Journal articles on the topic 'Marmoset monkeys'
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1
LaBonte, Jason A., Gregory J. Babcock, Trushar Patel, and Joseph Sodroski. "Blockade of HIV-1 Infection of New World Monkey Cells Occurs Primarily at the Stage of Virus Entry." Journal of Experimental Medicine 196, no. 4 (August 12, 2002): 431–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20020468.
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HIV-1 naturally infects chimpanzees and humans, but does not infect Old World monkeys because of replication blocks that occur after virus entry into the cell. To understand the species-specific restrictions operating on HIV-1 infection, the ability of HIV-1 to infect the cells of New World monkeys was examined. Primary cells derived from common marmosets and squirrel monkeys support every phase of HIV-1 replication with the exception of virus entry. Efficient HIV-1 entry typically requires binding of the viral envelope glycoproteins and host cell receptors, CD4 and either CCR5 or CXCR4 chemokine receptors. HIV-1 did not detectably bind or utilize squirrel monkey CD4 for entry, and marmoset CD4 was also very inefficient compared with human CD4. A marmoset CD4 variant, in which residues 48 and 59 were altered to the amino acids found in human CD4, supported HIV-1 entry efficiently. The CXCR4 molecules of both marmosets and squirrel monkeys supported HIV-1 infection, but the CCR5 proteins of both species were only marginally functional. These results demonstrate that the CD4 and CCR5 proteins of New World monkeys represent the major restriction against HIV-1 replication in these primates. Directed adaptation of the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins to common marmoset receptors might allow the development of New World monkey models of HIV-1 infection.
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Woller, Michael J., Pam L. Tannenbaum, Nancy J. Schultz-Darken, Bruce D. Eshelman, and David H. Abbott. "Pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone release from hypothalamic explants of male marmoset monkeys compared with male rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 298, no. 1 (January 2010): R70—R78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00193.2009.
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The present study was conducted to quantify in vitro gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release parameters in the male marmoset. We established primary cultures of marmoset hypothalamic tissues for ∼2 days (marmosets) to assess GnRH release profiles in vitro in hypothalamic explants from testis-intact and gonadectomized males. Pulsatile GnRH release profiles were readily demonstrated from in vitro hypothalamic explants isolated from adult male marmoset monkeys. Gonadectomy of male marmosets resulted in elevated mean GnRH and pulse amplitude from hypothalamic explants on the 1st day of culture ( day 0). GnRH pulse amplitude increased by day 2 in ∼67% of hypothalamic explants from testis-intact marmosets, suggesting release from an endogenous regulator of GnRH. We also measured GnRH release profiles in vitro in hypothalamic explants from testis-intact and gonadectomized rats. Male rats showed no changes in any concentration or frequency release parameters for GnRH following gonadectomy or during successive days in culture. The present study represents a unique examination of GnRH release from male marmoset monkey hypothalamic tissue and compares release dynamics directly with those obtained from male rat, suggesting a species difference in feedback regulation of GnRH release.
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Takahashi, N., S. Suda, T. Shinki, N. Horiuchi, Y. Shiina, Y. Tanioka, H. Koizumi, and T. Suda. "The mechanism of end-organ resistance to 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the common marmoset." Biochemical Journal 227, no. 2 (April 15, 1985): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2270555.
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The common marmoset, a New World monkey, requires a large amount of cholecalciferol (110 i.u./day per 100g body wt.) to maintain its normal growth. In a previous report, we demonstrated that the circulating levels of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1 alpha,25(OH)2D3] in the marmosets are much higher than those in rhesus monkeys and humans, but the marmosets are not hypercalcaemic [Shinki, Shiina, Takahashi, Tanioka, Koizumi & Suda (1983) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 14, 452-457]. To compare the effect of the daily intake of cholecalciferol, two rhesus monkeys were given a large amount of cholecalciferol (900 i.u./day per 100g body wt). Their serum levels of calcium, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol were markedly elevated, but the serum 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 levels remained within a range similar to those in the rhesus monkeys fed the normal diet (intake of cholecalciferol 5 i.u./day per 100g body wt). Intestinal cytosols prepared from both monkeys contained similar 3.5 S macromolecules to which 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 was bound specifically. However, the cytosols from the marmosets contained only one-sixth as many 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 receptors as those from the rhesus monkeys. Furthermore, the activity of the 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3-receptor complex in binding to DNA-cellulose was very low in the marmosets. These results suggest that the marmoset possesses an end-organ resistance to 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 and is a useful animal model for studying the mechanism of vitamin D-dependent rickets, type II.
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Hori, Yuki, Justine C. Cléry, Janahan Selvanayagam, David J. Schaeffer, Kevin D. Johnston, Ravi S. Menon, and Stefan Everling. "Interspecies activation correlations reveal functional correspondences between marmoset and human brain areas." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 37 (September 7, 2021): e2110980118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2110980118.
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The common marmoset has enormous promise as a nonhuman primate model of human brain functions. While resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) has provided evidence for a similar organization of marmoset and human cortices, the technique cannot be used to map the functional correspondences of brain regions between species. This limitation can be overcome by movie-driven fMRI (md-fMRI), which has become a popular tool for noninvasively mapping the neural patterns generated by rich and naturalistic stimulation. Here, we used md-fMRI in marmosets and humans to identify whole-brain functional correspondences between the two primate species. In particular, we describe functional correlates for the well-known human face, body, and scene patches in marmosets. We find that these networks have a similar organization in both species, suggesting a largely conserved organization of higher-order visual areas between New World marmoset monkeys and humans. However, while face patches in humans and marmosets were activated by marmoset faces, only human face patches responded to the faces of other animals. Together, the results demonstrate that higher-order visual processing might be a conserved feature between humans and New World marmoset monkeys but that small, potentially important functional differences exist.
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Tardif, Suzette, and Corinna Ross. "MARMOSET MONKEYS AS A MODEL OF AGING." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S8—S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.028.
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Abstract Interest in the New World Monkey, the common marmoset, as a nonhuman primate aging model is growing. Because marmosets have a fast maturation and short life span compared with more commonly used Old World monkey models, the aging research community began to explore the potential of this model species. In addition, the relative ease with which marmosets can be bred in a barrier environment enhances their value as a life-span model. Since that time, efforts to better define what aging actually looks like in marmosets has intensified. Important findings of the past decade include: (1) a refined definition of lifespan in this species and what affects age-specific survival; (2) assessments of age-related pathological changes; (3) development of functional phenotyping relevant to aging, such as activiyy, strength, body composition, cytokine profiling; (4) support of studies using the marmoset as a preclinical model to test intervention that may modulate the aging process.
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Žagar, Žiga, Klemen Šmalc, Pia Kristina Primožič, Pavel Kvapil, and Ana Nemec. "Oral and Dental Examinations Findings in 15 Zoo Bolivian Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis) and Black-Tufted Marmosets (Callithrix penicillata)." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 38, no. 2 (June 2021): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08987564211041781.
