Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Marmoset monkeys'
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Seehase, Sophie [Verfasser]. "Marmoset monkeys as a preclinical model in respiratory research / Sophie Seehase." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1030452954/34.
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Hauser, Jonas. "Long-term neuro-behavioural effects of prenatal dexamethasone treatment in Wistar rats and marmoset monkeys." kostenfrei, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/view/eth:30028.
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Le, Friec Alice. "Evolution of corticospinal tract integrity in stroked marmoset monkeys : Towards a bioimplant and stem cell therapeutic strategy." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30031.
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L'Accident Vasculaire Cérébral (AVC) ischémique endommage fréquemment des régions cérébrales impliquées dans le contrôle du mouvement volontaire. De fait, cette pathologie est l'une des premières causes de handicap acquis à l'âge adulte. Bien que des centaines de stratégies thérapeutiques aient montré de potentiels effets bénéfiques dans des modèles animaux d'AVC, seule la rééducation motrice est validée comme traitement des déficits moteurs après la phase aiguë chez l'Homme. Ce constat souligne l'importance de développer et de caractériser des modèles pré cliniques reproductibles chez une espèce proche de l'homme, qui permettront de mieux évaluer l'efficacité de thérapies innovantes. Le premier objectif de ma thèse était donc de caractériser les conséquences anatomiques et fonctionnelles d'une lésion cérébrale induite par une toxine mitochondriale, le malonate, chez le rongeur et le primate non humain. Sur le plan anatomique, l'Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique multimodale a permis un suivi longitudinal non-invasif des altérations tissulaires. Celles-ci ont été explorées plus spécifiquement par des analyses histologiques. Les déficits moteurs ont été évalués par une batterie de tests sensorimoteurs. Nous montrons premièrement que l'injection stéréotaxique de malonate dans la capsule interne du rat permet une lésion ciblée des fibres du faisceau corticospinal (FCS). Cette lésion est associée à des déficits moteurs de longue durée, similaires à ceux observés suite à un AVC lacunaire chez l'Homme. Dans un deuxième temps, j'ai caractérisé les conséquences de l'injection stéréotaxique de malonate au niveau du cortex moteur primaire chez le marmouset. Ce modèle a été conçu afin de reproduire les effets d'une lésion corticale du FCS qui est fréquente dans l'AVC ischémique. Cette approche produit une lésion focale de volume et de localisation reproductible. Des lésions secondaires hypointenses en IRM pondérée T2 et hyperintenses en IRM pondérée T1 et associées à une infiltration d'astrocytes et de microglie sont observées dans la substance blanche à distance du site de la lésion, vraisemblablement suite à la perte de neurones qui font partie des boucles motrices cortico-sous-corticales. Fait important à noter, ces dommages sont associés à une perte durable de force et de dextérité du membre supérieur des animaux. L'injection stéréotaxique de malonate reproduit donc les conséquences de l'AVC ischémique, conduit à des déficits chroniques et permettra donc l'évaluation de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques. Parmi celles-ci, la thérapie cellulaire semble un moyen prometteur de favoriser la réparation tissulaire.[...]Ischemic stroke frequently damages brain regions involved in the control of voluntary movement and remains a leading cause of adult-acquired disability. Although hundreds of therapeutic strategies have shown potential benefits in animal models of stroke, motor rehabilitation and physiotherapy remain the only validated treatments in Humans after the acute phase. This observation highlights the need to develop and characterize reproducible pre-clinical models, which will allow the assessment of experimental therapies. The first objective of this work was therefore to characterize the anatomical and functional consequences of a brain lesion induced by stereotaxic injection of malonate, a mitochondrial toxin, in rodents and primates. Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging allowed longitudinal non-invasive assessment of tissue alterations. We then performed histological analyses to further describe tissue damage. Motor deficits and their recovery were evaluated using a battery of sensorimotor tests. We first show that stereotaxic injection of malonate into the internal capsule of rats creates targeted destruction of corticospinal tract fibers. This lesion is associated with long term motor impairments similar to those observed after lacunar stroke in humans. Secondly, I characterized the consequences of stereotaxic injection of malonate into the primary motor cortex of marmoset monkeys. This model was developed in order to reproduce the effects of middle cerebral artery stroke in Humans. Indeed, the blood supply of motor territories strongly depends on this vessel, which is often occluded in ischemic stroke. We show that this approach causes a focal lesion of predictable size and location. Secondary lesions together with astrocyte and microglial infiltration were observed in white matter tracts distant to the lesion site, and likely occur after degeneration of cortico-sub-cortical motor loop axons. Importantly, the lesion was associated with long-lasting loss of dexterity and grip strength of the contralateral forelimb. Stereotaxic injection of malonate therefore reproduces the consequences of ischemic stroke and should allow the investigation of innovative therapies. Stem cell therapy may hold promise for tissue regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). Co-transplantation of stem cells with biomaterials is currently investigated to enhance the survival and maturation of transplanted cells within the lesion site. Biomaterials can help to create a microenvironment permissive to cell integration within host tissue. An approach combining intracerebral engraftment of semi-rigid micro patterned biomaterials with human neural stem cells (to form a "neuro-implant") improved the recovery of grip strength in stroked rats. [...]
