness has been demonstrated to be valid up to 45% immersion, for extended tidal zones
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Nguyen, Ngoc diep. "Characterization and contribution of colloidal fraction in the mobility and bioavailability of sedimentary phosphorus." Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/9f8fcb76-5d28-468c-8289-23bd366f1bb7/blobholder:0/2020LIMO0078.pdf.
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Le relargage de phosphore sédimentaire constitue une source interne de nutriments dans les eaux conduisant à l’eutrophisation des milieux aquatiques, en particulier des retenues. Les connaissances actuelles concernant le relargage du P sédimentaire ne tiennent pas compte de la fraction colloïdale, qui est pourtant considérée comme une importante phase porteuse de P, très mobile et potentiellement biodisponible. Cette thèse souligne le rôle majeur des colloïdes sédimentaires vis-à-vis de leur teneur en phosphore ainsi que leur fort potentiel à être mobilisé dans l’eau. Il a été démontré que les colloïdes sont une composante intrinsèque essentielle des sédiments au sein du barrage de Champsanglard (Creuse, France) et qu’ils peuvent être remobilisés à hauteur de 2.3 % de la masse totale du sédiment lors de la resuspension de ce dernier. Le phosphore colloïdal représentait jusqu’à 6 % du phosphore sédimentaire total et 80 % du phosphore total mobilisable. L’étude des différents protocoles d'extraction, de séparation et de conservation des sédiments a permis de proposer une méthodologie opérationnelle permettant la sélection du protocole le plus approprié. Il est ainsi recommandé de réaliser les extractions de colloïdes sur sédiment humides, par une méthode douce (agitation) et de réaliser la séparation des colloïdes extraits par filtration avec une étape de pré-séparation. Les centrifugations successives sont déconseillées car elles conduisent à une estimation biaisée de la quantité et de la qualité des colloïdes extraits. Au travers de l’étude de la retenue de Champsanglard, il a été mis en évidence une forte hétérogénéité de la répartition spatiale de la quantité et de la qualité des colloïdes sédimentaires et du P associé. La granulométrie des sédiments, l'hydrodynamique des écoulements, la présence d'affluents et le marnage apparaissent comme des facteurs clés. La plus importante quantité de colloïdes mobilisables et en particulier les colloïdes de plus grande taille (0.2 – 1 μm) concerne les sédiments lacustres des zones profondes, en amont de la confluence avec les tributaires. Les sédiments de berge régulièrement impactés par le marnage de l’eau relarguent du phosphore sous une forme biodisponible (forme dissoute et nano/petits colloïdes). En condition anoxique, les sédiments ont la capacité de libérer du phosphore colloïdal, dans des proportions largement supérieures au phosphore dissous. Jusqu’à 40 % du phosphore sédimentaire total a ainsi été remobilisé sous forme colloïdale. Lorsque les conditions redeviennent oxiques, une majeure partie du phosphore mobilisé persiste en solution et notamment sous la forme de colloïdes de tailles petites et intermédiaires (300 KDa - 0.45 μm). En conditions d’oxydo-réduction variables, les processus biogéochimiques impliquant le fer et la matière organique seraient les paramètres clés contrôlant la mobilité du P colloïdale. Ce travail met en évidence la nécessité de considérer la contribution des colloïdes pour l’évaluation de la mobilité et de la biodisponibilité du P, en particulier en contexte de retenue de barrageThe mobilization of phosphorus (P) from sediment is a persistent internal nutrient source sustaining eutrophication, especially in reservoir. Current knowledge about sedimentary P release does not consider colloidal form, although it is well-known for its efficiency as P-carrier, its high mobility and potentially bioavailability. This thesis provides new constraints to place sedimentary colloids and sedimentary colloidal P into light concerning their important stock and release potential in the reservoir. Colloids are shown to be an intrinsic component of reservoir sediment, and their recovery under sediment resuspension indicated the contribution of water mobilizable colloids up to 2.3 % of the sediment mass in Champsanglard dam reservoir (Creuse, France). The amount of P associated with colloids was up to 6 % of total sedimentary P and 80 % of water-mobilizable P. After the application of different protocols for colloid extraction, separation and for sediment storage, a framework for selecting appropriated method for colloid recovering from a sediment is proposed. The recommendation for colloid recovery is to work with wet sediment, avoid using high-power extraction protocol (i.e. sonication), using filtration with pre-separation step instead of successive centrifugation to avoid under or overestimation in quantity and quality of recovered colloids. The quantity and quality of sedimentary colloids