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As part of an annual wellness evaluation, we performed oral and dental examination under general anesthesia in 7 zoo Bolivian squirrel monkeys aged 10 and 15 years, and 8 zoo black-tufted marmosets aged between 1 and 7 years. No oral discomfort was observed in any animal prior to the procedure. Apart from dilacerated roots of second mandibular incisor teeth in Bolivian squirrel monkeys and one case of presumably odontodysplasia in a black-tufted marmoset, no major variations in number and shape of the present teeth and roots were revealed. All 15 animals had gingivitis, but periodontitis was only diagnosed in 3 black-tufted marmosets. Most commonly diagnosed dental pathology in Bolivian squirrel monkeys was attrition/abrasion, affecting 11.9% of all teeth, followed by caries, which was only diagnosed in older animals. Altogether 8 fractured teeth were diagnosed in Bolivian squirrel monkeys only, with root fracture being the most common type, followed by complicated crown fracture and complicated crown-root fracture. Radiographic signs of endodontic disease were found in 10 teeth in Bolivian squirrel monkeys and in one nonvital tooth with intact crown in a black-tufted marmoset. We associated high occurrence of caries in the older Bolivian squirrel monkeys with their diet and saliva characteristics of these animals. Lack of any periodontitis in Bolivian squirrel monkeys may partially be attributed to limitations of radiography technique, although squirrel monkeys appear to be far less susceptible to naturally occurring periodontitis than marmosets.
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Pattison, J. Christina, David H. Abbott, Wendy Saltzman, Ann D. Nguyen, Gary Henderson, Hongwu Jing, Christopher R. Pryce, Amy J. Allen, Alan J. Conley, and Ian M. Bird. "Male Marmoset Monkeys Express an Adrenal Fetal Zone at Birth, But Not a Zona Reticularis in Adulthood." Endocrinology 146, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2004-0689.
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Neonatal human males produce high levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfo-conjugated form (DS) that decline within a few months of birth, due to regression of the adrenal fetal zone (FZ). Adult male humans and rhesus monkeys produce C19 steroids in abundance from the adrenal zona reticularis (ZR). Male marmoset monkeys produce DS at birth, but unlike humans and rhesus monkeys, do not produce comparable amounts of DHEA and DS in adulthood. To determine whether male marmosets express a functional ZR in adulthood, we examined adult and neonatal male marmosets for the presence of a ZR and FZ, respectively. Exogenous ACTH failed to stimulate DHEA or DS in adults, and dexamethasone treatment failed to suppress DHEA and DS, although cortisol levels changed as expected. In steroidogenic tissues, the key proteins necessary to synthesize C19 steroids from pregnenolone are P450c17, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced) oxido-reductase cytochrome P450 (reductase), and cytochromeb5 (cytb5). Adult adrenal cross sections showed P450c17 and reductase protein expression throughout the cortex but showed no expected decrease in 3β-HSD and increase in cytb5 in the innermost region. Western analysis confirmed these data, demonstrating comparable P450c17 expression to rhesus monkeys, but not cytb5. HPLC analysis revealed similar 17α-hydroxylase action on pregnenolone for adult marmoset and rhesus adrenal microsomes but greatly diminished 17,20-lyase activity in marmosets. Neonatal marmoset adrenals exhibited staining indicative of a putative FZ (with P450c17, reduced 3β-HSD and increased cytb5). We conclude that neonatal marmosets exhibit a C19 steroid-secreting FZ similar to humans, but adult males fail to acquire a functional ZR.
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Ma, Liya, Janahan Selvanayagam, Maryam Ghahremani, Lauren K. Hayrynen, Kevin D. Johnston, and Stefan Everling. "Single-unit activity in marmoset posterior parietal cortex in a gap saccade task." Journal of Neurophysiology 123, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 896–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00614.2019.
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Abnormal saccadic eye movements can serve as biomarkers for patients with several neuropsychiatric disorders. The common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus) is becoming increasingly popular as a nonhuman primate model to investigate the cortical mechanisms of saccadic control. Recently, our group demonstrated that microstimulation in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) of marmosets elicits contralateral saccades. Here we recorded single-unit activity in the PPC of the same two marmosets using chronic microelectrode arrays while the monkeys performed a saccadic task with gap trials (target onset lagged fixation point offset by 200 ms) interleaved with step trials (fixation point disappeared when the peripheral target appeared). Both marmosets showed a gap effect, shorter saccadic reaction times (SRTs) in gap vs. step trials. On average, stronger gap-period responses across the entire neuronal population preceded shorter SRTs on trials with contralateral targets although this correlation was stronger among the 15% “gap neurons,” which responded significantly during the gap. We also found 39% “target neurons” with significant saccadic target-related responses, which were stronger in gap trials and correlated with the SRTs better than the remaining neurons. Compared with saccades with relatively long SRTs, short-SRT saccades were preceded by both stronger gap-related and target-related responses in all PPC neurons, regardless of whether such response reached significance. Our findings suggest that the PPC in the marmoset contains an area that is involved in the modulation of saccadic preparation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY As a primate model in systems neuroscience, the marmoset is a great complement to the macaque monkey because of its unique advantages. To identify oculomotor networks in the marmoset, we recorded from the marmoset posterior parietal cortex during a saccadic task and found single-unit activities consistent with a role in saccadic modulation. This finding supports the marmoset as a valuable model for studying oculomotor control.
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Fereydouni, B., C. Drummer, N. Aeckerle, S. Schlatt, and R. Behr. "The neonatal marmoset monkey ovary is very primitive exhibiting many oogonia." REPRODUCTION 148, no. 2 (August 2014): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-14-0068.
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Oogonia are characterized by diploidy and mitotic proliferation. Human and mouse oogonia express several factors such as OCT4, which are characteristic of pluripotent cells. In human, almost all oogonia enter meiosis between weeks 9 and 22 of prenatal development or undergo mitotic arrest and subsequent elimination from the ovary. As a consequence, neonatal human ovaries generally lack oogonia. The same was found in neonatal ovaries of the rhesus monkey, a representative of the old world monkeys (Catarrhini). By contrast, proliferating oogonia were found in adult prosimians (now called Strepsirrhini), which is a group of ‘lower’ primates. The common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) belongs to the new world monkeys (Platyrrhini) and is increasingly used in reproductive biology and stem cell research. However, ovarian development in the marmoset monkey has not been widely investigated. Herein, we show that the neonatal marmoset ovary has an extremely immature histological appearance compared with the human ovary. It contains numerous oogonia expressing the pluripotency factors OCT4A, SALL4, and LIN28A (LIN28). The pluripotency factor-positive germ cells also express the proliferation marker MKI67 (Ki-67), which has previously been shown in the human ovary to be restricted to premeiotic germ cells. Together, the data demonstrate the primitiveness of the neonatal marmoset ovary compared with human. This study may introduce the marmoset monkey as a non-human primate model to experimentally study the aspects of primate primitive gonad development, follicle assembly, and germ cell biology in vivo.
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Mills, Penniston, and Tanumihardjo. "Extra-Hepatic Vitamin A Concentrations in Captive Rhesus (Macaca Mulatta) and Marmoset (Callithrix Jacchus) Monkeys Fed Excess Vitamin A." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 75, no. 2 (March 1, 2005): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.75.2.126.
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Recent work examining vitamin A (VA) status of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) used as models for human biomedical research has revealed subtoxic hepatic VA concentrations. Livers of marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus), another experimental animal, were also high in VA as was serum retinyl ester concentration. Both species consumed common research diets that provided up to four times the amount of VA (retinyl acetate) as currently recommended by the National Research Council. To further define the effects of chronically high dietary VA as found in many human subpopulations, we analyzed lung and kidney tissues from subtoxic rhesus and marmoset monkeys (n = 10 each) for retinol and retinyl esters. Marmoset kidneys contained 0.88 ± 0.66 mumol VA/g and was nearly the same as hepatic VA at 1.40 ± 0.44 mumol/g (p = 0.143). In contrast, rhesus kidney VA concentrations were 0.0100 ± 0.0032 mumol/g, even though liver reserves were 18.8 ± 6.4 mumol VA/g (p < 0.0001). Lung tissue VA concentrations, 0.0022 ± 0.0012 and 0.0061 ± 0.0025 mumol/g for marmosets and rhesus, respectively, were lower as compared with kidney (p < 0.011). Kidney and lung VA in monkeys with adequate, but not excessive, VA stores have not been determined; hence, interpretation of these findings is limited to tissue retinol and retinyl ester profiles and extrapolation from other species rather than direct comparison to "normal" values.