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Rutherford, Julienne Noelle. "Litter size effects on placental structure and function in common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) implications for intrauterine resource allocation strategies /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3278218.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Anthropology, 2007.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-09, Section: A, page: 3930. Adviser: Kevin D. Hunt. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 8, 2008).
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Pomberger, Thomas [Verfasser], and Steffen [Akademischer Betreuer] Hage. "Audio-Vocal Integration Mechanisms and Volitional Control of Vocal Behavior in Marmoset Monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) / Thomas Pomberger ; Betreuer: Steffen Hage." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1196633789/34.
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Young, Fiona Margaret. "Luteal regression in the marmoset monkey." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23277.
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Ovaries were studied on luteal days 10, 18 and 22 (corresponding to the mid luteal phase, functional luteal regression and structural luteal regression respectively), and also 12 and 24 hours after administration of either PGF2a or GnRH antagonist. Decreased progesterone concentrations indicative of functional luteal regression were apparent 12 hours later. Analysis of haematoxylin and eosin stained sections of corpora lutea indicated that the administration of PGF2a or GnRH antagonist resulted in apoptosis, and also in the formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles in steroidogenic cells. Apoptosis in corpora lutea was further investigated by 3' end labelling DNA extracted from corpora lutea, and by in situ 3' end labelling of sections of ovarian tissue. Apoptosis was found to occur after induced luteolysis and in naturally regressing corpora lutea but only after progesterone had decreased to follicular phase values. Therefore the decline in progesterone characteristic of functional luteal regression was not caused by the apoptotic cell death of steroidogenic cells. However, apoptosis played a role in structural luteal regression. Ubiquitin is expressed only by live cells undergoing a process of non-apoptotic cell death. Ubiquitin expression was only found in PGF2a, but not in GnRH antagonist treated luteal tissue, suggesting three possible explanations: that the cells in GnRH antagonist treated animals were dead prior to the collection point of 12 hours, or that the cells were not in a cell death pathway, or that cell death was occurring via different mechanisms in PGF2a and GnRH antagonist treated animals. The importance of the vasculature in luteal regression was investigated by labelling endothelial cells with an antibody against von Willebrand Factor VIII Antigen. Endothelial cell numbers remained constant after administration of luteolytic agents, indicating that induced luteal regression was not effected by vascular changes. Similarly, the vascualture did not change during functional regression in untreated animals. Vascular remodelling, however, occurred during structural luteal regression, when the vasculature changed from an extensive network of small capillaries to a system comprised of a lower number of larger blood vessels.
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Dalrymple, Annette. "Prolactin receptor expression and signalling in the marmoset monkey uterus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23319.
