Relevant bibliographies by topics / Marmosets

Academic literature on the topic 'Marmosets'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Marmosets"

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Walker, Jeffrey D., Friederice Pirschel, Nicholas Gidmark, Jason N. MacLean, and Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos. "A platform for semiautomated voluntary training of common marmosets for behavioral neuroscience." Journal of Neurophysiology 123, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 1420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00300.2019.

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Generally behavioral neuroscience studies of the common marmoset employ adaptations of well-established training methods used with macaque monkeys. However, in many cases these approaches do not readily generalize to marmosets indicating a need for alternatives. Here we present the development of one such alternate: a platform for semiautomated, voluntary in-home cage behavioral training that allows for the study of naturalistic behaviors. We describe the design and production of a modular behavioral training apparatus using CAD software and digital fabrication. We demonstrate that this apparatus permits voluntary behavioral training and data collection throughout the marmoset’s waking hours with little experimenter intervention. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of this apparatus to reconstruct the kinematics of the marmoset’s upper limb movement during natural foraging behavior. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The study of marmosets in neuroscience has grown rapidly and presents unique challenges. We address those challenges with an innovative platform for semiautomated, voluntary training that allows marmosets to train throughout their waking hours with minimal experimenter intervention. We describe the use of this platform to capture upper limb kinematics during foraging and to expand the opportunities for behavioral training beyond the limits of traditional training sessions. This flexible platform can easily incorporate other tasks.
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Aguiar, John M., and Thomas E. Lacher. "On the morphological distinctiveness of <i>Callithrix humilis</i> van Roosmalen <i>et al.</i>, 1998." Neotropical Primates 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.62015/np.2003.v11.526.

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The dwarf marmoset, described as Callithrix humilis by van Roosmalen et al. (1998), is an anomaly among Amazonian marmosets for its size, morphology and behavior. We compare cranial and mandibular characters of the dwarf marmoset with representatives of four other callitrichid genera. C. humilis displays qualitative differences in skull morphology when compared to other callitrichids, and a discriminant analysis of quantitative characters suggests that the dwarf marmoset is strongly distinct from all other Amazonian genera, including Callithrix. These differences are most pronounced in the morphology of the lower jaw and may reflect specialized feeding adaptations, although little is known of the dwarf marmoset’s behavior in the wild.
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Burns, Monika. "Review of Environmental and Health Factors Impacting Captive Common Marmoset Welfare in the Biomedical Research Setting." Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 9 (September 12, 2023): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10090568.

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As a small-bodied neotropical nonhuman primate species, common marmosets have unique requirements for adequate husbandry and veterinary care to ensure proper maintenance and to promote good animal welfare in a biomedical research setting. Environmental conditions, as well as medical and research-related manipulations, can impact marmoset welfare. Research focus areas, including basic neuroscience, transgenics, and aging, involve additional implications for marmoset welfare. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of factors that should be considered and mitigated as needed by clinical and research staff working with marmosets in biomedical research facilities to optimize the welfare of captive marmosets.
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Bleyer, Martina, Marius Kunze, Eva Gruber-Dujardin, and Kerstin Mätz-Rensing. "Spontaneous lung pathology in a captive common marmoset colony (Callithrix jacchus)." Primate Biology 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/pb-4-17-2017.

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Abstract. Data on spontaneous pathology are substantially scarce for common marmosets, compared to other laboratory animals, but is essential for the interpretation of histological findings in the context of toxicological and experimental studies. Especially if common marmosets are used as experimental animals in respiratory research, detailed knowledge on the spectrum, occurrence, and incidence of spontaneous histopathological pulmonary lesions in this non-human primate species is required. In this study, lung tissue of 638 common marmosets from the marmoset colony of the German Primate Center was examined histologically. The analysis revealed a high incidence of predominantly mild and multifocal interstitial pneumonia (32.99 %) of unknown etiology in most cases. Only few marmosets exhibited lobar pneumonia (1.41 %) and bronchopneumonia (0.94), which were mainly caused by bacterial pathogens such as Bordetella bronchiseptica and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Lung immaturity and atelectasis were common histological findings in newborn marmosets. Typical background lesions included anthracosis (8.15 %), hemosiderosis (1.72 %), extramedullary hematopoiesis (11.6 %), mineralization (10.97 %), and inflammatory cell foci (10.34 %). In addition, three cases of pulmonary arteriopathy (0.47 %) and 1 case of foreign-body granuloma (0.16 %) were detected in the marmoset study cohort. The high prevalence of circulatory disturbances (congestion, edema, hemorrhage) and changes in air content (secondary atelectasis, alveolar emphysema) could partly be explained by euthanasia-related artifacts or agonal changes. The present study provides a comprehensive overview of the range and incidence of spontaneous pulmonary histopathology in common marmosets, serving as valuable reference data for the interpretation of lung lesions in toxicological and experimental marmoset studies.
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Minton, Dennis M., Angela J. Marolf, Kelly S. Santangelo, Adam B. Salmon, and Adam R. Konopka. "DEVELOPING THE COMMON MARMOSET AS A TRANSLATIONAL MODEL OF AGE-RELATED OSTEOARTHRITIS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.390.