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Amato, F., AP Simula, LJ Gameau, and RJ Norman. "Expression, characterisation and immunoassay of recombinant marmoset chorionic gonadotrophin dimer and beta-subunit." Journal of Endocrinology 159, no. 1 (October 1, 1998): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1590141.
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A specific and sensitive ELISA for measuring marmoset chorionic gonadotrophin (mCG) in culture medium, urine and plasma was developed using a polyclonal antibody raised against recombinant mCG, tagged with six histidine molecules (rmCG-6His), as the capture antibody. A well-characterised monoclonal antibody (518B7), which was generated against bovine luteinising hormone (bLH) and has been shown to detect CG and LH in Callithrichid monkeys, was biotinylated and used as the secondary antibody. Purified rmCG, calibrated against human CG (hCG; CR127) by bioassay, or the beta-subunit (rmCGbeta), quantified from amino acid analysis and carbohydrate analysis, was used as the standard. The assay was able to detect CG activity in medium collected from cultured marmoset embryos before attachment and through to the trophoblastic vesicle stage, plasma and urine collected from pregnant marmosets, marmoset placenta and pituitary homogenates. The assay was validated and its performance compared with a bioassay based on MA10 cell response to CG, with hCG as the standard. The sensitivity was 103 pg/ml (5 pg/well) of rmCGbeta and 476 pg/ml (24 pg/well) of the heterodimer rmCG. The mean recovery of standard added to embryo culture medium, marmoset urine and plasma was 104, 112 and 92% respectively. The intra- and interassay variation was less than 10 and 16% respectively. The low cross-reactivity with cynomolgus monkey and baboon LH, their beta-subunits, cynomolgus monkey and baboon follicle-stimulating hormone and hCG suggests that the assay is specific for mCG.
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Korbmacher, Birgit, Jenny Atorf, Stephanie Fridrichs-Gromoll, Marilyn Hill, Sven Korte, Jan Kremers, Keith Mansfield, Lars Mecklenburg, Andrew Pilling, and Andreas Wiederhold. "Feasibility of intravitreal injections and ophthalmic safety assessment in marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) monkeys." Primate Biology 4, no. 1 (April 28, 2017): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/pb-4-93-2017.
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Abstract. To safeguard patients, regulatory authorities require that new drugs that are to be given by the intravitreal (IVT) route are assessed for their safety in a laboratory species using the same route of administration. Due to the high similarity of ocular morphology and physiology between humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs) and due to the species specificity of many biotherapeutics, the monkey is often the only appropriate model. To this end, intravitreal administration and assessment of ocular toxicity are well established in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). In contrast, the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) is not a standard model for ocular toxicity studies due to its general sensitivity to laboratory investigations and small eye size. It was the purpose of the present work to study whether the marmoset is a useful alternative to the cynomolgus monkey for use in intravitreal toxicological studies. Six marmoset monkeys received repeated (every 2 weeks for a total of four doses) intravitreal injections of 10 or 20 µL of a placebo. The animals were assessed for measurements of intraocular pressure (IOP), standard ophthalmological investigations and electroretinography (ERG). At the end of the dosing period, the animals were sacrificed and the eyes were evaluated histologically. ERG revealed similar results when comparing predose to end-of-study data, and there was no difference between the two dose volumes. A transient increase in the IOP was seen immediately after dosing, which was more pronounced after dosing of 20 µL compared to 10 µL. Ophthalmologic and microscopic observations did not show any significant changes. Therefore, it can be concluded that 10 µL as well as 20 µL intravitreal injections of a placebo are well tolerated in the marmoset. These results demonstrate that the common marmoset is an alternative to the cynomolgus monkey for intravitreal toxicity testing.
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Wang, Xiaoqin, and Siddhartha C. Kadia. "Differential Representation of Species-Specific Primate Vocalizations in the Auditory Cortices of Marmoset and Cat." Journal of Neurophysiology 86, no. 5 (November 1, 2001): 2616–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.5.2616.
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A number of studies in various species have demonstrated that natural vocalizations generally produce stronger neural responses than do their time-reversed versions. The majority of neurons in the primary auditory cortex (A1) of marmoset monkeys responds more strongly to natural marmoset vocalizations than to the time-reversed vocalizations. However, it was unclear whether such differences in neural responses were simply due to the difference between the acoustic structures of natural and time-reversed vocalizations or whether they also resulted from the difference in behavioral relevance of both types of the stimuli. To address this issue, we have compared neural responses to natural and time-reversed marmoset twitter calls in A1 of cats with those obtained from A1 of marmosets using identical stimuli. It was found that the preference for natural marmoset twitter calls demonstrated in marmoset A1 was absent in cat A1. While both cortices responded approximately equally to time-reversed twitter calls, marmoset A1 responded much more strongly to natural twitter calls than did cat A1. This differential representation of marmoset vocalizations in two cortices suggests that experience-dependent and possibly species-specific mechanisms are involved in cortical processing of communication sounds.
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Choi, Jung Yoon, Daniel Y. Takahashi, and Asif A. Ghazanfar. "Cooperative vocal control in marmoset monkeys via vocal feedback." Journal of Neurophysiology 114, no. 1 (July 2015): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00228.2015.
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Humans adjust speech amplitude as a function of distance from a listener; we do so in a manner that would compensate for such distance. This ability is presumed to be the product of high-level sociocognitive skills. Nonhuman primates are thought to lack such socially related flexibility in vocal production. Using predictions from a simple arousal-based model whereby vocal feedback from a conspecific modulates the drive to produce a vocalization, we tested whether another primate exhibits this type of cooperative vocal control. We conducted a playback experiment with marmoset monkeys and simulated “far-away” and “nearby” conspecifics using contact calls that differed in sound intensity. We found that marmoset monkeys increased the amplitude of their contact calls and produced such calls with shorter response latencies toward more distant conspecifics. The same was not true in response to changing levels of background noise. To account for how simulated conspecific distance can change both the amplitude and timing of vocal responses, we developed a model that incorporates dynamic interactions between the auditory system and limbic “drive” systems. Overall, our data show that, like humans, marmoset monkeys cooperatively control the acoustics of their vocalizations according to changes in listener distance, increasing the likelihood that a conspecific will hear their call. However, we propose that such cooperative vocal control is a system property that does not necessitate any particularly advanced sociocognitive skill. At least in marmosets, this vocal control can be parsimoniously explained by the regulation of arousal states across two interacting individuals via vocal feedback.
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Walker, Jeffrey D., Friederice Pirschel, Nicholas Gidmark, Jason N. MacLean, and Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos. "A platform for semiautomated voluntary training of common marmosets for behavioral neuroscience." Journal of Neurophysiology 123, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 1420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00300.2019.