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Immunohistochemical studies localised PRL expression to the stromal compartment of the marmoset endometrium. Expression was minimal during the proliferative phase and was up-regulated during the mid-late secretory phase of the ovulatory cycle. Similarly to PRL, PRL-R expression was minimal during the proliferative phase and was dramatically up-regulated during the mid-late secretory phase. However, expression of the PRL-r was localised to the glandular epithelium of the endometrium. The temporal pattern of PRL-R gene expression in the marmoset uterus across the ovulatory cycle was further confirmed by ribonuclease protection assay. The role of Jak2, Stat1 and Stat5 in the intracellular signalling pathway of PRL were also assessed in the mid-late secretory phase. Jak2/Stat1/Stat5 proteins were co-localised with the PRL-R to the glandular epithelial compartment. Moreover within the marmoset uterus, Jak2, Stat1 and Stat5 were temporarily phosphorylated in response to PRL. The pattern of expression of the IRF-1 gene, a PRL target gene, and the effect of PRL on transcription of IRF-1 were also investigated. IRF-1 expression in the marmoset uterus was encoded by a protein of 48 kDa and was localised to the glandular epithelial compartment, as was observed for the PRL-R and Jak2/Stat1/Stat5 proteins. Incubation of mid-late secretory uterine tissue with PRL for 3 hours resulted in 2.4 ± 0.5 (P<0.05) fold induction of IRF-1 gene expression. These studies confirm (a) high sequence and functional similarity between the marmoset and human PRL-R and (b) the expression of both PRL and its receptor in the uterus of the marmoset monkey. Expression of both genes is up-regulated during the mid-late secretory phase of the ovulatory cycle. PRL function in the marmoset uterus is linked to the Jak/Stat signalling pathway leading to the regulation of expression of PRL-responsive genes such as IRF-1. The site of expression of PRL, PRL-R and IRF-1 in the marmoset uterus suggest that PRL may influence glandular epithelial function and direct gene transcription in these cells in a paracrine fashion. In conclusion, the data strongly suggest that the marmoset monkey may provide a useful tool to investigate the role of PRL in human reproduction.
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Ronacher, Katharina. "Internalisation of the type II gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor of marmoset monkey." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8599.
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Bibliography: leaves 102-124.The mammalian type II GnRH receptor has a C-terminal tail unlike the mammalian type I GnRH receptor, which uniquely lacks the cytoptasmic C- terminal domain. lnternalisation of a mammalian type ll GnRH receptor has never been investigated, therefore this thesis studies the internalisation pathway of the type ll GnRH receptor. As the C-terminal tail mediates rapid internalisation of many G protein-coupled receptors this research investigates the functional role of the C-terminal tail and intracellular loop in receptor internalisation. The internalisation pathway of the type ll GnRH receptor in COS-1 cells was investigated by co expressing dominant negative mutants and wild- type constructs of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), dynamin-1 and β-arrestin 1 and 2 with the type II GnRH receptor. The results show that internatisation of the receptor requires GRK 2 and dynamin but does not require β-arrestin 1 and 2. Furthermore, inhibitors to both the caveolae pathway as well as the clathrin coated vesicle endocytosis abolished receptor internalisation indicating that both structures are involved in internalisation of the receptor. Even though in COS-1 cells the type ll GnRH receptor internatises in a β-arrestin independent manner, internalisation of this receptor can be enhanced by over-expression of wild type β-arrestin. This indicates that the type ll GnRH receptor is able to utilise a β-arrestin mediated internaltsation pathway if high levels of β-arrestin are present in the cell. The mammalian type ll GnRH receptor internalises with enhanced rate and extent compared to the tail-less human type I GHRH receptor. The role of the C-terminal tail of the type ll GnRH receptor in internalisation was investigated by measuring internalisation of C-terminally truncated mutants. It was found that the region between Gly 343 and Ser 335 within the C-terminal domain is important for receptor internalisation. Substitution of putative phosphorylation sites within this region revealed that Ser 338 and Ser 339 are critical for rapid receptor internalisation. Furthermore a serine residue in intracellular loop three (Ser 251) was shown to play a role in signalling as well as in internalisation. Since dominant negative GRK 2 could not inhibit internalisation of a mutant lacking all three serine residues, but could reduce internalisation of the wild-type receptor, we suggest that Ser 251, 338 and 339 are target of phosphorylation by GRK. However these phosphorylation sites as well as the C-terminal tail are not necessary for β-arrestin dependent internalisation. Taken together this thesis elucidates the internalisation pathway of a mammalian type lI GnRH receptor and identified residues within the C-terminal tail and intracellular loop three that are critical for rapid internalisation.