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Abstract Age is a primary risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA). The mechanisms that contribute to OA are poorly understood and disease modifying treatments have not been identified. A critical shortcoming in developing therapies is the limited number of translational models available to identify the causes of naturally occurring OA. Our goal is to use the common marmoset as a non-human primate (NHP) model of age-related OA. NHP are the closest evolutionary relative to humans and share many characteristics of human aging. The marmoset has advantages over other NHP for aging research because of their relatively short maximal lifespan and small size. Micro-computed tomography (uCT) was performed on whole-knee joints obtained from young (10 yrs, n=3) marmosets at necropsy. OA was evaluated using a clinical uCT scoring system and quantitative assessments of subchondral bone structure and ossified meniscal volume. Advancing age was positively correlated to increased uCT OA score (p&lt;0.05, r=0.59 ), mainly through increased number and size of osteophytes and progressive subchondral bone sclerosis from the medial to both medial and lateral compartments. For marmosets displaying meniscal ossification, older marmosets had greater (p&lt;0.05) ossified meniscal volume than middle-aged and younger marmosets, respectively. Trabecular (p=0.05) and cortical bone thickness (p&lt;0.05) were also lower in older marmosets. These data are the first to indicate that the marmoset develops naturally occurring, age-related OA and support the pursuit of additional studies using the marmoset to identify OA mechanisms and test potential interventions.
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Correia-Caeiro, Catia, Anne Burrows, Duncan Andrew Wilson, Abdelhady Abdelrahman, and Takako Miyabe-Nishiwaki. "CalliFACS: The common marmoset Facial Action Coding System." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): e0266442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266442.

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Facial expressions are subtle cues, central for communication and conveying emotions in mammals. Traditionally, facial expressions have been classified as a whole (e.g. happy, angry, bared-teeth), due to automatic face processing in the human brain, i.e., humans categorise emotions globally, but are not aware of subtle or isolated cues such as an eyebrow raise. Moreover, the same facial configuration (e.g. lip corners pulled backwards exposing teeth) can convey widely different information depending on the species (e.g. humans: happiness; chimpanzees: fear). The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is considered the gold standard for investigating human facial behaviour and avoids subjective interpretations of meaning by objectively measuring independent movements linked to facial muscles, called Action Units (AUs). Following a similar methodology, we developed the CalliFACS for the common marmoset. First, we determined the facial muscular plan of the common marmoset by examining dissections from the literature. Second, we recorded common marmosets in a variety of contexts (e.g. grooming, feeding, play, human interaction, veterinary procedures), and selected clips from online databases (e.g. YouTube) to identify their facial movements. Individual facial movements were classified according to appearance changes produced by the corresponding underlying musculature. A diverse repertoire of 33 facial movements was identified in the common marmoset (15 Action Units, 15 Action Descriptors and 3 Ear Action Descriptors). Although we observed a reduced range of facial movement when compared to the HumanFACS, the common marmoset’s range of facial movements was larger than predicted according to their socio-ecology and facial morphology, which indicates their importance for social interactions. CalliFACS is a scientific tool to measure facial movements, and thus, allows us to better understand the common marmoset’s expressions and communication. As common marmosets have become increasingly popular laboratory animal models, from neuroscience to cognition, CalliFACS can be used as an important tool to evaluate their welfare, particularly in captivity.
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Otsuki, Fukuda, Inoue, Mineshige, Otsuki, Horikoshi, Endo, and Abe. "Preclinical Study of DNA-Recognized Peptide Compound Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamide Targeting Human TGF-β1 Promoter for Progressive Renal Diseases in the Common Marmoset." Molecules 24, no. 17 (September 1, 2019): 3178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24173178.

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Pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamides are novel gene silencers that strongly bind the promoter region of target genes in a sequence-specific manner to inhibit gene transcription. We created a PI polyamide targeting human TGF-β1 (hTGF-β1). To develop this PI polyamide targeting hTGF-β1 (Polyamide) as a practical medicine for treating progressive renal diseases, we examined the effects of Polyamide in two common marmoset models of nephropathy. We performed lead optimization of PI polyamides that targeted hTGF-β1 by inhibiting in a dose-dependent manner the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA stimulated by PMA in marmoset fibroblasts. Marmosets were housed and fed with a 0.05% NaCl and magnesium diet and treated with cyclosporine A (CsA; 37.5 mg/kg/day, eight weeks) to establish chronic nephropathy. We treated the marmosets with nephropathy with Polyamide (1 mg/kg/week, four weeks). We also established a unilateral urethral obstruction (UUO) model to examine the effects of Polyamide (1 mg/kg/week, four times) in marmosets. Histologically, the renal medulla from CsA-treated marmosets showed cast formation and interstitial fibrosis in the renal medulla. Immunohistochemistry showed strong staining of Polyamide in the renal medulla from CsA-treated marmosets. Polyamide treatment (1 mg/kg/week, four times) reduced hTGF-β1 staining and urinary protein excretion in CsA-treated marmosets. In UUO kidneys from marmosets, Polyamide reduced the glomerular injury score and tubulointerstitial injury score. Polyamide significantly suppressed hTGF-β1 and snail mRNA expression in UUO kidneys from the marmosets. Polyamide effectively improved CsA- and UUO-associated nephropathy, indicating its potential application in the prevention of renal fibrosis in progressive renal diseases.
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Ruiz-Miranda, Carlos Ramon, Adriana Gomes Affonso, Marcio Marcelo de Morais, Carlos Eduardo Verona, Andreia Martins, and Benjamin B. Beck. "Behavioral and ecological interactions between reintroduced golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia Linnaeus, 1766) and introduced marmosets (Callithrix spp, Linnaeus, 1758) in Brazil's Atlantic Coast forest fragments." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 49, no. 1 (January 2006): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132006000100012.