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Generally behavioral neuroscience studies of the common marmoset employ adaptations of well-established training methods used with macaque monkeys. However, in many cases these approaches do not readily generalize to marmosets indicating a need for alternatives. Here we present the development of one such alternate: a platform for semiautomated, voluntary in-home cage behavioral training that allows for the study of naturalistic behaviors. We describe the design and production of a modular behavioral training apparatus using CAD software and digital fabrication. We demonstrate that this apparatus permits voluntary behavioral training and data collection throughout the marmoset’s waking hours with little experimenter intervention. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of this apparatus to reconstruct the kinematics of the marmoset’s upper limb movement during natural foraging behavior. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The study of marmosets in neuroscience has grown rapidly and presents unique challenges. We address those challenges with an innovative platform for semiautomated, voluntary training that allows marmosets to train throughout their waking hours with minimal experimenter intervention. We describe the use of this platform to capture upper limb kinematics during foraging and to expand the opportunities for behavioral training beyond the limits of traditional training sessions. This flexible platform can easily incorporate other tasks.
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Heckmann, L., D. Langenstroth-Röwer, J. Wistuba, J. M. D. Portela, A. M. M. van Pelt, K. Redmann, J. B. Stukenborg, S. Schlatt, and N. Neuhaus. "The initial maturation status of marmoset testicular tissues has an impact on germ cell maintenance and somatic cell response in tissue fragment culture." Molecular Human Reproduction 26, no. 6 (April 1, 2020): 374–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gaaa024.
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Abstract Successful in vitro spermatogenesis was reported using immature mouse testicular tissues in a fragment culture approach, raising hopes that this method could also be applied for fertility preservation in humans. Although maintaining immature human testicular tissue fragments in culture is feasible for an extended period, it remains unknown whether germ cell survival and the somatic cell response depend on the differentiation status of tissue. Employing the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus), we aimed to assess whether the maturation status of prepubertal and peri-/pubertal testicular tissues influence the outcome of testis fragment culture. Testicular tissue fragments from 4- and 8-month-old (n = 3, each) marmosets were cultured and evaluated after 0, 7, 14, 28 and 42 days. Immunohistochemistry was performed for identification and quantification of germ cells (melanoma-associated antigen 4) and Sertoli cell maturation status (anti-Müllerian hormone: AMH). During testis fragment culture, spermatogonial numbers were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the 4- but not 8-month-old monkeys, at Day 0 versus Day 42 of culture. Moreover, while Sertoli cells from 4-month-old monkeys maintained an immature phenotype (i.e. AMH expression) during culture, AMH expression was regained in two of the 8-month-old monkeys. Interestingly, progression of differentiation to later meiotic stage was solely observed in one 8-month-old marmoset, which was at an intermediate state regarding germ cell content, with gonocytes as well as spermatocytes present, as well as Sertoli cell maturation status. Although species-specific differences might influence the outcome of testis fragment experiments in vitro, our study demonstrated that the developmental status of the testicular tissues needs to be considered as it seems to be decisive for germ cell maintenance, somatic cell response and possibly the differentiation potential.
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Pacheco, Beatriz, Stephane Basmaciogullari, Jason A. LaBonte, Shi-Hua Xiang, and Joseph Sodroski. "Adaptation of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoproteins to New World Monkey Receptors." Journal of Virology 82, no. 1 (October 24, 2007): 346–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01299-07.
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ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection encounters an early block in the cells of New World monkeys because the CD4 receptor does not efficiently support HIV-1 entry. We adapted HIV-1(NL4-3) and HIV-1(KB9), two HIV-1 variants with different envelope glycoproteins, to replicate efficiently in cells expressing the CD4 and CXCR4 proteins of the common marmoset, a New World monkey. The HIV-1(NL4-3) adaptation involves three gp120 changes that result in a specific increase in affinity for the marmoset CD4 glycoprotein. The already high affinity of the HIV-1(KB9) envelope glycoproteins for marmoset CD4 did not significantly change as a result of the adaptation. Instead, changes in the gp120 variable loops and gp41 ectodomain resulted in improved replication in cells expressing the marmoset receptors. HIV-1(KB9) became relatively sensitive to neutralization by soluble CD4 and antibodies as a result of the adaptation. These results demonstrate the distinct mechanistic pathways by which the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins can adapt to less-than-optimal CD4 molecules and provide HIV-1 variants that can overcome some of the early blocks in New World monkey cells.
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Kiyotaki, M., R. C. Desrosiers, and N. L. Letvin. "Herpesvirus saimiri strain 11 immortalizes a restricted marmoset T8 lymphocyte subpopulation in vitro." Journal of Experimental Medicine 164, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 926–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.164.3.926.
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Herpesvirus saimiri induces a fatal lymphoproliferative syndrome in a variety of New World primate species. We now show that cell lines derived from PBL of the common marmoset by in vitro-immortalization with H. saimiri strain 11 represent a remarkably restricted lymphocyte population. These cell lines have NK cell function, phenotypically express both suppressor/cytotoxic (T8) and NK cell (NKH1)-associated antigens, and express a T cell receptor. This subpopulation of lymphocytes is a very minor population of cells in the peripheral blood of common marmosets (less than or equal to 3%). The specificity in the interaction between H. saimiri strain 11 and a subpopulation of common marmoset lymphocytes represents an example of a restricted viral lymphotropism and may have important implications for the disease induced by this virus in New World monkeys.
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Miss, Fabia M., and Judith M. Burkart. "Corepresentation During Joint Action in Marmoset Monkeys (Callithrix jacchus)." Psychological Science 29, no. 6 (April 27, 2018): 984–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797618772046.
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Behavioral coordination is a fundamental element of human cooperation. It is facilitated when individuals represent not only their own actions but also those of their partner. Identifying whether action corepresentation is unique to humans or also present in other species is therefore necessary to fully understand the evolution of human cooperation. We used the auditory joint Simon task to assess whether action corepresentation occurs in common marmosets, a monkey species that engages extensively in coordinated action during cooperative infant care. We found that marmosets indeed show a joint Simon effect. Furthermore, when coordinating their behavior in the joint task, they were more likely to look at their partner than in a joint control condition. Corepresentation is thus not unique to humans but also present in the cooperatively breeding marmosets. Since marmosets are small-brained monkeys, our results suggest that routine coordination in space and time, rather than complex cognitive abilities, plays a role in the evolution of corepresentation.
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White, Andrew J. R., Heath D. Wilder, Ann K. Goodchild, Ann Jervie Sefton, and Paul R. Martin. "Segregation of Receptive Field Properties in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of a New-World Monkey, the Marmoset Callithrix jacchus." Journal of Neurophysiology 80, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 2063–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.80.4.2063.
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White, Andrew J. R., Heath D. Wilder, Ann K. Goodchild, Ann Jervie Sefton, and Paul R. Martin. Segregation of receptive field properties in the lateral geniculate nucleus of a New-World monkey, the marmoset Callithrix jacchus. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2063–2076, 1998. The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in humans and Old-World monkeys is dominated by the representation of the fovea in the parvocellular (PC) layers, and most PC cells in the foveal representation have red–green cone opponent receptive field properties. It is not known whether these features are both unique to trichromatic primates. Here we measured receptive field properties and the visuotopic organization of cells in the LGN of a New-World monkey, the marmoset Callithrix jacchus. The marmoset displays a polymorphism of cone opsins in the medium-long wavelength (ML) range, which allows the LGN of dichromatic (“red–green color blind”) and trichromatic individuals to be compared. Furthermore, the koniocellular–interlaminar layers are segregated from the main PC layers in marmoset, allowing the functional role of this subdivision of the LGN to be assessed. We show that the representation of the visual field in the LGN is quantitatively similar in dichromatic and trichromatic marmosets and is similar to that reported for macaque; the vast majority of LGN volume is devoted to the central visual field. on- and off-type responses are partially segregated in the PC layers so that on responses are more commonly encountered near the external border of each layer. The red–green (ML) opponent cells in trichromatic animals were all located in the PC layers, and their receptive fields were within 16° of the fovea. The koniocellular zone between the PC and magnocellular layers contained cells that receive excitatory input from short wavelength sensitive cones (“blue-on cells”) as well as other nonopponent cells. These results suggest that the basic organization of the LGN is common to dichromatic and trichromatic primates and provide further evidence that ML and SWS opponent signals are carried in distinct subdivisions of the retinogeniculocortical pathway.