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Gameau, Louise J. "The effect of cytokines on chorionic gonadotrophin expression in the marmoset monkey embryo /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg192.pdf.
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Eildermann, Katja [Verfasser]. "Potentially pluripotent cells in the common marmost monkey (Callithrix Jacchus) testis / Katja Eildermann." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1035266067/34.
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Aeckerle, Nelia Luise [Verfasser], Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Lerchl, Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Ullrich, and Rüdiger [Akademischer Betreuer] Behr. "Pluripotent cells in common marmoset monkey testis / Nelia Luise Aeckerle. Betreuer: Alexander Lerchl. Gutachter: Alexander Lerchl ; Matthias Ullrich ; Rüdiger Behr." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1081255552/34.
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Reveley, Colin. "Local structure and global connectivity in the cerebral cortex : neuroinformatics, histology and ultra high resolution diffusion MRI in the rhesus and marmoset monkey brain." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/66528/.
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This thesis concerns the cortical connectivity in Primates. The efficacy of Diffusion weighted MRI (dMRI) is examined. White matter (“WM”) systems subjacent to cortex (“superficial WM” ) are found to be a limiting factor to dMRI tractography. Superficial WM systems are examined with dMRI itself, and with analysis of histological data from the scanned brains. dMRI data was acquired ex-vivo at exceptional spatial and angular resolution (250μm in Rhesus, 150μm in Marmoset). The superficial WM was found to be complex, and with current dMRI methods, an effective barrier to tracking to and from around 50% of cortex in Rhesus. The quality of our data allowed Gray matter seeding, so that penetration both into and out of cortex was examined. We summarize the history of cortical connectivity and current work in tractography. We present an account of the formation and properties of the superficial WM. We compare tracking behaviors to tracer results, and develop a series of scalar maps on cortical surface models to summarize tracking behaviors. We attempt to explain these maps by examining the underlying tracking behavior and the brain tissue itself, revealing the intricate nature of the superficial WM. Chapter 4 contains a separate but related project in which a histologically accurate high resolution 3D and surface atlas of the Rhesus cortex is constructed with unprecedented accuracy. A method to rapidly and accurately non-linearly transform the atlas to a scan of another animal is developed, thus labelling its cortex. accuracy is by comparison to histology of the scanned animals.
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Wolff, Eva [Verfasser], Rüdiger [Akademischer Betreuer] Behr, Rüdiger [Gutachter] Behr, and Sigrid [Gutachter] Hoyer-Fender. "Embryonic and foetal germ cell development in the marmoset monkey: comparative in situ and cell culture studies / Eva Wolff ; Gutachter: Rüdiger, Behr; Sigrid Hoyer-Fender ; Betreuer: Rüdiger, Behr." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1171521499/34.
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Kahland, Tobias Sören [Verfasser], Rüdiger [Akademischer Betreuer] Behr, Lutz [Akademischer Betreuer] Walter, and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Pöhlmann. "Modifying the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) genome: transgenesis and targeted gene modification in vivo and in vitro / Tobias Sören Kahland. Betreuer: Rüdiger Behr. Gutachter: Lutz Walter ; Stefan Pöhlmann." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079384618/34.
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Fereydouni, Bentolhoda [Verfasser], Rüdiger [Akademischer Betreuer] Behr, Sigrid [Akademischer Betreuer] Hoyer-Fender, Lutz [Akademischer Betreuer] Walter, Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Kessel, Halyna [Akademischer Betreuer] Shcherbata, Antje [Akademischer Betreuer] Engelhardt, and Nikola-Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Prpic-Schäper. "In situ and in vitro analysis of germ and stem cell marker-positive cells in the postnatal ovary of the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) / Bentolhoda Fereydouni. Gutachter: Sigrid Hoyer-Fender ; Lutz Walter ; Michael Kessel ; Halyna Shcherbata ; Antje Engelhardt ; Nikola-Michael Dr Prpic-Schäper. Betreuer: Rüdiger Behr." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054542406/34.