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Marmosets (Callithrix spp.) have been introduced widely in areas within Rio de Janeiro state assigned for the reintroduction of the endangered golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia). The objetives of this study were to estimate the marmoset (CM) population in two fragments with reintroduced golden lion tamarin to quantify the association and characterize the interactions between species. The CM population density (0,09 ind/ha) was higher than that of the golden lion tamarin (0,06 ind/ha). The mean association index between tamarins and marmosets varied among groups and seasons (winter=62% and summer=35%). During the winter, competition resulted in increases in territorial and foraging behavior when associated with marmosets. Evidence of benefits during the summer was reduced adult vigilance while associated to marmosets. Golden lion tamarins were also observed feeding on gums obtained from tree gouges made by the marmosets. Marmosets represented a threat for the conservation of golden lion tamarins.
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Hori, Yuki, Justine C. Cléry, Janahan Selvanayagam, David J. Schaeffer, Kevin D. Johnston, Ravi S. Menon, and Stefan Everling. "Interspecies activation correlations reveal functional correspondences between marmoset and human brain areas." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 37 (September 7, 2021): e2110980118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2110980118.

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The common marmoset has enormous promise as a nonhuman primate model of human brain functions. While resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) has provided evidence for a similar organization of marmoset and human cortices, the technique cannot be used to map the functional correspondences of brain regions between species. This limitation can be overcome by movie-driven fMRI (md-fMRI), which has become a popular tool for noninvasively mapping the neural patterns generated by rich and naturalistic stimulation. Here, we used md-fMRI in marmosets and humans to identify whole-brain functional correspondences between the two primate species. In particular, we describe functional correlates for the well-known human face, body, and scene patches in marmosets. We find that these networks have a similar organization in both species, suggesting a largely conserved organization of higher-order visual areas between New World marmoset monkeys and humans. However, while face patches in humans and marmosets were activated by marmoset faces, only human face patches responded to the faces of other animals. Together, the results demonstrate that higher-order visual processing might be a conserved feature between humans and New World marmoset monkeys but that small, potentially important functional differences exist.
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Ross, Corinna N., Kenneth Davis, Georgina Dobek, and Suzette D. Tardif. "Aging Phenotypes of Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)." Journal of Aging Research 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/567143.

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Characterizing the phenotypic changes associated with aging in a short-lived primate is necessary in order to develop better translational models for human health, aging, and disease research. A population of conventionally housed marmoset monkeys was assessed to determine if phenotypes of body composition, hematology, and morphometrical measures were associated with age or risk of death. We found that the cause of mortality in older marmosets was more likely to be due to cardiac and chronic kidney disease than in younger marmosets. Older marmosets have decreased fat mass, morphometric measures, and serum albumin. Older marmosets are more likely to show a modified posture while at rest and this modified posture was significantly associated with an increased risk of imminent death. These assessments provide an initial definition of aged health in marmosets and a base for future translational aging research with this species.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Marmosets"

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Kramski, Marit. "Infections of common marmosets with calpox virus." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15866.

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Die vorsätzliche Freisetzung von Variola Virus (VARV) und schwere Erkrankungen des Menschen durch zoonotische Affen- (MPXV) und Kuh- (CPXV) pocken Viren stellen nach wie vor eine Bedrohung für die Bevölkerung dar. Klassische Pockenimpfstoffe bergen die Gefahr einer schweren Erkrankung. Deshalb ist die Entwicklung neuer Impfstoffe und Therapeutika von entscheidender Bedeutung. Deren Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit muss zunächst in verschiedenen Tiermodellen bewiesen werden. Existierende Makakken-Primatenmodelle leiden unter sehr artifiziellen Bedingungen der letalen Krankheitsinduktion durch VARV oder MPXV. Aus diesem Grund wurde das Calpox Virus/Krallenaffen-modell etabliert, welches auf einem CPXV aus natürlich infizierten Neuweltaffen (Marmosets) basiert. Das neue Modell hat drei wesentliche Vorteile: Die Arbeit mit Calpox Virus kann unter Sicherheitsstufe 2 durchgeführt werden und ist folglich einfacher in der Handhabung. 2. Die intranasale (i.n.) Infektion von Marmosets (Krallenaffen; Callithrix jacchus) spiegelt den natürlichen Infektionsweg von VARV wieder. Infizierte Affen entwickelten Pocken ähnliche Symptome und verstarben innerhalb von 2-3 Tagen nach Auftreten erster Symptome. Hohe Viruslasten wurden im Blut, Speichel und allen untersuchten Organen nachgewiesen. 3. Die i.n. Titration des Calpox Virus ergab eine 50 % Affen-Infektions-Dosis (MID50) von 8.3x102 pfu. Diese ist um den Faktor 10000 niedriger als in anderen Pocken-Primatenmodellen. Neun bis zehn Wochen nach einer Immunisierung mit dem Lister-Elstree Impfstoff waren alle Krallenaffen gegen eine letale Dosis des Calpox Virus (10 MID50) geschützt. Damit konnte der Nutzen des Calpox Virus/Krallenaffen-modells für die Erforschung neuer Impfstoffe gezeigt werden. Das Calpox Virus/Krallenaffen-modell überwindet wesentliche Nachteile bestehender Primatenmodelle und ist somit ein geeignetes Model für die Evaluierung von neuen Impfstoffen, Impfstrategien und antiviralen Therapien.
The intentional re-introduction of Variola virus (VARV), the agents of smallpox, into the human population remains of concern today. Moreover, zoonotic infections with Cowpox (CPXV) and Monkeypox virus (MPXV) cause severe diseases in humans. Smallpox vaccines presently available can have severe adverse effects that are no longer acceptable. The efficacy and safety of new vaccines and antivirals have to be demonstrated by different animal models. The existing primate models, using VARV and MPXV, need very high viral doses that have to be applied intravenously to induce a lethal infection in macaque monkeys. To overcome these drawbacks, the main objective of this study was to develop a primate model in which a smallpox-like disease could be induced by a CPXV virus designated calpox virus which was isolated from a lethal orthopox virus (OPV) outbreak in New World monkeys (marmosets). The new non-human primate model has three major advantages: 1. Working with calpox virus is less challenging and can be done under bio-safety-level two. 2. Mimicking the natural route of VARV infection, intranasally infected marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) reproducibly developed clinical symptoms of an OPV infection and died within two to three days after onset of the first symptoms. High viral loads of calpox virus were detected in blood, saliva and all analyzed organs. 3. Intranasal titration of the virus resulted in a 50 % monkey infectious dose (MID50) of 8.3x102 pfu, a lethal infectious dose 10,000 lower than those used in any other primate model. Moreover, we showed the aptitude of the primate model for the testing of new vaccines since nine to ten weeks after immunization with Vaccinia virus Lister-Elstree marmosets were completely protected against intranasal challenge with 10 MID50 of calpox virus. As the calpox virus/marmoset model overcomes major limitations of current primate models it is suitable to evaluate new vaccines, new vaccination strategies and antiviral therapies.
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Ashworth, Jonathan F. "Immunohistochemical study of marmoset periodontal ligament microvasculature : a confocal laser scanning microscopic study." Title page, contents and summary only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DM/09dma831.pdf.