and associated P varied spatially in the reservoir according to sediment size grain distribution and the influence of flow hydrodynamics, the presence of tributaries and fluctuations in the water-level. The highest content of water mobilizable colloids and especially large colloids (0.2 - 1 μm) were found in lacustrine bottom sediments, downstream of the tributary confluence. Bank sediments impacted by water-level fluctuations released P in bioavailable forms (dissolved P and small/nano P-colloids). Under anoxic condition, the potential of sediment to mobilize colloidal P was significantly higher than truly dissolved P and represented up to 40 % of total sedimentary P. When condition became oxic subsequently, major portion of released P remained in suspension under small/intermediate size (300 kDa - 0.45 μm). In redox changing conditions, the closely linked biogeochemical cycles of iron and organic matter could be the key parameters involved in mobility of colloidal P. This thesis highlights the need to consider colloids and their contribution in the P mobility at the boundary of sediment-water and associated bioavailability to aquatic plankton, particularly in dam reservoir context
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Hui-Ling, Chen, and 陳慧齡. "A Study of Europeanized Translation:Comparison of Three Chinese TranslationVersions of George Eliot’s Silas Marner." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78945775594432659269.
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碩士南臺科技大學
應用英語系
105
In the past hundred years, Chinese culture has been interacted with western culture frequently, especially since the May fourth movement (1919), vernacular Chinese has become a common language and been used to translate foreign literary works, resulting in Chinese language forms Europeanization. Europeanization of Mandarin Chinese is a phenomenon which foreign languages influence on Chinese, and the main resource is English. The purpose of this study is to compare and explore Europeanized translation among three Chinese translation versions of George Eliots’ Silas Marner, translated by Liang Shiqiu (梁實秋) , Hán cuì (涵翠) ,and Ma Yu（馬漁）, and then to look into the acceptance of Europeanized Chinese from modern readers. According to the results from present study, Europeanization Chinese nowadays roots in Mandarin Chinese firmly and seems to be acceptable by modern readers. By probing those unwelcome patterns, the researcher hopes to make some suggestions for translators, translation industry, and future research. Keyword: Europeanization Chinese
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Tung-ming, Lee. "Cultural Translation of Victorian Medical Texture: George Eliot's "The Lifted Veil," Silas Marner, and Middlemarch." 2004. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0021-2004200709294906.
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Tung-ming, Lee, and 李東銘. "Cultural Translation of Victorian Medical Texture: George Eliot's "The Lifted Veil," Silas Marner, and Middlemarch." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03919449549915068786.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
英語學系
93
Abstract This thesis examines three of George Eliot’s works, “The Lifted Veil” (1859), Silas Marner (1861), and Middlemarch (1872), to investigate how Eliot appropriates medical advances of the time to imagine the quickly changing Victorians’ social relationships. The re-reading of these three texts presents us a comprehensive view of Eliot in the conjuncture of medical science and novel writing of the Victorian time: a trajectory of Eliot’s “translation” of medical techniques, i.e. the relocation of medical techniques from their original clinical context to the terrains of everyday life to address social and moral issues, will thus emerge. One witnesses a development of Eliot’s attitude toward her medical translation—from a deployment of medical technique as a “metaphor,” to an assertion of her “provincial outlook,” and finally to an exploration of the possibility of a “progressive” provincial outlook that embraces more liberal views. Eliot manipulates transfusion as a “metaphor,” or a “figuration” as an imaginative way not only to diffuse a sense of moral crisis in a morally degenerating society, but also urge a moral refinement accordingly. And in Silas Marner, inoculation is translated into a provincial outlook and thus metaphorically addresses the problems of interpersonal relationships that are instigated by the urbanization of rural areas in Victorian period. Eliot’s provincial outlook, as dramatized in Middlemarch, is far from a straitjacket provincialism. Based on a “microscopic vision,” such an outlook copes with complexities in the Victorian life world: it welcomes scientific progresses and social changes, only that such progresses and changes would be incomplete if not negotiated by some provincial bonds such as brotherhood and sympathy.