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Merkler, D., B. Schmelting, B. Czéh, E. Fuchs, C. Stadelmann, and W. Brück. "Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the common marmoset reflects the immunopathology of pattern II multiple sclerosis lesions." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 12, no. 4 (August 2006): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1352458506ms1290oa.
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Pathomorphological studies described pathological heterogeneity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Different effector mechanisms might therefore be responsible for lesion formation in MS. The present report shows that myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in common marmoset monkeys reflects one specific lesional subtype of MS, namely MS pattern II lesions with antibody/complement-mediated damage. MOG-induced EAE in marmoset monkeys will, therefore, provide an ideal model for therapeutic approaches directed against B-cell/antibody/complement in MS.
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Fernández-Oliva, Alberto, Andrés Finzi, Hillel Haim, Luis Menéndez-Arias, Joseph Sodroski, and Beatriz Pacheco. "HIV-1 Adapts To Replicate in Cells Expressing Common Marmoset APOBEC3G and BST2." Journal of Virology 90, no. 2 (October 28, 2015): 725–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02431-15.
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ABSTRACTPrevious studies have shown that a major block to HIV-1 replication in common marmosets operates at the level of viral entry and that this block can be overcome by adaptation of the virus in tissue-cultured cells. However, our current studies indicate that HIV-1 encounters additional postentry blocks in common marmoset peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Here, we show that the common marmoset APOBEC3G (A3G) and BST2 proteins block HIV-1 in cell cultures. Using a directed-evolution method that takes advantage of the natural ability of HIV-1 to mutate during replication, we have been able to overcome these blocks in tissue-cultured cells. In the adapted viruses, specific changes were observed ingag,vif,env, andnef. The contribution of these changes to virus replication in the presence of the A3G and BST2 restriction factors was studied. We found that certain amino acid changes in Vif and Env that arise during adaptation to marmoset A3G and BST2 allow the virus to replicate in the presence of these restriction factors. The changes in Vif reduce expression levels and encapsidation of marmoset APOBEC3G, while the changes in Env increase viral fitness and discretely favor cell-to-cell transmission of the virus, allowing viral escape from these restriction factors.IMPORTANCEHIV-1 can infect only humans and chimpanzees. The main reason for this narrow tropism is the presence in many species of dominant-acting factors, known as restriction factors, that block viral replication in a species-specific way. We have been exploring the blocks to HIV-1 in common marmosets, with the ultimate goal of developing a new animal model of HIV-1 infection in these monkeys. In this study, we observed that common marmoset APOBEC3G and BST2, two known restriction factors, are able to block HIV-1 in cell cultures. We have adapted HIV-1 to replicate in the presence of these restriction factors and have characterized the mechanisms of escape. These studies can help in the development of a novel animal model forin vivoinfection of marmosets with HIV-1-like viruses.
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Ross, Corinna N., Kenneth Davis, Georgina Dobek, and Suzette D. Tardif. "Aging Phenotypes of Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)." Journal of Aging Research 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/567143.
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Characterizing the phenotypic changes associated with aging in a short-lived primate is necessary in order to develop better translational models for human health, aging, and disease research. A population of conventionally housed marmoset monkeys was assessed to determine if phenotypes of body composition, hematology, and morphometrical measures were associated with age or risk of death. We found that the cause of mortality in older marmosets was more likely to be due to cardiac and chronic kidney disease than in younger marmosets. Older marmosets have decreased fat mass, morphometric measures, and serum albumin. Older marmosets are more likely to show a modified posture while at rest and this modified posture was significantly associated with an increased risk of imminent death. These assessments provide an initial definition of aged health in marmosets and a base for future translational aging research with this species.
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Philippens, I. H. C. H. M., B. P. C. Melchers, T. A. P. Roeling, and P. L. B. Bruijnzeel. "Behavioral test systems in marmoset monkeys." Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 32, no. 1 (March 2000): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03200799.
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Kawai, Nobuyuki, Miyuki Yasue, Taku Banno, and Noritaka Ichinohe. "Marmoset monkeys evaluate third-party reciprocity." Biology Letters 10, no. 5 (May 2014): 20140058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0058.
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Many non-human primates have been observed to reciprocate and to understand reciprocity in one-to-one social exchanges. A recent study demonstrated that capuchin monkeys are sensitive to both third-party reciprocity and violation of reciprocity; however, whether this sensitivity is a function of general intelligence, evidenced by their larger brain size relative to other primates, remains unclear. We hypothesized that highly pro-social primates, even with a relatively smaller brain, would be sensitive to others' reciprocity. Here, we show that common marmosets discriminated between human actors who reciprocated in social exchanges with others and those who did not. Monkeys accepted rewards less frequently from non-reciprocators than they did from reciprocators when the non-reciprocators had retained all food items, but they accepted rewards from both actors equally when they had observed reciprocal exchange between the actors. These results suggest that mechanisms to detect unfair reciprocity in third-party social exchanges do not require domain-general higher cognitive ability based on proportionally larger brains, but rather emerge from the cooperative and pro-social tendencies of species, and thereby suggest this ability evolved in multiple primate lineages.
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Schultz-Darken, Nancy, Katarina M. Braun, and Marina E. Emborg. "Neurobehavioral development of common marmoset monkeys." Developmental Psychobiology 58, no. 2 (October 26, 2015): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dev.21360.
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de Elvira, M. C. Ruiz, and D. H. Abbott. "A backpack system for long-term osmotic minipump infusions into unrestrained marmoset monkeys." Laboratory Animals 20, no. 4 (October 1, 1986): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367786780808811.
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A backpack system is described whereby osmotic minipumps are used to infuse gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) subcutaneously in a pulsatile manner into infertile socially subordinate female marmoset monkeys ( Callithrix jacchus jacchus). This procedure enables long-term infusion of GnRH without the necessity of repeated subcutaneous implantation of pumps and GnRH reservoirs. The backpack and cannulae system is inexpensive and can be constructed from commonly available materials. The GnRH treatment successfully overcame the suppression of pituitary luteinizing hormone secretion imposed by the low social status of female marmoset monkeys.
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Smith, D., P. Trennery, D. Farningham, and J. Klapwijk. "The selection of marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) in pharmaceutical toxicology." Laboratory Animals 35, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0023677011911444.
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Prior to controlled clinical trials in human volunteers or patients it is required that novel pharmaceuticals are evaluated for pre-clinical safety in a rodent and a non-rodent ('second') species. In most cases the rodent species used has been the rat and the second species has been the dog or macaque (usually cynomolgus or rhesus) monkey. However, there is an increasing trend within the United Kingdom (UK) pharmaceutical industry to use the common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus) for pre-clinical toxicology programmes. This paper examines the practicality of using the common marmoset (henceforth referred to as 'the marmoset') in toxicological testing and reviews metabolic and pharmacodynamic similarities between this species and humans. It then discusses some of the advantages and disadvantages of the use of this species when compared with two other alternatives to the dog and macaque, namely the ferret and minipig. In particular, the marmoset has clear advantages over the macaque in terms of animal welfare and practicality. There is regulatory acceptance of this species for Investigational New Drug (IND), Clinical Trial Exemption (CTX), New Drug Application (NDA) and Marketing Authorization Application (MAA) registrations. Whilst the dog is likely to be maintained as the primary non-rodent species in toxicology, the marmoset has been, and will likely continue to be, adopted as an additional non-rodent species in pre-clinical toxicology programmes where appropriate.