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Lee, David. "A scanning electron microscopic study of the marmoset palate and periodontium microvasculature using corrosion casts /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DM/09dml477.pdf.

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Blackwood, Nicholas Simon. "Variation in response behaviours in captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)." Thesis, Durham University, 2006. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2744/.

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Individual variation can be seen in many aspects of an organism, from its physical structure to its behaviour. Contributing factors to variation in behaviour may includes, age, genetic differences and even size. The response to new objects and environments is a varying behavioural trait found in a wide range of species. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the causes of variation in response to novel stimuli in the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus. The investigation focused on the effects of sex, age, genetic differences and size. Variation in response was tested by a simple novel stimulus presentation test paradigm. Sixty eight animals were each individually presented with nine novel stimuli in home cage tests. Five measures of response were recorded: latency to approach and contact, duration of proximity and contact, and visual attendance. Responses were analysed and stimuli were categorised as: mirror, food related stimuli, unattractive stimuli and novel stimuli. Response across the nine stimuli was investigated for variation due to sex, age or weight of the subjects. Across the analysis, limited significant sex differences were seen in response to food related stimuli, with males being more responsive. To investigate whether general measures of response could be derived from the individual behaviours recorded, principal component analysis was carried out on the response data, which was split into the four stimulus groups. Simple response continua were successfully derived from components from analysis of mean stimulus group scores. The mirror and food stimulus groups each had two continua, one reflecting latency to response, and one reflecting the duration of time spent near the stimulus. The responses to the unattractive stimulus group and novel stimulus group could each be described by one response continuum. In order to assess whether genetic variation contributed to response, heritability analyses were carried out on both the derived continua and the five response measures, separated by stimulus group. No significant heritabilities were found after correction for multiple comparisons. This study thus demonstrates that sex is a more important determinant of response that individual genetic differences, age or weight in the common marmoset.
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Mork, Amy Lovejoy. "EVOLUTIONARY MORPHOLOGY OF THE MASTICATORY APPARATUS IN TREE GOUGING MARMOSETS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1342796212.

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Kühnel, Friederike. "Erhebung von Blutrichtwerten und deren Beeinflussung durch Haltung und Fütterung beim Weißbüschelaffen (Callithrix jacchus)." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-129437.