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Roos, Marna. "Determining mutual challenges faced by opencast mines and their women employees / Marna Roos." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15530.
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Throughout history various discriminatory inequalities have appeared which are based on traditional beliefs and stereotype principles. As with many other social structures, this has brought with it the challenge of overcoming these inequalities in order to empower those afflicted by unfair treatment and to eradicate both the social and economic effects it has had on society at large. Of the many different groups that have been discriminated against, often for reasons of race and belief, one of the most discriminated against is women.
This is clear when one takes into account the numerous struggles over the course of time women faced for the right to take part in the very basic roles of society. The right to vote, the right to freedom of speech and even the simple freedom for women not to have their attire prescribed by what their culture deems socially acceptable. When taking this into account, it comes as no surprise that women have to overcome enormous obstacles when competing for fair employment. Even today the challenges persist in our well-developed and socially advanced labour market. The employment of women in the mining industry serves as the ideal example of current inequalities that need to be overcome if we are to reap both the social and economic rewards of the equal employment of women.
The objective of this study is to identify and discuss these challenges, identify how to overcome them, the benefits of doing so and the disadvantages and repercussions of not addressing them. The findings from the empirical study, based on the sample size of 65 women currently employed in the mining sector (n=65), which have been subdivided into various categories, enabled the researcher to draw conclusions and make recommendations.
The challenges that were mainly identified included health and safety, recruitment and training, retention strategy and change management. Health and safety challenges refer to women‟s perceived vulnerability in a physically demanding environment.
The recruitment and training of women and the challenges that organisations face when recruiting from small skills pools require organisations to develop women‟s skills for the mutual benefit of both women and the organisation. These challenges may be proliferate due to the additional challenges that organisations face when attempting to retain the skills they have developed and the investment they have made.
The resistance to change that exists within large mining organisations when women are introduced into environments previously reserved for men needs to be strategically managed.
In conclusion, it was found that involving the Human Resource to implement various strategies from the recruitment of women in mining, to the development, retention and the placement of women in senior positions as well as the monitoring and constant evaluation of the progress of these strategies, the current challenges as set out above can be overcome. Furthermore, it has been concluded that it greatly depends on the top and core management of companies in the mining sector to assist in the implementation of various strategies to have these feats succeed.MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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Laurens, Marna. "Towards a brand value model for the Southern Africa Tourism Services Association / Marna Laurens." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/11737.
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Over recent years, the concept of brand value has increasingly gained prominence in a variety of contexts. This is primarily due to a brand’s ability to increase profits through a promise of value delivered to customers, which makes it a valuable intangible asset to organisations. A brand’s value can, however, only be managed properly if it is measured and understood so as to ensure optimal growth and survival in an ever-changing, volatile marketplace. This realization has prompted investigations into the assessment of the financial value of a brand in both business/marketing research and practice. However, contrary to customary brands such as products or services, the Southern Africa Tourism Services Association (SATSA) is a uniquely fused brand, since it operates as a non-profit, member-driven organisation in the private sector of the Southern African inbound tourism industry. This intricate brand structure inevitably necessitates a more specific premise and subsequent measure of brand value, since it cannot be confined to financial value alone. In the light of this, the main purpose of this study was to develop a brand value model for SATSA to examine the value created by this brand and how it is experienced by its members.
To date, the majority of research endeavours have focused on the financial value of a brand. Given the essence of this organisation, brand value ought to encompass a range of aspects other merely financial value. The recent downtrend in membership numbers also highlights the need for determining the value members derive from this specific organisation. Knowledge regarding the brand’s value can serve as a means to improve the current value proposition, thereby enabling an increase in satisfaction and loyalty, growth in membership, and overall organisational sustainability.