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Toarmino, Camille R., Lauren Wong, and Cory T. Miller. "Audience affects decision-making in a marmoset communication network." Biology Letters 13, no. 1 (January 2017): 20160934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0934.
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An audience can have a profound effect on the dynamics of communicative interactions. As a result, non-human primates often adjust their social decision-making strategies depending on the audience composition at a given time. Here we sought to test how the unique vocal behaviour of multiple audience members affected decisions to communicate. To address this issue, we developed a novel experimental paradigm in which common marmosets directly interacted with multiple ‘virtual monkeys’ (VMs), each of whom represented an individual marmoset with distinct vocal behaviour. This active social signalling paradigm provided subjects an opportunity to interact with and learn about the behaviour of each VM in the network and apply this knowledge in subsequent communicative decisions. We found that subjects' propensity to interact with particular VMs was determined by the behaviour of each VM in the audience and suggests that marmoset social decision-making strategies are highly adaptive to nuances of the immediate communication network.
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Annett, L. E., E. M. Torres, D. J. Clarke, Y. Ishida, R. A. Barker, R. M. Ridley, H. F. Baker, and S. B. Dunnett. "Survival of Nigral Grafts within the Striatum of Marmosets with 6-Ohda Lesions Depends Critically on Donor Embryo Age." Cell Transplantation 6, no. 6 (November 1997): 557–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096368979700600606.
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The study examined the importance of embryonic donor age for the survival of nigral grafts in 6-OHDA–lesioned marmosets. The issue as to whether donor age is critical for the survival of nigral grafts in primates is controversial, because several early reports suggested that relatively old tissue could survive transplantation and produce functional benefits in monkeys, in contrast to the restrictive time dependence observed in rodents. Embryonic marmoset donors embryos of three different ages were employed: 1) E74 (Carnegie stage 18-19); 2) E83-84 (Carnegie stage 23+); 3) E92-93 (foetal period). The nigral neurons derived from the ventral mesencephalon in the two older donor age groups did not survive well when grafted to the striatum of adult marmosets with unilateral 6-OHDA lesions. Although a few tyrosine hydroxylase (TH+) neurons could be identified by immunohistochemistry at graft sites in all recipients in older donor age groups, the numbers of surviving neurons in these were small, on average typically less than 100 TH+ cells. These small grafts were not sufficient to affect amphetamine-induced rotation. In contrast, many more TH+ cells typically survived transplantation in the recipients; of graft tissue derived from the youngest donors and amphetamine-induced rotation was significantly reduced in this group alone. The time course and extent of the reduction in rotation was remarkably similar to that observed in previous marmoset nigral graft studies, confirming the utility of amphetamine-induced rotation as a sensitive and reliable indicator of nigral graft function in this species. Considering these results and other recent evidence from monkey to monkey, human to rat, and human to human graft studies, the survival of embryonic nigral tissues derived from primate donors transplanted into the striatum does appear to be critically dependent on the age of the donor tissue.
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Chan, Tricia L., Ann K. Goodchild, and Paul R. Martin. "The morphology and distribution of horizontal cells in the retina of a New World monkey, the marmoset Callithrix jacchus: A comparison with macaque monkey." Visual Neuroscience 14, no. 1 (January 1997): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800008828.
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AbstractThe morphology and distribution of horizontal cells was studied in the retina of a New World monkey, the marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, and compared with that of the Old World macaque monkey. Horizontal cells in macaque and marmoset were either labelled with the carbocyanine dye, Dil, and then photoconverted, or were labelled by intracellular injection with Neurobiotin. The marmoset has two types of horizontal cell, H1 and H2, which have dendritic and axonal morphology similar to their counterparts in Old World monkeys and human. The dendritic-field size of both cell types increases with distance from the fovea. Both types make contact with the vast majority of the cones within their dendritic field. The dendrites of H1 cells in marmoset contact almost twice as many cones as H1 cells in macaque at an equivalent eccentricity. With increasing distance from the fovea, H1 cells make contact with more cones but have, on average, fewer terminal knobs inserted in each cone. The increase in dendritic-field area of H1 cells is balanced by a decrease in spatial density (from 4500 cells/mm2 at 25 deg eccentricity to 1000 cells/mm2 in far peripheral retina), so coverage of the retina remains fairly constant, between 5 and 8. Overall, the results show that the qualitative morphological properties, as well as quantitative population properties of horizontal cells, are common to both New World and Old World primates.
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Snowdon, Charles. "Cognitive Components of Vocal Communication: A Case Study." Animals 8, no. 7 (July 23, 2018): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani8070126.
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Communication among nonhuman animals is often presented as rigid and inflexible, reflecting emotional states rather than having any cognitive basis. Using the world’s smallest monkey, the pygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea), with the smallest absolute brain size amongst simian primates as a case study, I review the role of cognition in the development and usage of vocalizations in pygmy marmosets and present new data on the instrumental use of babbling and of food associated vocalizations. Pygmy marmosets have several contact calls that differ in the psychoacoustic properties for sound localization as well as the distance at which they carry through the rainforest. Marmosets use these calls strategically based on distance from neighbors. Marmosets alter spectral and temporal aspects of call structure when exposed to new groups and when newly mated. They display population specific vocal dialects. Young pygmy marmosets engage in extensive babbling behavior rewarded by parents that helps the young develop adult vocal structures, but older monkeys also use babbling instrumentally in conflict situations. Specific food referential calls generally relate to food preferences, but food calls are suppressed in the presence of animate prey. Unmated animals systematically combine a long distance call with food calls as though advertising for mates. Taken together, these examples show that even small brained primates use their vocal signals flexibly and strategically in response to a variety of environmental and social conditions.
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Zhao, Lingyun, Bahar Boroumand Rad, and Xiaoqin Wang. "Long-lasting vocal plasticity in adult marmoset monkeys." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1905 (June 26, 2019): 20190817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0817.
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Humans exhibit a high level of vocal plasticity in speech production, which allows us to acquire both native and foreign languages and dialects, and adapt to local accents in social communication. In comparison, non-human primates exhibit limited vocal plasticity, especially in adulthood, which would limit their ability to adapt to different social and environmental contexts in vocal communication. Here, we quantitatively examined the ability of adult common marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus ), a highly vocal New World primate species, to modulate their vocal production in social contexts. While recent studies have demonstrated vocal learning in developing marmosets, we know much less about the extent of vocal learning and plasticity in adult marmosets. We found, in the present study, that marmosets were able to adaptively modify the spectrotemporal structure of their vocalizations when they encountered interfering sounds. Our experiments showed that marmosets shifted the spectrum of their vocalizations away from the spectrum of the interfering sounds in order to avoid the overlap. More interestingly, we found that marmosets made predictive and long-lasting spectral shifts in their vocalizations after they had experienced a particular type of interfering sound. These observations provided evidence for directional control of the vocalization spectrum and long-term vocal plasticity by adult marmosets. The findings reported here have important implications for the ability of this New World primate species in voluntarily and adaptively controlling their vocal production in social communication.