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Weißbüschelaffen (WBA) sind wissenschaftlich häufig genutzte Modelltiere für diverse Humanerkrankungen. Zur Gesunderhaltung dieser Primaten sind grundlegende diagnostische Blutparameter unverzichtbar. Bisher erhobene Daten zeichneten sich jedoch durch große Divergenz aus. Ob Veränderungen in Haltungsbedingungen einen Einfluss auf diese Blutparameter nehmen, ist bis heute unklar. Somit war ein Ziel dieser Arbeit die Erhebung aktueller hämatologischer und klinisch-chemischer Blutparameter von WBA. Zudem wurde der Einfluss der routinemäßigen Umsetzung in eine neue Behausung auf die erhobenen Parameter sowie den Kortisolspiegel im Kot untersucht. Des Weiteren leiden WBA in menschlicher Obhut rezidivierend an gastrointestinalen Erkrankungen, die mittels klinischer Standardparameter allein nicht diagnostizierbar sind. Dabei spielt vor allem die Sensitivität gegenüber Futtermittelinhaltsstoffen (z. B. Gluten) eine Rolle, welche ursächlich im Zusammenhang mit dem Wasting Marmoset Syndrome (WMS) diskutiert wird. Im zweiten Teil der vorliegenden Arbeit sollten deshalb die gastrointestinalen Erkrankungen von in menschlicher Obhut lebenden WBA ätiologisch beleuchtet werden, vor allem hinsichtlich einer möglichen Sensitivität gegenüber Gluten. Im ersten Teil dieser Studie wurden von 54 WBA hämatologische und klinischchemische Richtwerte erhoben. Die ermittelten hämatologischen Blutrichtwerte ähneln denen aus den achtziger Jahren, die Daten der klinischen Chemie nur bedingt: Die Richtwertbereiche von Laktatdehydrogenase, Alaninaminotransferase, Lipase sowie Alkalische Phosphatase und Gesamtbilirubin weichen von den ehemals erhobenen Daten ab. Zudem wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit geschlechtsabhängige Unterschiede ermittelt: Weibliche Tiere wiesen signifikant höheres mittleres Erythrozytenvolumen und mittleren Hämoglobingehalt des Einzelerythrozyten auf als männliche Tiere, wohingegen bei diesen ein signifikant höheres Gesamt- und Low density lipoprotein- Cholesterol im Vergleich zu weiblichen Affen messbar war. Des Weiteren wurden 16 Tiere über einen vierwöchigen Zeitraum in eine neue Umgebung verbracht, bevor sie in ihre Heimatbehausung zurückkehrten. Durch diese Umsetzung war bei den untersuchten Tieren die Leuko- und Lymphozytenzahl auch vier Wochen nach der Umsetzung erniedrigt. Zeitgleich lag ein erhöhter Kortisolspiegel vor, der im Kot bestimmt wurde. Im zweiten Teil der Studie wurden anhand humandiagnostischer Standards IgAAntikörper (AK) gegen Gliadin (AGA), Gewebstransglutaminase (tTG), deamidiertes Gliadin (ADGA) sowie Glykoprotein 2 (AGP2A) im Plasma von 24 WBA mittels eines ELISAs während glutenhaltiger (Diät 1) und glutenfreier Ernährung (Diät 2) bestimmt. Dabei wurden die klinische Symptomatik von WMS und das Körpergewicht der Tiere ebenfalls untersucht. Zudem erfolgte die Analyse von Kotproben antikörperpositiver Tiere hinsichtlich Qualität und Trockenmassegehalt während Diät 2 und einer darauf folgenden glutenhaltigen Provokationsdiät. Die serologische Diagnostik ergab einen signifikanten Rückgang von AGA, AK gegen tTG und AGP2A während Diät 2 bei Tieren, die nach Diät 1 erhöhte Werte aufwiesen. Diät 2 führte zu einem Rückgang der klinischen Symptome und einer signifikanten Gewichtszunahme bei antikörperpositiven WBA. Die glutenhaltige Provokationsdiät ergab eine verminderte Kotqualität mit einem niedrigeren Trockenmassegehalt. Es wurden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit aktuelle, hämatologische und klinisch-chemische Blutrichtwerte des WBA erhoben. Der durch Umsetzung in eine neue Behausung bedingte Stress ist bei WBA bis vier Wochen lang nachweisbar. Es ist sinnvoll, dies in der zeitlichen Planung wissenschaftlicher Studien zu berücksichtigen, um das Wohlbefinden der Tiere vor Versuchsbeginn sicherzustellen und den Einfluss von Stress auf experimentelle Ergebnisse zu minimieren. Der Nachweis grundlegender, an der Pathogenese der Zöliakie beteiligter Antikörper, in Kombination mit den klinischen Symptomen, deutet auf Glutensensitivität mit ätiologischer Beteiligung an WMS bei WBA hin. Die glutenfreie Ernährung von WBA in menschlicher Obhut ist daher sinnvoll und empfehlenswert
Common marmosets are often used as animal models for human diseases. For their health maintenance, diagnostic blood values are absolutely essential. Previously obtained reference values are characterized by great value-specific differences. Moreover, the influence of routine measures on these blood parameters, e. g. changes in housing conditions, has not been examined yet. Therefore, the first aim of the present study was to update haematological and clinical chemical blood parameters of common marmosets. Further, the influence of stress, caused by relocation to a new housing, on these parameters and the cortisol level in feces was examined. In addition to that, common marmosets under human management are often affected by gastrointestinal diseases, which are difficult to diagnose with basic standard blood values. In this context, sensitivity to nutritional elements, e. g. gluten, plays an important role and is discussed as a potential cause of wasting marmoset syndrome (WMS). In the second part of this study, the recurrent gastrointestinal diseases of common marmosets under human management were aetiologically investigated, with special regard to possible gluten sensitivity. In the first part of this study, blood samples were obtained from 54 female and male common marmosets to evaluate standard values of haematology and clinical chemistry. The determined haematological parameters are similar to the already obtained data, the clinical chemistry values differ somewhat: The enzyme activities of lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and lipase in addition to the ranges of alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin diverge from the data ascertained in this study. Moreover, female animals presented significantly higher mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin than males, whereas male common marmosets showed significantly higher total- and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, compared to females. Further, 16 animals were relocated to a new environment for a time period of four weeks, before they returned to their home cages. The change of housing caused a decreased leuko- and lymphocyte count in all examined animals that was still measurable four weeks after the relocation. At the same time, an increased fecal cortisol level was determined. The aim of the second study was to investigate the modification of plasma antibodies to gliadin (AGA), tissue transglutaminase (tTG), deamidated gliadin (ADGA) and glycoprotein 2 (AGP2A) during two successive diets in 24 animals: A gluten-containing diet (diet 1) and a gluten-free diet (diet 2). Further, clinical symptoms of WMS and the animals’ body weight were also examined. An analysis of the feces of antibody-positive animals regarding changes in quality and dry matter content was carried out with samples collected during diet 2 and a successive gluten challenge diet of two months duration. The serological diagnostics resulted in a significant decline of AGA, antibodies to tTG and AGP2A during diet 2 in animals that had shown increased antibody concentrations during diet 1. Diet 2 also caused an amelioration of clinical symptoms and an increased body weight in antibody-positive animals. The gluten challenge resulted in a decreased feces quality and a lower fecal dry matter, compared to fecal samples of diet 2. In the context of this dissertation, parameters of haematology and clinical chemistry of the common marmoset were updated. Stress caused by relocation to a new housing was still measurable for a period of four weeks. It is therefore essential to consider this time span in the design of scientific studies to secure animal welfare prior to the study and to reduce the influence of stress on experimental results. In combination with the clinical symptoms, the detection of antibodies that are part of the pathogenesis of coeliac disease in humans strongly suggests gluten sensitivity with an aetiological connection to WMS in common marmosets. Therefore, gluten-free nutrition of common marmosets under human management is highly recommendable
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Ash, Hayley. "Assessing the welfare of laboratory-housed marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) : effects of breeding and infant rearing background." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21794.