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"Head Rotation Detection in Marmoset Monkeys." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.25880.
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abstract: Head movement is known to have the benefit of improving the accuracy of sound localization for humans and animals. Marmoset is a small bodied New World monkey species and it has become an emerging model for studying the auditory functions. This thesis aims to detect the horizontal and vertical rotation of head movement in marmoset monkeys.
Experiments were conducted in a sound-attenuated acoustic chamber. Head movement of marmoset monkey was studied under various auditory and visual stimulation conditions. With increasing complexity, these conditions are (1) idle, (2) sound-alone, (3) sound and visual signals, and (4) alert signal by opening and closing of the chamber door. All of these conditions were tested with either house light on or off. Infra-red camera with a frame rate of 90 Hz was used to capture of the head movement of monkeys. To assist the signal detection, two circular markers were attached to the top of monkey head. The data analysis used an image-based marker detection scheme. Images were processed using the Computation Vision Toolbox in Matlab. The markers and their positions were detected using blob detection techniques. Based on the frame-by-frame information of marker positions, the angular position, velocity and acceleration were extracted in horizontal and vertical planes. Adaptive Otsu Thresholding, Kalman filtering and bound setting for marker properties were used to overcome a number of challenges encountered during this analysis, such as finding image segmentation threshold, continuously tracking markers during large head movement, and false alarm detection.
The results show that the blob detection method together with Kalman filtering yielded better performances than other image based techniques like optical flow and SURF features .The median of the maximal head turn in the horizontal plane was in the range of 20 to 70 degrees and the median of the maximal velocity in horizontal plane was in the range of a few hundreds of degrees per second. In comparison, the natural alert signal - door opening and closing - evoked the faster head turns than other stimulus conditions. These results suggest that behaviorally relevant stimulus such as alert signals evoke faster head-turn responses in marmoset monkeys.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2014
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Harder, Josie A., M. E. Brevard, C. F. Ferris, and J. S. Meyer. "Imaging brain activity in conscious monkeys following oral MDMA (¿Ecstasy¿)." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3071.
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NoRecreational use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA;¿ecstasy¿) poses worldwide potential health problems. Clinical studies show that repeated exposure to low oral doses of MDMA has toxic effects on the brain, altering cognitive and psychosocial behavior. Functional magnetic resonance imaging in conscious marmoset monkeys was used to evaluate the sensitivity of the brain to an oral dose of MDMA (1 mg/kg). Following MDMA administration, the midbrain raphe nuclei and substantia nigra, major sources of serotonin and dopamine, were activated as were the hippocampus, hypothalamus and amygdala. The corticostriatal circuit of dorsal thalamus, sensorimotor cortex and basal ganglia showed a robust, coherent activation pattern. Two key reward areas, the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex, and most other cortical regions showed little activation. The visual cortex, however, showed intense activation without applied visual stimuli. These data identify brain areas and functional circuits sensitive to a recreational dose of MDMA, some of which may be vulnerable to long-term intermittent exposure to this drug.
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Marciano, Zachary. "Relationships Between Personality Type and Cognitive Ability in Marmoset Monkeys (Callithrix jacchus)." 2019. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/845.