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Nummela, Samuel U., Michael J. Jutras, John T. Wixted, Elizabeth A. Buffalo, and Cory T. Miller. "Recognition Memory in Marmoset and Macaque Monkeys: A Comparison of Active Vision." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 9 (September 2019): 1318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01361.
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The core functional organization of the primate brain is remarkably conserved across the order, but behavioral differences evident between species likely reflect derived modifications in the underlying neural processes. Here, we performed the first study to directly compare visual recognition memory in two primate species—rhesus macaques and marmoset monkeys—on the same visual preferential looking task as a first step toward identifying similarities and differences in this cognitive process across the primate phylogeny. Preferences in looking behavior on the task were broadly similar between the species, with greater looking times for novel images compared with repeated images as well as a similarly strong preference for faces compared with other categories. Unexpectedly, we found large behavioral differences among the two species in looking behavior independent of image familiarity. Marmosets exhibited longer looking times, with greater variability compared with macaques, regardless of image content or familiarity. Perhaps most strikingly, marmosets shifted their gaze across the images more quickly, suggesting a different behavioral strategy when viewing images. Although such differences limit the comparison of recognition memory across these closely related species, they point to interesting differences in the mechanisms underlying active vision that have significant implications for future neurobiological investigations with these two nonhuman primate species. Elucidating whether these patterns are reflective of species or broader phylogenetic differences (e.g., between New World and Old World monkeys) necessitates a broader sample of primate taxa from across the Order.
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Takahashi, Daniel Y., Alicia R. Fenley, and Asif A. Ghazanfar. "Early development of turn-taking with parents shapes vocal acoustics in infant marmoset monkeys." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1693 (May 5, 2016): 20150370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0370.
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In humans, vocal turn-taking is a ubiquitous form of social interaction. It is a communication system that exhibits the properties of a dynamical system: two individuals become coupled to each other via acoustic exchanges and mutually affect each other. Human turn-taking develops during the first year of life. We investigated the development of vocal turn-taking in infant marmoset monkeys, a New World species whose adult vocal behaviour exhibits the same universal features of human turn-taking. We find that marmoset infants undergo the same trajectory of change for vocal turn-taking as humans, and do so during the same life-history stage. Our data show that turn-taking by marmoset infants depends on the development of self-monitoring, and that contingent parental calls elicit more mature-sounding calls from infants. As in humans, there was no evidence that parental feedback affects the rate of turn-taking maturation. We conclude that vocal turn-taking by marmoset monkeys and humans is an instance of convergent evolution, possibly as a result of pressures on both species to adopt a cooperative breeding strategy and increase volubility.
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Motohashi, Hideyuki H., and Hidetoshi Ishibashi. "Cryopreservation of ovaries from neonatal marmoset monkeys." Experimental Animals 65, no. 3 (2016): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1538/expanim.15-0097.
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Philippens, Ingrid H. C. H. M., and Raymond A. P. Vanwersch. "Neurofeedback training on sensorimotor rhythmin marmoset monkeys." NeuroReport 21, no. 5 (March 2010): 328–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnr.0b013e3283360ba8.
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Pandey, Swarnima, Sravanthi Simhadri, and Yi Zhou. "Rapid Head Movements in Common Marmoset Monkeys." iScience 23, no. 2 (February 2020): 100837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.100837.
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van Vliet, Sanneke A. M., Marjan J. Jongsma, Raymond A. P. Vanwersch, Berend Olivier, and Ingrid H. C. H. M. Philippens. "Behavioral effects of modafinil in marmoset monkeys." Psychopharmacology 185, no. 4 (March 21, 2006): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-006-0340-4.
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Araújo, Naiara Pereira de, Leonardo Gomes de Lima, Guilherme Borges Dias, Gustavo Campos Silva Kuhn, Alan Lane de Melo, Yatiyo Yonenaga-Yassuda, Roscoe Stanyon, and Marta Svartman. "Identification and characterization of a subtelomeric satellite DNA in Callitrichini monkeys." Semina: Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde 38, no. 1supl (February 16, 2018): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0367.2017v38n1suplp185.
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Repetitive DNAs are abundant fast evolving components of eukaryotic genomes, which often possess important structural and functional roles. Despite their ubiquity, repetitive DNAs are poorly studied when compared to the genic fraction of genomes. Here, we took advantage of the availability of the sequenced genome of the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus to assess its satellite DNAs (satDNAs) and their distribution in Callitrichini. Firstly, we performed similarity-based clustering, repeat identification, and classification using RepeatExplorer with whole-genome shotgun Illumina reads from a male C. jacchus. After clustering analysis, we identified a satDNA composed by 171 bp motifs, named MarmoSAT, which composes 1.09 % of the C. jacchus genome. Multiple sequence alignments were performed using Muscle 4.0. The MEGA software version 5.05 was used for the calculation of genetic distances and construction of Neighbor-Joining (NJ) trees. Chromosome preparations were obtained from fibroblast cultures of one male of each C. penicillata, C. geoffroyi, Callimico goeldii and Mico argentatus. We performed CBG-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using alpha and MarmoSAT satDNAs and telomeric sequences as probes. Finally, we investigated the transcription of MarmoSAT in several tissues of C. jacchus using the RNA-seq data generated by the Non-Human Primate Reference Transcriptome Resource. FISH on chromosomes of species from Callithrichini showed that MarmoSAT had a subtelomeric location. In addition to the common monomeric form we found that MarmoSAT was also organized in higher-order repeats of 338 bp in C. goeldii. Our phylogenetic analyses showed that MarmoSAT repeats from C. jacchus lack chromosome-specific features, suggesting exchange events among subterminal regions of non-homologous chromosomes. MarmoSAT is transcribed in several tissues of C. jacchus, with the highest transcription levels in spleen, thymus and heart. The transcription profile and subtelomeric location suggest that MarmoSAT may be involved in the regulation of telomerase and modulation of telomeric chromatin. Agências financiadoras: CNPq, CAPES, FAPEMIG
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Curths, Christoph, Judy Wichmann, Sarah Dunker, Horst Windt, Heinz-Gerd Hoymann, Hans D. Lauenstein, Jens Hohlfeld, et al. "Airway hyper-responsiveness in lipopolysaccharide-challenged common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)." Clinical Science 126, no. 2 (September 19, 2013): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20130101.
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Animal models with a high predictive value for human trials are needed to develop novel human-specific therapeutics for respiratory diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine lung-function parameters in marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) that can be used to detect pharmacologically or provocation-induced AHR (airway hyper-responsiveness). Therefore a custom-made lung-function device that allows application of defined aerosol doses during measurement was developed. It was hypothesized that LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-challenged marmosets show AHR compared with non-challenged healthy subjects. Invasive plethysmography was performed in 12 anaesthetized orotracheally intubated and spontaneously breathing marmosets. Pulmonary data of RL (lung resistance), Cdyn (dynamic compliance), EF50 (mid-expiratory flow), Poes (oesophageal pressure), MV (minute volume), respiratory frequency (f) and VT (tidal volume) were collected. Measurements were conducted under baseline conditions and under MCh (methacholine)-induced bronchoconstriction. The measurement was repeated with the same group of animals after induction of an acute lung inflammation by intratracheal application of LPS. PDs (provocative doses) of MCh to achieve a certain increase in RL were significantly lower after LPS administration. AHR was demonstrated in the LPS treated compared with the naïve animals. The recorded lung-function data provide ground for pre-clinical efficacy and safety testing of anti-inflammatory substances in the common marmoset, a new translational NHP (non-human primate) model for LPS-induced lung inflammation.