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The common marmoset is the most frequently used New World primate in laboratory research and testing. In the UK, their use is strictly controlled by the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, which is underpinned by the principles of humane science: Replacement, Reduction and Refinement. Despite their use, there are a number of problems associated with the breeding of marmosets, including low dam longevity and increasing litter sizes. Large litters have led to high infant mortality and the need for human intervention to improve infant survival, which involves removal from the family for substantial periods of time. Previous research in a range of primate species shows that early life family separation is associated with numerous adverse behavioural and physiological effects. This project therefore sought to systematically investigate the effects of breeding and infant rearing practices, integrating a number of measures to assess the welfare of laboratory- housed marmosets. Potential predictors of dam longevity and litter size were first identified in three captive UK colonies, over four decades. Dam longevity was found to be approximately 6 years, with heavier dams living longer, but overall there was no consistent improvement in longevity over the decades. As longevity varied widely between colonies and over time, environment may be one of the most important factors. Approximately half of all births at each colony were litters larger than two, and these larger litters had greater infant mortality. Only dam weight at conception was useful in predicting litter size, with heavier dams producing larger litters. The consequences of large litters and early separation from the family for supplementary feeding were then investigated. Although twins had lower body weight than 2stays (two infants remaining with the family after death of the other littermate/s) and supplementary fed triplets, they also had the fewest health problems. There was also some evidence that animals from larger litters were more at risk of suffering from extreme low weight. Some minor differences were found in behavioural development between litter sizes. Singleton infants received more rejective rearing, while 2stays received more protective rearing, perhaps following the loss of an infant. While twin infants gained independence earlier than singletons or 2stays, they did not appear to cope better with stress in adulthood, displaying more significant increases in stress-related behaviour following the routine stressor of capture and weighing, compared to 2stays and supplementary fed triplets. While overall cortisol unexpectedly decreased from baseline to post capture, there were only significant fluctuations in 2stay marmosets. Instead, there were some increases in positive behaviour in supplementary fed triplets following the stressor, suggesting enhanced coping ability. However, in another group of supplementary fed triplets, there were subtle increases in depressive-like symptoms, measured using cognitive bias and preference tests, suggesting a reduced expectation of and interest in rewards. There were however no differences between family-reared and supplementary fed marmosets in time to learn a visual discrimination task, or in responses to temperament tests. Therefore, while it was hypothesised that early family separation would have adverse developmental consequences, there were actually very little differences between marmosets of different litter sizes and rearing backgrounds, across the range of measures. Results suggest that the current supplementary feeding programme, along with a regular human socialisation programme, minimises any potential negative effects. However, we should always be finding ways to improve the lives of animals in our care. Possible Refinements include reducing dam weight to increase twin births and improve infant survival, and training to allow supplementary feeding on the carrier’s back, to prevent infant separation and reduce disruption to the family. These Refinements could reduce fear and allow monkeys to become more resilient to the laboratory environment.
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Lloyd, S. A. C. "The neural control of masculine reproductive and social behaviours in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19056.

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Ferrari, Stephen Francis. "The behaviour and ecology of the buffy-headed marmoset, Callithrix flaviceps (O. Thomas, 1903)." Thesis, Online version, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.284007.

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Watson, Claire F. I. "Social contagion in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) : implications for cognition, culture and welfare." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3446.