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Personality refers to multiple traits that are thought to be stable over time and across situations. It is recognized that personality has a neural basis and is associated with health outcomes. Whether personality is also associated with cognitive ability, however, is still a matter of intense debate. One way to examine these potential relationships is to use a nonhuman primate model for which complexities present in humans can be minimized. Recent research into the varying personality types of marmoset monkeys suggests that there are predominantly three to five core primary domains that most marmosets and other primates can be categorized into, such as dominance, sociability, and neuroticism. The aim of the proposed study was to categorize a small colony of marmosets into respective personality domains, and to examine correlations between the monkeys’ personalities and their cognitive ability. This study was be conducted on 27 marmoset monkeys (14 male, 13 female) housed in the Lacreuse lab at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. A personality survey based on Koski (2015) containing 55 personality traits was utilized by 8 human judges, all of whom have been working with these monkeys daily for at least one year. Each judge rated each individual monkey on each individual trait on a 1 to 7-point scale; 1 indicating total absence of a trait and 7 indicating extreme presence of a trait. Once the survey data was compiled, a principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to condense the myriad of ratings into smaller distinguishable personality domains. Three personality types were identified in this population, consistent with other non-human primate species. An ICC(2) was performed to ensure the interrater reliabilities of the 8 judges were consistent enough to be considered. Lastly, a linear regression was conducted to reveal possible correlations between the observed personality domains and cognitive performance achieved in a reversal learning task. The results of this experiment showed no statistically significant relationships between any of the three personality domains: Assertiveness, Neuroticism, and Inquisitiveness with the reversal learning cognitive scores. Although these findings suggest that personality and cognitive flexibility are independent in marmosets, we cannot rule out that personality may influence other cognitive domains. Additional studies are needed to examine this possibility.
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"Detect and Analyze the 3-D Head Movement Patterns in Marmoset Monkeys using Wireless Tracking System." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.34913.
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abstract: Head movement is a natural orienting behavior for sensing environmental events around us. Head movement is particularly important for identifying through the sense of hearing the location of an out-of-sight, rear-approaching target to avoid danger or threat. This research aims to design a portable device for detecting the head movement patterns of common marmoset monkeys in laboratory environments. Marmoset is a new-world primate species and has become increasingly popular for neuroscience research. Understanding the unique patterns of their head movements will improve its values as a new primate model for uncovering the neurobiology of natural orienting behavior. Due to their relatively small head size (5 cm in diameter) and body weight (300-500 g), the device has to meet several unique design requirements with respect to accuracy and workability. A head-mount wireless tracking system was implemented based on inertial sensors that are capable of detecting motion in the Yaw, Pitch and Roll axes. The sensors were connected to the encoding station, which transmits wirelessly the 3-axis movement data to the decoding station at the sampling rate of ~175 Hz. The decoding station relays this information to the computer for real-time display and analysis. Different tracking systems, based on the accelerometer and Inertial Measurement Unit is implemented to track the head movement pattern of the marmoset head. Using these systems, translational and rotational information of head movement are collected, and the data analysis focuses on the rotational head movement in body-constrained marmosets. Three stimulus conditions were tested: 1) Alert, 2) Idle 3) Sound only. The head movement patterns were examined when the house light was turned on and off for each stimulus. Angular velocity, angular displacement and angular acceleration were analyzed in all three axes.
Fast and large head turns were observed in the Yaw axis in response to the alert stimuli and not much in the idle and sound-only stimulus conditions. Contrasting changes in speed and range of head movement were found between light-on and light-off situations. The mean peak angular displacement was 95 degrees (light on) and 55 (light off) and the mean peak angular velocity was 650 degrees/ second (light on) and 400 degrees/second (light off), respectively, in response to the alert stimuli. These results suggest that the marmoset monkeys may engage in different modes of orienting behaviors with respect to the availability of visual cues and thus the necessity of head movement. This study provides a useful tool for future studies in understanding the interplay among visual, auditory and vestibular systems during nature behavior.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Bioengineering 2015
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Prasad, Shilpanjali. "Studies of immune biology of the common marmoset: a novel non-human primate transplant model." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/61317.
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Donor-specific immune tolerance is a highly desirable goal in clinical transplantation. Dendritic cells (DC) are potent immune system regulators, and promoting both anti-donor immunity and immune tolerance. DC are therefore an important target for potential tolerance-inducing therapies, which must be validated in non-human primate models before clinical trials. The common marmoset is a small, New World primate which our group is developing as a novel transplant model. The scope of this thesis involves the development of methodology and characterisation of critical aspects of marmoset immune biology pertinent to transplantation and DC immunotherapy.
Chapter 1 discusses the context of this thesis and contains a comprehensive literature review.