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Johnston, Kevin D., Kevin Barker, Lauren Schaeffer, David Schaeffer, and Stefan Everling. "Methods for chair restraint and training of the common marmoset on oculomotor tasks." Journal of Neurophysiology 119, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): 1636–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00866.2017.
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The oculomotor system is the most thoroughly understood sensorimotor system in the brain, due in large part to electrophysiological studies carried out in macaque monkeys trained to perform oculomotor tasks. A disadvantage of the macaque model is that many cortical oculomotor areas of interest lie within sulci, making high-density array and laminar recordings impractical. Many techniques of molecular biology developed in rodents, such as optogenetic manipulation of neuronal subtypes, are also limited in this species. The common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus) possesses a smooth cortex, allowing easy access to frontoparietal oculomotor areas, and may bridge the gap between systems neuroscience in macaques and molecular techniques. Techniques for restraint, training, and neural recording in these animals have been well developed in auditory neuroscience. Those for oculomotor neuroscience, however, remain at a relatively early stage. In this article we provide details of a custom-designed restraint chair for marmosets, a combination head restraint/recording chamber allowing access to cortical oculomotor areas and providing stability suitable for eye movement and neural recordings, as well as a training protocol for oculomotor tasks. We additionally report the results of a psychophysical study in marmosets trained to perform a saccade task using these methods, showing that, as in rhesus and humans, marmosets exhibit a “gap effect,” a decrease in reaction time when the fixation stimulus is removed before the onset of a visual saccade target. These results are the first evidence of this effect in marmosets and support the common marmoset model for neurophysiological investigations of oculomotor control. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The ability to carry out neuronal recordings in behaving primates has provided a wealth of information regarding the neural circuits underlying the control of eye movements. Such studies require restraint of the animal within a primate chair, head fixation, methods of acclimating the animals to this restraint, and the use of operant conditioning methods for training on oculomotor tasks. In contrast to the macaque model, relatively few studies have reported in detail methods for use in the common marmoset. In this report we detail custom-designed equipment and methods by which we have used to successfully train head-restrained marmosets to perform basic oculomotor tasks.
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CHAPPERT-PIQUEMAL, CATHERINE, CAROLINE FONTA, FRANÇOIS MALECAZE, and MICHEL IMBERT. "Ocular dominance columns in the adult New World Monkey Callithrix jacchus." Visual Neuroscience 18, no. 3 (May 2001): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523801183070.
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In the marmoset Callithrix jacchus, ocular dominance columns (ODC) have been reported to be present in young animals, but absent in adults (Spatz, 1989). We have studied in juvenile and adult animals the postnatal organization of the retino-geniculo-cortical afferents by means of transneuronal labeling. We show in the present work that ODC are present in the primary visual cortex of Callithrix jacchus, both in the adult and in the juvenile animal. The present work confirms the presence of ODC in the visual cortex of juvenile marmoset before the end of the first postnatal month. In 2-month-old animals, ODC are well demarcated in IVcα and IVcβ. In the adult marmosets, the present data clearly show that the primary visual cortex is also organized with ODC. In horizontal sections, they form a mosaic through the ventral and dorsal calcarine cortex and through the dorso-lateral occipital part of the striate cortex. In frontal sections, their presence is manifest in IVcβ within the calcarine cortex and they only faintly appear in IVcα. These new findings are important since they underline the usefulness of the adult New World Monkeys as a model in visual research.
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Drummer, Charis, Edgar-John Vogt, Michael Heistermann, Berit Roshani, Tamara Becker, Kerstin Mätz-Rensing, Wilfried A. Kues, Sebastian Kügler, and Rüdiger Behr. "Generation and Breeding of EGFP-Transgenic Marmoset Monkeys: Cell Chimerism and Implications for Disease Modeling." Cells 10, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10030505.
Full textAbstract:
Genetic modification of non-human primates (NHP) paves the way for realistic disease models. The common marmoset is a NHP species increasingly used in biomedical research. Despite the invention of RNA-guided nucleases, one strategy for protein overexpression in NHP is still lentiviral transduction. We generated three male and one female enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-transgenic founder marmosets via lentiviral transduction of natural preimplantation embryos. All founders accomplished germline transmission of the transgene by natural mating, yielding 20 transgenic offspring together (in total, 45 pups; 44% transgenic). This demonstrates that the transgenic gametes are capable of natural fertilization even when in competition with wildtype gametes. Importantly, 90% of the transgenic offspring showed transgene silencing, which is in sharp contrast to rodents, where the identical transgene facilitated robust EGFP expression. Furthermore, we consistently discovered somatic, but so far, no germ cell chimerism in mixed wildtype/transgenic litters. Somatic cell chimerism resulted in false-positive genotyping of the respective wildtype littermates. For the discrimination of transgenic from transgene-chimeric animals by polymerase chain reaction on skin samples, a chimeric cell depletion protocol was established. In summary, it is possible to establish a cohort of genetically modified marmosets by natural mating, but specific requirements including careful promoter selection are essential.
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Song, Xindong, Yueqi Guo, Michael Osmanski, and Xiaoqin Wang. "Human-like pitch perception mechanisms in marmoset monkeys." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 145, no. 3 (March 2019): 1785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5101530.
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Abbott, David H., Wendy Saltzman, Nancy J. Schultz-Darken, and Pamela L. Tannenbaum. "Adaptations to subordinate status in female marmoset monkeys." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology 119, no. 3 (June 1998): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0742-8413(98)00015-2.
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Cavanaugh, Jon, Aaryn Mustoe, Stephanie L. Womack, and Jeffrey A. French. "Oxytocin modulates mate-guarding behavior in marmoset monkeys." Hormones and Behavior 106 (November 2018): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.10.009.
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Seehase, S., H. D. Lauenstein, S. Switalla, F. Prenzler, F. J. Kaup, E. Fuchs, N. Krug, C. Schlumbohm, K. Sewald, and A. Braun. "Marmoset monkeys as preclinical models for respiratory diseases." Toxicology Letters 196 (July 2010): S204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.688.
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Borjon, Jeremy I., Daniel Y. Takahashi, Diego C. Cervantes, and Asif A. Ghazanfar. "Arousal dynamics drive vocal production in marmoset monkeys." Journal of Neurophysiology 116, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 753–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00136.2016.
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Vocal production is the result of interacting cognitive and autonomic processes. Despite claims that changes in one interoceptive state (arousal) govern primate vocalizations, we know very little about how it influences their likelihood and timing. In this study we investigated the role of arousal during naturally occurring vocal production in marmoset monkeys. Throughout each session, naturally occurring contact calls are produced more quickly, and with greater probability, during higher levels of arousal, as measured by heart rate. On average, we observed a steady increase in heart rate 23 s before the production of a call. Following call production, there is a sharp and steep cardiac deceleration lasting ∼8 s. The dynamics of cardiac fluctuations around a vocalization cannot be completely predicted by the animal's respiration or movement. Moreover, the timing of vocal production was tightly correlated to the phase of a 0.1-Hz autonomic nervous system rhythm known as the Mayer wave. Finally, a compilation of the state space of arousal dynamics during vocalization illustrated that perturbations to the resting state space increase the likelihood of a call occurring. Together, these data suggest that arousal dynamics are critical for spontaneous primate vocal production, not only as a robust predictor of the likelihood of vocal onset but also as scaffolding on which behavior can unfold.
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Vahter, Marie, and Erminio Marafante. "Reduction and binding of arsenate in marmoset monkeys." Archives of Toxicology 57, no. 2 (June 1985): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00343121.
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