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The social transmission of social behaviours in nonhuman primates has been understudied, experimentally, relative to instrumental, food-related behaviours. This is disproportional in relation to the comparatively high percentage of potential social traditions reported in wild primates. I report a systematic survey of the social learning literature and provide quantitative evidence of the discrepancy (Watson and Caldwell, 2009). Addressing the identified deficit in experimental work on social behaviours, I also report three empirical studies investigating the contagious nature of affective states in captive, socially housed marmosets. I carried out an observational study, to determine whether marmosets are influenced by spontaneously produced neighbour calls to perform a range of behaviours associated with similar affect. My results supported a neighbour effect for anxiety in marmosets. Consistent with previous findings for chimpanzees (Baker and Aureli, 1996; Videan et al., 2005), I also found evidence for neighbour effects for aggression and affiliation (Watson and Caldwell, 2010). Through experimental playback, I investigated contingent social contagion in the auditory and visual modalities. The playback of pre-recorded affiliative (chirp) calls was found to be associated with marmosets spending increased time in a range of affiliative behaviours. Playback of video showing conspecifics engaged in a positive affiliative behaviour (allogrooming) also appeared to cause marmosets to spend longer performing various affiliative behaviours. My results indicate that social contagion of affiliation is a multi-modal phenomenon in marmosets and also represent the first evidence that allogrooming is visually contagious in primates. Sapolsky (2006) conceptualised culture as the performance of species-typical behaviours to an unusual extent, termed ‘social culture’. Researchers have yet to directly investigate a transmission mechanism. I investigated whether a social culture of increased affiliation could be initiated in marmosets through the long-term playback, of positive calls, or of video of positive behaviour. The results were consistent with a relatively long-lasting influence of the playback of affiliative calls across several affiliative behaviours. The effect appeared to last substantially beyond the specific hours of playback, between playbacks, and after playback had ceased, potentially indicating a temporary shift in social culture. These results are preliminary but provide some support for the proposal that auditory social contagion may be a transmission mechanism for social culture. The long-term video playback of allogrooming appeared to result in a transitory shift in performance of the identical behaviour (increased allogrooming) after playbacks had ceased. In addition to theoretical implications for social cognition and social culture, my findings have potential practical application for the enhancement of welfare in captive marmosets through sensory, and non-contact social, enrichment.
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Books on the topic "Marmosets"

1

Whitehead, Malcolm. The welfare of pet marmosets. Potters Bar: Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, 1987.

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Association of British Wild Animal Keepers. Symposium. Marmosets and tamarins in captivity. Bristol: The Association, 1993.

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B, Rylands Anthony, ed. Marmosets and tamarins: Systematics, behaviour, and ecology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.

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Williams, Jean Balch. Behavioral observations of feral marmosets and tamarins (callitrichidae): A bibliography, 1980-1991. Seattle, Wash: Primate Information Center, Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington, 1991.

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Williams, Jean Balch. Conservation of marmosets, tamarins, and callimico (Callitrichidae): A bibliography, 1980-1992. Seattle, Wash: Primate Information Center, Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington, 1992.

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Williams, Jean Balch. Conservation of marmosets, tamarins, and callimico (Callitrichidae): A bibliography: 1980-1992. Seattle: Primate Information Center, Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington, 1992., 1992.

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S, Ashwell Ken W., ed. Stereotaxic and chemoarchitectural atlas of the brain of the common marmoset. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2012.

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Maas, Jochen. Quantitative Calciumkinetik und der Einfluss verschiedener Vitamon-D-Metabolite bei Ratten und Marmosets. [s.l.]: [s.n.], 1989.

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Nunez, Sigrid. Mitz: The marmoset of Bloomsbury. New York: HarperFlamingo, 1998.

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Johnson, Anne Frances, and Lida Anestidou, eds. Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing-Based Biomedical Research. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/25356.

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Book chapters on the topic "Marmosets"

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Manciocco, Arianna, Sarah J. Neal Webb, and Michele M. Mulholland. "Behavioral Biology of Marmosets." In Behavioral Biology of Laboratory Animals, 377–94. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429019517-26.

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Jagessar, S. Anwar, Karin Dijkman, Jordon Dunham, Bert A. ‘t Hart, and Yolanda S. Kap. "Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Marmosets." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 171–86. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7651_2014_113.

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Ferrari, Stephen F. "Conservation of the Marmosets and Callimicos." In The Smallest Anthropoids, 465–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0293-1_23.

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Scott, Leah. "Environmental enrichment for single housed common marmosets." In Primate Responses to Environmental Change, 265–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3110-0_14.

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Tardif, Suzette D., Arrilton Araujo, M. Fatima Arruda, Jeffrey A. French, M. Bernardete C. Sousa, and M. Emilia Yamamoto. "Reproduction and Aging in Marmosets and Tamarins." In Primate Reproductive Aging, 29–48. Basel: KARGER, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000137678.

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Voelkl, Bernhard, and Ludwig Huber. "Hand Rearing of Infant Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)." In Nursery Rearing of Nonhuman Primates in the 21st Century, 121–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-25640-5_8.

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Huber, Ludwig, and Bernhard Voelkl. "Social and Physical Cognition in Marmosets and Tamarins." In The Smallest Anthropoids, 183–201. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0293-1_10.

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Vinyard, Christopher J., Christine E. Wall, Susan H. Williams, Amy L. Mork, Brooke A. Armfield, Leonardo César de Oliveira Melo, Mônica M. Valença-Montenegro, et al. "The Evolutionary Morphology of Tree Gouging in Marmosets." In The Smallest Anthropoids, 395–409. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0293-1_20.

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Digby, Leslie J., and Claudio E. Barreto. "Activity and Ranging Patterns in Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)." In Adaptive Radiations of Neotropical Primates, 173–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8770-9_10.

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de la Torre, Stella, Pablo Yépez, and Charles T. Snowdon. "Conservation Status of Pygmy Marmosets (Cebuella Pygmaea) in Ecuador." In The Smallest Anthropoids, 451–64. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0293-1_22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Marmosets"

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Richter, Susanne. "Ultrastructural analysis of callitrichid hepatitis in captive marmosets and tamarins." In European Microscopy Congress 2020. Royal Microscopical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22443/rms.emc2020.195.

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Weitz, J., S. Landman, and S. Birken. "IDENTIFICATION OF A NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE CLEAVAGE SITE ON THE Act -CHAIN OF PRIMATE FIBRINOGEN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643896.