However, research in brand value specifically for non-profit, member-driven organisations such as SATSA, and in the South African tourism industry is particularly limited. In addition to the latter, no formal measuring instrument currently exists whereby brand value can be measured in such a unique context. It is therefore essential for an organisation such as SATSA to identify specific dimensions of brand value and, to determine which dimensions are most likely to influence members’ perceptions of value by examining the relationships between dimensions, to enable maximum leverage of the brand. Therefore, to achieve the above mentioned and the goal of this study, a comprehensive review of the marketing and tourism/non-profit literature was performed, subsequent to which the research was conducted in two phases. The first phase focused on the construction of a measuring instrument to identify the key aspects that contribute to brand value. Expert knowledge, opinion and consensus were obtained relating to the appropriateness of items to be included in the questionnaire. Based on the latter and the literature review, a total of 53 items were deemed acceptable to measure brand value in this particular context. These items formulated in phase 1 were then included in the final questionnaire and measured together with questions pertaining to the business profile of members in phase 2. Phase 2 focused on analysing brand value from members’ perspective. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed online to all members included in the SATSA database (n=718). A total of 268 questionnaires were completed.
To address the goal of this study, selected statistical techniques were employed. Two separate factor analyses were performed on the brand value and brand equity dimensions respectively, which revealed reliable and valid factors, and were used as constructs in the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis to develop the model. Other statistical techniques included correlations, ANOVAs, and an independent t-test to examine the influence of selected business profile aspects on brand value. The results of the study confirmed that brand value for organisations such as SATSA is, in fact, multifaceted. Brand value in this context therefore consists of financial value, professional trust value, organisational value, network value, social engagement value, in conjunction with brand equity, which is important for developing and sustaining the brand. Professional trust value was also revealed to be a major facet of SATSA’s brand value that requires attention on various levels.
The contributions of this research are threefold: From a theoretical point of view, this study is one of the first to identify multiple aspects that specifically contribute to brand value for a non-profit member-driven organisation in the context of tourism, and even more so in a South African context. The development of this model is thus a significant contribution to literature and can be further analysed and tested by other researchers. Secondly, from a methodological point of view, this study sets a benchmark in South African tourism brand value research by designing a reliable questionnaire that measures multiple value aspects for the first time in this context; as well as the construction of a model that captures multiple facets of brand value and reveals unique relationships between specific facets of brand value and brand equity. Thirdly, from a practical perspective the research indicated the current status of SATSA’s brand value, and also equips SATSA with a model that enables them to effectively manage brand value and realise what specifically contributes to increased brand value levels for this organisation. This model can also be tested for organisations with similar brand structures, but also for profit-driven organisations. The information obtained from this study can be applied to conduct a comprehensive assessment of brand value for non-profit, member-driven organisations in the South African tourism industry to encourage value-based management and enable a more proficient value offering. This should lead to optimal member satisfaction, growth in membership numbers and the continuous sustainability of such organisations in South Africa given the competitive operational environment.PhD (Tourism Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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FIALOVÁ, Irena. "Cesta touhy: romantismus v románech George Eliot." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-53970.
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The diploma thesis Journey of Desire: Romanticism in the Novels of George Eliot is focused on the characteristic romantic items in the novels of the important English woman writer of the 19th century using the pseudonym George Eliot. The thesis deals with just three of the novels: The Mill on the Floss, Middlemarch and Silas Marner. The thesis is focused not only on the romantic items which were characteristic for this woman novelist and which were used just in those three novels, but also on the individual development and dynamics of the female characters in the mentioned novels (especially in the novels The Mill on the Floss and Middlemarch). The diploma thesis is divided into the different chapters presenting topics concerning the life of the author, the period in which she were wrtiting her novels, the Victorian novel as such and the analysis of the development of the characters in Eliot?s novels.
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Herron, Rita I. MacDonald Victoria-María. "True spirit of pioneer traditions an historical analysis of the University of Florida's first Dean of Women, Marna Brady /." 2004. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07082004-113639.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2004.Advisor: Dr. Victoria-Maria MacDonald, Florida State University, College of Education, Dept. of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 23, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.