Chapter 2 outlines methodology and materials utilised in this thesis.
Chapter 3 describes a new technique for genotyping marmoset major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II DRB genes, to facilitate choosing mismatched donor and recipient animals for transplant studies. Genotype-based matching was predictive of in-vitro immune reactivity, and therefore validated as a method for selecting immunologically disparate animal pairs. Two new alleles were also identified. This work has given rise to two publications, and the methodology subsequently extended to marmoset MHC Class I and other Class II genes by others in our group.
Chapter 4 describes the first-ever studies of propagation of marmoset DC in-vitro from peripheral blood DC precursors (monocytes and stem cells) mobilised by the growth factor G-CSF. These methods enabled large-scale DC production from small volumes of peripheral blood. Marmoset DC were characterised extensively by morphology, phenotype and function, with many similarities to human and NHP DC. As with all animal models, specific differences were also identified. In particular, marmoset monocyte-derived DC were maturation-resistant, whereas stem-cell derived DC were semi-mature. This work establishes that marmoset DC exist within the paradigm of human and NHP DC systems, and is therefore a feasible model for DC-based tolerance studies.
Chapter 5 describes for the first time the in-vivo propagation of marmoset DC following treatment with the growth factor FLT3-Ligand. A three-colour flow cytometry strategy for identifying and sorting marmoset putative peripheral blood myeloid DC was validated. The rare myeloid DC population was expanded massively by FLT3-Ligand, and could be isolated in numbers sufficient for therapeutic use. These DC had typical myeloid DC morphology and were capable of immune stimulation in-vitro. In addition, new markers for plasmacytoid DC were evaluated. This work forms the basis for ongoing studies of in-vivo marmoset DC.
Chapter 6 describes the culmination of the studies outlined in earlier chapters, with the first-ever studies of DC immunotherapy in marmoset monkeys. Three donor and recipient pairs were chosen on the basis of MHC genotype mismatch. Donor animals were treated with G-CSF and immature monocyte-derived DC propagated in-vitro. Recipient animals were treated with intravenous infusion of unmodified immature donor DC, and immune responses monitored. Two animals exhibited reduction in anti-donor (and third party) immune responses, whereas one animal was initially sensitized to donor cells. These preliminary studies establish the feasibility of DC-based immunotherapy in this model, and demonstrate that DC-induced immune modification can occur and be successfully monitored.
Thus, the work presented in this thesis creates a platform from which future studies of DC-based immune tolerance strategies can be developed in this novel transplant model.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Medicine, 2009
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Gameau, Louise J. (Louise Joy). "The effect of cytokines on chorionic gonadotrophin expression in the marmoset monkey embryo / Louise J. Gameau." 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19442.
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Erratum (6 leaves) tipped in after Table of Contents.Bibliography: leaves 216-242.
xiv, 260 leaves, [21] leaves of plates : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
The purpose of this project was to examine the cellular and molecular processes involved in expression of embryonic signals and the initial interactions that occur between the embyro and the maternal endometrium of the primate. This knowledge will assist in developing culture conditions for improved viability of human IVF embryos, as well as enhancing our understanding of primate reproductive physiology.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1999
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Ribic, Adema. "Expression and properties of neuronal MHC class I molecules in the brain of the common marmoset monkey." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-F16E-F.
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Wolff, Eva. "Embryonic and foetal germ cell development in the marmoset monkey: comparative in situ and cell culture studies." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E4FB-2.
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Kahland, Tobias Sören. "Modifying the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) genome: transgenesis and targeted gene modification in vivo and in vitro." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-8642-8.
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Ribic, Adema [Verfasser]. "Expression and properties of neuronal MHC class I molecules in the brain of the common marmoset monkey / submitted by Adema Ribic." 2009. http://d-nb.info/100721662X/34.
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Collins, Michael Gerard. "Developing a non-human primate model of dendritic cell based immunotherapy in transplantation: studies in the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus)." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/87373.