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Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) cleaves the Aα21-22 bond of fibrinogen thus releasing the fibrinopeptide A (FPA)-containing fragment Aαl-21. Plasma Aal-21 levels reflect in vivo HNE activity and peptide levels are increased in cigarette smokers and patients with chronic lung disease. To further explore the HNE-fibrinogen interaction, we set out to develop an animal model. The digestion of purified baboon and marmoset fibrinogen by human thrombin, HNE and extracts of baboon and marmoset neutrophils was monitored with a specific radioimmunoassay for human FPA. Thrcmbin produced quantitative release (2 mol/mol fibrinogen) of FPA. In contrast, HNE and the neutrophil extracts did not release FPA, but rather, produced quantitative release of a larger, FPA-containing fragment. Immunochemically, this fragment was clearly distinguishable from FPA in that in vitro thrombin treatment increased its immunoreactivity 1,000-fold (thrombin increasable FPA or TIFPA). TIFPA release by the neutrophil extracts was blocked by α1-proteinase inhibitor, a specific HNE inhibitor (MeO-Suc-Ala2-Pro-ValCH2Cl) and an anti-HNE IgG, indicating that elastase was the responsible proteinase and that there was homology between the human and primate enzymes. The products of HNE and neutrophil extract proteolysis of the primate fibrinogens were then separated by high performance liquid chromatography and the TIFPA-containing fractions were subjected to amino acid sequence analysis. The FPA-containing fragments each consisted of 21 amino acids, had minor substitutions when compared with human A α] -21 [Baboon: Aα(3) Ser - Thr; Marmoset Aα(l) Ala - Thr, Aα(3) Ser - Thr, Aα(ll) Glu - Ala], and exhibited complete crossreactivity with the human peptide. Using the TIFPA assay, there was good recovery of primate or human Aαl-21 added to primate blood and the mean peptide level in 8 healthy marmosets was similar to that in man (0.5 nM and 0.4 nM, respectively). In conclusion, (1) the Aα;21 -22 bond of baboon and marmoset fibrinogen is a cleavage site for human and primate elastase, (2) baboon and marmoset Aal-21 can be measured with the assay for the human peptide, and (3) the primate serves as a useful model for the study of elastase-fibrinogen interactions.
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Zurcher, Yvonne, Erik P. Willems, and Judith M. Burkart. "Vocal accommodation in common marmosets: Does similarity buffer tension during pair bond development?" In The Evolution of Language. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on the Evolution of Language (Evolang12). Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/3991-1.138.

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Uesaka, Minato, Hideto Kawauchi, Kouei Yamaoka, Yukoh Wakabayashi, Yuma Kinoshita, Nobutaka Ono, Jun Noguchi, et al. "Automatic Call Classification of Autism Model Marmosets by Deep Learning and Analysis of Their Vocal Development." In 2023 Asia Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA ASC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apsipaasc58517.2023.10317121.

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Spacco, Jaime, David Hovemeyer, William Pugh, Fawzi Emad, Jeffrey K. Hollingsworth, and Nelson Padua-Perez. "Experiences with marmoset." In the 11th annual SIGCSE conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1140124.1140131.

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Spacco, Jaime, William Pugh, Nat Ayewah, and David Hovemeyer. "The Marmoset project." In Companion to the 21st ACM SIGPLAN conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1176617.1176665.

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Verma, Sakshi, K. L. Prateek, Karthik Pandia, Nauman Dawalatabad, Rogier Landman, Jitendra Sharma, Mriganka Sur, and Hema A. Murthy. "Discovering Language in Marmoset Vocalization." In Interspeech 2017. ISCA: ISCA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2017-842.

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Spacco, Jaime, Jaymie Strecker, David Hovemeyer, and William Pugh. "Software repository mining with Marmoset." In the 2005 international workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1083142.1083149.

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Veale, Richard, Chih-yang Chen, and Tadashi Isa. "Marmoset Monkeys Model Human Infant Gaze?" In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning (ICDL). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdl49984.2021.9515602.

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Troilo, David. "Changes in Retinal Morphology following Experimentally Induced Myopia." In Vision Science and its Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1998.suc.4.

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The effects of increased eye size on retinal cell topography and morphology were examined using experimental animal models of myopia (chick and marmoset). Retinas from experimentally enlarged eyes have significantly larger areas than control eyes. Changes in the topography of cell density and the morphological structure of dendritic arbors of cells in the inner retina are consistent with the hypothesis that the retina stretches as the eye grows. In the marmoset, experimentally enlarged eyes had higher foveal cone densities than controls suggesting that stretch is an important factor in the increasing photoreceptor packing observed during normal foveal development. The increased axial length, retinal magnification, and foveal photoreceptor packing in experimental myopia suggest that the potential for higher acuity vision exists in human myopes. Any observed limitations in the acuity in myopes may result from other causes.
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Reports on the topic "Marmosets"

1

Langenberg, Jan P., Hendrik P. Benschop, M. J. van der Schans, and L. P. de Jong. Effect of Pretreatment With Human Butyrylcholinesterase Scavengers on the Toxicokinetics and Binding of Nerve Agents in Guinea Pigs and Marmosets. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada406189.

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Langenberg, Jan P. Inhalation and Percutaneous Toxicokinetics of Sulfur Mustard and Its adducts in Hairless Guinea Pigs and Marmosets. Efficacy of Nasal Scavengers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada429937.

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Arkani-Hamed, Nima, Philip Schuster, Natalia Toro, Jesse Thaler, Lian-Tao Wang, Bruce Knuteson, and Stephen Mrenna. MARMOSET: The Path from LHC Data to the New Standard Model via On-Shell Effective Theories. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/902546.

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