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Kidney transplantation represents the best treatment for end-stage kidney disease, and in comparison to dialysis treatment has been shown to improve survival, quality of life, and reduce health-care costs over time. However, in order to prevent transplant failure from allograft rejection, immunosuppressive drug therapy is required. Immunosuppression is associated with significant systemic toxicities, and continues to impair optimal patient and graft outcomes. The avoidance or minimisation of immunosuppression via the promotion of tolerance of the allograft, or the use of targeted therapeutic strategies, in clinical transplantation is therefore an important goal that could have many benefits for patients. Dendritic cells (DC) are potent antigen-presenting cells that play a pivotal role in the initiation and maintenance of immune responses, and therapies utilising or targeting DC offer the potential to manipulate immune responses towards tolerance. This thesis seeks to develop the potential of DC based immunotherapies in a small and clinically relevant non-human primate (NHP) transplant model, the common marmoset monkey, and thereby facilitate translation of these therapies towards human clinical trials. Chapter 1 establishes the context for this thesis by outlining the background and providing a comprehensive review of relevant literature. Chapter 2 describes the materials and methods utilised in this thesis. Additional details of methods are contained in relevant chapters. Chapter 3 presents a comprehensive study of renal pathology in a colony of laboratory marmosets, including histology, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, and correlates this for the first time with serum and urine biochemistry. This work demonstrates that the spontaneously observed glomerular pathology in marmosets represents a benign occurrence that would not impact on the assessment of renal function or histology in a marmoset kidney transplant model. Chapter 4 examines the trafficking behaviour in vivo of intravenously and subcutaneously administered allogeneic marmoset DC propagated in vitro from genetically disparate marmoset donors. The findings indicate that allogeneic marmoset DC do not necessarily exhibit normal trafficking behaviour in vivo, as they are not found in secondary lymphoid tissues at 48 hours, in contrast to similarly administered autologous DC. This finding lends weight to other recent studies of donor DC cellular therapy that indicate that the tolerogenic effects of this therapy are not mediated through cell to cell interactions with recipient T-cells, but rather through providing a source of donor antigen for acquisition and processing by recipient DC. Chapter 5 describes studies to develop a monoclonal antibody to marmoset DC-specific ICAM 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), which is a DC-specific marker.
Ultimately, a marmoset cross-reactive commercially available anti-human DC-SIGN antibody (DCN46) was identified, and found to be suitable to utilise in the development of DC-SIGN targeted cell-specific therapy. Using this antibody, marmoset DC-SIGN positive cells were identified in the Lineage⁻ CD11c⁺ Class II⁺ fraction of marmoset spleen; in contrast in vitro propagated marmoset monocyte-derived DC have been confirmed to lack DC-SIGN expression. Chapter 6 describes the successful development of a novel nanocarrier targeted to DC: PLGA nanoparticles that target DC using the human and marmoset DC-SIGN cross-reactive antibody identified in Chapter 5. A series of preliminary studies have demonstrated that DC-SIGN targeted PLGA nanoparticles are taken up by Class II⁺ CD11c⁺ marmoset spleen cells, and that loading of the nanoparticles with the immunomodulatory drug curcumin shows evidence of in vitro immunosuppressive capacity, as shown in mixed leucocyte reaction; however the specificity for DC of immunosuppressive targeted PLGA nanoparticles remains to be demonstrated. Chapter 7 summarises the overall findings from this thesis, and proposes a series of necessary studies to exploit the identified potentials from this work further. Overall, the work in this thesis significantly advances the marmoset NHP model as a means to translate the potential of DC based immunotherapies towards clinical transplantation. The feasibility of DC-targeted therapy using nanoparticles has been established, and represents an opportunity to specifically target DC with immunosuppressive drugs in vivo, and thereby manipulate the immune response towards tolerance, while reducing the burden of non-targeted immunosuppression.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Medicine, 2013
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Fereydouni, Bentolhoda. "In situ and in vitro analysis of germ and stem cell marker-positive cells in the postnatal ovary of the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus)." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5F2F-1.
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Rodriguez, Polo Ignacio. "Non-human primate iPS cells for cell replacement therapies and human cardiovascular disease modeling." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-12BE-1.
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